Binaryy/baby_lm · Datasets at Hugging Face

0 stringlengths 0 21.4k	__index_level_0__ int64 1 12.5M
A draw would be conducted, if necessary. The club that finished at the top of the table is declared stage champion and qualifies for the Suntory Championship. The first stage winner, hosts the first leg in the championship series. If a single club wins both stages, the club is declared the season champions and championship series will not be held. Meanwhile, the last-placed (16th-placed) club must play Pro/Rele Series at the end of the season.	12,463,301
<onlyinclude></onlyinclude>	12,463,302
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Yokohama F. Marinos won the first stage and thus hosted the first game. They won the first leg by 1–0 thanks to Ryuji Kawai's goal. In the second leg, Alessandro Santos scored from the free kick in 76th minute to level the aggregate score. The clubs played in sudden death extra time, however neither club could break the scoreline. Yokohama upset the home club in the penalties winning them and series overall.	12,463,304
<onlyinclude></onlyinclude>	12,463,305
	12,463,306
= = = Pacheedaht First Nation = = =	12,463,307
	12,463,308
The Pacheedaht First Nation is a First Nations band government based on the west coast of Vancouver Island in British Columbia, Canada. Although the Pacheedaht people are Nuu-chah-nulth-aht by culture and language, they are not a member of the Nuu-chah-nulth Tribal Council and define themselves differently.	12,463,309
The government has 4 reserve lands for a total of approximately 180 hectares: Pacheena #1, Gordon River #2, Cullite #3, Queesidaquah #4.	12,463,310
	12,463,311
= = = Richard E. Cavazos = = =	12,463,312
	12,463,313
Richard Edward Cavazos (January 31, 1929 – October 29, 2017), was a United States Army four-star general. He was a Korean War recipient of the Distinguished Service Cross as a first lieutenant and advanced in rank to become the United States Army's first Hispanic four-star general. During the Vietnam War, as a lieutenant colonel, Cavazos was awarded a second Distinguished Service Cross. In 1976, Cavazos became the first Mexican American to reach the rank of brigadier general in the U.S. Army. Cavazos served for thirty-three years, with his final command as head of the U.S. Army Forces Command.	12,463,314
Richard Cavazos, a Mexican-American, was born on January 31, 1929 in Kingsville, Texas. His brother is former U.S. Secretary of Education (1988-1990) Lauro Cavazos. He graduated as the distinguished graduate from the ROTC program at Texas Technological University in 1951. He then earned a B.S. degree in geology from Texas Technological College (now Texas Tech University) in 1951, where he played on the football team and was a distinguished graduate of the ROTC program. He received further military education at the U.S. Army Command and Staff College, the British Army Staff College, the Armed Forces Staff College, and the U.S. Army War College. He received basic officer training at Fort Benning, Georgia, followed by training at Airborne School. He then deployed to Korea with the 65th Infantry.	12,463,315
During the Korean War, as a member of the 65th Infantry Regiment, a unit of mostly natives of Puerto Rico, he distinguished himself, receiving both the Silver Star and Distinguished Service Cross for his heroic actions.	12,463,316
On February 25, 1953, Cavazos' Company E was attacked by the enemy. During the fight against a numerically superior enemy force, Cavazos distinguished himself and received the Silver Star for his actions. His company was able to emerge victorious from the battle. On June 14, 1953, Cavazos again distinguished himself during an attack on Hill 142, and was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross for his heroic actions on that day.	12,463,317
On September 10, 1953, per General Orders No. 832, Cavazos was awarded his first Distinguished Service Cross for his actions during the Korean War. His citation reads:	12,463,318
In February 1967, Cavazos, then a lieutenant colonel, became commander of the 1st Battalion, 18th Infantry Regiment. In October and November 1967, his battalion was engaged in fighting near the Cambodian border. During an attack at Loc Ninh in October 1967, his unit was able to repulse the enemy. For his valiant leadership at Loc Ninh, he was awarded a second Distinguished Service Cross.	12,463,319
On December 17, 1967, per General Orders No. 6479, Lieutenant Colonel Cavazos was awarded his second Distinguished Service Cross for his actions on October 30, 1967. His citation reads:	12,463,320
After Vietnam, Cavazos served as commander of the 2nd Brigade, 1st Infantry Division, and commander, 9th Infantry Division.	12,463,321
In 1976, Cavazos became the first Hispanic to reach the rank of brigadier general in the U.S. Army. In 1980, he became commander of III Corps — and is recognized for his innovative leadership of the Corps.	12,463,322
In 1982, Cavazos again made military history by being appointed the Army's first Hispanic four-star general. The same year, Cavazos assumed command of the U.S. Army Forces Command (FORSCOM). His early support for the National Training Center and his involvement in the development of the Battle Command Training Program enormously influenced the war fighting capabilities of the U.S. Army.	12,463,323
On June 17, 1984, after thirty three years of distinguished service, General Cavazos retired from the U.S. Army.	12,463,324
In 1985, Cavazos was appointed to the Chemical Warfare Review Committee by President Reagan. Cavazos served on the Board of Regents of his alma mater, Texas Tech University.	12,463,325
Born in Kingsville, TX, Cavazos grew up on King Ranch. Cavazos was married with four children. He resided in San Antonio, Texas.	12,463,326
He was the brother of Lauro Cavazos, former Texas Tech University President and former U.S. Secretary of Education.	12,463,327
Cavazos died at the age of 88 in San Antonio on October 29, 2017 due to complications of Alzheimer's disease. He is buried with full military honors at Fort Sam Houston National Cemetery.	12,463,328
