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Immortalized Gsdmd-/- BDMDs expressing GSDMDWT and GSDMDD88A were primed for 3 h with ultrapure E. coli K12 LPS (100 ng/ml) and stimulated with LCL161 (1 μM) for 24 h and LDH release was quantified.
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(H) Representative kymographs of WT and AP-2μ KO neurons co-expressing the HA-BACE1-GFP and tagRFP-LC3B. Scale bars: x=2μm, y=5s.
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E Schema of the experimental design. Organotypic cultures with H2030-BrM cells mimicking the early steps of colonization were used to perform dose-response optimization with DEBIO-0932.
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Subcellular distribution of 53BP1 and DRiPs in HeLa cells that were left untreated or treated with MG132 (10 µM) and OP-puro (25 µM) for 4 h, followed by 5h recovery in drug-free medium (+ rec. control), with VER (40 µM; + rec. VER) or Eeyarestatin I (5 µM; + rec. EeyI). Where indicated, cells were treated with MG132, VER or EeyI alone for 5 h. Scale bars: 20 µm. Quantitation of the % of cells with 53BP1 foci. Cells were treated as described in (A) and divided in three categories, based on the number of 53BP1 foci/nucleus: 0, 1-2 and > 3. Number of cells counted/condition: 1112 - 1537 in three independent experiments; statistical significance via One-way ANOVA; p < 0.01.
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H smd1b mutant displays similar AS events as observed in RNAi-ASCO. Quantification of ESP isoforms splicing index by RT-qPCR.
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(F) HT29 cells treated with the control or caspase-8 siRNAs were infected with the indicated Shigella strains and incubated for 8 h. Cell lysates were subjected to immunoblotting. The knockdown efficiency of the indicated siRNAs was assessed by immunoblotting.
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(E) Western blot phosphorylation shift assays of wild type Gis1-myc (upper panel) and Rph1-Flag (lower panel), and mutated forms Gis1-5A-myc (upper panel) and Rph1-5A-Flag (lower panel). The measurement was done using Phos-tag (Kinoshita et al., 2006) and at the indicated time points after exposure to hyperosmotic stress (0.5 M NaCl) using Pgk1 protein levels as a negative control. The location of the mutated residues is shown in the respective schematics. Red boxes: demethylase associated domains (JmjN and JmjC), blue box: zinc finger domain.
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(E) Distribution of P-IκBα positive cells according to their position in the intestinal crypt from 200 crypts counted.
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Diagram for ABX treatment and sampling of systemic blood at indicated time points after oral loading of corn oil into C57BL/6 adult mice.
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D Human CD4+ T cells migrated in the presence of 10 nM CXCL12 alone and with 10 nM Gal-3 (dark green), Gal-3 CRD (light green), and Gal-1 (blue, n = 3).
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F-H Total adiponectin levels (F), HMW adiponectin (G), and the ratio of HMW to total adiponectin (H). n = 5 for each genotype. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. *P = 0.0217, **P = 0.0116, ***P = 0.0175 (Student's t-test).
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D Loss of SEC function reduced ATX1 activity in Arabidopsis. Nuclear proteins were extracted and ATX1 was immunoprecipitated with anti-ATX1 antibody from wild-type and sec-5 mutant plants, respectively, and then used for histone H3K4 methyltransferase activity analysis with recombinant H3 as catalyzing substrate. Band intensities were quantified with Image J. The H3 signal was first normalized by input signal and then was used for H3K4me3 signal normalization.
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(b) Cells were incubated in glucose-free medium (4 h) as indicated and lysed. Lysates were incubated with lambda phosphatase (λ PPase) as indicated. Endogenous Ulk1 mobility was examined by western blotting.
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(C) Flow cytometry profiles representing the correlation between γH2AX and MPM-2 or histone H3S10P signals in HCT-116 cells treated with DMSO (Control) or 50 μM P22077 for 8 h (USP7i).
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(A) Quantification of AURKB transcripts in non-IPF lung derived resident-fibroblasts treated with indicated mitogens for 16hrs. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.0005, and ****P < 0.00005, 1-way ANOVA, (n=4).
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(B) Transgenic ESZscan4_Emerald cells were sorted and total proteins were extracted and subjected to immunoblotting. The image is a representative of three independent biological western blotting analysis on arg2 expression in sorted ESZscan4_Emerald and control cells.
