Dockerfile

# Build stage
FROM python:3.10 as builder

# Install build dependencies
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
    build-essential \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

# Create user with home directory
RUN useradd -m user

# Set up environment
ENV HOME=/home/user \
    PATH=/home/user/.local/bin:$PATH

WORKDIR $HOME/app

# Copy requirements first for better caching
COPY --chown=user requirements.txt .

# Install Python dependencies to user directory
USER user
RUN pip install --user --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt

# Production stage
FROM python:3.10-slim as production

# Install only runtime dependencies if needed
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
    # Add any runtime dependencies here \
    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \
    && apt-get clean

# Create user with home directory
RUN useradd -m user

# Set up environment
ENV HOME=/home/user \
    PATH=/home/user/.local/bin:$PATH \
    PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1 \
    PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=1

WORKDIR $HOME/app

# Copy installed packages from builder stage
COPY --from=builder --chown=user /home/user/.local /home/user/.local

# Copy application code
COPY --chown=user ./ $HOME/app

USER user

CMD ["python", "app.py"]