Cavazos' military awards include two Distinguished Service Crosses, Army Distinguished Service Medal, a Silver Star,Defense Superior Service Medal, two Legion of Merit awards, five Bronze Stars, the Purple Heart, the Combat Infantryman Badge, a Parachutist Badge. Cavazos has also been awarded an honorary lifetime membership in the National Guard Association of Texas; was inducted into the Fort Leavenworth Hall of Fame and Ranger Regiment Association Hall of Fame; and received the Doughboy Award of National Infantry Association, 1991.	12,463,329
	12,463,330
= = = Judeo-Moroccan Arabic = = =	12,463,331
	12,463,332
Judeo-Moroccan Arabic is a variety of the Arabic Language spoken by Jews living or formerly living in Morocco and Algeria. Speakers of the language are usually older adults.	12,463,333
The vast majority of Moroccan Jews and Algerian Jews have relocated to Israel and have switched to using Hebrew as their home language. Those in France typically use French as their first language, while the few still left in Morocco and Algeria tend to use either French, Moroccan or Algerian Arabic in their everyday lives.	12,463,334
Widely used in the Jewish community during its long history there, the Moroccan dialect of Judeo-Arabic has many influences from languages other than Arabic, including Spanish (due to the close proximity of Spain), Haketia or Moroccan Judeo-Spanish, due to the influx of Sephardic refugees from Spain after the 1492 expulsion, and French (due to the period in which Morocco was colonized by France), and, of course, the inclusion of many Hebrew loanwords and phrases (a feature of all Jewish languages). The dialect has considerable mutual intelligibility with Judeo-Tunisian Arabic, and some with Judeo-Tripolitanian Arabic, but almost none with Judeo-Iraqi Arabic.	12,463,335
The vast majority of Morocco's 265,000 Jews emigrated to Israel after 1948, with significant emigration to Europe (mainly France) and North America as well. Although about 3,000 Jews remain in Morocco today, most of the younger generations speak French as their first language, rather than Arabic, and their Arabic is more akin to Moroccan Arabic than to Judeo-Arabic. There are estimated to be 8,925 speakers in Morocco, mostly in Casablanca and Fes, and 250,000 in Israel (where speakers reported bilingualism with Hebrew). Most speakers, in both countries, are elderly. There is a Judeo-Arabic radio program on Israeli radio.	12,463,336
Hello: שלום עליכם, Shalom ˁaleykhem<br>	12,463,337
Goodbye: בסלמא b'shlaama / בסלמא עליך b'shlaama ˁleek<br>	12,463,338
Thanks: מרסי mersi<br>	12,463,339
Yes: אה, 'ēh<br>	12,463,340
No: לא laa<br>	12,463,341
How are you?: אש כבארך? aas khbaark?<br>	12,463,342
Fine, thank you: לא באס, מרסי laa baas, mersi<br>	12,463,343
Fine / No problems: לא באס laa baas<br>	12,463,344
	12,463,345
= = = Africa Addio = = =	12,463,346
	12,463,347
Africa Addio (also known as Africa: Blood and Guts in the United States and Farewell Africa in the United Kingdom) is a 1966 Italian mondo documentary film co-directed, co-edited and co-written by Gualtiero Jacopetti and Franco Prosperi with music by Riz Ortolani. The film is about the end of the colonial era in Africa. The film was shot over a period of three years by Jacopetti and Prosperi, who had gained fame (along with co-director Paolo Cavara) as the directors of "Mondo Cane" in 1962. This film ensured the viability of the so-called Mondo film genre, a cycle of "shockumentaries"- documentaries featuring sensational topics, a description which largely characterizes "Africa Addio".	12,463,348
The film includes footage of the Zanzibar revolution, which included the massacre of 1964, which claimed the lives of approximately 5,000 Arabs (estimates range up to 20,000 in the aftermath), as well as of the aftermath of the Mau Mau Uprising in Kenya.	12,463,349
Prior to the film's release, allegations that a scene depicting the execution of a Congolese Simba Rebel had been staged for the camera resulted in co-director Gualtiero Jacopetti's arrest on charges of murder. The film's footage was seized by police, and the editing process was halted during the legal proceedings. He was acquitted after he and co-director Franco Prosperi produced documents proving they had arrived at the scene just before the execution took place.	12,463,350
Jacopetti has stated that all images in the film are real and that nothing was ever staged. In the documentary "The Godfathers of Mondo", the co-directors stressed that the only scenes they ever staged were in "Mondo Cane 2". In the same documentary, Prosperi described their filmmaking philosophy: “Slip in, ask, never pay, never reenact.”	12,463,351
The film has appeared in a number of different versions. The Italian and French versions were edited and were provided with narration by Jacopetti himself. The American version, with the explicitly shocking title "Africa: Blood and Guts", was edited and translated without the approval of Jacopetti. Indeed, the differences are such that Jacopetti has called this film a betrayal of the original idea. Notable differences are thus present between the Italian and English-language versions in terms of the text of the film. Many advocates of the film feel that it has unfairly maligned the original intentions of the filmmakers. For example, the subtitled translation of the opening crawl in the Italian version reads:	12,463,352
The English version:	12,463,353
Various cuts of the film have appeared over the years. IMDb lists the total runtime as 140 minutes, and a 'complete' version on YouTube runs closest to that at 138 minutes, 35 seconds. This is an Italian language version, with a clear soundtrack and legible English subtitling.	12,463,354
IMDb lists the different runtimes for previously released versions: USA- 122'; Norway- 124'; and Sweden- 116'. An English-language version currently released by Blue Underground runs 128 minutes. The film was released as "Africa Blood and Guts" in the USA in 1970, at only 83 minutes (over 45 minutes removed in order to focus exclusively on scenes of carnage); according to the text of the box for the Blue Underground release, directors Jacopetti and Prosperi both disowned this version. An R-rated version runs at 80 minutes.	12,463,355
