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Dataset card Data Studio Files Community
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requirements engineering
systematic way of developing requirements though iterative process of analyzing problem, documenting the resulting observations, and checking the accuracy of the understanding gained.
a systematic way of developing requirements through an iterative process
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requirements engineering
process of establishing: 1. the services that a customer requires from a system 2. the constraints under which the services operate and are developed
establishing the services that a custom requires, and the constraints
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requirements engineering
the process of developing a software application
establishing customer requirements and the constraints of the system
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requirements engineering
the process of understanding and defining what services are required from the system and identifying the constraints on the system's operation and development.
a systematic process of understanding and specifying the solution, and managing the requirements
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requirements engineering
the processes involved in developing system requirements.
a systematic process of understanding and specifying the solution, and managing the requirements
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requirements engineering
the process of developing a software specification -- software specs are for communicating customer needs to the system developers
establishing customer requirements and the constraints of the system
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requirements engineering
- requirements elicitation - requirements modeling - requirements analysis - requirements documentation - requirements validation - requirements management
aims to define the requirements of the system under construction; includes requirements elicitation and analysis
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requirements engineering
determining what the customer wants the system to do, under what constraints, and including other important details
• discovery, documenting and maintaining a set of requirements for a system • communication is important • may be biggest cause of software trouble
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requirements engineering
the process of developing a software application
the process of developing a software specification -- software specs are for communicating customer needs to the system developers
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formal analysis
the analysis of the form utilized a work of art; a close inspection of the artist's use in color, shape, line, mass, and color.
the analysis of how combination of numerous features like (color, texture, lime, composition, space and medium) work together
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formal analysis
a visual study that includes careful description of the artwork and its use of elements and principles
it's a form of analysis that focuses on the visual qualities of the work, and it requires skill in observation and description.
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formal analysis
it is a close inspection of the artist's use of aspects such as color, shape, line, mass, and space.
the analysis of the form utilized a work of art; a close inspection of the artist's use in color, shape, line, mass, and color.
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formal analysis
analysis of the form or visual appearance of a work of art using the visual language of elements and principles.
the process of analyzing the elements and principles used by the artist
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formal analysis
the analysis of how combination of numerous features like (color, texture, lime, composition, space and medium) work together
when you analyze the painting and take into account the strokes of the brush, colors, lighting, and the details the artist put in the image
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formal analysis
visual description of a work of art that includes elements of arts which are line, color, texture, value, space, shape and form
elements of art (lines, shape, value, texture, color, point)
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formal analysis
a visual study that includes careful description of the artwork and its use of elements and principles
the process of analyzing the elements and principles used by the artist
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requirements analysis
the examination of clients needs and production of the system specification
the determination of system specific characteristics based on analysis of customer needs, requirements and objectives; missions; projected utilization environments for people, products and processes; and measures of effectiveness.
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requirements analysis
examining gathered requirements in order to identify those that overlap, are in conflict with others or are duplicates.
1. analysis of elicited requirements in order to understand and document them. 2. synonym for requirements engineering.
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requirements analysis
analyzing requirements involves reaching a richer and more precise understanding of each requirement and representing sets of requirements in multiple ways
- analyze the requirements of the system and verify that the list is complete, unambiguous, consistent and correct
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requirements analysis
examples of requirements regarding system behavior for three distinct types of interactive systems: an e-commerce website, an atm, and a mobile messaging app.
the process by which stakeholders identify the features a new information system will need and then prioritize them as mandatory, preferred, or nonessential.
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requirements analysis
understanding what the customer wants the software to do. aka, when developing software, this is the stage where you &"define the problem.&"
specify what the application must do; answers the &"what&"
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requirements analysis
the second phase in the sdlc, in which developers conduct user interviews; evaluate existing systems; determine new forms/reports/queries; identify new features and functions, including security; and create the data model
the process by which stakeholders identify the features a new information system will need and then prioritize them as mandatory, preferred, or nonessential.
