This is a list of people who were either born or have lived in the Bronx, a borough of New York City, at some time in their lives.  Many of the early historical figures lived in that part of Westchester County which later became part of the Bronx.

Academics and science 

 Richard Alba (born 1942) – Distinguished CCNY Professor of ethnicity and assimilation 
 Jill Bargonetti (born 1962) – biologist and Presidential Early Career Award winner
 Marshall Berman (1940–2013) – philosopher of modernity; author of All That Is Solid Melts into Air
 Norman Birnbaum (1926–2019) – author, educator, political advisor; University Professor Emeritus, Georgetown University Law Center; taught at Amherst College, London School of Economics, Oxford University, University of Strasbourg
 Ira Black (1941–2006) – neuroscientist and stem-cell researcher; first director of the Stem Cell Institute of New Jersey
 Xavier Briggs (born 1968) – Former professor of planning at MIT, former associate director of Office of Management and Budget, former vice-president of Ford Foundation. Sometimes known as "Xavier de Souza Briggs"
 Roscoe Brown (1922–2016) – Tuskegee airman, exercise physiologist, President, Bronx Community College, New York City political adviser
 Charles DeLisi (born 1941) – Arthur Metcalf Professor of Science and Engineering, Boston University. Dean emeritus, College of Engineering
 Morton Deutsch (1920–2017) – conflict resolution expert
 W.E.B. Du Bois (1868–1963) – sociologist, historian, civil rights activist, Pan-Africanist.
 Gertrude B. Elion (1918–1999) – Nobel Prize biochemist and pharmacologist
 Murray Gell-Mann (1929–2019) –  Nobel Prize physicist of sub-atomic particle.
 Todd Gitlin (born 1943) – sociologist; co-founder of Students for a Democratic Society
 Fred Greenstein (1930–2018) – political scientist who psychologically assessed U.S. presidents
 Henry Heimlich (1920–2016) – physician inventor of the Heimlich maneuver
 Matthew Henson (1866–1955) – Explorer, co-discoverer of the North Pole (with Robert Peary)
 Gary Hermalyn (born 1953) – Centennial Historian of New York City, Edgar Allan Poe scholar
 Irving Howe (1920–1993) – literary critic, socialist writer, author of World of Our Fathers 
 Samuel P. Huntington (1927–2008) – Government Professor at Harvard University; co-editor of Foreign Policy; author of political science works related to the modernization of societies, particularly those of developing nations
 Barbara Jasny (born 1952) – deputy editor of Science; co-editor Catalysts, Women of Science Fiction
 Adrian Kantrowitz (1918–2008) – cardiac-surgery pioneer
 Arthur Kantrowitz (1913–2008) – nose cone physicist; co-inventor of the intra-aortic balloon pump
 Jeffrey Lane – urban ethnographer, Rutgers University
 Robert Lefkowitz (born 1943) – 2012 recipient of Nobel prize for chemistry of protein receptors
 Howard Lesnick (1931–2020) – Jefferson B. Fordham Professor of Law, University of Pennsylvania Law School
 Norman Levitt (1943–2009) – mathematician at Rutgers University
 Paul Levinson (born 1947) – science-fiction and non-fiction author; communications professor
 Kenneth Lewes (1943–2020) – psychoanalyst who challenged prejudicial view of homosexuality.
 Ronald Mallett (born 1945) – theoretical physicist of time travel
 Barry Mazur (born 1937)  – mathematician and Fellow of the National Academy of Sciences
 Joseph M. McShane (born 1942) – Jesuit priest; president of Fordham University
 Stanley Milgram (1933–1984) – psychologist known for obedience to authority and small world studies
 Joseph A. O'Hare (1931–2020) – Jesuit priest; longest-serving president of Fordham University (1984–2003); first chair of New York City Campaign Finance Board (1988–2003)
 Jay Pasachoff (1943–2022) – astronomer, umbraphile
 Carolyn Porco (born 1953) – planetary scientist; leader of the Cassini space observatory team at the Colorado Space Science Institute, studying Saturn
 Allan Pred (1936–2007) – geographer at University of Chicago and University of California, Berkeley
 Howard Raiffa (1924–2016) – economist; negotiation scientist
 Murray Rothbard (1926–1995) – economist; helped define modern libertarianism
 Ken Schaffer (born 1947) – inventor; invented the wireless guitar system, video placeshifting
 Joseph Francis Shea (1925–1999) – aerospace engineer; headed NASA's Apollo program
 Gary Simons – founder of Prep for Prep gifted education program in NYC
 Robert Sobel (1931–1999) – historian and writer; history professor at Hofstra University; writer of business histories
 Edward Soja (1940–2015) – postmodern political geography and urban theorist at UCLA
 Michael I. Sovern (1931–2020) – Chancellor Kent Professor of Law and President Emeritus of Columbia University
 Robert Spinrad (1932–2009) – computer designer; director of the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center
 Mark Steiner (1942–2020) – professor of philosophy of mathematics and physics at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem
 Leonard Susskind (born 1940) – theoretical physicist
 Neil deGrasse Tyson (born 1959) – astrophysicist; director of the American Museum of Natural History's Hayden Planetarium; host of PBS's educational-television series NOVA scienceNOW and Cosmos: A SpaceTime Odyssey (2014) and Cosmos: Possible Worlds (2020).
 Lloyd Ultan (historian) (born 1938) – official historian of the Bronx
 Allen Weinstein (1937–2015) – historian; Archivist of the United States
 Barry Wellman (born 1942) – sociologist; University of Toronto professor studying social networks, community and the Internet
 Rosalyn Sussman Yalow (1921–2011) – medical physicist; co-winner of the 1977 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
 Yosef Hayim Yerushalmi (1932–2009) – historian; Salo Baron Professor of Jewish history at Columbia University