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E. Representative images of TOMM20 fragmentation or compaction around perinuclear region in MEFs of the indicated genotype 24 h after treatment with 30 μM CCCP or DMSO vehicle control. White lines indicate cell borders. Scale bars, 20 μm.F. Quantification of percentage of cells in experiment shown in (E) with accumulation of fragmented mitochondria after CCCP treatment. Results represent mean ± SEM of triplicate samples (~100 cells analyzed per sample). Similar results were observed in three independent experiments. **p<0.01; two-tailed unpaired t-test.
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Rab8a (T22N-3IS) mutant protein was highly stable, while Rab8a (T22N) protein was quite unstable in HeLa cells. Actin was used as a loading control.
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N Biofilm formation of S. aureus Δbap mutants expressing BSP chimeric subconstructs or carrying empty vector (EV) in the absence (cyan) or presence (red) of Ca2+ assayed with crystal violet staining. The EV is a control for S. aureus Δbap bacteria. Each experiment was repeated three times, data shown as mean ± SD.
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Maximum growth rates of NUP58 mutant clone C5 during long-term culture. Each dot represents a technical replicate (n=22).
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D. Cartoon representation of the structure of the homology-modelled human Mis18α77-187 - Mis18β56-183 heterodimer using the crystal structure of spMis181-120 reported here as a template. Residues mutated in this study are highlighted with circles. Modelling was carried out using Phyre2 web server (www.sbg.bio.ic.ac.uk/phyre2/).
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(B) Left panel: ChIP-seq experiment using H1.2 specific antibody in untreated and cells exposed to hormone. The ratio between +R5020/T0 around the TSS (-475 +400) of the up, down and non-regulated genes is shown. Right panel: down-regulated genes presented an inverse trend for RNA pol II signal around the TSS (-475 +400) after hormone compared with Up and down-regulated genes. (*) P-value < 0.05; (***) P-value < 0.001.
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A The experiment was performed as described in Fig 2C. Instead of IFNB, ISG54 and IL6 inductions were measured by qPCR.
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Quantification of G. Average % protein pelleted between three assays is plotted, the error bars represent the 95% confidence intervals. The value for each replicate is depicted. The negative values arise from subtraction of the average amount of protein that pellets in the absence of liposomes. Ordinary one-way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparisons test: WT vs. 7A and WT vs. 4E **** p < 0.0001, 7A vs. 4E * p = 0.0222.
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(A) Top Panel: Schematic representation of the S protein colour coded for the functional regions: N-terminal domain (NTD), receptor binding domain (RBD), fusion peptide (FP), heptad repeat 1,2 (HR1, HR2), transmembrane anchor (TA), C-terminal domain (CTD). Bottom left Panel: Vero GFP-split cells were transfected with S plasmids containing each of the individual mutations associated with Alpha variant in the D614G background. The amount of fusion was quantified at 20h and normalized to D614G reference plasmid. Bottom right Panel: Quantified fusion for each of the individual S protein mutations associated with the Beta variant. Colour code of each mutation corresponds to S protein functional regions represented in the schematic on the Top Panel. Data set for N501Y and D614G reference mutations are duplicated between bottom left and bottom right panels for presentation as these mutations are common to both variants.
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NADPH/NADP+ and GSH/GSSG ratios in human endothelial cells treated with solvent (Sol) or the PKM2 inhibitor shikonin (SKN, 1 µmol/L) for 45 minutes; n=4 independent cell batches (Unpaired Student's t test).
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A, B Quantitative analysis of (A) TUNEL-positive cells and (B) caspase-3-positive cells in IHC in the spleens of CLP + PBS, CLP + Pal-Scram #1, and CLP + Smaducin-6 mice. Three independent experiments (n = 3 mice per group per experiments) were performed. At least five hot spots in a section of TUNEL and IHC per experiment were selected, and average count was determined. The data were expressed as a mean percentage of total cell numbers and statistically analyzed by a t-test and show the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. **P < 0.005, ***P < 0.001 compared to sham or vehicle control (CLP + Pal-Scram #1).
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(C) Immunofluorescence staining against LAMP-1 (yellow) and Iba-1 (red) in Cb of ASMko and wt mice. Scale bar, 50 μm, zoomed images 20 μm.