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requirements analysis
customer and development team discuss -> requirements document
produce requirements document, discuss what the system should do
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requirements analysis
the examination of clients needs and production of the system specification
activity of eliciting, examining/understanding stakeholder needs, developing requirements specifications, and evaluating them to ascertain the clarity/completeness/consistency/correctness/well-formedness
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requirements analysis
a. process of understanding what is wanted and needed in an app b. express requirements in writing to complete understanding and create contract b/w developer and customer
§ understand the needs, meet with potential users, stake holders, understand different views of the problem
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mobile computing
two major characteristics: -mobility -broad reach
refers to a real-time connection between a mobile device and other computing environments. -offers mobility and broad reach -provides foundation for mobile commerce
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mobile computing
a real-time, wireless connection ban a mobile device & other computing environments, such as internet 2 major characteristics: - mobility - broad reach
- a real-time connection between a mobile device another computing environments such as the internet or intranet - characteristics = mobility and broad reach
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mobile computing
two major characteristics: -mobility -broad reach
refers to a real time connection between a mobile device and other computing environments, such as as the internet or an intranet mobility and broad reach
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mobile computing
- a real-time connection between a mobile device another computing environments such as the internet or intranet - characteristics = mobility and broad reach
refers to a real-time connection between a mobile device and other computing environments. -offers mobility and broad reach -provides foundation for mobile commerce
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mobile computing
enables a real-time connection between a mobile device and computing networks, or to any other computing device-anytime, anywhere
a real-time connection between a mobile decide and other computing environments, such as the internet and an intranet
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mobile computing
a real-time, wireless connection ban a mobile device & other computing environments, such as internet 2 major characteristics: - mobility - broad reach
refers to a real time connection between a mobile device and other computing environments, such as as the internet or an intranet mobility and broad reach
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mobile computing
- a real-time connection between a mobile device another computing environments such as the internet or intranet - characteristics = mobility and broad reach
refers to a real time connection between a mobile device and other computing environments, such as as the internet or an intranet mobility and broad reach
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mobile computing
real time connection between mobile device and internet or intranet
wireless connection between mobile device and other computing environments such as internet or intranet
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mobile computing
a real-time, wireless connection ban a mobile device & other computing environments, such as internet 2 major characteristics: - mobility - broad reach
refers to a real-time connection between a mobile device and other computing environments. -offers mobility and broad reach -provides foundation for mobile commerce
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mobile computing
a person's ability to use technology in non-stationary positions and in transit
a broad general term describing your ability to use technology to wirelessly connect to and use centrally located information and/or application software
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design decisions
are based on the considerations you make about proportion results of the consultation and your understanding of design composition
decisions made, their rationale, and other alternatives that were considered. this helps explain the entire architecture
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design decisions
choices of functions, classes, relationships to satisfy system requirements
are based on the considerations you make about proportion results of the consultation and your understanding of design composition
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design decisions
-decisions you make as you go through the design process
decisions made, their rationale, and other alternatives that were considered. this helps explain the entire architecture
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design decisions
-decisions you make as you go through the design process
are based on the considerations you make about proportion results of the consultation and your understanding of design composition
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memory leaks
memory problems that cause memory to be exhausted over a period of time. can lead to dos attacks. can take place in operating systems, applications, and software drivers
if memory is allocated with new but never deleted the leaked block of memory in the heap will be unavailable until the program ends
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memory leaks
memory problems that cause memory to be exhausted over a period of time.
when application continuously allocates additional resources, eventually the finite resources of the host machine are exhausted, leading the system to hang or crash.
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memory leaks
memory problems that cause memory to be exhausted over a period of time.
if memory is allocated with new but never deleted the leaked block of memory in the heap will be unavailable until the program ends
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memory leaks
if memory is allocated with new but never deleted the leaked block of memory in the heap will be unavailable until the program ends
when application continuously allocates additional resources, eventually the finite resources of the host machine are exhausted, leading the system to hang or crash.
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fault detection
the process of finding faults and exposing failures in software
uncontrolled and controlled experiment used during development process to identify erroneous states and find the underlying faults before releasing the system ex. debugging and testing
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fault detection
uncontrolled and controlled experiment used during development process to identify erroneous states and find the underlying faults before releasing the system ex. debugging and testing
fault detection (while system is running) - testing: activity to provoke failures in a planned way - debugging: find and remove the cause (fault) of an observed failure
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fault detection
means that a program should watch for errors so that it fails gracefully if needed.
the process of finding faults and exposing failures in software
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fault detection
means that a program should watch for errors so that it fails gracefully if needed.
uncontrolled and controlled experiment used during development process to identify erroneous states and find the underlying faults before releasing the system ex. debugging and testing
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file systems
- programmers must know the physical location and layout of records used by the program - process is complex if using several files
provided quicker access to data and programs and jobs became more complex compositions of programs and data sets
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file systems
electronic storage medium invented in 1950s. high level programming languages (cobol). batch processing. many applications (general ledger, payroll, banking, inventory, etc)
electronic storage developed in the 1950s, high level programming, many applications in finance, accounting, etc..