Arts

Architecture, art and photography

 Vito Acconci (1940–2017) – architect, landscape architect and installation artist
 Robert Altman (born 1944) – photographer
 Richard Avedon (1923–2004) – photographer
 Alvin Baltrop (1948–2004) – photographer
 Margaret Bourke-White (1904–1971) – photographer (including documentary photographer)
 Cope2 (born 1968) – graffiti artist
 Willie Cole (born 1955) – artist; uses found material such as his "America" blackboard
 Ralph Fasanella (1914–1997) – painter
 Ron Galella (born 1931) – paparazzo photographer
 Horace Ginsbern (1902–1987) – architect; designed the landmark Art Deco Park Plaza Apartments on Jerome Avenue in the Bronx, and other New York City structures
 Milton Glaser (1929–2020) – graphic designer; designer of the "I Love New York" logo
 Garry Gross (1937–2010) – fashion photographer (including nude images of Brooke Shields at age ten), dog portraiture photographer and dog trainer
 Sabin Howard (born 1963) – figurative sculptor, noted for U.S. World War I national monument
 Al Held (1928–2005) – abstract painter; associated with Abstract expressionism, Hard-edge and Color Field painting
 Joel Iskowitz (born 1946) – illustrator, artist, designer for United States Mint
 Marcey Jacobson (1911–2009) – photographer; images of daily life in Chiapas, Mexico
 C. Paul Jennewein (1890–1978) – sculptor
 Ivan Karp (1926–2012) – art dealer
 Stanley Kubrick (1928–1999) – director, screenwriter, editor, cinematographer, storyteller
 Ronnie Landfield (born 1947) – abstract painter; associated with lyrical abstraction, and color field painting
 Daniel Libeskind (born 1946) – architect
 Glenn Ligon (born 1960) – conceptual artist
 Whitfield Lovell (born 1959) – painter and installation artist; focuses on African-American themes; MacArthur Fellow (2007)
 Jules Maidoff (born 1933) – artist, teacher and founder of Studio Art Centers International, Florence, Italy
 Gerard Malanga (born 1943) – poet, photographer, filmmaker, actor, curator and archivist
 Joel Meyerowitz (born 1938) – photographer
 Rick Meyerowitz (born 1943) – artist
 Ralph Morse (1917–2015) – photographer
 Piccirilli Brothers (including father, Giuseppe Piccirilli (1844–1910), and his six sons – Ferruccio (1864–1945), Attilio (1866–1945), Furio (1868–1949), Masaniello (1870–1951), Orazio (1872–1954) and Getulio (1874–1956)) – sculptors
 Larry Rivers (1923–2002) – artist
 Joel Arthur Rosenthal (born 1943) – jeweler
 Merryll Saylan (born 1936) – woodturner 
 Edwin Scheier (1910–2008) – artist
 Phil Stern (1919–2014