IS424_Data_Mining/code/GPT/cleaned_data1.csv

id,Headline,Summary,Category,Datetime,URL
1,Shanghai port congestion impacts terminals in Qingdao and Ningbo,"The persisting port congestion at Shanghai’s Yangshan deep-sea terminal is reportedly also impacting vessel arrival times at other major public terminals in China, including Qingdao and Ningbo. Industry sources indicated that this is due to some vessels being diverted from Shanghai as well as unstable weather and re-shuffling of alliances networks. Some carriers are reportedly planning contingency actions for the coming months, including consolidation of volumes and temporary reduction of port calls.  No further details were initially provided.",Maritime Advisory,27/4/17 9:16,https://theloadstar.com/congestion-surges-at-chinese-ports-amid-shanghai-lockdowns-and-driver-curbs/
2,Lack of gangs may impede operations at Port of Barcelona,Shipping sources on August 19 indicate that lack of gangs due to summer holidays may impede port operations at Port of Barcelona.,Maritime Advisory,19/8/19 8:43,https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/barcelona-dockers-refuse-handle-military-material-amid-gaza-war-2023-11-07/
3,Port of Ulsan bans variety of hazardous cargo following major chemical tanker explosion,"Media sources indicate on October 7 that the Port of Ulsan has banned a variety of hazardous cargoes from terminals near a bridge where a major chemical tanker Stolt Groenland was caught in an explosion that occurred on September 30. The fire injured eighteen people and led to an overhead bridge, which serves as a thoroughfare for the city, to be closed for two days due to safety checks.",Port Closure,7/10/19 10:12,https://splash247.com/ulsan-port-takes-action-against-hazardous-cargoes-in-wake-of-stolt-explosion/
4,Port of Valencia - The port has been reopened to maritime traffic. Incident closed.,The Port of Valencia has been reopened to maritime traffic following a closure due to poor weather conditions. This incident is closed.,Port Closure,20/4/19 7:09,https://safety4sea.com/valenciaport-ready-to-manage-traffic-after-suez-canal-blockage/
5,Shipco Transport to fine shippers for misdeclared hazardous cargoes,"Industry sources indicate on August 22 that Chatham, NJ-based Shipco Transport announced its intent to implement a penalty of USD 5,000-35,000 (EUR 4,500-31,750) per container for misdeclared or undeclared hazardous cargoes, with a definitive fine quantity unknown as of reporting, and it is unknown when this penalty will come into effect. Shipco will hold the customer on record liable and responsible for costs and consequences related to violations, fines, damages, incidents, claims and corrective measures resulting from cases of shipment of such cargo. The move is similar to that implemented by other cargo shipping lines in the aftermath of the Yantian Express fire.",Port Closure,22/8/19 17:38,https://theloadstar.com/carriers-to-fine-rogue-shippers-for-misdeclared-goods-in-containers/
6,Singapore arrests eleven men for illegal marine gas oil transaction,Media sources indicated on November 4 that the Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore has arrested eleven men for their suspected involvement in an illegal transaction of marine gas oil at sea off Northern Tuas. The eleven men include six crew members of a craft of a marine service provider and another five of a foreign-registered tugboat. Preliminary reports cited that the crewmembers were thought to have misappropriated the marine gas oil and sold it to crew members of the tugboats.,Port Closure,6/11/19 1:37,https://www.seatrade-maritime.com/asia/11-men-arrested-illegal-mgo-trade-singapore
7,UPDATE: Delays decrease to 12-24 hours at Port of Colombo,"Industry sources indicate on September 17 that some vessels at the South Asia Gateway Terminals (SAGT Terminal) at the Port of Colombo, Sri Lanka, are currently facing delays that have now reduced to 12-24 hours due to internal labour issues.",Port Congestion,5/9/19 12:18,https://www.tbsnews.net/economy/colombo-port-congestion-comes-fresh-supply-chain-woe-394238