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file systems
- electronic storage medium (1950s) - high level programming languages (cobol) accounting: payroll finance: banking operations: inventory hr: contract management
electronic storage developed in the 1950s, high level programming, many applications in finance, accounting, etc..
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theoretical foundations
-the needs of the client and the reason why we give certain treatments -this is universal- this framework is models of practice
people form ideas/concepts about a phenomenon or idea of interest such as health
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statistical significance
the difference between two variables did not occur by chance
an indicator that the relationship between two variables is meaningful(did not happen by chance). cut off is p<.05(happens by chance less than 5 times out of 100)
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statistical significance
when a statistical test says that the relationship we have observed is probably not due to chance alone
an observed difference between two descriptive statistics that is unlikely to have occurred by chance represents
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statistical significance
probability there is a true difference in scores compared to perceived difference from overlapping margins of error
low probability that difference between obtained sample -> random error
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statistical significance
the likelihood that the results of a study such as an association between variables, could have occurred by chance
similar to confidence interval-- differences were unlikely to have occurred due to chance alone, caused by the treatment
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statistical significance
a relationship or difference between variables is a real difference=didn't occur by chance an indicator that the relationship between the two variables is meaningful
if a relationship or difference between variables is statistically significant, • the typical cut off for significance in media research is p<.05
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statistical significance
probability there is a true difference in scores compared to perceived difference from overlapping margins of error
exists when the probability that the observed findings are due to chance is very low; precision and intolerance of error
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statistical significance
probability of the results of a study happening by chance
how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance
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statistical significance
how likely a result is by chance; cutoff value for stastical significance is p value of .05
refers to the cutoff point (i.e., critical value); any value that exceeds the cutoff point will be noted as statistically significant
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statistical significance
a statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance indicates likelihood not importance
a statistical statement of how likely it is that a study's result occurred merely by chance
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statistical significance
the likelihood that relationships observed in a sample could be attributed to chance (sampling error) alone.
a coefficient that indicates the chances of a relationship found in the sample occurring by chance and not existing in the population
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statistical significance
a statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance
indication of how likely a result obtained occured by chance
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statistical significance
a relationship or difference between variables is a real difference=didn't occur by chance an indicator that the relationship between the two variables is meaningful
-it is a real difference = did not occur by chance -indicator that relationship between two variables is meaningful
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statistical significance
achieved when a result is very unlikely to occur by chance
how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance. statistical sig. is achieved when the results of the study are unlikely to happen by chance. unlikely=(<5% chance)
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statistical significance
probability there is a true difference in scores compared to perceived difference from overlapping margins of error
matter of probability. low probability that the difference between obtained sample means was due to random error.
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statistical significance
when p<0.05 less than 5% chance that the correlation is due to chance alone
how likely it is that the findings are due to randomness and not a true effect
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statistical significance
an observed difference between two descriptive statistics (such as means) that is unlikely due to chance
how likely it is that the findings are due to randomness and not a true effect
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statistical significance
the likelihood that relationships observed in a sample could be attributed to chance (sampling error) alone.
a term indicating that the results from an analysis of sample data are unlikely to have been caused by chance, at a specific level of probability
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statistical significance
when p<0.05 less than 5% chance that the correlation is due to chance alone
an observed difference between two descriptive statistics (such as means) that is unlikely due to chance
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statistical significance
when a statistical test says that the relationship we have observed is probably not due to chance alone
when p<0.05 less than 5% chance that the correlation is due to chance alone
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statistical significance
a statistical statement of how likely it is that a study's result occurred merely by chance
statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occured by chance
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statistical significance
the difference between two variables did not occur by chance (indicating that the relationship between the two variables is meaningful) typical is p<.05
real difference = did not occur by chance, relationship between variables in meaningful, cutoff is p<0.05
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statistical significance
the difference between two variables did not occur by chance (indicating that the relationship between the two variables is meaningful) typical is p<.05
-it is a real difference = did not occur by chance -indicator that relationship between two variables is meaningful
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statistical significance
when there is very low probability of a result occurring if the population means are equal, or because of random error.
matter of probability. low probability that the difference between obtained sample means was due to random error.