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(C) The schematic model of PINK1/Parkin-mediated MITOL redistribution. MITOL is targeted to mitochondria with sustained membrane potential via Tom70. In response to mitophagy stimuli, Parkin-catalyzed ubiquitylation of MITOL causes its extraction from damaged mitochondria in a p97/VCP-dependent manner, and then, MITOL translocates to peroxisomes via Pex3/Pex16 pathway. As ubiquitylation of MITOL is rarely observed in the absence of NMS-873, MITOL inserted into the peroxisome membrane is shown here in the non-ubiquitylated form.
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Study outline and proteomics workflow. Erythrocytes, thrombocytes, platelet-rich and platelet-free plasma were generated from ten healthy female and male individuals by differential centrifugation and successive purification steps. To generate reference proteomes for each of the blood compartments, the respective protein samples of the 20 study participates were digested to peptides.
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Cell lysates treated in A were analysed by western blot with indicated antibodies (n=3).
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Number of γH2AX foci in control-derived and Molm-14-xenograft-derived: cells from W1 plating, n=218 and 369 All cells were stained with phosphoH2axser139 and the nuclear stain Hoechst (blue), imaged using the GE/API DV widefield microscope (60X objective) to show the γH2AX foci (green) and counted using Imaris software. Scale bars are 2μm.
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Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of intracellular phosphor-mTOR (pS2448) in polarized myeloid cells lysed for western blot.
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Representitive immunofluorescent staining for KI67, EdU, GFP of coronal sections of the E14.5 mouse cortex after IUE and 6 h EdU corporation. Scale bar: 20 μm.
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B. Methylcellulose assay demonstrating the ability for self-renewal of control (Scr) and MDGI-silenced (shMDGI1 and shMDGI2) patient-derived BT12 and BT13 cells after three weeks of culture. Representative images of at least 3 independent experiments are shown. Scale bar: 200 μm.
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(A) Northern blot analysis demonstrating that K63-linked ubiquitination was required for an endonucleolytic cleavage by R(CGN)12. The ski2∆UB-WT and ski2∆ub-K63R cells were transformed with the R(CGN)12 reporter, and total RNA samples were separated by 2% agarose/MOPS gel. 5'NGD-IMs in the cells were detected as in Fig 1D.
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(B) Semiquantitative analysis of fluorescence intensity of cells transfected with the NeoR‐GFP fusion construct. Compared to untreated cells, cells treated for 24 h with 7.5 mM 3‐MA show an about threefold increase in mean fluorescence intensity.
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C The number of nuclei per MyHC+ cell were calculated on day 5 after differentiation. ** p < 0.01; one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-hoc test.
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B. Whole cell lysates from WT, rbd2Δ and dsc1Δ cells carrying a plasmid expressing 3xFlag-Sre2MS WT or indicated mutants were analyzed by western blot with anti-Flag antibody. P and N denote Sre2MS precursor and cleaved forms, respectively.
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(F) shADAR2#1 and shADAR#2 could both reverse shAR-dependent circFNTA reduction in UMUC3 cells.
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(F, G) Primary human keratinocytes were incubated with sLL37-flag or LL37-flag for 1 h. Cell lysates were immunoprecipitated with anti-flag or anti-TLR2 antibodies, showing an interaction between LL37 and TLR2. Medium, the medium of primary human keratinocytes treated with sLL37-flag or LL37-flag. All results are representative of at least 3 independent experiments.
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Time-lapse of a cell-adhered pilus fluorescently labeled with the F10 nanobody at three different focal planes. Initiation of flow corresponds to t=0. Scale bar: 1 µm.
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(E) RNAs of the genes quantified at both RNA and protein levels have the largest means and smallest variabilities among the whole RNAs quantified.
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(C) 3D AFM topography of a Bax arc (left) and ring (right). Both images reveal a circular dark hole that spans the lipid membrane (green). Bax molecules around the pore rim (magenta and white) protrude 3,97 ± 1,02 nm above the membrane plane, as confirmed by the height profiles shown below each image (corresponding to the white line in the 2D image insets). The topography of the arc structure reveals a pore only partially surrounded by Bax molecules, while lipids alone form the rest of the pore rim. Images are shown in a 42° tilted representation.