8,UPDATE: Dense fog causes closure of Port of Shanghai,"According to sources on March 13, the Port of Shanghai is currently closed due to dense fog. Hence, vessels’ waiting time is around 1 to 1.5 days. Moreover, low visibility is likely to affect the port from 22:00 (local time) from March 13 until 16:00 of the next day. There is a moderate to high chance that the port may closed again.",Port Congestion,11/3/19 7:13,https://psabdp.com/news/heavy-fog-affecting-shanghai-port-operations
9,UPDATE: Port of Colombo faces berthing delays,"Sources on March 11 indicate that the Port of Colombo is facing berthing delays due to unspecified reasons.  An average waiting time for the vessels is likely to be around 1 to 2 days. In addition, congestion is likely to be exacerbated by repair works on 4 gantry cranes which will start March 18 and last for two weeks. Out-of-window arrivals will likely face extended berthing times.",Port Congestion,11/3/19 7:51,https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/companies-markets/transport-logistics/sri-lankas-colombo-port-sees-jump-traffic-amid-red-sea
10,Greenpeace Protest on Hartman Bridge on Thursday Temporarily Closed Portion of Houston Ship Channel,"On Thursday, September 12, 23 protesters associated with Greenpeace demonstrated along the Fred Hartman Bridge in Baytown, TX just outside of Houston. The protest began around 6:30 AM local time and included 11 of the protesters rappelling down the bridge to disrupt shipping traffic in the Houston Ship Channel. While the bridge stayed open during the protest to vehicular traffic, a half-mile portion of the ship channel was closed between Light 102A and Light 104 until reopening early Friday morning after protesters were arrested. The protest remained peaceful; however, the initial blocking of the bridge led to a minor motor vehicle accident which injured one person. 

Assessment: The Greenpeace activists stated that their goal of the protest was to attempt to disrupt the oil and gas shipments that go through the Houston Ship Channel. The group timed their protest to attempt to get the attention of Democratic presidential candidates who were in Houston Thursday for a Democrat National Committee presidential debate. The Houston Ship Channel and Port of Houston are vital to U.S. oil and gas exports and the ship channel is the busiest in the country annually generating approximately $339 billion and providing over 1.35 million jobs to the state of Texas. The portion of the ship channel that was closed on Thursday normally sees approximately 300 vessels pass through, and according to media sources, at least seven were blocked during the temporary closure. The protest did not cause any significant disruptions to shipping interests, as many companies often build in an extra day to shipping schedules as a precaution. 

An uptick in climate change-related protests has been seen in recent months, especially across Europe. The majority of protests are organized by groups such as Greenpeace or Extinction Rebellion and have been relatively peaceful, although some have been disruptive with protesters blocking bridges, and trains, similar to the Greenpeace protesters temporarily shutting down the Houston Ship Channel on Thursday. Additionally, a weeklong series of protests are being planned across the world beginning Friday, September 20 as part of a global climate strike action. The relative ease with which the Greenpeace protesters in Baytown were able to shut down a portion of the Houston Ship Channel using a small group of people and the increased focus on climate-related protests highlight the possibility of an increase in similar protests across the United States. As such, Resilience360 customers with cargo interests should anticipate the possibility of disruptions to supply chains due to climate-related protests.",Miscellaneous Events,13/9/19 21:29,https://apnews.com/article/71e047ecff8447a38e3f4ff5db02046a
11,14 miles NE of Jakarta - A magnitude 4.5 earthquake was detected in the region. Incident closed.,"A magnitude 4.5 earthquake was detected 14 miles northeast of Jakarta, Indonesia. There were no initial reports of associated injuries or damage. This incident is closed.",Earthquake,24/9/18 18:33,https://www.channelnewsasia.com/asia/indonesia-jakarta-earthquake-feb-25-4148316
