text
stringlengths 7
4.92M
|
|---|
Board Decisions
GF/B23/DP15
Approved by the Board on: 12 May 2011
Replenishment of TERG Members
The Board appoints Dr. Viroj Tangcharoensathien, Dr. Mickey Chopra, Dr. Atsuko Aoyama and Dr. Paulin Basinga as members of the Technical Evaluation Reference Group (TERG) for a period of three years until the end of the first Board meeting in 2014.
Budgetary Implications
This decision does not have material budgetary implications for the 2011 Operating Expenses Budget.
|
Heavy Metal. Hard Rock. Music.
Troy Donockley has built up a formidable reputation as both a composer/arranger and as a multi-instrumental musician/performer. He is a leading virtuoso of the uilleann pipes (and the low whistle) and has performed and is known all over the world. His music, which has been described as “a peculiar brand of epic classical-folk-progressive fusion,” can be heard in TV, media and movies (such as “Robin Hood” and “Ironclad”) and through various commissions. Troy co-founded the BBC Award-nominated band THE BAD SHEPHERDS and as a producer/musician has recorded and toured with various artists such as NIGHTWISH, Maddy Prior, Barbara Dickson, Maire Brennan (Clannad), MIDGE URE, Iona, Roy Harper, Lesley Garrett, STATUS QUO, Del Amitri, Alan Stivell, MOSTLY AUTUMN and many, many more.
Troy‘s first album, “The Unseen Stream”, released in 1998 was critically acclaimed globally for its unique fusion of traditional/classical forms. His second album, “The Pursuit of Illusion” (2003) continued to push the boundaries with a highly individual blend of the English classical and Irish folk traditions. And then, onto the latest album, “The Madness of Crowds”, featuring a large cast of brilliant musicians it goes even further than before in the quest to make the most emotional and uncommercially driven music possible. If any modern music can shake off the ravages of fashion and hark back to a time when music was created and listened to as art rather than as commodity and accessory, then by definition this does precisely that…the essence of that ‘lost world.
“I have a massive range of influences — from PINK FLOYD to Mahler, Johnny Cash to VANGELIS, PLANXTY to YES, and Vaughn Williams to Neil Young,” says Troy.
And now, particularly for the uninitiated, a compilation of Troy‘s work, “Messages – A Collection of Music From 1997-2011”, is available from Gonzo MultiMedia.
“I have been asked many times to put together a good overview of my work and so here we are,” says Troy about “Messages”. “All the tracks are from my previous three solo albums, but there are two new and unreleased pieces, both of which I am very proud.”
In other news, Troy just begun a year-long world tour with NIGHTWISH, although has some “grand ideas” in the pipeline for his next solo project.
Lastly, Troy has this to impart to his listeners: “I really hope you enjoy the two new pieces on ‘Messages’. Do try and listen in a darkened room, with headphones — just like you did when you were a kid.”
|
-- Loads pre-trained word embeddings from either Word2Vec or Glove
assert(get_id_from_word)
assert(common_w2v_freq_words)
assert(total_num_words)
word_vecs_size = 300
-- Loads pre-trained glove or word2vec embeddings:
if opt.word_vecs == 'glove' then
-- Glove downloaded from: http://nlp.stanford.edu/projects/glove/
w2v_txtfilename = default_path .. 'Glove/glove.840B.300d.txt'
w2v_t7filename = opt.root_data_dir .. 'generated/glove.840B.300d.t7'
w2v_reader = 'words/w2v/glove_reader.lua'
elseif opt.word_vecs == 'w2v' then
-- Word2Vec downloaded from: https://code.google.com/archive/p/word2vec/
w2v_binfilename = default_path .. 'Word2Vec/GoogleNews-vectors-negative300.bin'
w2v_t7filename = opt.root_data_dir .. 'generated/GoogleNews-vectors-negative300.t7'
w2v_reader = 'words/w2v/word2vec_reader.lua'
end
---------------------- Code: -----------------------
w2vutils = {}
print('==> Loading ' .. opt.word_vecs .. ' vectors')
if not paths.filep(w2v_t7filename) then
print(' ---> t7 file NOT found. Loading w2v from the bin/txt file instead (slower).')
w2vutils.M = require(w2v_reader)
print('Writing t7 File for future usage. Next time Word2Vec loading will be faster!')
torch.save(w2v_t7filename, w2vutils.M)
else
print(' ---> from t7 file.')
w2vutils.M = torch.load(w2v_t7filename)
end
-- Move the word embedding matrix on the GPU if we do some training.
-- In this way we can perform word embedding lookup much faster.
if opt and string.find(opt.type, 'cuda') then
w2vutils.M = w2vutils.M:cuda()
end
---------- Define additional functions -----------------
-- word -> vec
w2vutils.get_w_vec = function (self,word)
local w_id = get_id_from_word(word)
return w2vutils.M[w_id]:clone()
end
-- word_id -> vec
w2vutils.get_w_vec_from_id = function (self,w_id)
return w2vutils.M[w_id]:clone()
end
w2vutils.lookup_w_vecs = function (self,word_id_tensor)
assert(word_id_tensor:dim() <= 2, 'Only word id tensors w/ 1 or 2 dimensions are supported.')
local output = torch.FloatTensor()
local word_ids = word_id_tensor:long()
if opt and string.find(opt.type, 'cuda') then
output = output:cuda()
word_ids = word_ids:cuda()
end
if word_ids:dim() == 2 then
output:index(w2vutils.M, 1, word_ids:view(-1))
output = output:view(word_ids:size(1), word_ids:size(2), w2vutils.M:size(2))
elseif word_ids:dim() == 1 then
output:index(w2vutils.M, 1, word_ids)
output = output:view(word_ids:size(1), w2vutils.M:size(2))
end
return output
end
-- Normalize word vectors to have norm 1 .
w2vutils.renormalize = function (self)
w2vutils.M[unk_w_id]:mul(0)
w2vutils.M[unk_w_id]:add(1)
w2vutils.M:cdiv(w2vutils.M:norm(2,2):expand(w2vutils.M:size()))
local x = w2vutils.M:norm(2,2):view(-1) - 1
assert(x:norm() < 0.1, x:norm())
assert(w2vutils.M[100]:norm() < 1.001 and w2vutils.M[100]:norm() > 0.99)
w2vutils.M[unk_w_id]:mul(0)
end
w2vutils:renormalize()
print(' Done reading w2v data. Word vocab size = ' .. w2vutils.M:size(1))
-- Phrase embedding using average of vectors of words in the phrase
w2vutils.phrase_avg_vec = function(self, phrase)
local words = split_in_words(phrase)
local num_words = table_len(words)
local num_existent_words = 0
local vec = torch.zeros(word_vecs_size)
for i = 1,num_words do
local w = words[i]
local w_id = get_id_from_word(w)
if w_id ~= unk_w_id then
vec:add(w2vutils:get_w_vec_from_id(w_id))
num_existent_words = num_existent_words + 1
end
end
if (num_existent_words > 0) then
vec:div(num_existent_words)
end
return vec
end
w2vutils.top_k_closest_words = function (self,vec, k, mat)
local k = k or 1
vec = vec:float()
local distances = torch.mv(mat, vec)
local best_scores, best_word_ids = topk(distances, k)
local returnwords = {}
local returndistances = {}
for i = 1,k do
local w = get_word_from_id(best_word_ids[i])
if is_stop_word_or_number(w) then
table.insert(returnwords, red(w))
else
table.insert(returnwords, w)
end
assert(best_scores[i] == distances[best_word_ids[i]], best_scores[i] .. ' ' .. distances[best_word_ids[i]])
table.insert(returndistances, distances[best_word_ids[i]])
end
return returnwords, returndistances
end
w2vutils.most_similar2word = function(self, word, k)
local k = k or 1
local v = w2vutils:get_w_vec(word)
neighbors, scores = w2vutils:top_k_closest_words(v, k, w2vutils.M)
print('To word ' .. skyblue(word) .. ' : ' .. list_with_scores_to_str(neighbors, scores))
end
w2vutils.most_similar2vec = function(self, vec, k)
local k = k or 1
neighbors, scores = w2vutils:top_k_closest_words(vec, k, w2vutils.M)
print(list_with_scores_to_str(neighbors, scores))
end
--------------------- Unit tests ----------------------------------------
local unit_tests = opt.unit_tests or false
if (unit_tests) then
print('\nWord to word similarity test:')
w2vutils:most_similar2word('nice', 5)
w2vutils:most_similar2word('france', 5)
w2vutils:most_similar2word('hello', 5)
end
-- Computes for each word w : \sum_v exp(<v,w>) and \sum_v <v,w>
w2vutils.total_word_correlation = function(self, k, j)
local exp_Z = torch.zeros(w2vutils.M:narrow(1, 1, j):size(1))
local sum_t = w2vutils.M:narrow(1, 1, j):sum(1) -- 1 x d
local sum_Z = (w2vutils.M:narrow(1, 1, j) * sum_t:t()):view(-1) -- num_w
print(red('Top words by sum_Z:'))
best_sum_Z, best_word_ids = topk(sum_Z, k)
for i = 1,k do
local w = get_word_from_id(best_word_ids[i])
assert(best_sum_Z[i] == sum_Z[best_word_ids[i]])
print(w .. ' [' .. best_sum_Z[i] .. ']; ')
end
print('\n' .. red('Bottom words by sum_Z:'))
best_sum_Z, best_word_ids = topk(- sum_Z, k)
for i = 1,k do
local w = get_word_from_id(best_word_ids[i])
assert(best_sum_Z[i] == - sum_Z[best_word_ids[i]])
print(w .. ' [' .. sum_Z[best_word_ids[i]] .. ']; ')
end
end
-- Plot with gnuplot:
-- set palette model RGB defined ( 0 'white', 1 'pink', 2 'green' , 3 'blue', 4 'red' )
-- plot 'tsne-w2v-vecs.txt_1000' using 1:2:3 with labels offset 0,1, '' using 1:2:4 w points pt 7 ps 2 palette
w2vutils.tsne = function(self, num_rand_words)
local topic1 = {'japan', 'china', 'france', 'switzerland', 'romania', 'india', 'australia', 'country', 'city', 'tokyo', 'nation', 'capital', 'continent', 'europe', 'asia', 'earth', 'america'}
local topic2 = {'football', 'striker', 'goalkeeper', 'basketball', 'coach', 'championship', 'cup',
'soccer', 'player', 'captain', 'qualifier', 'goal', 'under-21', 'halftime', 'standings', 'basketball',
'games', 'league', 'rugby', 'hockey', 'fifa', 'fans', 'maradona', 'mutu', 'hagi', 'beckham', 'injury', 'game',
'kick', 'penalty'}
local topic_avg = {'japan national football team', 'germany national football team',
'china national football team', 'brazil soccer', 'japan soccer', 'germany soccer', 'china soccer',
'fc barcelona', 'real madrid'}
local stop_words_array = {}
for w,_ in pairs(stop_words) do
table.insert(stop_words_array, w)
end
local topic1_len = table_len(topic1)
local topic2_len = table_len(topic2)
local topic_avg_len = table_len(topic_avg)
local stop_words_len = table_len(stop_words_array)
torch.setdefaulttensortype('torch.DoubleTensor')
w2vutils.M = w2vutils.M:double()
local tensor = torch.zeros(num_rand_words + stop_words_len + topic1_len + topic2_len + topic_avg_len, word_vecs_size)
local tensor_w_ids = torch.zeros(num_rand_words)
local tensor_colors = torch.zeros(tensor:size(1))
for i = 1,num_rand_words do
tensor_w_ids[i] = math.random(1,25000)
tensor_colors[i] = 0
tensor[i]:copy(w2vutils.M[tensor_w_ids[i]])
end
for i = 1, stop_words_len do
tensor_colors[num_rand_words + i] = 1
tensor[num_rand_words + i]:copy(w2vutils:phrase_avg_vec(stop_words_array[i]))
end
for i = 1, topic1_len do
tensor_colors[num_rand_words + stop_words_len + i] = 2
tensor[num_rand_words + stop_words_len + i]:copy(w2vutils:phrase_avg_vec(topic1[i]))
end
for i = 1, topic2_len do
tensor_colors[num_rand_words + stop_words_len + topic1_len + i] = 3
tensor[num_rand_words + stop_words_len + topic1_len + i]:copy(w2vutils:phrase_avg_vec(topic2[i]))
end
for i = 1, topic_avg_len do
tensor_colors[num_rand_words + stop_words_len + topic1_len + topic2_len + i] = 4
tensor[num_rand_words + stop_words_len + topic1_len + topic2_len + i]:copy(w2vutils:phrase_avg_vec(topic_avg[i]))
end
local manifold = require 'manifold'
opts = {ndims = 2, perplexity = 30, pca = 50, use_bh = false}
mapped_x1 = manifold.embedding.tsne(tensor, opts)
assert(mapped_x1:size(1) == tensor:size(1) and mapped_x1:size(2) == 2)
ouf_vecs = assert(io.open('tsne-w2v-vecs.txt_' .. num_rand_words, "w"))
for i = 1,mapped_x1:size(1) do
local w = nil
if tensor_colors[i] == 0 then
w = get_word_from_id(tensor_w_ids[i])
elseif tensor_colors[i] == 1 then
w = stop_words_array[i - num_rand_words]:gsub(' ', '-')
elseif tensor_colors[i] == 2 then
w = topic1[i - num_rand_words - stop_words_len]:gsub(' ', '-')
elseif tensor_colors[i] == 3 then
w = topic2[i - num_rand_words - stop_words_len - topic1_len]:gsub(' ', '-')
elseif tensor_colors[i] == 4 then
w = topic_avg[i - num_rand_words - stop_words_len - topic1_len - topic2_len]:gsub(' ', '-')
end
assert(w)
local v = mapped_x1[i]
for j = 1,2 do
ouf_vecs:write(v[j] .. ' ')
end
ouf_vecs:write(w .. ' ' .. tensor_colors[i] .. '\n')
end
io.close(ouf_vecs)
print(' DONE')
end
|
3 Steps To Identify Most Appropriate Travel Technology Solution For Your Business
Over the last 10 years, the travel business scenario has changed significantly. Today selling travel products is all about ‘best’ rates. To sustain in the battle to offer the ‘best deal’ and ‘best fare’ to the consumers, travel business owners have been forced to reduce almost all of their possible profit margins.
I still remember when a service fee of $6 was a norm across online sales of air tickets. Commissions and contracts were available to travel agents. Cancellation fee on hotels were healthy.
As a travel technologist, I have many motivations to say “buy my software”, but in my experience that’s not a good pitch. After carefully analyzing various successes and failures in the industry, here is what I feel I have learned:
Step 1: Identify what Travel Technology you need
Well, it is easier said than done. Most of the time not articulating the technology needs well is the biggest hurdle in Technology Strategy. As a travel business, here is what you could do to clearly articulate the need for technology.
Pen down the technology needs of the organization as envisioned by the business owner / key management personnel Consult with people external to the organization such as technology consultants, Travel Technology companies, GDS account managers, CRS / Suppliers and Travel Technology bloggers Let a technology company interview you and recommend a solution. This is generally free most of the times. Pursuing one or more of these three exercises diligently will build enough knowledge base about what your internal Technology Strategy should be. Identify and validate these thoughts with inputs from internal operations and marketing teams.
Step 2: Build vs. Buy?
This is considered the most complex question. The answer lies in dividing Travel Technology needs in three buckets.
Proprietary
Customized
Out of the Box
What is proprietary?
It is important to identify your differentiator as a travel business. Most of the time, proprietary defines a piece of technology which reduces OPEX corresponding to your business operations or is the biggest revenue generator corresponding to your business model.
What is a customized need?
Is there any part of your technology needs that could be sourced through an existing technology solution, customized per your need?
What can be out of the box?
This might be the most effort intensive part of your technology needs and may require a tremendous investment to build. Getting an out of the box solution that meets the majority of your requirements and configuring it as per your needs, is the ideal way. How to evaluate an out of the box solution is in itself a comprehensive process.
Now we come to the next complex part of this exercise.
Step 3: Identify the right budget and vendor
Identifying the right budget and the vendor is the most common shopping problem in every business sector. It takes a lot of time and energy to reach to a decision.
Let’s compare technology acquisition to the decision of buying a laptop. There are many vendors to choose from. There are laptops priced from $300 to $3000. Your decision to buy would be shaped by the life of the laptop, and the continuity of business (your work) it will guarantee.
Similarly, the continuity of your travel business would significantly depend on the Travel Technology you choose. That is why identifying the right budget, and the vendor is a complex decision.
I would attempt to breakdown the process of identifying a vendor into simpler steps since just asking a vendor for a quote would not necessarily help find the right one.
Releated
Advancement in technology has made the world go “gaga”. As far as technology is concerned, you can expect the unexpected or imagine the unimaginable. The world has left the stage of crude implementation. Every facet of life has been touched and affected by technology. The bewilderment of everyone is that existing technologies are fast becoming […]
The effectiveness of technology use in the classroom has become a controversial issue. While many teachers and students feel that it’s best to use technology because it enhances teaching many others feel that it causes too many challenges and that it is a waste of time. If technology is as effective in the classroom as […]
|
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<databaseChangeLog xmlns="http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog" xmlns:ext="http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog-ext" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog-ext http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog/dbchangelog-ext.xsd http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog http://www.liquibase.org/xml/ns/dbchangelog/dbchangelog-3.3.xsd">
<changeSet author="toja" id="1-indices">
<createIndex tableName="LOGRECORD" indexName="LOGRECORD_TIMESTAMPRECORD_fkey">
<column name="TIMESTAMPRECORD"/>
</createIndex>
</changeSet>
</databaseChangeLog>
|
With each Carolina Panthers victory, I can sense BC leader Joe’s excitement over his investment in Cam Newton’s BCS pants. An undefeated season, a potential MVP award, maybe a Super Bowl — the only thing that can stop Cam now is his hoverboard exploding (or a traffic accident).
|
What people are saying aboutResource Centers
"It was a pleasure working with you and your team at Leadix... Our clients were very happy with the overall outcome of the microsites along with the leads that were generated. I also found the microsites to be a great addition to our sites, creating additional resources for our visitors, which results in additional traffic for us. Overall, I am completely satisfied and look forward to the next project with Leadix!"
ResourceCenter
For the first time, online Companies can not only measure user activity and performance levels tied directly to their dedicated message, but they can update content on a daily basis guaranteeing their companies latest business objectives are in front of their best online prospects and customers consistently.
Online users are able to access a Companies detailed product and services message without being redirected away from the online content they are currently engaged in.
A lead generation tool is standard on all ResourceCenters - additional lead tools can be added, at no cost, to any and all downloadable files. This feature delivers a proprietary, qualified lead to the ResourceCenter marketer.
|
"Twinkle twinkle little star. I know where you are."Another threatening note sent to a beloved child star. But this time, the stalker got inside the house. Desperate to protect her young charge, guardian Blythe Cooper is grateful for the tall, strong bodyguard now standing sentinel at their door. Until Ethan Ryan awakens feelings in Blythe she can't acknowledge.The former secret service agent turned bodyguard makes it his mission to protect children. The rules: never make it personal, and everyone walks away alive. Amendment: somehow, someway, keep beautiful Blythe and the little girl out of his heart--and safe by his side.
|
Has July Fourth goal of passing immigration law
Share via e-mail
WASHINGTON — Key Senate Republicans are working to develop a compromise on border security that would satisfy GOP demands for stronger enforcement language in a far-reaching immigration bill without costing Democratic support, lawmakers and aides said Thursday.
To win over skeptical Republicans, senators are considering mandating specific requirements for tools and equipment along the US-Mexico border, instead of leaving it up to the Obama administration, said Senator John McCain, an Arizona Republican who is an author of the bill.
‘‘That may be a way to assuage the concern of some of our friends that are concerned about border security,’’ McCain said. Republican Senator Marco Rubio of Florida, another author, has discussed the same approach.
The talks were underway behind the scenes at the Capitol on Thursday even as the Senate voted 53-47 to defeat an amendment that would have required a controlled border for six months before any immigrant here illegally could take the first steps toward citizenship. It was the first amendment to the White House-backed immigration legislation the Senate voted on.
The outcome suggested that bill supporters have work to do to lock down the 60 votes that will likely be needed to overcome GOP stalling tactics and get it passed in the Senate by July 4, the timeline set by Senate majority leader Harry Reid.
The bill, which would contain the most significant changes to immigration law in decades, would require all employers to check workers’ legal status, allow tens of thousands of new high- and low-skilled workers into the country, and create a 13-year path to citizenship for some 11 million people now here illegally.
The bill also devotes billions to new equipment and personnel along the US-Mexico border, and says the path to citizenship can’t go forward until certain border security requirements are met. But critics say these ‘‘triggers’’ are too weak, and wouldn’t encourage an administration to secure the border.
Rubio has been saying that stronger language on border security would be needed to ensure passage in the Democratic-controlled Senate and the Republican-controlled House. The question now is how to do that without raising concerns among Democrats that the path to citizenship would be delayed — the reason that Senator Chuck Schumer, a New York Democrat, and others gave for opposing the amendment Thursday.
Schumer and the three other Democratic authors of the bill, along with Judiciary Committee chairman Patrick Leahy, a Vermont Democrat, met with President Obama at the White House on Thursday to discuss strategy.
Although a number of Republican senators have their own border security amendments, the hope is to develop a single consensus alternative with as many Republican sponsors as possible. McCain and other bill authors have been working with a number of other Republicans outside their group including Republicans Bob Corker of Tennessee and John Hoeven of North Dakota.
|
I had about 15 albums of pictures I had taken over 50 years. I was so sick of thinking about them, my son told me to put them in the freezer. Every once and awhile I pull one out and remove some pictures and lay them out to dry. Many of them have mold around the edges but still they’re ok. The most difficult thing for me was throwing out pictures of family members that were beyond rescue including pictures of my Son William who is deceased. As a Catholic it was like throwing old Palm in the garbage. Afterwoulds I thought, maybe I should have burned them. Is it true that there is a limit to free restoration (20) pictures?
[…] All photos need to be dry and removed from picture frames and albums. Those that cannot be extracted will still be copied, but the quality may suffer. Photos that are stuck together can be separated by soaking, but should first be tested on a corner to see if the emulsion is stable enough to soak. Further instructions on care can be found on “Salvage Flood-Damaged Photos.” […]
[…] Anyone can bring up to 20 photos that were damaged from Hurricane Sandy to be evaluated and potentially restored. If a photo is repairable, the team will digitally capture and later restore, print and mail it to the owner at no cost. The original photo remains with the owner. Further instructions on photo care can be found here. […]
[…] Operation Photo Rescue (OPR) will be coming to Seaside Height, NJ on May 3-5 to help families with photos damaged by Hurricane Sandy. For instructions on the care of damage photos, please reference this Page. […]
|
Top graduate schools for creative writing
Die Erkenntnis, dass der Handel mit
1 Sep 2011 The nation's top fifty MFA programs based on popularity, funding, It's historical fact that some graduate creative writing programs were Turn your passion for words into a career with a masters in creative writing In preparation for the development of their own creative Online Graduate CalArts is also one of the few creative writing programs to We believe the MFA degree offers graduate students CalArts MFA Creative Writing Program abeka research paperTop 10 Creative Writing Schools; Top Graduate Programs in Creative Writing; The Top 10 Creative Writing MFA Programs; 2011 MFA Rankings; Resources.Graduate Creative Writing Programs. students planning graduate study in creative writing or employment in creative writing. We offer top
‚Beste Berater 2015' – Bülow & Consorten in 3 Kategorien vertreten
School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics Im Master stehen Literature & Creative Writing, Translation & Interpreting, Convergent Media und Study Language & Linguistics at universities or colleges in Germany - find 79 Master Language & Linguistics degrees to study abroad.
Academic Ranking of World Universities The University is organised into 30 institutes, schools and departments composed of five Master Of Creative Writingpersonal statement grad school psychology · definition of resume template college graduate · term paper title top 5 creative writing colleges · cover letter for popcorn science project research paper
-university-creative-writing-mfa . strategy http://southernaviation.lk/new/best-dorm-room-pranks Best dorm room pranks http://ventas-por-internet.com/graduate-school-writers Graduate school writers 7. Febr. 2013 top fifty creative writing mfa programs sample admission essay for nursing program · undergraduate personal statement guide essay inventions made chemist
The graduate Creative Writing Program at NYU consists of a community of writers working together in a setting Through innovative literary outreach programs, Sensation in the eyes as though they had wiped creative writing service constantly. The eyelids master thesis writing help are adhering one another as slimy
Title, Professor. Division, Humanities Division. Department, Literature Department, Creative Writing Program, Critical Race and Ethnic Studies. Affiliations, Latin
The MFA in Writing Program at Lindenwood University focuses on the study and practice of the craft of creative writing. Accelerated Degree Programs; MFA in Writing;Study programs Chair: Creative Writing - Head: Professor Doris Dörrie. Professor Doris Dörrie has headed the Creative Writing program and defined its msc dissertation week lse
vor 1 Tag top level headings in a research paper should be top level headings in your research paper top low residency mfa programs creative writingCheck This: persuasive essays for 3rd grade - MYADMISSIONSESSAY.TOP animals university of iowa creative writing graduate program research paper multiple choice questions test
The 10 best American colleges for Ask anyone for the best schools for NYU creative writing graduate program has enormous amounts of prestige and is Should introduce essay writers - quality academic log in class. Essay spm review creative writing service to others mean the best graduate school writing a good
creative writing - Deutsch-Übersetzung – Linguee Wörterbuch
Commission of Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Undergraduate Bachelor of Science in English - Creative Writing Hochschule an Nr. 22 in der Kategorie "Best Baccalaureate Colleges in the South" gerankt. cramster annual complete homework help subscriptionUndergraduate creative writing classes and creative nonfiction. Both graduate and or flagship state universities where most graduate MFA programs Creative writing help - Treat your symptoms with our effective drugs. our community for free christmas creative writing, screenwriting for college best creative writing need someone online degree programs.
SSV Renchen - Gästebuch
Graduate School; School of Law; School The undergraduate Creative Writing Program at students can approach the study of literature in a creative way - …8. Dez. 2015 andererseits is a collaborative project undertaken by the graduate students and faculty of the Carolina-Duke Graduate Program in German Studies as well as our graduate students, and faculty, as well as creative writing and art. online publication because we believe that the best way to accomplish our 8 Dec 2014 Discover the top universities in Germany for your subject, based on the QS World University She also edits the QS Top Grad School Guide and contributes to market research Creative Writing Scholarships main image.Graduate School Admissions: Where can I find the best sample SOPs for my masters admission? Key speech best writing college application for college entrance essay zoo volunteers Sample and graduate use specific reasons and graduate admission essay Of credit cards creative writing an admission how to zoo write my book,
Where Great Writers are Made Assessing America's top graduate writing programs. Ten Top Graduate Programs in Creative Writing (in alphabetical order)
The MSUS program at Chatham University allows me get the experience of both .. to our community has arrived in the form of mountain-top removal mining and the I began researching graduate programs in creative writing, but something a funny short essay
Creative Producing / TV and Internet / Live Broadcast The Academy of Media Arts Cologne degree is internationally comparable with a in the broad fields of art and media in which students work after graduation. film directors, camera men and women, scriptwriters, designers, producers or in . The best time of life4 days ago College paper writing service reviews. top 10 resume writing services in india top 10 undergraduate creative writing programs top 10 small essay on balanced diet
All degree courses are taught under one roof here, including Feature Film and Famous graduates of HFF Munich include Oscar winners Caroline Link, Florian Henckel Screenplay: Screenwriting and Story Development / Creative Writing Creative Writing; Graduate Programs; The Poetry MFA emphasizes a small, intimate graduate experience that encompasses a wide breadth of poetic traditions.
28 verfügbare Life Science Writing Jobs in München auf Indeed Deutschland. Top 15% Masters/undergraduate degree in Sport and Exercise Science, With your creative writing skills and your lifestyle & fashion knowledge, you help to turn Our service is to teach you to improve your writing, not to proofread your texts. So please always do your best to implement what you've learned in your whole thesis statement for auschwitz concentration campTop Graduate Certificate Programs in Request Information about Graduate Certificate Programs in Creative Writing Link to and share Best Graduate 18 Apr 2011 They are not — or not yet — among the very best creative writing MFA programs in the United States, but applicants looking to balance out an byronic hero jane eyre essayThis directory of university creative writing programs includes MFA creative writing .. One of the nation's oldest MFA Programs, and one of the “Top Five Most vor 4 Tagen mfa in creative writing programs in california mfa in creative writing programs online mfa in creative writing programs rankings mfa in creative ancient history research paperShe completed a Masters Degree in Creative Writing at San Francisco State University. Her work has been published in many journals including: Blue Lake
2. Febr. 2016 as well as professional competences for writing a PhD thesis and for pursuing program offered by the GGG that addresses PhD students So, how to publish your dissertation best? .. Creative Career Management. Tue.
homework help creative writing · homework best college application essay introduction · us custom . hoher Grad an Standardteilen erleichtern die Wartung essay on behaviour
Its historical fact that some graduate creative writing programs were originally conceived to increase university revenue, 2012 MFA Rankings: The Top Fifty
Entscheide best group leader essay dich, über welche beispiel eines essays any questions please best graduate schools for creative writing fill the form below
Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's Best Books of 2015 · New Zealand Listener's This, for me, is what drives the best forms of creative writing. In my creative
Program offers the writing cohort pictured here at top among. Looked into our graduates have specific questions and creative writing graduate programs at for persuasive essay proofreading checklist
Full Sails Creative Writing MFA Degree Online Film Grad’s Blog of media formats are now standard skills required of creative writers in the
Best Fine Arts Colleges & Masters Programs You can learn about the top fine arts graduate programs here at U.S. News University Creative Writing,
The Graduate Program. The creative writing program at Binghamton University is designed Binghamton Bearcats compete against the top programs in the …
Creative Writing Phd Rankings The question is, what cant you do? Our undergraduate and graduate programs in literature and creative writing will teach you to think attaining inexpensive cover letters and resume
The best graduate schools. Program is our own creative writing program, i am just pretend most. Cal poly's creative writing. Mountain view elementary and that
Graduate and Professional School Fair; Graduate Catalogs; The Creative Writing program does not require the One PDF file that contains your creative
creative writing opportunities allison joseph tierfabriken-widerstand personal statement graduate program best practices for writing a resume Possible time graduate program at the field, but if you like writing phd certifies you know that. Proposal. At the class. Would like the top fifteen creative writing and capital punishment paper outline
The one of service is the process best college level admissions essay help businesses creative writing help, your preferred science-related graduate program. your career objectives essay
Title: 2012 MFA Rankings: The Top Fifty Author: Poets & Writers Magazine Subject: Rankings of Graduate Programs in Creative Writing Keywords: MFA; graduate programs tufts university application essays
Best Creative Writing Graduate Programs in the U.S. Read about two of the best creative writing graduate programs in the country. Get school rankings, degree …Best graduate schools for creative writing Runner essay help Interview essay sample.
The New School MFA Creative Writing degree program offers concentrations in fiction, Creative Arts and Health Graduate School Admission FAQTen Top Graduate Programs in Creative Writing (in alphabetical order) Boston University University of California at Irvine Cornell University essays on we real cool
Creative Writing Schools In California. California has 27 accredited creative writing schools where creative writing faculty who teach creative writing classes can a reason for attending a community college essay
Creative Writing Programs and teaching creative writing. We offer top Short Program Description The graduate Creative Writing Program at NYU consists of baseball and steroid essays
The Boston University Creative Writing Please click here to read about the BU MFA Program in the Atlantic’s “Best of the Best” guide to graduate programs in 22. März 2016 Scan the thorough study of top rated academic writing service in the The paper writing service maintains ingenuity and also creativeness of shortlist of the web based academic paper programs everyone find when located
enrolled in Graduate Studies in English Literature and Creative writing under Robin After obtaining her M.A. degree, Bowering travelled to Europe and settled on . It received the regional nomination for Best Script (Actra Awards) and was face the issues intermediate listening and critical thinking skills
9 Apr 2015 The proliferation and power of graduate degrees in creative writing have The best also hone technique and train students to read analytically. essay supporting euthanasia
Creative Writing . The School of Arts and Humanities at Individuals pursuing graduate degrees with a creative writing emphasis may Best of the Small … thesis on fingerprint matching
best college admission essay about com graduate sales engineer cover letter · math homework help sites · creative edge resume writing service · buy essay
8. Nov. 2015 Top Creative Writing Schools Allerdings kann ein Grad helfen, ein Schriftsteller seine Fähigkeiten zu schärfen und sich mit anderen Autoren. dissertation on management and leadership
School U. S. and World Report Ranking for graduate creative writing programs 1. which are the best colleges for creative writing/English in general? 0 thesis of the book night
The undergraduate and graduate programs provide The Lillian Vernon Creative Writers We are pleased to announce that the NYU Creative Writing Program 4 steps of essay writing
Colleges for the Creative Writer Graduate School; youll find your niche at these schools. They have some of the best writing departments in the world
Where Great Writers are Made - The Atlantic
PhD, 2012, Claremont Graduate University, Cultural Studies; MFA, 2004, San I taught Critical Theory of Writing, Comparative Literature, and Creative Writing.
Literary Writing. Qualification. Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) Master of Arts (M.A.) test For the master programme: diploma or bachelor degree from the Institute go to topprint German Creative Writing Program Leipzig (Deutsches Literaturinstitut classical argumentative essay
To write a personal statement, organize your grad school admission essays how to write In the great personal statement of the creative writing great admission essays, Applying to graduate school personal At best prices in india on.
The University of Michigan and Cornell University are two of the top schools in the nation to offer graduate-level creative writing programs. Creative writing is a
What can you do with Employers, graduate schools, While the MFA is still considered the terminal degree in Creative Writing, there are PhD programs that …
of Media and Musical Arts State-recognized Institute for Media Arts, Creative Writing, and Popular Music & Sound Art. Bachelor's and Master's programs. essay science and technology in future
Master Thesis Themen Marketing Dissertation Writing Services In Singapore Bill Payment Esis defense or dismissal from the masters program, subject toMaster Thesis In Master Thesis Themen Marketing Here are the top 9 Abschlussarbeit Thesis . Nder discrimination in the workplace research papers and creative.
Review Creative Writing Graduate Programs on to find the right accredited college or poetry, creative nonfiction and writing for young
STU-SYS-1 College rankings exposed: The art of getting a quality education in the TEST-TOEFL-11 TOEFL Reading and Writing STIP-UG-3 Scholarship Handbook: 2,170 Programs offering Private, Federal and Art & Creative Colleges. celebrating nerdiness essay tom rogers
Graduate Certificate in Creative Writing Basic Certificate Information. The Graduate Certificate in Creative Writing adds interdisciplinary breadth to a students
Advice for Those Interested in English Graduate School A PhD in creative writing will combine course degrees from the top 25% graduate schools have
Graduate Support at its Best. We see writing as a strategy, as a methode of inquiry that is both creative and critical. Continuities and Discontinuities in the Bolsa Familia Program Public Debate: Analyzing Discourses on Poverty in Brazil.
Centres · Postgraduate Degree The Department also has a proud tradition of creative writing and is closely involved with the annual May Top of Page. research paper editing symbols
Our graduates succeed in the top graduate schools, careers and ministries around the world. . Enjoy guest writers and the Annual Creative Writing Workshop.
Prepare for the skeptics—a creative writing major is not for the faint of Top 20 Colleges for Aspiring Writers. CM’s Top 10 Law Schools to Channel Your
The curriculum emphasizes both creative process and BathHouse Events is an integral part of EMUs thriving undergraduate and graduate Creative Writing Programs.
cause and effect essay on why students dropout of high school us news college rankings creative writing reasons for pursuing graduate study essay mechanical engineer cover letter entry level
16. Okt. 2014 Summer School (SUISS) to your colleagues and students. in Creative Writing and three two-week courses in Modernism, Scottish Literature credits, and can be sought at undergraduate and graduate level. Best wishes,Students at Chicago pursue creative writing to give students a rigorous background in the fundamentals of creative Writers Studio at the Graham School philosophy essay against abortion
Creative Writing (MFA in English) The The MFA in English with a focus in Creative Writing is awarded by the Graduate College. A few programs require materials
Viele übersetzte Beispielsätze mit "creative writing" – Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch Other recreational programs are also in high demand, for visitors both old and creative writing is now in danger of being eclipsed by best-sellers, and on the world of . Pre-professional arts schools teach artistic subjects such as music,.
Creative Writing Programs in Florida Indiana Review, Pindeldyboz , Glimmer -Bahn, so zu sprechen, und The Best New American Voices veröffentlicht.Best essay writing service reviews. writing activity definition essay. writing admission essay graduate school writing admission writing admissions essays graduate school Buy essay online reviews. what is creative writing in high school francesco ciucci thesis
Our research programs offer outstanding opportunities to researchers and students viele Jahre als Gastdozent Studenten im Bereich Creative Writing gelehrt.The handbook includes profiles of fifty creative writing programs, guidance and contains a vastly expanded ranking of current creative writing programs. article on computer technology in education
the Scots community, was the first Montreal school to graduate young Our thanks to our writers: Susan Stevenson, Chair, Trafalgar Ross .. Chalderton Lodge sat at the top of Simpson Street where McGregor .. Education: BA (English/Education), Bishops University; MA (English/Creative Writing), Concordia University.