The documentary was written, directed, and edited jointly by Gualtiero Jacopetti and Franco Prosperi and was narrated by Sergio Rossi (not to be confused with the fashion designer of the same name). It was produced by Angelo Rizzoli.	12,463,356
The film was also successful in the USA, where John Cohen published a book of the same name.	12,463,357
In 1968 at the Carnival of Viareggio, a float inspired by the film took part and made by the master of papier-mâché Il Barzella. Some items from this float, along with other memorabilia including a copy of the book by John Cohen, are kept in Museum of Dizionario del Turismo Cinematografico in Verolengo.	12,463,358
Film critic Roger Ebert, in a scathing 1967 review of the American version of the film, called it "racist" and stated that it "slanders a continent". He noted the opening narration and subtitles:	12,463,359
"Europe has abandoned her baby," the narrator mourns, "just when it needs her the most." Who has taken over, now that the colonialists have left? The advertising spells it out for us: "Raw, wild, brutal, modern-day savages!"	12,463,360
In West Germany, a protest movement against the film emerged after "Africa Addio" was awarded by the state-controlled movie rating board (Filmbewertungsstelle Wiesbaden). The protest was chiefly organized by the Socialist German Student Union (SDS) and groups of African students. In West Berlin, the distributor resigned from showing the film after a series of demonstrations and damage to cinemas. Today, the protests against "Africa Addio" are regarded as being the first anti-racist movement in German history.	12,463,361
Jacopetti and Prosperi responded to the criticism by defending their intentions. In the 2003 documentary "The Godfathers of Mondo", Prosperi argues that the criticism was due to the fact that, "The public was not ready for this kind of truth," and Jacopetti explicitly states that the film “was not a justification of colonialism, but a condemnation for leaving the continent in a miserable condition.” The subsequent film collaboration between the two men, "Addio Zio Tom", explored the horrors of American racial slavery and was intended (in part) to combat the charges of racism leveled against them following the release of "Africa Addio" (though it too was criticized for perceived racism, particularly by Ebert).	12,463,362
A soundtrack of the music used in the film was later released. The composer was Riz Ortolani (who had scored "Mondo Cane" that featured the tune later used for the hit single "More"). When making "Africa Addio", lyrics were added to Ortolani's title theme, making a song called "Who Can Say?" that was sung by Jimmy Roselli. The song did not appear in the film, but (unlike the successful song "More" spawned by "Mondo Cane") did appear on the United Artists Records soundtrack album.	12,463,363
	12,463,364
= = = The Blast (magazine) = = =	12,463,365
	12,463,366
The Blast was a semi-monthly anarchist periodical published by Alexander Berkman in San Francisco, California, USA from 1916 through 1917. The publication had roots in Emma Goldman's magazine "Mother Earth," having been launched when her former consort Berkman left his editorial position at that publication.	12,463,367
"Mother Earth" was an anarchist magazine established in New York City in March 1906 by Russian-Jewish émigré Emma Goldman (1869-1940) and Max Baginski (1864-1943). Beginning in March 1907, the editorial staff was joined by Alexander Berkman (1870-1936), a consort of Goldman's since 1886.	12,463,368
Berkman had gained fame (or infamy) for his part in the July 1892 attempted assassination of Henry Clay Frick, the manager of the Carnegie Steel Company who in the previous month had emerged victorious in the bitter and violent Homestead Strike of the company's steel works at Homestead, Pennsylvania. Jailed for his failed attempt at political murder, Berkman was only released in May 1906, having served 14 years in prison for his crime. Berkman's joining of the editorial staff of "Mother Earth" was thus in the nature of a reunion.	12,463,369
In September 1914 Berkman and Goldman split, with Berkman hitting the road in an attempt to organize "Anti-Militarist Leagues" in opposition to World War I and to federate the dispersed array of local anarchist groups into a unified organization. He arrived in California in the spring of 1915 where he became involved in the defense of Mathew Schmidt and David Caplan, anarchists recently arrested following years living underground in connection with the October 1910 fatal bombing of the newspaper plant of the conservative "Los Angeles Times." Berkman became a primary organizer of the Caplan-Schmidt Defense League in the summer of 1915 and henceforth devoted the bulk of his time to this legal fight, ending his formal editorial connection with "Mother Earth."	12,463,370
The first issue of "The Blast" appeared dated January 15, 1916 with cover art by anarchist cartoonist Robert Minor. Joining Editor and Publisher Berkman at the time of the 8-page magazine's launch was E.B. Morton as Associate Editor and M. Eleanor Fitzgerald as Business Manager.	12,463,371
In an introductory editorial statement, Berkman noted that the provocatively-named publication would be both destructive and constructive in intent:	12,463,372
"Before a garden can bloom, the weeds must be uprooted. Nothing is therefore more important than to destroy. Nothing more necessary and difficult...	12,463,373
"To destroy the Old and the False is the most vital work. We emphasize it: to blast the bulwarks of slavery and oppression is of primal necessity. It is the beginning of really lasting construction."	12,463,374
The journal was originally conceived by Berkman as a "revolutionary labor paper" rather than a strictly anarchist newspaper. "The Blast" focused on the California labor situation and provided news about national labor events and leaders of radical political movements.	12,463,375
Berkman ultimately published 29 issues of "The Blast."	12,463,376