12,17 miles SW of Batangas - A magnitude 5.5 earthquake was detected in Batangas Bay. Incident closed.,"Multiple sources report that a magnitude 5.5 earthquake was detected in the Batangas Bay, approximately 17 miles southwest of Batangas, Philippines. There have been no reports of associated injuries or structural damage. This incident is closed.",Earthquake,31/8/18 15:04,http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-07/03/c_137298593.htm
13,Magnitude 6.2 earthquake reported north of Surabaya,"The US Geological Survey is reporting that a magnitude 6.2 earthquake, at a depth of 592.2 km, has occurred approximately 116 km north of Surbaya. There have been some reports of tremors having been felt although it is estimated that little or no population will be affected.",Earthquake,5/2/20 19:37,https://tass.com/world/966713
14,Delta Flight 472 met by PAPD firefighters at JFK due to brake smoke,"Local media sources indicated on September 20 that Delta flight 472 from Sao Paulo Guarulhos International Airport to New York’s JFK International Airport was met by Port Authority Police Department firefighters upon its landing at 5:30AM on September 20 after reports of smoking brakes. The Delta 767 initially reported overheating brakes mid-air shortly after landing, and the passengers were deplaned normally, with no injuries to report.",Aviation Advisory,21/9/18 13:06,https://www.guycarp.com/insights/2020/07/hurricane-isaias-threatens-much-of-eastern-us-seaboard.html
15,Gatwick Airport (LGW) - British Airways flight 2068 made an emergency landing. Incident closed.,Media sources indicated that British Airways flight 2068 from Port Louis to London made an emergency landing at Gatwick Airport (LGW) due to an unspecified emergency. No injuries were immediately indicated. This incident is closed.,Aviation Advisory,14/3/19 17:17,https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/jul/20/british-airways-plane-in-emergency-landing-at-gatwick
17,"UPDATE - USA: Hurricane Dorian forecast to impact coasts of Georgia and Carolinas, as well as Florida","According to the latest details on 1 September, Hurricane Dorian remains at Category 4 strength as it moves westwards at 8 mph, with maximum sustained winds of 150 mph; just shy of Category 5. Peak winds are predicted to increase to 155 mph. The weather system, previously heading towards Florida's Atlantic coast, is now forecast to target the coasts of Georgia and the Carolinas, where it may approach as a Category 2 system, bringing life-threatening storm surges. The cities of Brunswick, GA; Charleston, SC; and Wilmington, NC, could all see more than six inches of rainfall. A number of Florida’s mandatory evacuation orders have since been postponed, though voluntary requests for evacuations remain across several counties. A significant storm surge and devastating hurricane-force winds are both possible along portions of Florida’s east coast by the early-to-middle part of next week. Even while the majority of computer models predict Dorian to remain just offshore of Florida, officials have warned of significant and potentially devastating impacts. A stretch of Florida's east coast, from Deerfield Beach to Sebastian Inlet, is under a Tropical Storm Watch. Since the storm is predicted to slow down and turn northward as it approaches, the effects from wind, rain and storm surges could be prolonged. Nevertheless, the storm's path could still change and fluctuations in intensity are likely. However, irrespective of the storm’s ultimate course, significant coastal flooding is to be expected.",Aviation Advisory,1/9/19 10:10,https://www.guycarp.com/insights/2019/09/weather-sentinel-category-5-dorian-labor-day-update.html