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A. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the liver from representative Tie2-GFP mice (red frame) or Tie2-IFNα (blue frame) that were intrasplenically injected with 5x103 CT26. Red arrows identify CRC liver metastases of representative z-sections. Tumors were characterized as hypointense and slightly-hyperintense regions in T1 and T2 weighted sequences, respectively. Each panel refers to a single mouse analyzed at different time points; n.a.=not assessed, refers to a mouse euthanized before the specified time point; scale bars=5mm.B. Percentage of mice bearing at least one CRC liver metastasis estimated by MRI analysis. Mice were treated as described in A. Mock/Tie2-GFP n=11, Tie2-IFNα n=9; the oblique black line pattern within the red columns depicts the percentage of mice euthanized or that died before the indicated time point; p-values were calculated by Fisher's exact test.C. Tumor volume quantification measured by MRI analysis of the same mice described in B. Each symbol corresponds to the same mouse analyzed at different time points; horizontal bars=mean values; note that Mock/Tie2-GFP mice were euthanized or died before day 54; p-values were calculated by Mann-Whitney test.
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B LincRNA-EPS iBMMs were infected with VSV (MOI 1) for 8 h, VSV titers were measured by plaque assay.
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Histogram shows percentage of gel contraction by PSCs treated with tamoxifen in the presence of indicated antagonist
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Kaplan-Meier survival curves of the mice with indicated genotypes (WT, n=44; Gadd45a-/-, n=48; G3Terc-/-, n=37; G3-dKO, n=41). P value comparing the survival of G3Terc-/- with G3-dKO mice is calculated with the log-rank test.
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D HeLa cells were either kept uninfected as a control or infected with S. flexneri M90T or S. flexneri ΔIcsA for 4 h 40 min. Samples were labelled with MitoTracker Red CMXRos, and fixed for quantitative confocal microscopy. Boxplots show length of mitochondria (μm; whiskers from min to max) in uninfected cells (CTRL), surrounding S. flexneri M90T (+M90T) or S. flexneri ΔIcsA (+ΔIcsA) from 3 independent experiments (analysis of at least 250 measurements per biological replicate). Student's t-test; *** = p<0.001.
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(E) IHC for vGluT2 and mCherry in the shell and core regions of the dLGN. Scale bar, 100 µm.
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B. The morphology of quadriceps is unchanged by hibernation as seen in haematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;amp;E) stained sections (scale bar 90 µm).
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C) Lateral confocal images and quantification of Ptc transcription as a Hh target through immunolabeling of the reporter β−galactosidase (Ptc-LacZ). Middle graph shows the extension covered by signal normalized to wing pouch size, in wild type condition (N=6) or after ectopic expression of the Tsp96F-HA construct (N=9). Green shaded areas show data variability and dotted line gives the average values. Note the greater distance covered after Tsp96F-HA transient expression. Boxplot (right) shows distance quantifications with central horizontal lines showing median values of N=6-9 , box showing lower and upper quartiles and whiskers showing the maximum and minimum excluding outliers. Note a significant extension under Tsp96F-HA expression, suggesting again flattening of the signal gradient.
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We quantified RNAs per cell for the indicated target genes before (basal, grey) and 3 h (red), 6 h (blue) and 9 h (orange) after DNA damage (10 Gy IR). smFISH based single cell analysis of gene expression patterns highlights distinct RNA counts for p53 targets. RNA counts per cell are displayed as boxplots (see Data Visualization section); n: number of analyzed cells, fc: median fold of induction relative to time point basal (indicated by grey lines) Distributions of RNAs per cell for the indicated target genes before (basal, grey) and 3 h (red), 6 h (blue) and 9 h (orange) after DNA damage (10 Gy IR). Despite a clear change in median levels (m: median), single cell analysis reveals a strong dispersion that overlaps for the different conditions, as shown by the strongly overlapping distributions of RNA counts per cells. For better visualization, probability density estimates (PDF) based on a normal kernel are shown
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A Hypocotyl lengths of wild-type and suc2 seedlings grown under continuous white light at 20 °C for 7 days or at 20 °C for 4 days followed by 3 days at 28 °C. The seedlings were grown on the medium with or without 3% sucrose. Representative seedlings are shown in the upper panel. Different letters above each box indicate statistically significant differences (ANOVA and Tukey's HSD; P < 0.05; n = 10). Numbers indicate the ratio of hypocotyl lengths (28 °C/20 °C). In the box plots (A-D), the thick lines indicate median values, the lower and upper ends of the boxes represent the 25th and 75th percentiles, and the ends of the whiskers are set at 1.5 times the interquartile range.