The sensational July 1916 Preparedness Day Bombing of the San Francisco Preparedness Day Parade — a terrorist attack which killed 8 and wounded more than 40 others — took place while Berkman was already publishing "The Blast" in that same city. The editorial location of the semi-monthly anarchist magazine combined with its inflammatory name proved irresistible to local authorities, who raided the paper's offices on July 29, 1916 without a search warrant. No evidence was located on the premises and there were no arrests made.	12,463,377
When radical labor leaders Warren K. Billings and Tom Mooney as well as Mooney's wife Rena Mooney and two others, were arrested for the crime, Berkman again had occasion to take part in a nationwide legal defense effort, cooperating closely with Mooney-Billings Defense Committee principal Robert Minor in the effort.	12,463,378
In addition to founding the first local Mooney-Billings defense organization, Berkman travelled the country raising funds and public consciousness in support of the effort and winning the commitment of prominent New York attorney W. Bourke Cockran to work on the case on a pro bono basis. Many pages of "The Blast," unsurprisingly, were committed to the Mooney-Billings defense effort. This activity lead to another police raid on "The Blast's" offices on December 31, 1916. In this second raid the publication's mailing list and editorial correspondence was seized.	12,463,379
By May 1917 the editorial office of "The Blast" had been moved from the uncomfortably tense San Francisco to New York City, where it was located in the same building as the editorial office of "Mother Earth." Shortly thereafter California authorities, despite having "absolutely no real evidence to go on" from their December raid, nevertheless obtained a grand jury indictment of Berkman on a charge of murder in association with the Preparedness Day bombing. By the time of the California indictment Berkman had already been arrested and detained in New York City along with Emma Goldman on charges of conspiracy to undermine wartime conscription, however, and the West coast case against him came to naught.	12,463,380
"The Blast" was shut down in June 1917 in the aftermath of Berkman's arrest for encouraging resistance to the draft. The publication's final issue, dated June 1, 1917, featured an anti-militarist cartoon by Maurice Becker on the cover and a short piece signed by Berkman inside which boldly declared:	12,463,381
"Conscription is the abdication of your rights as a citizen. Conscription is the cemetery where every vestige of your liberty is to be buried. Registration is its undertaker.	12,463,382
"No man with red blood in his veins can be forced to fight against his will. But you cannot successfully oppose conscription if you approve of, or submit to, registration...	12,463,383
"The consistent conscientious objector to human slaughter will neither register nor be conscripted."	12,463,384
For their opposition to the American war effort, Berkman and Goldman were convicted of conspiracy to induce people not to register for the draft, as called for by the Selective Service Act of 1917. Both were sentenced to two years in federal prison and began serving their sentences on February 2, 1918. Berkman would spend the duration of the war and all of 1919 in the Atlanta Federal Penitentiary before being deported to Soviet Russia along with Goldman aboard the so-called Red Ark at the end of year, together with 200 other anarchists and sundry radicals.	12,463,385
The complete run of 29 issues of "The Blast" were re-published in book form by anarchist publisher AK Press in 2005.	12,463,386
	12,463,387
= = = Fetal trimethadione syndrome = = =	12,463,388
	12,463,389
Fetal trimethadione syndrome (also known as paramethadione syndrome, German syndrome, tridione syndrome, among others) is a set of birth defects caused by the administration of the anticonvulsants trimethadione (also known as Tridione) or paramethadione to epileptic mothers during pregnancy.	12,463,390
Fetal trimethadione syndrome is classified as a rare disease by the National Institute of Health's Office of Rare Diseases, meaning it affects less than 200,000 individuals in the United States.	12,463,391
The fetal loss rate while using trimethadione has been reported to be as high as 87%.	12,463,392
Fetal trimethadione syndrome is characterized by the following major symptoms as a result of the teratogenic characteristics of trimethadione.	12,463,393
	12,463,394
= = = Wake Up Call (Maroon 5 song) = = =	12,463,395
	12,463,396
"Wake Up Call" is a song by American pop rock band Maroon 5. It was released on July 17, 2007, as the second single from their second studio album "It Won't Be Soon Before Long" (2007). The band performed the song on "45th at Night", which originally included a special guest Eve for the remix version, but never officially recorded. However, the band later requested artist Mary J. Blige with musician Mark Ronson to do the song's official remix version. The remix was released on November 13, 2007 and included on the band's "" (2008).	12,463,397
It is also featured on the television shows, "Entourage" and "The Hills". Before the release of "Wake Up Call", the band promoted by performing it a half-step lower. The song was BBC Radio 1 playlisted for the playlist week beginning July 18, 2007. As of June 2014, the song has sold 1,821,000 copies in the US.	12,463,398
The band confirmed the song as the album's second single on MTV's "Total Request Live" on May 22, 2007.	12,463,399
The music video for "Wake Up Call" is directed by Jonas Åkerlund. The video is presented as a trailer for an imaginary NC-17-rated film. It features Adam Levine's leading lady for the video, Kim Smith, talking with the suspicious Levine, asking for his forgiveness since she had sex with another man whom Levine doesn't know and who serves as the antagonist. As the video progresses, Levine arrives home and hears noises coming from the bedroom. He kicks down the door and catches his girlfriend cheating on him with the other man (played by Jeremy Sisto).	12,463,400