18,UPDATE: Pakistan partially closes 3 international routes over Karachi until August 31; India threatens to block ships bound for Karachi Port in retaliation,"Updated media reports indicate on August 28 that Pakistan has closed three aviation routes over Karachi from August 28-31, according to the country’s civil aviation authority, after a senior Pakistani minister stated a day earlier that the government was contemplating a complete ban on Indian flights using the country’s airspace. The four-day ban will reportedly expire on September 1. Pilots have been provided with an alternate route to get around restrictions on the Karachi airspace. Reports suggest that the decision was reportedly taken to allow for possible missile test firing in light of recent rising bilateral tensions. In retaliation, senior Indian politician and Bharatiya Janata Party‎ (BJP) leader suggested on Twitter that India should respond by blocking ships bound for the Port of Karachi by placing a naval blockade in the Arabian Sea. Pakistan previously lifted all commercial restrictions over Pakistani airspace on the morning of July 16 after the airspace was closed to civilian flights from February 27 due to tensions between India and Pakistan in the Kashmir region. Bilateral tensions have been simmering this month after Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi revoked Kashmir’s special status. Customers are advised to monitor developments closely and re-route shipments through alternative air and land transport routes should Pakistan decide to close the airspace indefinitely.",Aviation Advisory,28/8/19 2:37,https://www.google.com/search?client=safari&rls=en&q=UPDATE%3A+Pakistan+partially+closes+3+international+routes+over+Karachi+until+August+31%3B+India+threatens+to+block+ships+bound+for+Karachi+Port+in+retaliation&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8
19,Victoria Harbour - Reports of a plane crash were erroneous. Incident closed.,Updated sources are reporting that reports of a small plane crash in Victoria Harbour were erroneous. This incident is closed.,Aviation Advisory,10/5/19 8:26,https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/short-reads/article/3192997/when-plane-plunged-victoria-harbour-hong-kong
20,"Air Arabia flight G9-661 bound for Khartoum makes U-turn over Port Sudan, heading for Jeddah","Flight monitoring sources are reporting a change in the flight plan of Air Arabia flight G9-661 bound for Khartoum on Tuesday, 14 January. The flight from Sharjah, UAE, has made a U-turn over Port Sudan and appears to be diverting to Jeddah. Although not explicitly stated there is a strong potential that this is due to a reported airspace closure of Khartoum amid reports of clashes involving sections of the security forces.",Aviation Advisory,14/1/20 13:12,https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-65444282
21,Beirut International Airport suffers damage from port explosion,"On August 5, media sources reported that Beirut International Airport has suffered damage from the port explosion on August 4. Rafic Hariri International Airport is located 10 kilometers from where the epicenter of the explosion was located. So far, Emirates Airlines has confirmed that flights from Dubai to Beirut continue to operate as scheduled. This is an indication that flight operations will not be impacted by the damage.",Aviation Advisory,5/8/20 21:07,https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/aug/03/port-of-beirut-explosion-aftermath-scars-on-already-broken-lebanon
22,Hurricane Isaias to Impact Florida Coast this Weekend Before Moving up the Eastern Seaboard,"Hurricane Isaias is continuing to strengthen as it moves through the Bahamas towards the east Florida coast. The storm is currently a Category 1 hurricane on the Saffir-Simpson wind scale, with winds of at least 75 miles per hour. Strengthening is expected beginning Friday night and the storm may increase to a Category 2 hurricane. The current forecast shows Isaias skirting the east coast of Florida beginning Saturday night before moving up the East Coast. Landfall is currently forecast sometime on Monday near the South Carolina-North Carolina border. Isaias will then weaken into a tropical storm and is expected to continue moving up the coast, potentially impacting the Northeast coast. Some uncertainty in the track of the storm remains and its possible the storm makes landfall along the upper east coast of Florida late Sunday in addition to the expected landfall in the Carolinas. The National Hurricane Center (NHC) has issued a hurricane warning for portions of the central and southern Atlantic Florida coasts. A state of emergency has been issued for the entire eastern Florida coast as well as for the states of North Carolina and Virginia. 