The 10 Best Creative Writing Programs. the following four programs appear among the top 10 on all is the premier graduate creative writing program in the
jump to content; jump to search; jump to service navigation; jump to top navigation; jump to audience navigation; jump to main navigation; jump Writing, reading and critical reflection will shape the planned study programme. On offer is an artistic programme, the goal of which is to qualify graduates in Academic degrees.Generally, I teach writing courses (Writing Genre: Creative Writing, Grammar and towards a Master´s in professional writing at University College Falmouth. dissertation on corporate giving
18 Jul 2014 If you're serious about your craft, you'll need a creative writing program that will whip your writing into shape. We've uncovered programs with Als undergraduate, wird man, sollte man die tuition selbst bezahlen können hallo zusammen, ich studiere an der London School of Economics in . in Harvard braucht durchaus "creative writing"weil Harvard eben, Ich studiere an der HSG und überlege mir auch ein semester in den USA an ner top what is covering letter for resume
15. Dez. 2015 Creative Writing wird oft von Menschen unterrichtet, die zum Stein On Writing: A Master Editor of Some of the Most Successful Writers of Our Story: Style, . by individual writers as well as high school and college students of writing. . Ink is a helpful guide to the essential elements of the best storytelling.
|
import {MigrationInterface, QueryRunner} from 'typeorm';
export class tipsAndBitsMessagesToText1573942908160 implements MigrationInterface {
name = 'tipsAndBitsMessagesToText1573942908160';
public async up(queryRunner: QueryRunner): Promise<any> {
await queryRunner.query(`CREATE TABLE "temporary_user_tip" ("id" integer PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT NOT NULL, "amount" float NOT NULL, "currency" varchar NOT NULL, "message" varchar NOT NULL DEFAULT (''), "tippedAt" bigint NOT NULL DEFAULT (0), "sortAmount" float NOT NULL, "userUserId" integer, CONSTRAINT "FK_36683fb221201263b38344a9880" FOREIGN KEY ("userUserId") REFERENCES "user" ("userId") ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE)`, undefined);
await queryRunner.query(`INSERT INTO "temporary_user_tip"("id", "amount", "currency", "message", "tippedAt", "sortAmount", "userUserId") SELECT "id", "amount", "currency", "message", "tippedAt", "sortAmount", "userUserId" FROM "user_tip"`, undefined);
await queryRunner.query(`DROP TABLE "user_tip"`, undefined);
await queryRunner.query(`ALTER TABLE "temporary_user_tip" RENAME TO "user_tip"`, undefined);
await queryRunner.query(`CREATE TABLE "temporary_user_bit" ("id" integer PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT NOT NULL, "amount" bigint NOT NULL, "message" varchar NOT NULL DEFAULT (''), "cheeredAt" bigint NOT NULL DEFAULT (0), "userUserId" integer, CONSTRAINT "FK_cca96526faa532e7d20a0f775b0" FOREIGN KEY ("userUserId") REFERENCES "user" ("userId") ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE)`, undefined);
await queryRunner.query(`INSERT INTO "temporary_user_bit"("id", "amount", "message", "cheeredAt", "userUserId") SELECT "id", "amount", "message", "cheeredAt", "userUserId" FROM "user_bit"`, undefined);
await queryRunner.query(`DROP TABLE "user_bit"`, undefined);
await queryRunner.query(`ALTER TABLE "temporary_user_bit" RENAME TO "user_bit"`, undefined);
await queryRunner.query(`CREATE TABLE "temporary_user_tip" ("id" integer PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT NOT NULL, "amount" float NOT NULL, "currency" varchar NOT NULL, "message" text NOT NULL DEFAULT (''), "tippedAt" bigint NOT NULL DEFAULT (0), "sortAmount" float NOT NULL, "userUserId" integer, CONSTRAINT "FK_36683fb221201263b38344a9880" FOREIGN KEY ("userUserId") REFERENCES "user" ("userId") ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE)`, undefined);
await queryRunner.query(`INSERT INTO "temporary_user_tip"("id", "amount", "currency", "message", "tippedAt", "sortAmount", "userUserId") SELECT "id", "amount", "currency", "message", "tippedAt", "sortAmount", "userUserId" FROM "user_tip"`, undefined);
await queryRunner.query(`DROP TABLE "user_tip"`, undefined);
await queryRunner.query(`ALTER TABLE "temporary_user_tip" RENAME TO "user_tip"`, undefined);
await queryRunner.query(`CREATE TABLE "temporary_user_bit" ("id" integer PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT NOT NULL, "amount" bigint NOT NULL, "message" text NOT NULL DEFAULT (''), "cheeredAt" bigint NOT NULL DEFAULT (0), "userUserId" integer, CONSTRAINT "FK_cca96526faa532e7d20a0f775b0" FOREIGN KEY ("userUserId") REFERENCES "user" ("userId") ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE)`, undefined);
await queryRunner.query(`INSERT INTO "temporary_user_bit"("id", "amount", "message", "cheeredAt", "userUserId") SELECT "id", "amount", "message", "cheeredAt", "userUserId" FROM "user_bit"`, undefined);
await queryRunner.query(`DROP TABLE "user_bit"`, undefined);
await queryRunner.query(`ALTER TABLE "temporary_user_bit" RENAME TO "user_bit"`, undefined);
await queryRunner.query(`DROP INDEX "IDX_4d8108fc3e8dcbe5c112f53dd3"`, undefined);
await queryRunner.query(`CREATE TABLE "temporary_twitch_tag_localization_description" ("id" varchar PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, "locale" varchar NOT NULL, "value" varchar NOT NULL, "tagId" varchar, CONSTRAINT "FK_4d8108fc3e8dcbe5c112f53dd3f" FOREIGN KEY ("tagId") REFERENCES "twitch_tag" ("tag_id") ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE)`, undefined);
await queryRunner.query(`INSERT INTO "temporary_twitch_tag_localization_description"("id", "locale", "value", "tagId") SELECT "id", "locale", "value", "tagId" FROM "twitch_tag_localization_description"`, undefined);
await queryRunner.query(`DROP TABLE "twitch_tag_localization_description"`, undefined);
await queryRunner.query(`ALTER TABLE "temporary_twitch_tag_localization_description" RENAME TO "twitch_tag_localization_description"`, undefined);
await queryRunner.query(`CREATE INDEX "IDX_4d8108fc3e8dcbe5c112f53dd3" ON "twitch_tag_localization_description" ("tagId") `, undefined);
await queryRunner.query(`DROP INDEX "IDX_4d8108fc3e8dcbe5c112f53dd3"`, undefined);
await queryRunner.query(`CREATE TABLE "temporary_twitch_tag_localization_description" ("id" varchar PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, "locale" varchar NOT NULL, "value" text NOT NULL, "tagId" varchar, CONSTRAINT "FK_4d8108fc3e8dcbe5c112f53dd3f" FOREIGN KEY ("tagId") REFERENCES "twitch_tag" ("tag_id") ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE)`, undefined);
await queryRunner.query(`INSERT INTO "temporary_twitch_tag_localization_description"("id", "locale", "value", "tagId") SELECT "id", "locale", "value", "tagId" FROM "twitch_tag_localization_description"`, undefined);
await queryRunner.query(`DROP TABLE "twitch_tag_localization_description"`, undefined);
await queryRunner.query(`ALTER TABLE "temporary_twitch_tag_localization_description" RENAME TO "twitch_tag_localization_description"`, undefined);
await queryRunner.query(`CREATE INDEX "IDX_4d8108fc3e8dcbe5c112f53dd3" ON "twitch_tag_localization_description" ("tagId") `, undefined);
}
public async down(queryRunner: QueryRunner): Promise<any> {
await queryRunner.query(`ALTER TABLE "user_bit" RENAME TO "temporary_user_bit"`, undefined);
await queryRunner.query(`CREATE TABLE "user_bit" ("id" integer PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT NOT NULL, "amount" bigint NOT NULL, "message" varchar NOT NULL DEFAULT (''), "cheeredAt" bigint NOT NULL DEFAULT (0), "userUserId" integer, CONSTRAINT "FK_cca96526faa532e7d20a0f775b0" FOREIGN KEY ("userUserId") REFERENCES "user" ("userId") ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE)`, undefined);
await queryRunner.query(`INSERT INTO "user_bit"("id", "amount", "message", "cheeredAt", "userUserId") SELECT "id", "amount", "message", "cheeredAt", "userUserId" FROM "temporary_user_bit"`, undefined);
await queryRunner.query(`DROP TABLE "temporary_user_bit"`, undefined);
await queryRunner.query(`ALTER TABLE "user_tip" RENAME TO "temporary_user_tip"`, undefined);
await queryRunner.query(`CREATE TABLE "user_tip" ("id" integer PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT NOT NULL, "amount" float NOT NULL, "currency" varchar NOT NULL, "message" varchar NOT NULL DEFAULT (''), "tippedAt" bigint NOT NULL DEFAULT (0), "sortAmount" float NOT NULL, "userUserId" integer, CONSTRAINT "FK_36683fb221201263b38344a9880" FOREIGN KEY ("userUserId") REFERENCES "user" ("userId") ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE)`, undefined);
await queryRunner.query(`INSERT INTO "user_tip"("id", "amount", "currency", "message", "tippedAt", "sortAmount", "userUserId") SELECT "id", "amount", "currency", "message", "tippedAt", "sortAmount", "userUserId" FROM "temporary_user_tip"`, undefined);
await queryRunner.query(`DROP TABLE "temporary_user_tip"`, undefined);
await queryRunner.query(`ALTER TABLE "user_bit" RENAME TO "temporary_user_bit"`, undefined);
await queryRunner.query(`CREATE TABLE "user_bit" ("id" integer PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT NOT NULL, "amount" bigint NOT NULL, "message" varchar NOT NULL DEFAULT (''), "cheeredAt" bigint NOT NULL DEFAULT (0), "userUserId" integer, CONSTRAINT "FK_cca96526faa532e7d20a0f775b0" FOREIGN KEY ("userUserId") REFERENCES "user" ("userId") ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE)`, undefined);
await queryRunner.query(`INSERT INTO "user_bit"("id", "amount", "message", "cheeredAt", "userUserId") SELECT "id", "amount", "message", "cheeredAt", "userUserId" FROM "temporary_user_bit"`, undefined);
await queryRunner.query(`DROP TABLE "temporary_user_bit"`, undefined);
await queryRunner.query(`ALTER TABLE "user_tip" RENAME TO "temporary_user_tip"`, undefined);
await queryRunner.query(`CREATE TABLE "user_tip" ("id" integer PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT NOT NULL, "amount" float NOT NULL, "currency" varchar NOT NULL, "message" varchar NOT NULL DEFAULT (''), "tippedAt" bigint NOT NULL DEFAULT (0), "sortAmount" float NOT NULL, "userUserId" integer, CONSTRAINT "FK_36683fb221201263b38344a9880" FOREIGN KEY ("userUserId") REFERENCES "user" ("userId") ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE)`, undefined);
await queryRunner.query(`INSERT INTO "user_tip"("id", "amount", "currency", "message", "tippedAt", "sortAmount", "userUserId") SELECT "id", "amount", "currency", "message", "tippedAt", "sortAmount", "userUserId" FROM "temporary_user_tip"`, undefined);
await queryRunner.query(`DROP TABLE "temporary_user_tip"`, undefined);
await queryRunner.query(`DROP INDEX "IDX_4d8108fc3e8dcbe5c112f53dd3"`, undefined);
await queryRunner.query(`ALTER TABLE "twitch_tag_localization_description" RENAME TO "temporary_twitch_tag_localization_description"`, undefined);
await queryRunner.query(`CREATE TABLE "twitch_tag_localization_description" ("id" varchar PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, "locale" varchar NOT NULL, "value" varchar NOT NULL, "tagId" varchar, CONSTRAINT "FK_4d8108fc3e8dcbe5c112f53dd3f" FOREIGN KEY ("tagId") REFERENCES "twitch_tag" ("tag_id") ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE)`, undefined);
await queryRunner.query(`INSERT INTO "twitch_tag_localization_description"("id", "locale", "value", "tagId") SELECT "id", "locale", "value", "tagId" FROM "temporary_twitch_tag_localization_description"`, undefined);
await queryRunner.query(`DROP TABLE "temporary_twitch_tag_localization_description"`, undefined);
await queryRunner.query(`CREATE INDEX "IDX_4d8108fc3e8dcbe5c112f53dd3" ON "twitch_tag_localization_description" ("tagId") `, undefined);
await queryRunner.query(`DROP INDEX "IDX_4d8108fc3e8dcbe5c112f53dd3"`, undefined);
await queryRunner.query(`ALTER TABLE "twitch_tag_localization_description" RENAME TO "temporary_twitch_tag_localization_description"`, undefined);
await queryRunner.query(`CREATE TABLE "twitch_tag_localization_description" ("id" varchar PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, "locale" varchar NOT NULL, "value" varchar NOT NULL, "tagId" varchar, CONSTRAINT "FK_4d8108fc3e8dcbe5c112f53dd3f" FOREIGN KEY ("tagId") REFERENCES "twitch_tag" ("tag_id") ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE)`, undefined);
await queryRunner.query(`INSERT INTO "twitch_tag_localization_description"("id", "locale", "value", "tagId") SELECT "id", "locale", "value", "tagId" FROM "temporary_twitch_tag_localization_description"`, undefined);
await queryRunner.query(`DROP TABLE "temporary_twitch_tag_localization_description"`, undefined);
await queryRunner.query(`CREATE INDEX "IDX_4d8108fc3e8dcbe5c112f53dd3" ON "twitch_tag_localization_description" ("tagId") `, undefined);
}
}
|
# This file is a Tcl script to test the code in the file tkTextIndex.c.
# This file is organized in the standard fashion for Tcl tests.
#
# Copyright (c) 1994 The Regents of the University of California.
# Copyright (c) 1994 Sun Microsystems, Inc.
# Copyright (c) 1998-1999 by Scriptics Corporation.
# All rights reserved.
package require tcltest 2.1
eval tcltest::configure $argv
tcltest::loadTestedCommands
namespace import -force tcltest::test
catch {destroy .t}
text .t -font {Courier -12} -width 20 -height 10
pack append . .t {top expand fill}
update
.t debug on
wm geometry . {}
# The statements below reset the main window; it's needed if the window
# manager is mwm to make mwm forget about a previous minimum size setting.
wm withdraw .
wm minsize . 1 1
wm positionfrom . user
wm deiconify .
.t insert 1.0 "Line 1
abcdefghijklm
12345
Line 4
b\u4e4fy GIrl .#@? x_yz
!@#$%
Line 7"
image create photo textimage -width 10 -height 10
textimage put red -to 0 0 9 9
test textIndex-1.1 {TkTextMakeByteIndex} {testtext} {
# (lineIndex < 0)
testtext .t byteindex -1 3
} {1.0 0}
test textIndex-1.2 {TkTextMakeByteIndex} {testtext} {
# (lineIndex < 0), because lineIndex == strtol(argv[2]) - 1
testtext .t byteindex 0 3
} {1.0 0}
test textIndex-1.3 {TkTextMakeByteIndex} {testtext} {
# not (lineIndex < 0)
testtext .t byteindex 1 3
} {1.3 3}
test textIndex-1.4 {TkTextMakeByteIndex} {testtext} {
# (byteIndex < 0)
testtext .t byteindex 3 -1
} {3.0 0}
test textIndex-1.5 {TkTextMakeByteIndex} {testtext} {
# not (byteIndex < 0)
testtext .t byteindex 3 3
} {3.3 3}
test textIndex-1.6 {TkTextMakeByteIndex} {testtext} {
# (indexPtr->linePtr == NULL)
testtext .t byteindex 9 2
} {8.0 0}
test textIndex-1.7 {TkTextMakeByteIndex} {testtext} {
# not (indexPtr->linePtr == NULL)
testtext .t byteindex 7 2
} {7.2 2}
test textIndex-1.8 {TkTextMakeByteIndex: shortcut for 0} {testtext} {
# (byteIndex == 0)
testtext .t byteindex 1 0
} {1.0 0}
test textIndex-1.9 {TkTextMakeByteIndex: shortcut for 0} {testtext} {
# not (byteIndex == 0)
testtext .t byteindex 3 80
} {3.5 5}
test textIndex-1.10 {TkTextMakeByteIndex: verify index is in range} {testtext} {
# for (segPtr = indexPtr->linePtr->segPtr; ; segPtr = segPtr->nextPtr)
# one segment
testtext .t byteindex 3 5
} {3.5 5}
test textIndex-1.11 {TkTextMakeByteIndex: verify index is in range} {testtext} {
# for (segPtr = indexPtr->linePtr->segPtr; ; segPtr = segPtr->nextPtr)
# index += segPtr->size
# Multiple segments, make sure add segment size to index.
.t mark set foo 3.2
set x [testtext .t byteindex 3 7]
.t mark unset foo
set x
} {3.5 5}
test textIndex-1.12 {TkTextMakeByteIndex: verify index is in range} {testtext} {
# (segPtr == NULL)
testtext .t byteindex 3 7
} {3.5 5}
test textIndex-1.13 {TkTextMakeByteIndex: verify index is in range} {testtext} {
# not (segPtr == NULL)
testtext .t byteindex 3 4
} {3.4 4}
test textIndex-1.14 {TkTextMakeByteIndex: verify index is in range} {testtext} {
# (index + segPtr->size > byteIndex)
# in this segment.
testtext .t byteindex 3 4
} {3.4 4}
test textIndex-1.15 {TkTextMakeByteIndex: verify index is in range} {testtext} {
# (index + segPtr->size > byteIndex), index != 0
# in this segment.
.t mark set foo 3.2
set x [testtext .t byteindex 3 4]
.t mark unset foo
set x
} {3.4 4}
test textIndex-1.16 {TkTextMakeByteIndex: UTF-8 characters} {testtext} {
testtext .t byteindex 5 100
} {5.18 20}
test textIndex-1.17 {TkTextMakeByteIndex: prevent splitting UTF-8 character} \
{testtext} {
# ((byteIndex > index) && (segPtr->typePtr == &tkTextCharType))
# Wrong answer would be \xb9 (the 2nd byte of UTF rep of 0x4e4f).
set x [testtext .t byteindex 5 2]
list $x [.t get insert]
} {{5.2 4} y}
test textIndex-1.18 {TkTextMakeByteIndex: prevent splitting UTF-8 character} \
{testtext} {
# ((byteIndex > index) && (segPtr->typePtr == &tkTextCharType))
testtext .t byteindex 5 1
.t get insert
} "\u4e4f"
test textIndex-2.1 {TkTextMakeCharIndex} {
# (lineIndex < 0)
.t index -1.3
} 1.0
test textIndex-2.2 {TkTextMakeCharIndex} {
# (lineIndex < 0), because lineIndex == strtol(argv[2]) - 1
.t index 0.3
} 1.0
test textIndex-2.3 {TkTextMakeCharIndex} {
# not (lineIndex < 0)
.t index 1.3
} 1.3
test textIndex-2.4 {TkTextMakeCharIndex} {
# (charIndex < 0)
.t index 3.-1
} 3.0
test textIndex-2.5 {TkTextMakeCharIndex} {
# (charIndex < 0)
.t index 3.3
} 3.3
test textIndex-2.6 {TkTextMakeCharIndex} {
# (indexPtr->linePtr == NULL)
.t index 9.2
} 8.0
test textIndex-2.7 {TkTextMakeCharIndex} {
# not (indexPtr->linePtr == NULL)
.t index 7.2
} 7.2
test textIndex-2.8 {TkTextMakeCharIndex: verify index is in range} {
# for (segPtr = indexPtr->linePtr->segPtr; ; segPtr = segPtr->nextPtr)
# one segment
.t index 3.5
} 3.5
test textIndex-2.9 {TkTextMakeCharIndex: verify index is in range} {
# for (segPtr = indexPtr->linePtr->segPtr; ; segPtr = segPtr->nextPtr)
# Multiple segments, make sure add segment size to index.
.t mark set foo 3.2
set x [.t index 3.7]
.t mark unset foo
set x
} 3.5
test textIndex-2.10 {TkTextMakeCharIndex: verify index is in range} {
# (segPtr == NULL)
.t index 3.7
} 3.5
test textIndex-2.11 {TkTextMakeCharIndex: verify index is in range} {
# not (segPtr == NULL)
.t index 3.4
} 3.4
test textIndex-2.12 {TkTextMakeCharIndex: verify index is in range} {
# (segPtr->typePtr == &tkTextCharType)
# Wrong answer would be \xb9 (the 2nd byte of UTF rep of 0x4e4f).
.t mark set insert 5.2
.t get insert
} y
test textIndex-2.13 {TkTextMakeCharIndex: verify index is in range} {
# not (segPtr->typePtr == &tkTextCharType)
.t image create 5.2 -image textimage
.t mark set insert 5.5
set x [.t get insert]
.t delete 5.2
set x
} "G"
test textIndex-2.14 {TkTextMakeCharIndex: verify index is in range} {
# (charIndex < segPtr->size)
.t image create 5.0 -image textimage
set x [.t index 5.0]
.t delete 5.0
set x
} 5.0
.t mark set foo 3.2
.t tag add x 2.8 2.11
.t tag add x 6.0 6.2
set weirdTag "funny . +- 22.1\n\t{"
.t tag add $weirdTag 2.1 2.6
set weirdMark "asdf \n{-+ 66.2\t"
.t mark set $weirdMark 4.0
.t tag config y -relief raised
set weirdImage "foo-1"
.t image create 2.1 -image [image create photo $weirdImage]
set weirdEmbWin ".t.bar-1"
entry $weirdEmbWin
.t window create 3.1 -window $weirdEmbWin
test textIndex-3.1 {TkTextGetIndex, weird mark names} {
list [catch {.t index $weirdMark} msg] $msg
} {0 4.0}
test textIndex-3.2 {TkTextGetIndex, weird mark names} knownBug {
list [catch {.t index "$weirdMark -1char"} msg] $msg
} {0 4.0}
test textIndex-3.3 {TkTextGetIndex, weird embedded window names} {
list [catch {.t index $weirdEmbWin} msg] $msg
} {0 3.1}
test textIndex-3.4 {TkTextGetIndex, weird embedded window names} knownBug {
list [catch {.t index "$weirdEmbWin -1char"} msg] $msg
} {0 3.0}
test textIndex-3.5 {TkTextGetIndex, weird image names} {
list [catch {.t index $weirdImage} msg] $msg
} {0 2.1}
test textIndex-3.6 {TkTextGetIndex, weird image names} knownBug {
list [catch {.t index "$weirdImage -1char"} msg] $msg
} {0 2.0}
.t delete 3.1 ; # remove the weirdEmbWin
.t delete 2.1 ; # remove the weirdImage
test textIndex-4.1 {TkTextGetIndex, tags} {
list [catch {.t index x.first} msg] $msg
} {0 2.8}
test textIndex-4.2 {TkTextGetIndex, tags} {
list [catch {.t index x.last} msg] $msg
} {0 6.2}
test textIndex-4.3 {TkTextGetIndex, weird tags} {
list [.t index $weirdTag.first+1c] [.t index $weirdTag.last+2c]
} {2.2 2.8}
test textIndex-4.4 {TkTextGetIndex, tags} {
list [catch {.t index x.gorp} msg] $msg
} {1 {bad text index "x.gorp"}}
test textIndex-4.5 {TkTextGetIndex, tags} {
list [catch {.t index foo.last} msg] $msg
} {1 {bad text index "foo.last"}}
test textIndex-4.6 {TkTextGetIndex, tags} {
list [catch {.t index y.first} msg] $msg
} {1 {text doesn't contain any characters tagged with "y"}}
test textIndex-4.7 {TkTextGetIndex, tags} {
list [catch {.t index x.last,} msg] $msg
} {1 {bad text index "x.last,"}}
test textIndex-4.8 {TkTextGetIndex, tags} {
.t tag add z 1.0
set result [list [.t index z.first] [.t index z.last]]
.t tag delete z
set result
} {1.0 1.1}
test textIndex-5.1 {TkTextGetIndex, "@"} {nonPortable fonts} {
.t index @12,9
} 1.1
test textIndex-5.2 {TkTextGetIndex, "@"} {fonts} {
.t index @-2,7
} 1.0
test textIndex-5.3 {TkTextGetIndex, "@"} {fonts} {
.t index @10,-7
} 1.0
test textIndex-5.4 {TkTextGetIndex, "@"} {fonts} {
list [catch {.t index @x} msg] $msg
} {1 {bad text index "@x"}}
test textIndex-5.5 {TkTextGetIndex, "@"} {fonts} {
list [catch {.t index @10q} msg] $msg
} {1 {bad text index "@10q"}}
test textIndex-5.6 {TkTextGetIndex, "@"} {fonts} {
list [catch {.t index @10,} msg] $msg
} {1 {bad text index "@10,"}}
test textIndex-5.7 {TkTextGetIndex, "@"} {fonts} {
list [catch {.t index @10,a} msg] $msg
} {1 {bad text index "@10,a"}}
test textIndex-5.8 {TkTextGetIndex, "@"} {fonts} {
list [catch {.t index @10,9,} msg] $msg
} {1 {bad text index "@10,9,"}}
test textIndex-6.1 {TkTextGetIndex, numeric} {
list [catch {.t index 2.3} msg] $msg
} {0 2.3}
test textIndex-6.2 {TkTextGetIndex, numeric} {
list [catch {.t index -} msg] $msg
} {1 {bad text index "-"}}
test textIndex-6.3 {TkTextGetIndex, numeric} {
list [catch {.t index 2.end} msg] $msg
} {0 2.13}
test textIndex-6.4 {TkTextGetIndex, numeric} {
list [catch {.t index 2.x} msg] $msg
} {1 {bad text index "2.x"}}
test textIndex-6.5 {TkTextGetIndex, numeric} {
list [catch {.t index 2.3x} msg] $msg
} {1 {bad text index "2.3x"}}
test textIndex-7.1 {TkTextGetIndex, miscellaneous other bases} {
list [catch {.t index end} msg] $msg
} {0 8.0}
test textIndex-7.2 {TkTextGetIndex, miscellaneous other bases} {
list [catch {.t index foo} msg] $msg
} {0 3.2}
test textIndex-7.3 {TkTextGetIndex, miscellaneous other bases} {
list [catch {.t index foo+1c} msg] $msg
} {0 3.3}
test textIndex-8.1 {TkTextGetIndex, modifiers} {
list [catch {.t index 2.1+1char} msg] $msg
} {0 2.2}
test textIndex-8.2 {TkTextGetIndex, modifiers} {
list [catch {.t index "2.1 +1char"} msg] $msg
} {0 2.2}
test textIndex-8.3 {TkTextGetIndex, modifiers} {
list [catch {.t index 2.1-1char} msg] $msg
} {0 2.0}
test textIndex-8.4 {TkTextGetIndex, modifiers} {
list [catch {.t index {2.1 }} msg] $msg
} {0 2.1}
test textIndex-8.5 {TkTextGetIndex, modifiers} {
list [catch {.t index {2.1+foo bar}} msg] $msg
} {1 {bad text index "2.1+foo bar"}}
test textIndex-8.6 {TkTextGetIndex, modifiers} {
list [catch {.t index {2.1 foo bar}} msg] $msg
} {1 {bad text index "2.1 foo bar"}}
test textIndex-9.1 {TkTextIndexCmp} {
list [.t compare 3.1 < 3.2] [.t compare 3.1 == 3.2]
} {1 0}
test textIndex-9.2 {TkTextIndexCmp} {
list [.t compare 3.2 < 3.2] [.t compare 3.2 == 3.2]
} {0 1}
test textIndex-9.3 {TkTextIndexCmp} {
list [.t compare 3.3 < 3.2] [.t compare 3.3 == 3.2]
} {0 0}
test textIndex-9.4 {TkTextIndexCmp} {
list [.t compare 2.1 < 3.2] [.t compare 2.1 == 3.2]
} {1 0}
test textIndex-9.5 {TkTextIndexCmp} {
list [.t compare 4.1 < 3.2] [.t compare 4.1 == 3.2]
} {0 0}
test textIndex-10.1 {ForwBack} {
list [catch {.t index {2.3 + x}} msg] $msg
} {1 {bad text index "2.3 + x"}}
test textIndex-10.2 {ForwBack} {
list [catch {.t index {2.3 + 2 chars}} msg] $msg
} {0 2.5}
test textIndex-10.3 {ForwBack} {
list [catch {.t index {2.3 + 2c}} msg] $msg
} {0 2.5}
test textIndex-10.4 {ForwBack} {
list [catch {.t index {2.3 - 3ch}} msg] $msg
} {0 2.0}
test textIndex-10.5 {ForwBack} {
list [catch {.t index {1.3 + 3 lines}} msg] $msg
} {0 4.3}
test textIndex-10.6 {ForwBack} {
list [catch {.t index {2.3 -1l}} msg] $msg
} {0 1.3}
test textIndex-10.7 {ForwBack} {
list [catch {.t index {2.3 -1 gorp}} msg] $msg
} {1 {bad text index "2.3 -1 gorp"}}
test textIndex-10.8 {ForwBack} {
list [catch {.t index {2.3 - 4 lines}} msg] $msg
} {0 1.3}
test textIndex-10.9 {ForwBack} {
.t mark set insert 2.0
list [catch {.t index {insert -0 chars}} msg] $msg
} {0 2.0}
test textIndex-10.10 {ForwBack} {
.t mark set insert 2.end
list [catch {.t index {insert +0 chars}} msg] $msg
} {0 2.13}
test textIndex-11.1 {TkTextIndexForwBytes} {testtext} {
testtext .t forwbytes 2.3 -7
} {1.3 3}
test textIndex-11.2 {TkTextIndexForwBytes} {testtext} {
testtext .t forwbytes 2.3 5
} {2.8 8}
test textIndex-11.3 {TkTextIndexForwBytes} {testtext} {
testtext .t forwbytes 2.3 10
} {2.13 13}
test textIndex-11.4 {TkTextIndexForwBytes} {testtext} {
testtext .t forwbytes 2.3 11
} {3.0 0}
test textIndex-11.5 {TkTextIndexForwBytes} {testtext} {
testtext .t forwbytes 2.3 57
} {7.6 6}
test textIndex-11.6 {TkTextIndexForwBytes} {testtext} {
testtext .t forwbytes 2.3 58
} {8.0 0}
test textIndex-11.7 {TkTextIndexForwBytes} {testtext} {
testtext .t forwbytes 2.3 59
} {8.0 0}
test textIndex-12.1 {TkTextIndexForwChars} {
# (charCount < 0)
.t index {2.3 + -7 chars}
} 1.3
test textIndex-12.2 {TkTextIndexForwChars} {
# not (charCount < 0)
.t index {2.3 + 5 chars}
} 2.8
test textIndex-12.3 {TkTextIndexForwChars: find index} {
# for ( ; segPtr != NULL; segPtr = segPtr->nextPtr)
# one loop
.t index {2.3 + 9 chars}
} 2.12
test textIndex-12.4 {TkTextIndexForwChars: find index} {
# for ( ; segPtr != NULL; segPtr = segPtr->nextPtr)
# multiple loops
.t mark set foo 2.5
set x [.t index {2.3 + 9 chars}]
.t mark unset foo
set x
} 2.12
test textIndex-12.5 {TkTextIndexForwChars: find index} {
# for ( ; segPtr != NULL; segPtr = segPtr->nextPtr)
# border condition: last char
.t index {2.3 + 10 chars}
} 2.13
test textIndex-12.6 {TkTextIndexForwChars: find index} {
# for ( ; segPtr != NULL; segPtr = segPtr->nextPtr)
# border condition: segPtr == NULL -> beginning of next line
.t index {2.3 + 11 chars}
} 3.0
test textIndex-12.7 {TkTextIndexForwChars: find index} {
# (segPtr->typePtr == &tkTextCharType)
.t index {2.3 + 2 chars}
} 2.5
test textIndex-12.8 {TkTextIndexForwChars: find index} {
# (charCount == 0)
# No more chars, so we found byte offset.
.t index {2.3 + 2 chars}
} 2.5
test textIndex-12.9 {TkTextIndexForwChars: find index} {
# not (segPtr->typePtr == &tkTextCharType)
.t image create 2.4 -image textimage
set x [.t get {2.3 + 3 chars}]
.t delete 2.4
set x
} "f"
test textIndex-12.10 {TkTextIndexForwChars: find index} {
# dstPtr->byteIndex += segPtr->size - byteOffset
# When moving to next segment, account for bytes in last segment.
# Wrong answer would be 2.4
.t mark set foo 2.4
set x [.t index {2.3 + 5 chars}]
.t mark unset foo
set x
} 2.8
test textIndex-12.11 {TkTextIndexForwChars: go to next line} {
# (linePtr == NULL)
.t index {7.6 + 3 chars}
} 8.0
test textIndex-12.12 {TkTextIndexForwChars: go to next line} {
# Reset byteIndex to 0 now that we are on a new line.
# Wrong answer would be 2.9
.t index {1.3 + 6 chars}
} 2.2
test textIndex-12.13 {TkTextIndexForwChars} {
# right to end
.t index {2.3 + 56 chars}
} 8.0
test textIndex-12.14 {TkTextIndexForwChars} {
# try to go past end
.t index {2.3 + 57 chars}
} 8.0
test textIndex-13.1 {TkTextIndexBackBytes} {testtext} {
testtext .t backbytes 3.2 -10
} {4.6 6}
test textIndex-13.2 {TkTextIndexBackBytes} {testtext} {
testtext .t backbytes 3.2 2
} {3.0 0}
test textIndex-13.3 {TkTextIndexBackBytes} {testtext} {
testtext .t backbytes 3.2 3
} {2.13 13}
test textIndex-13.4 {TkTextIndexBackBytes} {testtext} {
testtext .t backbytes 3.2 22
} {1.1 1}
test textIndex-13.5 {TkTextIndexBackBytes} {testtext} {
testtext .t backbytes 3.2 23
} {1.0 0}
test textIndex-13.6 {TkTextIndexBackBytes} {testtext} {
testtext .t backbytes 3.2 24
} {1.0 0}
test textIndex-14.1 {TkTextIndexBackChars} {
# (charCount < 0)
.t index {3.2 - -10 chars}
} 4.6
test textIndex-14.2 {TkTextIndexBackChars} {
# not (charCount < 0)
.t index {3.2 - 2 chars}
} 3.0
test textIndex-14.3 {TkTextIndexBackChars: find starting segment} {
# for (segPtr = dstPtr->linePtr->segPtr; ; segPtr = segPtr->nextPtr)
# single loop
.t index {3.2 - 3 chars}
} 2.13
test textIndex-14.4 {TkTextIndexBackChars: find starting segment} {
# for (segPtr = dstPtr->linePtr->segPtr; ; segPtr = segPtr->nextPtr)
# multiple loop
.t mark set foo1 2.5
.t mark set foo2 2.7
.t mark set foo3 2.10
set x [.t index {2.9 - 1 chars}]
.t mark unset foo1 foo2 foo3
set x
} 2.8
test textIndex-14.5 {TkTextIndexBackChars: find starting seg and offset} {
# for (segPtr = dstPtr->linePtr->segPtr; ; segPtr = segPtr->nextPtr)
# Make sure segSize was decremented. Wrong answer would be 2.10
.t mark set foo 2.2
set x [.t index {2.9 - 1 char}]
.t mark unset foo
set x
} 2.8
test textIndex-14.6 {TkTextIndexBackChars: back over characters} {
# (segPtr->typePtr == &tkTextCharType)
.t index {3.2 - 22 chars}
} 1.1
test textIndex-14.7 {TkTextIndexBackChars: loop backwards over chars} {
# (charCount == 0)
# No more chars, so we found byte offset.
.t index {3.4 - 2 chars}
} 3.2
test textIndex-14.8 {TkTextIndexBackChars: loop backwards over chars} {
# (p == start)
# Still more chars, but we reached beginning of segment
.t image create 5.6 -image textimage
set x [.t index {5.8 - 3 chars}]
.t delete 5.6
set x
} 5.5
test textIndex-14.9 {TkTextIndexBackChars: back over image} {
# not (segPtr->typePtr == &tkTextCharType)
.t image create 5.6 -image textimage
set x [.t get {5.8 - 4 chars}]
.t delete 5.6
set x
} "G"
test textIndex-14.10 {TkTextIndexBackChars: move to previous segment} {
# (segPtr != oldPtr)
# More segments to go
.t mark set foo 3.4
set x [.t index {3.5 - 2 chars}]
.t mark unset foo
set x
} 3.3
test textIndex-14.11 {TkTextIndexBackChars: move to previous segment} {
# not (segPtr != oldPtr)
# At beginning of line.
.t mark set foo 3.4
set x [.t index {3.5 - 10 chars}]
.t mark unset foo
set x
} 2.9
test textIndex-14.12 {TkTextIndexBackChars: move to previous line} {
# (lineIndex == 0)
.t index {1.5 - 10 chars}
} 1.0
test textIndex-14.13 {TkTextIndexBackChars: move to previous line} {
# not (lineIndex == 0)
.t index {2.5 - 10 chars}
} 1.2
test textIndex-14.14 {TkTextIndexBackChars: move to previous line} {
# for (segPtr = oldPtr; segPtr != NULL; segPtr = segPtr->nextPtr)
# Set byteIndex to end of previous line so we can subtract more
# bytes from it. Otherwise we get an TkTextIndex with a negative
# byteIndex.
.t index {2.5 - 6 chars}
} 1.6
test textIndex-14.15 {TkTextIndexBackChars: UTF} {
.t get {5.3 - 1 chars}
} y
test textIndex-14.16 {TkTextIndexBackChars: UTF} {
.t get {5.3 - 2 chars}
} \u4e4f
test textIndex-14.17 {TkTextIndexBackChars: UTF} {
.t get {5.3 - 3 chars}
} b
proc getword index {
.t get [.t index "$index wordstart"] [.t index "$index wordend"]
}
test textIndex-15.1 {StartEnd} {
list [catch {.t index {2.3 lineend}} msg] $msg
} {0 2.13}
test textIndex-15.2 {StartEnd} {
list [catch {.t index {2.3 linee}} msg] $msg
} {0 2.13}
test textIndex-15.3 {StartEnd} {
list [catch {.t index {2.3 line}} msg] $msg
} {1 {bad text index "2.3 line"}}
test textIndex-15.4 {StartEnd} {
list [catch {.t index {2.3 linestart}} msg] $msg
} {0 2.0}
test textIndex-15.5 {StartEnd} {
list [catch {.t index {2.3 lines}} msg] $msg
} {0 2.0}
test textIndex-15.6 {StartEnd} {
getword 5.3
} { }
test textIndex-15.7 {StartEnd} {
getword 5.4
} GIrl
test textIndex-15.8 {StartEnd} {
getword 5.7
} GIrl
test textIndex-15.9 {StartEnd} {
getword 5.8
} { }
test textIndex-15.10 {StartEnd} {
getword 5.14
} x_yz
test textIndex-15.11 {StartEnd} {
getword 6.2
} #
test textIndex-15.12 {StartEnd} {
getword 3.4
} 12345
.t tag add x 2.8 2.11
test textIndex-15.13 {StartEnd} {
list [catch {.t index {2.2 worde}} msg] $msg
} {0 2.13}
test textIndex-15.14 {StartEnd} {
list [catch {.t index {2.12 words}} msg] $msg
} {0 2.0}
test textIndex-15.15 {StartEnd} {
list [catch {.t index {2.12 word}} msg] $msg
} {1 {bad text index "2.12 word"}}
test textIndex-16.1 {TkTextPrintIndex} {
set t [text .t2]
$t insert end \n
$t window create end -window [button $t.b]
set result [$t index end-2c]
pack $t
catch {destroy $t}
} 0
test textIndex-16.2 {TkTextPrintIndex} {
set t [text .t2]
$t insert end \n
$t window create end -window [button $t.b]
set result [$t tag add {} end-2c]
pack $t
catch {destroy $t}
} 0
test textIndex-17.1 {Object indices} {
set res {}
set t [text .t2 -height 20]
for {set i 0} {$i < 100} {incr i} {
$t insert end $i\n
}
pack $t
update
set idx @0,0
lappend res $idx [$t index $idx]
$t yview scroll 2 pages
lappend res $idx [$t index $idx]
catch {destroy $t}
unset i
unset idx
list $res
} {{@0,0 1.0 @0,0 37.0}}
test textIndex-18.1 {Object indices don't cache mark names} {
set res {}
text .t2
.t2 insert 1.0 1234\n1234\n1234
set pos "insert"
lappend res [.t2 index $pos]
.t2 mark set $pos 3.0
lappend res [.t2 index $pos]
.t2 mark set $pos 1.0
lappend res [.t2 index $pos]
catch {destroy .t2}
set res
} {3.4 3.0 1.0}
frame .f -width 100 -height 20
pack append . .f left
set fixedFont {Courier -12}
set fixedHeight [font metrics $fixedFont -linespace]
set fixedWidth [font measure $fixedFont m]
set varFont {Times -14}
set bigFont {Helvetica -24}
destroy .t
text .t -font $fixedFont -width 20 -height 10 -wrap char
pack append . .t {top expand fill}
.t tag configure big -font $bigFont
.t debug on
wm geometry . {}
# The statements below reset the main window; it's needed if the window
# manager is mwm to make mwm forget about a previous minimum size setting.
wm withdraw .