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(A) Schematic of the experimental timeline (left). Lentivirus containing TET1 shRNA and GFP or random shRNA and GFP is injected in to the contralateral dentate gyrus of hippocampus. 2 months old wild type or DSCR1 knockout mice were used for analyses.
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Response of xenografts of mCherry-labeled SK-Mel-147 in Vegfr3Luc nu/nu lymphoreporter mice treated with one dose (24 h) or 4 dosis of BO-110 (BO, 0.8 mg/kg). Left panels correspond to Vegfr3-Luciferase (neolymphangiogenesis) and right panels to mCherry fluorescence emission (tumor content). Scale, Vegfr3Luc: p/s/cm2/sr (x106) and mCherry: p/s/cm2/sr (x109).
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(C) Barplot displays fluorescence quantification of 24h embryos injected with each reporter. GFP fluorescence intensity was normalized to dsRed intensity in each embryo, then mean fluorescence for each reporter was scaled relative to the no uORF reporter (the number of embryos measured for each reporter is displayed below the X-axis). Error bars display +/- 1 S.E.M. Reporter fluorescence was compared using unpaired two-tailed student's T-test and was significant for all comparisons: ** (p<0.01) - no uORFs vs. 1 weak context uORF (p=2.98e-3); **** (p<0.0001) - no uORF vs. 1 uORF (p=3.21e-9), 1 uORF vs. 3 uORFs (p=6.66e-5), 1 uORF vs. 1 oORF (p=7.65e-11), 1 uORF vs. 1 uORF weak context (p=3.24e-5)
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(B) WT C57BL/6 mice were treated i.v. with PLL or CLL 42 h prior to s.c. inoculation in the left rear footpad with 103 PFU of CHIKV. Infectious virus at 24 hpi was quantified by FFA. Mean ± SD. Data are pooled from two experiments, n=8. Mann-Whitney test; ***P < 0.001.
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When tumor was palpable, mice were treated with two different antiangiogenics, DC and Beva. For short treatment experiments, the duration of treatment was 14 days. For survival experiments, therapies were administered until survival of each mouse.
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(G) 144DG11 reduces lysosomal (LAMP1 positive) area in liver, but not muscle, of Gbeys/ys mice (n=3 biological replicates, *p<0.01, two-tailed t-test , SEM).Scale bars, 5 µm for liver (upper left panel), and 10 µm for muscle (lower left panel). Right panel shows quantification of the left panel.
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(B) Digestion of the MITF PCR products in multiple organs of the full-term chimeric pig. NC, negative control with no genomic DNA loaded. Mut, MITFL247S/L247S genomic DNA loaded. WT, Bama GFP-labeled genomic DNA loaded. In the chimera piglet, GFP-specific primers were used to further confirm the chimeric contribution to multiple organs in the piglet. GAPDH was used to confirm the DNA quality of all the samples. NC, negative control with no genomic DNA loaded. Mut, Bama MITFL247S/L247S genomic DNA loaded. WT, Bama GFP-labeled genomic DNA loaded
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(H) Knockdown of two autophagy genes, atg-7 and lgg-1 significantly reduce the number of generated exophers. n = 91-103; N = 3.
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C. Mitochondrial fraction from 293T cells ectopically expressing GASZ, MitoPLD, AIFM1, or SIRT3 were treated in the presence or absence of Triton X-100 and/or Proteinase K, and examined by Western blots.
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E) GFP expression from an Lgr5-eGFPtransgene identifying LGR5+ ISCs in near-native agarose-embedded sections from Eed+/+ and Eed-/- mice at 30 days from the first β-naphthoflavone administration. Cell nuclei were counterstained with DAPI.
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Immunofluorescence analyses of endogenous LAMP1, LAMP2A (A, B), LAMP2B (C) and total LAMP2 (D) localization in wild-type (WT) and Ctns−/− mouse fibroblasts.(B) High-resolution stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) analysis of the localization of LAMP1 and LAMP2A in wild-type and Ctns−/− cells. In Ctns−/− cells, LAMP2A was detected near (arrowheads, estimated distance > 50 nm) but not always adjacent (10-50 nm) to LAMP1 or at LAMP1-negative structures (arrows). Scale bar: 0.5 μm.