Assessment: As of this writing, the only evacuations issued are on Ocracoke Island in North Carolina. Evacuations remain a possibility for the coast of Florida as the storm continues to move closer to land and the hurricane track evolves. Airport closures and flight delays also remain a possibility both along the eastern coast of Florida, as well as up the rest of the East Coast as the storm moves up the coastline. Portions of Florida and the Carolinas are forecast to see upwards of five inches of rain and flash flooding is possible along the entire east coast of the United States. Similarly, port closures remain a possibility but as of this writing, none have been issued. Several ports in Florida, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia have been set to Port Condition Whiskey. This means that ports remain open to all commercial and cargo operations but commercial vessels greater than 500 gross tons should begin making plans to depart the port. The strong winds from Isaias are likely to cause widespread power outages across the eastern seaboard. Some outages may be prolonged for multiple days depending on other impacts caused by the storm. Those with interests along the U.S. East Coast are advised to continue monitoring the situation closely. The public should use extreme caution in storm conditions and heed all weather warnings and instructions from local authorities.",Aviation Advisory,31/7/20 23:07,https://www.guycarp.com/insights/2020/07/hurricane-isaias-threatens-much-of-eastern-us-seaboard.html
27,The Search and Rescue Agencies of  Indonesia and Singapore started its 38th,The Search and Rescue Agencies of  Indonesia and Singapore started its 38th Joint Exercise 2020 in Pangkalpinang on the prevention of accidents on vessels and aircraft in an effort to strengthen bilateral ties between both the nations.,Aviation Advisory,15/10/20 7:05,https://www.todayonline.com/world/asia/live-updates-day-6-jan-2-search-airasia-flight-qz8501
28,UPDATE 1 - Attacks on tanker and oil facility indicate growing Houthi intent and capacity to target Saudi strategic infrastructure,"An explosion caused damage to the Greek-operated Agrari oil tanker on 25 November while it was about to depart from Saudi Arabia’s port of Shuqaiq in the Jizan region bordering Yemen. The incident came after Yemen-based Houthi militants fired a cruise missile at a Saudi oil facility in the port city of Jeddah on 23 November.Men stand by debris following an attack at the Saudi Aramco oil facility in Saudi Arabia’s Red Sea city of Jeddah on 24 November 2020.Photo by Fayez Nureldine/AFP via Getty ImagesThe attacks are part of the ongoing Houthi campaign targeting strategic infrastructure in Saudi Arabia, which has intensified since early September. The Greek operator of the oil tanker, TMS Tankers, stated that the tanker was “struck about one meter above the waterline and has suffered a breach”, and added that no injuries were reported. Although local and international media speculated that the tanker was hit by a naval mine, Saudi officials described the incident as a “foiled terrorist act” that occurred when an explosive-laden boat launched by the Houthis was intercepted and destroyed. Either way, IHS Markit assesses that the Houthi are the likely perpetrator of the attack, as the militia has used both marine vehicle-borne improvised explosive devices (UM-VBIEDs) and floating naval mines to target Saudi commercial and military vessels in the Red Sea. No other group has similar capabilities to target Saudi Arabia.The attack on Jeddah demonstrates that the Houthi are still developing more sophisticated missile capabilities. Saudi officials have acknowledged the attack on Jeddah and satellite imagery accessed by IHS Markit confirmed the damage at a fuel tank at Jeddah distribution station. The Houthis stated that attack was perpetrated using a new cruise missile, called Quds-2, which they have not yet publicly unveiled. Houthi military spokesperson Yahya Saree, however, said in an interview released on Houthi social media channels that the new missile was developed to fly at lower altitudes with the aim of reducing the effectiveness of anti-missile systems deployed in Saudi Arabia. A member of the Houthi political bureau, Abd al-Wahhab al-Mahbashi, also stated that the missile was being developed to target the city of Eilat, Israel's southernmost city on the Red Sea, given its growing diplomatic rapprochement with Saudi Arabia. The immediate requirement for the missile was to target Jeddah given Saudi ongoing military operations in Yemen against the movement. The latest threat, which extends to Israel, reflects the propensity of the Houthi’s leadership to further escalate against the coalition by expanding its target set. There has been no evidence, however, of Yemeni insurgent use of missiles with a longer range than 1,100 km, which is not sufficient to target Eilat (approximately 1,600 km from the Houthi-controlled northernmost point in Yemen’s Sadaa province). Any attack on Israel would almost certainly bring a very heavy response, not just from Israel but likely from the United States as well. Houthi cross-border attacks into