A draw would be conducted, if necessary. The club that finished at the top of the table is declared stage champion and qualifies for the Suntory Championship. The first stage winner, hosts the first leg in the championship series. If a single club wins both stages, the club is declared the season champions and championship series will not be held. Meanwhile, the last-placed (16th-placed) club must play Pro/Rele Series at the end of the season.

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Yokohama F. Marinos won the first stage and thus hosted the first game. They won the first leg by 1–0 thanks to Ryuji Kawai's goal. In the second leg, Alessandro Santos scored from the free kick in 76th minute to level the aggregate score. The clubs played in sudden death extra time, however neither club could break the scoreline. Yokohama upset the home club in the penalties winning them and series overall.

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= = = Pacheedaht First Nation = = =

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The Pacheedaht First Nation is a First Nations band government based on the west coast of Vancouver Island in British Columbia, Canada. Although the Pacheedaht people are Nuu-chah-nulth-aht by culture and language, they are not a member of the Nuu-chah-nulth Tribal Council and define themselves differently.

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The government has 4 reserve lands for a total of approximately 180 hectares: Pacheena #1, Gordon River #2, Cullite #3, Queesidaquah #4.

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= = = Richard E. Cavazos = = =

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Richard Edward Cavazos (January 31, 1929 – October 29, 2017), was a United States Army four-star general. He was a Korean War recipient of the Distinguished Service Cross as a first lieutenant and advanced in rank to become the United States Army's first Hispanic four-star general. During the Vietnam War, as a lieutenant colonel, Cavazos was awarded a second Distinguished Service Cross. In 1976, Cavazos became the first Mexican American to reach the rank of brigadier general in the U.S. Army. Cavazos served for thirty-three years, with his final command as head of the U.S. Army Forces Command.

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Richard Cavazos, a Mexican-American, was born on January 31, 1929 in Kingsville, Texas. His brother is former U.S. Secretary of Education (1988-1990) Lauro Cavazos. He graduated as the distinguished graduate from the ROTC program at Texas Technological University in 1951. He then earned a B.S. degree in geology from Texas Technological College (now Texas Tech University) in 1951, where he played on the football team and was a distinguished graduate of the ROTC program. He received further military education at the U.S. Army Command and Staff College, the British Army Staff College, the Armed Forces Staff College, and the U.S. Army War College. He received basic officer training at Fort Benning, Georgia, followed by training at Airborne School. He then deployed to Korea with the 65th Infantry.

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During the Korean War, as a member of the 65th Infantry Regiment, a unit of mostly natives of Puerto Rico, he distinguished himself, receiving both the Silver Star and Distinguished Service Cross for his heroic actions.

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On February 25, 1953, Cavazos' Company E was attacked by the enemy. During the fight against a numerically superior enemy force, Cavazos distinguished himself and received the Silver Star for his actions. His company was able to emerge victorious from the battle. On June 14, 1953, Cavazos again distinguished himself during an attack on Hill 142, and was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross for his heroic actions on that day.

12,463,317

On September 10, 1953, per General Orders No. 832, Cavazos was awarded his first Distinguished Service Cross for his actions during the Korean War. His citation reads:

12,463,318

In February 1967, Cavazos, then a lieutenant colonel, became commander of the 1st Battalion, 18th Infantry Regiment. In October and November 1967, his battalion was engaged in fighting near the Cambodian border. During an attack at Loc Ninh in October 1967, his unit was able to repulse the enemy. For his valiant leadership at Loc Ninh, he was awarded a second Distinguished Service Cross.

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On December 17, 1967, per General Orders No. 6479, Lieutenant Colonel Cavazos was awarded his second Distinguished Service Cross for his actions on October 30, 1967. His citation reads:

12,463,320

After Vietnam, Cavazos served as commander of the 2nd Brigade, 1st Infantry Division, and commander, 9th Infantry Division.

12,463,321

In 1976, Cavazos became the first Hispanic to reach the rank of brigadier general in the U.S. Army. In 1980, he became commander of III Corps — and is recognized for his innovative leadership of the Corps.

12,463,322

In 1982, Cavazos again made military history by being appointed the Army's first Hispanic four-star general. The same year, Cavazos assumed command of the U.S. Army Forces Command (FORSCOM). His early support for the National Training Center and his involvement in the development of the Battle Command Training Program enormously influenced the war fighting capabilities of the U.S. Army.

12,463,323

On June 17, 1984, after thirty three years of distinguished service, General Cavazos retired from the U.S. Army.

