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15,065 |
In conclusion, although we could not prove that the SNP found associated with the phenotype alters miRNA-mediated regulation of gene expression, our data provide evidence for the contribution of the PLCB1 gene to cocaine dependence, identifying an associated variant that was replicated in a second sample, as well as alterations in the expression of PLCB1 induced by cocaine.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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152,478 |
The findings from this qualitative process evaluation indicate that parents are willing to accept alternatives to immediate antibiotics and clinicians are confident in their decisions to prescribe alternatives, which is positive based on the results of the overall trial , but parental concerns about symptom severity suggest that parents might need to better information and support to manage their child’s illness at home. A systematic review about interventions to modify parent consulting behaviours found that interventions that include specific information about the child’s presenting symptom(s) are more likely to be effective and reduce consultation rates for RTIs than interventions that include generic messages about antibiotic overuse or resistance (see also . There is currently conflicting evidence about whether this information would be most effective if delivered during the consultation or prior to the illness episode . Future research is needed to better understand whether parents would be happy to take more responsibility for assessing their child at home, the format parents would prefer this information, and when it would be most effective to facilitate home management.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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303,055 |
In the present study, we tested if the membrane-bound protein MthK can insert into BLMPLFE and exhibit channel activity. MthK (~220 KDa) is a Ca2+-gated K channel, originating from the methanogenic archaea Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus. MthK was chosen for this study because it has been extensively characterized and used as a model for calcium-gated potassium channels . However, previous studies on MthK were confined to membranes composed of diester lipids . Since the major membrane lipids in M. thermautotrophicus are mixtures of diethers and tetraethers , it is of physiological and biophysical interest to investigate how MthK behaves in archaeal BTL membranes. By using n-decane as the final solvent and by treating the torus with lipids before BLM formation over a micro pore on a thin film in a Teflon partitioning, we were able to make BLMPLFE retaining a constant membrane capacitance for at least 11 days, which is unprecedentedly long for BLM made of naturally occurring lipids. We then compared MthK behaviors in BLMPLFE (a GDNT-dominating planar membrane) with those in BLM made of lipids extracted from S. acidocaldarius microvesicles (Sa-MVs) (BTLSa-MV, a GDGT-dominating planar membrane). PLFE isolated from S. acidocaldarius contains ~90% GDNT and ~10% GDGT , whereas lipids extracted from Sa-MVs are mainly GDGT, containing no GDNT . Specifically, we examined MthK channel opening/closing in BLMPLFE and BLMSa-MV at two different calcium concentrations. We were able to detect MthK’s channel opening/closing from BLMPLFE, but not from BLMSa-MV. MthK’s channel opening/closing from BLMPLFE occurs even at calcium concentrations as low as 0.1 mM. The unusually high sensitivity of MthK to calcium in BLMPLFE is explained in terms of PLFE–PLFE and MthK–PLFE interactions.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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389,029 |
Boxplots of ΔStO2 values for the left and right VC and PFC and for both conditions (red and blue) during the CLE-VFT were depicted in Figure 4a,b. Evoked changes of StO2 were generally higher for the blue light compared to the red light at the VC (p < 0.05; effect size (Cohen’s d): d = 0.4). Oxygenation response to the CLE-VFT for blue light was bilateral and symmetrical at the PFC, while relatively greater left- than right-hemispheric activation was observed for the red light exposure (p < 0.04; d = 0.3).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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56,948 |
In family 1, only one NEFH variant was shared by the four patients, and absent in ExAC database. In family 2, 30 variants absent in ExAC database were found for the index case. The variant in NEFH was the only one absent in his two parents. Both variants were novel deletions of 2 nucleotides in the extreme C-terminus of NEFH gene: in family 1, c.3008_3009del (p.Lys1003Argfs*59), and in family 2 c.3043_3044del (p.Lys1015Glyfs*47). The segregation of the mutation in family 1 was confirmed in 13 at-risk subjects (11 affected, 2 no affected). The mutation occurred de novo in family 2.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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268,321 |
The future with the disease is one of the major challenges that partners face. In the third part, “Be Prepared for Anything and Facing an Uncertain Future,” the future was an issue that gave rise to couple concerns that, paradoxically, are in part managed individually.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
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271,976 |
Generally samples were zero field cooled (ZFC) for each 5 quadrant hysteresis loop measurement at fixed temperature. The reported H\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$_{ext}$$\end{document}ext is determined by the current known to be passing through the solenoid which applies the field, and the applied field could be different due to the history of the magnet as flux could be trapped within the solenoid18. Therefore after each hysteresis run the magnet was de-gaussed to reduce pinning in the magnet, before the sample was heated above T\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$_{c}$$\end{document}c to remove any pinning from the sample. The samples were then warmed up, and held at 12 K for 5 min to expel any flux that could be trapped within the sample, before undergoing ZFC again. As the external field H\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$_{ext}$$\end{document}ext is swept it does not stabilise to a specific value so the reported H\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$_{ext}$$\end{document}ext are averages18.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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276,970 |
Significant increases in endogenous levels of vasopressin in the blood have been reported in ageing, both in humans and in animal models (Frolkis et al., 2000; Keck et al., 2000; Johnson et al., 1994). At the BCSFB, vasopressin binds to V1 receptors situated on the CP epithelial cell (CPec) membrane (Faraci et al., 1988). Alongside the subsequent vasoconstriction to decrease CP blood flow and decrease CSF secretion, this binding event can induce a transition towards the formation of dark CP epithelial cells (Sturrock, 1979), observed distinctly in-vitro and in-vivo. Although the study of these dark cells has been limited, they have been shown to occur naturally in-vivo, in the adult mammalian brain of mice, dogs and humans (Liszczak et al., 1986; Dohrmann, 1970). Previous work comparing infant to adult rats have shown increases in the number of dark cells within the BCSFB with age, linked to the aforementioned increase in endogenous vasopressin plasma concentrations with ageing. A more prominent dark cell population modifies hemodynamics and fluid transfer across the BCSFB, i.e. decreasing both perfusion to the CP and CSF secretion rates (Johanson et al., 1999). Therefore, it is possible that the increases in endogenous vasopressin, associated with increased dark cell formation, may contribute to decreases in the reactivity, perfusion, and secretory efficiency of the BCSFB with age. We hypothesised that as a result of the impairment in functionality following the changes in structure and function of the BCSFB, combined with the increased level of endogenous vasopressin within the aged brain, the aged mouse brain will display a decreased magnitude of reactivity towards a vasopressin challenge relative to their strain-matched adult counterparts. Aged mice were shown to have a significant, dramatic reduction, in their reactivity to a vasopressin challenge when compared to adult mice. As such, this finding represents the first demonstration of a differential response of the BCSFB to a pharmacological challenge across different brain states (in this case the aged vs adult mouse brain). It would be interesting to apply the methods to mouse models of neurodegenerative conditions such as AD in future studies.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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212,918 |
Diseased or damaged bone tissue caused by trauma, tumor, or osteoarthritis will lead to significant bone loss [1, 2]. In general, the supply of autografts, allografts, non-metallic and metallic implants is the common approaches for treating bone defects in clinic [3–5]. However, these strategies usually have intrinsic drawbacks, such as the inadequate donors, inflammatory responses, and integration failure [4, 5]. In order to overcome these limitations, bone tissue engineering has been proposed. Stem cells, as an essential part of tissue engineering, have attracted increasing attention due to their strong self-renewal capacity, multilineage differentiation, paracrine effects, anti-inflammatory capacity, and immunomodulatory ability [6, 7]. Although stem cell therapy has become a promising clinical approach , direct injection of stem cells into the target tissues will possibly result in decreasing cell viability, retention, and engraftment, which have largely limited the practical application of stem cell therapy . Instead, the development of designed cell delivery systems has been expected to overcome the above-mentioned limitations. Generally, numerous synthetic or natural biomaterials have been used to construct cell delivery vehicles, such as hyaluronic acid (HA) [9–11], gelatin [12, 13], gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) [14–16], and poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) [17, 18]. Despite many advantages and achievements, these materials are limited and expensive due to the complex processing environment, resource constraints, and poor mechanical property. In contrast, biomass, the reproducible organic materials derived from plants and animals, is fast-growing, abundant, and low-cost. Thus, the development of biomass-based cell delivery vehicles with excellent biocompatibility and favorable mechanical properties for bone defect treatments is still anticipated.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
243,678 |
HCWs felt overcome in this situation. Firstly, because their contamination, and subsequently the contamination of their dear ones were depending on developing high skills regarding proper donning and doffing in short time, which should have been developed in time, by regular trainings; secondly, as it is shown below, because the availability of the personal protective equipment (PPE) during the crisis was under a question mark, and even though they tried to overcome this lack by different practices, like buying PPE on their own, they knew that these necessary combat arms should have been assured by others, by that moment.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
191,137 |
The BMD2 component handles the reading and writing of BMD2 files, which store the model output results. The BMD2 component provides an API for other components, enabling them to efficiently store and load large volumes of data while optimizing the data layout format for subsequent analysis and processing.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
356,790 |
To measure the processing time of our foveated view stitching pipeline, we ran an image stitching process for 100 times: we used 5 levels of pan and tilt angles respectively, and 4 zoom levels per each pair of the pan-tilt angles. Table 2 shows the average processing time for each block. Preprocessing in the table refers to the process required to initialize OpenCV variables. The total computation time of the modeling stage is around 2.18 s, of which about 89% of the time was devoted to the feature detection block. The fact that we neither did limit the number of features to be detected in each camera image nor accelerated the detection algorithm with GPU in the current implementation gives a hint to a potential speed-up of the modeling stage. For example, Bian et al. demonstrated a GPU accelerated detection algorithm, based on SIFT and FLANN matcher similar to ours, could detect 1000 features in tens of milliseconds.
