disease_next_steps = { "tumor": [ "Schedule oncologist consultation for diagnosis.", "Obtain biopsy and imaging for tumor characterization.", "Discuss treatment options including surgery or chemotherapy.", "Plan supportive care and monitoring for complications." ], "heart": [ "Schedule ECG and echocardiogram.", "Check cholesterol and lipid profile.", "Adopt a heart-healthy diet with reduced sodium.", "Discuss stress testing with your cardiologist." ], "diabetes": [ "Monitor daily blood glucose levels.", "Schedule HbA1c blood test every 3-6 months.", "Consult a dietitian for meal planning.", "Start regular physical activity tailored to needs." ], "cancer": [ "Schedule oncologist consultation for staging.", "Obtain biopsy and necessary imaging.", "Discuss chemotherapy, radiation, or surgery options.", "Plan supportive care, including nutrition and counseling." ], "hypertension": [ "Measure blood pressure at home daily.", "Reduce salt and processed food intake.", "Discuss antihypertensive medications with your doctor.", "Schedule regular follow-up appointments." ], "stroke": [ "Seek emergency medical care immediately.", "Undergo brain imaging (CT/MRI).", "Enroll in a stroke rehabilitation program.", "Review and manage risk factors to prevent recurrence." ], "asthma": [ "Schedule lung function testing.", "Review and practice correct inhaler technique.", "Identify and avoid environmental triggers.", "Develop a written asthma action plan." ], "arthritis": [ "Schedule rheumatology consultation for management plan.", "Begin physical therapy to maintain joint mobility.", "Consider anti-inflammatory or disease-modifying medications.", "Monitor joint swelling and pain progression." ], "migraine": [ "Keep a detailed headache diary to identify triggers.", "Consider prophylactic migraine medication if frequent.", "Use prescribed acute pain relief as needed.", "Practice stress reduction techniques like mindfulness." ], "depression": [ "Schedule mental health evaluation.", "Discuss therapy options such as CBT or counseling.", "Consider antidepressant medication if indicated.", "Monitor mood and symptoms regularly." ], "anemia": [ "Get blood tests for iron, B12, and folate levels.", "Begin iron or vitamin supplementation if indicated.", "Investigate underlying causes with your doctor.", "Schedule follow-up blood tests to monitor improvement." ], "allergy": [ "Schedule allergy testing to identify specific triggers.", "Start daily antihistamine therapy as needed.", "Develop an avoidance plan for known allergens.", "Discuss immunotherapy (allergy shots) for long-term relief." ], "obesity": [ "Calculate BMI and set personalized weight goals.", "Consult with a nutritionist for meal planning.", "Begin a regular exercise routine.", "Consider behavioral counseling or medical therapy if indicated." ], "epilepsy": [ "Schedule EEG testing for seizure characterization.", "Start or adjust anti-seizure medication regimen.", "Educate family about seizure first aid.", "Schedule neurology follow-up for medication monitoring." ], "dementia": [ "Conduct formal cognitive testing.", "Rule out reversible causes (e.g., B12 deficiency).", "Establish safety measures in the home.", "Schedule neurology or geriatrics follow-up." ], "autism": [ "Schedule a comprehensive developmental assessment.", "Begin behavioral and speech therapy if recommended.", "Coordinate school-based support services.", "Educate caregivers about autism spectrum strategies." ], "parkinson": [ "Conduct neurological evaluation for symptom assessment.", "Discuss initiation of dopaminergic therapy.", "Begin physical and occupational therapy.", "Plan regular follow-up visits with a neurologist." ], "leukemia": [ "Schedule hematology-oncology consultation.", "Get complete blood count (CBC) and bone marrow biopsy.", "Discuss chemotherapy treatment options.", "Plan supportive care, including infection prevention." ], "glaucoma": [ "Schedule comprehensive ophthalmology evaluation.", "Begin eye drop therapy to reduce intraocular pressure.", "Monitor intraocular pressure at regular intervals.", "Consider laser or surgical options if indicated." ], "sclerosis": [ "Schedule neurology evaluation for symptom assessment.", "Consider disease-modifying therapy if indicated.", "Begin physical and occupational therapy.", "Monitor disease progression with regular follow-up." ], "hepatitis": [ "Get liver function tests and hepatitis panel.", "Determine hepatitis type (A, B, C).", "Discuss antiviral therapy options if needed.", "Schedule regular monitoring for liver damage." ], "kidney": [ "Schedule nephrology consultation for staging.", "Check blood creatinine and GFR levels.", "Implement dietary changes to reduce sodium and protein.", "Monitor blood pressure closely." ], "thyroid": [ "Get TSH, T3, and T4 blood tests.", "Begin thyroid hormone replacement if indicated.", "Monitor symptoms and medication side effects.", "Schedule endocrinology follow-up for dose adjustments." ], "HIV": [ "Get confirmatory HIV testing with viral load.", "Start antiretroviral therapy immediately.", "Monitor CD4 count and viral load regularly.", "Counsel on safe sexual practices and transmission prevention." ], "AIDS": [ "Get confirmatory HIV testing with viral load.", "Start antiretroviral therapy