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README.md
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- name: test
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num_bytes: 256512910
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num_examples: 1121
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download_size: 235090892
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dataset_size: 256512910
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configs:
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- config_name: default
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data_files:
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- split: test
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path: data/test-*
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---
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dtype: string
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splits:
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- name: test
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num_bytes: 256512910
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num_examples: 1121
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download_size: 235090892
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dataset_size: 256512910
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configs:
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- config_name: default
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data_files:
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- split: test
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path: data/test-*
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license: apache-2.0
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language:
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- ko
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- en
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tags:
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- speech
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- recognition
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- code-switching
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---
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# HiKE: Hierarchical Evaluation Framework for Korean-English Code-Switching Speech Recognition
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> [Gio Paik](https://sites.google.com/view/giopaik)\*, [Yongbeom Kim](https://bayle0627.github.io/), [Soungmin Lee](https://minovermax.github.io/), [Sangmin Ahn](https://www.linkedin.com/in/sangmin-ahn-0656ab1b1/)†, and [Chanwoo Kim](https://www.linkedin.com/in/chanwkim)†, *Under Review*
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> \* Corresponding Author, † Equal Contribution
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[**✨ Code**](https://github.com/ThetaOne-AI/HiKE) | [**🤗 Dataset**](https://huggingface.co/datasets/thetaone-ai/HiKE) | [**📖 Paper**](https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.24613)
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## Introduction
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HiKE is the first Korean-English Code-Switching (CS) Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) benchmark composed of high-quality, natural CS data across various topics. We use **Mixed Error Rate (MER)** and **Point of Interest Error Rate (PIER)** [1] to precisely evaluate the models' CS ASR capability.
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Experimental results show that all multilingual ASR models exhibit significantly higher error rates on code-switching data, and that their CS-ASR capabilities can be improved through fine-tuning.
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For further details, please refer to [our paper]().
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[1] Ugan et al., [“PIER: A Novel Metric for Evaluating What Matters in Code-Switching”](https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.09512), ICASSP 2025
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### Hierarchical CS-Level Labels
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To provide more fine-grained comparison of model performance on different forms of code-switching, we labeled each utterance according to the following levels:
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- Word-level CS: Code-switching that occurs at the word level, typically as the substitution of a single noun or adjective.
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- Phrase-level CS: Occurs when a multi-word phrase within a sentence appears in another language.
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- Sentence-level CS: The alternation between languages on a sentence-by-sentence basis.
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### Loanword Labels
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Loanwords are words adopted from a foreign language and adapted to the phonology and orthography of the new language. For example, the Korean loanword **'버스' [bəs]** and the English word **'bus' [bʌs]** are pronounced almost identically and can be used interchangeably in a CS context. To avoid this problem, we meticulously labeled all loanwords contained in our dataset.
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## Citation
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```
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@misc{paik2025hike,
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title={{HiKE}: Hierarchical Evaluation Framework for Korean-English Code-Switching Speech Recognition},
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author={Gio Paik and Yongbeom Kim and Soungmin Lee and Sangmin Ahn and Chanwoo Kim},
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year={2025},
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eprint={2509.24613},
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archivePrefix={arXiv},
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primaryClass={cs.CL},
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url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.24613},
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}
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```
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