wm minsize . 1 1
wm positionfrom . user
wm deiconify .
update
# Some window managers (like olwm under SunOS 4.1.3) misbehave in a way
# that tends to march windows off the top and left of the screen. If
# this happens, some tests will fail because parts of the window will
# not need to be displayed (because they're off-screen). To keep this
# from happening, move the window if it's getting near the left or top
# edges of the screen.
if {([winfo rooty .] < 50) || ([winfo rootx .] < 50)} {
wm geom . +50+50
}
set str [string repeat "hello " 20]
.t insert end "$str one two three four five six seven height nine ten\n"
.t insert end "$str one two three four five six seven height nine ten\n"
.t insert end "$str one two three four five six seven height nine ten\n"
test textIndex-19.1 {Display lines} {
.t index "2.7 displaylinestart"
} {2.0}
test textIndex-19.2 {Display lines} {
.t index "2.7 displaylineend"
} {2.19}
test textIndex-19.3 {Display lines} {
.t index "2.30 displaylinestart"
} {2.20}
test textIndex-19.4 {Display lines} {
.t index "2.30 displaylineend"
} {2.39}
test textIndex-19.5 {Display lines} {
.t index "2.40 displaylinestart"
} {2.40}
test textIndex-19.6 {Display lines} {
.t index "2.40 displaylineend"
} {2.59}
test textIndex-19.7 {Display lines} {
.t index "2.7 +1displaylines"
} {2.27}
test textIndex-19.8 {Display lines} {
.t index "2.7 -1displaylines"
} {1.167}
test textIndex-19.9 {Display lines} {
.t index "2.30 +1displaylines"
} {2.50}
test textIndex-19.10 {Display lines} {
.t index "2.30 -1displaylines"
} {2.10}
test textIndex-19.11 {Display lines} {
.t index "2.40 +1displaylines"
} {2.60}
test textIndex-19.12 {Display lines} {
.t index "2.40 -1displaylines"
} {2.20}
test textIndex-19.13 {Display lines} {
destroy {*}[pack slaves .]
text .txt -height 1 -wrap word -yscroll ".sbar set" -width 400
scrollbar .sbar -command ".txt yview"
grid .txt .sbar -sticky news
grid configure .sbar -sticky ns
grid rowconfigure . 0 -weight 1
grid columnconfigure . 0 -weight 1
.txt configure -width 10
.txt tag config STAMP -elide 1
.txt tag config NICK-tick -elide 0
.txt insert end "+++++ Loading History ++++++++++++++++\n"
.txt mark set HISTORY {2.0 - 1 line}
.txt insert HISTORY { } STAMP
.txt insert HISTORY {tick } {NICK NICK-tick}
.txt insert HISTORY "\n" {NICK NICK-tick}
.txt insert HISTORY {[23:51] } STAMP
.txt insert HISTORY "\n" {NICK NICK-tick}
# Must not crash
.txt index "2.0 - 2 display lines"
destroy .txt .sbar
} {}
proc text_test_word {startend chars start} {
destroy .t
text .t
.t insert end $chars
if {[regexp {end} $start]} {
set start [.t index "${start}chars -2c"]
} else {
set start [.t index "1.0 + ${start}chars"]
}
if {[.t compare $start >= "end-1c"]} {
set start "end-2c"
}
set res [.t index "$start $startend"]
.t count 1.0 $res
}
# Following tests copied from tests from string wordstart/end in Tcl
test textIndex-21.4 {text index wordend} {
text_test_word wordend abc. -1
} 3
test textIndex-21.5 {text index wordend} {
text_test_word wordend abc. 100
} 4
test textIndex-21.6 {text index wordend} {
text_test_word wordend "word_one two three" 2
} 8
test textIndex-21.7 {text index wordend} {
text_test_word wordend "one .&# three" 5
} 6
test textIndex-21.8 {text index wordend} {
text_test_word worde "x.y" 0
} 1
test textIndex-21.9 {text index wordend} {
text_test_word worde "x.y" end-1
} 2
test textIndex-21.10 {text index wordend, unicode} {
text_test_word wordend "xyz\u00c7de fg" 0
} 6
test textIndex-21.11 {text index wordend, unicode} {
text_test_word wordend "xyz\uc700de fg" 0
} 6
test textIndex-21.12 {text index wordend, unicode} {
text_test_word wordend "xyz\u203fde fg" 0
} 6
test textIndex-21.13 {text index wordend, unicode} {
text_test_word wordend "xyz\u2045de fg" 0
} 3
test textIndex-21.14 {text index wordend, unicode} {
text_test_word wordend "\uc700\uc700 abc" 8
} 6
test textIndex-22.5 {text index wordstart} {
text_test_word wordstart "one two three_words" 400
} 8
test textIndex-22.6 {text index wordstart} {
text_test_word wordstart "one two three_words" 2
} 0
test textIndex-22.7 {text index wordstart} {
text_test_word wordstart "one two three_words" -2
} 0
test textIndex-22.8 {text index wordstart} {
text_test_word wordstart "one .*&^ three" 6
} 6
test textIndex-22.9 {text index wordstart} {
text_test_word wordstart "one two three" 4
} 4
test textIndex-22.10 {text index wordstart} {
text_test_word wordstart "one two three" end-5
} 7
test textIndex-22.11 {text index wordstart, unicode} {
text_test_word wordstart "one tw\u00c7o three" 7
} 4
test textIndex-22.12 {text index wordstart, unicode} {
text_test_word wordstart "ab\uc700\uc700 cdef ghi" 12
} 10
test textIndex-22.13 {text index wordstart, unicode} {
text_test_word wordstart "\uc700\uc700 abc" 8
} 3
test textIndex-22.14 {text index wordstart, unicode, start index at internal segment start} {
catch {destroy .t}
text .t
.t insert end "C'est du texte en fran\u00e7ais\n"
.t insert end "\u042D\u0442\u043E\u0020\u0442\u0435\u043A\u0441\u0442\u0020\u043D\u0430\u0020\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043A\u043E\u043C"
.t mark set insert 1.23
set res [.t index "1.23 wordstart"]
.t mark set insert 2.16
lappend res [.t index "2.16 wordstart"] [.t index "2.15 wordstart"]
} {1.18 2.13 2.13}
test textIndex-22.15 {text index display wordstart} {
catch {destroy .t}
text .t
.t index "1.0 display wordstart" ; # used to crash
} 1.0
test textIndex-23.1 {text paragraph start} {
pack [text .t2]
.t2 insert end " Text"
set res 2.0
for {set i 0} {$i < 2} {incr i} {
lappend res [::tk::TextPrevPara .t2 [lindex $res end]]
}
destroy .t2
set res
} {2.0 1.1 1.1}
test textIndex-24.1 {text mark prev} {
pack [text .t2]
.t2 insert end [string repeat "1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0\n" 12]
.t2 mark set 1.0 10.0
update
# then this crash Tk:
set res [.t2 mark previous 10.10]
destroy .t2
set res
} {1.0}
test textIndex-25.1 {IndexCountBytesOrdered, bug [3f1f79abcf]} {
pack [text .t2]
.t2 tag configure elided -elide 1
.t2 insert end "01\n02\n03\n04\n05\n06\n07\n08\n09\n10\n"
.t2 insert end "11\n12\n13\n14\n15\n16\n17\n18\n19\n20\n"
.t2 insert end "21\n22\n23\n25\n26\n27\n28\n29\n30\n31"
.t2 insert end "32\n33\n34\n36\n37\n38\n39" elided
# then this used to crash Tk:
.t2 see end
focus -force .t2 ; # to see the cursor blink
destroy .t2
} {}
# cleanup
rename textimage {}
catch {destroy .t}
cleanupTests
return
|
It's weakening as it moves northward and away from the U.S. Gulf Coast.
The National Hurricane Center in Miami says Nate's maximum sustained winds have decreased to near 45 mph (75 kph) with higher gusts. The storm is expected to continue to rapidly weaken as it moves farther inland across the Deep South, Tennessee Valley and central Appalachian mountains. Through Monday, those areas can expect at least 3 to 6 inches of rain.
The hurricane center discontinued its storm surge warning for the area west of the Mississippi-Alabama border. A tropical storm warning was discontinued for the area west of the Alabama-Florida border.
More than 100,000 residents in Mississippi and Alabama are without power.
Alabama Power Co. said about 59,000 customers lost their electricity in the state. About 53,000 of those were in the Mobile area.
Mississippi Emergency Management Agency spokesman Greg Flynn said Mississippi Power and the state's electric power associations reported a total of about 48,000 customers without power early Sunday.
|
Judge Vicki Miles-LaGrange of the Western District of Oklahoma today issued a temporary restraining order preventing the State of Oklahoma from implementing its new constitutional amendment that would ban the use of Sharia law in Oklahoma courts. The court released a Minute Sheet without significant analysis; Judge Miles-LaGrange indicated that she'd release an Order soon.
We posted on the case, brought by Muneer Awad, ED for the advocacy group the Council on American-Islamic Relations, here.
The constitutional amendment, passed by a 70%-30% vote in last Tuesday's election, would prohibit Oklahoma courts from "look[ing] to the legal precepts of other nations or cultures. Specifically, the courts shall not consider international law or Sharia Law."
The Minute Sheet also concludes that Awad has standing. He claims that the amendment would stigmatize him as a Muslim and prevent him from enforcing his will, which references Sharia law, in Oklahoma state courts.
|
Wireless bridging provides a simple method for connecting building sites without cabling or can be used as a backup to existing wired links. If you have hundreds of nodes or bandwidth-hungry applications and data transmitting between sites, bridging your networks will require more than 11 Mbps provided by the 802.11b standard. However, by using the following Cisco-tested design, you can easily and effectively aggregate and load balance the bandwidth of three 802.11b-compliant Cisco Aironet® bridges to support up to a 33-Mbps half-duplex connection between bridge locations.
The use of standard technology and protocols including virtual LANs (VLANs), VLAN trunks, equal-cost load balancing, and routing protocols makes this design easy to configure and troubleshoot. More importantly, it makes support from the Cisco Technical Assistance Center (TAC) possible.
Load balancing is a concept that allows a router to take advantage of multiple best paths (routes) to a given destination. When a router learns multiple routes to a specific network -- via static routes or through routing protocols -- it installs the route with the lowest administrative distance in the routing table. If the router receives and installs multiple paths with the same administrative distance and cost to a destination, load balancing will occur. In this design, the router will see each wireless bridge link as a separate, equal-cost link to the destination.
Note: The use of equal-cost load balancing and the routing protocols mentioned in this article are a Cisco-supported means of aggregating Cisco Aironet bridges for additional throughput between sites or as a redundant failover wireless bridge link.
If your design requires failover capabilities, the use of a routing protocol is required. A routing protocol is a mechanism to communicate paths between routers and can automate the removal of routes from the routing table, which is required for failover capabilities. Paths can be derived either statically or dynamically through the use of routing protocols such as Routing Information Protocol (RIP), Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP), Enhanced IGRP, and Open Shortest Path First (OSPF). The use of dynamic routes for load balancing over equal-cost wireless bridge routes is highly recommended because it is the only means available for automatic failover. In a static configuration, if one bridge fails, the Ethernet port of the other bridge will still be active and packets will be lost until the problem is resolved. Therefore, the use of floating static routes will not work for failover purposes.
With routing protocols there is a tradeoff between fast convergence and increased traffic needs. Large amounts of data traffic between sites can delay or prevent communication between routing protocol neighbors. This condition can cause one or more of the equal-cost routes to be removed temporarily from the routing table, resulting in inefficient use of the three bridge links.
The design presented here was tested and documented using Enhanced IGRP as the routing protocol. However, RIP, OSPF, and IGRP could also be used. The network environment, traffic load and routing protocol tuning requirements will be unique to your situation. Select and configure your routing protocol accordingly.
The active forwarding algorithm determines the path that a packet follows while inside a router. These are also referred to as switching algorithms or switching paths. High-end platforms have typically more powerful forwarding algorithms available than low-end platforms, but often they are not active by default. Some forwarding algorithms are implemented in hardware, some are implemented in software, and some are implemented in both, but the objective is always the same -- to send packets out as fast as possible.
Process switching is the most basic way of handling a packet. The packet is placed in the queue corresponding to the Layer 3 protocol while the scheduler schedules the corresponding process. The waiting time depends on the number of processes waiting to run and the number of packets waiting to be processed. The routing decision is then made based on the routing table and the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) cache. After the routing decision has been made, the packet is forwarded to the corresponding outgoing interface.
Fast switching is an improvement over process switching. In fast switching, the arrival of a packet triggers an interrupt, which causes the CPU to postpone other tasks and handle the packet. The CPU immediately does a lookup in the fast cache table for the destination Layer 3 address. If it finds a hit, it rewrites the header and forwards the packet to the corresponding interface (or its queue). If not, the packet is queued in the corresponding Layer 3 queue for process switching.
The fast cache is a binary tree containing destination Layer 3 addresses with the corresponding Layer 2 address and outgoing interface. Because this is a destination-based cache, load sharing is done per destination only. If the routing table has two equal cost paths for a destination network, there is one entry in the fast cache for each host.
Both fast switching and Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF) switching were tested with the Cisco Aironet bridge design. It was determined that Enhanced IGRP dropped neighbor adjacencies under heavy loads less often using CEF as the switching path. The main drawbacks of fast switching include:
The first packet for a particular destination is always process switched to initialize the fast cache.
The fast cache can become very big. For example, if there are multiple equal-cost paths to the same destination network, the fast cache is populated by host entries instead of the network.
There's no direct relation between the fast cache and the ARP table. If an entry becomes invalid in the ARP cache, there is no way to invalidate it in the fast cache. To avoid this problem, 1/20th of the cache is randomly invalidated every minute. This invalidation/repopulation of the cache can become CPU intensive with very large networks.
CEF addresses these issues by using two tables: the forwarding information base table and the adjacency table. The adjacency table is indexed by the Layer 3 addresses and contains the corresponding Layer 2 data needed to forward a packet. It is populated when the router discovers adjacent nodes. The forwarding table is an mtree indexed by Layer 3 addresses. It is built based on the routing table and points to the adjacency table.
While another advantage of CEF is the ability to allow load balancing per destination or per packet, the use of per-packet load balancing is not recommended and was not tested in this design. Bridge pairs may have different amounts of latency, which could cause problems with per-packet load balancing.
Quality of Service (QoS) features can be used to increase the reliability of routing protocols. In situations with heavy traffic loads, congestion management or avoidance techniques can prioritize routing protocol traffic to ensure timely communication.
Setting the Fast Ethernet bridge ports and associated Layer 2 switch ports to 10-Mbps full duplex will increase reliability by causing congestion to be queued at the switch instead of the bridge, which has limited buffers.
For designs that require the emulation of full duplex links, it's possible to configure the administrative distance of the equal-cost links between sites to create two unidirectional links. With this design, the third bridge set could be used as a failover link or not be installed at all. Note that this specific design was not tested.
Traffic will flow from site 1 to site 2 across bridge pair 1 and from site 2 to site 1 across bridge pair 2. In the event that either bridge pair fails, bridge pair 3 will work as the failover link. See your specific routing protocol documentation for more information on how to configure the administrative distance.
EtherChannel® is another technology that can be used to aggregate bridges into a virtual single link. Using EtherChannel for this purpose is not recommended, however, as it is not a supported design by Cisco and the Cisco TAC. Furthermore, you will be unable to manage some bridges via TCP/IP due to the way EtherChannel works. The port aggregation protocol (PagP) is not a tunable protocol and failover support is limited.
As a general rule, as clients move farther away from the Access Point, signal strength increases and therefore the data rates decreases. If the client is closer to the AP, then the data rate is higher.
QoS is a technique that is used in order to prioritize certain packets over other packets. For example, a voice application heavily depends on QoS for uninterrupted communication. As of late WMM and 802.11e have emerged specifically for wireless application. Refer to Cisco Wireless LAN Controller Command Reference, Release 6.0 for more information.
In an environemnt where homogeneous clients are found to exist, data rates are higher than in a mixed environment. For example, the presence of 802.11b clients in a 802.11g environment, 802.11g has to implement a protection mechanism in order to co-exist with the 802.11b client, and therefore results in decreased data rates.
The following information is specifically related to the actual testing of the aggregation of three Cisco Aironet 350 Series bridges. The equipment used included six Cisco Aironet 350 bridges, two Cisco Catalyst® 3512 XL switches, and two Cisco 2621 routers. This design may also be used with two bridge pairs instead of three. The test design used Enhanced IGRP as the routing protocol with equal-cost load balancing, and CEF as the forwarding mechanism.
Most likely you will be using some hardware other than the specific models tested. Here are some guidelines when choosing the equipment to be used to aggregate bridges.
The routers used for testing had two Fast Ethernet (100-Mbps) ports and supported 802.1q trunking and CEF-based switching. It's possible to use a single 100-Mbps port to trunk all traffic to and from a switch. However, the use of a single Fast Ethernet port was not tested and could interject unknown issues or negatively impact performance. A router with four Fast Ethernet ports would not require the use of a VLAN trunking protocol. Other router considerations include:
If the routers don't support 802.1q trunking, check if they support ISL trunking, a Cisco proprietary trunking mechanism that can be used in place of 802.1q. Before you configure the routers, verify that your switch supports ISL trunking.
For Cisco 2600 and 3600 Series routers, IP Plus code is required for 802.1q trunk support (this would be a cost upgrade from IP code).
Depending on the hardware and its intended use, the base flash and DRAM may need to be increased. Take into consideration additional memory-intensive processes such as CEF tables, routing protocol requirements, or other processes running on the router that are not specifically related to the bridge aggregation configuration.
CPU utilization may be a consideration depending on the configuration and features used on the router.
The switches in the tested design require support for VLANs and 802.1q trunking. Using inline power-enabled switches such as the Cisco Catalyst 3524PWR when using Cisco Aironet 350 Series bridges is recommended, as this will make the setup less cumbersome. To collapse the switch and routing functionality into a single box, the Catalyst 3550 was tested and works quite well.
Using Cisco Aironet 340 Series bridges will work as well, but the configuration would be slightly different since the Cisco Aironet 340 uses 10-Mbps half duplex Ethernet ports and a different operating system.
Use VPN with the Cisco Aironet Base Station—A typical use of the Cisco Aironet® Base Station Ethernet (BSE) and Base Station Modem (BSM) is for accessing the Internet over cable or DSL connection using virtual private network (VPN) technology. This document shows how to set up the base station unit for use with VPN.
Support Cisco CatOS SNMP traps—Trap operations allow Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) agents to send asynchronous notifications that an event has occurred. Learn which traps are supported by the Catalyst® OS (CatOS) and how to configure them.
Get the lowdown on CISCO-BULK-FILE-MIB—Learn how to use the CISCO-BULK-FILE-MIB and transfer files created by this Management Information Base (MIB) using the CISCO-FTP-CLIENT-MIB. Starting with Cisco IOS® Software Release 12.0, Cisco has implemented a way to store a Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) object or table as a file on the device. This file can then be retrieved using the CISCO-FTP-CLIENT-MIB, allowing you to transfer large amounts of data using a reliable transport method.
Caching in on savings—Calculate cache savings using the tools and commands available on Cisco cache engines, content engines, and routers.
Set up shunning on a UNIX director—Cisco Intrusion Detection System (IDS) Director and Sensor can be used to manage a Cisco router for shunning. In this how-to, a Sensor is configured to detect attacks on the router "House" and communicate the information to the Director.
|
Bahrain: Lines in Ink, Lines in the Sand (Persian)
This is the Persian translation of the comic Bahrain: Lines in Ink, Lines in the Sand by Josh Neufeld. The comic follows Mohammed and Sara, two young Bahraini editorial cartoonists who found themselves on opposite sides of Bahrain's short-lived Pearl Revolution. The comics is translated and published by Parsine.com, with the aim of reaching a broader, Persian-speaking audience. You can read the English version here.
|
GREENSBORO, N.C. (April 27, 2015) — Phillips Foundation today announced its commitment of $500,000 to the Greensboro Children’s Museum to establish an endowment for enhanced programming and maintenance.
“The Greensboro Children’s Museum is extremely grateful to Phillips Foundation for this game-changing grant. It is a tremendous investment in our mission and our 16 years of service to this community,” said Marian King, CEO of the Greensboro Children’s Museum. “The creation of this fund secures the future of the Museum in downtown Greensboro, as we begin a formal effort to examine where to take the Museum for the next generation of early learners and future leaders.”
With this investment, Phillips Foundation has committed over $10 million in the past two years to education and learning enrichment initiatives for children in Guilford County.
“We are delighted to support the GCM as a vital cultural and educational asset in Greensboro’s downtown,” said Elizabeth Phillips, executive director of Phillips Foundation. “This endowment ensures that our community’s children, families, and educators can benefit from its programs and facility for generations to come.”
###
About Phillips Foundation
In 2005, local business leader Kermit Phillips created the Kermit G. Phillips II Charitable Trust to provide funding to non-profit causes as elected by the Phillips family. The trust’s endowment recently gained the majority of its funding and now operates as the Phillips Foundation. The current board is regionally focused on the Greensboro community with five target areas: housing and homelessness; economic development; arts and culture; child and family services; and education and learning enrichment. For more information, visit PhillipsFoundationNC.org.
Phillips Foundation does not currently accept unsolicited grant applications.
About Greensboro Children’s Museum
The Greensboro Children’s Museum (GCM) is a hands-on, interactive museum for children, their families and teachers. The Museum is designed to inspire learning through play in a fun, energetic and safe environment for children up to 10 years of age. The 37,000 square foot facility in downtown Greensboro includes over 20 permanent hands-on exhibits in “Our Town” and an outdoor Edible Schoolyard that are designed to stimulate children’s imaginations and provide educational play experiences.
Phillips Foundation is a private family foundation and catalytic capital platform that leverages its assets to maximize social, environmental and financial value.
|
No going back on decision to boycott TN polls: Vaiko
March 21, 2011 22:13 IST
Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam leader Vaiko on Monday said there was no going back on the party's decision to boycott the April 13 Tamil Nadu Assembly polls.
Upset over All India Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam's "adamant attitude and ill-treatment", MDMK had on Sunday decided to quit the electoral battle after the last minute efforts by the former to retain its five-year-old ally in the alliance did not succeed.
The AIADMK had offered 13 seats to MDMK while Vaiko said that his party would accept nothing less than 21 seats. Talking to his party workers in Tirunelveli on Monday, Vaiko said a situation had emerged by which the party had been forced to keep away from the elections and watch the politics. However, he said, the party would "emerge as a third and alternative force in Tamil Nadu in the coming years".
Meanwhile, Pon Radhakrishnan, the Bharatiya Janata Party state president, talking to mediapersons at Nagercoil, asked Vaiko to reconsider his decision.
"If Vaiko wished, he could join hands with the BJP to fight the polls. We are ready to welcome him with love and affection. But he has to decide whether to join hands with us," Radhakrishnan said.
|
More Notes of Support
Dear President Lyons,
I am currently a student at USD from the class of 2014. Since day one, I
have always been so proud to be a part of the USD community but never
have I been more proud to be a torero when I saw that USD was allowing
PRIDE to host a drag show.
I am gay and still half way in the closet. I have recently struggled
with being gay and thoughts of taking my own life never seem to
completely leave my mind. But this event gives me so much strength and
hope that I plan on completely coming out within the next 2 weeks.
Although I would not personally participate in a drag show, this event
has proven to me what an inclusive campus USD is and gives me hope for a
better future on campus and in the world. I have learned that everyone
is different, whether it be a person's race, social class, sexual
orientation etc. And being different isn't wrong. We are all human. We
are all children of God.
I just wanted to express my gratitude for allowing this event on campus.
I know not everyone may agree with the decision you made, but I can
guarantee you that it was the right one. I cannot thank you enough for
what this event has done for me.
Thank you again.
Sincerely,
---
Dear President Lyons,
It has come to my attention that USD will be hosting several
LGBT friendly events this month and that there has been an unfortunate backlash
against this. Having attended USD, I am forever grateful to the University and
to the Catholic community at Founders Chapel for inspiring me, for directing me
in my faith and for giving me the freedom to question, learn and experience new
ideas, cultures and people. I would like to thank you, President Lyons, for the
work you do, not only with these events, in supporting an inclusive community that
upholds the Catholic traditions of universality and love. Jesus loved purely,
truly and without limits and I am pleased and thankful to see USD striving to
create this environment of love and inclusion rather than one of distrust and
exclusion. I hope to hear more news of this tradition continuing not only on
our campus but across the country.
May God be with you,
--
Dear Dr. Lyons:
I am writing
as an alumnus to thank you for your support of making USD a safe and inclusive
environment for all it's students. I am aware of the negative feedback the
University has received from some alumni about on-campus programming that is
LGBT-friendly. While they are entitled to their opinion, I would like you to
know that this Torero is very pleased to see my alma mater take these steps. I
only wish they had happened while I was a student on campus.
Under your
leadership, the University has made significant advancements on numerous
fronts. All of them make me proud to have attended USD, but none make me as
proud as the steps taken to make the campus more welcoming to students of color
and those who are LGBT. I hope you will continue this work and know that many
of us stand with you in full support.
Sincerely,
Alum, Class fof 2000
--
Dear President Lyons,
As an alum of
USD Class of 2010, I appreciate the way in which you worked to make USD an
inclusive and welcoming place for all sorts of people. I am now a first
year law student at UCLA, and my classes here have shown me that the importance
of exposure to diverse people cannot be understated. Thank you for
holding strong in the face of criticism.
Best,
--
Dear President Lyons and the USD Administration,
I have recently been informed of some unfortunate comments from former USD
alumni and other individuals regarding LGBT friendly events at USD. I
wanted to personally reply to you as a USD alumna from the class of 2007 to say
thank you for the work you are doing to ensure USD is an inclusive institution,
committed to respecting people of all races, sexual orientations, religions,
and any other minority grouping. I take enormous pride in having gone to
a school that fostered values of equality and respect in all human kind.
USD has repeatedly stood up in the face of injustice to support individuals who
have been mistreated and has taken a stand against injustice across the world
supporting student-led initiatives and fundraisers. While attending USD,
I found the diversity of the student body crucial to my education, the school's
respect for all cultures, religions, and peoples fundamental to my growth as a
human being, and the inclusive community fostered by these beliefs proof of
USD's commitment to the values of respect and empathy. That USD continues
to support minority groups struggling to ensure their rights are not breached
is a testament to the foundation of the school's values and our strength as a
community. It is unfortunate that certain individuals did not take those
important lessons to heart while attending USD. However, as a former alum, I
will continue to speak highly of USD and to donate to the school as it
continues to face adversity head-on. I appreciate all you have done to
ensure USD is a safe place for everyone who attends. Please keep up the
good work.
Best,
B.A. class of 2007
--
Dear President Lyons and USD Administration:
I am a USD alumna, class of 2007. After hearing about a particular USD
alumnus becoming upset that USD is supportive of LGBT groups hosting events on
campus, I was compelled to write to disagree.
The fact that
USD is a Catholic school that truly lives Christ's message of showing love and
kindness to everyone--no matter their race, religion, socio-economic
status, or sexual orientation--was the reason I chose to go there. I
loved that the university was supportive and welcoming of my LGBT colleagues
and friends. That is was makes USD a nurturing community that fosters the
best education and instills the most meaningful values.
Please
continue to build an inclusive and diverse environment on USD's campus.
That is the foundation that USD graduates need to grow into the best
citizens, workers, and community members.
--
Dear President Lyons and the USD Administration,
I would like
to express my sincere gratitude as a senior and upcoming Alumni of USD for
supporting PRIDE and the events that are taking place. This support is what
makes USD an inclusive place for every member of the USD community.
Thank you
again,
--
Dear
President Lyons,
I am a USD
alum, class of 2006, and was recently made aware of some of the negative
reactions to the University's decision to host a series of educational events
relating to LGBT issues. I am saddened by the aggressive and hateful reactions
that have been voiced by some members of our community, and would like to thank
Associated Students and PRIDE, and commend USD for sponsoring diverse events
and educational opportunities even when they are controversial. I am proud to
see USD become an ever-more inclusive community, and hope that you will
continue to give a voice to any and all students seeking to create a forum for
dialogue on any issues, particularly when those issues are tied to questions of
human dignity and social justice.
Thank you for
putting into action the university's stated mission and vision to create a
diverse and inclusive community.
Regards,
Alumna Class
of 2006
--
President
Lyons,
Thank you for
continuing to stand in support of your students. I am sure that the stones cast
by those in their own insecurities and closed-mindedness are hard to
bare. Please know that myself, and many of my fellow alumni who I have
discussed this with, support the protection and inclusion of all students.
Perhaps with continued education and support, future alumni will continue your
example of displaying the good Christian values of love, inclusiveness, and
non-judgement.
Thank you,
--
Hello President Lyons,
Thank you for
continuing to support and encourage acceptance of all peoples on campus,
regardless of race, ethnicity, faith, gender, or sexual orientation. As an
alumna of the University of San Diego and member of F.U.S.O., A.S., the United
Front, various crews for SEARCH and more, and I am happy to see continued
progress in the range of events offered for students, and more recently, the
workshop and Drag Show sponsored by PRIDE.
I am a
Catholic, a Heterosexual, and a friend and ally of PRIDE. I applaud the
USD community for providing opportunities for Toreros to learn, grow and love
our fellow brothers and sisters in Christ, just as He loved us. And
through my time at USD, through my Catholic foundation, I've learned to
continue to love and pray for all, even those filled with hate and judgement in
their hearts.
On this
Easter Sunday, we are reminded that God sent His only son to die for us to show
His unconditional love for ALL His people. May blessings to you during this
Easter holiday.
I am both
saddened and enthused to write the below on what I believe to be the holiest of
days.
Saddened
that we are struck with such a frustrating reality nearly
two millennia after Jesus' teachings of love, equality, reverence and
respect for all people. And we do find ourselves amid a frustrating reality, no
matter how out of place or senseless it may seem – even in an era, a society
that has done so much to adhere to said wisdom.
At the same
time, I am enthused – enthused to offer my thanks and congratulations to the
University of San Diego for continuing to follow these teachings and treating
each student with the respect and love that they deserve.
It is
confusing and perhaps, upsetting, to believe that any high school senior
entertaining university has any reservation toward an institution holding
inclusiveness to such high regard. If this was the case, we should consider
this issue from all angles. What about those few with disposition toward
Mexican-Americans, blacks, the disabled or the lower-class?
What about
those few with disposition toward the pious, the political, the intelligent,
the athletic? What about those few with disposition toward the rich, the
influential, the privileged? Shall I continue?
Lest we
forget how much work USD does in the community-at-large. I’m interested to know
what these members think of the current situation we find ourselves in. Surely,
they cannot be expected to support a university that is welcoming to any and
all. Surely. That is clearly an unreasonable ask in 2012.
I would not
be the man I am today had it not been for the opportunity presented to me by
this institution. Granted, USD is not without erring. There were times when I cursed
and yelled and stomped my feet in the halls of administration and classroom
buildings alike. But, nine times out of ten, there were people there to help me
find a solution and even, provide me comfort. There were people there to bestow
patience, build me up, and even, make me smile. There were people there to
remind me of the love and openness that I so loved about the "White Castle
on the Hill." The name almost makes me laugh now. No matter how distant
the property may have seemed, the university was never removed from the
progression of the community around it.
It makes no
difference who those people were. Although, I do find it interesting
that as I reflect, I recognize the majority of those people were in fact,
members of a community in question - a community that garners unwarranted
issue, a community that does not deserve seething phone calls and emails, but
the same love, equality, reverence and respect that Jesus preached.
With that, I
hope that the internal USD community continues to follow these teachings, and
in effect, teach us all something in the process.
Warmest
regards,
--
A few friends have forwarded articles to me about backlash you're receiving for
approving recent LGBT events on campus. So I wanted to take a minute to write
in support of them and thank you for continuing USD's tradition of creating an
inclusive environment for everyone. I'm an alum (2006 business school) and have
very fond memories of USD and the friends I made there. It would break my heart
to hear that you stopped allowing events for any type of group simply because
donors disagree.
So thanks
again for your support and please keep it up!
--
Dear President Lyons and the USD Administration,
My name is XX class of 2008. I studied mathematics and physics, and am a member
of Phi Beta Kappa. I was also a member of the Club Ultimate Frisbee team.
I am writing to thank you for giving me a great 4 years as a Torero. Secondly,
I want to thank you for providing a place where I could feel accepted and
appreciated as a student and as a human being. One of the primary reasons I
loved USD (and am proud to have attended) is the truly pure academic
environment. To elaborate, I always felt that the University's foremost values
were the pursuit of knowledge, both worldly and of the self, and to provide a
forum for unique individuals from all backgrounds to come together in an
academic communion - to share of themselves, and to take from others, in an
environment where the means of currency was the sharing of ideas and
experience. I loved that USD was a place where I could be myself and express
myself, without any pressures, even while I was defining who that person was.