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In 1985, Cavazos was appointed to the Chemical Warfare Review Committee by President Reagan. Cavazos served on the Board of Regents of his alma mater, Texas Tech University.

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Born in Kingsville, TX, Cavazos grew up on King Ranch. Cavazos was married with four children. He resided in San Antonio, Texas.

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He was the brother of Lauro Cavazos, former Texas Tech University President and former U.S. Secretary of Education.

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Cavazos died at the age of 88 in San Antonio on October 29, 2017 due to complications of Alzheimer's disease. He is buried with full military honors at Fort Sam Houston National Cemetery.

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Cavazos' military awards include two Distinguished Service Crosses, Army Distinguished Service Medal, a Silver Star,Defense Superior Service Medal, two Legion of Merit awards, five Bronze Stars, the Purple Heart, the Combat Infantryman Badge, a Parachutist Badge. Cavazos has also been awarded an honorary lifetime membership in the National Guard Association of Texas; was inducted into the Fort Leavenworth Hall of Fame and Ranger Regiment Association Hall of Fame; and received the Doughboy Award of National Infantry Association, 1991.

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= = = Judeo-Moroccan Arabic = = =

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Judeo-Moroccan Arabic is a variety of the Arabic Language spoken by Jews living or formerly living in Morocco and Algeria. Speakers of the language are usually older adults.

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The vast majority of Moroccan Jews and Algerian Jews have relocated to Israel and have switched to using Hebrew as their home language. Those in France typically use French as their first language, while the few still left in Morocco and Algeria tend to use either French, Moroccan or Algerian Arabic in their everyday lives.

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Widely used in the Jewish community during its long history there, the Moroccan dialect of Judeo-Arabic has many influences from languages other than Arabic, including Spanish (due to the close proximity of Spain), Haketia or Moroccan Judeo-Spanish, due to the influx of Sephardic refugees from Spain after the 1492 expulsion, and French (due to the period in which Morocco was colonized by France), and, of course, the inclusion of many Hebrew loanwords and phrases (a feature of all Jewish languages). The dialect has considerable mutual intelligibility with Judeo-Tunisian Arabic, and some with Judeo-Tripolitanian Arabic, but almost none with Judeo-Iraqi Arabic.

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The vast majority of Morocco's 265,000 Jews emigrated to Israel after 1948, with significant emigration to Europe (mainly France) and North America as well. Although about 3,000 Jews remain in Morocco today, most of the younger generations speak French as their first language, rather than Arabic, and their Arabic is more akin to Moroccan Arabic than to Judeo-Arabic. There are estimated to be 8,925 speakers in Morocco, mostly in Casablanca and Fes, and 250,000 in Israel (where speakers reported bilingualism with Hebrew). Most speakers, in both countries, are elderly. There is a Judeo-Arabic radio program on Israeli radio.

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Hello: שלום עליכם, Shalom ˁaleykhem

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Goodbye: בסלמא b'shlaama / בסלמא עליך b'shlaama ˁleek

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Thanks: מרסי mersi

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Yes: אה, 'ēh

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No: לא laa

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How are you?: אש כבארך? aas khbaark?

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Fine, thank you: לא באס, מרסי laa baas, mersi

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Fine / No problems: לא באס laa baas

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= = = Africa Addio = = =

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Africa Addio (also known as Africa: Blood and Guts in the United States and Farewell Africa in the United Kingdom) is a 1966 Italian mondo documentary film co-directed, co-edited and co-written by Gualtiero Jacopetti and Franco Prosperi with music by Riz Ortolani. The film is about the end of the colonial era in Africa. The film was shot over a period of three years by Jacopetti and Prosperi, who had gained fame (along with co-director Paolo Cavara) as the directors of "Mondo Cane" in 1962. This film ensured the viability of the so-called Mondo film genre, a cycle of "shockumentaries"- documentaries featuring sensational topics, a description which largely characterizes "Africa Addio".

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The film includes footage of the Zanzibar revolution, which included the massacre of 1964, which claimed the lives of approximately 5,000 Arabs (estimates range up to 20,000 in the aftermath), as well as of the aftermath of the Mau Mau Uprising in Kenya.

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Prior to the film's release, allegations that a scene depicting the execution of a Congolese Simba Rebel had been staged for the camera resulted in co-director Gualtiero Jacopetti's arrest on charges of murder. The film's footage was seized by police, and the editing process was halted during the legal proceedings. He was acquitted after he and co-director Franco Prosperi produced documents proving they had arrived at the scene just before the execution took place.

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Jacopetti has stated that all images in the film are real and that nothing was ever staged. In the documentary "The Godfathers of Mondo", the co-directors stressed that the only scenes they ever staged were in "Mondo Cane 2". In the same documentary, Prosperi described their filmmaking philosophy: “Slip in, ask, never pay, never reenact.”

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The film has appeared in a number of different versions. The Italian and French versions were edited and were provided with narration by Jacopetti himself. The American version, with the explicitly shocking title "Africa: Blood and Guts", was edited and translated without the approval of Jacopetti. Indeed, the differences are such that Jacopetti has called this film a betrayal of the original idea. Notable differences are thus present between the Italian and English-language versions in terms of the text of the film. Many advocates of the film feel that it has unfairly maligned the original intentions of the filmmakers. For example, the subtitled translation of the opening crawl in the Italian version reads:

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The English version:

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Various cuts of the film have appeared over the years. IMDb lists the total runtime as 140 minutes, and a 'complete' version on YouTube runs closest to that at 138 minutes, 35 seconds. This is an Italian language version, with a clear soundtrack and legible English subtitling.

