 of political resistance to institutionalised authority is largely quarantined by anti-protest and anti-assembly powers.
The essay concerns tyranny – the rule of one. America is still a democracy, of course, though it is now openly “flawed”, with some pointing to its emergent oligarchy. 
The notable feature of La Boétie’s political theory is that the origin of tyrannical power is irrelevant: whether by election, inheritance or force, if rulership is oppressive, it is tyrannical.

All your “misfortune” descends “not from alien foes, but from the one enemy whom you yourselves render as powerful as he is”.
La Boétie is unremitting in his criticism of servitude – the servile are “traitors” to themselves. They give tyranny its “eyes” to surveil, its arms to beat and its feet to trample freedom.
This principle of non-co-operation forms the root of civil disobedience movements today. If tyrannical commands cannot be enforced without subjects to do the enforcing, then withdrawal of both consent and action is a pragmatic, peaceful and legitimate means for conventional politics to resist even the most narcissistic of wig-wearers today.
And we can point to real-life heroes acting out this defiance today: Badlands National Park breaking its gag order to tweet facts of science, or NASA with its Rogue 1 doing the same.
At the same time, reliance on individual action can be confused and contradictory. For example, the battle at the airports over the Muslim immigration ban now seems to be between federal customs and Department of Homeland Security agents enforcing the executive order, and those following the Federal Court order barring deportations. The separation of powers is reliant on people serving this separation.
La Boétie was quick to realise that the key question is not how tyrannies remain in power, but why subjects do not withdraw their support. Fear and ideology, self-interest and habit all conspire so that the many acquiesce in their own subjection. In Trump’s oft-tweeted word: Sad!
So, while acts of peaceful withdrawal should be enough to cripple any oppressive regime, La Boétie’s thesis holds only on the condition that the many oppose the one.
Here we run into two major problems. Some people lack the critical distance from their social order to question it. More problematic are those who benefit from Trump’s rule.
For La Boétie, this class is the most dangerous. Those who “cling to the tyrant”, who take “the bait toward slavery”, offer him their loyalty in return for institutionalised bribery (including, in today’s idiom, state contracts, tax breaks, administrative assistance and positions of influence). This 1% become the willing hands of tyranny, reaching throughout society.
Gustav Landauer calls this the “internal flaw”, that the people who “feed” tyranny “must stop doing so”. At this point, however, La Boétie leaves us with pure voluntarism as some rational hope against tyranny.
But even this idea can be educative. Much has been made of the punch on Richard Spencer, the neo-Nazi who advocates “ethnic cleansing”. Some say that, rather than street violence, resistance must instead go “high”. Having a grandfather who was tortured by the SS, I am less sanguine. Spencer and his ilk promise horrific violence on a mass scale. Believe them.
Richard Spencer, the man credited with coining the term “alt-right”, is punched in the head while talking with a reporter.
Nevertheless, such punches seem very ineffective in making allies of centrists against Trump. For those who find such acts of resistance unsavoury La Boétie presents an effective middle ground. You don’t have to do anything: just don’t comply, ever. This principle could even appeal to libertarians.
The problem today is that many are willing to serve in their own oppression and even more willing to serve in the oppression of others. So the real question he leaves us with is: what are we to do against the willing servants of tyranny?
Has the strategy that Michelle Obama advocated at last year’s Democratic National Convention worked?
Mac Mini 2020 with M1 worth it?

I’m thinking of upgrading my MacBook Pro 2015, with a Mac Mini 2020 with the new M1 chip. I’m a web developer so I deal with graphics all the time and am finding the MacBook Pro to be lagging behind now after 5 years of using it. Any thoughts?

Please bear in mind that I never take the laptop off of the dock and use two external wide screen monitors and also the price on the new laptop is too much for me atm.India Cars Portal from Come2India offers detailed information on Tata Bolt D from Tata belonging to the Small Cars/Hatchbacks class here. This Car sells for Rs.5.5 Lakh and has a 75 BHP of engine output.
Tata Bolt D is powered by a 4 cyl 1248 CC Quadra engine with a 5 M speed gearbox and costs approximately about Rs. 5.5 lakhs. It gives about 16 km per liter of Diesel in the city and about 21 kilometer per liter of Diesel on the Highways.
Tata Bolt has 4 cyl 1248 CC Quadra cubic capacity engine which delivers 75 BHP with a torque figure of 190 Nm.To put it in very simple terms perspective is objects that are further away appearing smaller than those that are closer to the viewer.
In art the correct use of perspective is very important as it can make a flat image appear to have depth and volume.
This tutorial will illustrate the basics of perspective drawing and explain how these are applied to drawing anime and manga.
A scene like the room and character drawing above is fairly common in anime and manga.
To be able to make a proper drawing of a room like this knowledge of perspective is absolutely essential. Even if you are not particularly interested in anime but simply like to sketch and don’t know much about perspective drawing this tutorial can still be very helpful.
The above is a basic example of perspective drawing. Objects getting smaller the further they go into the distance.
In a cube all sides are normally equal in length but above illustration you can see how the sides of the first cube (drawn in perspective) that are further away are drawn smaller while the sides that are closer are drawn larger.
In the second (non-perspective) drawing where the back and front sides are drawn the same size the cube looks odd and distorted.
As already mentioned perspective is objects getting smaller as they go off into the distance. The point or points at which the objects in a drawing vanish into the distance or become a dot are know as the vanishing points. In one point and two point perspective these are always located on a horizontal line or the “horizon line” also known as the “eye level”.
The reason it is called the “eye level” is because it literally is where the viewers eyes would be in relation to the scene in the picture if the viewer was actually there. Imagine the picture as if you are looking out a window.
The horizon line in most examples in this tutorial is shown above the object but it is important to know that it can also be below or behind an object. The position depends on where the viewer’s eyes are. If the viewer is looking at an object from above then the horizon line will be above it, if you are looking at it form below then the horizon line will be below the object and if they are looking directly at the object then the horizon line will be behind it.
There are three types of perspective in total, one point perspective and two point perspective as mentioned earlier and the less common three point perspective (also the most complicated).
One point perspective is the easiest to draw in as there is only one vanishing point. This type of perspective is good to use when you are looking at the center of an object or a scene that is facing direct towards the viewer.
Two point perspective has two vanishing points (both always located on the horizon line) and is probably the most common. You will want to use this when drawing most objects or scenes.
Three point perspective has three vanishing points and is often used when drawing large objects such as buildings.
The third vanishing point can also be above an objects. An example would be looking at a building from below. The top of the building will appear far smaller than the bottom.
It’s very important to note that in many cases the vanishing points and even the horizon line can be off of the actual drawing area. This may sound confusing but simply look at the examples in this tutorial where there is a smaller drawing of the same object in order to show the perspective lines. If you try and add these lines to the larger object you will see that the vanishing points will not fit within the frame of the drawing.
In the above example you can see how the vertical positioning of an object in relation to the eye level changes it’s appearance for the viewer. You can try this for yourself by first putting a sheet of paper on the floor and then bringing higher up towards your eyes in the same position. The closer it gets to your eyes the narrower it will appear until it basically become a line (if you look directly at the side of the sheet). A similar effect will happen if you hold it over your head and bring it down (looking at the bottom).
If we apply this to drawing a simple cup in correct perspective the bottom of the cup will be drawn rounder (more vertically stretched than the top because in this case the cup would be below the viewer and therefore the top would be closer to the viewers eye level. If the cup was above the viewer than this would be reversed (rounder top).