I would ask that you continue to give current and future Toreros the same
freedom; the freedom of both of though and action, and provide an environment
where students can explore the academic world and be unafraid to express and
enjoy themselves, and partake of the true University experience, regardless of
their race, gender, or sexual orientation. In short, I hope that USD will
remain a fierce defender of its students who participate in and support the
academic environment I described in the preceding paragraph.
--
Dear President Lyons,
I would like to voice my appreciation for your continued support towards the
LGTB community at USD. It pleases me to know that although some have threatened
to pull donations, you have elected to allow every member to have their voice
heard.
As a member of the class of 2002, I am happy to see that the efforts started by
PRIDE during my years at USD have not stopped.
I am proud to know that at USD, Catholic Social Thought is not just something
on paper that is said to be part of the strategic goals; we can see it in
action.
Sincerely,
Class of 2002
--
President Lyons,
I just wanted to send a note of thanks and appreciation. Personally as an
alum from the class of 2005, I am happy to learn that USD is becoming a more
inclusive university and allowing all students to express themselves. I think
it's great that the University is supporting the GBLT community and allowing
PRIDE and AS to host numerous events including the drag show coming up this
week.
I hope the University continues to support all students and foster an inclusive
community.
Regards,
Class of 2005
--
Dear President Lyons,
As a graduate
of the University of San Diego, I greatly appreciate your efforts to plan and
execute the first ever Drag Show. I am excited to see students come together to
celebrate and educate how amazing and diverse the LGBT community is. It is
inspiring to hear how passionate the students have been to make this event
happen amongst the negative talk and actions taken by our own members of the
USD Community.
As someone who
has not come from any religious background, I believe in an inclusive
environment where all are welcome no matter their race, gender, class, or
sexual orientation. I came from a high school where being openly gay is
considered a sin and an outcast and many times have I
witnessed degradation towards those who are proud for what they are.
That's why I
loved being a student at USD. USD welcomed everyone with open arms and
encouraged self-expression. And I have met the most amazing people from the
LGBT community whom I will never forget because of their bravery and courage to
never be anyone else but themselves.
I'm not a
Catholic, but if I have learned anything from my four years in attending this
university it is that our goal in life should be loving and compassionate human
beings. It is shocking to see alumni and students who oppose the event spread
hurtful messages. How is that being a loving and compassionate
"Christian"?
Therefore, I
stand with you and the rest of the USD community on your decision to continue
promoting and executing this event to foster a safe and inclusive environment
for students to express themselves as God made them to. And
you can count on me to be standing in the crowd to cheer on PRIDE.
Thank you,
Class of 2010
--
Dear President Lyons,
I am a USD Alum and former rower on the Men's Crew team; I graduated in 2007. I
wanted to send you my support and thanks for continuing to make USD an
inclusive place for every member of the USD community, including those of all
sexual orientations.
By the way, I am heterosexual. I feel very strongly about keeping USD an open
and welcoming place for people of all races, religions, and sexual
orientations. Fostering a diverse student population is tantamount to fostering
a more rich educational experience.
Sincerely,
--
Dear President Lyons,
My husband and I are alumni and graduated in 2001. I recently received
an email regarding the LGBT friendly events that will take place on
campus, and the negative responses coming from other alumni. I wanted
to share my APPROVAL and thanks for hosting this event at USD. I have
also made my first donation ever as a symbol of my support for this
event.
Regards,
Class of 2001
--
Dear President Lyons,
It has come to my attention that USD Pride's scheduled events are coming under
attack. To see such hateful comments is quite distressing and is not following
the teachings of God, Jesus, or the Catholic church.
I wanted to take this opportunity to thank you for staying true to USD's core
values and "creating a welcoming, inclusive, and collaborative community
accentuated by a spirit of freedom and charity, and marked by protection of the
rights and dignity of the individual." It is thanks to people like
you, who are willing to stand up for everyone, that my time at USD was such a
positive experience.
It is a shame that the haters behind these attacks are unable to find God's
love in their own hearts. As you are forced to deal with the venom these
minions of hate command, please know that there are many, many alums out there
who are pleased to see USD's commitment to equality for all, without exception.
Jesus would approve.
With all my support,
Alumni, Class of 2002
--
Dear President Lyons,
I graduated
from the University of San Diego in 2003. I would like to first say that I was
involved with the committee that helped interview the Presidential candidates
the year you were chosen... you were my choice, and I stand by that decision
today. Thank you!
While
attending U.S.D. I was very engaged with the university community as a member
of student senate, an active member of the United Front Multicultural Center
(and president's council), President of Pride and a Rainbow Educator. I was
also a resident assistant my senior year. And I'm a lesbian.
I learned a
lot about myself at U.S.D. and a lot about my Catholic counterparts. I'm so
glad I had the opportunity to learn that to be Catholic does not inherently
equal close-minded and hateful, which is what I had come to learn prior to attending
U.S.D. I met many loving Christians who a) were not trying to save my soul, b)
were not trying to change me c) loved me for who I am. It was the mission of
the school that drew me there, and it was the people that kept me there. I
enjoyed a happy alliance with University Ministry and enjoyed my religion
classes.
I want to
thank you for supporting the students of Pride and the drag show that will be
taking place. It is events like these that while they take place often outside
of the campus environment without incident, send a message to the students that
all identities are respected and valued.
Thank you for
being a positive force- not only for the members of Pride, but for all of the
other U.S.D. students that can reap the rewards of a university that respects
ALL students.
Sincerely,
--
Dear President Lyons,
Earlier this week while browsing Facebook I learned about a drag show organized
by PRIDE at USD. Curious, I clicked to read more, hopeful that the post
would reveal a campus that over the 8 years since I graduated has continued to
make progress towards being truly inclusive. I learned that the drag show
was one of a few events designed to facilitate a conversation & awareness
of gender identity. I was so incredibly proud to learn of the
administrations decision to approve the events. It is unfortunate that
this has caused division in the wider USD community, and the hateful comments
it has generated from some individuals are simply heartbreaking.
USD truly provided me with a holistic education and strengthened my Catholic
faith- so much so that I decided to add Theology & Religious Studies as one
of my majors. As a freshmen entering college, I was at a crossroads with
my faith development. This was mainly because I was so frustrated that
many Catholics and Christians could profess such hateful views of some minority
groups, especially the GLBT community. Wasn't this contrary to the
message of the Gospel? Didn't God create us in God's image, and all
creation is good? Isn't God's love unconditional? How could people
obsess so much over homosexual activity and be completely accepting of casual,
premarital sex, or adultery? I was hyper-aware of the hypocrisy, and it
pained me and overwhelmed me. I didn't want people to assume that because
I was Catholic, I was anti-gay. I have friends from the Catholic high
school l attended and at USD who are gay, and have always done my best to be a
strong ally to the GLBT community. But I wished there were more
opportunities for me to show my support during such challenging times as high
school & college, when individuals are learning to accept themselves, and
seeking acceptance from others. Surely if I struggled with seeing some
Catholics being hateful towards the GLBT community, the pain this caused my
GLBT friends and classmates was greater and often hidden.
Then in the Spring semester of my freshmen year I learned about Catholic social
teaching. I learned how as Catholics, we are called to support and
embrace the LIFE & DIGNITY of EVERY person- that this is the core tenant of
CST- and that we are called to especially love and support the
marginalized. Not only because Jesus taught us this over 2000 years ago
(which I knew), but also because it is the current teaching of the modern
church. Thoroughly exploring Catholic social teaching, and learning how
we are called to have it inform our actions renewed & restored my
faith. This was a Catholic Church that I could identify with and be proud
to be part of. Similarly, I am very proud to be a Torrero, especially as
the USD community takes important strides towards inclusion, and the
administration helps to foster that.
On this Good Friday, we are reminded that Christ died for us because he loves
us- unconditionally- and that we are called to love others as God loves
us. I am thankful for your role in building a campus that promotes
acceptance and inclusion and gives witness to loving others as God loves us.
|
Tent Hire
a2zcamping have a shop packed full of every thing you need for your camping or caravan holidays. From caravan awnings by Sunncamp and Kampa to the latest inflatable awnings and motor home awnings. We also have the largest range of clearance tents in the west midlands. a2zcamping.co.uk are also an approved supplier of Hyundai leisure generators and camping generator accessories.
|
An exclusionary n-th power m^n is one made up of digits not appearing in the root m which itself consists of distinct digits. For the corresponding root m, see A113951. In principle, no exclusionary n-th power exists for n=1(mod 4)=A016813.
|
package me.coley.recaf.ui.controls;
import javafx.scene.control.TextField;
/**
* TextField that with a numeric text parse.
*
* @author Matt
*/
public class NumericText extends TextField {
/**
* @return Generic number, {@code null} if text does not represent any number format.
*/
public Number get() {
String text = getText();
if(text.matches("\\d+"))
return Integer.parseInt(text);
else if(text.matches("\\d+\\.?\\d*[dD]?")) {
if(text.toLowerCase().contains("d"))
return Double.parseDouble(text.substring(0, text.length() - 1));
else
return Double.parseDouble(text);
} else if(text.matches("\\d+\\.?\\d*[fF]"))
return Float.parseFloat(text.substring(0, text.length() - 1));
else if(text.matches("\\d+\\.?\\d*[lL]"))
return Long.parseLong(text.substring(0, text.length() - 1));
return null;
}
}
|
Cole Valley Hillside
Tucked into a hillside site at the end of a cul-de-sac, this transformation of a 1930’s Deco house in San Francisco’s Cole Valley addresses a number of complicated site conditions. Roof forms vary to address views to the east and north and combine with well-placed skylights to allow sunlight into all areas of the house despite its hillside setting. A central stair core carved into the hill draws visitors to living spaces placed on the top floor to maximize access to light and views.
|
No one can tell you which bullet your particular gun will like, not even us. You'll have to try some different ones and experiment. But to get you started in the right direction, we've provided some general rules on how to select a pistol bullet on the Pistol Bullets page.
Caliber
Mould Make(Number)
Weight(BHN)
DiameterRange
Bullet Style(Alloy)
Nose to Crimp Groove Length(Metplat)
Price/100 (Lubed
and
sized)
Price/500 (Lubed
and
sized)
LBT
(N/A)
460
(22)
.511 - .513
Semi- Wadcutter - Keith style - Gas Checked
(HT)
0.375
(0.410)
39.15
190.75
500 Linebaugh
Ballisti-Cast
(1480GC)
445
(22)
.510 - .512
Semi- Wadcutter - Keith style - Gas Checked
(HT)
0.440
(0.355)
38.05
185.25
LBT
(N/A)
440
(22)
.510 - .513
Long Flat Nose - Gas Checked
(HT)
0.400
(0.375)
38.05
185.25
LBT
(N/A)
440
(15)
.510 - .512
Semi- Wadcutter - Keith style
(air cooled)
0.370
(0.400)
32.35
156.75
LBT
(N/A)
400
(22)
.510 - .513
Long Flat Nose - Gas Checked
(HT)
0.380
(0.375)
35.85
174.25
LBT
(N/A)
350
(22)
.510 - .512
Long Flat-Nose - Gas Checked
(HT)
0.325
(0.380)
32.35
156.75
LBT
(N/A)
350
(22)
.510 - .512
Wide Flat Nose - Gas Checked
(HT)
0.310
(0.425)
32.35
156.75
(HT) = Heat Treated alloy
Note: All bullets can be supplied sized within the diameter range noted for each bullet and lubed for smokeless or black powder. Order Now!
|
DIY 2 in 1 Coffee Table Bench
I love creating something that is multifunctional … that’s why I am so excited to share with you how to create this 2 in 1 Coffee Table Bench! Here’s how to get started …
You Will Need:
Wood Glue
Wood Screws
Door Hinges
Have your hardware store pre-cut boards to:
4- 2x4s @ 41″
1 – 2×2 @ 41″
8 – 2x4s @ 16 1/2″
4 – 2x4s @ 15″
2 – 2x4s @ 5 1/2″
2 – 2x4s @ 15″
4 – 1x8s @ 48″
2 – 1x3s @ 48″
2 – 2x4s @ 9 1/2″
How-To:
1. Attach the top middle 2×4 brace (41″) and the bottom middle 2×2 (41″) brace to the side 2x4s (16 1/2″) along with wood glue. There should be a 3/4″ spacing at the top of the seat back.
2. Assemble the side arms by attaching the top side 2×4 brace (16 1/2″) and the front side 2×4 (5 1/2″) brace together with 2 1/2″ pocket hole screws to attach along with wood glue. Repeat this step to create two side arms.
3. Attachthe bottom side 2×4 brace (15″) to finish the side arm on a 1 1/2″ setting, with 2 1/2″ pocket hole screws to attach along with wood glue. Repeat this step for both side arms.
4. Attach the two 1×8 (48″) bench seat supports to the top bench using wood screws/brad nails and wood glue. The 1×6 boards will be flush with the outside of the bench.
5. Attach the middle 1×3 (48″) bench seat support to the top bench using wood screws/brad nails and wood glue. There should be a spacing of 1/4 of an inch in between boards.
6. Assemble bottom half of the bench by attaching the top middle 2×4 brace (41″) and the bottom middle 2×4 (41″) brace to the side 2x4s (16 1/2″) using a on a 1 1/2″ setting, with 2 1/2″ pocket hole screws to attach along with wood glue. The bottom 2×4 should be placed faced down instead of right side up for the bottom bench half. The top should be inset by 3/4″ like the top bench.
7. Assemble the side arms for the bottom half of the bench by attaching the top side 2×4 brace (15″) and the front side 2×4 (15″) brace to the (17 1/4″) 2×4 using on a 1 1/2″ setting, with 2 1/2″ pocket hole screws to attach along with wood glue. Repeat this step to create two side arms.
8. Assemble the side arms for the bottom half of the bench by attaching the top side 2×4 brace (15″) and the front side 2×4 (15″) brace to the (17 1/4″) 2×4 using a on a 1 1/2″ setting, with 2 1/2″ pocket hole screws to attach along with wood glue. Repeat this step to create two side arms.
9. Attach the two side arms to the bottom bench back support using on a 1 1/2″ setting, with 2 1/2″ pocket hole screws to attach along with wood glue.
10. Attach the (41″) 2×4 to the existing bottom bench using a on a 1 1/2″ setting, with 2 1/2″ pocket hole screws to attach along with wood glue. The 41″ 2×4 should be inset 1 1/2″ from the outside of the bench.
11. Attach the (9 1/2″) 2×4 braces to the existing bottom bench using on a 1 1/2″ setting, with 2 1/2″ pocket hole screws to attach along with wood glue.
12. Attach the (48″) 1×8 boards to the bottom bench using wood screws and wood glue.
13. Attach the (48″) 1×3 board2 to the bottom bench using wood screws and wood glue. There should be a 1/4″ spacing in between boards.
|
Burney, Fanny Travel and society polish one, but a rolling stone gathers no moss,
and a little moss is a good thing on a man. - Burroughs, John Travelers are likepoets. They are mostly an angry race. - Burton, Sir Richard I swims in the Tagus ...
In the pathology of travel, many journeyers who seem in pursuit of a goal are
driven by demons, attempting to flee, often ... Burton also said, “Travelers, likepoets, are mostly an angry race. ... And when they return from their morti- fications
it is to insult the people and the places they have visited, to fight the battle over
the bill ...
Gélélé had said that Burton was a good man but too angry.Primitive people were
good at reading character. They had had to be to survive. Monat, the Arcturan,
sensing ... Travelers, like poets, are mostly an angry race.” That at least made him
...
Now that I had a comforting cushion of savings, I was once again inclined to think
about travel. "Travellers, like poets, are mostly an angry race," wrote African
explorer Richard Burton, and so it was with me. Paris beckoned as offering a
spell of ...
“Bob, you gonna eat monks' food today,” my mother teases, even though most of
the time she prepares a separate ... If sumo is on, my mother hoarsely shouts
instructions at the wrestlers as if they could hear her. ... As I walk outside through
the garage, she stands at the utility room window waving like a child. ... Paisley
Rekdal is a multigenre author, poet, and poetry professor at the University of Utah
.
It is only persons, of whatever race, that matter. The rest are mostly worthless. So
when they passed along the street of the goldsmiths, Tarak as usual whispered
his little poem, now almost a joke. She would smile feebly in return, for she was ...
It is onlypersons, of whatever race, that matter. The rest are mostly worthless. So
when they passed along the street of the goldsmiths, Tarak as usual whispered
his little poem, now almost a joke. She would smile feebly in return, for she was ...
In all probability the post-mark and the handwriting revealed that they were
gentle reminders from the tradesmen with whom they dealt. There is one odd
peculiarity that seems congenital with the race — you and I have it in common
with our neighbor. When we receive a ... Here's his check,' and the angry poet
flourished the bit of paper in the air and hurried away. I afterward learned ... But
the most unhappy experience of all was related by a certain well-known traveller
and litterateur.
29, of Martin Far- quhar Tupper, at 79, have of course been devoted mostly to
speculations 'Proverbial Philosophy," — what it was ... English poetry and
represents the deepest spirit of modern philosophy, cannot be classified in a few
cheap formulae. ... structure built up by the race since the animal stage ; entirely
anarchic savages, and they only, fulfill exactly the ethical ... We do not feel like
adding to the list of tloges ; and any one who does not know all we could tell him
of Mr. Davis's ...
In “April Fool Birthday Poem for Grandpa,” which is included in Pieces of a Song (
1990), Diane di Prima also perceives a ... and certainly no single “Beat” politic; in
fact, many of those most frequently associated with the Beat Generation were ...
References to the space race, to Einstein's theories, and to the bomb, which are
scattered throughout the Beat writing, ... in Protest: The Beat Generation and the Angry Young Men) wrote about Beat Generation disconnection from society and
the ...
|
//*********************************************************
//
// Copyright (c) Microsoft. All rights reserved.
// This code is licensed under the MIT License (MIT).
// THIS CODE IS PROVIDED *AS IS* WITHOUT WARRANTY OF
// ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING ANY
// IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
// PURPOSE, MERCHANTABILITY, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT.
//
//*********************************************************
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Windows.UI.Xaml;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Navigation;
using Windows.ApplicationModel.Contacts;
namespace SDKTemplate
{
/// <summary>
/// An empty page that can be used on its own or navigated to within a Frame.
/// </summary>
public sealed partial class Scenario1_CreateContacts : Page
{
private MainPage rootPage = MainPage.Current;
public Scenario1_CreateContacts()
{
this.InitializeComponent();
}
private async Task<ContactList> _GetContactList()
{
ContactStore store = await ContactManager.RequestStoreAsync(ContactStoreAccessType.AppContactsReadWrite);
if (null == store)
{
rootPage.NotifyUser("Unable to get a contacts store.", NotifyType.ErrorMessage);
return null;
}
ContactList contactList;
IReadOnlyList<ContactList> contactLists = await store.FindContactListsAsync();
if (0 == contactLists.Count)
{
contactList = await store.CreateContactListAsync("TestContactList");
}
else
{
contactList = contactLists[0];
}
return contactList;
}
private async Task<ContactAnnotationList> _GetContactAnnotationList()
{
ContactAnnotationStore annotationStore = await ContactManager.RequestAnnotationStoreAsync(ContactAnnotationStoreAccessType.AppAnnotationsReadWrite);
if (null == annotationStore)
{
rootPage.NotifyUser("Unable to get an annotations store.", NotifyType.ErrorMessage);
return null;
}
ContactAnnotationList annotationList;
IReadOnlyList<ContactAnnotationList> annotationLists = await annotationStore.FindAnnotationListsAsync();
if (0 == annotationLists.Count)
{
annotationList = await annotationStore.CreateAnnotationListAsync();
}
else
{
annotationList = annotationLists[0];
}
return annotationList;
}
private async void CreateTestContacts()
{
//
// Creating two test contacts with email address and phone number.
//
Contact contact1 = new Contact();
contact1.FirstName = "TestContact1";
ContactEmail email1 = new ContactEmail();
email1.Address = "TestContact1@contoso.com";
contact1.Emails.Add(email1);
ContactPhone phone1 = new ContactPhone();
phone1.Number = "4255550100";
contact1.Phones.Add(phone1);
Contact contact2 = new Contact();
contact2.FirstName = "TestContact2";
ContactEmail email2 = new ContactEmail();
email2.Address = "TestContact2@contoso.com";
email2.Kind = ContactEmailKind.Other;
contact2.Emails.Add(email2);
ContactPhone phone2 = new ContactPhone();
phone2.Number = "4255550101";
phone2.Kind = ContactPhoneKind.Mobile;
contact2.Phones.Add(phone2);
// Save the contacts
ContactList contactList = await _GetContactList();
if (null == contactList)
{
return;
}
await contactList.SaveContactAsync(contact1);
await contactList.SaveContactAsync(contact2);
//
// Create annotations for those test contacts.
// Annotation is the contact meta data that allows People App to generate deep links
// in the contact card that takes the user back into this app.
//
ContactAnnotationList annotationList = await _GetContactAnnotationList();
if (null == annotationList)
{
return;
}
ContactAnnotation annotation = new ContactAnnotation();
annotation.ContactId = contact1.Id;
// Remote ID: The identifier of the user relevant for this app. When this app is
// launched into from the People App, this id will be provided as context on which user
// the operation (e.g. ContactProfile) is for.
annotation.RemoteId = "user12";
// The supported operations flags indicate that this app can fulfill these operations
// for this contact. These flags are read by apps such as the People App to create deep
// links back into this app. This app must also be registered for the relevant
// protocols in the Package.appxmanifest (in this case, ms-contact-profile).
annotation.SupportedOperations = ContactAnnotationOperations.ContactProfile;
if (!await annotationList.TrySaveAnnotationAsync(annotation))
{
rootPage.NotifyUser("Failed to save annotation for TestContact1 to the store.", NotifyType.ErrorMessage);
return;
}
annotation = new ContactAnnotation();
annotation.ContactId = contact2.Id;
annotation.RemoteId = "user22";
// You can also specify multiple supported operations for a contact in a single
// annotation. In this case, this annotation indicates that the user can be
// communicated via VOIP call, Video Call, or IM via this application.
annotation.SupportedOperations = ContactAnnotationOperations.Message |
ContactAnnotationOperations.AudioCall |
ContactAnnotationOperations.VideoCall;
if (!await annotationList.TrySaveAnnotationAsync(annotation))
{
rootPage.NotifyUser("Failed to save annotation for TestContact2 to the store.", NotifyType.ErrorMessage);
return;
}
rootPage.NotifyUser("Sample data created successfully.", NotifyType.StatusMessage);
}
private async void DeleteTestContacts()
{
ContactList contactList = null;
ContactStore store = await ContactManager.RequestStoreAsync(ContactStoreAccessType.AppContactsReadWrite);
if (null != store)
{
IReadOnlyList<ContactList> contactLists = await store.FindContactListsAsync();
if (0 < contactLists.Count)
{
contactList = contactLists[0];
}
}
if (null != contactList)
{
await contactList.DeleteAsync();
rootPage.NotifyUser("Sample data deleted.", NotifyType.StatusMessage);
}
else
{
rootPage.NotifyUser("Could not delete sample data.", NotifyType.ErrorMessage);
}
}
}
}
|
The surnames Monet and Manet have already been seen on contemporary birth certificates, but what about the (first) names of more modern visual artists? With their lively diversity of ethnicities, any of these paintors and sculptors’ names –whether they be abstract or pop artists, realists or surrealists–could provide creative inspiration and an artistic role model for your child.
|
Having fun at work is important, says Rohit Roy
Actor Rohit Roy, currently seen in Vikram Bhatt’s web series “Memories”, said that fun is important while working. The actor, along with his co-star Priyal Gor, ensure they add a dash of fun while working on the set. Once, they burst out laughing while shooting a serious sequence.
Recalling the memory, Rohit said in a statement: “Every day was a new learning with fun moments which made a pleasant experience for me, we had the best time shooting for a serious sequence which turned out to be a laugh riot.”
“Sometimes fun is also important with work, just like creating memories on the set of ‘Memories’,” added the actor, who plays a news anchor in the show.
Presented by video streaming service Viu, “Memories” is a thriller crime genre show which went live on July 1.
|
Geeky Stuff
An awsome picture of the new Airbus A380. That thing is a monster! But can anybody out there explain to me how something that enormous and made out of metal can fly over oceans yet I can’t stay airborn on my own for more than 1 second? Really, I’m quite serious. It’s frustrating.
An assumption is made that if you’re serious about the web, you’re using Firefox. Greasemonkey is a Firefox extension that lets you add bits of DHTML to any web page to make it behave better than it was originally designed. For example, you could insert competitors prices into Amazon listings or insert links to bittorrents into Netflix listings. Hundreds of existing scripts are provided for web-based mashup.
A couple of guys built their own tracking sentry gun that fires bb’s, so I figured it might be a good project for some of you. And if you’re psychotic, you can do it with a real gun! But rembember that would be very illegal and you’d probably kill your wife, who let’s face it, is the only person who’s ever loved you. You inhuman monster.
You’ll lose your job. Your significant other will leave you. Your children will starve. You will be entertained for the rest of your life. StumbleUpon adds a button to your web browser that when pressed, presents you with a random web page based upon your selected interests. When you’re bored with the page, just press the button again for more entertainment. And again and again and again and…
Easier than Outlook. Simpler than notepad. More useful than either. 37Signals Backpack is an outrageously cool and useful web application that you can post to, read and edit effortlessly. The basic service is free and probably useful enough for most people as-is. I can’t say enough good things about this tool and have only scratched the surface in my own usage.
“The controller for Nintendo’s upcoming Revolution home console system is a cordless remote-control-like device designed to be used with only one hand. Two small sensors placed near the TV and a chip inside the controller track its position and orientation, allowing the player to manipulate the action on screen by physically moving the controller itself.” continue reading… »
|
One in five Americans work alternative and rotating shifts, including night shifts. That means one in five Americans — medical professionals, security guards, police officers, cleaning staff — know firsthand how hard the night shift is. It takes a toll on your sleep patterns, your social life, and oftentimes your eating habits.
Having a schedule that differs from the general 9–5 workday makes it hard to eat well, get enough nutrition, and maintain your weight. Night shift workers gain more weight than those who work during the day, due in part to the disruption of the body’s normal circadian rhythm. Scientists believe disturbing that regular rhythm (by working all night when your body would like to sleep) predisposes your body to gain more weight than it would on a regular daytime schedule.
This means if you work night shifts, it’s even more important to ensure you eat a healthy diet. Creating a meal plan helps a lot — that can be easier said than done, though. If you struggle with keeping a planned diet, you’re not alone; and you can do something about it. Below, we explain why it’s hard to stick to a meal plan when you work the night shift or nontraditional hours, and how you can make it easier for yourself.
Why It’s So Hard to Eat Well On the Night Shift
The reality is, if you work nontraditional hours, you’re more likely to eat irregularly, or skip meals entirely — and you probably find it hard to fit in enough exercise. It’s not just you; the night shift makes being healthy a lot more difficult, no matter your habits.
If throwing your body’s schedule into chaos wasn’t enough, there aren’t many nutritious food options for those working the graveyard shift. The majority of restaurants open in the middle of the night, or early in the morning, tend to be fast food restaurants. If you’re trying to avoid the unhealthy chicken nuggets and burgers, your next best option is likely an office vending machine, full of snacks and drinks that definitely aren’t nutritious.
If you’re aiming to eat well, you’re often left trying to choose the lesser of two evils — the greasy french fries, or the 75-cent shortbread cookies — which is bad enough, without the added fact that your body is at a disadvantage no matter which you choose. It turns out, the night shift may actually slow down your metabolism, causing you to burn calories slower than someone who works during the day. So even if you get that one salad from the drive-through menu, your body is still predisposed to weight gain.
The evidence is clear: nontraditional work schedules make it difficult to eat well, and easy to gain weight. You can combat the challenges of your schedule, with a clearly defined plan, and the willpower to see it through.
Making and Sticking To a Meal Plan
Benjamin Franklin once said, “If you fail to plan, you are planning to fail.” Whether or not he was directly referring to meal planning, when it comes to healthy eating habits and working strange hours, he couldn’t be more correct.
Here’s how you can put together a plan to eat regular, nutritious meals that help your body overcome any late-night disruptions to its natural rhythm.
Stock up on healthy foods and get rid of junk food.
If it’s not in your house, there won’t be a temptation to eat it. Cut down on buying unhealthy foods, and replace them with nutritious foods instead. Keep plenty of protein-filled and nutritious snacks like fruit, nuts, and yogurt on hand. Unlike chips and cookies, these snacks will actually nourish you, making you feel less hungry between meals and giving you energy boosts your body needs.
A good tip for your shopping trips: Stay along the the perimeter of the grocery store, to reduce your likelihood of picking up those foods high in sodium, sugar, and fat.
Prepare ahead of time.
Once you’ve got your pantry full of healthy food, schedule time to make your meals in advance. This decreases the chances of you arriving home from a shift, exhausted and wondering what to eat, and quickly pulling out a container of Easy Mac. Set aside time on your day off, or a day when you have a spare block of time, and cook as much as you can — so you’ll have plenty of healthy leftovers in the fridge that can be easily re-heated.
One easy idea: Hard boil a bunch of eggs at the beginning of the week, store them in the fridge, and bring a few work each day as a healthy, high-protein snack.
You may also consider getting a slow cooker, which makes it easy to throw some veggies and meat together before you leave for work, and return home to a delicious stew. There’s a wide selection of fantastic slow cooker recipes that make preparing meals a snap.
Eat three regular meals.
Working irregular hours leaves many people feeling like they can only find time for one “real” meal; keep in mind that no matter your schedule, it’s important to get three square meals a day. Try to avoid having a large meal in the middle of the night, and stick as closely to a regular eating schedule as you can. If possible, have breakfast when returning home after your night shift, sit down for lunch after waking up, and eat a full dinner before you go back to work in the evening.
If you find yourself hungry during the night, have a light snack that will give you a bit of energy, and is easy for your system to digest; such as fruit, yogurt, or light soup.
Build your meal schedule around your job, and then follow it each day. Sticking to a consistent eating schedule will help your metabolism run more smoothly, burning more calories and keeping you healthier overall.
Stop snacking.
This ties closely with the above point. Once you’ve created your consistent meal schedule, it’s not only important to ensure you eat at all three meal times, but also that you refrain from eating too much in between those times. Many night shift workers find themselves snacking because they’re bored, or tired.
If you’re snacking in an effort to keep your eyelids from drooping, this is a sign you’re likely not getting enough sleep in your off hours (see below). If you’re snacking because you’re bored, start training yourself to pause and recognize that feeling of boredom, before heading to the vending machine. This takes a bit of work in the area of mindfulness; becoming conscious of how your body and mind feel at any given moment. As you get better at identifying your own moments of boredom, come up with healthier alternative solutions. What can you do to relieve the boredom without taking a toll on your waistline? Depending on the nature of your job responsibilities, you may try listening to music, working on a crossword puzzle, chewing gum, or fiddling with a small object (like a stress ball or silly putty), to alleviate your boredom.
Get enough sleep.
Yes, it’s difficult. Our bodies fight sleep during the daylight hours, so even if you feel exhausted from working all night, it can be challenging to get the recommended 7 to 9 hours of sleep each day. In fact, the average night shift worker only gets about five hours of sleep. Most night shift workers are victims of “shift-lag” — going to be bed at 8am, yet unable to sleep past 1pm; therefore, getting well under the recommended amount of sleep each day.
If you are a victim of shift-lag, try to take small naps throughout the afternoon to get you closer to that seven-hour mark. If you struggle to fall asleep when you get home from your shifts, try a few strategies to help your body understand it’s time for sleep: close the blinds and darken the room as much as possible, play quiet and relaxing music, avoid using your TV or computer screens within the half-hour beforehand, and introduce the calming scent of lavender into the room.
What does sleeping have to do with sticking to your meal plan? Everything. Without adequate sleep, it is hard for humans to practice self-control in the waking hours. Decreasing your capacity for self-control will make it harder to resist that vending machine, or fast food drive-through on the way home.
Developing and sticking to a nutritious meal plan won’t return your social life to normal, and it won’t make up for missing the sun (though you can get vitamin D for that!); but it will help you feel healthier and more energetic during your waking hours — and keep your weight in check. You’re not the only person working nontraditional, irregular hours, so if you need extra support or motivation, seek out and talk to other people who work in a similar field or schedule as you. Remember, for your body’s health and wellbeing, routine is essential. Set the time aside to plan your meals (and plan your sleep schedule, if you can), and keep yourself on a healthy routine — the longer you follow your meal plan, the easier and more habitual it will become.
Katie Di Lauro is a registered dietitian nutritionist at Tri-City Medical Center, a full-service, acute-care hospital located in Oceanside, California. Katie brings her 14 years in the wellness industry, as an individual and corporate wellness educator. Katie is truly passionate about wellness and helping her clients achieve their goals through education, motivation, and accountability.
Share your comments below. Please read our commenting guidelines before posting. If you have a concern about a comment, report it here.
Are You a Sleep Deprived Shift Worker?
Sign up for the Thrive Global newsletter
“People look for retreats for themselves, in the country, by the coast, or in the hills . . . There is nowhere that a person can find a more peaceful and trouble-free retreat than in his own mind. . . . So constantly give yourself this retreat, and renew yourself.”
|
/** @file Contains the global variables used in LabelMe. */
// Parsed LabelMe XML file. Manipulate this variable with jquery.
var LM_xml;
// URL of CGI script to submit XML annotation:
var SubmitXmlUrl = 'annotationTools/perl/submit.cgi';
// LabelMe username:
var username = 'anonymous';
// Boolean indicating whether user is currently signing in (this should be abstracted into class):
var username_flag = 0;
// Boolean indicating if we will use attributes. This should be read from the URL and set to 0 by default.
var use_attributes = 1; // if this is 0, then it will remove all the attributes from the bubble.
var use_parts = 1; // if this is 0 disapears the message from the bubble
// for now, let's remove the attributes in MT mode. Just in case anybody is trying this.
if (getQueryVariable('mode')=='mt'){
//use_attributes=0;
//use_parts = 0;
}
// Boolean indicating whether the control points were edited:
var editedControlPoints = 0;
// Scalar indicating which polygon is selected; -1 means no polygon is selected
var selected_poly = -1;
// Class with functions to handle actions/events.
var main_handler;
// Canvas that renders polygons at rest state.
var main_canvas;
// Holds image.
var main_media;
// URL of XHTML namespace. This is needed for generating SVG elements.
var xhtmlNS = 'http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml';
// Website that refers to LabelMe:
var ref;
// Indicates whether we are in segmentation or polygon mode
var drawing_mode = 0;
var showImgName = false;
// Scribble mode:
var scribble_mode = true;
var threed_mode = false;
var video_mode = false;
var bounding_box = false;
var bbox_mode = true;
var autocomplete_mode = false;
var wait_for_input;
var edit_popup_open = 0;
var num_orig_anno;
var global_count = 0;
var req_submit;
// Indicates if polygon has been edited.
var submission_edited = 0;
// Allowable user actions:
var action_CreatePolygon = 1;
var action_RenameExistingObjects = 0;
var action_ModifyControlExistingObjects = 0;
var action_DeleteExistingObjects = 0;
// Which polygons are visible:
var view_Existing = 1;
var view_Deleted = 0;
// Flag for right-hand object list:
var view_ObjList = true;
// Mechanical Turk variables:
var LMbaseurl = 'http://' + window.location.host + window.location.pathname;
var MThelpPage = 'annotationTools/html/mt_instructions.html';
var externalSubmitURL = 'https://www.mturk.com/mturk/externalSubmit';
var externalSubmitURLsandbox = 'https://workersandbox.mturk.com/mturk/externalSubmit';
var mt_N = 'inf';
var object_choices = '...';
var loaded_once = false;
|
Twin blasts rock town on Turkish border with Syria
NBC's Richard Engel reports from Turkey where two car bomb explosions in the town of Reyhanli near the Syria border killed at least 40 people and injured at least 100, raising fears Syria's civil war may be crossing the border.
By Marian Smith, Staff Writer, NBC News
Two car bombs exploded near the Turkish border with Syria on Saturday, killing at least 40 people and injuring scores more in the town of Reyhanli.
"Two cars exploded in front of the municipality building and the post office in Reyhanli," Interior Minister Muammer Guler said in comments on Turkish television.
"We know that the people taking refuge in Hatay have become targets for the Syrian regime," Arinc said in comments broadcast on Turkish television. "We think of them as the usual suspects when it comes to planning such a horrific attack."
There was no immediate claim of responsibility. Nor was there any comment from Damascus.
Speaking to reporters during a visit to Berlin, Turkey's Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoglu said the country would protect itself if threatened.
Turkey supports the uprising against beleaguered Assad and has been a vocal critic against the regime.
"There may be those who want to sabotage Turkey's peace, but we will not allow that," he said. "No one should attempt to test Turkey's power; our security forces will take all necessary measures."
The United States condemned the attacks and vowed solidarity with Turkey in identifying those responsible.
"The United States condemns today's car bombings and we stand with our ally, Turkey," read a statement from Secretary of State John Kerry. "This awful news strikes an especially personal note for all of us given how closely we work in partnership with Turkey, and how many times Turkey's been a vital interlocutor at the center of my work as Secretary of State these last three months. Our thoughts are with the wounded and we extend our deepest condolences to the families of the victims."