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IMDb lists the different runtimes for previously released versions: USA- 122'; Norway- 124'; and Sweden- 116'. An English-language version currently released by Blue Underground runs 128 minutes. The film was released as "Africa Blood and Guts" in the USA in 1970, at only 83 minutes (over 45 minutes removed in order to focus exclusively on scenes of carnage); according to the text of the box for the Blue Underground release, directors Jacopetti and Prosperi both disowned this version. An R-rated version runs at 80 minutes.

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The documentary was written, directed, and edited jointly by Gualtiero Jacopetti and Franco Prosperi and was narrated by Sergio Rossi (not to be confused with the fashion designer of the same name). It was produced by Angelo Rizzoli.

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The film was also successful in the USA, where John Cohen published a book of the same name.

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In 1968 at the Carnival of Viareggio, a float inspired by the film took part and made by the master of papier-mâché Il Barzella. Some items from this float, along with other memorabilia including a copy of the book by John Cohen, are kept in Museum of Dizionario del Turismo Cinematografico in Verolengo.

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Film critic Roger Ebert, in a scathing 1967 review of the American version of the film, called it "racist" and stated that it "slanders a continent". He noted the opening narration and subtitles:

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"Europe has abandoned her baby," the narrator mourns, "just when it needs her the most." Who has taken over, now that the colonialists have left? The advertising spells it out for us: "Raw, wild, brutal, modern-day savages!"

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In West Germany, a protest movement against the film emerged after "Africa Addio" was awarded by the state-controlled movie rating board (Filmbewertungsstelle Wiesbaden). The protest was chiefly organized by the Socialist German Student Union (SDS) and groups of African students. In West Berlin, the distributor resigned from showing the film after a series of demonstrations and damage to cinemas. Today, the protests against "Africa Addio" are regarded as being the first anti-racist movement in German history.

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Jacopetti and Prosperi responded to the criticism by defending their intentions. In the 2003 documentary "The Godfathers of Mondo", Prosperi argues that the criticism was due to the fact that, "The public was not ready for this kind of truth," and Jacopetti explicitly states that the film “was not a justification of colonialism, but a condemnation for leaving the continent in a miserable condition.” The subsequent film collaboration between the two men, "Addio Zio Tom", explored the horrors of American racial slavery and was intended (in part) to combat the charges of racism leveled against them following the release of "Africa Addio" (though it too was criticized for perceived racism, particularly by Ebert).

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A soundtrack of the music used in the film was later released. The composer was Riz Ortolani (who had scored "Mondo Cane" that featured the tune later used for the hit single "More"). When making "Africa Addio", lyrics were added to Ortolani's title theme, making a song called "Who Can Say?" that was sung by Jimmy Roselli. The song did not appear in the film, but (unlike the successful song "More" spawned by "Mondo Cane") did appear on the United Artists Records soundtrack album.

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= = = The Blast (magazine) = = =

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The Blast was a semi-monthly anarchist periodical published by Alexander Berkman in San Francisco, California, USA from 1916 through 1917. The publication had roots in Emma Goldman's magazine "Mother Earth," having been launched when her former consort Berkman left his editorial position at that publication.

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"Mother Earth" was an anarchist magazine established in New York City in March 1906 by Russian-Jewish émigré Emma Goldman (1869-1940) and Max Baginski (1864-1943). Beginning in March 1907, the editorial staff was joined by Alexander Berkman (1870-1936), a consort of Goldman's since 1886.

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Berkman had gained fame (or infamy) for his part in the July 1892 attempted assassination of Henry Clay Frick, the manager of the Carnegie Steel Company who in the previous month had emerged victorious in the bitter and violent Homestead Strike of the company's steel works at Homestead, Pennsylvania. Jailed for his failed attempt at political murder, Berkman was only released in May 1906, having served 14 years in prison for his crime. Berkman's joining of the editorial staff of "Mother Earth" was thus in the nature of a reunion.

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In September 1914 Berkman and Goldman split, with Berkman hitting the road in an attempt to organize "Anti-Militarist Leagues" in opposition to World War I and to federate the dispersed array of local anarchist groups into a unified organization. He arrived in California in the spring of 1915 where he became involved in the defense of Mathew Schmidt and David Caplan, anarchists recently arrested following years living underground in connection with the October 1910 fatal bombing of the newspaper plant of the conservative "Los Angeles Times." Berkman became a primary organizer of the Caplan-Schmidt Defense League in the summer of 1915 and henceforth devoted the bulk of his time to this legal fight, ending his formal editorial connection with "Mother Earth."

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The first issue of "The Blast" appeared dated January 15, 1916 with cover art by anarchist cartoonist Robert Minor. Joining Editor and Publisher Berkman at the time of the 8-page magazine's launch was E.B. Morton as Associate Editor and M. Eleanor Fitzgerald as Business Manager.

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In an introductory editorial statement, Berkman noted that the provocatively-named publication would be both destructive and constructive in intent:

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"Before a garden can bloom, the weeds must be uprooted. Nothing is therefore more important than to destroy. Nothing more necessary and difficult...