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statistical significance
a standard for deciding whether an observed result is because of chance.
there is a difference, an unusual event that has a low probability of occurring by chance when h0 is true.
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statistical significance
when there is very low probability of a result occurring if the population means are equal, or because of random error.
probability there is a true difference in scores compared to perceived difference from overlapping margins of error
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statistical significance
when the probability that the observed findings are due to chance is very low , usually less than 5 chances in 100.
achieved in a study when we get a result that is very unlikely to occur by chance - 5% or less
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statistical significance
a measure of the amount of risk we are willing to take when reaching a conclusion about the relationship between variables
the degree of risk you are willing to take to that you will reject a null hypothesis (make an error in your hypothesis)
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statistical significance
rejection of the null hypothesis when an outcome has a low probability of occurrence if, in fact, the null hypothesis is correct
rejection of the null hypothesis when an outcome has a low probability of occurence
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statistical significance
-it is a real difference = did not occur by chance -indicator that relationship between two variables is meaningful
if a relationship or difference between variables is statistically significant, • the typical cut off for significance in media research is p<.05
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statistical significance
when its probability of occurring due to chance is at or below a cutoff point that is selected in advance-- before analyzing data
describes research results when the outcome of a statistical test indicates that the probability of those results occurring by chance is small
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statistical significance
a relationship or difference between variables is a real difference=didn't occur by chance an indicator that the relationship between the two variables is meaningful
real difference = did not occur by chance, relationship between variables in meaningful, cutoff is p<0.05
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statistical significance
a finding that is very unlikely to be due to error variance.
when its probability of occurring due to chance is at or below a cutoff point that is selected in advance-- before analyzing data
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statistical significance
definition: a statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance. my definition: probability that results are due to chance example: picture
an inferential statistic that indicates how likely the result of a given study was due to chance (typically, an acceptable level in the field of psychology is less than 5%).
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statistical significance
the difference between two variables did not occur by chance
an observed effect so large that it would rarely occur by chance
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statistical significance
when statistical tests results accepts research hypothesis and doesn't support null hypothesis
accept the research hypothesis and reject the null hypothesis (p< .05)
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statistical significance
a statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance (p value should be less than or equal to 3)
refers to the cutoff point (i.e., critical value); any value that exceeds the cutoff point will be noted as statistically significant
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statistical significance
indicated by the p-value; interpreted as the probability of finding the results of the study, assuming that the null hypothesis of no difference between the groups is true
a decision made concerning a value stated in the null hypothesis. when the null hypothesis is rejected, we reach significance. also called significance.
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statistical significance
statistical significance is achieved when the resort is very unlikely to occur by chance
achieved when a result is very unlikely to occur by chance
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statistical significance
low probability that difference between obtained sample -> random error
exists when the probability that the observed findings are due to chance is very low; precision and intolerance of error
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statistical significance
the likelihood that the results of a study such as an association between variables, could have occurred by chance
observed effect so extreme it would rarely occur by chance
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statistical significance
when a statistical test says that the relationship we have observed is probably not due to chance alone
how likely it is that the findings are due to randomness and not a true effect
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statistical significance
a standard for deciding whether an observed result is because of chance.
similar to confidence interval-- differences were unlikely to have occurred due to chance alone, caused by the treatment
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statistical significance
how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance when an observed response is so drastic of a difference that it would rarely happen by chance
means that the results are not likely to occur by chance alone.
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statistical significance
observed effect so extreme it would rarely occur by chance
similar to confidence interval-- differences were unlikely to have occurred due to chance alone, caused by the treatment
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statistical significance
a general term that refers to the likelihood that relationships observed in a sample could be attributed to chance (sampling error) alone
a coefficient that indicates the chances of a relationship found in the sample occurring by chance and not existing in the population
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statistical significance
probability used to determine if the findings are due to error or &"real&" difference/relationship
when there is a 95% or more probability that the study findings were not due to chance
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statistical significance
rejection of the null hypothesis when an outcome has a low probability of occurrence if, in fact, the null hypothesis is correct
if p < .05, reject the null hypothesis and accept the research hypothesis (statistical significance)
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statistical significance
an indicator that the relationship between two variables is meaningful(did not happen by chance). cut off is p<.05(happens by chance less than 5 times out of 100)
an observed effect so large that it would rarely occur by chance
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statistical significance
a significant result is one that has a very low probability of occurring if the population means are equal
when there is very low probability of a result occurring if the population means are equal, or because of random error.