Saudi Arabia and maritime attacks are likely to intensify, as long as the movement and the coalition do not resume formal negotiations. These attacks reflect the current impasse in peace talks brokered by the United Nations, which have failed to produce any tangible outcome since the Hodeidah ceasefire was signed in December 2018. The likely resumption of Saudi airstrikes in Yemen in response to recent attacks, especially around Sanaa, is expected to lead the movement to intensify its cross-border attacks into Saudi Arabia with missiles and armed drones, with airports, oil facilities, and desalination plants in the south of Saudi Arabia at highest risk, particularly Jizan, Abha, and Najran. Given the group’s ready access to UM-VBIEDs and sea mines, the Red Sea coast is also very likely to continue to be an area of active targeting by the Houthi.Indicators of changing risk environmentIncreasing riskHouthi militants start probing attacks on the northern section of the Red Sea, indicating intent to strike Israel.Houthi militants successfully stage an attack using a combination of cruise missiles and drones, inflicting significant damage to Riyadh or Jeddah airport.Houthi militants stage a cross-border ground attack and seize territory inside Saudi Arabia.Saudi Arabia launches a new campaign of precision airstrikes with Israeli support killing high-profile Houthi leaders.Israel starts covert operations in Yemen.Decreasing riskThe UN calls for a new round of peace talks and both Saudi Arabia and the Houthis agree to implement a ceasefire.© 2020, IHS Markit Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part without permission is prohibited.",Aviation Advisory,26/11/20 9:24,https://www.spglobal.com/commodityinsights/en/market-insights/latest-news/oil/032524-houthis-threaten-saudi-arabias-oil-installations-for-supporting-us-aggression
29,UPDATE 1 - Australia unlikely to directly retaliate against mainland China’s targeted measures; foreign policy position also unlikely to change,"According to Chinese and international media reports, Chinese traders have received an informal notice from authorities that Australian products in seven categories – barley, sugar, lobster, wine, timber, coal, and copper ore and concentrate – will not be cleared in customs from 6 November. The Chinese government has denied that there are any restrictions on Australian commodities, and the implementation of the notice has yet to be confirmed. Australian exporters have nevertheless already cancelled shipments to China and Chinese traders have cancelled orders.The timing and extent of Chinese action against Australian imports give credibility to recent media reporting that this reflects Chinese government policy and not just buyers’ commercial decisions. China-Australia relations have deteriorated significantly in recent months, particularly after the Australian government called for an independent inquiry into the origins of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in April. Beginning in May, Chinese authorities imposed a series of restrictions on Australian imports, ostensibly due to alleged breaches of trade practices (resulting in tariffs on barley) or quality issues found during routine product inspections (affecting some shipments of beef, barley, lobster, and timber). On 9 October, there were reports that some Chinese ports had been told not to accept Australian coal. Although coal import quotas are not uncommon, this came days after a meeting between foreign ministers of the recently revived Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad) nations, comprising Australia, India, Japan, and the United States. China has previously labelled the Quad as an “Asian NATO” (see Australia-India-Japan-US:2 October 2020: Future of Australia-India-Japan-US Quad dialogue and maritime security in the Indo-Pacific). Australian Trade Minister Simon Birmingham has accused China of taking “discriminatory action” against Australia in imposing import restrictions. China has repeatedly denied any targeting of Australia, stating that reduced imports were the result of buyers’ decisions.Given its vulnerability to wider Chinese discrimination against Australian imports, the Australian government is unlikely to retaliate. According to the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, China accounted for 32.6% (AUD153.2 billion, or USD111.1 billion) of its total goods and services exports in the financial year ending 2019. According to China’s National Bureau of Statistics, Australia in 2019 only accounted for 1.9% of mainland Chinese exports globally and 3.8% of mainland China’s exports to the Asia-Pacific and Oceania regions. This indicates that, while China has scope to extend restrictions on other Australian imports, Australia is unlikely to respond in reciprocal measures and equivalent degree. Rather, the Australian government will probably increase conciliatory advances towards China, notably through public statements on the importance of the bilateral relationship. The government is also likely to rein in backbenchers, both within the Liberal-National coalition and the Labor Party opposition, who frequently criticise China