| 2 | 2other
| 0Study
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58,657 |
The C. elegans wild-type Bristol N2 strain, riok-1-mutant VC2676 riok-1(gk1101), tissue-specific RNAi strain NL2099 rrf-3(pk1426), NR222 rde-1(ne219);kzIs9[lin-26p:nls:GFP + lin-26p:rde-1 + rol-6(su1006)], VP303 rde-1(ne219);kbIs7[nhx-2p:rde-1 + rol-6(su1006)], TU3311 uIs60[unc-119p:YFP + unc-119p:sid-1], and p38 MAPK pathway mutants, sek-1(km4), pmk-1(km25), were provided by the Caenorhabditis Genetics Center (CGC). The p38 MAPK gain-of-function mutant nsy-1(ums8) was a gift from Dr. Read Pukkila-Worley (23). riok-1 transcriptional reporter riok-1p:mcherry and translational reporter riok-1p:riok-1:mcherry were generated in this research. The animals were maintained on NGM plates using Escherichia coli strain OP50 as the food source. The A. dhakensis strain AAK1 used in the study was a clinical isolate from a patient with septicemia and necrotizing fasciitis (24). The C. elegans RNAi feeding clones were obtained from Ahringer’s C. elegans RNAi library and were kept in an RNAi vector pL4440 in E. coli strain HT115 (25).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
371,033 |
Effects of ApoE on axon remodeling in white matter and gray matter following CCI. (A) Illustrative images of white matter tracts with DTI. The box represents the ROI of the corpus callosum (CC). The original gray scale FA map was color coded by ImageJ so that the CC could be clearly visible. Scale bar = 5 mm. (B) Representative images and (C) quantification of ipsilateral FA in the CC before and after CCI. White arrows point to the CC. Before injury, no difference was detected in the FA value between APOE−/− and APOE+/+ mice. After injury, in the early phase (3 days postinjury), there was no significant difference between the groups (P > .05), whereas the APOE+/+ group exhibited significantly higher FA values than the APOE−/− group at 28 days postinjury. Scale bar = 5 mm. (D) Representative images and (E) quantification of axon length in the ipsilateral pericontusional cortex before and after CCI. Axons in gray matter were stained with SMI‐32. No difference was detected between the two groups in total axon length. Scale bar = 100 µm. (F) Representative bands and (G) quantitative analysis of GAP43 before injury and at 3 days or 28 days after CCI. Compared with the level in the APOE+/+ group, the GAP43 level was significantly decreased in the APOE−/− group at both 3 and 28 days postinjury (P < .05). N = 6/group. *, P < .05
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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302,176 |
In patients with COPD who smoke, oxidative stress is elevated due to chronic exposure to CS and other toxic air pollutants (9). Epidemiological studies that have explored tobacco smoke exposure in patients with PH showed that ~49% of these patients were smokers, of whom 71% were male. In females, PH was often caused by second-hand (passive) exposure to tobacco smoke (14). Lungs are a common site for oxidative stress due to their oxygen-rich microenvironment and frequent exposure to environmental toxins and pathogens. Chronic cigarette smoking results in the progression of COPD due to excessive endogenous ROS production, both from dysfunction of mitochondrial complexes I and III and persistent activation of inflammatory cytokines. In addition, ROS-generating enzymes, such as NADPH oxidases, xanthine oxidases, and heme peroxidases, promote the infiltration of inflammatory cells inside the airways (15). Another major pathophysiological characteristic of COPD is an imbalance in protease/antiprotease levels. There are three classes of proteases linked with COPD pathology: serine proteases, matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs), and cysteine proteases. Serine proteases are mucus stimulators, which exacerbate airflow obstruction. MMPs degrade protein components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), leading to tissue damage and increased macrophage infiltration, while cysteine proteases, which include caspases, stimulate apoptosis in alveolar epithelial cells (16). Thus, the imbalance is due to excessive neutrophil accumulation, which triggers pulmonary dysfunction.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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117,985 |
On the other hand, persistent GlcCer accumulation in neurons and glial activation causes a continuous chronic inflammation that may contribute to neuronal cell death . For example, Gaucher mouse models generated by CBE treatment showed the presence of neuroinflammation, α-Syn accumulation, synaptic dysfunction and neurodegeneration . Finally, excessive production of free radicals such as nitric oxide by astrocytes and activated microglia in GD can also impact on some of the mitochondrial abnormalities observed in GD models .
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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27,983 |
Fluoropyrimidine 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was initially developed in the 1950’s following the observation that rat hepatomas metabolized uracil more rapidly than other nucleotides, implicating uracil metabolism as a potential antimetabolic target . Today, 5-FU is commonly used in the treatment of a variety of solid tumors such as colorectal, breast, and liver carcinomas . Although nearly six decades have passed since the initial uses of 5-FU as a chemotherapeutic agent, its mechanism of action remains an issue of debate.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
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118,667 |
For the purpose of defined aerosol dilution, the aerosols generated from HINAT-LAU or PIPAC-MIP were passed parallel to a particle-free air flow of about 280 L/min into an atmospheric decoupled flow channel before entering a cascade of two commercial aerosol dilution units (model VKL10, Palas GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany). Afterwards the aerosol passed a bipolar neutraliser (model 3077A, TSI Inc., Shoreview, USA) to improve the charge conditions for analyses. The operated aerosol-analytic instruments received the aerosol samples through a flow splitter. A scanning mobility particle sizing system (SMPS, model 3938, TSI Inc., Shoreview, USA) for differential electrical mobility analysis according to ISO 15900:2009 , composed of a bipolar neutralizer (model 3077a, TSI Inc., Shoreview, USA), a differential electrical mobility analyser (DMA, model 3082, TSI Inc., Shoreview, USA) and a condensation particle counter (CPC3, model 3775, TSI Inc., Shoreview, USA), was operated for the determination of the number-weighted particle size distribution and particle number concentration from 14–723 nm. A time-of-flight spectrometer (APS, model 3321, TSI Inc., Shoreview, USA) was employed for the characterisation of the number-weighted droplet size distribution and the particle number concentration between 0.5–20 µm. Furthermore, an additional condensation particle counter (CPC2, model 3022A, TSI Inc., Shoreview, USA) was used to determine the particle number concentration between 0.006 and 10 µm.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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146,030 |
It is a disorder characterized by an interruption of breathing that disturbs sleep. It is one of the most common diseases among adults, affecting up to 5% of women and 15% of men between the ages of 30 and 60. During an apnea attack, the oxygen concentration in the body can decrease significantly and the carbon dioxide concentration increase. The heart must therefore work harder to compensate for this imbalance. Thus, sleep apnea is considered a fatal disease. Whenever there is an interruption in breathing, the brain sends a signal to wake the person and they start breathing again. These people never manage to get a good night's sleep, and this causes them excessive drowsiness, hypoxemia, and Olten's hypercapnia .
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
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8,951 |
Associations between psychiatric and microbial measures were examined using Kendall’s tau-b correlation coefficient, in conjunction with Benjamini and Hochberg’s False Discovery Rate (FDR) procedure to correct for multiple comparisons . Psychiatric measures included: BAI (anxiety), BDI (depression), EDE-Q (total + subscales for dietary restraint, eating concern, shape concern, and weight concern), PSS (stress), and Mini-IPIP (scales for extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and imagination). Microbial measures included: alpha diversity (Shannon diversity index) and taxa abundance of bacterial groups at the phylum, class, order, family, and genus levels. Linear models were additionally constructed wherein the first two principal coordinates were regressed against each of the psychiatric measures and other participant metadata. The FDR procedure was applied to the number of comparisons per outcome and per taxonomic rank. The α level used was 0.05, but for FDR correction, a more lenient criterion of 0.1 was used . The minimal effect sizes for >80% and >95% power, respectively, are 0.08 and 0.14 at the genus level based on Kendall’s tau-b using simulated data with various degrees of correlation at 10% FDR. All analyses were conducted in R . R scripts are available at: https://github.com/mcbtBINF/healthyCohort/.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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162,008 |
The trend of the number of suicide attempts by month from January 2018 is shown in Figure 2. Given that the period after 23 February 2020 was upgraded to red in the infectious disease crisis level, the number of suicide attempts increased immediately after the pandemic (Figure 2A). As for the number of suicide patients by age, the number of suicide attempts among adolescents and adults increased, and the number of suicide attempts among the elderly decreased immediately after the outbreak of the pandemic (Figure 2D).
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
268,595 |
Finally, we test using TPPs, or continuous-time renewal processes, directly for IDF. The UCI data set is the only one where purchase records with exact timestamps are available. In Table 9, we compare Static and RNN-based models with their continuous time counterparts. Specifically, we train continuous-time models on interdemand times of individual purchase orders instead of the aggregated intermittent demand series. We take forward samples from these models, and aggregate the predicted purchase events in the last 6 time periods. We compare these with the forecast accuracy of samples taken from discrete-time models. Our results yield no evidence in favor of continuous-time models, which appear to be exhibit a similar performance with their discrete-time analogues.
| 2 | 2other
| 0Study
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271,360 |
12-lead ECG Holter monitoring confirmed borderline average rest values of QTc (QTcB 470 ms). However, phases of clear-cut QTc interval prolongation (QTc B: 595 ms at wake-up, and even above 500 ms also with QTcH correction—see Table 1 in supplementary information) were detected during heart rate increase induced by moderate or intense physical activity, during REM sleep, and after sudden cycle length shortening due to supraventricular extrasystoles. Isolate ventricular extrasystoles were also recorded, compatible with early after depolarization mechanism (Fig. 2b–f).
