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# app.py
# This is the main file for our FastAPI application.
import io
import sys
from fastapi import FastAPI, HTTPException
from pydantic import BaseModel
from fastapi.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware
# Initialize the FastAPI app
app = FastAPI(
title="Python Code Executor API",
description="An API to execute Python code securely and return the output.",
version="1.0.0",
)
# --- CORS Middleware ---
# This is important to allow your front-end website (running on a different domain)
# to communicate with this API. We'll allow all origins for simplicity.
app.add_middleware(
CORSMiddleware,
allow_origins=["*"], # Allows all origins
allow_credentials=True,
allow_methods=["*"], # Allows all methods (GET, POST, etc.)
allow_headers=["*"], # Allows all headers
)
# --- Request Body Model ---
# This Pydantic model defines the structure of the JSON we expect in the request.
# It ensures that the incoming data has a "code" field which is a string.
class Code(BaseModel):
code: str
# --- API Endpoint ---
# This defines the endpoint at the path "/execute" that accepts POST requests.
@app.post("/execute")
async def execute_python_code(code_payload: Code):
"""
Executes the provided Python code and returns its output or any errors.
"""
# Create a string buffer to capture the output of the print() statements
old_stdout = sys.stdout
redirected_output = io.StringIO()
sys.stdout = redirected_output
try:
# The exec() function executes the Python code passed as a string.
# We pass an empty dictionary for globals and locals for a cleaner scope.
exec(code_payload.code, {}, {})
except Exception as e:
# If any error occurs during execution, restore stdout and raise an HTTPException.
# This will be sent back to the user as a proper error response.
sys.stdout = old_stdout
raise HTTPException(
status_code=400,
detail=f"Error executing code: {str(e)}"
)
finally:
# This 'finally' block ensures that we always restore the original stdout,
# even if an error occurred. This is crucial for the server's stability.
sys.stdout = old_stdout
# Get the captured output from the string buffer
output = redirected_output.getvalue()
# Return the captured output in a JSON response
return {"output": output}
# A simple root endpoint to confirm the API is running
@app.get("/")
def read_root():
return {"message": "Python Code Executor API is running."}
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