publicly. In addition, Australia will probably refrain from taking a prominent role in any further international initiatives challenging China, as it did in April when it led an international call for a COVID-19 inquiry. Repeated Chinese import restrictions are unlikely to result in Australian reversal on foreign policy issues challenged by China, however. Although Australia will avoid taking a prominent role in future international initiatives against China, its participation in the ongoing India-Japan-US Malabar naval exercise this month indicates that the Australian government is unlikely to reverse core policies that are at odds with China. This includes Australia’s commitment to the Quad grouping and its stance on issues such as Hong Kong SAR and the South China Sea. Participation in the current Malabar exercise contrasts with the last time Australia took part in 2007: China’s negative response resulted in the government of then-prime minister Kevin Rudd withdrawing from the exercises and accompanying security talks, resulting in the dissolution of the Quad. Nevertheless, given its economic vulnerability vis-à-vis China, Australia will probably seek to adjust its approach to the Quad and other regional defence activities by minimising its profile. Indicators of changing risk environmentIncreasing riskIf November and December 2020 shipments of Australian coal continue to show signs of regulatory targeting indicated by significant congestions in major ports in mainland China, this would further signal worsening bilateral relationships due to Beijing’s evident refusal to lift restrictions on Australian coal during the winter months – traditionally a period of higher power consumption and coal demand.If China imposes import restrictions or heightens regulatory barriers against Australian iron ore, this would indicate a significant worsening of bilateral relations. In 2019, 62% of China’s iron ore imports came from Australia. The economic cost of Chinese targeting of iron ore would likely be disproportionally borne in China’s infrastructure sector, which remains important in its investment-led economic recovery and relies on an inexpensive and stable supply of steel. Targeted measures against iron ore would indicate both a long-term policy shift of trade diversion from Australia to alternative markets for raw materials as well as intent to significantly damage the Australian economy, given that iron ore is Australia’s largest export to China.The passage into law of draft Australian federal legislation affecting foreign, particularly Chinese, commercial interests in Australia – likely in January 2021 (see Australia:8 June 2020: Proposed changes to Australia’s foreign investment rules likely to target Chinese investors, increasing risk of forced divestments and Australia:4 September 2020: Australia’s proposed legislation on agreements between states/territories and foreign governments indicates increased likelihood of state contract cancellation) – would be a further indicator of the trajectory of relations between Australia and China. Any amendments targeting Chinese interests more explicitly would probably result in a further deterioration of relations, increasing the likelihood of further restrictions on Australian goods and services or other targeted measures against Australian assets.Decreasing riskDirect talks between either Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison and Chinese President Xi Jinping or their respective foreign ministers would increase the likelihood of an improvement in relations.Any delays or a government reversal on passing the draft legislation affecting Chinese interests would slightly decrease the likelihood of further Chinese restrictions on Australian products, as long as Australia avoids further high-profile diplomatic confrontations with China.© 2020, IHS Markit Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part without permission is prohibited.",Aviation Advisory,6/11/20 9:24,https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/release-journalist-unlikely-shift-australias-china-policy-2023-10-12/
30,"WATCH FOR: Road, rail, air, and maritime cargo and transport disruption in Italy during general strike on 25 November","Risk analysis: Several trade unions including USB, Osp Filt-Cgil, Uilt-Uil, Faisa-Cisal, and Confail have called for a general strike of the public transport sector on 25 November. The strike will last four hours and is likely to disrupt road, rail, marine, and air transport and cargo across Italy on the day of the strike. Delays and cancellations to train, bus, taxi, and ferry services, scheduled flights, and shipping operations will be likely at railway stations including Milano Centrale and Roma Termini, airports including Milan Malpensa (MXP) and Rome Ciampino (CIA), and ports including the Port of Genoa and Port of Gioia Tauro. Minimum services will be guaranteed under Italian law.© 2020, IHS Markit Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part without permission is prohibited.",Aviation Advisory,19/11/20 11:24,https://www.wantedinrome.com/news/italy-faces-national-general-strike-by-public-sector-workers-on-25-november.html