manu/mldr-zoomed-100char-total-queries-documents

chunk_id stringlengths 3 9	chunk stringlengths 1 100
125_22	engage in coach racing. In addition to coach racing, he also took part in horse shows and horse
125_23	racing. Hyde accumulated a collection of coaches and carriages, which he later donated to the
125_24	Shelburne Museum.
125_25	Removal from The Equitable
125_26	Following his father's death, Hyde was the majority shareholder and in effective control of The
125_27	Equitable. By the terms of his father's will, he was scheduled to assume the presidency of the
125_28	company in 1906. Members of the board of directors, including E. H. Harriman, Henry Clay Frick,
125_29	J.P. Morgan, and company President James Waddell Alexander attempted to wrest control from Hyde
125_30	through a variety of means, including an unsuccessful attempt to have him appointed as Ambassador
125_31	to France.
125_32	On the last night of January 1905, Hyde hosted a highly publicized Versailles-themed costume ball.
125_33	Falsely accused through a coordinated smear campaign initiated by his opponents at The Equitable of
125_34	charging the $200,000 party (about $4 million in 2014) to the company, Hyde soon found himself
125_35	drawn into a maelstrom of allegations of his corporate malfeasance. The allegations almost caused
125_36	a Wall Street panic, and eventually led to a state investigation of New York's entire insurance
125_37	industry, which resulted in laws to regulate activities between insurance companies, banks and
125_38	other corporations.
125_39	In 1905, Hyde's net worth was about $20 million (around $400 million in 2014). After the negative
125_40	press generated by the efforts to remove him from The Equitable, later in 1905 Hyde resigned from
125_41	the company, gave up most of his other business activities, and moved to France. There were
125_42	published rumors that he would marry French actress Yvonne Garrick in 1906.
125_43	World War I
125_44	At the start of World War I Hyde converted his home and a Paris rental property into French Red
125_45	Cross hospitals, and he volunteered his services as an organizer and driver with the American Field
125_46	Ambulance Service. When the United States entered the war Hyde was commissioned as a Captain and
125_47	assigned as an aide to Grayson Murphy, the High Commissioner of the American Red Cross in France.
125_48	During and after the war Hyde also directed the Harvard and New England bureau of the University
125_49	Union in Paris. Through this organization's auspices Hyde set up a series of annual lectures for
125_50	American professors visiting French universities. He also helped win public support for aiding
125_51	France by publishing several of his own lectures and monographs.
125_52	Later life
125_53	In 1941 Hyde returned from France as the result of Nazi Germany's occupation of France during World
125_54	War II. In retirement he resided at the Savoy-Plaza Hotel in New York City and hotels in Saratoga
125_55	Springs, New York.
125_56	Personal life
125_57	On November 25, 1913, he was married to Marthe (née Leishman) de Gontaut-Biron (1882–1944) in
125_58	Paris. The Countess de Gontaut-Biron, the widow of Count Louis de Gontaut-Biron, was a daughter of
125_59	Ambassador John George Alexander Leishman and Julia (née Crawford) Leishman. Before their divorce
125_60	in 1918, which was reportedly over her strong personal attachment to Germany and not the result of
125_61	the involvement of another man or woman, they were the parents of:
125_62	Henry Baldwin Hyde II (1915–1997), who married Marie de La Grange, a daughter of Baron Amaury De
125_63	La Grange and Emily Eleanor, Baroness De La Grange (daughter of Henry T. Sloane), in 1941. Marie's
125_64	brother was musicologist Henry-Louis de La Grange, known for his biography of Gustav Mahler.
125_65	His ex-wife died in 1944. Hyde died in Saratoga Springs on July 26, 1959. He was buried at
125_66	Woodlawn Cemetery in The Bronx.
125_67	Legacy and honors
125_68	Hyde was a collector of books and documents relating to Franco-American relations beginning in
125_69	1776. He was a member of the Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques, the American Antiquarian
125_70	Society, and the New-York Historical Society. He formed a collection of allegorical prints
125_71	illustrating the Four Continents that are now at the New-York Historical Society; Hyde's drawings
125_72	and a supporting collection of sets of porcelain figures and other decorative arts illustrating the