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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3,408 |
Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test (YYIRT) level 1 was performed at the beginning of training session after 10 min of warming. It was used as reference test to determine performance and indirect estimation of maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max) in soccer players [11, 12]. An initial session was completed for 17 players. Other two injured players at the moment of first test, performed YYIRT 2 weeks later. All players wore an nECG shirt 15 min before exercise and the quality of the signal was checked by wireless transmission to a computer located in the field. Subsequently, ECG signal was analyzed using nECG suite software to detect arrhythmias and to determine parameters of heart rate variability (HRV). VO2 max was calculated using the formula: (distance in meters × 0.0084 + 36.4) .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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120,573 |
At least three patients were enrolled for each dose level, and had to have completed concurrent administration of nedaplatin/pemetrexed/radiotherapy without Dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) before escalation to the next dose. If 1 patient experienced DLT, 3 additional patients were accrued. If no more than 1 of the 6 patients experienced DLT, the next three patients were treated at the next higher dose level. If 2 out of 6 patients at a dose level experienced DLT, this level was considered the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). DLT were assessed during chemoradiation and up to 5 weeks after consolidation completion. Dose-limiting toxicities were defined from early and late toxicities as follows: Grade 3/4 hematological toxicity, febrile neutropenia, esophagitis, pneumonitis, or persistent elevation of creatinine, bilirubin and transaminase resulting in preventing treatment, or dosing delay because of toxicity (radiation therapy was delayed by a week or more; the following chemotherapy was delayed by 2 weeks or more, while consolidation therapy was delayed by 4 weeks or more after radiotherapy completion), or late high-grade (>3) bronchopulmonary and esophageal toxicities according to criteria of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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274,328 |
These tasks are similar to the spoken and written sentence comprehension tasks, with the difference that single words are presented, and alongside the target drawing, the three distractors include: one which is phonologically related to the target, one semantically related and one unrelated. There are 15 trials in each task.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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200,360 |
Symbiotic associations between marine invertebrates and microbes are ubiquitous and play an important role in the ecology and evolution of species1–3. In the marine environment, the symbiosis of invertebrates with photoautotrophic microalgae in the photic zone and the symbiosis with chemoautotrophic bacteria, found in extreme habitats such as deep-sea water and hydrothermal vents or cold seeps, are the most widely distributed and well-studied associations1,4. Associations with heterotrophic bacteria are also known, although they are described to a much lesser extent. These are bone-eating polychaete of the genus Osedax with bacteria from the order Oceanespirillales that are known for heterotrophic aerobic degradation of complex organic compounds5, wood-boring mollusks with cellulose-degrading bacteria6, and marine polychaete with N2-fixing Mesorhizobium sp. from an anoxic microbial mat community7.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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276,375 |
Given limited evidence and the expected heterogeneity of studies from study design, patients, and interventions (duration, dosage, and types) and diverse criteria for OAT, it was difficult to quantitatively assess available evidence by conducting a meta-analysis. We cannot get any persuasive results with enough statistical power. Instead, we performed the descriptive analysis of patients, interventions, the study design, and main findings. According to the recommendation from Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, we counted the number of favorable studies and compared it with the number of unfavorable studies (Cumpston et al., 2019). In each study, results were evaluated according to whether the authors found statistically significant evidence regarding the efficacy or safety of PTX. Review questions were determined by the balance of favorable versus unfavorable studies. Two-tailed p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
129,486 |
The average 28-day compressive strength results of the water cured mortar composites are presented in Table 4. The influence of different volume contents of the carbon fibers on the compressive strength of CFRM is graphically shown in Figure 1. The standard error associated with the compressive strength results is also given in this figure. It is obvious from Figure 1 that the compressive strength of the CFRM composite increased with the inclusion of fibers for up to a 3% volume content, and then decreased sharply. Ohama et al. observed a similar effect of the carbon fiber volume content on the compressive strength of cement composites. The compressive strength also dropped in their study beyond the 3% fiber content. However, it should be mentioned that they produced carbon fiber reinforced cement paste, not mortar.
| 1 | 2other
| 0Study
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276,350 |
We observed that muscle fiber conduction velocity remained stable throughout the 10% MVC task in the vastus lateralis, an observation that apparently contradicts the findings of Arendt-Nielsen et al. (1989), who found that “conduction velocity rises as the contraction progresses” for a contraction of the same intensity in the same muscle. This discrepancy may be explained by the fact that, in the case of Arendt-Nielsen et al. (1989), the contraction was maintained for 400s, i.e., almost twice as long as our case, 180s. Therefore, it is tentatively suggested that, in the experiments of Arendt-Nielsen, the increase in conduction velocity started to occur after the third minute of the contraction.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
251,121 |
Upset plots of overlapping genus between datasets in the regular biome for ALS or controls. Upset plots are Venn diagram-like plots. A set refers to a contig that was assigned to a condition from a dataset. Each set is on a row with total amounts in a set as a blue bar plot on the left (ordered by set size). The black histogram on top shows the counts that are in the intersection of sets (a single dot for one dataset or connected dots for overlap of multiple datasets). (A). ALS contigs in the regular bacteriome. (B) Control contigs from the regular bacteriome.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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210,456 |
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene mutation causes CF (Moran, 2017). Using the cystic fibrosis patient-derived organoids model for drug screening and individualized treatment (Berkers et al., 2019) is the first clinical application case of using organoids to guide individualized medication. Johanna F Dekkers et al. used rectal organoids derived from CF patients to test the response of different CFTR-modulating drugs (Dekkers et al., 2016). Kalydeco was considered highly effective and wonder drug for CF patients. However, it was expensive and did not work for all CF patients. Hence, the researchers established intestinal organoids derived from CF patients to test a person’s response to kalydeco quickly and efficiently (Saini, 2016). It was finally determined that the patient population would benefit from specific types of CFTR-modulating drugs, then developed individualized treatment plans for patients. At present, organoid culture has become a routine diagnosis and treatment procedure for CF patients in the Netherlands. Up to August, 12 CF patients have been successfully cured by this method, and this is also the first case of applying the rectal organoid model to guide clinical treatment.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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293,143 |
The results of this study demonstrated a worse prognosis and less sensitivity to adjuvant chemotherapy for stage III MAC compared to stage III AC. This occurred owing to increased chemoresistance-related signaling, including inflammation and EMT, in MAC. EMT signaling increases as cancer progresses in MAC. Further studies on the molecular properties of MAC are needed to develop individualized treatments and overcome resistance to chemotherapy.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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155,396 |
Enhanced SARS-CoV-2 replication, despite the presence of IFN-α2, in the presence of plasma from patients with auto-Abs neutralizing 100 pg/mL IFN-α2. (A) SARS-CoV-2 replication in Huh-7.5 cells untreated (in dark blue), or treated with ~100 pg/mL or ~400 pg/mL IFN-α2 in the presence of 1/100 plasma from healthy controls without auto-Abs (N=3, in blue), from patients with life-threatening COVID-19 but without auto-Abs against IFN-α2 (N=3, in black), a commercial anti–IFN-α2 antibody (mAb, in red); from a patient with life-threatening COVID-19 and auto-Abs neutralizing 10 ng/mL IFN-α2 in plasma 1/100 (COVID-19 AAB+, N=1, in orange), from patients with life-threatening COVID-19 and auto-Abs neutralizing 100 pg/mL IFN-α2 in plasma 1/100 (N=5, in grey); elderly individuals with auto-Abs neutralizing 100 pg/mL IFN-α2 in plasma 1/100 (N=2, in purple). Each dot represents a technical replicate. All experiments were done in triplicate. (B) ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) for auto-Abs against the 13 IFN-α forms, IFN-ω, IFN-β, IFN-ε, and IFN-κ in patients with life-threatening COVID-19 and auto-Abs neutralizing 100 pg/mL IFN-α2 (N=6), APS-1 patient with life-threatening COVID-19 and auto-Abs neutralizing 10 ng/mL IFN-α2 and IFN-ω (N=1), and healthy controls (N=2). (C) RLA after stimulation with the all individual IFN-α at a concentration of 1ng/mL, with 1/10 plasma from a healthy control (negative control), an APS-1 patient (positive control), patients with life-threatening COVID-19 and neutralizing IFN-α2 and/or IFN-ω, or a monoclonal antibody anti-IFN-α2. (D) Neutralization of 10 ng/mL IFN-β in the presence of plasma 1/10 from patients with critical COVID-19 (N=1,773), severe COVID-19 (N=187), or asymptomatic/mild controls (N=1,044).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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319,501 |
We identified 20204 patients who received either dual or monotherapy of a long-acting bronchodilator from 12 studies. Among them, 14449 patients were classified as group B based on the 2017 GOLD classification criteria. Table 1 describes the baseline clinical characteristics of all group B patients and according to the baseline FEV1 level. The GOLD III/IV group accounted for 55.7% (n = 8043) of all study patients. Their mean age was 64.7 years and the mean FEV1 value was 35.1%pred. In the GOLD I/II group, the mean age and mean FEV1 values were 64.6 years and 54.6%pred., respectively. Among the patients who received dual therapy, the number of patients treated with tiotropium/olodaterol was the highest, followed by umeclidinium/vilanterol in both groups. Tiotropium was the most frequently administered bronchodilator monotherapy in both groups.Table 1Baseline characteristics of GOLD group B patients according to FEV1 levelAllGOLD III/IVGOLD I/IINumber of patients1444980436406Age64.7 ± 8.664.7 ± 8.464.6 ± 8.9Male9960 (68.9)5821 (72.4)4139 (64.6)Current smoker6384 (44.23455 (43.0)2929 (45.7)Smoking pack-years46.2 ± 22.244.3 ± 22.248.6 ± 22.0Body mass index26.8 ± 5.826.3 ± 5.827.4 ± 5.8FEV1, L1.2 ± 0.51.0 ± 0.31.5 ± 0.4FEV1, %pred43.8 ± 13.535.1 ± 9.354.6 ± 9.2No of exacerbation in the preceding year 011,778 (81.5)6471 (80.5)5307 (82.8) 12671 (18.5)1572 (19.5)1099 (17.2)Treatment LABA/LAMA Tiotropium/olodaterol4528 (31.3)2510 (31.2)2018 (31.5) Umeclidinium/vilanterol1487 (10.3)796 (9.9)691 (10.8) Glycopyrronium/indacaterol791 (5.5)492 (6.1)299 (4.7) LAMA Tiotropium4869 (33.7)2651 (33.0)2218 (34.6) Glycopyrronium469 (3.2)298 (3.7)171 (2.7) Umeclidinium522 (3.6)289 (3.6)233 (3.6) LABA Indacaterol624 (4.3)411 (5.1)213 (3.3) Olodaterol658 (4.6)331 (4.1)327 (5.1) Vilanterol501 (3.5)265 (3.3)236 (3.7)Data are presented as means ± SD or number (%)FEV1 forced expiratory volume at 1 s, GOLD Global initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease, LABA long-acting beta-2 agonist, LAMA long-acting muscarinic antagonist; %pred. % of the predicted value
| 4 | 0biomedical
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103,084 |
Stimulation of THP-1 cells with HA shown similar overexpression levels of GRP mRNA in non-stimulated and stimulated transfected cells (Fig 8A), while down-regulation of NFkB and TNFα gene expression was observed in HA stimulated THP-1 overexpressing GRP (Fig 8B and 8C). In concordance, decreased levels of secreted TNFα were obtained in transfected cells stimulated with HA when compared to stimulated non-transfected cells (Fig 8D).
| 4 | 0biomedical
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245,916 |
We fully acknowledge the limitation of our results imposed by the small sample size which limits the strength of the conclusions. However, the present cohort represents the 10% of all JIA children followed at our unit over the course of 20 years, which is the percentage reported in other cohorts as well (2, 3).
