media_platform/tieba/help.py

# 声明：本代码仅供学习和研究目的使用。使用者应遵守以下原则：  
# 1. 不得用于任何商业用途。  
# 2. 使用时应遵守目标平台的使用条款和robots.txt规则。  
# 3. 不得进行大规模爬取或对平台造成运营干扰。  
# 4. 应合理控制请求频率，避免给目标平台带来不必要的负担。   
# 5. 不得用于任何非法或不当的用途。
#   
# 详细许可条款请参阅项目根目录下的LICENSE文件。  
# 使用本代码即表示您同意遵守上述原则和LICENSE中的所有条款。  


# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import html
import json
import re
from typing import Dict, List, Tuple
from urllib.parse import parse_qs, unquote

from parsel import Selector

from constant import baidu_tieba as const
from model.m_baidu_tieba import TiebaComment, TiebaCreator, TiebaNote
from tools import utils

GENDER_MALE = "sex_male"
GENDER_FEMALE = "sex_female"


class TieBaExtractor:
    def __init__(self):
        pass

    @staticmethod
    def extract_search_note_list(page_content: str) -> List[TiebaNote]:
        """
        提取贴吧帖子列表，这里提取的关键词搜索结果页的数据，还缺少帖子的回复数和回复页等数据
        Args:
            page_content: 页面内容的HTML字符串

        Returns:
            包含帖子信息的字典列表
        """
        xpath_selector = "//div[@class='s_post']"
        post_list = Selector(text=page_content).xpath(xpath_selector)
        result: List[TiebaNote] = []
        for post in post_list:
            tieba_note = TiebaNote(note_id=post.xpath(".//span[@class='p_title']/a/@data-tid").get(default='').strip(),
                                   title=post.xpath(".//span[@class='p_title']/a/text()").get(default='').strip(),
                                   desc=post.xpath(".//div[@class='p_content']/text()").get(default='').strip(),
                                   note_url=const.TIEBA_URL + post.xpath(".//span[@class='p_title']/a/@href").get(
                                       default=''),
                                   user_nickname=post.xpath(".//a[starts-with(@href, '/home/main')]/font/text()").get(
                                       default='').strip(), user_link=const.TIEBA_URL + post.xpath(
                    ".//a[starts-with(@href, '/home/main')]/@href").get(default=''),
                                   tieba_name=post.xpath(".//a[@class='p_forum']/font/text()").get(default='').strip(),
                                   tieba_link=const.TIEBA_URL + post.xpath(".//a[@class='p_forum']/@href").get(
                                       default=''),
                                   publish_time=post.xpath(".//font[@class='p_green p_date']/text()").get(
                                       default='').strip(), )
            result.append(tieba_note)
        return result

    def extract_tieba_note_list(self, page_content: str) -> List[TiebaNote]:
        """
        提取贴吧帖子列表
        Args:
            page_content:

        Returns:

        """
        page_content = page_content.replace('<!--', "")
        content_selector = Selector(text=page_content)
        xpath_selector = "//ul[@id='thread_list']/li"
        post_list = content_selector.xpath(xpath_selector)
        result: List[TiebaNote] = []
        for post_selector in post_list:
            post_field_value: Dict = self.extract_data_field_value(post_selector)
            if not post_field_value:
                continue
            note_id = str(post_field_value.get("id"))
            tieba_note = TiebaNote(note_id=note_id,
                                   title=post_selector.xpath(".//a[@class='j_th_tit ']/text()").get(default='').strip(),
                                   desc=post_selector.xpath(
                                       ".//div[@class='threadlist_abs threadlist_abs_onlyline ']/text()").get(
                                       default='').strip(), note_url=const.TIEBA_URL + f"/p/{note_id}",
                                   user_link=const.TIEBA_URL + post_selector.xpath(
                                       ".//a[@class='frs-author-name j_user_card ']/@href").get(default='').strip(),
                                   user_nickname=post_field_value.get("authoer_nickname") or post_field_value.get(
                                       "author_name"),
                                   tieba_name=content_selector.xpath("//a[@class='card_title_fname']/text()").get(
                                       default='').strip(), tieba_link=const.TIEBA_URL + content_selector.xpath(
                    "//a[@class='card_title_fname']/@href").get(default=''),
                                   total_replay_num=post_field_value.get("reply_num", 0))
            result.append(tieba_note)
        return result

    def extract_note_detail(self, page_content: str) -> TiebaNote:
        """
        提取贴吧帖子详情
        Args:
            page_content:

        Returns:

        """
        content_selector = Selector(text=page_content)
        first_floor_selector = content_selector.xpath("//div[@class='p_postlist'][1]")
        only_view_author_link = content_selector.xpath("//*[@id='lzonly_cntn']/@href").get(default='').strip()
        note_id = only_view_author_link.split("?")[0].split("/")[-1]
        # 帖子回复数、回复页数
        thread_num_infos = content_selector.xpath(
            "//div[@id='thread_theme_5']//li[@class='l_reply_num']//span[@class='red']")
        # IP地理位置、发表时间
        other_info_content = content_selector.xpath(".//div[@class='post-tail-wrap']").get(default="").strip()
        ip_location, publish_time = self.extract_ip_and_pub_time(other_info_content)
        note = TiebaNote(note_id=note_id, title=content_selector.xpath("//title/text()").get(default='').strip(),
                         desc=content_selector.xpath("//meta[@name='description']/@content").get(default='').strip(),
                         note_url=const.TIEBA_URL + f"/p/{note_id}",
                         user_link=const.TIEBA_URL + first_floor_selector.xpath(
                             ".//a[@class='p_author_face ']/@href").get(default='').strip(),
                         user_nickname=first_floor_selector.xpath(
                             ".//a[@class='p_author_name j_user_card']/text()").get(default='').strip(),
                         user_avatar=first_floor_selector.xpath(".//a[@class='p_author_face ']/img/@src").get(
                             default='').strip(),
                         tieba_name=content_selector.xpath("//a[@class='card_title_fname']/text()").get(
                             default='').strip(), tieba_link=const.TIEBA_URL + content_selector.xpath(
                "//a[@class='card_title_fname']/@href").get(default=''), ip_location=ip_location,
                         publish_time=publish_time,
                         total_replay_num=thread_num_infos[0].xpath("./text()").get(default='').strip(),
                         total_replay_page=thread_num_infos[1].xpath("./text()").get(default='').strip(), )
        note.title = note.title.replace(f"【{note.tieba_name}】_百度贴吧", "")
        return note

    def extract_tieba_note_parment_comments(self, page_content: str, note_id: str) -> List[TiebaComment]:
        """
        提取贴吧帖子一级评论
        Args:
            page_content:
            note_id:

        Returns:

        """
        xpath_selector = "//div[@class='l_post l_post_bright j_l_post clearfix  ']"
        comment_list = Selector(text=page_content).xpath(xpath_selector)
        result: List[TiebaComment] = []
        for comment_selector in comment_list:
            comment_field_value: Dict = self.extract_data_field_value(comment_selector)
            if not comment_field_value:
                continue
            tieba_name = comment_selector.xpath("//a[@class='card_title_fname']/text()").get(default='').strip()
            other_info_content = comment_selector.xpath(".//div[@class='post-tail-wrap']").get(default="").strip()
            ip_location, publish_time = self.extract_ip_and_pub_time(other_info_content)
            tieba_comment = TiebaComment(comment_id=str(comment_field_value.get("content").get("post_id")),
                                         sub_comment_count=comment_field_value.get("content").get("comment_num"),
                                         content=utils.extract_text_from_html(
                                             comment_field_value.get("content").get("content")),
                                         note_url=const.TIEBA_URL + f"/p/{note_id}",
                                         user_link=const.TIEBA_URL + comment_selector.xpath(
                                             ".//a[@class='p_author_face ']/@href").get(default='').strip(),
                                         user_nickname=comment_selector.xpath(
                                             ".//a[@class='p_author_name j_user_card']/text()").get(default='').strip(),
                                         user_avatar=comment_selector.xpath(
                                             ".//a[@class='p_author_face ']/img/@src").get(default='').strip(),
                                         tieba_id=str(comment_field_value.get("content").get("forum_id", "")),
                                         tieba_name=tieba_name, tieba_link=f"https://tieba.baidu.com/f?kw={tieba_name}",
                                         ip_location=ip_location, publish_time=publish_time, note_id=note_id, )
            result.append(tieba_comment)
        return result

    def extract_tieba_note_sub_comments(self, page_content: str, parent_comment: TiebaComment) -> List[TiebaComment]:
        """
        提取贴吧帖子二级评论
        Args:
            page_content:
            parent_comment:

        Returns:

        """
        selector = Selector(page_content)
        comments = []
        comment_ele_list = selector.xpath("//li[@class='lzl_single_post j_lzl_s_p first_no_border']")
        comment_ele_list.extend(selector.xpath("//li[@class='lzl_single_post j_lzl_s_p ']"))
        for comment_ele in comment_ele_list:
            comment_value = self.extract_data_field_value(comment_ele)
            if not comment_value:
                continue
            comment_user_a_selector = comment_ele.xpath("./a[@class='j_user_card lzl_p_p']")[0]
            content = utils.extract_text_from_html(
                comment_ele.xpath(".//span[@class='lzl_content_main']").get(default=""))
            comment = TiebaComment(
                comment_id=str(comment_value.get("spid")), content=content,
                user_link=comment_user_a_selector.xpath("./@href").get(default=""),
                user_nickname=comment_value.get("showname"),
                user_avatar=comment_user_a_selector.xpath("./img/@src").get(default=""),
                publish_time=comment_ele.xpath(".//span[@class='lzl_time']/text()").get(default="").strip(),
                parent_comment_id=parent_comment.comment_id,
                note_id=parent_comment.note_id, note_url=parent_comment.note_url,
                tieba_id=parent_comment.tieba_id, tieba_name=parent_comment.tieba_name,
                tieba_link=parent_comment.tieba_link)
            comments.append(comment)

        return comments

    def extract_creator_info(self, html_content: str) -> TiebaCreator:
        """
        提取贴吧创作者信息
        Args:
            html_content:

        Returns:

        """
        selector = Selector(text=html_content)
        user_link_selector = selector.xpath("//p[@class='space']/a")
        user_link: str = user_link_selector.xpath("./@href").get(default='')
        user_link_params: Dict = parse_qs(unquote(user_link.split("?")[-1]))
        user_name = user_link_params.get("un")[0] if user_link_params.get("un") else ""
        user_id = user_link_params.get("id")[0] if user_link_params.get("id") else ""
        userinfo_userdata_selector = selector.xpath("//div[@class='userinfo_userdata']")
        follow_fans_selector = selector.xpath("//span[@class='concern_num']")
        follows, fans = 0, 0
        if len(follow_fans_selector) == 2:
            follows, fans = self.extract_follow_and_fans(follow_fans_selector)
        user_content = userinfo_userdata_selector.get(default='')
        return TiebaCreator(user_id=user_id, user_name=user_name,
                            nickname=selector.xpath(".//span[@class='userinfo_username ']/text()").get(
                                default='').strip(),
                            avatar=selector.xpath(".//div[@class='userinfo_left_head']//img/@src").get(
                                default='').strip(),
                            gender=self.extract_gender(user_content),
                            ip_location=self.extract_ip(user_content),
                            follows=follows,
                            fans=fans,
                            registration_duration=self.extract_registration_duration(user_content)
                            )

    @staticmethod
    def extract_tieba_thread_id_list_from_creator_page(
        html_content: str
    ) -> List[str]:
        """
        提取贴吧创作者主页的帖子列表
        Args:
            html_content:

        Returns:

        """
        selector = Selector(text=html_content)
        thread_id_list = []
        xpath_selector = (
            "//ul[@class='new_list clearfix']//div[@class='thread_name']/a[1]/@href"
        )
        thread_url_list = selector.xpath(xpath_selector).getall()
        for thread_url in thread_url_list:
            thread_id = thread_url.split("?")[0].split("/")[-1]
            thread_id_list.append(thread_id)
        return thread_id_list

    def extract_ip_and_pub_time(self, html_content: str) -> Tuple[str, str]:
        """
        提取IP位置和发布时间
        Args:
            html_content:

        Returns:

        """
        pattern_pub_time = re.compile(r'<span class="tail-info">(\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2} \d{2}:\d{2})</span>')
        time_match = pattern_pub_time.search(html_content)
        pub_time = time_match.group(1) if time_match else ""
        return self.extract_ip(html_content), pub_time