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F The region of p62 spanning the PB1 and ZZ domains are required for mediating its interaction with MOAP-1. p62 KO LO2 cells were used in the analysis. Cells were transfected with plasmid encoding Myc-p62 or the indicated deletion mutants and Flag-MOAP-1 for 24 hours. The transfected cells were subjected to co-IP assay with anti-Myc antibody. (Lower panel) Schematics depicting the domains in p62. PB1, Phox and Bem1p; ZZ, Zinc Finger; TB, TRAF6-binding domain; KIR, Keap1 interacting region; LIR, LC3 interacting region; UBA, ubiquitin-associated domain.
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(A) Confocal image of the central retina, exhibiting endogenous ReaChR-mCitrine fluorescence (mCit) in ganglion cells, located within ~500 µm from the center of the foveal pit, a part of the humanretina where midget cell density is estimated to be ~95% of total RGC population (Dacey, 1993) (arrowhead: soma; arrow: dendritic arbor). The dashed line illustrates the beginning of the foveal slope leading towards the 'cone-only' foveal pit. (B) Confocal image of the same explant at a higher retinal eccentricity (3-4 mm from the foveal center) showing ReaChR-mCitrine fluorescence in RGCs with larger dendritic arbors. The endogenous mCitrine was not amplified. Scale bars: 10 µm. PR: Photoreceptors, GC: Ganglion cells, DAPI (blue).
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B, C. Body weight (panel B) and grip strength (panel C) at different ages for wild type (wt, green line, n = 7), Beclin-1 +/− (yellow line n = 9), AR113Q (red line, n = 12), and AR113Q, Beclin-1 +/− (blue line, n = 15) male mice.
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Cell cultures with full RPMI media supplemented with 50 μg/ml FeSO4 or 5 μM hemin chloride. (L) Sh3gl1-/- isolated B cells, maintained in CD40L culture.
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(A) LN229 cells transduced with a pool of four siRNAs against AMOTL1 (+) or a scrambled siRNA (-) were treated with DMSO or thapsigargin (TG) and subjected to western blotting. The ratio of mono-ubiquitinated to native Merlin in each lane was quantified by Image J and is shown under the blot.
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F The effect of apyrase (40 U/ml) infusion into hippocampal on the sucrose preference (n = 10, 16 mice. Apyrase vs control, P = 0.0003, Student's t test).
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B) Dissociation of a 32P-labeled target RNA (0.1 nM) from the Ago2-miR122 complex (1 nM) was monitored in the presence of unlabeled target RNA (100 nM). Fraction of the target RNA bound to Ago2-miR122 is plotted as a function of time for WT and Ηhelix-7 Ago2. Average values from at least three independent experiments ± SD were fit to single exponential decays.
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Tg and WT rats were injected with saline or MCT. Levels of miR-483-3p/-5p in serum and lung tissues were measured by qPCR (F). Data information: Values are expressed as mean ± SEM.
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(A) Cartoon schematic depicting the proposed isodesmic self-association model. KD1 and KD2 represent the domain-mediated dimerization affinities for the BTB domain and BACK domains, respectively. KD2 is identical for all association steps independent of oligomer size. At large oligomer sizes, KD2 may increase due to entropic penalties, resulting in KD2*. The N- and C-termini contain neither defined domains nor low-complexity sequences but may add additional self-association behavior as evidenced by aggregation; these interactions were not dissected due to the poor reversibility of aggregation (Fig EV2B).
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A Y2H growth assay showing the interaction between AtHFR1 and AtPIF7. The BD- and the AD- derivative constructs used in the assay are shown on the left side of the panel. SD-LW or SD-HLW refer to the selective medium (plated as drops in dilutions of 1, 1:10 and 1:100) indicative of transformed cells or interaction between the hybrid proteins, respectively. Truncated forms of murine p53 (BD-fused) and SV40 large T-antigen (AD-fused), known to interact, were used as a positive control. Empty vectors (/) were used as negative controls.