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308,496 |
Pathogenic variants were found in 19 distinct genes. The genes identified for MAC were KMT2D, MAB2IL2, ALDH1A3; ASDA were KERA, PAX6, MYOC, TGFBI, and SLC4A11; congenital cataract were CRYBB2, EPHA2, HSF4 and BCOR; infantile nystagmus were CACNA1A and FRMD7; and albinism were OCA2, GPR143, HPS6 and SLC38A8 (Table 1).
| 4 | 0biomedical
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106,440 |
Crystals of Hsh49p–Cus1(290–368)p and RRM1–Cus1(290–368)p were grown using the sitting drop vapor diffusion method at 20°C. Protein solution at a concentration of 10–15 mg/mL was mixed with one volume of reservoir solution containing 2.45–2.65 M NaCl in 0.1 M sodium acetate pH 4.8–4.9 for Hsh49p–Cus1(290–368)p or 18% PEG4K, 0.1 M Tris-HCl pH 8.5, 45 mM Li2SO4 for RRM1–Cus1(290–368)p. Crystals suitable for diffraction studies grew within 10 d after streak seeding for Hsh49p–Cus1(290–368)p and 3 d for RRM1–Cus1(290–368)p. A single crystal was transferred to a cryoprotectant solution, which contained the respective reservoir solution and 15%–20% glycerol, prior to flash-cooling by plunging into liquid nitrogen. Crystallographic data were collected at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility beamline ID14-3 for Hsh49p–Cus1(290–368)p and beamline IO2 at Diamond Light Source for RRM1–Cus1(290–368)p. Data were indexed, scaled, and merged using the automated data reduction system xia2 using CCP4, distl, labelit, pointless, scala, and xds (Collaborative Computational Project, Number 4 1994; Evans 2006; Zhang et al. 2006; Kabsch 2010; Winter 2010).
| 4 | 0biomedical
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204,005 |
Penicillium species produce an exceptionally diverse range of secondary metabolites, and a number of these compounds have been shown to be moderately to highly potent toxins. However, the importance of particular Penicillium species as producers of mycotoxins depends as much on the ecology of the species as on the potency of the toxin produced .
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
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386,423 |
On visual inspection, home bases appeared to be clustered in the corners of the arenas and aligned lattice. To better visualise this effect, we projected home base centroids onto the horizontal (XY) plane and generated a bivariate histogram with 25-mm bins (Matlab function histcounts2) which was smoothed using a two-dimensional Gaussian with a standard deviation of 2.5 bins (Matlab imgaussfilt). These top-down maps can be seen in Fig. 4b.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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246,745 |
To further compare the performance of the three GWAS models for epistatic effects (Q + K, Q + 2K, and REMMA), we performed a simulation study. The purpose was to test the hypothesis that the behavior of these models was affected by the relative contribution of the additive and epistatic genetic effects to the phenotypic variance in the data set. For the motivation of the hypothesis, we refer to the Results.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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365,674 |
Ethical and institutional approval were obtained from the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee of the University of KwaZulu-Natal (BE310/15), South Africa. Participants were recruited from the Prince Mshiyeni Hospital, Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa, via written informed consent. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
| 1 | 0biomedical
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338,840 |
The list of mono-exonic genes able to produce sets of sub-exonic circRNAs is very short (two ribozymes, nine snoRNA, one snRNA, one scaRNA, three misc_RNA and three new genes including two ribosomal RNA genes). The production of circular transcripts by ribosomal RNAs has never been properly explored in eukaryotes and this study simply shows that it may not be equal to zero. As is usually the case in circRNA studies, the datasets are derived from the sequencing of total RNAs after depletion of ribosomal sequences. Even more rarely, ncRNA can produce mono-exonic circRNAs (four snoRNAs and two new genes). In a study exclusively dedicated to exonic circRNA, Kaur et al. (2018) already reported exonic circRNAs produced (66–135 nt) by four snoRNA genes in humans. Nevertheless, we suggest it would be wise to avoid rapidly coming to the conclusion that the production of circRNA by mono-exonic genes is marginal: knowledge concerning short non-coding RNA (which are mono-exonic genes) is probably biased by current sequencing techniques and gene annotation .
| 4 | 0biomedical
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56,501 |
Most services were: located within a major city (77%), government-managed (58%). A variety of AOD treatment program types were included: residential rehabilitation/therapeutic community (n = 13, 42%), out-patient counselling (n = 9, 29%), opiate treatment/methadone maintenance (n = 4, 13%), specialist detoxification unit (n = 2, 6%), and other- harm minimisation (n = 2, 6%), other- area health (n = 1, 3%). Staff reported that the most frequently addressed substances by their service were: Heroin and other opioids (82%), Alcohol (82%) and Cannabis (79%).
| 2 | 0biomedical
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31,489 |
Chemotherapy can cause maternal and/or fetal side effects [9–11]. In this article, we review the most current literature describing the effects of chemotherapy on fetal growth restriction in pregnant women with gynecological malignancies, including those of the breast, ovary, and cervix.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
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58,092 |
In order to associate the Li–Si local environments with the altered electrochemical processes and CE behaviors, ex situ MAS 7Li ss-NMR analysis is conducted at different (de)lithiation potentials over cycles under DOD90 and 100% controls (details in Methods under “7Li solid-state NMR spectroscopy”). On the basis of the previous study, the 7Li resonance is assigned as shown in Fig. 3a25: resonance at ~20–10 p.p.m. corresponds to 7Li near small Si clusters; that at 10–0 p.p.m. to larger Si clusters and extended Si networks, isolated Si anions including c-Li3.75Si; and that at –10 p.p.m. to overlithiated crystalline phase c-Li3.75+δSi. These environments are associated with the electrochemical processes in Supplementary Table 5.
| 5 | 0biomedical
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307,091 |
Little evidence exists to guide policymakers on what type of information women would prefer on CC screening, and through what channels they would like to receive it. In addition, little is known on how women’s screening decisions are affected by the information provided to them and whether preferences differ across diverse healthcare systems. Understanding how information on harms and benefits influence participation and whether the timing and preferred source of information changes participation outcomes would be useful for policymakers when designing letters and other written communications inviting women to participate in screening.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
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13,599 |
After learning, we tested the capacity of the network to perform the forward and inverse transformations within one step of a motor command. Subsequently, the simulations of reaching toward targets presented in the within‐reach distance and the out‐of‐reach distance were performed. The proposed mechanism explains the emergence of infant primitive pointing (or reaching) without communicative intentions. The behavior is a mere ‘reaction’ that is not driven by internal intention. The network does not learn how to reach toward a ‘target’; it only acquires the forward and inverse transformations through motor babbling. In the simulation of reaching and pointing, the input of the representation of a visual position instead of a hand position drives the hand toward that location, without the need for any mechanism of intention. To avoid the model's confusion by simultaneous visual representation of the hand and the target, the hand vision was removed during reaching and pointing.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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189,552 |
Some countries showed statistically significant negative excess mortality, likely due to lockdown measures and social distancing decreasing the prevalence of influenza (Kung et al., 2021), as we discuss further below. For example, Australia had −3,700 excess deaths, Uruguay had −2,200 deaths, and New Zealand had −1,900 deaths. In these three cases, the decrease in mortality happened during the southern hemisphere winter season (Figure 2). Similarly, Norway had −1,500 excess deaths, with most of this decrease happening during the 2020/21 winter season. Note that Uruguay had a large COVID outbreak in 2021, but we only have 2020 data available at the time of writing. The statistically significant mortality decrease in Malaysia, Mongolia, and Seychelles may also be related to the lockdown and social distancing measures but does not show clear seasonality, so may possibly also be due to other factors.
| 2 | 0biomedical
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30,512 |
Introgressive patterns and genomic cline analyses of SSR loci were performed using the INTROGRESS package (Gompert & Buerkle, 2010) in R 3.1.2 (R Core Team, 2012). This package identifies each locus that deviates from expectations of neutral introgression using the log likelihood ratio given the observed data, from which a P value for the significance test is calculated. Significant deviations from neutral expectations for genomic clines were adjusted for multiple comparisons using the false discovery rate (FDR; Benjamini & Hochberg, 1995). We then used the clines.plot function to plot the genomic cline of each locus. Additionally, we estimated the hybrid index for the admixed individuals using functions est.h and mk.image to provide a clear visualization of the variation in introgression and ancestry across loci and for each of the admixed individuals (Gompert & Buerkle, 2010). Ligularia duciformis, L. paradoxa and L. ×maoniushanensis are recognized as homozygotes (Ad/Ad, Ap/Ap) or heterozygote (Ad/Ap) genotypes, respectively.
| 4 | 0biomedical
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182,692 |
The number of detected leaflets in the RAV was found to affect the relative position of the valve components. The supero-septal commissure was located on the septal side of the right atrium in proximity to the apex of Koch’s triangle, and its location was the most stable point within the RAV circumference. Its position remained unchanged when comparing the 3- and 4-leaflet heart valves (Table 1, p > 0.05). In all examined hearts, the supero-septal commissure was located on the left-superior side of the ostium of the coronary sinus (Figure 1). The supero-septal commissure was never present within the vestibule of the right atrial appendage. This contrasted with the location of the supero-mural commissure, which was always found in the vestibule’s middle sector. We observed a strong positive correlation between the length of the supero-septal commissure and the distance between the commissure and the ostium of the coronary sinus (r = 0.51, p < 0.001). No association was detected between the distance from the commissure to the ostium of the coronary sinus and the septal leaflet length (r = 0.12, p = 0.31).