    @staticmethod
    def extract_ip(html_content: str) -> str:
        """
        提取IP
        Args:
            html_content:

        Returns:

        """
        pattern_ip = re.compile(r'IP属地:(\S+)</span>')
        ip_match = pattern_ip.search(html_content)
        ip = ip_match.group(1) if ip_match else ""
        return ip

    @staticmethod
    def extract_gender(html_content: str) -> str:
        """
        提取性别
        Args:
            html_content:

        Returns:

        """
        if GENDER_MALE in html_content:
            return '男'
        elif GENDER_FEMALE in html_content:
            return '女'
        return '未知'

    @staticmethod
    def extract_follow_and_fans(selectors: List[Selector]) -> Tuple[str, str]:
        """
        提取关注数和粉丝数
        Args:
            selectors:

        Returns:

        """
        pattern = re.compile(r'<span class="concern_num">\(<a[^>]*>(\d+)</a>\)</span>')
        follow_match = pattern.findall(selectors[0].get())
        fans_match = pattern.findall(selectors[1].get())
        follows = follow_match[0] if follow_match else 0
        fans = fans_match[0] if fans_match else 0
        return follows, fans

    @staticmethod
    def extract_registration_duration(html_content: str) -> str:
        """
        "<span>吧龄:1.9年</span>"
        Returns: 1.9年

        """
        pattern = re.compile(r'<span>吧龄:(\S+)</span>')
        match = pattern.search(html_content)
        return match.group(1) if match else ""

    @staticmethod
    def extract_data_field_value(selector: Selector) -> Dict:
        """
        提取data-field的值
        Args:
            selector:

        Returns:

        """
        data_field_value = selector.xpath("./@data-field").get(default='').strip()
        if not data_field_value or data_field_value == "{}":
            return {}
        try:
            # 先使用 html.unescape 处理转义字符 再json.loads 将 JSON 字符串转换为 Python 字典
            unescaped_json_str = html.unescape(data_field_value)
            data_field_dict_value = json.loads(unescaped_json_str)
        except Exception as ex:
            print(f"extract_data_field_value，错误信息：{ex}, 尝试使用其他方式解析")
            data_field_dict_value = {}
        return data_field_dict_value


def test_extract_search_note_list():
    with open("test_data/search_keyword_notes.html", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
        content = f.read()
        extractor = TieBaExtractor()
        result = extractor.extract_search_note_list(content)
        print(result)


def test_extract_note_detail():
    with open("test_data/note_detail.html", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
        content = f.read()
        extractor = TieBaExtractor()
        result = extractor.extract_note_detail(content)
        print(result.model_dump())


def test_extract_tieba_note_parment_comments():
    with open("test_data/note_comments.html", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
        content = f.read()
        extractor = TieBaExtractor()
        result = extractor.extract_tieba_note_parment_comments(content, "123456")
        print(result)


def test_extract_tieba_note_sub_comments():
    with open("test_data/note_sub_comments.html", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
        content = f.read()
        extractor = TieBaExtractor()
        fake_parment_comment = TiebaComment(comment_id="123456", content="content", user_link="user_link",
                                            user_nickname="user_nickname", user_avatar="user_avatar",
                                            publish_time="publish_time", parent_comment_id="parent_comment_id",
                                            note_id="note_id", note_url="note_url", tieba_id="tieba_id",
                                            tieba_name="tieba_name", )
        result = extractor.extract_tieba_note_sub_comments(content, fake_parment_comment)
        print(result)


def test_extract_tieba_note_list():
    with open("test_data/tieba_note_list.html", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
        content = f.read()
        extractor = TieBaExtractor()
        result = extractor.extract_tieba_note_list(content)
        print(result)
    pass


def test_extract_creator_info():
    with open("test_data/creator_info.html", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
        content = f.read()
        extractor = TieBaExtractor()
        result = extractor.extract_creator_info(content)
        print(result.model_dump_json())


if __name__ == '__main__':
    # test_extract_search_note_list()
    # test_extract_note_detail()
    # test_extract_tieba_note_parment_comments()
    # test_extract_tieba_note_list()
    test_extract_creator_info()