125_73	Four Continents were shared by various New York City museums.
125_74	For his efforts during the war, Hyde received the Grand-Croix de la Legion d'honneur. He was
125_75	granted an honorary degree by the University of Rennes in 1920.
125_76	References External links
125_77	The James H. Hyde Collection of Allegorical Prints of the Four Continents at the New-York
125_78	Historical Society
125_79	James Hazen Hyde papers at New-York Historical Society
125_80	1876 births 1959 deaths Harvard University alumni American expatriates in France
125_81	American Field Service personnel of World War I Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur
125_82	Grand Croix of the Légion d'honneur Burials at Woodlawn Cemetery (Bronx, New York)
126_0	Richard Barry Freeman (born June 29, 1943) is an economist. The Herbert Ascherman Professor of
126_1	Economics at Harvard University and Co-Director of the Labor and Worklife Program at Harvard Law
126_2	School, Freeman is also Senior Research Fellow on Labour Markets at the Centre for Economic
126_3	Performance, part of the London School of Economics, funded by the Economic and Social Research
126_4	Council, the UK's public body funding social science. Freeman directs the Science and Engineering
126_5	Workforce Project (SEWP) at the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), a network focused on
126_6	the economics of science, technical, engineering, and IT labor which has received major long-term
126_7	support from the Sloan Foundation.
126_8	Education
126_9	He received his B.A. from Dartmouth in 1964 and his Ph.D. in Economics from Harvard University in
126_10	1969 for a thesis titled The Labor Market for College Manpower. He studied under Harvard Professor
126_11	and Dean John T. Dunlop, who became U.S. Secretary of Labor under President Gerald Ford.
126_12	Contributions
126_13	Freeman has written 18 books, edited 29 books and published over 350 published articles on a wide
126_14	range of subjects including global labor standards, the scientific workforce, the economics of
126_15	crime, how the internet is transforming labor movements, and historical spurts in the growth of
126_16	labor unions.
126_17	Freeman has made several significant but controversial contributions to economics and the field of
126_18	industrial relations. In What Do Unions Do? (1984), he and his co-author James Medoff presented
126_19	evidence that countered conventional wisdom in economics when they concluded that “unionism on net
126_20	probably raises social efficiency” and that “recent trends have brought the level of union density
126_21	below the optimal level.” Freeman's work on the economic theory of unions has found support in
126_22	several subsequent studies indicating that in many fields unionized workers have delivered higher
126_23	levels of productivity than their non-union counterparts. Nevertheless, some comparative
126_24	scholarship indicates that the union advantage in productivity may vary by nation. Christos
126_25	Doucouliagos and Patrice Laroche in an article entitled “What do unions do to productivity?” (2003)
126_26	indicate that unions significantly lift productivity in U.S. manufacturing, but these authors
126_27	countered with evidence that unions have had detrimental effects on productivity in the United
126_28	Kingdom.
126_29	Freeman and his collaborators have explored how the tournament model of prizes and funding in the
126_30	biosciences has favored older researchers and contributed to the degradation of conditions for
126_31	postdocs and graduate students. He has carried out a variety of studies on the
126_32	internationalization of science, as more than half of the PhDs graduating in science and
126_33	engineering from U.S. universities in 2003 were foreign born, more than double the rate in 1966.
126_34	In his early career, Freeman often faced critique for his book The Overeducated American (1976),
126_35	which suggested that the U.S. labor market would have vast challenges employing the millions of
126_36	citizens with college diplomas and advanced degrees from the enormous expansion of higher education
126_37	after World War II. The high-tech boom of the later 1980s and 1990s reassured most observers that
126_38	expanding higher education was the trusted route to national economic vitality and achieving the

125_22

engage in coach racing. In addition to coach racing, he also took part in horse shows and horse

125_23

racing. Hyde accumulated a collection of coaches and carriages, which he later donated to the

125_24

Shelburne Museum.