| 5 | 0biomedical
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126,742 |
The evolution of language has developed more or less distinct frontotemporal modules for phonological, syntactic, and lexical processing, combined with highly automatized action and motor control mechanisms, in synergy with elaborated perceptual pattern recognition mechanisms around the auditory system. Although the DLPFC is a superordinate control instance for all kinds of tasks, it seems remarkable that the language network can largely operate without this instance in many linguistic tasks, which may argue in favor of a modular structure of the brain in which language has been “outsourced” to some extent, maybe as a particular kind of modality. As soon as, however, language is used in real situations with ecological relevance, the cognitive perception/action control mechanisms of real situations become engaged. So the functions of the DLPFC in language processing largely resemble its functions in the non-language domain, depending on the content and relevance of language-coded information for an individual’s situation in which language is being used. So far, only few studies on language processing have considered these functions of the DLPFC, maybe because most of them relied on simplified laboratory conditions where language usage did not have any major ecological relevance for the subjects’ real life. In natural communication, language is used as a tool to achieve non-language targets such as exchanging information about the world, expressing a personal demand or feelings, convincing somebody of something, defending one’s own opinion, or just to keep contact with somebody. Thus, linguistic processing is continuously interacting with non-linguistic scene information that must be integrated. It seems as if in such cases, when “extraneous” information becomes task-relevant, the DLPFC is active (Diachek et al., 2020).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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335,064 |
Measured biological dosimetric margin (BDM) and physical dosimetric margin (PDM) (the margin corresponding to the 90% coverage of the planned D 98% of clinical target volume [CTV] with biological equivalent dose [BED] and physical dose [PD] distribution) at the dose per fraction (DPF) of 3–20 Gy with α/β = 10 Gy in (a) LR, (b) AP, and (c) CC directions. AP, anterior‐posterior; CC, cranio‐caudal; LR, left‐right.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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388,940 |
Effect of CME on the expression and activity of MMP-9 in MDA-MB-231 cells. Cells were treated with various concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 μg/ml) of CME for 48 h. Cell pellets and the conditioned serum-free medium were collected. (A) qPCR assessment of the mRNA expression of MMP-9. (B) Western blot assessment of the protein expression of MMP-9. (C) Gelatin zymography was employed to analyze the activity of MMP-9. Activity of MMP-9 was quantified by densitometric analysis. Results are presented as the means ± SD from three independent experiments. *P < 0.05 and ***P < 0.001 vs. control.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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176,902 |
The primary adjuvant treatment for ovarian cancer has advanced from chemotherapy to targeted molecular therapy . Recently, immunotherapies, such as vaccination, adoptive cellular therapy, and checkpoint inhibitors, have become an attractive therapeutic strategy . Although immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies such as cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) and programmed death-1/ligand1 (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitors showed promising antitumor effects in many cancers, they only exhibited a partial response and poor clinical efficacy in advanced OC [7, 8]. An increasing number of studies have found that the weakness of immunotherapy is dominantly due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) . Therefore, in order to improve the efficacy of immunotherapies for OC, there is an urgent need for a more comprehensive understanding of immune-related gene expression and immunocyte infiltration in respect to the disease.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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303,918 |
Since all three pathways act through AC020907.1, Y_RNA, TMEM72‐AS1, KRT16P2, DLX6‐AS1, AP002414.1, hsa‐miR‐424, TBPL1, NPAS2, and CRY2, these genes could serve as potential therapeutic targets for malignant glioma. Knockdown of hsa‐miR‐424 or overexpression of AC020907.1, Y_RNA, TMEM72‐AS1, KRT16P2, DLX6‐AS1, AP002414.1, and TBPL1 could regulate these three pathways to suppress malignant glioma tumorigenesis and progression.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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311,274 |
For the reconstruction of the position of the Bragg Peak, it has been used an acoustic source localization method based on the measurement of the DTOA (different time of arrival) of the acoustic signal between each pair of hydrophones. This analysis has been implemented following the previous studies where it is explained the processing techniques to detect the arrival time, details of the location algorithm and the principles of resolution method of the resulting nonlinear system equation. However, in this case, it has been used a more robust version of Newton-Rapson method that ensures the convergence of the method .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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346,408 |
Nevertheless, many challenges have hindered the detailed study of human mucosal mast cells at the site of the disease (i.e., GI tissues). Examples of such problems include the sparse distribution of gut mast cells, making it difficult to obtain sufficient numbers for many studies. Indeed, isolation of these cells for in vitro analysis requires enzymatic and mechanical tissue dispersion, processes that likely change the intrinsic activities of the cells. Moreover, in vitro studies may not recapitulate mast cell actions in situ, as these cells’ responses to microenvironmental cues can change their phenotype and function (73, 74). Due to these limitations, it has become common to evaluate instead the responses of skin mast cells, which can be conveniently studied in situ (5).
| 4 | 0biomedical
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282,184 |
Pedicels were cut halfway between the abscission zone and the fruit, corresponding to the pedicel’s smallest diameter point, using two razor blades taped on both sides of a microscope slide. This allowed freehand cutting of reasonably thin sections that were directly stained with 0.05% toluidine blue for approximately 5 minutes. Sections were briefly rinsed with distilled water and observed under an Olympus BX53 light microscope (Olympus Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) using an imaging software (cellSens Standard 1.6, Olympus, http://www.olympus-global.com (accessed on 10 May 2021)). Images were edited for brightness, sharpness and color balance using Adobe Photoshop (Adode Inc., 151 South Almaden Boulevard, San Jose, CA, USA). Size and area measurements of cut biological material were done using the Fiji distribution of the ImageJ software . At least 20 pedicels from five individual plants per line were observed.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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264,131 |
Interestingly, our further analysis identified that antihypertensive drugs might improve PFS of colorectal cancer patients, especially for ACEI/ARB users, which is similar to the recent published meta-analysis, which suggested that ACEI/ARB improved OS of colorectal cancer patients (Zhou et al., 2020). Actually, in our pooled analysis with more included studies, the usage of ACEI/ARB was not associated with risk and OS of colorectal cancer, which is consistent with the study of Sipahi et al., which concluded that the usage of ACEI did not affect the risk or survival of patients with cancer through a meta-analysis of 10 RCTs and 59,004 patients (Sipahi et al., 2010). Previous studies indicated that ACEI/ARB affected cancer prognosis by suppressing cancer proliferation and angiogenesis, and promoting cell apoptosis (Ager et al., 2008; George et al., 2010). A review summarized ACEI/ARB presented a potential effect in colorectal cancer by inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor and insulin-like growth factor 1, and the usage of ACEI suppressed the development and metastasis of colorectal cancer (Asgharzadeh et al., 2018). In addition, a potential indirect antitumor mechanism of ACEI/ARB was found to enhance the delivery of antitumor drugs into tumor tissues (Maeda et al., 2013). Consistent with our results, McMenamin and colleagues conducted a systematic review and proposed that ACEI or ARB use might improve outcome of colorectal cancer patients (Mc Menamin Ú et al., 2012). Besides, usage of ACEI/ARB significantly increased the rate of pathological complete regression after neoadjuvant treatment in rectal cancer (Morris et al., 2016). Therefore, the ACEI/ARB use for colorectal cancer patients with hypertension might be suggested.
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
260,591 |
Compile the host computer software and write the Bluetooth protocol communication to realize the use of flexible data gloves to control the rehabilitation training gloves. Realize palm-opening, fist-making, and finger-to-finger training are shown in Figure 19.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
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351,722 |
GH and IGF1 were measured using chemiluminescent immunometric assays (Immulite 2000, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany). The standard for GH was IS 80/505 until 2010 and IS 98/574 afterwards. The standard for IGF1 was IS 02/254. Inter and intra-assay coefficients of variation were below 5% for both assays.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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147,846 |
In 2019, heterozygous STUB1 mutations identified in patients with ataxia uncovered a new classification of autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia, SCA48 . To date, 19 different CHIP mutations have been identified in SCA48 patients . SCA48-associated disease mutations are limited to the TPR and U-box domain in CHIP with one exception; a nonsense mutation (p.R225*) at the end of the coiled-coil domain that results in the deletion of the entire U-box domain . A recent study identified an increase in tau and α-synuclein aggregates in cells transfected with SCA48-associated CHIP-G278fs mutation . While the disease-causing CHIP mutations of the dominant and recessive forms of spinocerebellar ataxias mostly differ, there are common mutations in both diseases. However, the mechanism behind the dominant heterozygous CHIP mutations that cause SCA48 is unknown. One compelling explanation is that these mutations mimic haploinsufficiency, which may explain the late onset of disease that has been seen in SCA48 patients .