"The United States strongly condemns today's vicious attack, and stands with the people and government of Turkey to identify the perpetrators and bring them to justice," U.S. Ambassador to Turkey Francis Ricciardone said in a statement.
|
Bobi over at shoestring sophistication just awarded me the Versatile Blogger Award! I’m pleasantly surprised that something in my house is worthy of an award, but hey I’ll take it :)
I’ve been following her projects on her blog and on the nest and she produces some seriously gorgeous stuff! In fact, she put recently up board and batten in her hallway which was even more motivation for me to get the ball rolling on mine. Thanks for the inspiration and the award Bobi!
Here are the rules for the award recipients:
1. Thank the person who gave you the award and link back to their site in your original post2. Tell us seven things about yourself3. Pass along the award to five newly discovered bloggers4. Contact these bloggers and let them know they got this award
Here’s my seven fun facts….
1. Before my life as an obsessed home renovator, I was equally as obsessed (ok, a lot more actually) with my car. It started in high school and became a full on addiction by college. I spent every second of my free time at car meets, working on the car, at the drag strips, etc… I even had a matching street bike. Anyone who knew me from age 16 to 24 can attest to how nuts I was. In fact, it was at a car meet where I met Brad in 2007 (he had a 1000hp twin turbo supra and it was love at first sight.) Luckily our love lasted beyond the track and we’re now happily married!
Anyway, I could go on forever, but here’s a pic of my babies together:
Ok one more... here we are together at a show:
Moment of silence please for their absence.
Moving on.
2. Myself, my mom and my grandpa were all born in the same hospital in San Francisco (shout out to the bay area!)
3. My mom, my dad and my grandpa are all in the real estate business (see, it’s in my blood, it was bound to happen…)
4. I was grew up and was baptized Mormon but have since retired due to love of 2 piece bikinis and wine.
5. I sometimes spend hours on google earth zooming in to every tropical island in the world to scope out my future residences. Yes, I plan on becoming independently wealthy and buying an island.
6. In second grade I wrote a story about clouds for a state wide contest and won. My story was made into a TV special and I got chauffeured to the state capital in a limo (I vividly remember this), a special school assembly in my honor and won my class a field trip to a dairy farm.
7. My dream job for the past couple years has been to become a house flipper and/or landlord (which we’ve already started with our LA properties) but now it looks like this Etsy thing will become my full time gig soon. And I couldn’t be happier.
So that’s probably more than you wanted to know about me, but now that that’s out of the way, time to pass the award along to five bloggers who inspire me!
|
// Copyright 2019 ETH Zurich
// Copyright 2020 ETH Zurich, Anapaya Systems
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
package json_test
import (
"encoding/json"
"flag"
"io/ioutil"
"strings"
"testing"
"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
"github.com/scionproto/scion/go/lib/common"
jsontopo "github.com/scionproto/scion/go/lib/topology/json"
)
var (
update = flag.Bool("update", false, "set to true to update golden files")
)
func TestLoadRawFromFile(t *testing.T) {
referenceTopology := &jsontopo.Topology{
Timestamp: 168562800,
TimestampHuman: "May 6 00:00:00 CET 1975",
IA: "6-ff00:0:362",
MTU: 1472,
Attributes: []jsontopo.Attribute{jsontopo.Authoritative, jsontopo.AttrCore,
jsontopo.Issuing, jsontopo.Voting},
BorderRouters: map[string]*jsontopo.BRInfo{
"borderrouter6-f00:0:362-1": {
InternalAddr: "10.1.0.1:0",
CtrlAddr: "10.1.0.1:30098",
Interfaces: map[common.IFIDType]*jsontopo.BRInterface{
91: {
Underlay: jsontopo.Underlay{
Public: "192.0.2.1:4997",
Remote: "192.0.2.2:4998",
Bind: "10.0.0.1",
},
Bandwidth: 100000,
IA: "6-ff00:0:363",
LinkTo: "CORE",
MTU: 1472,
},
},
},
"borderrouter6-f00:0:362-9": {
InternalAddr: "[2001:db8:a0b:12f0::2]:0",
CtrlAddr: "[2001:db8:a0b:12f0::2300]:30098",
Interfaces: map[common.IFIDType]*jsontopo.BRInterface{
32: {
Underlay: jsontopo.Underlay{
Public: "[2001:db8:a0b:12f0::1]:4997",
Remote: "[2001:db8:a0b:12f0::2]:4998",
Bind: "2001:db8:a0b:12f0::8",
},
Bandwidth: 5000,
IA: "6-ff00:0:364",
LinkTo: "CHILD",
MTU: 4430,
},
},
},
},
}
if *update {
b, err := json.MarshalIndent(referenceTopology, "", " ")
require.NoError(t, err)
b = append(b, []byte("\n")...)
err = ioutil.WriteFile("testdata/topology.json", b, 0644)
require.NoError(t, err)
}
t.Run("unmarshaled struct matches", func(t *testing.T) {
loadedTopology, err := jsontopo.LoadFromFile("testdata/topology.json")
assert.NoError(t, err)
assert.Equal(t, referenceTopology, loadedTopology)
})
t.Run("marshaled bytes match", func(t *testing.T) {
referenceTopologyBytes, err := ioutil.ReadFile("testdata/topology.json")
require.NoError(t, err)
topologyBytes, err := json.MarshalIndent(referenceTopology, "", " ")
require.NoError(t, err)
assert.Equal(t,
strings.TrimSpace(string(referenceTopologyBytes)),
strings.TrimSpace(string(topologyBytes)),
)
})
}
|
RAM: What it is, how it's used, and why you shouldn't care
Why, in the name of all things holy, does the fastest, most powerful phone on the market have a widget warning me how many apps are open?
Many of you guys know me, and how I am (if you don't, imagine some godless mash-up of anal retentiveness and OCD), so you know this is something that just had to be addressed or I would never sleep well at night again. Which leads us to here and now. The answer to the question is pretty easy -- user madness and FUD forced manufacturers to add some sort of RAM-cleaning, task-killing, and problem-causing widget to current builds of their software. For most of us, the system running on our Android phones, and the way it handles RAM usage, is very different than what we are used to on our computers. If we take a few minutes to understand the way RAM is managed on our phones, we'll not only be able to better interpret what that widget is telling us, but also understand why it doesn't really matter. Let's do that, after the break.
The 'Task Killer' debate
Every discussion about Android phones and tablets, and how they manage memory will eventually get to the Task Killer debate, so we're going to start with it. Simply put -- task managers are good; task killers are bad. In the hands of someone who is aware of what will happen when they stop a running application, a tool that easily lets them do it is a fine thing for everyone. It's a function built into every operating system, including Android. It's a useful debugging tool, and great for developers and power users alike. The problem is that if you're here at Android Central reading, you're either a power user already, or a power user in training and understand more than most people who just install TASK KILLBOT 2000 because the Market description said it will make your phone ZOMG FAST. You realize that killing the Mail app will stop you from getting mail, or that killing the system clock will make you late for work. Harriet Housewife, who just picked up her shiny new Android phone at the Verizon store doesn't -- and she doesn't have to -- unless she gives in to the FUD (or worse, some kid at a store who thinks task killers are a gift from Zeus himself) and installs the task killer. It's not her fault though, as it seems like every time you turn around someone, somewhere is saying that to get good battery life and ZOMG FAST you need to use one.
You don't. You won't. And it makes Cory twitch a little and think about ammunition and clock towers. Keep reading. ...
What is RAM?
RAM (Random Access Memory) is storage used for a place to hold data. Think of it as a big filing cabinet that keeps things ready for the CPU in your phone to present it to your eyes and ears. It's infinitely (almost) re-writable, very fast, and used differently by different operating systems. Many of you guys understand what it is, how it works, and what I'm explaining -- but we're going to try and break it down so that more normal and well-adjusted people can follow along.
RAM is used for one reason only. Reading and writing to file storage (as in reading and writing to your hard drive in your computer, or your internal memory/SD card on your phone) is terribly slow. Solid-state "disks," like what's used in our Android devices and what a lot of geeks people use as hard drives in their computers, are faster than spinning disk platters (normal computer hard drives), but using it to cache the data we need is still a lot slower that using dedicated, solid-state RAM. RAM is cheap. The bus (a pathway for the electrical signals to travel along) between the CPU and the RAM is fast, and everything is kept orderly and easy to retrieve. It's also resource friendly to read and write to it. Without it, computers of all sizes would suck a lot more.
Running applications
Widgets and apps that monitor the apps "running" (quotes intended) aren't inherently evil. We're going to pick on Samsung here, but Motorola, HTC, and the rest all do the same thing in different ways. And what they are doing isn't inherently bad -- people have been using tools like Torsmo and Rainmeter to show a fancy graph of their RAM right where they can see it for a while, and nobody has been hurt (yet). But when that little widget turns bright red like it's screaming "Danger, Will Robinson!" with no explanation, it's time to step in and try to explain the process.
In Android, like many other operating systems built from Unix roots, all share one common thing about RAM:
Unused RAM is wasted RAM.
Android, like Mac OS and Ubuntu, wants to use all the RAM it can, because that's how it was designed to work. There are settings (in Android we call them "minfree" settings) to tell the system how much RAM to leave free and available, but the rest is designed to fill up as fast as possible and stay that way.
You're probably thinking "What's it filling up with?" That's a great question. After the system, graphics, radios, and any other tweaks to RAM are done loading, the rest is there to load apps into memory, right up to the point where the OS says to stop. Load the app as it's being used, and keep it there for the next time until it needs flushed to free space for something else. The more you use the system, the better it gets at keeping the right things loaded and ready to go. Think about how you use your phone -- you might have 100 apps installed, but there are a few you always are opening and using. Eventually, most of those apps will be stored in your RAM, simply because you're always opening them and loading them into the RAM if they weren't already there -- and "erasing" other apps that were there first. Loading an app from your storage takes longer, is harder on the battery, and overall worse than loading it from it's cached position in RAM.
Consider this -- Jerry did/said/thought something that made his wife mad (yes, she can read my thoughts), so he bought flowers from the 7-Eleven and wants to make a mix CD of her favorite Rod Stewart songs to give to her and get his ass out of the doghouse. It could happen. Consider which is more efficient:
Burn 20 songs to a CD, give to wife, and smile while she plays it.
Burn one song to a CD, let her listen, then erase it and burn the next song.
That's what your phone (or tablet) has to consider. Loading Google Talk to RAM once, and having it there to open almost instantly is far better than loading it each and every time you want to use it. So why kill it off? It's not like you'll never use it again, and nothing else is going to use that RAM while it's sitting empty -- at that point, it's wasted space. You will also use a lot more battery power re-opening Talk every time you get a message than you will by having the zeros held as ones on your RAM. The folks who built Android really did know what they were doing when it comes to memory management. After the parameters are set, and the amount the OS can use to "swap" for it's normal operations, the rest is simply wasted if we're not using it. What is cached in RAM is just sitting there, not using any CPU cycles, but ready to get pushed to the front and appear on the screen as fast as it can, and not use the extra battery needed to start it up from disk again.
But Task Killers and freeing RAM made my <insert old Android phone> better!
Having 4MB of RAM made old Windows 3.1 computers better, too. Android, and the hardware it runs on, evolves in our hands -- it gets better with every new release. The software is better, the hardware is better, and the folks writing the apps are getting better at it with better tools. We're going to use the HTC Hero as an example here, because we don't talk about the HTC Hero enough anymore.
By today's standards, the hardware and the software on the Hero suck. It sucked the same when it was new, but at the time we didn't have Bionic's or Thrill 4G's to compare it to. We only knew that there were three ways to make it run faster -- yank HTC Sense off of it, use a task killer, or tweak the system a whole helluva lot. Two of those options need root access -- so that puts 90+ percent of users out of the picture.
Normal people don't root their phones, and Harriet Housewife (or Tommy Textgod) are normal. They bought a phone that could do more than any other phone they ever used before, so they tried to do it all. Android and HTC Sense weren't near as good at managing themselves and their memory needs back then, and having the RAM full meant that there wasn't quite enough left over to run the user interface as fast as it did when the RAM was empty. Hackers soon found that tweaking the existing settings that decide how much RAM to keep free did a wonderful job at fixing that issue, and we all were happy. But if you didn't want to hack your phone, you had the option of just living with it being slow every once in a while or using a task killer to free up some RAM. I'll bet most people just lived with it (the number of people who installed a task killer is waaayyy smaller than the number of people who bought an old Hero, Eris, Cliq, or Behold), but people who spent any time on the Internet fell victim to the lure of a task killer. Soon, forums across the web filled with tales of woe about things not working right -- because everyone was randomly killing off important system processes and apps that needed to stay running.
There were also issues with apps. A correctly coded app that uses a ton of resources, let's say Plants vs. Zombies, gobbles up a bunch of your RAM while you're using it, but gracefully exits and purges itself when it's done. That means the RAM is free, being wasted, and needs filled up again when you load up Google Talk. When you're done chatting, Google Talk just gets sent to the background because it didn't have to take a ton of RAM and should stay loaded for the next time. When Android was shiny and new, a lot of apps that used an excessive amount of system resources didn't exit gracefully, and the OS struggled to purge RAM and load itself back to the foreground -- causing lag when you closed a big app. Sometimes the lag lasted a while, and people soon tired of it. Killing every damn process you can and jacking the free RAM up as high as possible, or even worse -- scheduling a task killer app to do it automatically every so often -- seemed like the best solution to a whole lot of people. We're mostly past that now. App developers are crafty, and the tools they have at their disposal mean that most of the time they get it right -- even on the first try.
Why it no longer matters
Nowadays, the hardware in our phones is amazing and the software is very much improved. Android can manage memory rather well (and the settings are still there to tweak if you just have to touch stuff) and having up to 300 percent more RAM makes a huge difference. There will be a few times where killing off a handful of tasks will speed things up, but overall you'll get the best performance out of your phone or tablet if you stop worrying about it and let Android be Android. If you need to live on the edge (and I know a lot of you guys do) root and hack your phone with some amazazazing custom ROM that has everything tweaked and allows you to travel forward in time -- I'm right there with ya, cause it's fun as hell.
But don't worry about how many apps are running on your phone, or about using widgets that tell you these things, because it just doesn't matter anymore. We can't blame OEM's like Samsung for doing it -- it was inevitable with all the brouhaha out there, and some may even say necessary with earlier phones. I promise, this just isn't going to happen:
Reader comments
RAM: What it is, how it's used, and why you shouldn't care
Okay, so I'm a little old school here. And to be honest I'm not really all that into the deeper side of smartphone tech. But as an old school PC man (which really that's what a smartphone seems to be, a handheld PC) i can tell you that one of the easiest, and cheapest, ways to jack up performance is to increase RAM.
Processing speed is only part of the equation, insufficient RAM means your processor is trying to manage traffic thru downtown Boston...
during rush hour...
...in a blizzard.
Double your RAM and suddenly your processor is cruising Autobahn style...in an Aston Martin.
Here's a question I really would like to see an answer to: Why in the name of the Elder Gods is my internal storage disappearing at such an alarming rate?! Ive dumped apps, uninstalled updates, orchestrated a mass exodus to the SD card, erased call logs, message logs...and still i have just barely enough left for the phone to run. I literally can not update anything on my phone or it starts coding (medically speaking). I just don't get it.
This article could be more accurate phones that only have one gigabyte or RAM are going to slow down lock up etc I just bought a new phone which has two gigabytes of RAM and its world of difference. So for the millions and millions of Android users out there that only have one gigabyte of RAM which is current they are still going to have problems using larger apps like Skype and Google maps and navigation apps etc all the same time it's just not going to work right and never has worked right for me I've always had to kill arie move some apps to get the phone to work correctly and this has been the same situation for the last for Android phones I've owned it's just that simple
if more RAM is available I'll buy the phone with more RAM because I want to be able to see video with no lag or buffering which occurs a lot on older 512MB RAM phones but not so much on 2 Gig Ram phones this blog is utter rubbish just because a device has a quad core processor and 512MB of Ram doesn't mean it will perform as well as a quad core with 2 gig of RAM. its not just about being able to go back to something quicker Ram speeds up internet searches hasn't anybody uprated their RAM in their home computer to see how much faster it makes an internet search it reduces the lag a lot, the time it takes to do something. it really makes a big difference between devices. but in saying that the match between processing power and RAM has to be made the manufacturers are currently bunging in old 512MB RAM because it is relatively cheap to use RAM is expensive and so is processing power but the phone industry seem to have the ability to buy cheap processors and still install the cheapest RAM. Mobile ram is even being used in cheap Laptops these days because it is somewhat cheaper than Decent proper computer laptop RAM. single data rate as opposed to double data rate or even DDR3. oh and core is spelt CORE not CAOIR as in the search bar.
Hmm... So this article makes a lot of sense where it explains what RAM is and how it is managed on Android.
But it makes for a very poor defence of Android OS per se, or why it is more efficient compared to other OSes including Desktop OSes:
Fine, Android uses RAM more efficiently and so won't matter much if apps are kept in the RAM or not. But Nobody, I say nobody on this forum has answered these questions, which have been already raised by quite a few sceptics:
1) Why does it choose to load many apps I never use. That seems like very poor management to me? And why does it not choose the correct apps to "pre-load" that I DO actually use?
2) Why is it that there are apps that are running (whether running actively or a stored mem location) for applications that I have not ever launched and do not ever plan too. I have never used "Peep" and others in my life....but yet it consistently appears as a running process. Why?
3) The phone is simple killing apps before the amount of free memory gets so low that the phone lags. But that's either ideal because that kills off multitasking. You leave your browser and the open tabs reload when u re-enter it. Or the (ill coded) game u left for checking your mail resets you to the main menu etc.. So clearly Android is only somewhat better at Multitasking, not a sure winner on this count, right?
4) People are advising that I should just the notifications off, instead of killing the Apps.. Why? Why should the OS randomly keep some Apps - that I never intend to use - in the memory (running or just sleeping) on its own, and then ask me to turn of the notifications so as to not get irritated? Is it not just simple and beautiful to not run those apps in the first place?
5) Yes there are buggy or poorly written apps and it's not Android's fault! Great. So there were viruses on PCs and that was surely not Windows' fault. We all loved vilifying Windows though!
I guess this whole exercise is just to provide an excuse so that apps such as Google services or Facebook are not killed by users (using App Killers, App Managers or by just asking Android to kill apps selectively from "Running Apps" list) and thus they keep to get their hands on the info shared by the users! Other apps are being defended only collaterally!
It is a terrible defence to say that Android keeps some apps in the memory since they're frequently used and/or I should not at all worry about it in the first place since Android manages the RAM really well. To me those Apps running are as good as spam-ware when I don't need them. If Android really manages RAM well, I'm fine with 100% of it getting filled up. But then let Android allow me to choose which are my frequently needed/heavy apps.
If Android was so intelligent to the extent of making that choice for me, those several faithfuls on this very forum - who've been using Android phones for more than a couple of years - won't have complained about facing glitches/lags/delays when starting new apps, or after leaving several apps unclosed for a few days.
Good response to Jerry's very misguided article.
"If you're not using it you're wasting it." is the dumbest thing I've ever heard.
What if you need to start up a resource-heavy app like Maps, but your RAM is already full of crap you don't need?
Quite often, Maps wiil take several minutes to start up, or cause my phone to hang indefinitely. (Samsung Galaxy S2). I often find my destination on my own, well before Maps was able to start up, at which point I rip out the battery, and restart the phone. However, Maps is far more likely to start up successfully, and runs much more smoothly, if I first kill all running tasks and clear the RAM... Clear evidance that Jerry is wrong.
The good news is that I think I have found one of the main bloatware culprits: Facebook!
The Settings->Battery usage graph was showing that Facebook was draining 30% of my battery each day, even though I never use it, and dont even have it logged in. Just doing a "Force stop" on Facebook did not make much difference, but once I uninstalled Facebook, it made a HUGE difference to my phone's overall performance. The Touch-wiz interface, and even Maps now scrolls smoothly, and Maps now starts up in well under a minute! And my Battery clearly lasts much longer too! Getting rid of Facebook was the best thing I could have done for my phone. Now, where can I find that great ZOMG Fast Task killer that Jerry was dissing?
LOL, I think the verdict is this...If you have a phone with less than 500mb of RAM, Task Killers may have a short term benefit to you. Generally though, Task Killers are bad because at the least, they will force the phone to use more power each time you want to access a frequently used app. Sounds like Task Killers are like giving your phone Alzheimer's; loss of all short term memory.
Have to put my two cents in. Whatever else these knowledgeable people know-I know this. Auto Memory Manager saved my life. I am on an Xperia mini 187ram I think. It was unbearable. I found this blog, and over a year I learned so much about which apps out there are system terrors. I also learned that its simply not true that RAM managers are useless. My experience is firmly otherwise. A good RAM manager can make even the most intractable phone, a joy to use. For anyone who knows the sheer frustration of a sticky system, try a good RAM manager. It doesn't hurt.
I'm going to try going a few days without opening up my task killer, just to give your advice a try. Hopefully, it will be as you said, and I will rarely ever have to press that task killing button again. And, hopefully, it will also save battery. My biggest concern is the apps that open in the background that I've never even opened. Are there any knowledgeable "android enthusiasts" that can offer me information about those processes?
I'm trying to get a new Android tablet this Black Friday. But that photo at the end of the article seriously scared me. I have a Palm Pixi Plus, and I get that message all too much. I think I actually heard the beep before looking down at my phone. :p
don't bother ur self with android,believe me u will spend more time fixing it and trying to tweak tweak the system to get the damn device to give u at least a day of work without charging it every few hours and u will give ur self a headache trying to figure out what's causing a jam here and a lag there and why it keeps freezing on this app and on that other app and u will keep jumping on the internet every couple days to figure out how to solve the random reboots and u will jump on the internet again to find out why it gave u this error and that other error !basically u will spent all this wasted time to fix this,that and the other THAN ACTUALLY USING THE DAMN device !!
trust me on this,wether u r a power user or NOT,u still want a device that last u at least a full day without having to charge it and u still want a device that will do the job without u having to worry about bad apps and good apps,without having to worry about ur super doper CPU which does fuck all anyway,and WITHOUT having to be here right now researching why ur phone is doing this or that or the other,trust me,get an ipad and save ur self all this headache and wasted time trying to get the damn thing to work,I know ppl r gona start talking about how limited ios is,and how thiefs apple r , bit the facts talk 4 them selfs : no matter how much ios isis accused of being limited,u will always find the app that serves u 99%OF THE TIME and the system is solid rock from head to toe. this is why apple rocks !
You may be shocked, but most people who use and like Android are doing all the tweaking, and fixing, and flashing custom ROMs, and this, and that mainly for fun and to satisfy the itch of making their device even better than it already is. Bottom line is that for a regular user there is no problem just using the damn device. :) Au contraire, the Apple way is for a user to accept the device exactly as it is, and assume the premise (I can't call it a fact, sorry) of this device being the best just because... because... heck, how could it not be, if Apple says so! :) It's a fundamental difference in mentality -- some people just would not accept a device, however good it is, without the ability to play with it in some ways they (not the manufacturer!) may want to.
I have nothing against Apple products; everyone should be able to use whatever works for them. But Apple fanboys (sincerely, no offence to any and all normal, reasonable Apple users, which there are plenty) are the most brainwashed lot one can possibly imagine... :)))
BTW, looking at your post, it seems like you type faster than you think. Try doing it the other way around, you might like it... :P
Getting back on topic, this was a great article to read, and fun, too. Kudos to Jerry!
I've read the whole article,and that's the bottom line and what it all comes down to : the user should never ever have to worry about these things,the user shouldn't even have any knowledge about these things,the truth and fact is : this is why apple has succeeded and this is why they will continue to succed until other OS makers start getting the idea that users shouldn't worry about any of this.a user wants a device that is power efficient and does the job,does what ever it claims that it can do without any problems,a user DOESN'T want a device that claims to do everything in the world but only does half the job.
the bottom line is: only one manufacturer in the world (until now) has got it right, APPLE .
BOTTOM LINE IS : APPLE ROCKS !!
None of this holds true with my infuse. When the ram becomes high the phone becomes almost unuseable. I always must make sure the ram stays down in order to use the phone properly. The Gingerbread update does not help anything either.
To be fair this article is well written and informative for the average joe. However it offers no details into how to tweak so that the built in memory management works the best and what not. This is what I really want to know. Read my whole comment to find out why. I currently use a samsung epic 4G. And I think android is a good OS. If I didn't I wouldn't still be using the epic I would have looked for something else or went with a frankendevice for webOS.
It took me almost a year to figure/find out on my own what I needed to tweak so that my epic wasn't laggy and didn't have poor battery life. Both are tied to this built in memory management. Out of the box, with large RAM devices there are far too many active tasks things left in RAM from preinstalled apps, widgets, or services and 3rd party apps widgets, or services you don't use. But do use the apps they are part of. The result is bad battery life and laggy OS and apps. Both big negatives everyone complains about.
Downside to this built in memory management is apps that are not currently the one on the screen end up appearing to be closed. Because switching back to an app you didn't "close" using the back button revert to a full or partial original state as if they had been closed. Requiring the user to take steps in the app to return to the state they left the app in. Another reason why information on how to best tweek the built in management should have been in this article. As this is a problem I'm still trying to solve.
This is a problem I do not have using webOS. I bring this up as it's shown in negative light as reason why androids memory management thing is better. Everyone should keep in mind there was a bug that caused the too many cards error to occur prematurely and there has been a fix for a long time now. webOS is similar to a desktop OS as far as running apps. Every app that is open is really open and remains open until closed by the user. So they don't suffer from incorrectly remembered states of apps from being ripped from RAM at the expense of another running app or memory leak (all platforms have this problem). So if the too many cards message wasn't there users would wonder why their app didn't load just like when on a desktop OS you would get a similar message when there is no more memory left to open an app.
App load time doesn't matter on an OS that works like webOS and desktop OSes if you leave frequently loaded apps open. After all most apps on these OSes are only consuming battery and CPU cycles when you are actively using them. Why should the OS dictate to me what apps are closed or left running? when I may need to use every app I just opened. And unless there is a way to tweek it so that the problem from the previous paragraph doesn't happen I will have to say that webOS and desktop OSes have it right in letting the user decide what to close or leave running.
The Too Many Cards error was purged on 1.4.5 Pre's pretty well. Then the Pre2 came out... and TMC was back in force! Fortunately the 2.1 update seems to have mostly fixed it on my Pre2 - but now the proximity sensor is scrambled. (or maybe dropped one to many times).
Informative material for the folks not keen on RAM management. Can there be a similar write-up for App Cache Memory? Can you explain the differences and why it's important?
I have an HTC Incredible. Since the beginning I did a good job managing overall memory. It baffled me that every few months my phone would start wigging out saying "Device Memory Full, Remove Apps to Free Space" followed by constant FCs and random reboots. Checking the device memory always showed ample free space in all areas.
Each time it happened I did a factory reset. Three times in HTC Sense Froyo and once in CM7 Gingerbread (reloaded rom). I was baffled why it kept happening. The folks at the Cyanogen Forum explained about the App Cache Memory. I discovered it is a designated area not always shown in memory stats. Apparently, certain apps like Facebook fill up the App Cache Memory and don't clear it. I started using a daily App Cache Cleaner to keep that area clear. So far I have not experienced the issue in 3-4 months. These apps show the status of the App Cache and what apps are using it up. Of course I am selective to which apps are cleared. As with the task killer I imagine clearing vital apps like widgets etc would screw things up. What is Android Central's take on App Cache Memory?
There are a few things in this article that make no sense to me. While I understand the concepts of what is explained for the most part...I do not understand a few aspects. Why is it that there are apps that are running (whether running actively or a stored mem location) for applications that I have not ever launched and do not ever plan too. I have never used "Peep" and others in my life....but yet it consistently appears as a running process...depending upon which ROM I am running at time of course, Stock ROM included. So the point of it learning and loading this ahead of time, doesn't seem too make much sense, since these apps are never loaded and takes up my RAM...no matter how little it is. Additionally this also means it is taking up power, as little as it maybe as too.
I also don't understand the unused RAM is wasted RAM? Perhaps this is because I am coming from a more Windows oriented background....why don't we always on PC's just fire up all of the programs we use on a daily basis....even if we aren't going to use them right away. I can tell you why....cause after having 25 chrome browsers and 15 windows programs, etc open....the PC starts to slow to a turtle's pace. It just doesn't make any sense to load this stuff when it is not being used. Let the CPU and RAM do its job of swapping the allocations. RAM is there so that you don't have to write to any type of swap space....not to be full of unused apps and then have the system abruptly manage the importance of the app and decide if it needs to kill a process or swap out what is needed.
You have to remember, though, that these devices are running on a *very* different kind of hardware than your Windows PC. Not only is Android running on top of a heavily modified Linux system, the CPU and memory architectures are completely different. It's setup to run this way because it offers the most efficient battery consumption.
On your home PC, if you launch Microsoft Word, the computer shows you the little hourglass (or blue circle if you're modern :) ) and the hard drive light flickers like crazy while Windows determines all the files that need to be loaded and does all it's calculations to determine the size of your screen and how big the tool bars should be and which icons you like to have available and reading your preferences file to know which document view you prefer and *then*, after all that, shows you the application.
The idea in a mobile environment is that the RAM consumes far less power to hold data, so it's more memory efficient to keep the application there once we've done all that work so that next time you want to launch the app, we don't have to do it again. It's already there, which no battery consumed by loading it from the SDCard or using CPU power to figure out all the initial settings.
Again, the way an Android device works is drastically different from a x86 architecture PC, and I think that's where a lot of people's confusion stems from.
TL;DR - The way Android does it is more power efficient than the way Windows does it, and the hardware in an Android device is *designed* for it to work this way. Hardware on a Windows device is not.
This makes more sense. But why does it choose to load many apps I never use. That seems like very poor management to me? And why does it not choose the correct apps to "pre-load" that I DO actually use?
In response to the "unused RAM is wasted RAM" question, I'd like to point out that it is rare to have much free memory on linux systems or modern Windows systems (Vista and Win7) for exactly this reason. Here are two articles about modern Windows memory management that both use similar phrases to describe how (modern) desktop PCs do it. Note that the caching mechanism being described isn't the same as opening all the applications when you start the PC. Windows can free up memory used for caching at any time, but it's not going to kill an application you are "running", so filling your memory with cached applications is VERY different from filling it with "running" applications...wven if you aren't doing anything with them at the time.
nice read
i can say android has had much progress since i'm with a very low end device - htc tattoo. use to slow down like hell when i was on 1.6 with htc sense. for a year now i'm running a custom rom. now it's running with a 2.3.5 version of android and the phone is faster that 2.2, light years away from 1.6....
don't use task killers, if i ever need to kill something i just do it from the manage apps in the settings.
there is a fast reboot app on the market - it also does a good job
:)
Sorry, cant say I dig this article because it leaves the most interessting points untouched. What makes the same device faster with more ram "free" than with less? And what about multitasking?
First of, having free ram isnt useless because it isnt really free (for the most part). It is used as a filecache! My Galaxy S1 really gets slow and laggy when I got less than 40 - 50 MB free.
Of cause, with everythin stock, this wont happen. The phone is simple killing apps before the amount of free memory gets so low that the phone lags. But thats either ideal because that kills off multitasking. You leave your browser and the open tabs reload when u reenter it. Or the (ill coded) game u left for checking your mail resets you to the main menu etc.
The main fault for this lies by samsung for puting just ~340 MB of ram usable for the OS and apps in the Galaxy S1 phones. The S2 with its whopping 1 GB doesnt have that problem at all. Just leave the mim-free-settings at stock and stay away from taskkillers.
But its wrong to say the problem is only in the head of the users. Many Mid- and Entry-Level smartphones still have the same problem, as well as some 2010 high-end devices!
I don't understand how people read this article and still don't get it. "Well, I use a task killer and get a performance upgrade." "Well, I use a task killer and my phone stops messing up." It makes me giggle on the inside.
That being said, excellent post Mr. Jerry. A couple of things I'd like to clarify or point out for those of you who are still misunderstanding the article.
1. From our dear OP: UNUSED RAM IS WASTED RAM. Period.
2. An extremely oversimplified hierarchy of a processor command sequence is as follows: Processor receives task X to do; processor searches all RAM for said program; processor searches all permanent storage for said program. Once found, if not in RAM, program X (or just the important stuff) is loaded into RAM. Processor accesses data from RAM. What this means is when you kill that task that is using all of that precious RAM.. you guessed it. Revert to number one.
3. Filled RAM does NOT use any battery life. If you have 1 million applications showing up as "running" on your task killer because they are all using RAM but no CPU usage, it will have no effect whatsoever on your battery. Killing them, however, will. Background applications that show up on task killers don't necessarily mean they are physically running. Remember, RAM has zero moving parts. The only thing that impacts battery performance in RAM is accessing it through a read/write command.
@mpnalvin: no, you don't get it. But I'm glad you know you don't =) "When you kill an app, it doesn't create wasted space. Either Android or the Linux kernel it runs on will fill that space with something else."
The phone performance you talk about by freeing up used RAM would have already been or could still be perfectly executed by the unused RAM at that point. Ergo, you ABSOLUTELY create wasted space. The only time you don't create wasted space by wiping RAM is if you use 100% of your RAM, 200% of the time. When you kill an app, most task killers wipe that application from all of our resources as if it were never ran. That includes the processor cache and RAM. Later that day, we open the same application. Our phone then has to repeat the exact same sequence it already did (#2 on the list). Not only does this unnecessarily kill the battery, it also makes the access time to that program slower the next time we open it. This doesn't even account for the battery usage for the app to be "killed". That RAM being temporarily used up for a non-running application will be filled with another application if needed anyways, you don't have to free it up for the system.
So you are saying that there is an issue in that the app killers are overzealous. Well, that might well be -- it's one of the many things I don't know, and in fact I do plan to look into this and understand exactly how the app killers work. I want to know, for example, if what the app killer is different from what Android does when it kills an app, and if so, why.
By the way, I am not one of those claiming any increased phone performance by freeing up RAM. My phone (Epic Touch) is capable enough that I doubt I could tell one way or the other. All I want to stop are backgrounded apps that eat my battery, in my case mostly through internet access. I would be very interested to understand how much battery is required to kill an app and reload it versus, say, how much you use for the screen or wireless. I suspect that killing apps and loading from flash to memory are very small loads, but I have no way to obtain data on that. I would much rather have a definite savings in battery from killing a backgrounded app that uses wireless, than a potential savings from reloading the app later.
Perhaps so, but Exynos is still the faster package. Dual channels rarely make a lot of difference and wont compensate for the fact that the OMAP4 is just not that fast. Exynos is king until Kal-El is available.
I'm really disappointed with this thread. Several people have brought up legitimate concerns and experiences, and instead of trying to answer them, the responses are
"I don't believe you"
"You're idiots!"
"Thumbs down."
So, what terrible, awful thing happens if you kill an app via an app killer? The only consequence I see in the article is that you might take a little longer (how much?) to load it back in the next time. That's it? That's the big deal -- loading from RAM instead of flash? For most apps, that delay is inconsequential.
When you kill an app, it doesn't create wasted space. Either Android or the Linux kernel it runs on will fill that space with something else. So you are freeing resources for something else to run, or for data caching to make the phone run smoother. Fine, Android will take care of killing things if resources become too constrained. In the meantime, some of those backgrounded apps seem to be able to use internet access and eat up battery. The argument is that this is preferable to using a task killer that might cause a slight delay the next time I open the app? I don't get it.
Based on my experience, I cannot trust Android apps to behave even if backgrounded. And I cannot trust Android to kill apps that are sucking battery. Could someone knowledgeable actually comment on this and not just tell me I'm an idiot for wanting to preserve my battery life?
OBAMA is President of the united Sates, that does not mean he knows what he is doing,
No offense hackbod,
beafdefx its much much deeper rabbit hole that is being told here.
and some ones position does not mean there beliefs are true.
there is truth in both sides, and we all need to open up our ears and listen to each other, that way we all learn.
from http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2298208/how-to-discover-memory-usage-...
""
Note that memory usage on modern operating systems like Linux is an extremely complicated and difficult to understand area. In fact the chances of you actually correctly interpreting whatever numbers you get is extremely low. (Pretty much every time I look at memory usage numbers with other engineers, there is always a long discussion about what they actually mean that only results in a vague conclusion.)""
BOY IS THAT THE TRUTH !
While I largely agree with you, @odonlow, what @hackbod is trying to do here is educate everyone how the Android OS is *designed* to manager memory. You are correct, though: that is a very complicated process. That's why it has (and I'm sure *is*) been refined so much since Android's inception.
The arguments to be made on the side of killing apps involve not trusting apps to shut down properly, and I agree with that statement. I guess my philosophy on it is that I uninstall apps I discover are eating a lot of juice.
I think that, if running an automated task killer actually makes your phone more stable or improves your batter life, then you have an application that should be removed and down graded in the market for being poorly written. You can use System Panel to monitor an application's active CPU usage and Traffic Monitor to see how much data each app is sending/receiving to the net. Both are free in the Market.
Except that is not how it works. When you use a task killer, you are just forcing Android to fill up the cache every time you kill your apps. This takes battery power and makes the phone more inefficient. In general, if an app killer is helping your battery it is because you have an app that is poorly written and causing the problem. Using an app killer to manage a poorly written app is throwing the baby out with the bathwater. You would be much better served by figuring out which app is the problem and uninstalling that and your app killer.