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GO term analysis of biological processes enriched in sh-∆Np63#2-depleted A-431 cells relative to sh-NTC. Numbers indicate the ranking position of all analysed GO terms based on the significance. GO term analysis of biological processes enriched in sh-USP28#1-depleted A-431 cells relative to sh-NTC. Numbers indicate the ranking position of all analysed GO terms based on the significance.
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(a) Lysates extracted from neurospheres of Ctrl, FIP200GFAP cKO, Trp53GFAP cKO and 2cKO mice and analyzed by western blot using antibodies to p53 and actin.
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NCOA5 ChIP time course from primary BMMs stimulated with 1 μM T0901317 or vehicle control. qPCR was performed for the Abca1 proximal LXRE. Note the ligand‐stimulated association of NCOA5. Error bars represent ± SEM for n = 4-9 (*P = 0.02).
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e and f, The mRNA levels of TWIST1(e) and Snail1(f) were verified in A549 cells co-expressing mCherry-tagged WT or mutant BRD4 and GFP-tagged ISX by RT-PCR. Data are presented as mean ± SD in bar graph (p < 0.001, Student's t‐test) of 3 independent experiments, each performed in triplicate. Data information: Each experiment was repeated at least three times.
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HeLa cells stably expressing the chromatin marker histone H2B labelled with mCherry were treated with indicated siRNAs, synchronized by double thymidine block, released for 12 hours and analysed by immunofluorescence microscopy. time from anaphase till nuclear blebs was quantified in (J).
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(B) Two-week-old SRCAP-C-HA tag mice were sacrificed for longitudinal sections followed by immunofluorescence staining. A global look of the section was shown. Scale bar: 500 μm. Green: EpCAM, Red: HA tag, Nuclei were counterstained by DAPI.
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D. Quantification shows mean + s.d. (n = 3 biological replicates, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ANOVA/Tukey's).
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LDH release assay from wildtype THP-1 or ∆GBP1 cells stably reconstituted with Dox-inducible expression plasmids of the indicated mutants of GBP1. Cells were pre-treated with IFNγ and Dox and infected with either type I or type II Tg for 24 h.
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B) Violin plot showing the fraction of tumor cell nuclei that were positive for KLF5 in the tissue microarray. Images were automatically acquired and quantified using the ImmunoRatio software. p values were calculated using a two-tailed Welch's t test. The number of tissue core sections for each grade is indicated (n total = 77). White central dots represent the median.C) Representative sections from the tissue microarray stained with the anti-KLF5 antibody are shown. The panels on the right were pseudo-colored for automated quantification.
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C. Dendrite labeling and quantification. Dendritic spines were stained with Dil. Scale bar: 10 μm. Spine density and total spine length are substantially reduced in 3-miR mix treated primary neurons compared to those treated with scramble RNA (n = 49-97 images)
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Electrostatic potential surface of different FGFs for representing the (HS) binding sites. HS is placed by superimposition of FGF21core, FGF9 (PDB ID: 1IHK), FGF10 (PDB ID: 1NUN), FGF19 (PDB ID: 2P23) and FGF23 (PDB ID: 2P39) onto the FGF2/FGFR1c/HS ternary complex structure (PDB ID: 1FQ9). HS is shown as a stick representation. The positive and negative charges on the protein surface are colored blue and red, respectively.
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Confocal z-projection of MBONγ4>γ1γ2 labeled by GMR18H09-Gal4 driving the expression of mCD8-GFP (CD8) shown in cyan.
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B. qPCR showed that ppp1r13l-knocked down murine cardiomyocytes (using two alternative shRNA sequences) expressed higher level of pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNAs after 4 hrs of LPS stimulation. The expression in ppp1r13l-knocked down murine cardiomyocytes was set as 1. Genome wide expression analysis is presented in Figure 1S. Differences between knockdown and control with p values (Student's t test) are indicated with asterisks and exact values.
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A. KD efficiency of three different Syt11 shRNAs in DRG neurons. Cultured DRG neurons were infected with control or shRNA-expressing lentiviruses at DIV 1, and Western blotting for Syt11, Syt1, Syt4, synaptobrevin 2 (Syb2), SNAP25, complexin 1/2 (Cpx1, Cpx2), clathrin, adaptor protein 2 (AP-2), and β-actin were performed at DIV 6-7. N = 4 independent experiments.