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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383,764 |
Site-specific mutagenesis can be performed using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology, which has the advantage that it equally targets all loci . Although Cas9 is the most studied CRISPR associated protein, multiple CRISPR/Cas subtypes exist within prokaryotic organisms . The CRISPR/Cas9 system evolved as an adaptive immune system within bacteria and archaea, employing a trans-acting CRISPR RNA: CRISPR RNA (tracrRNA:crRNA) duplex to target and destroy pathogenic DNA . When performing genomic experiments, a fusion of the tracrRNA:crRNA duplex, known as a single-guide RNA (sgRNA) may be used. CRISPR/Cas9 knockouts are achieved through the generation of sgRNA targeted double-stranded DNA breaks, which, following error-prone non-homologous end joining, lead to the generation of null phenotypes (Fig. 2: CRISPR/Cas9 Knockout) [60, 61]. In 2019, receptors for both encephalomyocarditis virus and human cytomegalovirus (HMCV) were identified using genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screens with the GeCKOv2 sgRNA library. The library targets 19,050 genes with six sgRNAs per gene [62–64]. To identify receptors specifically required for HMCV infection in epithelial cells, Xiaofei et al. performed parallel CRISPR/Cas9 screens in ARPE-19 epithelial cells and HEL fibroblasts . The multipass membrane protein, OR14I1, was identified as an initial hit exclusive to the epithelial cell screen, and validated as a viral receptor by shRNA knockdown followed by ectopic expression rescue, neutralisation, virus blocking and virus entry assays. Two identical CRISPR/Cas9 screens within HeLa cells identified nine initial hits associated with encephalomyocarditis virus infection in replicate pools. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase nine domain (ADAM9) was the most significant hit with all six sgRNAs being significantly enriched. ADAM9 knockouts were also shown to be resistant to virus infection in both primary lung fibroblasts (pLF) from mice and HEK293T cells. ADAM9 was confirmed to function as an entry receptor through the use of RNA bypass assays. In addition, ADAM9 was independently identified as a receptor for encephalomyocarditis virus, using genetrap mutagenesis screening in haploid cells . This shows that genetic knockout screening is a robust technique for receptor identification (Table 1).Fig. 2Schematic representation of CRISPR/Cas9, CRISPR/Cas9 nickase, and CRISPR/Cas9 FOKI genetic knockout mechanism. CRISPR/Cas9 genetic knockout: the CRISPR/Cas9 complex is first formed by combining an sgRNA and a Cas9 endonuclease. The sgRNA then guides the CRISPR/Cas9 complex to a specific region of the genomic DNA, and a double-stranded DNA break is induced by the Cas9 endonuclease. The double-stranded DNA break is then repaired non-homologously by the host cell, leading to the formation of insertions or deletions, which disrupt the open reading frame of the gene. CRISPR/Cas9 nickase genetic knockout: two CRISPR/Cas9 nickase complexes are formed with two separated sgRNAs and mutated Cas9 nickase endonucleases. The sgRNAs then guide the CRISPR/Cas9 complexes to specific regions of the genomic DNA, and two single-stranded DNA breaks are induced by the Cas9 endonucleases, forming a staggered double-stranded break. The double-stranded DNA break is then repaired non-homologously by the host cell. CRISPR/Cas9 FOKI genetic knockout: Two CRISPR/Cas9 FOKI complexes are formed with two separated sgRNAs and mutated dead Cas9 fused with the endonuclease FOKI. The sgRNAs then guide the CRISPR/Cas9 complexes to specific regions of the genomic DNA and the FOKI units dimerise. The FOKI dimer then induces a double-stranded DNA break which is repaired non-homologouslyTable 1Examples of identified cellular receptors with the identification method usedVirusIdentified receptorIdentification methodReferencesSindbis virusNRAMPRNAi screeningEpstein–Barr virusEphrin receptor A2RNAi screeningEbolavirusNiemann–Pick C1Random insertional mutagenesis in Haploid cellsAdeno-associated virus (AAV) serotype 2KIAA0319LRandom insertional mutagenesis in Haploid cellsLassa virusLAMP1Random insertional mutagenesis in Haploid cellsHuman-type A enteroviruseskremen1Random insertional mutagenesis in Haploid cellsNRP2Lujo virusRandom insertional mutagenesis in Haploid cellsEncephalomyocarditis virusADAM9CRISPR/Cas9 screeningHuman cytomegalovirusOR14I1CRISPR/Cas9 screeningNorovirusCD300IfCRISPR/Cas9 screening[69, 70]Arthritogenic alphavirusesMxra8CRISPR/Cas9 screeningAndes virus and Sin Nombre virusProtocadherinCRISPR/Cas9 screeningEnterovirus BNeonatal Fc receptorCRISPR/Cas9 screeningBat influenza virusHuman leukocyte antigen DR isotypeCRISPR/Cas9 screeningHepatitis C virusClaudin-1 and occludincDNA libraries[8, 10]Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirusSINAL10cDNA librariesHuman cytomegalovirusCD147cDNA librariesJapanese encephalitis virusHsp70VOPBAOld World arenavirusesα-DystroglycanVOPBAHuman cytomegalovirusNrp2 and PDGFRaProtein microarraysNew world arenavirusesTransferrin receptorAffinity capture mass spectrometryNipah virusEphrin B2Affinity capture mass spectrometryJapanese encephalitis virusPLVAP and GKN3Affinity purification–mass spectrometryVaccinina virusAXL, M6PR, DAG1, CSPG4 and CDH13Cross-linked mass spectrometry
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91,859 |
Degenerative changes in a patient’s dopaminergic pathways may also account for a suboptimal effect of antipsychotic treatment. Chronic amphetamine abuse is known to cause enduring structural and functional changes in dopaminergic systems, which reduces the efficacy of antipsychotic medications . Lieberman and colleagues also highlighted that 30 to 60 % of patients with schizophrenia develop increasing resistance to standard antipsychotic medication over the natural course of their illness for reasons that are poorly understood but may involve sensitization to dopamine or degeneration of dopamine neurocircuitry. Genetic polymorphisms in dopaminergic receptors and transporters have also been identified as risk factors for ADHD and schizophrenia and are thought to contribute to the dysfunctional dopamine signaling underlying these illnesses [28, 29]. Moreover, this is the major signaling system targeted by antipsychotic drugs. Of interest, our patient’s father had comorbid ADHD and manic psychotic disorder, and our patient’s male sibling had major depression and binge eating disorder. Taken together, this suggests a strong genetic contribution of dysfunctional dopaminergic signaling to account for our patient’s psychiatric illnesses, as well as the refractory nature of his psychosis to treatment.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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242,175 |
The rats used to assess hemostatic performance were divided into five groups, each group contains three rats. Every group of rats took normal feed and water without restriction. The rats were anesthetized by intramuscular injection with 1% pentobarbital sodium. The dorsal area of the rats was depilated and cleaned with alcohol. A wound of 1 cm2 was produced by excising the skin of the rat. The rats with bare wounds were used as a negative control, and the other rats with the wounds were covered with CaCO3 and CS–CaCO3 to measure the wound healing property of the novel material. After covering the materials, the rats were returned individually in cages under normal room temperature. The covering materials were changed at day 1, 2, and 3, and the wound area was measured with a ruler and photographs were taken. The rats were recovered in 2 weeks to be used for evaluating wound-healing properties of the CaCO3, and CS–CaCO3.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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307,888 |
Human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells (provided from Dr. Marie-Claude Potier) were purchased from ATCC, regularly mycoplasma test performed by the CELIS core facility of ICM. For the immunoprecipitation experiments, HEK293in 10 cm dish (70% confluent) were transfected with pCDNA3-MmApp-FLAG-IRES-eGFP, pCDNA3-mAPPΔCRD-FLAG-IRES-eGFP, pCDNA3-Wnt5a-myc, pCDNA-Wnt3A-V5 or co-transfected APP or APPΔCRD with Wnt3a or Wnt5a. Three days after transfection, cells were collected with NP-40 lysis buffer, then sample supernatant was collected after >12000 rpm centrifugation for 20 min at 4°C, 450 µl supernatant was incubated with primary antibody overnight at 4°C, then Protein G sepharose beads (Thermo Fisher Scientific) were added to the sample to capture protein-antibody complex by rotating 2 hr at room temperature, then washed four times with the lysis buffer, and resuspended with loading buffer then denatured at 95 degree for 10 min, blots visualized after western blot procedure as described before.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
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360,849 |
Cohort 1: Patients who were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in the emergency department of our hospital between January 01 and April 24, 2020 were screened for elevated liver enzymes. Patients were assigned to three groups according to the highest measured value of alanine aminotransferase (ALT):
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
42,518 |
To investigate whether exposure in ORM had any effect on viral susceptibility, FCV was first suspended in DMEM with and without 10% FBS, thought to aid protection against ROS (Grzelak et al. 2001). Results (Fig. 3) demonstrated near complete reduction in infectivity of a 105 PFU mL−1 population after a dose of 421 J cm−2. As can be seen in Fig. 3, slightly greater inactivation occurred when FCV was suspended in DMEM without the FBS serum additive; however, no significant difference was seen between the inactivation kinetics. As the inactivation dose of 421 J cm−2 is 85% less than that required for a similar level of inactivation in MM, it is likely that components of the ORM are influencing FCV inactivation. A study investigating the susceptibility of bacteriophage ϕC31 (Tomb et al. 2014) demonstrated similar results to those of the current study: little inactivation was observed when exposed in a simple salt solution; however, susceptibility was significantly enhanced when suspended in a nutrient-rich medium, with a 5.4 Log10 reduction of ϕC31 achieved after exposure to 510 J cm−2. This was hypothesised to be due to the complex protein and amino acid-rich composition of the nutrient-rich medium, suggesting that some components could be photosensitive and when exposed to 405 nm light in the presence of oxygen, would produce ROS, damaging the bacteriophage (Tomb et al. 2014). This same phenomenon is likely to account for the enhanced inactivation of FCV when suspended in DMEM and 10% FBS-DMEM, as these contain a complex mixture of amino acids, vitamins and sugar, which have the potential to absorb 405 nm light (Fig. 5) and act as photosensitisers.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
271,843 |
In a number of cases, it has been highlighted that cryotherapy and topical immunomodulators may be useful for the management of CM of BC, possibly by eliciting improved responses to traditional systemic chemotherapy, as may emerging therapies including targeted agents and immune-checkpoint blockers. Trials evaluating combination therapy in metastatic melanoma (NCT03276832) are ongoing. Clinical and correlative studies to develop a therapeutic protocol for CM of BC based on these observations are underway .