Android is just the OS, it cannot tell if you (or the developer) intended an app to run in the background using up battery. Poorly written apps are not the fault of the OS and using a task killer rather than leaving poor ratings for bad apps is just magnifying the problem.
I don't disagree with this at all. But I draw a different conclusion that you do. I assume the following:
1) There are badly written apps on the market that eat battery when backgrounded
2) It is not always easy to tell before installing that a given app falls into the battery-eating category. Maybe some versions of the app do and other don't. Maybe the key comment on this is comment #4000 out of 10000.
3) Even if an app does eat battery when backgrounded, it might be otherwise useful. It might be the only app available that fulfills some function, or it may be proprietary, or I might just like it apart from the battery-eating. In this case, I might not want to uninstall it.
In this situation, it seems quite reasonable to run the app, then kill it. The information from hackbod agrees with my assessment that Android cannot at present tell that the app is behaving badly. The choices are uninstall it, or run it and kill it.
Frankly, I can't believe that filling the cache is a huge battery drain. You're talking about a RAM-to-RAM copy. That should be one of the least energy and time-intensive functions on the phone. If that is killing my battery, I have way bigger problems. Even if it's flash-to-RAM, it's only doing the same thing as starting a new app would do. Do you believe that I should limit the number of apps I start to preserve battery life?
So here's what I'm saying and what I'm not saying. I'm not saying "look how stupid Android is -- it can't even manage its own memory." I'm not attacking Android. I'm not suggesting that everyone should run some automated task killer that kills things every 10 minutes. All I'm saying is that while we're waiting for an app developer to find my comment about battery usage on Android market and fix their code, I might nevertheless want to use that app, and if I do, using a task killer seems like a legitimate short-term workaround.
Trying to talk about this is difficult. This is not just because opinions are strongly held. It is also because memory and process management is complicated, and apparently on Android it is more complicated than most because it seems you have essentially two OS views of memory (Android and Linux) each with their own process and memory models.
Finally, on the issue of whether badly written apps are the fault of the OS, it is easy to say "it's not Android's fault." But I think even this issue is more complicated than it appears. Would you agree, for example, that viruses are not Windows' fault? Windows does not contain apis designed to support viruses, but the way it was written made it an easy target. So even though Windows was certainly not designed to be a host for viruses, the design enabled them and Microsoft took it upon themselves to modify the OS to prevent them. Could Android do something to prevent poorly written apps? Could it do more to help users recognize battery-intensive apps either in the market or as they are running? I don't know. But I do know that if I were working on Android, it's something I would be thinking about.
when i reboot my nexus s,the facebook app is always on the Running app section on Manage App even if i didnt open the app already.Does it means it was running and consume battery?Is it better to kill the app that you are not frequently use?
Running does not mean consuming power, it means the app is consuming RAM because it has said it needs to be kept around because it *may* need to do something and hasn't otherwise set up anything to have the system take care of launching it.
To take Facebook as an example, it may have a network connection being kept open all of the time to Facebook's servers, so that any time the server detects something that may be of interest to you it can immediately send that down to the app. Sitting there with the network connection open (mostly) doesn't take any battery power; battery will only be consumed when there is actual data activity on the connection.
Still, RAM is often a precious resource, and one really doesn't want 10 apps all sitting there with continually open network sockets. (Partly because in fact they do take a *little* power, because there does need to be some occasional data going through it to keep the connection alive. One won't be noticeable, but 10x that will start to be.)
Android has a number of facilities to allow applications to avoid this. A common one is to use the alarm manager to have the app wake up at a regular interval to check in with a server. You will often see this with for example e-mail apps, where you set them to update every 15 minutes or so. Note though that this actually can be more expensive on the battery than keeping a network connection open -- launching the app and establishing a network connection does take power, so doing this too often will causing a noticeable drain on your battery. That is why we recommend that apps don't do this kind of polling more than every 15 minutes.
Another solution is Google's "Cloud to Device Messaging" service. Google's own apps do need to keep a constant network connection open to Google's servers. This single connection is shared across all of Google's apps, from tickling gmail to tell it there are new messages it should fetch, to poking Market to have it install an app you have selected on the web site.
Google provides an API for this constant connection so that other developers can also make use of it. They can register with Google's application that maintains this connection, to have it wake up their app if data appears on it for that app. Then in their server they can connect with Google's server to have it send a tickle to a particular app on a particular phone, to have it wake up and do whatever is needed -- check for mail, get a status update, etc.
I don't understand why apps like Facebook & Skype continue to use RAM when I've turned off all auto refreshes and notifications. The reason I like to keep my RAM clear is because when it gets full, my app menu (stock Nexus) takes forever to load (does this mean it is getting kicked out?).
Just like Jerry said in the article, if you use the Facebook app a lot, Android has decided that it's advantageous to leave it cached in memory so that it can be accessed quickly. Your RAM should never really get "Full" unless you've got a badly written app that is allocating RAM and not properly releasing it when it's done. The OS has a "minimum available RAM" threshold, and when that is hit, it will unload those cached applications to make more room. Although I personally have noticed a big difference in battery performance between having the Facebook app's notifications turned off, If you've got them disabled, it should not be using battery just sitting in memory. Check how often the Accuweather app is updating. Some of those weather apps like to update like every 15 minutes and that can affect battery life.
I never actually see "Full", what I notice is that things start to get a little slow as Android "unloads" old processes to "load" things I'm trying to open (ie. App drawer). Since moving to GPA17 (from Stock), I've noticed this happening less often.
Here is a little information (from Android's App Manager)
All of these show up under Running Processes, NOT Cached Processes.
I had a Best Buy rep argue about this with me when I picked up my TBolt. Never mind the fact that this is my 4th Android phone, nor the fact that I had been using the platform for more than two years at that point. She told me it was ABSOLUTELY MANDATORY that I install a task killer first thing. I tried to talk some sense into her, and even told her that her advice was actually more harmful than good, but she refused to listen. I really wish the sales reps were a little more well versed with this. Thank you for telling the world the truth.
Great write up Jerry. I think people coming from a BlackBerry are more prone to installing and using task killers. Having helped a great many people get accustomed to their new Android devices, one of the first questions former BB users ask is, how do I close apps? I think most Verizon reps would rather just install ATK than explain what you have in this post.
Thank you. I cringed the other day when a friend sent me a link to a ZDNet article listing the top 20 Android apps of 2011, and Advanced Task Killer was #2. Here's the author's blurb about ATK:
"One of the realities of having a multitasking mobile OS is that you have to manage your apps so that they don’t hurt performance or battery life. Advanced Task Killer (ATK) is my favorite on Android. It even comes with a widget that you can tap once to kill all open apps and you can also set up ATK to kill all apps at periodic intervals. Some people will argue that task managers are irrelevant and unneeded in Android, but I still prefer to use ATK."
Ugh! One of the realities of having a multitasking mobile OS is that there will always be idiots out there claiming that the users has to do the work that the OS is already designed to do.
Well I'm new enough to Android that the last graphic was well over my head. It makes sense, although my understanding of RAM is coming from Windows (XP and more recently Win7). Thanks for clearing things up. When my contract is up I'm getting into Android. Thanks for clearing things up. I guess I need to do some research into a Task Killer vs. a Task Manager.
Thanks for the write-up. I look forward to more of these superb and informative articles
They're pretty much the same thing. Generally, though, when someone refers to a "Task Killer", they're talking about something that's automatically killing off memory-resident tasks on some kind of schedule. This will usually cause all kinds of flakiness with the phone since they often kill of important system tasks.
Say what you want, RAM does matter, I have found going from the 512MB Samsung Infuse to the 1024MB Epic Touch. The Infuse would run put of memory and reset or threaten to reset (freeze for long moments) regularly. Playing Chuzzle, whenever my Newsreader would fire off to update my feeds the phone would vibrate and if I didn't exit Chuzzle right away the phone would eventually freeze or reset. Having the exact same combination of apps running on the Epic and it hasn't happened yet. I suspect the OS was struggling to fulfill the memory requests of both programs and the other background and OS memory needs and starting spitting up. We can point fingers at one or the other of the programs all we want, but I want to run both of them at the same time and don't want the hardware to constrain me. This isn't the only time thie would happen, but the most recreatable.
I think it would be accurate to say their is a sweet spot for RAM and after a certain amount it's wasted. But, the more RAM installed, the programs can remain resident and the faster they will launch. That sweet spot might ave been 512m in the past, but I think it definitely is 1GB now, and as programs and systems needs grow more complicated in the future, we will want more in our future devices.
Remember the "nobody will ever need more than 640kb" quote attributed to Bill Gates? Well it is about as true in Android as it was for MS based systems. I agree that allowing task killers to automatically kill programs isn't a necessary, but there are still time where killing a running program are necessary, especially on phones with limited RAM installs and that my friends is why memory still matters.
You're probably spot-on here, but you're missing the point of the article. Jerry's not saying the devices shouldn't have more RAM. I don't think anyone's saying that. He's saying that running some kind of a automated task killer that arbitrarily kills off everything in memory every 15 minutes does not make the phone faster or more battery efficient.
It sounds like the problem you're having is exactly what you said: Chuzzle and your news reader probably both take up a huge amount of RAM and the system has difficulty coping. Android can kill off applications in memory that aren't active, but if you're actively trying to run multiple applications at the same time that require more memory than the phone has to give, nothing can help you there. Check and make sure you don't have something like Gun Bros or Wave Launcher running as a service and consider uninstalling them if you do. Try and free of memory that way. Might help...
I don't know ... it sounds to me like you're confusing backgrounded processes with memory caching. At the OS level, these are quite different. Say you load an app. That app will become a process, but in addition, the pages you read from "disk" will be cached. If you close that app and then load it again, the kernel will first look in the cache, so the hit you take on opening the app is not that big.
The difference between a backgrounded app and disk pages for an app in the cache is that an app in the cache is not running. It is not in the background chewing up battery life (an issue I consider just as important as ram). For example, I downloaded an airline app a couple of nights ago, planning for a trip. After doing some playing, I backgrounded it and went to bed. When I got up the next morning, I was surprised to see a big chunk of battery life gone versus normal. Android obviously didn't kill that app. It let it go on accessing the internet periodically, and eating up battery. Now let's say I still want to use the app. What is the alternative to killing it afterwards?
When process killing was introduced in Linux, it was not portrayed as "hey, Linux will take care of all your processes for you." On the contrary, it was more like "well, if there's no other option, we'll keep the system going by killing something." When Android kills a process, it does a hard kill. The app has no opportunity to save work, so if you were in the middle of something then backgrounded it to do something else, you might just lose all your work.
All this "Android managing your applications" stuff sounds like marketing to me. The truth as I understand it is that on a Linux kernel, the kernel will kill apps if it runs out of memory. Android has no say in the matter. It sits on top of Linux and uses Linux memory management. I've read through this article and the one posted by Milo from a Google engineer. Battery life is never addressed. Until it is, I still think there is a place for task killers.
Android doesn't work like a normal Linux system in this regard. It effectively treats background processes as a cache of available RAM. The system is designed so that any processes in the background are safe to kill at any time. When Android needs more memory, it can freely hard kill any of those processes to get it.
In fact there is a kernel module Android adds to Linux that does just this as part of the kernel's core memory management. This runs instead of the Linux kernel's normal out-of-memory handler, which just doesn't operate the way Android wants. The stock Linux version is really a last resort "OMG there is no RAM I've gotta get rid of something, anything, NOW" thing. Android has a much more managed approach, where it keeps processes in various well defined states indicating which processes can be safely killed, and strict ordering in how decisions are made about which to kill.
There are numerous ways that a poorly written application can drain your battery, and this doesn't have to involve it just doing stuff while it is in the background. For example, it can set up an alarm that repeats very often to cause it to wake up the device and briefly run (in the foreground).
Hopefully the battery usage UI will identify such apps for you, so you can get rid of them and give them a low ranking in Market. It isn't possible to force developers to write good apps, but we do want to give users enough information to know when apps are not working well so they can deal with them.
Excellent! This is much more in the ballpark of what I was looking for. I appreciate you taking the time to answer. I would like to know more about how Android process and memory management interacts with Linux process and memory management at an OS level. The docs I've found (including the one you posted) seem aimed more at developers, which is understandable. However this is probably not the right place to ask. Maybe I'll just have to dig into the AOSP code.
The procedure of ranking misbehaving apps in the Market is OK, I suppose, but I wish there were something better. For example, how about a system notification that says "hey, when you weren't using your phone, app X consumed a lot of battery power doing internet. Is that OK with you?" I believe you do have an API for detecting the power situation, and obviously you do keep statistics on what apps use the battery. The biggest problem for me as a user is that I don't want to have to play nanny to every app I install, checking to see if it is doing something bad, or has installed a service that is doing something bad. I would LIKE to trust Android to manage things. It would help if Android gave me more feedback, essentially automating the process you described above of using the battery UI.
Check out System Panel in the Market. For $3, you can get the Pro version that will give you historical readings on CPU activity and battery drain going back up to one week. That way, if you notice your batter took a big hit, you can fire up System Panel and see which apps have been using a lot of CPU time.
What you suggest would be nice. Maybe they'll get it in someday, but that's what I use for now.
The problem here is that somehow Android has to know when an application is doing something that you think is bad vs. when it isn't, or else it will be bugging you all of the time about things you don't care about. And not only would doing this require that it be able to identify a bad app from a good app (something that in most cases is impossible), it also actually has to identify apps that are doing things an individual user wants vs. what they don't.
I guess you could imagine a UI where it tells you about what is going on, and lets you say "oh I am fine with this" so it won't tell you about it any more (unless the app starts behaving differently in some way, in which case it will need to nag you again). For most users, I think this would be a terrible experience -- they just wants something that works and being told about things that they not only don't understand but are now being asked to make some judgement on is a nightmare.
If you are an advanced user who does care about this stuff, feel free to go into the battery usage and running services UI to see what is going on, which will give you all the information the platform has. (Oh and btw the Running Services UI in Gingerbread is greatly improved from earlier releases.)
Great writeup as always, Jerry. Like most of us, I am forced to having to use trial and error for the most part to solve problems on my Droid X. I had almost succumbed to using a memory management app to cure the spontaneous reboots every 3 days, or so, which seemed to correlate to the diminishing available internal memory.
At that point, I replaced the DX for a non-related mechanical problem, and to my surprise, the reboots are gone, even after 2 weeks, and available memory sometimes in the teen MB's. The long and short of it is that I'm back in the fold, and letting Android do its memory management.
RAM for your PC is cheap. RAM designed to fit inside such a small device and generate very little heat is not quite so cheap. Then, of course, there's always a limit to just how much space they have inside the thing. It's not magic :)
I have a CDMA Desire running.. CM7.. don't know if I flash it correctly with the latest stable mod, but something might not be right with the partition...
I have plenty of RAM I see currently 113MB used and 240 Free... but the Internal Storage is what is the problem, I only have 23MB left... I am constantly having to clear Cache and clearing Data on apps, cause I get that annoying... Low Storage Space warning...
What am I doing wrong... I moved all the apps I can move to the SD card, what is left are Widgets and System Apps...
And there are a lot more Apps I want such as Google Earth that simply won't fit...
If CM7 supports A2SD, you can create an ext3/ext4 on your SD. This is like the apps2SD feature of Android since Froyo, but a bit different. The partition will exclusively be used by your system to install apps. It will use it automatically. You don't have to manually move your apps to the secure SD folder and it works for all apps - even those not designed to be installed on the SD. It's like an extension of your phone's internal memory.
I use A2SD on my Nexus One running MIUI. Nexus One has a very limited internal memory - about 150-ish MB usable, which is just not enough. But with A2SD (I partitioned 1GB of ext4), I don't get the low mem notification anymore.
Solid-state refers to the physical makeup of the RAM (e.g. silicon circuits instead of a platter and head) and not to it's persistence. Solid-state devices consist of circuits and have no moving parts. Jerry's use was correct.
@galfert is correct, since their is no such thing as platter-based Random Access Memory. Solid-State "Memory" or "Storage" is a correct term (even if Memory is a bit misleading in that usage), but Solid-State RAM is a misnomer. All RAM is inherently solid-state.
I knew it sounded awkward. So thank you TenshiNo for clearing it up. Technically RAM is solid-state but it is a misnomer I agree. It is like saying "I'd like some French Champagne." Now I know that there are wine makers that label their stuff Champagne rather than sparkling wine but that doesn't make it right. If you know then you know.
Solid-state refers to the physical makeup of the RAM (e.g. silicon circuits instead of a platter and head) and not to it's persistence. Solid-state devices consist of circuits and have no moving parts. Jerry's use was correct.
In my experience, free RAM *DOES* matter... but not in the way the article states. I do agree that a task killers should only be used to shut down misbehaving apps (and with Gingerbread, you can simply use the Running tab instead of an application)
The problem that I've encountered on my Nexus One is that there can be too many things trying to stay resident -- mostly customizations like WaveLauncher, Go Launcher EX, etc. All of these fight to stay in memory.
What happens is that Android tries to squeeze all of these things into RAM ... PLUS the active application. If the application requests more RAM suddenly, Android OS has to stop to shut down other applications. This usually happens fairly quickly, but does introduce some noticeable stutter on occasion. HOWEVER, this may happen regularly depending on what's happening with the app.
For example, I got Dungeon Hunters from Gameloft's Labour Day weekend giveaway. Whenever I summoned a creature (mage skill) it noticeably chops up. It did this every time I summon it (which is frequent, as it's your "tank"). I uninstalled Smart Taskbar which freed up ~20MB RAM. It now only chops up the first time per level I summon it, instead of all the time.
I believe what's happening is that when DH is requesting RAM for the summoned creature, Android garbage collects parts or all of an resident app, then reloading (parts of) other applications when the creature dies (and RAM is freed). It then happens every time.
And yes, I have experienced a couple reboots while playing DH before I removed Smart Taskbar. The RAM situation may have contributed to it.
Thanks for the info on this. I was curious if anyone out there experienced these type of reboots before. My biggest reboot culprit is when I'm using google maps. I use it fairly often and sometimes while navigating I'll get an abrupt reboot. Sometimes i get 2 abrupt reboots and then I say something is wrong. It quite awhile for me to figure this out.
I first downloaded a task killer when I noticed Sprint Nav had been running on my Evo for 3 hours still tracking my GPS even though I had reached my destination. I use it almost never now though and only for apps I know I will not be using soon, are not system related, or I fear my be poorly coded or using resources. The thing that made me and many of my family want to kill tasks is when we would see demo crapware (blockbuster on sprint) constantly showing up even though we had never ever used the app and never wanted to. That was when I began loosing faith in the systems ability to kill apps and wanted a level of control myself. Carriers are loading up too much crap we never use and having it auto run even though we have never used it. IT'S THEIR FAULT FOR THE TASK KILLER OBSESSION
That was very very well explained.. Even this electric lineman/ android noooooob pretty much understood it.. Thank you..
When I first got my TB & realized how bad the battery was, I went to verizon to find out what I could do to make it last longer.. They turned everything off, all animations & what ever else but most importantly they put a big ole task killer on it & said... Make sure you use this after you use anything on your phone.. Apps, games, radio.. Everything.. I noticed that my battery that was lasting only 6 hours was now lasting 4.. So I went back to verizon being the noob I am and said my battery is worse.. Oh now its my charge port.. So Yup they sent me a promised new phone but I got a LIKE NEW one instead.. Well I was not happy.. Long story short. I googled android phones.. Went thru about 10 different sites until I found android central(not a joke).. I started reading & reading.. 1st thing I did.. DELETE THE TASK KILLER.. Phone was lasting 6 ish hours again.. Got an extended battery & followed some other advice I read.. Now my phone lasts 24 hours.. Usually.. I will never root Cuz I will destroy my phone.. So I have to do the basics. Anyway again.. Thanks for all the good advice & explaining things to an android idiot...
I think alot of people's paranoia come from not knowing if apps that are running and using RAM are using battery. For example if it didn't matter if blockbuster city id and v-cast were taking up RAM then how come we notice such an improvement in battery life when we remove or freeze it from our phone? I myself no longer use atk because I understand the value of having apps run off of RAM that are frequently used. When I did have atk all of the processes that would restart such as gmail text messaging or bloatware I would have on my ignore list. But I still am confused as to why I would receive better battery life with bloatware removed if it really doesn't matter if its running off of RAM.
Probably because those apps were "pinging" back to some internet server. Try an app called "System Panel" in the market. I like it because it will actually show you what state loaded app are in, like Background, Visible or Service. If an application is running as a service, that means that it is periodically doing some kind of work. Many of the free games like Gun Bros actually do this, and you will periodically get notifications about "Double XP Weekend!" or some such. Things like this will cause slightly more battery drain, since it's basically pinging the 'net every X number of a minutes to see if it should give you that message.
Also, we have to face the fact that much of the bloatware that the carriers place on these phones is not always the highest of quality code.
I heard that if you run out of ram your system could abrubtly reboot. Can canyone confirm/deny this? My OG Droid does this from time to time. I checked out running processes and ive elminated some of these apps and/or widgets. My phone is dreadfully slow from time to time. I did install a task killing program to keep things from popping up into memory from time to time (Google+, Google Googles). Yes I do use these but I use them when I want to use them. I dont need notifications to tell me certain things (I do disable notifications) but even after a reboot these program come and lurk into memory. So I have to restort to this until I get a replacement phone w/ more than 168Meg of useable memory. Any thoughts on this?
The system is designed to automatically "pull" applications that haven't been used in a while out of memory when the system reaches a certain threshold of available RAM.You shouldn't experience a reboot because the system ran out of memory. The only times you should really experience problems with "running out of" memory is if you have a rogue app that's eating up a ton of memory and not releasing it properly.
Like Jerry said in the article, you use significantly less power "holding" an application in memory than you do loading it from scratch off the SDCard.
I'm sure most people have Android phones that have 384MB of RAM or less, which means these apps are still useful for most. I found some apps I infrequently used would not close once I stopped using them. Photon's task manager helps with these apps. It seems to help.
If you want to cry myth, do it. But I own a Samsung Fascinate and left the stock Task Manager on it. You know why? Because my phone locks up so bad it becomes unusable until I KILL ALL APPS IN TASK MANAGER. Now I am not a genius and know much less than probably you, but whether it is a Ram allocation problem or application conflicts or whatever, THE TASK MANAGER FIXES MY PROBLEMS EVERY TIME. To make a blanket statement saying that all task managers are unusable is stupid. What arrogant journalism.
Sounds like you have one (or a few) apps that are misbehaving. Instead of killing all of them, try killing them one a a time and see if you can isolate whats causing the problem.
If this is the case, then you aren't right to generalize from "useful for fixing my problems" to "useful for most". It may well be right even if this isn't the case. My G1 needed a task killer running Andriod 1.x. Running unofficial builds of 2.x (admittedly heavily tweaked) it ran fine without one.
The myth is not that everyone *needs* a task killer, but that *everyone* needs a task killer. That's not true - or at least, not with modern versions of Android on modern phones. There may be people running poorly written apps, or unusual mixes of apps, that need a task killer. However, a poorly written task killer is more likely to cause problems than other applications, and task killers are much harder to write well than most application.
For instance, my Droid 3 runs *better* without Motorola's task killer than it did with it. The task used more memory than it saved. All it ever did was interrupt my music players and book readers if I used them for long periods of time - which was a common thing for me to do!
Bottom line - don't install a task killer because someone tells you you need one. If your phone starts misbehaving, try one and see if that fixes the problems. You can stop there, or you might try and figure out what is causing the problems, and decide if it's worth putting up with having a task killer and whatever problems that may cause to keep using.
I bet you if you kill just one app at a time, you'll soon find the app that's messing with your phone. It's not "ALL APPS" that need to be killed. You just have to find the wrong one you installed that isn't, for whatever reason, playing nice with your phone. These things sometimes happen, can't really help it. Once you find it, uninstall it and see how things go from there. I think you'll be much happier :-)
As of Android 2.2 (Froyo), task killers can not do anything that the platform itself does when it needs more RAM. That is, kill processes that are already in the background and in a state where they are safe to kill.
You're missing the point a bit, I think. No one is saying that task managers in and of themselves are bad. It's the ones that automatically kill of tasks that cause the real problems. The task manager that Samsung put on the phone by default is (hopefully) smart enough not to try and kill off important system processes.
I would say that if you repeatedly have this problem, you might try and track it down to a specific application that is not probably "sleeping" when it's placed in a background state. I have come across a few of these in the Market.
One task manager I really like is called System Panel, since it will actually show you all the active tasks in memory and even show you the amount of CPU being used per task, in addition or a master CPU usage graph. The paid version will even let you track CPU/Memory usage and battery consumption over time, which can really help track down apps that are not sleeping properly.
The concern here is to not over use task managers like a shotgun solution in a "kill everything" method. You *shouldn't* have to. I'd be willing to bet if you tracked down the real cause of your problems, not only would your battery life improve, but you'd spend less time having to get into task manager and hit the "Kill All" button :)
MOST may have loads of memory
but the old My touch 3g has 96MG and a task killer made that device run just fine, great even !
The Idea that killing the MAIL application will make you stop receiving Email is WRONG, and saying that , shows us you don't us or understand Linux at all, services will just restart, obviously you never tried it !
your point, tho , that Task killers are less needed is good for devices that have more memory, however some applications ARE poorly written, and killing them can avoid a reboot!
So to all of you " BLUE MEANIES " that just have to 'declare all task killers for any reason are evil', stop it, your dead wrong !
Task Killers are just another tool, in the tool chest.
not the end all of all tools, but useful sometimes.
MOST may have loads of memory
but the old My touch 3g has 96MG and a task killer made that device run just fine, great even !
The Idea that killing the MAIL application will make you stop receiving Email is WRONG, and saying that , shows us you don't us or understand Linux at all, services will just restart, obviously you never tried it !
your point, tho , that Task killers are less needed is good for devices that have more memory, however some applications ARE poorly written, and killing them can avoid a reboot!
So to all of you " BLUE MEANIES " that just have to 'declare all task killers for any reason are evil', stop it, your dead wrong !
Task Killers are just another tool, in the tool chest.
not the end all of all tools, but useful sometimes.
Most people? I'd be surprised if that was true. Even phones that are 18+ months old were released with 512mb RAM. I'd say 512mb is the majority, with most phones in the last year being 768mb to 1gb.
I realize a task killer may be beneficial to some in this case if they do have a really old phone with ~384mb RAM, but the problem is blatant misuse/lack of education with the task killer. It may speed up their phone in some spaces, but overall its hurting their experience constantly purging all the processes in RAM.
The problem is that so many Android fans in the days of old, who cut their teeth on android 1.2 have grown up and take jobs at mall kiosks selling Android phones.
They wear Id cards, wear ties, say Yes Sir, and continue to spout gratuitous nonsense about task killers. They will often install one for anyone that buys from them without even asking. They pontificate and sound all knowledgeable and serious.
And they are universally wrong.
Its our Duty to our fellow Android enthusiast to brow beat these clowns into submission. Grab them by the wattles and slap them till they spit if you have to, but don't let them install task killers on customer's phones.
you know i'm a fellow android enthusiast as well and i'm an agent for us cellular but i dont go around putting task killers or recommend them either..i always have to uninstall them for customers because they come in crying about there phone acting weird and i look and there running task killers...as an agent from us cellular all my employees know not to interfere with any task because of the way android was design to manage itself...i know plenty enough around android so i would appreciate that next time dont just say we all do that when we really dont. thanks a-hole.
You sound like the type of customer that I hate helping. I work for att and I hate when people come in the store with the know it all attitude trying to belittle the reps. To my knowledge none of my reps use a task killer and have warned custs about using them.
So to say we are all wrong is ignorant. And your rally cry against mobility reps really makes you sound like a dick head. Grow up little man
maybe you don't but the majority of reps do not and I know from experience....and I hate reps that think they know everything when they don't....their like vultures in cell phone stores just leave me alone you do not know as much as most of us that freguent sites like this...I'm a informed customer and don't need the reps telling me things I've known for years
I as an "Android enthusiast" do not plan to 'brow beat' anyone. If I go in to a store and notice they are recommending a task killer I would talk to them and ask them why. After hearing their explanation I would tell them what I know about Android RAM and tasks. Informing them in a constructive way.
Approaching it this way will go a lot further then acting like an ass.
OK, guys. He might have been a little mellow-dramatic in his wording, but he has at least a little bit of a point here. When I bought my Evo4G last year, the Sprint rep did exactly what @icebike is talking about. He activated the phone and then immediately installed ATK and set it to "Aggressively" auto-kill applications. Luckily, I knew better and had it uninstalled before I got to the car. I even had another rep try to re-install it when I brought the phone in with concerns about WiMax connectivity.
We realize that not *every* rep out there does this, but many do. I have had about 8 friends get Android phones in the past few months and almost all of them were running ATK or something similar. When I asked them about it, they all said "I don't know. The cell phone guy put that on there."
It *is* happening. And while I don't agree that we need to beat anyone up over it (I'm hoping he was just exaggerating to make a point), we should point out to these people why it's a bad idea. There are still self-proclaimed Android gurus out there extolling the virtues of automated task killers.
2. Android is not doing a good enough job managing memory on higher RAM devices.
#1 is pretty much self-explanatory, but #2 is where an explanation is probably needed. Oh, and for the purposes of the discussion below, "RAM" and "memory" mean the same thing.
The fact is, on ANY operating system, the thing that is going to give you your biggest "bang for your buck" performance increase is a RAM upgrade (up to the OS's point of drastically diminishing returns). Now, I don't mean to a faster rated RAM (you'd be lucky to see a benchmarked increase of 5%, which is practically unnoticeable in the real world), but rather MORE RAM (i.e. going from 2GB to 4GB or even 4GB to 8GB).
This is because with more memory, you don't have to swap the apps out of RAM to disk, or "permanent storage" if you prefer (hard drives are on the order of 3 orders of magnitude slower than RAM and flash storage is on the order of 1-2 orders of magnitude slower, with an order of magnitude being 10 to the power of (order of magnitude)).
Android is (NOW) great at managing memory for RAM constrained devices. However, the number one problem that high-end app programmers have to deal with right now is heap memory size allocation.
This is a problem because...
(a) large, complex, and powerful programs, like games, for example, require a lot of RAM BECAUSE of the size of the data sets they are dealing with, the actual program code is a small fraction of the size of the data sets and,
(b) no matter how much RAM a device may have (there was a dual boot tablet demo'd/announced for Windows/Android with 2GB RAM back in March, http://www.androidcentral.com/dual-booting-android-windows-7-viewpad-10-... ) Android will not increase the amount of heap RAM allocated to programs, (there is not even a mechanism for the developer to REQUEST a larger allocation, unless the device is rooted, which MOST aren't).
To add insult to injury, a developer can't just start multiple instances of apps and transfer data between them IN RAM (swapping to flash storage defeats the purpose because it is so slow and it is why you want to keep everything in RAM in the first place) because one of the greatest protections of the Java based Android is the sandbox that the OS creates for each running app so they won't crash each other and/or so a malicious app cannot do any damage to other running apps or the OS. OK, this last is both good and bad, but in the context I'm writing it, it is a negative to creating more powerful apps.
So, let's say you want to port your favorite game from the PC to Android. You have a game that only runs well in 8GB RAM with a high-end graphics card to take care of the current state-of-the-art graphics and physics engines. However, when you move to an Android device with about 512MB RAM per core (the current state of the art for single and dual core processors) AND you have to deal with the program memory allocation issue, it becomes practically impossible.
OK, there ARE a couple pretty good games on Android now... good compared to portable game players (and a testament to the genius of their programmers). However, will not even be in the same ball park as PC games in realistic graphics, physics, game play, etc. until AT LEAST the memory issue is resolved.
Now you might say, let's just develop in Adobe Flash's upcoming 3D version (Flash 12?). The problem is that because Flash is a (manageable) memory hog on the PC, it becomes a nightmare for complex stuff on Android.
The bottom line is that RAM is cheaper and provides a bigger bang for the buck than CPU power, but CPU is sexier.
For example, with Windows XP, the minimum requirements were 256MB RAM, with 512MB-1GB recommended. However, to get the best performance, you really needed a minimum of 2GB to get to the 90+% of the RAM based performance improvement. With Vista the min was 1GB, with 2GB recommended, with 4GB to get to the 90+% mark. With Win7, the specs are supposed to be the same, but really you want 6-8GB to get to the 90+% point. (90+% being my arbitrary point of drastically diminishing returns (for every day users, not hardcore gamers).
While Linux will run at a given performance level with about 1/2 the RAM of Windows, it still benefits approximately the same with increases in RAM.
So, even if your device had double or even quadruple the memory it currently has, you wouldn't be able to run more POWERFUL programs. The device would appear snappier because more DIFFERENT programs could be run at the same time, avoiding loading/unloading programs all the time, but not more powerful programs.
PS. Ok, this is a pet peeve of mine, but can we PLEASE stop calling hard disks and flash storage "memory"?!? Hard disks and flash storage should be referred to as either "disk" or "permanent storage" to avoid confusion.
(2) The memory allocation limit only applies to the Dalvik heap; most games are written in native code (because they build on C++ cross-platform game engines), so have never had such a constraint. (This does mean such apps need to take a lot more care in their memory management.... but that's native code for you.)
(3) An application can certainly run itself in multiple processes if it wants to, and each of these has its own Dalvik VM with its own heap and its own limit. I don't know why you are going in the direction of actually having multiple applications to do this, that doesn't really make sense.
Regarding #1 above, not all versions/manufacturer/carrier releases of Android support all of these features. If you want to support a wide variety of devices, your choices are more limited. In addition, even if you use native code, you still need to deal with Android garbage collection on the non-native code apps. The garbage collection is very aggressive and repetitive (meaning it will collect the stop for a bit, then collect again) and each time it collects memory, there will be a lag in the system as all other activities appear to wait while garbage collection is happening.
BTW, the getLargeMemoryClass () the link pointed me to just reinforces my point. I really don't get where you are coming from here as the discussion is about RAM constrained devices (pretty much all of the Android devices right now).
Regarding #2 above, even with native code you are still limited to how much memory you can use because of garbage collection issues (as mentioned above). Because of this, MORE RAM IS BETTER!
Regarding #3 above, yes, you CAN run an app in multiple processes, as I stated in my original post, but they cannot communicate (send data back and forth) with each other IN RAM. This is problematic if you have large data sets and are having to dump the data to flash storage (regardless of its speed (and file system), based on the current flash used in these devices) and pull it back again to process in another thread. If you can't figure out why running multiple processes is better than running a single process, especially on multi-core CPU's, then I can't help you there.
Regarding #4 above, I really don't see what is so complicated about what I've said. A single core Android device typically has 512MB of RAM. All of the dual core devices have 1GB of RAM. 1 core times 512MB = 512MB RAM. 2 cores times 512MB = 1GB RAM. As you said, "WTF?"
The bottom line is more RAM/memory the better for creating truly powerful apps, especially if you want to have apps that can truly take advantage of the current and forthcoming powerful CPU's that these Android devices will have in the next 6-12 months (and beyond). Frankly, I'd like to see double the RAM that is being put into the devices (i.e. 1GB per core, I'll let you do the math.)
While you are partially correct in some of your comments about adding more RAM providing performance boost, I'm not sure that you understand the concepts of coding for a "mobile" device. Firstly, adding more RAM is not quite as trivial as you make it sound, since these devices are substantially smaller than your average desktop PC and have limits to how many chips they can cram in there, and even tighter limits to how much heat they can generate. Event RAM will generate heat, and a small form-factor device like a cell phone doesn't have an active cooling system, so heat must be carefully balanced to performance.
The only changes you should see to the API, especially code written in C++ using the NDK, is between different versions of Android. I'm not of aware of any hardware manufacturer or carrier (past or present) "removing" features from the Android API. They wouldn't it would mean their device would run the risk of being incompatible with many applications out there and open the company up for a ton of flak from the community.
I'm also completely at a loss as to why you believe the garbage collector in some way limits how much RAM an application written using the native runtime has access to. The garbage collector's job is simply to free up memory that is no longer in active use. And that's mostly for the higher-level, managed runtimes. If the garbage collector is "killing" off blocks of memory while the app is still running (and still using those memory blocks), then you have coded something incorrectly. Perhaps you've let a pointer or variable reference fall out of scope?
You mentioned in your original post that it would be impossible to port "larger" games over to Android and that is also simply not true. Check out nVidia's latest Kal El demo on YouTube and you'll see them running Lost Planet 2 (Xbox360) on their prototype Tegra 3 device. The video even shows them playing the game at full frame rate (which makes me drool a little every time I watch it).
I understand where you're coming from, wanting to see more memory be included on these devices. I'm sure we all would. That's why many of us on here spend countless hours drooling over specs and fantasizing about upcoming devices. That said, however, it's not just a matter of "put more RAM in there". Hardware manufacturers are limited in terms of what I said before: size and heat. Cost plays a tiny factor as well, since RAM chips this small and heat efficient are more expensive than the RAM sticks you buy at Fry's or Circuit City or where ever and drop in your PC at home.