125_25

Removal from The Equitable

125_26

Following his father's death, Hyde was the majority shareholder and in effective control of The

125_27

Equitable. By the terms of his father's will, he was scheduled to assume the presidency of the

125_28

company in 1906. Members of the board of directors, including E. H. Harriman, Henry Clay Frick,

125_29

J.P. Morgan, and company President James Waddell Alexander attempted to wrest control from Hyde

125_30

through a variety of means, including an unsuccessful attempt to have him appointed as Ambassador

125_31

to France.

125_32

On the last night of January 1905, Hyde hosted a highly publicized Versailles-themed costume ball.

125_33

Falsely accused through a coordinated smear campaign initiated by his opponents at The Equitable of

125_34

charging the $200,000 party (about $4 million in 2014) to the company, Hyde soon found himself

125_35

drawn into a maelstrom of allegations of his corporate malfeasance. The allegations almost caused

125_36

a Wall Street panic, and eventually led to a state investigation of New York's entire insurance

125_37

industry, which resulted in laws to regulate activities between insurance companies, banks and

125_38

other corporations.

125_39

In 1905, Hyde's net worth was about $20 million (around $400 million in 2014). After the negative

125_40

press generated by the efforts to remove him from The Equitable, later in 1905 Hyde resigned from

125_41

the company, gave up most of his other business activities, and moved to France. There were

125_42

published rumors that he would marry French actress Yvonne Garrick in 1906.

125_43

World War I

125_44

At the start of World War I Hyde converted his home and a Paris rental property into French Red

125_45

Cross hospitals, and he volunteered his services as an organizer and driver with the American Field

125_46

Ambulance Service. When the United States entered the war Hyde was commissioned as a Captain and

125_47

assigned as an aide to Grayson Murphy, the High Commissioner of the American Red Cross in France.

125_48

During and after the war Hyde also directed the Harvard and New England bureau of the University

125_49

Union in Paris. Through this organization's auspices Hyde set up a series of annual lectures for

125_50

American professors visiting French universities. He also helped win public support for aiding

125_51

France by publishing several of his own lectures and monographs.

125_52

Later life

125_53

In 1941 Hyde returned from France as the result of Nazi Germany's occupation of France during World

125_54

War II. In retirement he resided at the Savoy-Plaza Hotel in New York City and hotels in Saratoga

125_55

Springs, New York.

125_56

Personal life

125_57

On November 25, 1913, he was married to Marthe (née Leishman) de Gontaut-Biron (1882–1944) in

125_58

Paris. The Countess de Gontaut-Biron, the widow of Count Louis de Gontaut-Biron, was a daughter of

125_59

Ambassador John George Alexander Leishman and Julia (née Crawford) Leishman. Before their divorce

125_60

in 1918, which was reportedly over her strong personal attachment to Germany and not the result of

125_61

the involvement of another man or woman, they were the parents of:

125_62

Henry Baldwin Hyde II (1915–1997), who married Marie de La Grange, a daughter of Baron Amaury De

125_63

La Grange and Emily Eleanor, Baroness De La Grange (daughter of Henry T. Sloane), in 1941. Marie's

125_64

brother was musicologist Henry-Louis de La Grange, known for his biography of Gustav Mahler.

125_65

His ex-wife died in 1944. Hyde died in Saratoga Springs on July 26, 1959. He was buried at

125_66

Woodlawn Cemetery in The Bronx.