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
146,947 |
The morphology and size of CeO2NPs were observed by Field emission transmission electron microscopy (FE-TEM). Figure 1A showed the higher resolution images of CeO2NPs that presented in lattice form (3–5 nm). The lattice fringes with d spacing of 3 Å and the distance between the (111) lattice planes of CeO2 are corresponding with the previously report (Fig. 1B) . Our TEM (transmission electron microscopy) analysis confirmed the deposition of CeO2NPs in the placenta tissue of exposed gestational mice. CeO2NPs were identified in the placental trophoblast cells of both 5 and 7.5 mg kg−1 day−1 CeO2NPs exposed groups, while no particle-like structures were observed in the dose groups below 5 mg kg−1 day−1 (Fig. 1C–H). The effects of different doses of CeO2NPs on the pregnancy process were assessed in detail. First, animal model of pregnant mice was constructed by tail vein injection with different doses of CeO2NPs (2.5, 4, 5,7.5 and 10 mg kg−1 day−1). Pregnant mice died after intravenous injection of CeO2NPs (10 mg kg−1) once a day on GD5 (gestational day 5) and GD6, indicating that 10 mg kg−1 day−1 CeO2NPs exposure was lethal. Then, pregnancy status of mice were observed. We calculated the uterine and maternal body weight on GD8, GD9, GD10, and GD12, on which are the key periods of placental development in first trimester mice. The results showed that the uterine weight and uterine organ coefficient of mice exposed to CeO2NPs had no significant difference compared with that in control group (Additional file 1: Figure S1A–C). There was no significant difference on uterine appearance among the groups on GD8 and GD9 (Additional file 1: Figure S1D). However, local bleeding on the embryo surface was found on GD10 response to CeO2NPs exposure (even 4 mg kg−1 day−1) (Fig. 1I). Embryo reabsorption with uterine bleeding and abnormal placenta development were observed in CeO2NPs treatment groups on GD12 (Fig. 1J). These results confirmed that a certain dose of CeO2NPs exposure would result in an adverse effect on pregnancy.Fig. 1Effects of CeO2NPs exposure on pregnancy status in mice. The morphology and size of CeO2NPs. A High-resolution FE-TEM images of CeO2NPs (Scale bar = 10 nm). B Lattice fringes characteristics of CeO2NPs (Scale bar = 2 nm). Deposition of CeO2NPs in placental tissue on GD12 observed by TEM. TEM images of placental tissue of control group (C, F), 5 mg kg−1 day−1 CeO2NPs-exposed group (D, G), 7.5 mg kg−1 day−1 CeO2NPs-exposed group (E, H) on GD12 (Upper scale bar = 1 μm, lower scale bar = 200 nm). N: nucleus, red arrows show cerium dioxide nanoparticles. I The uterine appearance on GD10 and GD12 (n = 7, Scale bar = 1 cm). Red arrow indicates embryo absorption with severe uterine bleeding and blue arrow indicates abnormal placenta development on GD12. J Representative images of embryo and placentas respectively collected on GD10 and GD12 (n = 7, Scale bar = 1 cm). Black arrow indicates abnormal bleeding of embryo on GD10, red and blue arrow respectively indicate embryo with hemorrhage and stunted placenta
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
370,334 |
Owing to several limitations, the meta‐analyses and their primary studies have boundaries of applicability. These limitations influence the strength of associations and are key targets for future research. We discuss these for observational and intervention studies separately.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
89,380 |
Prior to vaccine therapy the patients had standard evaluations including physical examination, clinical and biochemical blood tests, chest X-ray, ECG, ultrasound of peripheral lymph nodes, chest and abdominal CT scan, brain MRI. Blood and serum samples were drawn before the start and at the end of vaccine therapy for PBMC immunophenotype evaluation and serum cytokine assays. The reference group included 30 healthy volunteers for immunologic control.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
301,222 |
Path diagram of the research framework. Measured items are illustrated in rectangles (eg, B1_1); latent variables are illustrated in ovals (eg, PU); smaller circles illustrate the error of measurement (eg, e1); associations are illustrated by arrows that indicate the direction of prediction. Factor loadings are noted next to the items. Coefficients are noted for each association (ie, directional arrow). AU: attitude toward use; BI: behavioral intention to use; CE: computer self-efficacy; HL: health literacy; PE: perceived ease of use; PS: privacy and security; PU: perceived usefulness.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
7,152 |
HIV-1-serodiscordant couples were enrolled from an outpatient clinic at the Emílio Ribas Infectious Diseases Institute in São Paulo, from the Ambulatory Service (ADEE/3002) of the Department of Secondary Immunodeficiency Clinic of the Clinical Hospital, University of São Paulo Medical School (HC/FMUSP) and from the Reference Center and Treatment in STD-AIDS in São Paulo, Brazil. ESN individuals (n = 20), HIV-1-infected partners of ESN individuals (n = 20), and healthy donors not infected with HIV-1 (n = 20) were enrolled in this study. A mean relationship duration of 13 years with a single partner was reported by homosexual (n = 6) and heterosexual (n = 14) couples. Couples reported participating in vaginal, anal and oral sex, including 5 episodes of unprotected sexual intercourse at a frequency of 3–4 times per month28, 29. Inclusion criteria consisted of an age over 18 years, reported participation in unprotected sex and having a single partner for over 1 year. The ESN cohort was seronegative at the studied time point. All HIV-1-infected individuals were receiving ART, and detectable viral loads (VLs) were found in 4/20 individuals. Exclusion criteria consisted of the use of immunosuppressant or immune-modifying drugs and pregnancy. This study was approved by the São Paulo University Institutional Use Committee (CAPPesq n° 0683/09), and informed consent was obtained from all subjects. All experimental protocols within this study were performed in accordance with the Ethics Committee of this institution.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
100,513 |
The useful application of PPIs prediction method is the capability of predicting PPIs networks. Our method predicts three important PPI networks assembled by PPIs pairwise. The one-core network of CD9 is the simplest network, which is an important tetraspanin protein . The result reveals that 14 of all 16 PPIs could be identified by our method, and accuracy is 87.50 %. Comparing to Shen’s work , accuracy of our method is raised 6.25 %. Results are shown in Fig. 3, and the dark blue lines are true prediction, and red lines are false prediction. Fig. 3An one-core network for the CD9 network
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
205,698 |
Analysis of transcriptional regulatory network. (a) Visualization of key regulons in regulatory networks. The node size indicates the number of target genes associated with corresponding transcription factor. The edge size indicates the weight of the connection. (b) Binary active heatmap (left) shows the activity of regulons in each cell. The color in black is active and in white is inactive. The number of target genes is given in parentheses next to each regulon. The enriched motif logos are shown in right. (c) Cell clustering based on regulon activity scores. (d) Binary active distribution of regulons. The states of regulons in each cell are indicated in dark blue (active) and gray (inactive). The histograms show the distribution of regulon active scores. (e) Dynamic expressions of ID1, ID2, and ID3 in ovaries at different developmental stages (E17.5, P0.5, and P2.5). Germ cell cysts are circled with red dashed lines and oocytes in follicles are labeled with red arrows. Bars = 50 µm. (f) Network of transcription factor and target genes in Id2 regulons. The depth of the color represents the number of connections
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
67,590 |
Cognitive tests are conducted at baseline, after 160 weeks and at planned end of follow-up (or at permanent treatment-discontinuation). To be eligible for cognitive testing in this substudy, participants need to live in a country that have a native language built on the Latin alphabet, due to psychometric test-battery validation. Participants are included in the analysis data-set of the CAROLINA®-cognition substudy of baseline data if they are randomised and treated with at least one dose of study drug and have at least one valid cognitive assessment at baseline and documented years of formal education. For the analyses of follow-up data in addition at least one valid cognitive assessment during follow-up and baseline Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score ≥ 24 is required as illustrated in Fig. 1. An overview of the CAROLINA cognition substudy according to the "SPIRIT checklist" is provided in Additional file 1.Fig. 1overview design CAROLINA®-cognition substudy. Abbreviations: FU: follow-up, A&E score: Attention and Executive functioning score, MMSE: Mini Mental State Examination, VFT: Verbal Fluency Test, TMT: Trail Making Test, CES-D: Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
320,037 |
The study showed that the interest in plants and animals, and especially zoo animals, strongly decreases during the education period. Especially high school students show a particularly low interest in these topics compared to other areas such as health or environmental protection. This is consistent with the results of previous studies that found a decline in the human–nature relationship for this age group (Hughes et al., 2019). It is therefore particularly rewarding to offer environmental education programs with a focus on animals and plants for this age group of students.
| 2 | 2other
| 0Study
|
374,514 |
Second, legumes, including beans, are among the lowest glycemic index foods [34, 35]. In short, compared to other carbohydrate-rich foods, blood sugar levels increase less with the consumption of beans. They are often recommended to improve glycemic control [36, 37]. Several studies indicate that diets based on low glycemic foods, including beans, produce significant weight loss and reductions in abdominal obesity [11, 38, 39].