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"To destroy the Old and the False is the most vital work. We emphasize it: to blast the bulwarks of slavery and oppression is of primal necessity. It is the beginning of really lasting construction."

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The journal was originally conceived by Berkman as a "revolutionary labor paper" rather than a strictly anarchist newspaper. "The Blast" focused on the California labor situation and provided news about national labor events and leaders of radical political movements.

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Berkman ultimately published 29 issues of "The Blast."

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The sensational July 1916 Preparedness Day Bombing of the San Francisco Preparedness Day Parade — a terrorist attack which killed 8 and wounded more than 40 others — took place while Berkman was already publishing "The Blast" in that same city. The editorial location of the semi-monthly anarchist magazine combined with its inflammatory name proved irresistible to local authorities, who raided the paper's offices on July 29, 1916 without a search warrant. No evidence was located on the premises and there were no arrests made.

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When radical labor leaders Warren K. Billings and Tom Mooney as well as Mooney's wife Rena Mooney and two others, were arrested for the crime, Berkman again had occasion to take part in a nationwide legal defense effort, cooperating closely with Mooney-Billings Defense Committee principal Robert Minor in the effort.

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In addition to founding the first local Mooney-Billings defense organization, Berkman travelled the country raising funds and public consciousness in support of the effort and winning the commitment of prominent New York attorney W. Bourke Cockran to work on the case on a pro bono basis. Many pages of "The Blast," unsurprisingly, were committed to the Mooney-Billings defense effort. This activity lead to another police raid on "The Blast's" offices on December 31, 1916. In this second raid the publication's mailing list and editorial correspondence was seized.

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By May 1917 the editorial office of "The Blast" had been moved from the uncomfortably tense San Francisco to New York City, where it was located in the same building as the editorial office of "Mother Earth." Shortly thereafter California authorities, despite having "absolutely no real evidence to go on" from their December raid, nevertheless obtained a grand jury indictment of Berkman on a charge of murder in association with the Preparedness Day bombing. By the time of the California indictment Berkman had already been arrested and detained in New York City along with Emma Goldman on charges of conspiracy to undermine wartime conscription, however, and the West coast case against him came to naught.

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"The Blast" was shut down in June 1917 in the aftermath of Berkman's arrest for encouraging resistance to the draft. The publication's final issue, dated June 1, 1917, featured an anti-militarist cartoon by Maurice Becker on the cover and a short piece signed by Berkman inside which boldly declared:

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"Conscription is the abdication of your rights as a citizen. Conscription is the cemetery where every vestige of your liberty is to be buried. Registration is its undertaker.

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"No man with red blood in his veins can be forced to fight against his will. But you cannot successfully oppose conscription if you approve of, or submit to, registration...

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"The consistent conscientious objector to human slaughter will neither register nor be conscripted."

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For their opposition to the American war effort, Berkman and Goldman were convicted of conspiracy to induce people not to register for the draft, as called for by the Selective Service Act of 1917. Both were sentenced to two years in federal prison and began serving their sentences on February 2, 1918. Berkman would spend the duration of the war and all of 1919 in the Atlanta Federal Penitentiary before being deported to Soviet Russia along with Goldman aboard the so-called Red Ark at the end of year, together with 200 other anarchists and sundry radicals.

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The complete run of 29 issues of "The Blast" were re-published in book form by anarchist publisher AK Press in 2005.

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= = = Fetal trimethadione syndrome = = =

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Fetal trimethadione syndrome (also known as paramethadione syndrome, German syndrome, tridione syndrome, among others) is a set of birth defects caused by the administration of the anticonvulsants trimethadione (also known as Tridione) or paramethadione to epileptic mothers during pregnancy.

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Fetal trimethadione syndrome is classified as a rare disease by the National Institute of Health's Office of Rare Diseases, meaning it affects less than 200,000 individuals in the United States.

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The fetal loss rate while using trimethadione has been reported to be as high as 87%.

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Fetal trimethadione syndrome is characterized by the following major symptoms as a result of the teratogenic characteristics of trimethadione.

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= = = Wake Up Call (Maroon 5 song) = = =

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"Wake Up Call" is a song by American pop rock band Maroon 5. It was released on July 17, 2007, as the second single from their second studio album "It Won't Be Soon Before Long" (2007). The band performed the song on "45th at Night", which originally included a special guest Eve for the remix version, but never officially recorded. However, the band later requested artist Mary J. Blige with musician Mark Ronson to do the song's official remix version. The remix was released on November 13, 2007 and included on the band's "" (2008).

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It is also featured on the television shows, "Entourage" and "The Hills". Before the release of "Wake Up Call", the band promoted by performing it a half-step lower. The song was BBC Radio 1 playlisted for the playlist week beginning July 18, 2007. As of June 2014, the song has sold 1,821,000 copies in the US.

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The band confirmed the song as the album's second single on MTV's "Total Request Live" on May 22, 2007.

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The music video for "Wake Up Call" is directed by Jonas Åkerlund. The video is presented as a trailer for an imaginary NC-17-rated film. It features Adam Levine's leading lady for the video, Kim Smith, talking with the suspicious Levine, asking for his forgiveness since she had sex with another man whom Levine doesn't know and who serves as the antagonist. As the video progresses, Levine arrives home and hears noises coming from the bedroom. He kicks down the door and catches his girlfriend cheating on him with the other man (played by Jeremy Sisto).

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