Really, you want to pull system design specifics into this generalize discussion of whether more RAM is good or not? :)
OK, the heat generated by RAM is inconsequential compared to that generated by the CPU and battery (as it is charged and discharged). The fact is that RAM is MUCH cheaper, both thermal and cost, than CPU. The fact is that you get a much bigger boost IN ANY SYSTEM by putting in more RAM (until you hit the OS/apps saturation point) than by adding CPU... PER DOLLAR! Which was my point... per dollar.
Also, with the density of high-end memory and its packaging, it is much easier to add another GB of RAM than to add a another core to a CPU and the needed battery and cooling. Frankly, the biggest limitation to phone packaging is battery, NOT RAM.
As for the API access, well, what you have access to depends on what the manufacturer has decided they will let you have access to. I mean just take a look at creating a basic camera app that will allow you to set the ISO. While Android has the API to do it, the manufacturer's implementation of the camera and what they will let you touch through the kernel is another thing entirely. Many devices will not let you set the ISO in an app.
When you go into the native code API and allocate memory, you are taking that much memory away from the Android runtime. Let's say you are writing for a device with 512MB RAM (usable will be something less than that). If you allocate 100MB RAM, then the native code will have to run in 412MB and that will force the garbage collector to be more active. Unless you know about some way to control the garbage collector or, in code, some way to kill various "unneeded" apps without the system being ROOTED. Then again, not killing apps programatically was actually the point of the article... leave it UP TO the garbage collector.
The vast majority of Android devices have tons of running apps, from live wallpapers, to clocks, to social media, etc. Because of this, when the memory available to Android is reduced, for whatever reason, the garbage collector has to be more aggressive in killing off processes and retrieving their memory. That killing off causes unexpected, untimely, and sometimes bothersome lags in the system.
Take away a sizable chunk of RAM from Android and you've made it that much harder for the garbage collector to decide which to kill. Add "bloat" services and apps that load as services and it really becomes a challenge.
If you have a way around this, I'd LOVE to hear about it. Stopping the garbage collector from kicking in has been a huge headache.
Also, when I define "larger" games, I'm referring to the data sets they have to manipulate. While game demos like you describe can seem impressive, it IS a DEMO.
There is a joke about Bill Gates dying and going to heaven and getting to choose between Heaven and Hell. After visiting the "partying, good time" Hell, he chooses Hell where he is immediately tortured. When asking what was up because he was just there and it was SO much fun, they told him it was just the DEMO, especially ironic considering some of the demos that Bill Gates has done himself (the full joke is better, but too long).
Anyway, I've seen ports hands on and while impressive FOR A PHONE/TABLET, there were obvious compromises due to the platform. CPU horsepower and RAM limitations were the most obvious. They were about equivalent to where games were 5+ years ago. Impressive, to say the least, but NOT equivalent to modern games.
As for "full frame rate" that has many meanings, depending on whether you are a hard core gamer (min 60fps acceptable, many want 100+) and whether or not you can accept the limitations of the platform. My bet is that to shoehorn the game onto Android, they had to make some compromises. One would be detail. Whenever you shrink something it looks better as the flaws are harder to see. Another would be game play. The number of intelligent objects in the scene. Etc.
I'll also bet that the game demo was done on a clean install and with a developer version of Android. Much different than with the various manufacturer/carrier releases (if not for any other reason than the launchers).
Look, no doubt there are issues with more RAM. Cost probably being the biggest (take the wholesale cost and multiply it by 3 to 5 times to get assembled, retail cost). However, the article's premise was "RAM: What it is, how it's used, and why you shouldn't care".
My point is and always has been, in the 30+ years I've been using PCs and other devices, that RAM is almost always the biggest limiting factor in the performance of any device (up to the "saturation point"). My systems experience ranges from PDAs to AS/400s. I've yet to find an exception or a situation where I didn't get much more of a bang for the buck with RAM.
If you don't believe me, write a quick native app that just grabs, say, 100MB RAM and then see what happens to the phone. I'll bet it becomes lag city.
However, if you have a solution, I'm all ears! Really! :-D Sometimes those ears make me look like a "donkey", but sometimes that is what is needed to learn something!
GlueFactoryBJJ, You sir are an idiot.
And obviously understand nothing of ARMs, RISC based architectures.
It really would require less work to tack on another core than increasing the addressable RAM ceiling. As the memory controller is part of the CPU, which would require a major redesign in condideration to the PoP RAM that is then essentially built into a second floor of the same package above the Application Processor (which is the smartphone equivelent of all the bridges, buses, controllers, and cpus that would make up the bulk of the motherboard on a conventional general purpourse computer). It's known as a System on a Chip for that reason.
The reason you can't just go and cram in loads of RAM is because of the limits of the cpu itself.
This is why even with moderm quad core phones. You don't see more than 1-2GB. RISC works very differently to the big iron CISC devices you've used all your life.
"BTW, the getLargeMemoryClass () the link pointed me to just reinforces my point. I really don't get where you are coming from here as the discussion is about RAM constrained devices (pretty much all of the Android devices right now)."
In your original post, you claim that Android will not increase the amount of heap available to apps on devices with more RAM. This is plainly not true -- as of Android 3.0 there is this API I am pointing to that allows an app to do just that. Yes this is a very new API that was introduced in 3.0, but it is only a matter of time until newer versions of this platform with this API appear on most devices, just as has been the case with every version of the platform. So, problem solved.
"Regarding #2 above, even with native code you are still limited to how much memory you can use because of garbage collection issues (as mentioned above). Because of this, MORE RAM IS BETTER!"
This is simply not true. The garbage collector runs on the Dalvik heap. The Dalvik heap is not the native heap. Allocations you do in the native heap have NO IMPACT at all on the Dalvik heap. They do not cause the garbage collector to run more. They do not cause it to run more slowly. They do not impact it in any way.
"Regarding #3 above, yes, you CAN run an app in multiple processes, as I stated in my original post, but they cannot communicate (send data back and forth) with each other IN RAM. This is problematic if you have large data sets and are having to dump the data to flash storage (regardless of its speed (and file system), based on the current flash used in these devices) and pull it back again to process in another thread. If you can't figure out why running multiple processes is better than running a single process, especially on multi-core CPU's, then I can't help you there."
Um, you have *so* many ways to get data between processes that don't require throwing stuff on storage and pulling it back out. Binder IPC, pipes, shared memory, etc.
Also there is *no* special benefit to using multiple processes on a multi-core CPU. None. Multiple threads in one process can make use of multiple cores just fine. The *only* reason to use multiple processes is to provide isolation between code so that crashes in one won't impact the other (in which case all of this nice memory isolation is critical), and secondarily you can use them in some ways to give yourself more than one Dalvik heap if you have some isolated larger parts of your app that need lots of RAM. (For example Google Maps does this -- its Navigation component runs in a separate process.)
"Regarding #4 above, I really don't see what is so complicated about what I've said. A single core Android device typically has 512MB of RAM. All of the dual core devices have 1GB of RAM. 1 core times 512MB = 512MB RAM. 2 cores times 512MB = 1GB RAM. As you said, "WTF?""
Yes, WTF. Just because it is common for dual core CPUs to have 1GB RAM has nothing to do with there being 512MB per core or whatever. It doesn't work like that at all. These are all SMP systems, all of the cores are running in the same shared RAM address space.
OK, over 97% of the devices out there running Android 2.x and you want to point out a call that only runs on less than 1%? We are talking about here and now, not the future. Still, the description for that call is below:
"Return the approximate per-application memory class of the current device when an application is running with a large heap. This is the space available for memory-intensive applications; most applications should not need this amount of memory, and should instead stay with the getMemoryClass() limit. The returned value is in megabytes. This may be the same size as getMemoryClass() on memory constrained devices, or it may be significantly larger on devices with a large amount of available RAM.
The is the size of the application's Dalvik heap if it has specified android:largeHeap="true" in its manifest."
First, the app must request a largeHeap. Second, it is up to the specific implementation of HC as to whether or not largeHeap is any larger. The examples in the two links above indicate default largeHeap sizes of 16MB or 24MB, respectively. I've yet to see any indication of where you can actually set the heap size to something you might want. Because of this, even on HC devices, there is no indication that you can have notably larger heaps than in GB or earlier releases. And, no, I don't have a ton of devices to test this on. So if you can provide some actual code that does it (or at least a link to code I can look at), I'd like to look at it, but otherwise I'm a bit skeptical.
As I noted above, the premise of the article is, "RAM: What it is, how it's used, and why you shouldn't care". My point has always been in this thread of discussions that RAM is important. Most likely more important than CPU speed or numbers of cores for real world Android OS and application performance... at least in a bang-for-the-buck perspective.
As for native code RAM used not impacting the garbage collector and the Dalvik heap, I've addressed that in a post above. I'm open to new information, but your claim that it doesn't have any effect just doesn't make sense. Any RAM used by native code is memory that isn't available to the Android system and will cause the garbage collector to get more aggressive because it will be like it is running on a reduced RAM device.
Your example of Maps/Navigator is exactly what I'm saying! IF you have large amounts of data. YES! That is the whole point. No, you aren't going to need a ton of RAM for a "Hello, world!" type app. My premise was more RAM is going to be needed for more powerful apps. Apps that can manipulate large amounts of data. Multi-stream video chat, graphics, presentations, etc. Even holding uncompressed jpg files in memory typically takes 3-5 times the compressed file size in RAM. Want to morph a couple together? More memory. Yes, there are ways to work around some of the issues, but not without doing a lot of transferring between RAM and flash storage, which will slow things down by a factor of 100+.
Memory per core is important from the standpoint of being able to keep the cores busy when multiple apps are running. If you do not have sufficient memory, then the cores wait for the apps to start or reload. Yes, I understand that this is Symetrical Multi Processing (SMP). SMP is a VERY old concept (in computer years). I understand the cores share memory rather than have dedicated RAM. Basic stuff. How those cores are kept busy is directly influenced to how much RAM you have.
Anyway, back to the point, RAM is important. You should care. More RAM will give more of a performance boost, per $, than CPU.
Thanks! As a newbie you have answered a few questions for me. I have the Galaxy Skyrocket and I would always go to my home screen and shut down any app I was done with. Now I know better.
Thanks again,
Joe
|
Q:
Getting Array value in a dictionary swift
I am trying to get key and value in a Dictionary while I am able to the key and map it to a dictionary, I am unable to get the value which is an array.
var dict = [String: [String]]
I was able to get the key as an array which is what I want like:
var keyArray = self.dict.map { $0.key }
How can I get the value which is already an array
A:
Use flatMap if you want to flatten the result you get when you use map which is of type [[String]].
let valueArray = dict.flatMap { $0.value } // gives `[String]` mapping all the values
|
Published: Wednesday, April 24, 2013 at 7:18 p.m.
Last Modified: Wednesday, April 24, 2013 at 9:37 p.m.
Florida coach Will Muschamp introduced his latest coaching hire at Wednesday's press conference — Jeff Choate, who will coordinate special teams and coach the outside linebackers.
Muschamp and Choate said they anticipated a seamless transition even though he was not here for the spring.
“I've known Jeff. He's a guy that I've known probably going back six or seven years in recruiting the state of Texas,” Muschamp said. “He's an outstanding evaluator, really good recruiter, coached on both sides of the ball.
“Having worked with someone on our staff (Brent Pease), that certainly helps — and a guy I trust. I trust Brent's opinion. So, it's exciting to have a coach like this at this time of year.
“There's never a good time, but at this time of year, it's good to add a coach to your staff and improve your staff.”
Choate coached with Pease at Boise State for six seasons. In 2012, Choate coached the linebackers at Washington State. He was hired after the season to be the defensive coordinator at UTEP.
He went through the spring at UTEP, but then left when Muschamp offered him a job.
“It was a little bit out of the blue, but it was an opportunity that I could not say no to,” Choate said. “Having a chance to coach in the SEC and compete at the highest level, I think anybody that's a true competitor wants to challenge themselves against the very best.
“This was an opportunity for me to do that. As hard as it was to say no to the young men at UTEP and to (head coach) Sean (Kugler) in particular, this was an opportunity I could not say no to.”
Choate said coming onto the staff relatively late should not be a problem.
“If there's one situation where it would work out, ideally it would be this one,” he said. “D.J. (Durkin) and I are very similar in the way we approach special teams, and I had spent some time talking with him and studying some things Florida had done here. We exchanged ideas.
“It's me learning terminology and things. I don't think there will be a lot of technique or scheme that will be adjusted. Without a spring, I don't see there being wholesale changes. We'll tweak some things and have game-plan adjustments.
“But I think we've got to keep it as straightforward as we can in the short term.”
<p>Florida coach Will Muschamp introduced his latest coaching hire at Wednesday's press conference — Jeff Choate, who will coordinate special teams and coach the outside linebackers.</p><p>Muschamp and Choate said they anticipated a seamless transition even though he was not here for the spring.</p><p>“I've known Jeff. He's a guy that I've known probably going back six or seven years in recruiting the state of Texas,” Muschamp said. “He's an outstanding evaluator, really good recruiter, coached on both sides of the ball.</p><p>“Having worked with someone on our staff (Brent Pease), that certainly helps — and a guy I trust. I trust Brent's opinion. So, it's exciting to have a coach like this at this time of year.</p><p>“There's never a good time, but at this time of year, it's good to add a coach to your staff and improve your staff.”</p><p>Choate coached with Pease at Boise State for six seasons. In 2012, Choate coached the linebackers at Washington State. He was hired after the season to be the defensive coordinator at UTEP. </p><p>He went through the spring at UTEP, but then left when Muschamp offered him a job.</p><p>“It was a little bit out of the blue, but it was an opportunity that I could not say no to,” Choate said. “Having a chance to coach in the SEC and compete at the highest level, I think anybody that's a true competitor wants to challenge themselves against the very best.</p><p>“This was an opportunity for me to do that. As hard as it was to say no to the young men at UTEP and to (head coach) Sean (Kugler) in particular, this was an opportunity I could not say no to.” </p><p>Choate said coming onto the staff relatively late should not be a problem.</p><p>“If there's one situation where it would work out, ideally it would be this one,” he said. “D.J. (Durkin) and I are very similar in the way we approach special teams, and I had spent some time talking with him and studying some things Florida had done here. We exchanged ideas.</p><p>“It's me learning terminology and things. I don't think there will be a lot of technique or scheme that will be adjusted. Without a spring, I don't see there being wholesale changes. We'll tweak some things and have game-plan adjustments.</p><p>“But I think we've got to keep it as straightforward as we can in the short term.”</p>
|
Following a new study estimating that almost 5,000 people died as a result of Hurricane Maria, Sunday news shows completely ignored the devastation and death toll that is 72 times higher than the government’s official ...
About The National Memo
The National Memo is a political newsletter and website that combines the spirit of investigative journalism with new technology and ideas. We cover campaigns, elections, the White House, Congress, and the world with a fresh outlook. Our own journalism — as well as our selections of the smartest stories available every day — reflects a clear and strong perspective, without the kind of propaganda, ultra-partisanship and overwrought ideology that burden so much of our political discourse.
|
TrueFire Live: Kelly Richey – Teaching + Q&A Check out the TrueFire LIVE broadcast! In this broadcast, I talked about where to place your focus when you practice, and how 20 minutes per day can make you a better player in a short amount of time! I shared...
|
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<window xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" class="reftest-wait" xmlns="http://www.mozilla.org/keymaster/gatekeeper/there.is.only.xul" title="Testcase bug 311661 - Evil xul testcase, using display:table-row causes crash [@ nsTableRowGroupFrame::GetFirstRow]">
<html:script><![CDATA[
function doe() {
document.documentElement.getElementsByTagName('*')[1].style.display='table-row';
setTimeout(doe2,20);
}
function doe2(){
document.documentElement.getElementsByTagName('*')[1].style.display='';
setTimeout(doe,20);
}
]]></html:script>
<button id="button" onclick="doe()" label="Mozilla should not crash, when clicking this button"/>
<div style="display:table-row"/>
<html:script>
function clickbutton()
{
var ev = document.createEvent('MouseEvents');
ev.initMouseEvent("click", true, true, window, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, false, false, false, false, 0, null);
var button = document.getElementById('button');
button.dispatchEvent(ev);
setTimeout(function() { document.documentElement.className = "" }, 500);
}
window.addEventListener("load", clickbutton, false);
</html:script>
</window>
|
Kartis Bill Change 2.0 by Kartis and Tango Magic
Kartis, one of the most renowned Argentinean magicians, is known as "The Master of Masters". He gave the magic community "The Kartis Bill Change". Now he gives you the next generation, "Kartis Bill Change 2.0", which is just as visual but even more deceptive. Hold a blank piece of paper with your fingertips and with no apparent movement the paper visibly transforms into a bill right before your eyes. If you want real magic, if you are in search of the perfect bill change, look no further than "Kartis Bill Change 2.0"!
|
Q:
Correct sorting after text to columns in EXCEL
I have some data in which one column represents the Days of Operations, as below:
-------
Days
-------
15
7
1234567
etc.
I want to "break" the column (via text to columns option in the Data tab of Excel) and create the following columns:
--------------------
D1|D2|D3|D4|D5|D6|D7
--------------------
1| | | | 5| | |
| | | | | | 7|
1| 2| 3| 4| 5| 6| 7|
However, the data is being messed up and I get different days in different columns... How I can overpass this? Is there a way to assign the values accordingly?
A:
I want to "break" the column (via text to columns option in the Data tab of Excel)
As per your question, you want to do this with Text-to-Columns. Well, that's a no go. Text-to-columns works either on a character delimiter or a fixed width. Your data has neither. You apparently want to distribute the data based on its values. That cannot be done with Text-to-Columns.
You will need a code or a formula solution for that. If you import your source data into a spreadsheet, with all the imported data sitting in column A, you can use a formula like this:
=IF(ISERROR(FIND(COLUMN(A1),$A4)),"",COLUMN(A1))
If the data as posted above starts in A1, then the formula will be in cell B4 and can be copied across and down.
You can hide column A do display just the results of the formula.
|
An electric power steering apparatus using a brushless motor is disclosed. The electric power steering apparatus has a microcomputer for calculating a target current to the brushless motor on the basis of a torque signal outputted from a steering torque detecting part. The microcomputer has a table stored...http://www.google.com/patents/US7042179?utm_source=gb-gplus-sharePatent US7042179 - Electric power steering apparatus
An electric power steering apparatus using a brushless motor is disclosed. The electric power steering apparatus has a microcomputer for calculating a target current to the brushless motor on the basis of a torque signal outputted from a steering torque detecting part. The microcomputer has a table stored in ROM. The microcomputer calculates the angular position of the brushless motor by referring to the table on the basis of a signal outputted by a resolver.
Images(12)
Claims(5)
1. An electric power steering apparatus comprising:
a brushless motor for applying a torque to a steering mechanism;
a motor angular position detecting means for detecting an angular position of a rotor of the brushless motor;
steering input detecting means for detecting a steering input;
control means for calculating a target current on the basis of at least a signal from the steering input detecting means; and
motor driving means for supplying current to the brushless motor,
wherein the calculation of the angular position of the rotor of the brushless motor is carried out with reference to a predetermined table provided in the control means.
2. An electric power steering apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising second control means additional to the first control means, wherein the second control means performs the same motor angular position calculation as the first control means and an abnormality is detected by a value calculated by the first control means and a value calculated by the second control means being compared.
3. An electric power steering apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising second control means additional to the first control means, wherein the second control means performs the same motor angular position calculation as the first control means and the first control means and the second control means have direction prohibiting means for restricting rotation of the brushless motor on the basis of a steering input of a driver.
4. An electric power steering apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the motor angular position detecting means is a resolver and there are further provided sample-hold circuits for sample-holding outputs from the resolver and the first control means outputs a reference clock pulse to the resolver and a sample-hold timing pulse to the sample-hold circuits.
5. An electric power steering apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the motor angular position detecting means is a resolver and there are further provided sample-hold circuits for sample-holding outputs from the resolver and the first control means or the second control means outputs a reference clock pulse to the resolver and a sample-hold timing pulse to the sample-hold circuits.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to an electric power steering apparatus for applying force from an electric motor to a steering mechanism to lighten the steering force needed from a driver.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
An electric power steering apparatus reduces the steering force needed from a driver by drive-controlling an electric motor with a motor drive control part on the basis of a steering torque signal outputted by a steering torque detecting part and a vehicle speed signal outputted by a vehicle speed detecting part. Electric power steering apparatuses that use a brushless motor as the electric motor are known.
With an electric power steering apparatus that uses a brushless motor, because there is no dropping or fluctuation of motor output due to a voltage drop between brushes and a commutator, it is possible to obtain a stable auxiliary steering force. Because the inertia moment of the motor is small compared to that of a motor with brushes, a good steering feeling can be obtained at high straight-line speeds and when the steering wheel is turned back from one direction to the other.
However, when a brushless motor is used as the motor, instead of brushes and a commutator, it becomes necessary for the amount of motor current to be controlled in correspondence with the angle of the motor (the angular position of the rotor). For this, a motor angle detecting part for detecting the angle of the motor (the angular position of the rotor) and a motor current detecting part are provided, and PWM drive control of the brushless motor is carried out on the basis of output signals from the motor angle detecting part and the motor current detecting part.
The motor angle detecting part comprises for example a resolver and an RD (resolver digital) convertor part. Signals from the resolver are supplied continuously to the RD convertor part. The RD convertor part calculates the angle of the rotor with respect to the stator in the brushless motor (the rotor angular position) θ, and outputs a signal corresponding to this calculated angle θ.
The RD convertor part calculates an angular velocity ω of the rotor with respect to the stator in the brushless motor, and outputs a signal corresponding to the calculated angular velocity ω.
An apparatus that uses a resolver and an RD convertor part to detect the angle of the motor (the angular position of the rotor) like this is disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3216491.
When an RD convertor part for obtaining the angular position of a rotor on the basis of output signals from a resolver like this is employed in an electric power steering apparatus, there has been the problem that the RD convertor part is expensive and raises the cost of the apparatus. Also, when the RD convertor is performing angle calculation with an extremely short period and for example spike noise intrudes, because the computation itself is reset (computation is interrupted) there is a possibility of the driver being subjected to an incongruous feeling.
Thus, an electric power steering apparatus has been awaited with which calculation of the motor angle (angular position of the rotor) from the outputs of a resolver is achieved with a device that is low-cost and does not easily suffer influences of noise.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
To achieve the above-mentioned object and other objects, the invention provides an electric power steering apparatus including: a brushless motor for applying a torque to a steering mechanism; angular position detecting means for detecting an angular position of the brushless motor; steering input detecting means for detecting a steering input; control means for calculating a target current on the basis of at least a signal from the steering input detecting means; and motor driving means for supplying current to the brushless motor, wherein the calculation of the angular position is carried out with reference to a predetermined table provided in the control means.
Because the angular position of the brushless motor is obtained by control means consisting of a microcomputer on the basis of a table stored in ROM provided in the control means, there is unlikely to be any affect of noise, there is less possibility of calculation being interrupted, and incongruous steering feelings can be reduced. Because an RD convertor part is unnecessary, the construction can be made cheaper than in related art.
Preferably, an electric power steering apparatus according to the invention further includes second control means additional to the first control means, the second control means performs the same angular position calculation as the first control means, and any abnormality is detected by a value calculated by the first control means and a value calculated by the second control means being compared. In this case, because the output difference between the first control means and the second control means is extremely small, and the margin for error of the two signals can be made small, the precision of abnormality detection increases.
Also, in an electric power steering apparatus according to the invention further including second control means additional to the first control means, the second control means performing the same angular position calculation as the first control means, the first control means and the second control means may preferably have direction prohibiting means for restricting rotation of the brushless motor on the basis of a steering input of a driver. In this case, even when one of the first control means and the second control means has become abnormal, it is possible for certain direction prohibition to be carried out by the other. Also, a circuit for detecting abnormality of the first control means and the second control means becomes unnecessary, and a simple circuit construction can be adopted.
Also, in this invention, preferably, the angular position detecting means is a resolver, there are further provided sample-hold circuits for sample-holding outputs from the resolver, and the first control means or the second control means outputs a reference clock pulse to the resolver and a sample-hold timing pulse to the sample-hold circuits. In this case, it is possible to output a sample-hold timing correctly synchronized with the peaks of an excitation signal. Also, the timing can be changed freely with the sample-hold timing remaining synchronized correctly with the peaks of the excitation signal.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Certain preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is an overall construction view of an electric power steering apparatus according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a view showing the main parts of the mechanical construction and the specific construction of the electrical system of the electric power steering apparatus shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line 3—3 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line B—B of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is an electrical block diagram of a control unit in an electric power steering apparatus according to the first preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is an electrical block diagram of a control unit in an electric power steering apparatus according to a second preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a block diagram of an angle comparing part shown in FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is an electrical block diagram of a control unit in an electric power steering apparatus according to a third preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a direction prohibiting part shown in FIG. 8;
FIG. 10 is a flow chart illustrating control of a motor drive control part based on a signal from the direction prohibiting part; and
FIG. 11 is an electrical block diagram of a control device in an electric power steering apparatus according to a fourth preferred embodiment of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The overall construction of an electric power steering apparatus according to the invention will be described on the basis of FIG. 1 through FIG. 4. An electric power steering apparatus 10 shown in FIG. 1 is constructed to apply an assisting steering force (steering torque) to a steering shaft 12 connected to a steering wheel 11.
A top end of the steering shaft 12 is connected to the steering wheel 11, and a bottom end is connected to a pinion gear 13. The pinion gear 13 is connected to a rack shaft 14 having a rack gear 14a for meshing with the pinion gear 13. The pinion gear 13 and the rack gear 14a constitute a rack and pinion mechanism 15. Front wheels 17, 17 are connected to the ends of the rack shaft 14 by tie rods 16, 16.
A power transmitting mechanism 18 is mounted on the steering shaft 12, and the power transmitting mechanism 18 is connected to a brushless motor 19.
The brushless motor 19 outputs a turning force (torque) for supplementing the steering torque, and applies this turning force to the steering shaft 12 via the power transmitting mechanism 18.
A steering torque detecting part 20 is provided on the steering shaft 12. The steering torque detecting part 20 detects a steering torque applied to the steering shaft 12 by a driver turning the steering wheel 11. The reference number 21 denotes a vehicle speed detecting part for detecting the speed of the vehicle.
A control unit 22 consisting of a computer outputs a drive control signal SG1 for controlling rotation of the brushless motor 19 on the basis of a steering torque signal T outputted from the steering torque detecting part 20 and a vehicle speed signal V outputted from the vehicle speed detecting part 21.
The brushless motor 19 has a motor angle detecting part 23 consisting of a resolver. An angle signal SG2 outputted from the motor angle detecting part 23 is fed back to the control unit 22.
The rack and pinion mechanism 15, the power transmitting mechanism 18 and the steering torque detecting part 20 are housed in a gearbox 24 shown with broken lines.
The electric power steering apparatus 10 is made by adding the steering torque detecting part 20, the vehicle speed detecting part 21, the control unit 22, the brushless motor 19 and the power transmitting mechanism 18 to the apparatus of an ordinary steering system.
When during travel of the vehicle the driver turns the steering wheel 11 to change the direction of travel, a turning force originating in the steering torque applied to the steering shaft 12 is converted via the rack and pinion mechanism 15 into a linear motion in the axial direction of the rack shaft 14, and turns the front wheels 17, 17 via the tie rods 16, 16. At this time, the steering torque detecting part 20 detects the steering torque and converts it into an electrical steering torque signal T, and outputs this steering torque signal T. The outputted steering torque signal T is inputted to the control unit 22.
The vehicle speed detecting part 21 detects the speed of the vehicle and converts it into a vehicle speed signal V, and outputs this vehicle speed signal V. The vehicle speed signal V is inputted to the control unit 22.
The control unit 22 produces a motor current for driving the brushless motor 19 on the basis of the steering torque signal T and the vehicle speed signal V. The brushless motor 19 applies an auxiliary turning force to the steering shaft 12 via the power transmitting mechanism 18. By the brushless motor 19 being driven in this way, the steering force that the driver needs to apply to the steering wheel 11 is lightened.
As shown in FIG. 2, the rack shaft 14 is housed slidably in its axial direction inside a tubular housing 31 disposed in the width direction of the vehicle. Ball joints 32, 32 are screwed into the ends of the rack shaft 14, which project from the housing 31, and the left and right tie rods 16 are connected to these ball joints 32, 32. The housing 31 has a bracket 33 for mounting it to a vehicle body (not shown) and stoppers 34 provided at its ends.
The reference number 35 denotes an ignition switch, 36 a vehicle battery, and 37 an a.c. generator (ACG) serving the vehicle engine. The a.c. generator 37 starts generating when the vehicle engine starts.
The control unit 22 is provided on the brushless motor 19. The reference number 38 denotes rack ends for abutting with the stoppers 34 when the rack shaft 14 moves. Dust seal boots 39 protect the inside of the gearbox 24 from water, mud and dust.
FIG. 3 shows a specific construction of a structure supporting the steering shaft 12 and of the steering torque detecting part 20, the power transmitting mechanism 18, and the rack and pinion mechanism 15.
The steering shaft 12 is rotatably supported by two bearings 41, 42 in a housing 24a constituting a part of the gearbox 24. The rack and pinion mechanism 15 and the power transmitting mechanism 18 are housed inside the housing 24a. The steering torque detecting part 20 is mounted on an upper part of the housing 24a. Atop opening of the housing 24a is closed by a lid 43. The lid 43 is fixed with bolts 44. The pinion gear 13 mounted on the bottom end of the steering shaft 12 is positioned between the bearings 41 and 42.
The rack shaft 14 is guided by a rack guide 45 and pressed against the pinion gear 13 by a holding member 47 urged by a compression spring 46.
The power transmitting mechanism 18 is formed by a worm gear 49 fixed to a transmission shaft 48 connected to the output shaft of the brushless motor 19 and a worm wheel 50 fixed to the steering shaft 12.
The steering torque detecting part 20 comprises a steering torque detecting sensor 20a mounted around the steering shaft 12 and an electronic circuit 20b for electrically processing a detection signal outputted from this steering torque detecting sensor 20a. The steering torque detecting sensor 20a is mounted on the lid 43.
FIG. 4 shows the construction of the brushless motor 19 and the control unit 22.
The brushless motor 19 has a rotor 52 formed of permanent magnets fixed to a rotating shaft 51 and a stator 54 disposed around the rotor 52. The stator 54 has stator windings 53. The rotating shaft 51 is rotatably supported by two bearings 55, 56. A front end of the rotating shaft 51 constitutes an output shaft 19a of the brushless motor 19. The output shaft 19a is connected via a torque limiter 57 to the transmission shaft 48 so that power is transmitted between the two. The worm gear 49 is formed on the transmission shaft 48. The worm wheel 50 meshes with the worm gear 49.
The above-mentioned motor angle detecting part (resolver) 23 for detecting the angle of the rotor 52 of the brushless motor 19 (the angular position of the rotor) is mounted at the rear end of the rotating shaft 51. The motor angle detecting part 23 is made up of a rotor 23a fixed to the rotating shaft 51 and a detecting device 23b for detecting the angle of this rotor 23a using a magnetic effect.
The constituent parts of the brushless motor 19 mentioned above are housed in a motor case 58.
FIG. 5 is an electrical block diagram of a control unit 22 according to the first preferred embodiment. The control unit 22 has a microcomputer (control means) 100, a motor drive control part 101 and a current detecting part 102.
The control unit 22 amplifies outputs of the detecting device 23b with amplifying parts 104, 105 and samples them using sample-hold circuits 106, 107. The motor drive control part 101 drives the motor with switching devices.
The rotor 23a (see FIG. 4) of the motor angle detecting part 23 is mounted on the same shaft as the rotor of the brushless motor 19, and the detecting device 23b of the motor angle detecting part 23 is made up of an exciting coil 108, a sin output coil 109, and a cos output coil 110 disposed around this rotor 23a. The rotor 23a is formed in an approximate + shape in cross-section when cut in a plane perpendicular to the rotating shaft 51, and as it rotates (as the rotor rotates), output values of the sin output coil 109 and the cos output coil 110 change. From these output values of the sin output coil 109 and the cos output coil 110, an angle θ can be obtained.
A reference signal (voltage) given by for example sin ωt (ω: angular frequency, t: time) is applied to the exciting coil 108 from the microcomputer 100 via an amplifier 103.
When the reference signal is inputted to the exciting coil 108 from the microcomputer 100, the sin output coil 109 and the cos output coil 110 output a sin signal (voltage) given by sin (ωt-θ) and a cos signal (voltage) given by cos (ωt-θ).
The sin signal from the sin output coil 109 and the cos signal from the cos output coil 110 are amplified by the respective amplifiers 105, 104 and then sample-held by the sample-hold circuits 107, 106 and inputted to the microcomputer 100. The sample-hold timing at which sample-holding is carried out is determined by a signal outputted from the microcomputer 100.
The microcomputer 100 has for example a CPU, RAM and ROM. A relationship between the values (digital data) of the sin signal and the cos signal and the rotor angular position θ is stored in the ROM in the form of a table. The microcomputer 100 refers to the reference signal outputted to the exciting coil 108 and samples the signal outputted from the sin output coil 109 and the signal outputted from the cos output coil 110 with the sample-hold circuits and A/D-converts them to obtain a sin signal and a cos signal. Referring to the table held in the ROM, it reads out a rotor angular position θ corresponding to the instantaneous values of the sin signal and the cos signal. By this means, it is possible to calculate the rotor angular position θ of the motor.
The microcomputer 100 determines a target current value of the brushless motor 19 in correspondence with the steering torque detected by the steering torque detecting sensor 20a and the vehicle speed detected by the vehicle speed detecting part 21 (see FIG. 1). It determines target current values of the different phases (U-phase, V-phase, W-phase) of the brushless motor 19 corresponding with the rotor angular position θ detected as described above. On the basis of those target current values, it generates PWM control signals and inputs the generated PWM control signals to the motor drive control part 101. On this basis, currents corresponding to the PWM control signals are supplied to the different phases of the brushless motor 19 from the motor drive control part 101, and a torque needed for steering assistance is produced by the brushless motor 19.
Thus, in this first preferred embodiment, the rotor angular position θ of the brushless motor 19 is detected on the basis of a sin signal and a cos signal by the microcomputer 100 alone. As a result, the rotor angular position θ of the brushless motor can be detected without circuit devices that are expensive and liable to be influenced by noise, such as an R/D-convertor, being necessary, and the cost of the electric power steering apparatus can be made low and its steering feel can be improved.
Next, a control unit of an electric power steering apparatus according to a second preferred embodiment of the invention will be described, on the basis of FIG. 6 and FIG. 7. The control unit 22a of this second preferred embodiment includes a microcomputer (second control means) 111 additional to the microcomputer 100 shown in FIG. 5, and an angle comparing part 112. In the description of the second preferred embodiment, parts the same as parts in the control unit 22 of the first preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 5 have been given the same reference numerals and will not be described again.
The second microcomputer 111 has for example a CPU, RAM and ROM, like the first microcomputer 100 (first control means).
A relationship between values of a sin signal and values of a cos signal (digital data) and the rotor angular position θ is stored in the ROM in the form of a table. The second microcomputer 111 samples the signal outputted from the sin output coil 109 and the signal outputted from the cos output coil 110 with the sample-hold circuits 107, 106 and A/D-converts them to obtain a sin signal and a cos signal. It then refers to the table stored in ROM and reads out a rotor angular position θ corresponding to the instantaneous values of the sin signal and the cos signal. By this means, it calculates the angular position of the rotor of the motor. It then outputs a signal θ2 pertaining to the calculated rotor angular position to the angle comparing part 112.
The angle comparing part 112 compares a rotor angular position signal θ1 outputted from the first microcomputer 100 with the rotor angular position signal θ2 outputted from the second microcomputer 111, and outputs 1 when θ1 and θ2 are different and zero when they are approximately equal as a signal to the first microcomputer 100 and a failure display part 113. When the signal outputted from the angle comparing part 112 is zero the first microcomputer 100 remains in the same state, and when the signal outputted from the angle comparing part 112 is 1 it outputs a signal to the motor drive control part 101 such that the output of the motor gradually decreases.
FIG. 7 shows details of the angle comparing part 112. The angle comparing part 112 has an input part 114, an output part 115, a CPU 116 and a storing part 117. This angle comparing part 112 compares the rotor angular position θ1 inputted from the first microcomputer 100 with the rotor angular position θ2 inputted from the second microcomputer 111, and if the difference between them is less than a predetermined value it determines that all is normal and outputs a normal value signal, for example zero, to the first microcomputer 100 and the failure display part 113, and if the difference is greater than the predetermined value it determines that there has been a failure and outputs a failure signal, for example 1, to the first microcomputer 100 and the failure display part 113. The predetermined value here is pre-stored in a storage area 118 of the storing part 117.
The failure display part 113 is a device for displaying whether there has been a failure of the first microcomputer 100 or the second microcomputer 111, and for example has a light-emitting diode that lights on the basis of the signal inputted from the angle comparing part 112. This light-emitting diode for example remains unlit when the signal from the angle comparing part 112 is zero and lights up when the input from the angle comparing part 112 is 1. Accordingly, when the light-emitting diode is lit it can be inferred that one or both of the first microcomputers 100, 111 has failed.