immediately.", "Monitor CD4 count and viral load regularly.", "Counsel on safe sexual practices and transmission prevention." ], "malaria": [ "Get diagnostic blood smear or rapid test.", "Start antimalarial medication promptly.", "Monitor for complications like anemia or cerebral malaria.", "Educate on prevention with bed nets and repellents." ], "tuberculosis": [ "Get diagnostic tests: sputum test and chest X-ray.", "Start multi-drug antibiotic therapy as prescribed.", "Adhere strictly to the full treatment duration.", "Schedule monthly follow-up visits for monitoring." ], "chickenpox": [ "Confirm diagnosis and isolate to prevent spread.", "Take antiviral medication if prescribed.", "Relieve itching with calamine lotion or oatmeal baths.", "Monitor for complications such as bacterial skin infection." ], "covid19": [ "Get confirmatory PCR or antigen testing.", "Isolate to prevent spread to others.", "Monitor symptoms and oxygen saturation at home.", "Seek emergency care if breathing difficulty or chest pain occurs." ], "influenza": [ "Get rapid influenza testing if needed.", "Start antiviral medication if within treatment window.", "Rest, hydrate, and manage fever with acetaminophen.", "Monitor for respiratory complications or worsening symptoms." ], "smallpox": [ "Seek emergency medical care immediately.", "Implement strict isolation precautions.", "Report to public health authorities.", "Supportive care for symptoms and potential antiviral therapy." ], "measles": [ "Confirm diagnosis with serology or PCR testing.", "Isolate to prevent transmission.", "Manage symptoms with supportive care (fluids, fever control).", "Monitor for complications like pneumonia or encephalitis." ], "polio": [ "Confirm diagnosis via stool or throat sample testing.", "Supportive care for symptom management.", "Implement physical therapy if paralysis occurs.", "Monitor respiratory function and prevent complications." ], "cholera": [ "Immediate oral or IV rehydration therapy.", "Start antibiotics if indicated.", "Maintain strict hygiene to prevent spread.", "Monitor electrolytes and kidney function closely." ], "botulism": [ "Seek emergency medical care immediately.", "Administer botulinum antitoxin if indicated.", "Provide supportive care for breathing and swallowing.", "Monitor for complications in ICU if needed." ], "lyme disease": [ "Confirm diagnosis with serology or clinical evaluation.", "Start appropriate antibiotic therapy.", "Monitor for progression or neurological involvement.", "Educate on tick avoidance and preventive measures." ], "dengue fever": [ "Confirm diagnosis with blood tests.", "Monitor platelet counts daily if hospitalized.", "Maintain strict hydration.", "Seek immediate care if bleeding, severe abdominal pain, or persistent vomiting develops." ], "typhoid": [ "Confirm diagnosis with blood or stool culture.", "Start appropriate antibiotic therapy.", "Maintain hydration and proper nutrition.", "Monitor for complications like intestinal perforation." ], "herpes simplex": [ "Confirm diagnosis with PCR or culture if needed.", "Start antiviral therapy if indicated.", "Educate on preventing transmission to others.", "Monitor for recurrent outbreaks and manage symptoms." ], "herpes zoster": [ "Confirm diagnosis clinically or with PCR.", "Start antiviral therapy within 72 hours of rash onset.", "Relieve pain with analgesics or topical treatments.", "Monitor for complications like postherpetic neuralgia." ], "chronic fatigue syndrome": [ "Conduct comprehensive evaluation to rule out other causes.", "Develop pacing strategies for daily activities.", "Consider cognitive behavioral therapy and graded exercise therapy.", "Monitor symptom progression and adjust management plan accordingly." ], "fibromyalgia": [ "Confirm diagnosis based on clinical criteria.", "Start pharmacologic management for pain and sleep disturbances.", "Encourage low-impact exercise and physical therapy.", "Implement stress reduction techniques and support counseling." ], "sleep apnea": [ "Schedule overnight sleep study (polysomnography).", "Consider CPAP therapy or dental appliance for airway support.", "Evaluate for weight loss or lifestyle modification needs.", "Monitor symptoms and adherence to treatment regularly." ], "narcolepsy": [ "Schedule sleep study with multiple sleep latency testing.", "Start stimulant or wakefulness-promoting medications as indicated.", "Educate about safety measures and scheduled naps.", "Monitor symptoms and adjust treatment as needed." ], "insomnia": [ "Identify underlying causes and contributing factors.", "Implement sleep hygiene strategies.", "Consider cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia.", "Start pharmacologic treatment if indicated and monitor effects." ], "meningitis": [ "Seek urgent medical evaluation and lumbar puncture for diagnosis.", "Start empiric antibiotics if bacterial meningitis suspected.", "Provide supportive care for hydration and symptom management.", "Monitor for complications and follow-up after treatment." ], "encephalitis": [ "Confirm diagnosis with MRI and CSF analysis.", "Start antiviral or supportive therapy as indicated.", "Monitor neurological status closely in hospital setting.", "Provide rehabilitation for residual neurological deficits." ], "brain abscess": [ "Confirm diagnosis with imaging (CT or MRI).", "Start intravenous antibiotics promptly.", "Consider surgical drainage if indicated.", "Monitor for neurological deterioration and follow-up imaging." ], "spinal cord infection": [ "Obtain MRI and laboratory testing for confirmation.", "Start targeted antimicrobial therapy.", "Monitor neurological function closely.", "Consider surgical intervention if abscess or compression occurs." ], "Guillain-Barré syndrome": [ "Hospitalize for monitoring of respiratory function.", "Start intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) or plasma exchange therapy.", "Monitor motor strength and autonomic function closely.", "Provide rehabilitation for recovery of mobility and function." ], "toxoplasmosis": [ "Confirm diagnosis via serology or PCR testing.", "Start antiparasitic therapy if indicated.", "Monitor for neurological or ocular complications.", "Educate immunocompromised patients about prevention measures." ], "pericarditis": [ "Obtain ECG, echocardiogram, and inflammatory markers.", "Start anti-inflammatory therapy (NSAIDs or colchicine).", "Monitor for complications like pericardial effusion.", "Schedule follow-up evaluation with cardiologist." ], "sjogren’s syndrome": [ "Confirm diagnosis with blood tests and salivary/lacrimal gland evaluation.", "Start symptomatic treatment for dry eyes and mouth.", "Consider immunomodulatory therapy if systemic involvement exists.", "Schedule regular follow-up with rheumatologist." ], "trigeminal neuralgia": [ "Confirm diagnosis clinically and rule out secondary causes with imaging.", "Start anticonvulsant therapy for pain relief.", "Consider surgical intervention if medical therapy fails.", "Monitor pain frequency and medication side effects." ], "rectal cancer": [ "Schedule colonoscopy and imaging for staging.", "Discuss surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiation options.", "Implement supportive care including nutrition and counseling.", "Schedule regular follow-up for surveillance and recurrence prevention." ], "cardiac": [ "Schedule ECG and echocardiogram.", "Check cholesterol and lipid profile.", "Monitor blood pressure regularly.", "Adopt a heart-healthy diet with reduced sodium and saturated fats.", "Discuss stress testing with your cardiologist." ], "inflammation": [ "Order CRP and ESR blood tests.", "Evaluate for autoimmune markers (ANA, RF).", "Rule out chronic infections or inflammatory diseases.", "Adopt an anti-inflammatory diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids." ], "vitamin": [ "Check vitamin D, B12, folate, and iron levels.", "Review dietary intake and consider supplementation.", "Encourage sun exposure (for vitamin D).", "Monitor for symptoms of deficiency (fatigue, neuropathy, anemia)." ], "electrolyte": [ "Check sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and chloride levels.", "Assess hydration status.", "Review medications that affect electrolyte balance (diuretics, ACE inhibitors).", "Provide supplementation or restriction based on results." ], "blood-pressure": [ "Monitor blood pressure at home daily.", "Limit sodium intake and processed foods.", "Increase physical activity with regular aerobic exercise.", "Discuss antihypertensive medications if readings remain high." ], "cbc": [ "Review hemoglobin, WBC, and platelet counts.", "Screen for anemia if hemoglobin is low.", "Investigate infection or inflammation if WBC is elevated.", "Consider hematology referral for abnormal platelet counts." ], "iron": [ "Check serum ferritin and iron studies.", "Screen for anemia and fatigue symptoms.", "Assess diet for iron intake (red meat, leafy greens).", "Consider iron supplementation if levels are low." ], "liver": [ "Order liver function tests (ALT, AST, bilirubin).", "Screen for viral hepatitis.", "Assess alcohol intake and metabolic syndrome.", "Consider liver ultrasound for persistent abnormalities." ], "respiratory": [ "Check oxygen saturation and respiratory rate.", "Evaluate for asthma, COPD, or pneumonia symptoms.", "Order chest X-ray or pulmonary function tests if indicated.", "Encourage smoking cessation and vaccination (flu, pneumonia)." ], "coagulation": [ "Order PT/INR and aPTT tests.", "Screen for bleeding or clotting disorders.", "Review medication history (warfarin, heparin, DOACs).", "Consult hematology if abnormal results persist." ], "hormone": [ "Check thyroid function tests (TSH, T3, T4).", "Screen for cortisol, testosterone, and estrogen imbalances.", "Evaluate symptoms of hormonal deficiency or excess.", "Refer to endocrinology for persistent abnormalities." ], "infection": [ "Order CBC with differential for infection signs.", "Screen for specific infections (HIV, TB, hepatitis, COVID-19).", "Monitor temperature and vital signs.", "Start empiric antibiotics if clinically indicated." ], "blood-gas": [ "Order arterial blood gas (ABG) test.", "Check pH, PaCO₂, and bicarbonate levels.", "Differentiate between respiratory and metabolic causes.", "Provide oxygen or ventilation support as needed." ], "vitals": [ "Record temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation.", "Establish baseline and monitor trends.", "Identify abnormal values early for intervention.", "Reassess regularly in acute and chronic conditions." ] }