125_67

Legacy and honors

125_68

Hyde was a collector of books and documents relating to Franco-American relations beginning in

125_69

1776. He was a member of the Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques, the American Antiquarian

125_70

Society, and the New-York Historical Society. He formed a collection of allegorical prints

125_71

illustrating the Four Continents that are now at the New-York Historical Society; Hyde's drawings

125_72

and a supporting collection of sets of porcelain figures and other decorative arts illustrating the

125_73

Four Continents were shared by various New York City museums.

125_74

For his efforts during the war, Hyde received the Grand-Croix de la Legion d'honneur. He was

125_75

granted an honorary degree by the University of Rennes in 1920.

125_76

References External links

125_77

The James H. Hyde Collection of Allegorical Prints of the Four Continents at the New-York

125_78

Historical Society

125_79

James Hazen Hyde papers at New-York Historical Society

125_80

1876 births 1959 deaths Harvard University alumni American expatriates in France

125_81

American Field Service personnel of World War I Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur

125_82

Grand Croix of the Légion d'honneur Burials at Woodlawn Cemetery (Bronx, New York)

126_0

Richard Barry Freeman (born June 29, 1943) is an economist. The Herbert Ascherman Professor of

126_1

Economics at Harvard University and Co-Director of the Labor and Worklife Program at Harvard Law

126_2

School, Freeman is also Senior Research Fellow on Labour Markets at the Centre for Economic

126_3

Performance, part of the London School of Economics, funded by the Economic and Social Research

126_4

Council, the UK's public body funding social science. Freeman directs the Science and Engineering

126_5

Workforce Project (SEWP) at the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), a network focused on

126_6

the economics of science, technical, engineering, and IT labor which has received major long-term

126_7

support from the Sloan Foundation.

126_8

Education

126_9

He received his B.A. from Dartmouth in 1964 and his Ph.D. in Economics from Harvard University in

126_10

1969 for a thesis titled The Labor Market for College Manpower. He studied under Harvard Professor

126_11

and Dean John T. Dunlop, who became U.S. Secretary of Labor under President Gerald Ford.

126_12

Contributions

126_13

Freeman has written 18 books, edited 29 books and published over 350 published articles on a wide

126_14

range of subjects including global labor standards, the scientific workforce, the economics of

126_15

crime, how the internet is transforming labor movements, and historical spurts in the growth of

126_16

labor unions.

126_17

Freeman has made several significant but controversial contributions to economics and the field of

126_18

industrial relations. In What Do Unions Do? (1984), he and his co-author James Medoff presented

126_19

evidence that countered conventional wisdom in economics when they concluded that “unionism on net

126_20

probably raises social efficiency” and that “recent trends have brought the level of union density

126_21

below the optimal level.” Freeman's work on the economic theory of unions has found support in

126_22

several subsequent studies indicating that in many fields unionized workers have delivered higher

126_23

levels of productivity than their non-union counterparts. Nevertheless, some comparative

126_24

scholarship indicates that the union advantage in productivity may vary by nation. Christos

126_25

Doucouliagos and Patrice Laroche in an article entitled “What do unions do to productivity?” (2003)

126_26

indicate that unions significantly lift productivity in U.S. manufacturing, but these authors

126_27

countered with evidence that unions have had detrimental effects on productivity in the United

126_28

Kingdom.

126_29

Freeman and his collaborators have explored how the tournament model of prizes and funding in the

126_30

biosciences has favored older researchers and contributed to the degradation of conditions for

126_31

postdocs and graduate students. He has carried out a variety of studies on the

126_32

internationalization of science, as more than half of the PhDs graduating in science and

126_33

engineering from U.S. universities in 2003 were foreign born, more than double the rate in 1966.

126_34

In his early career, Freeman often faced critique for his book The Overeducated American (1976),

126_35

which suggested that the U.S. labor market would have vast challenges employing the millions of

126_36

citizens with college diplomas and advanced degrees from the enormous expansion of higher education

126_37

after World War II. The high-tech boom of the later 1980s and 1990s reassured most observers that

126_38

expanding higher education was the trusted route to national economic vitality and achieving the