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
36,545 |
The G protein α subunit is a molecular on/off switch for signaling processes. As such, it is likely to be a critical target for post-translational modifications that regulate GPCR signaling. In fact, several studies have shown that Gα proteins are phosphorylated, resulting in altered affinity for Gβγ subunits or guanine nucleotides [12–20]. In some cases, phosphorylation is the direct result of pathway activation, and thus constitutes a positive or negative feedback. In other cases, phosphorylation is triggered by parallel pathways, and thus constitutes a mechanism of signal coordination or cross-talk. Previously, we showed that Gα is phosphorylated in response to nutrient limitation . Our focus here is Gα regulation by osmotic stress.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
267,339 |
P. acaciae is a stem hemiparasitic evergreen plant starting its life cycle from the deposition of viable seeds by birds on branches of the woody host plant species. After germination and contact of the hypocotyl – radix complex with the host substrate a holdfast is formed, which develops into the haustorium establishing the structural and physiological continuity with the host tissue (Rödl and Ward, 2002). Secondary haustoria are produced on the runners of Plicosepalus spp., as they spread over the host branches (Qasem, 2009). P. acaciae accesses water as well as nutrients (through passive uptake) from the host. Indeed, the nitrogen status of P. acaciae was found to be dependent on that of its acacia host (Bowie and Ward, 2004). According to Qasem (2009), the life span of the species is 6–7 years. In its native areas, P. acaciae has a long flowering period of about 10 months, from June to April of the following year. During this period, some plant individuals flower twice while others are at the flowering stage for the entire period (Vaknin et al., 1996). Flowers are pollinated by a wide spectrum of insects, mainly bees, and birds, with the orange‐tufted sunbird (Nectarinia osea osea) being the main pollinator in the winter flowering time (Vaknin et al., 1996). P. acaciae produces single‐seeded red berries that are eaten by birds, which then disperse the seeds. No other mechanisms of spread have been reported. An investigation in the Arava valley, Israel, found that Pycnonotus xanthopygos was the sole avian visitor being observed feeding on P. acaciae fruit (Green et al., 2009). These birds swallow the whole berries leaving the seeds viable, which are covered in a sticky substance (viscin). When the birds defecate perching on branches of trees and shrubs, the seeds become attached with the viscin (Green et al., 2009). The sticky seeds may also be dispersed by birds when they wipe their bills on branches (Qasem, 2009). P. xanthopygos is the only bird reported to distribute the seeds. If no other bird species present in the EU would disseminate P. acaciae, spread by natural means would not be possible. P. acaciae has also been found on halophytic host plants (e.g. Atriplex halimus, Tamarix spp.) growing in saline substrates and has been classified as a facultative euhalophyte, which increases its halo‐succulence according to the host (Veste et al., 2015). P. acaciae is used in its native range as traditional medicine for treatment of variable diseases due to its antimicrobial activity (Elegami et al., 2001; Badr et al., 2013).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
179,738 |
When estimating YLL we used an aspirational approach, which assigns higher values of life expectancy than those currently achieved in Scotland . Not only is it important for assessing the burden of disease overall in Scotland, but retaining this approach is important from an inequalities perspective. This ensures that we highlight the extent of inequalities relative to what could be achieved, rather than just what has recently been estimated for Scotland.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
346,609 |
The molecular docking studies were performed following the previously described protocol and processed with a PyRx virtual screening tool merged with Autodock VINA software (version 0.8, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA). Discovery studio visualizer version v19.1.0.18287 (BIOVIA, San Diego, CA, USA) was further employed to graphically illustrate the docking results.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
18,296 |
Participants were asked to fill in an online survey (Need for Cognitive Closure Scale and demographic variables) before coming to the laboratory. In the laboratory, they were asked to complete a dual-tasking procedure in either mono-tasking or dual-tasking condition. After completing the task and answering the two strategy items, participants performed the n-back task. Then they were debriefed and thanked. All computer tasks were displayed on 19 inches LCD monitors. The dual-task was programmed in JavaScript. The n-back task was programmed and run with Inquisit 4.0.
| 2 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
40,454 |
An in depth analysis of the potential functions of miR-330-3p through the evaluation of its previously experimentally validated target genes, revealed that miR-330-3p targets two components of beta-cell function and proliferation machinery: E2F1 and CDC42 (Table 4) (31, 32). Both identified genes are involved in beta-cell growth and proliferation being activators of a series of proteins involved in cell cycle activation and cellular growth; interaction network analysis (Figures 5 and 6) shows all the previously dema consistent and significant number of interactions are toward factors highly involved in proliferation. However, the interaction network analysis revealed that several other interacting genes have been demonstrated to control beta-cell phenotype maintenance, such as KAT2B, CDH1, SIRT1, and PAK1 (Figures 5 and 6, highlighted in red). Furthermore, beside their role in cellular growth and proliferation, both E2F1 and CDC42 have been also demonstrated to be involved in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, being prevalently involved in first- and second-phase insulin release, respectively (33–36).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
219,808 |
Analysis of sulforaphane-dtBHQ dosing curves and combination treatment data by the DE/ZI method. The actual effects are shown in black and replotted from Figure 3C. DE/ZI predicted additive effects interpolated from the sulforaphane dosing curve are shown in (A) in red and in blue in (B) for those predicted using the dtBHQ dosing curve. Generation of the error bars for the predicted additive results is detailed in DE/ZI Analysis With the Script in R.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
43,437 |
Suspected cholera cases are indicated in red (right y-axis), and rainfall is indicated in blue (left y-axis). The corresponding year is labeled on the x-axis. To integrate the epidemiological and MLVA/MST data, the three major MST clusters identified in Accra are indicated below the histogram of suspected cholera cases. GAR1 = the Ghana 2011 cluster (which gave rise to a few strains in 2012), GAR2 = the main Ghana 2012 cluster, and GAR3 = the Ghana 2014 cluster identified on the MST.
| 3 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
220,709 |
As in everyday language, uniformity of the pace will mean for us that the race is run at an approximately constant pace. Mathematically, the sequence (p) is, in this case, a constant, or a sample of measurements drawn from a distribution highly concentrated around the average pace, for example, a normal distribution with mean p¯ and very small variance.
| 1 | 2other
| 1Other
|
120,408 |
Comprehensive catalogues of genetic variation are fundamental building blocks in studies of population and demographic history, variant formation and genotype-phenotype association. To obtain insights in ancestry and linkage disequilibrium of polymorphic sites it is imperative that such catalogues are haplotype-resolved (phased). Crucial improvements in accuracy and power can be achieved through population-specific panels12. However, current reference panels contain single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions and deletions of up to 20 bp in length (indels) but only a very limited number of structural variants (SVs) larger than 50 bp in size34. There is ample evidence that SV's play a major role in evolution and disease56789. Therefore, despite posing substantial technical and methodological challenges with respect to discovery, genotyping and phasing of such SV variants, the integration of SVs into reference panels is crucial for a broad spectrum of studies1011.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
170,730 |
Pooled results from 8 trials showed that more intensive vs less intensive LDL-C–lowering statin-based therapies were associated with an increase in hemorrhagic stroke (RR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.11-1.91; P = .006; I2 = 0%; number needed to harm, 242).20,21,22,23,24,25,26,28 Although point estimates of hemorrhagic stroke were different among the LDL-C–lowering strategies, formal analysis did not show a statistical difference (statins vs no statins: RR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.12-2.18; more statins or ezetimibe vs less statins or ezetimibe: RR, 1.49; 95% CI, 0.80-2.77; and PCSK9 inhibitors plus statins vs placebo plus statins: RR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.47-2.07; P = .53 for interaction; I2 = 0%) (Figure 2).
| 5 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
343,240 |
Of the cohort of 148 participants, 136 completed the two administrations of the AD-CSIROFFQ and were included in the reliability study analysis. This cohort included 44 males (32%) and had a mean and SD age of 73.19 ± 6.28 years. All 148 individuals participated in the validation study; of these, 48 were male (32%) and the mean age was 73.20 ± 6.43 years.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
328,356 |
For the first step in this study, markers which are able to evaluate the effect of samples on reducing aging and cognitive impairment were selected by an analysis of amino acids and a proteome analysis of the hippocampus of SAMP8 and senescence-accelerated resistant mice (SAM-R1). Then, the effects of the samples on the markers were evaluated and compared among the samples. There have been some reports that clearly showed the relation between glutamic acid and other amino acid contents in the hippocampus and cognitive disease or aging . We then determined the effects of the samples in a proteomic analysis of the hippocampus. There have been many reports evaluating the effect of food components using a few markers . Superoxide dismutase (SOD), tubulin alpha, hemoglobin subunit alpha, glutathione S-transferase, synapsin-2, and dihydropteridine reductase were tentatively settled on as hippocampus markers, because it is reported that the amounts of these enzymes or proteins change in the rat hippocampus with aging . The protective effects of ferulic acid, which is contained in peanuts in the form of esters, were also examined as a reference and to investigate whether the components could contribute to the effect of high-oleic peanuts.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
108,577 |
Interestingly, gene expression analysis showed no significant change in activin βA mRNA levels (Inhba) in testes from any groups of animals (Fig. 9a). However, the mRNA levels of the activin βB subunit (Inhbb) and inhibin α subunit (Inha) were decreased in 80 days EAEO testis compared to adjuvant control testes (Fig. 9b and c).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
280,853 |
In the current study, color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI), PDFI, CEUS, and SMI were used to detect the blood vessels in solid renal tumors, and the results of blood flow grading and ring-like blood flow signal were analyzed and compared to explore the diagnostic value of these four ultrasound blood flow imaging techniques for solid renal tumors.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
318,506 |
Pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome is undetermined , but serotonin plays a major role in gut motility and its pathophysiology. Serotonin is one of the primary neurotransmitters for maintaining gut distension, motility, and visceral sensitivity. We will discuss here how serotonin forms and its role on gut motility, the factors that can fluctuate the level of serotonin in the gut, how SERT maintains serotonin level in the gut, which factors affect SERT transcription, and lastly treatment of IBS targeted on 5HT receptors and serotonin reuptake mechanism. Our target in this discussion section is to shed some light on “How serotonin level fluctuation affects the effectiveness of treatment in irritable bowel syndrome.”
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 2Review
|
67,142 |
The GLMM analyses revealed that the total fungal richness, as well as the richness of saprotrophic and ECM fungi alone, varied temporally. The total fungal richness, as well as the richness of saprotrophic fungi peaked on 16th August (Fig. S3), after a period with warmer and moister weather conditions (Table S1).
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
378,880 |
Most protocols adopted in the dental setting starting from the COVID-19 first wave aimed to intercept symptomatic subjects before being admitted to dental care. These protocols included double triage procedures, and body temperature measurements and oximetry . Such protocols are, by all means, unable to intercept asymptomatic subjects. It is now known that the spread of the disease by the latter poses the main risk, especially during procedures involving aerosol generation.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 1Other
|
262,850 |
Anonymized imaging data and segmentation structures in DICOM format were retrieved from Healthmyne servers. Details of image pre-processing are described in Supplementary Materials. For each patient, a total of 163 features were calculated in 3D using standardized algorithms from the Image Biomarker Standardization Initiative (IBSI) v5 . The radiomic features included statistical, histogram, shape & size, Grey Level Cooccurrence Matrix (GLCM), Grey Level Run Length Matrix (GLRLM), Grey Level Size Zone Matrix (GLSZM) and Neighboring Grey Tone Difference Matrix (NGTDM) features, as well as 16 peritumoral features as described before . Laws and Wavelet features were not extracted due to their poor reproducibility reported in previous studies . As standard in radiomic studies , to ensure the radiomic signatures provide additional information compared with tumor volume, the features strongly correlated to volume (Pearson |r| > 0.8) were excluded from further analysis, while volume itself was included. Spatial stability of the features was assessed, as described in the Supplementary Materials, and unstable features excluded.
| 4 | 0biomedical
| 0Study
|
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