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(A) Depletion of TMEM59 inhibits LC3II generation by SA at early infection times. HeLa cells were transfected with the indicated siRNAs and, 48 h later, infected with the bacteria (SA) for the shown times before lysing them for western blotting against the indicated molecules. The right panel shows successful TMEM59 depletion (rabbit anti‐TMEM59 immunoprecipitation plus chicken anti‐TMEM59 WB).
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A structure of Ubc1 was superimposed onto the model Key residues were highlighted as sticks for the binding interfaces (C) between the UBC domain and UbA‑prox, Additionally, amino acids whose side chains contribute to the UBC/UBA binding interface were determined and classified into "hot spot" or "contributing" residues using the algorithm SpotOn
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(B) Distribution of repeat polymorphism lengths in FMR1 of male GRAS schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. (C) Distribution of repeat polymorphism lengths in FMR2 of male GRAS schizophrenia patients and healthy controls.
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(a) A549 cells were infected with adenovirus harbouring shRNA targeting Atg14L, Rubicon, UVRAG or a control (luciferase). Cell lysates were subjected to immunoblotting with the antibodies indicated. The asterisk in the Rubicon blot represents a non-specific cross-reacting band.
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(a) Representative confocal images of segment A3 muscle 6/7 synapses stained for both DVGLUT (green) and FasII (red), in late 2nd/early 3rd instar wild-type, Rae1EX28, Rae1EX28 presynaptic rescue (Rae1EX28; elav-Gal4/UAS-NTAP-Rae1) and Rae1EX28 wallenda suppression (Rae1EX28; wnd3) larvae. Scale bar represents 10 μm. (b,c) Quantification of bouton number (b) and size (c) in wild-type, Rae1EX28/Df, Rae1EX28, Rae1EX28 rescue, Rae1EX28; wnd3 suppression and hiwΔN larval NMJs (segment A3 muscle 6/7; n = 20, 21, 18, 20, 20 and 11, respectively, for bouton number; n = 271, 465, 548, 726, 486 and 826, respectively, for bouton size). There was no significant difference in either bouton number or bouton size between Rae1EX28 and Rae1EX28/Df (P > 0.1 for both comparisons). *P 0.001. Error bars denote s.e.m.
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A Overabundance of MIAA in LAM plasma (UK cohort not treated with rapamycin) relative to healthy women. The number (n) of individuals in each group is indicated; one of 20 healthy controls did not pass the quality controls for LC-MS/MS. Asterisk indicates significance using two-sided Mann-Whitney test (P = 0.018). Average values are indicated with lilac-colored lines. B Overabundance of MIAA in plasma of LAM patients with AMLs. Asterisk indicates significance using two-sided Mann-Whitney test (P = 0.042). The number (n) of individuals in each group is indicated. Average values are indicated with lilac-colored lines.
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dHepaRG cells were infected at an MOI of 100 virions/cell and transduced at day 7 p.i. with an adenoviral vector for expression of shRNA targeting ISG20 (AdV-shISG20). After 2 days, cells were treated with 300 U/ml IFNα or 200 U/ml IFNγ. The amount of ISG20/GAPDH was determined by signal density measurement. cccDNA (B) relative to Prnp (n=4 biological replicates), total intracellular HBV DNA (C) relative to Prnp and HBeAg (D) were measured 12 days after treatment (n=8 biological replicates of two independent experiments). cccDNA was measured after T5 digestion of DNA.
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The relative mRNA levels of genes (UCP1, PGC1α, Dio2) in differentiated MEFs transfected with ShScramble or ShQKI lentivirus, following cAMP (Forskolin and IBMX) stimulation. (n=3 biological replicates)
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F Western blot analysis of 2D-BNGE of mitochondria from skeletal muscle from one individual of the indicated genotype
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Improvement in active nuclear import upon cell passaging. Dots represent analysed cells (WT P3 n=16, WT P19 n=25, C5 P1 n=24, C5 P3 n=27, C5 P19 n=23) of one independent experimental replicate performed.
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C Box plot of colocalization correlation coefficients between SRSF9 and FLAG-CLK1 WT. The first and third quartiles are the ends of the box, the median is indicated with a vertical line in the box, and the minimum and maximum are the ends of the whiskers.
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