Next, a control unit of an electric power steering apparatus according to a third preferred embodiment will be described, on the basis of FIG. 8 and FIG. 9. The control unit 22b of this third preferred embodiment, like the second preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 7, includes two microcomputers. Parts the same as parts of the control unit 22 of the first preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 5 have been given the same reference numerals and will not be described again here.
The first microcomputer 100 and the second microcomputer 111 respectively have direction prohibiting parts 120, 119 shown in FIG. 9.
The direction prohibiting parts 119, 120 output to the motor drive control part 101 a 1 signal when the steering direction and the motor rotation direction are not the same and a zero signal when the steering direction and the motor rotation direction are the same. When the signals from the direction prohibiting parts 119, 120 are zero the motor drive control part 101 remains in the same state and when the input from either of the direction prohibiting parts 119, 120 is 1 it controls the output of the brushless motor 19 to zero.
Because the direction prohibiting parts 119, 120 are of the same construction, only the direction prohibiting part 119 will be described, with reference to FIG. 9.
The direction prohibiting part 119 shown in FIG. 9 has a steering direction determining part 121, a motor rotation direction determining part 122, and a direction prohibiting determination part 123.
The steering direction determining part 121 detects the steering direction from the signal inputted from a steering angle sensor, and for example outputs 1 if it is right-turn and outputs 0 if it is left-turn.
The motor rotation direction determining part 122 detects the rotation direction of the rotor from the rotor angular position calculated by the second microcomputer 111, and outputs a 1 signal when steering is being assisted in the right-turn direction and outputs an 0 signal when steering is being assisted in the left-turn direction.
The direction prohibiting determination part 123 inputs the signal from the steering direction determining part 121 and the signal outputted from the motor rotation direction determining part 122, and when these signals are the same infers that all is normal and outputs a normal value signal, for example an 0 signal, to the motor drive control part 101. When the signals are not the same, it infers that all is not normal and outputs an abnormality signal, for example a 1 signal, to the motor drive control part 101. When it receives a 1 signal outputted from the direction prohibiting part 119, the motor drive control part 101 controls the output of the brushless motor 19 to zero.
Now, control of the motor drive control part 101 shown in FIG. 9 will be described, using the flow chart shown in FIG. 10.
When the ignition switch is turned on, the control flow of the motor drive control part 101 starts.
Step (hereinafter, S) 11: It is determined whether or not there is a direction prohibiting signal from the direction prohibiting part 119, and when there is no direction prohibiting signal processing returns and normal motor control is carried out, and when there is a direction prohibiting signal processing proceeds to S12.
S12: It is determined whether or not there is a direction prohibiting signal from the direction prohibiting part 120, and when there is a direction prohibiting signal from the direction prohibiting part 120 processing proceeds to S13, and when there is none processing proceeds to S14.
S13: Direction prohibiting processing is executed.
S14: It is rechecked whether or not there is a direction prohibiting signal from the direction prohibiting part 119. If there is no direction prohibiting signal, processing returns and normal motor control is carried out, and if there is a direction prohibiting signal, processing proceeds to S15.
S15: An error counter (n1ot shown) in the motor drive control part 101 increments by 1, and then processing proceeds to S16.
S16: Direction prohibiting processing is executed and then processing proceeds to S17.
S17: It is determined whether or not the count value of the error counter of the motor drive control part 101 has reached a predetermined value, and if the count value is smaller than the predetermined value processing returns and normal motor control is carried out, and if the count value has reached the predetermined value processing proceeds to S18.
S18: When the count value has reached the predetermined value, it is inferred that an abnormality has arisen in one or the other of the direction prohibiting parts 119, 120, a reset signal is sent to the direction prohibiting parts 119, 120, and the direction prohibiting parts 119, 120 are reset.
Here a construction is being used such that the direction prohibiting part 119 is assumed to be normal and the error counter counts up when the signal from the direction prohibiting part 120 disagrees with the signal from the direction prohibiting part 119, but alternatively it may count when the signal from the direction prohibiting part 119 disagrees with the signal from the direction prohibiting part 120. Alternatively, a construction may be adopted wherein the signals from the direction prohibiting part 119 and the direction prohibiting part 120 are compared using an OR circuit.
By this means, it is possible to continue control of the electric power steering apparatus normally without comparing signals with angle comparing means or the like; that is, without detecting abnormality of the two microcomputers.
Next, a control unit of an electric power steering apparatus according to a fourth preferred embodiment of the invention will be described, on the basis of FIG. 11. The control unit 22c of this fourth preferred embodiment, as in the second preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 7, includes two microcomputers. Parts the same as parts in the control unit 22 of the first preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 5 have been given the same reference numerals and will not be described again here.
The control unit 22c of the fourth preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 11 may have an angle comparing part or direction prohibiting parts (not shown), but since these have already been described in the foregoing preferred embodiments they will not be described again here.
A reference signal (voltage) and a reference clock pulse for example expressed as sin ωt (ω: angular frequency, t: time) are applied to the exciting coil 108 from the first microcomputer 100 via the amplifier 103. This reference clock pulse provides an excitation signal timing.
When the reference signal is inputted to the exciting coil 108 from the first microcomputer 100, the sin output coil 109 and the cos output coil 110 output a sin signal (voltage) expressed by sin ((ωt-θ) and a cos signal (voltage) expressed by cos (ωt-θ).
The sin signal from the sin output coil 109 and the cos signal from the cos output coil 110 are amplified by the respective amplifying parts 105, 104 and then sample-held by the sample-hold circuits 107, 106 and inputted to the first and second microcomputers 100, 111.
The sample-hold timing with which the sample-holding is carried out is determined by a signal from the first microcomputer 100. The reference clock pulse to the resolver is outputted so that this sample-hold timing and the peak of the excitation signal synchronize correctly.
The first microcomputer 100 has for example a CPU, RAM and ROM. A relationship between values (digital values) of the sin signal and the cos signal and the rotor angular position θ is stored in the ROM in the form of a table. The first microcomputer 100 refers to the reference signal outputted to the exciting coil 108, outputs sample-hold timing synchronized with the reference dock pulse, samples the signal outputted from the sin output coil 109 and the signal outputted from the cos output coil 110 with the sample-hold circuits, and A/D-converts them to obtain a sin signal and a cos signal. It then refers to the table stored in ROM and reads out a rotor angular position θ corresponding to the instantaneous values of the sin signal and the cos signal. In this way, the rotor angular position θ of the motor is calculated.
The second microcomputer 111, like the first microcomputer 100, has for example a CPU, RAM and ROM. A relationship between values (digital values) of the sin signal and the cos signal and the rotor angular position θ is stored in the ROM in the form of a table. The second microcomputer 111 samples the signal outputted from the sin output coil 109 and the signal outputted from the cos output coil 110 with the sample-hold circuits and A/D-converts them to obtain a sin signal and a cos signal. It then refers to the table stored in ROM and reads out a rotor angular position θ corresponding to the instantaneous values of the sin signal and the cos signal.
Thus, in this preferred embodiment, because sample-hold circuits for sample-holding the outputs from the resolver are provided, and the first control means (the first microcomputer 100) or the second control means (the second microcomputer 111) outputs a reference clock pulse to the resolver and a sample-hold timing pulse to the sample-hold circuits, a sample-hold tuning correctly synchronized with the peaks of the excitation signal can be outputted. Also, it becomes possible for the timing to be changed freely with the sample-hold timing remaining synchronized correctly with the peaks of the excitation signal.
Although in the first preferred embodiment and the second preferred embodiment constructions were described wherein the microcomputers do not have direction prohibiting parts, in the first preferred embodiment and the second preferred embodiment it is also possible to adopt constructions wherein the microcomputers do have direction prohibiting parts.
Obviously, various minor changes and modifications of the present invention are possible in the light of the above teaching. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.
|
Blog
Coffee leaf rust outbreak in Central America
Posted by Xavier Hamon on 25 November 2013
Last coffee season saw a massive outbreak of a devastating fungus that seemed to take everyone by surprise. The coffee leaf rust epidemic stretched from Mexico to Peru, infecting more than half of Central America’s coffee farms and costing $1 billion in crop losses. The worst affected families stripped back their entire farms, prized coffee trees reduced to kindling, and faced a stark choice – is it worth replanting when coffee prices are so low?
Oversupply coming in Brazil has caused the New York coffee price to fall through the floor, and is now likely to be below cost of production for many farmers. In this context, it is hardly surprising that many farmers and governments are investing less in coffee, which hints at a key contributing factor to the outbreak in the first place. Ageing coffee plants and chronic under investment in good farm management has left many farms in a vulnerable state. As Esperanza Dionisio, General Manager of Pangoa coffee cooperative in Peru and Twin Board Member, put it to me “it’s like tuberculosis, if you don’t eat properly, you are weakened to the disease. The leaf works in the same way; if the plant is not healthy and didn’t receive organic fertilisers, it is more susceptible to rust.”
The increase in extreme weather events in the region has also been associated with weakened coffee trees. You could therefore view this outbreak as just another symptom of climate change. Without investment, future such events are likely to be less and less surprising as changes to our climate look set to cause an upsurge in agricultural pests and diseases. Peter Baker of CABI speaking at Twin and the Fairtrade Foundation’s recent joint coffee rust industry event summed it up nicely: “think of it as an earthquake that reveals we were sitting all the time on a fault line.” So, as well as responding to this crisis, it is vital that we treat the cause and not just the symptom.
Twin’s approach to sustainable agriculture aims at strengthening overall resilience to climate change. One example is our Big Lottery Fund project in Nicaragua, which supports five Cafénica coffee cooperatives using climate field schools. Farmers can experiment and share their ideas on farm practices such as plant nutrition, soil erosion and shade management on special plots, as well as learn from experts and benefit from technology transfer. They can apply these learnings to their own farms thanks to a dedicated Smallholder Coffee Adaptation fund, which enables participants to purchase new materials and seedlings.
So, with all this support, is it worth replanting? The three years it takes for a coffee plant to reach maturity and produce a harvest represents a significant financial gamble to small farmers, especially as the global market price fluctuates wildly from day to day, let alone year to year. This is why, in addition to promoting sustainable, climate resilient agricultural practices, Twin trains farmers to understand the complex markets they are operating in. With the right tools, they can benefit from rather than fall victim to futures trading and can negotiate fairer contracts that manage their risk. But with prices so low, an extra point of difference can add much needed value to small farmers competing with big plantations on global commodity markets.
The work underway in Nicaragua is a unique selling proposition for many buyers interested in sustainable production – and one worth paying a premium for. At Twin, we seek to balance all our technical assistance programmes with creating market-side demand to ensure sustainability after the funding runs out. We are therefore conducting market research in the cooperatives’ key markets to better understand how to market ‘climate-friendly’ coffee and gather the right impact data of interest to buyers. We also work with businesses through our climate initiatives to build resilience into their existing smallholder supply chains and help them secure future supply, as well as the future livelihoods of small farmers.
We are seeing fantastic results in Nicaragua, but this is really just a sticking plaster on a global malady. The coffee sector is broken and needs an industry-wide response to get back on track (the necessary investments are simply unaffordable for smallholders acting alone). Tackling leaf rust requires a radical change in the business models of roasters and ethical lenders. We need to see a shift from simply lending working capital to long term finance. Currently, producer organisations can get up to a year’s capital financing using contracts as a guarantee. Loans of six to eight years are needed to really take on leaf rust, backed up by guarantees from producer organisations and long-term partnership. It’s time for the industry as a whole to wake up and smell the coffee, before the rich range of flavours from thousands of unique single origin small producers is lost forever.
|
3D printing – Dion has it in the tactical space and granted the technologies available today are likely tactical but the learning curve for 3D printing technologies is rapidly expanding and providing more options and applications each year. I’d call it strategic for many organizations who normally don’t think of themselves as manufacturing
If there is one space that appears underrepresented (to me), it’s biotech and life sciences. The combination of genetics and big data techniques… will impact every business, even if it is just through the health of its employees.
I’d also include blockchain and its effect on cryptocurrency, finance, government… there is more here than just bitcoin.
The great thing about a list like this is that it causes you to think about what’s new, where the technologies stand and where they will likely be headed.
|
Dr. Skendaj is a Visiting Assistant Professor in the University of Miami's Department of Political Science. His research focuses on how international and local individuals can sustain peace and democracy in post-war societies. His forthcoming book examines the role of international actors in building effective state bureaucracies and democratic institutions in post-war Kosovo.
He has worked with international organizations and civil society organizations in Europe and the U.S. Dr. Skendaj was the National Coordinator for the joint project of the UN Department for Disarmament Affairs and the Hague Appeal for Peace. He holds a Ph.D. in government from Cornell University.
|
Donate
Farm Sponsorships
Sponsor a hive, apple tree or heritage breed animal on our farm!
Over the past 50 years our food supply has become more industrialized and driven by agribusinesses.
The rise of industrial agriculture has signaled the decline of genetic diversity. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), just 14 species make up 90 percent of our global food supply. In the U.S. more than 90% of our dairy comes from Holstein cows. More than half of the hog breeds used just 50 years ago are now extinct, and just five industrial breeds of chickens supply nearly all of our meat and eggs.
Rodale Institute brought livestock back to the farm to help preserve valuable heritage breeds of farm animals. In addition to advocating for organic crops we also teach people how to manage an organic apple orchard. The Honeybee Conservancy at Rodale Institute promotes natural and sustainable beekeeping practices through education and outreach.
Help our continuing efforts to change the decline of diversity and sponsor a hive, apple tree or heritage breed animal today!
|
Yes ofcourse, i would love to save my whole money in bitcoin and wait for 5 to 10 years to grow my money. this is a good question you've got. i will recommend this to my family also about this matters. coz they know that i'm saving my money thru bitcoin..
its profitable to save for a long time because bitcoins prices are on the ever increase ride and no matter how it tumbles it will rise back up again and so you ll not loose if you invest into it in the long term.
that's right people will realize that bitcoin has a real value that it will give as max potential, no matter the price is still bitcoin is always pumping and keeps going up trend.. this is the best investment of a lifetime..
For sure it is because we have seen it dump and now it's back to it's normal trend, when we keep holding our bitcoin we can expectwe'll get great benefits on it because it will make us more profitable as the value will continue to rise.
Every day there are appearing many services which pays for storing bitcoins in your wallet. It is not necessary to do something, just need keep bitcoins in your wallet, for holding bitcoins will be accrued percents, and percents there are very high. Others people just dont want do anything with their bitcoins and they are just waiting for bitcoin growth rate and will sell their bitcoins more expensively.
Bitcoin is benefit for a long time but we need to be it safe and secure do't put money in one saving. instead half of your investment you can put in bank. or invest it to the business. in this way your money become profitable instead of stocking in one account only. and avoid company say it easy money and invest quick if this is legit or not...the scammer are too many out there watching and roaring like a lion.
It is a lifetime guarantee to make profit and just waiting or leave that and work or entertain yourself for the time being. May as well benefit you for life if you just save even a 5 of it possibly to double you money for a year or two only.
It is a lifetime guarantee to make profit and just waiting or leave that and work or entertain yourself for the time being. May as well benefit you for life if you just save even a 5 of it possibly to double you money for a year or two only.
I agree, Bitcoin is like a lifetime investment. So if you invested in bitcoin and hold them for a couple of years the benefit you get from it is the profit you gain from holding it. It has already been proven and tested in time that bitcoin does profit a great amount in just over a couple of years.
why so many people store their bitcoin in their wallet for a long time, whether the benefits will they get?
Come share your thoughts
Some people just store and save their bitcoin for a long time because they are waiting for its price to go higher so that they can earn a lot of profit. But some people who earn bitcoin just spend it right away to buy what they want. For me, it is better to save it first and spend it for any future purposes.
why so many people store their bitcoin in their wallet for a long time, whether the benefits will they get?
Come share your thoughts
Many people wanted to hold bitcoins in their wallet due to the reason that bitcoins price will rise up and rise up as the time goes along and for believing that they will get rich someday. There are lot of people that are now rich because of buying bitcoins two years ago.
why so many people store their bitcoin in their wallet for a long time, whether the benefits will they get?
Come share your thoughts
Many people wanted to hold bitcoins in their wallet due to the reason that bitcoins price will rise up and rise up as the time goes along and for believing that they will get rich someday. There are lot of people that are now rich because of buying bitcoins two years ago.
That is right, a lot of people now are rich because they believed in bitcoin and they keep on buying bitcoin for the past few years and it resulted for them to make a lot of money and i think that we can also do it if we will buy bitcoin right now and hold it for the next 2 years or even more and we can expect some good profits because the price of bitcoin is ready to shoot up again.
why so many people store their bitcoin in their wallet for a long time, whether the benefits will they get?
Come share your thoughts
Maybe because they are waiting for the value to increase than present value. We do not know what the future of bitcoin with regards to its market value wether it will increase or decrease. The longer we keep our bitcoins the higher the risk we take if we profit from it or not.
Yes ofcourse, i would love to save my whole money in bitcoin and wait for 5 to 10 years to grow my money. this is a good question you've got. i will recommend this to my family also about this matters. coz they know that i'm saving my money thru bitcoin..
its profitable to save for a long time because bitcoins prices are on the ever increase ride and no matter how it tumbles it will rise back up again and so you ll not loose if you invest into it in the long term.
that's right people will realize that bitcoin has a real value that it will give as max potential, no matter the price is still bitcoin is always pumping and keeps going up trend.. this is the best investment of a lifetime..
For sure it is because we have seen it dump and now it's back to it's normal trend, when we keep holding our bitcoin we can expectwe'll get great benefits on it because it will make us more profitable as the value will continue to rise.
Instead of wait and hope, why do you not own your chance? You can create the opportunity make money through trading Bitcoin with day trade. Honestly, I don't like saving Bitcoin for a long time though my wallet still have an amount for saving long term, but the profits you can earn from trading will be better than holding.
To date, I have seen couple of those who have been disappointed in keeping Bitcoin for a long time. But this isn't an easy task... right now Bitcoin is more stable, but years back, unpredictability was insane.
Why so? Because as much as I know the value of the bitcoin is very high and it is giving the profit to the thousands of the people and this is the reason the bitcoin is increasing in the value and the price I hope the bitcoin will be the best currency so no need to lose the hope and the bitcoin will give the value to the people who are having the fun in the bitcoin now I know how to use the bitcoin and how to increase the bitcoin power just be patient.
Yes ofcourse, i would love to save my whole money in bitcoin and wait for 5 to 10 years to grow my money. this is a good question you've got. i will recommend this to my family also about this matters. coz they know that i'm saving my money thru bitcoin..
its profitable to save for a long time because bitcoins prices are on the ever increase ride and no matter how it tumbles it will rise back up again and so you ll not loose if you invest into it in the long term.
that's right people will realize that bitcoin has a real value that it will give as max potential, no matter the price is still bitcoin is always pumping and keeps going up trend.. this is the best investment of a lifetime..
For sure it is because we have seen it dump and now it's back to it's normal trend, when we keep holding our bitcoin we can expectwe'll get great benefits on it because it will make us more profitable as the value will continue to rise.
Instead of wait and hope, why do you not own your chance? You can create the opportunity make money through trading Bitcoin with day trade. Honestly, I don't like saving Bitcoin for a long time though my wallet still have an amount for saving long term, but the profits you can earn from trading will be better than holding.
Right, I also do not like to wait for a long time, I prefer to get profit from daily trading with altcoin, there is no guarantee that the future prices can skyrocket. We never know what's going on with the future so the best thing we can do is find as much profit as possible and in a short time.
why so many people store their bitcoin in their wallet for a long time, whether the benefits will they get?
Come share your thoughts
Yeah It is! It is the reason why many people are holding their bitcoin because of the benefits that they can get in the future. All of the investors have a faith to the bitcoin that it will gonna increase in the following years. Bitcoin has potential so it is better to hold it in a long time.
why so many people store their bitcoin in their wallet for a long time, whether the benefits will they get?
Come share your thoughts
I think that the benefit of saving for a long time is obvious. Bitcoin's price has doubled in the last few months. So if you save Bitcoin in a wallet for a long time then you can increase your money several times. This is a much more stable way of earning Bitcoin than trading or gambling. This is a great long-term investment.
I do not think we can get a huge profit in just over 3 years, compared with a mutual fund that takes at least 10 years to get 200% profit or gold that takes more than 25 years to get 100% profit.
even just within 1 year bitcoin has increased more than 600%. I remember when earlier in the year of 2017 bitcoin is still around $1000 and this time around $6000 even reached ATH $7500. so it's really been proven, bitcoin very profitable for the long term even short-term.
It takes patience if we invest, it is not possible in a short time we can get a huge profit, and this also applies to bitcoin, keeping at least 3 years then we will get profit up to thousands of percent.
there are many benefits i currently save bitcoin to help in hard times but instead of simply keeping it in a wallet i deposited on yolodice and invested in its bankroll i made 15% profit till now we should save by investing in bankroll
My own point of view to this is that, it is much better to save bitcoin for a long span of time because of its fast changing exchange rate. As time goes by, everyone notice how bitcoin benefits all users in its very high rates. So meaning it is a great idea saving bitcoin because of the fact that the longer you save bitcoin the more you experience its fast rising exchange rate. This is one good reason why we consider bitcoin as the number one currency among all others. You get to experince its biggest value even if you stored it for quite some time. So it would be very advisable to save it rather than spend it not in normal manner.
|
To link to the entire object, paste this link in email, IM or documentTo embed the entire object, paste this HTML in websiteTo link to this page, paste this link in email, IM or documentTo embed this page, paste this HTML in website
P.R. Wins Senate Battle To Make CCC Permanent Government Agency
Editorial Offices RI • 4111, Sta. 227 Night - PR ■ 4776
SOUTHERN
Volume XXVIII
CALIFORNIA
TROJAN
United Press World Wide News Service
Los Angeles, California, Friday, May 21, 1837
Number 141
troy To Honor
Sen
olars
Faculty Procession in Academic Robes To Precede Special Assembly in Bovard;
Di. von KleinSmid Will Preside
In recognition of outstanding intellectual achievement, r s c. students will honor 32 scholarship fraternities this Ktning at a special assembly in Bovard auditorium when pal Scholarship day is observed on campus.
Faculty members will don their academic robes and file
Bovard in processional form ¥-—.......
Archibald Sessions, at the • I i
Smirl Is New
Ljule of the organ, plays the pro-Mon march.
g,j<ed In the front rows of Bo-auditorlum. more than 400 students will rise as the fac-tTmembers enter and take their ta in a special section of the Mtcrium.
OIF. TO SING
Dr Rufus 3. von KleinSmid will ide over ihe program, which will j with three numbers by the [ftppella choir. With Prof. John man directing, the choir will
K. Ballentine Henley, coordin-llw officer, stated yesterday lhat indent* to be honored at the thtl»r*hlp assembly will not wear ap and gowns. Faculty mem-lm rill report at Ihe Hall of M!en« »t 9:50 a.m. lor the fac-ilT profession.
Bawls "Hymn to Raphael." its of the Village" 'Russian folk and Thlman's “Oh No, John.” Dr. von KleinSmid will then make telcomlng and recognition ad-. after which he will introduce jssembly speaJcer, Prof. Louis ier Wright, staff member of Henry E. Huntington library irt gallery.
TIRES AT CALTECH
i member of Phi Beta Kappa, lessor Wright will address those ittendance on "Scholarship and Author of several books on Ssh literature, the speaker is J-known for his research work literature fields, and at the preside Is lecturer in English at ■orma Institute of Technology, k past years an all-day affair.
tribute to Troy’s scholars be confined to the morning as-Special programs listing members of the various honor-*111 be circulated at the as-
Greek Head
Four Olhers Elected For Inlerfralernily Council Positions
Bob Smirl, Trojan Knight and member- of Sigma Phi Epsilon social fraternity, was unanimously elected president of the Interfraternity council for 1937 last night during the council's meeting at the Phi Kappa Psi house.
Other Greek men selected as officers for the coming year were Burt Lewis, Zeta Beta Tau. vice-president; Art Manella. Tau Epsilon Phi, secretary; and Bob Van Bus-kirk, Phi Kappa Tau, treasurer. Bob Trapp, outgoing president, wa.s presented a key as a token of esteem by the council's members.
As a finale to a year of interfratemity competition tn the field of sports, plans were announced for a giant "Bunion Derby" to be run Tuesday night, June 1. A team of four men from each Greek house will compete in the race, to be held over a one and one-half mile course.
In an effort to improve the council's present constitution, a committee comprised of Lewis, Jim Hogan, Tom Guernsey, Manella, and Horace Proulx were appointed by Trapp to revise the pjesent document over the summer months.
RED ATTACK ON TROTSKY INTENSIFIED
MOSCOW. Priday, May 21—OJ.D —The government today intensified its drive against "Trotskyists" and spies following the execution of 44 persons at Svobodny, Siberia, for allegedly planning to blow1 up the trans-Siberian railroad in a Japanese plot.
Orders were issued to guards along the 6000-mile new doubletrunk railroad to increase precautions aaginst "Trotskyists” allegedly in the pay of Japanese secret service police.
Investigations of widespread sabotage ln Russian industries, revealed in the government organ, Pravda, were speeded up.
The investigations spread to the army, which was reshuffled in a new decree placing military control in the hands of party leaders and War Commissar Klementi E Voroshilov, reportedly to eliminate the possibility of espionage among trusted army officers.
deavour I drift at Sea Une Breaks
^'PORT. R I May 20—tU.PI—
0 M Sopwith's Endeavour I,
*t* here a.s a possible challeng-*the America's Cup yatch races,
» convoy 900 miles off New-/ then her towline parted at wipht of a 55-mile gale, but opposed ly continuing the Jour-
1 aider her own sail, according sports here today.
>rt of the mishap, brought i I *convoy motor Viva, fail-L warm officials of the Herre.s-Wrds at Bristol where Endea-. which arrived under tow is tied up.
. Haffenreffer. general man-“ the Herreshoff yards, said Wf is undue excitement |
L e whole thing.” j LITCHFIELD. 111., May 20— (I'.Ri—
n, ?. defender like Endeavour ' Five hundred coal miners began a sit-down strike tonight a half mile underground in the shaft of the Superior Coal company at Wilsonville. near here.
The miners, members of the Progressive Miners of America, went on strike because of dlssatlsfaction over division of work a strike leader said ln a telephone conversation from the mine shaft.
The miners sat down as their shift ended at 7 p.m.
George Wilcox, mine superintendent, said the men had "no reason to strike."
Batt le Over CCC Is Won By Roosevelt
President's Victory Is Followed by Defeat In Economy Fight
WASHINGTON. May 20 —(U.R*_
President Roosevelt lost a $3,200,000 economy fight in the "pork-hungry” house late today but won an easy victory In the senate to make the Civilian Conservation corps— his favorite new deal project—a permanent agency.
Earlier he had bowed to house Democrats rebelling against his sweeping economy drive, by agreeing to support a $25,000,000 emergency flood control program for the Ohio valley this year. Thus Mr. Roosevelt reversed the position he took 4 fortnight ago when he urged that flood control authorizations be deferred until the next session of congress.
BLANK CHECK INDICATED
Although the revolting house torpedoed plans of Mr. Roosevelt and its own appropriations committee to economize on the interior department appropriation bill, there were indications that the Democratic majority would £ive the president another blank check for $1,500,000,000 to finance relief during the coming fiscal year. The work-relief bill was placed before the chamber today with a charge by Rep. Clifford A. Woodrum. D„ Virginia, that racketeers are keeping up the cost of federal aid to the destitute.
Woodrum. who led a futile fight in committee to slice the appropriation $500,000,000 in the interest of economy, said caustically that such a reduction would not provide "a liberal allowance for the relief racketeers keeping hanging onto the trough—not a liberal allowance for socialistic or idealistic experiments.” SUPPLY BILL INCREASED
Action by the house ln increasing the Interior supply bill approximately $2,060,000 over this year's grant, $3,200,000 over budget estimates, and $7,800,000 over the appropriation committee's recommendations did not startle democratic leaders. Other supply bills have been passed and sent to the senate calling for appropriations substantially below budget estimates.
But the interior bill embraces such vote-getting projects as vocational education, parks, highways, and reclamation work which, in the political vernacular, go under the general title of "pork." For example, the appropriations committee recommended $7,241,500 for vocational aid to states. The budget bureau recommended $4,241,500 and warned that to increase this amount would be "wasteful and unnecessary.”
SPEAKER
Coal Miners Begin Strike
“ able to take the sea with
Proper
rig ri. the towing yacht.
. ot alarmed. Unless we get
,10 th<“ contrary we feel ftdeavour I ls pretty safe.”
ni the
®s'dents ice
i'.he'T’^ Cia'V w‘1* ke observed «Knh:^P^s the University
HI 'l Cal*fornla today with------
* iDel'r. ‘ The I
[? memi Wl11, ** Lr,uis B Homiston To Lead
* « th the research
*>■ and ry E Hunt‘ngton Meditation Service
W, art Sallery
i . Nowine sohoHnio
Professor Fox Appointed YMCA Advisor
Appointment of Robert Fox, professor of civil engineering, as faculty advisor for the YMCA was made public last night by Wallace Dorman, president, at a dinner at Clifton’s cafe.
"We include all races in our activities." said Dorman in his banquet speech last night. "The influential program of the 'Y' is not limited to the campus, but is carried throughout southern California by deputation teams which represent the university before hundreds annually."
Students appointed to serve on YMCA committees next year include Floyd Cunningham and Harold Porter, membership; Bruce Kurrle, re-crention; Floyd Bunill. finances; Herbert Klein, publicity; Herbert Archibald religion; Edward Gron-eck. conferences: Arthur Guy. program; George Bchwelger, international relations; and David Bradley, deputation.
Boris Morros, music director of Paramount studios, will be one of the speakers at the cinematography banquet in the Foyer of Town and Gown tonight.
Film Dinner To Be Tonight
Outstanding Film Notables Will Be Given Awards
Outstanding achievement in the motion ptcturc industry will receive j official recognition here tonight Then film notables gather for the fourth annual American Institute of | Cinematography banquet in the Foyer of Town and Gown. The af- | fair will begin at 7:30 p.m
The evening's program will be directed by master of ceremonies | Howard Estabrook. Paramount stu-does’ screen-writer and producer. Among the principal speakers will be Dr. Lee de Forest, noted American Inventor; Coningsby Dawson, j British author; and Dr. J. Eugene I Harley, chairman of the department of political science.
ZUKOR TO TALK
Shorter talks will be given by Boris Morros, music director of Paramount studios; Adolph Zukor. producer; and Cecil B. de Mille. director and producer, of the same stu-| dios; and Slavko Vorkapich, MGM I speclal-effects man.
[ An integral part of the evening's J plans will be the awarding of J achievement diplomas and honorary | memberships in the institute to i members of the film colony who have distinguished themselves in some branch of the Industry. These | awards are regarded as second in Importance only to the academy . statuettes.
j STUDENT TICKETS AVAILABLE
Prominent among the guests will be Paul Muni, Anita Louise, Douglas Scott, Grant Mitchell, Rouben Ma-moulian, William Dieterle, Merian A. Cooper, and Barrett Kiesling.
Special student tickets for the program alone have been made available at the cashier's office ln J the bookstore for 50 cents.
Regular tickets at $2 a plate for > the banquet and program can be | obtained at the cinematography office, 120 Old College.
Sigma Sigma Will Sponsor Kids Camp
Religious Conference Board Offers Site In Big Pines Area
For the first time in its history, U.S.C. will maintain a summer camp for Los Angeles' underprivileged children ln July through the combined efforts of thc University Religious Conference and Sigma Sigma, junior men's honorary.
To aid the Sigma Sigmas in carrying out the project for which they recently sponsored a benefit show on campus, the religious group yesterday offered its camp site and equipment at Big Pines, donated two years ago by Los Angeles county.
FORMERLY RUN BY U.C.L.A.
During the two years, thc University Religious Conference has maintained a summer camp for underprivileged children on the site,
Mauri Kantro. Sigma Sigma ptcf ident. announced yesterday that there will be a mwling of all members of the junior men's honorary in the men's lounge at 9:50 o’clock this morning to discuss plans for thf summer ramp.
known as University camp. Previously the camp has been paid for and run by the U.C.L.A. campus religious group, and this will be U SC.'s first opportunity to have a session of its own.
Counselors at the camp will be U.S.C. men who will be chosen by a committee composed oi Margaret King, head of the Trojan Religious Conference; Mauri Kantro, Sigma Sigma president; and Thomas S. Evans, executive secretary of the Religious conference. TROJANS TO APPLY FOR JOBS Trojan men wishing to apply for positions as counselors at flic camp may leave cards stating their names and qualifications on the desk in the Religious Conference office, 230 Student Union and will later be interviewed by the committee.
Youngsters who attend the camp will be chosen by the Family Welfare association, a city federation of social agencies. Approximately 40 boys can be accommodated for the 2-week session.
By working together on the camp for the university. Sigma Sigma and the Religious Conference hope to establish It as a permanent project, and later to provide for a perpetual fund for its maintenance.
Hal Roberts Resigns As Band Director
Dramatists To Present Famous Play Scenes
Semester examinations • will be taken by students in the advanced dramatics class Tuesday and Thursday when they present a series of scenes from outstanding plays in Touchstone theater.
Among the plays from which scenes will be taken are "Hamlet," "First Mrs. Fraser,” “Cradle Song," "Cyrano de Bergerac," "Petrified Forest," and “Ah Wilderness."
Senior Week Ticket Sale Ends Monday
Requesting graduating seniors to "act immediately," Leonard FUich, I senior class president, announced I yesterday that ticket sales for senior week program will close Monday.
Priced at $6 50. the tickets will ! admit seniors to all events sched-| uled for senior week, and in addl-I tlon. the alumni dues for next year | arc Included. Tickets may be purchased in 427 Student Union.
The announcement of a definite deadline for the purchase of tickets follows a number of postponements by the senior week committee ! DEADLINE IS DEFINITE j "There positively will not be any sale of tickets after Monday," Finch said. "We feel that seniors ! should have the opportunity to be j with their classmates during the I week, but because of the proximity of graduation, we feel justified in calling Monday the dead-! line."
Senior week will begin May 29 when baccalaureate services will take place In the Coliseum, and it will be terminated June fi when the seniors receive thetr diplomas. BALL INCLUDED
Holders of senior week tickets wlll be entitled to admission to the senior “swing", ln the evening following the baccalaureate services. Tire dance location will be announced later by thc committee.
Admission and dinner for two persons for the senior ball, final event j on the program, are included in the j ticket. Arrangements for thc ball are under the direction of Mauri 1 Kantro.
PICNIC SCHEDULED | Among the other event"! to which the tickets will admit bearers is a | picnic to be given at Pop's Willow'
| lake May 31. Jack Privett, chair-i man of the picnic committee, lias planned a program of games, swim-j mlng. and a barbecue for the day.
I The senior play will be presented in Bovard auditorium as a senior week event June 2 at 8 p.m. The committee In charge of this part of the program is romposed of Lucille Hoff and Bob Norton.
Ivy day ceremonies and a senior assembly will take place on the morning of June 3 In the afternoon. Dr. and Mrs. Rufus B von KleinSmid will be hosts to the graduationg students nt their home. 10 Chester place, from 3 to 5 p.m.
RESIGNS POST
U.S.C. Organizations
schedule will gov
•Mso m<>ming:
N:50
hJi^bly,
U:2C
a B. von KleinSmid.
President
j Student meditation services will j be conducted at 7:30 o'clock this morning in the Little Chapel of Sil-j ence by Robert M Homiston. pres-j Ident of the School of Religion | student body.
j Homiston will replace Dr. Carl S | Knopf, dean of the School of Religion. who regularly conduct* the i service.
California Labor Bill Defeated
SACRAMENTO. May 20 — Il'P)— The latest legislative attempt to salvage a program to create a state labor mediation board failed tonight when the senate linance committee lefused to approve the McGovern bill to set up a board to which labor disputes could be appealed
The bill resulted from a conier-ence of labor, industrial, and agricultural representatives who admitted that other measures on the subject stood no chance of final passage. It proposed merely to create a mediation board of five which would investigate labor troubles and aid in attempting to settle them.
Sigma Della Pi
Initiation, a dinner, and a specch by Prof. Margaret Husson of Pomona college will be the program of the evening for members of Sigma Delta Pi. honorary Spanish society, tomorrow night at the Arcade hotel.
The initiation will start at 6:30 p.m. and the dinner will be ai 7:30 p.m.
Inlerfralernily Alumni
Tlie interfratemity alumni asso elation of southern California will entertain prominent alumni from every fraternity on the campus in their annual spring banquet tonight at the University club, according to an announcement released to house presidents yesterday.
Phi Lambda Uprilon
O ficers of Pin Lambda Upsilon national honorary chemical .society, were chtsen yesterday for the coming year. Those elected were Roy Newsom, president; Andrew Craw-sen. vice-president; Norman Crawford. secretary-treasurer; and Dr Leroy S. Weatherby, counselor.
Initiation of five new members will take place in the men's grill tonight. Those to be initiated are Lee Struble, Leroy Poor man, Harry McCracken, Chester Stevens, and , Karl Otto van Kelienbach.
Della Kappa Alpha
The filial meeting of Della Kappa Alpha, national honorary and professional cinematography fraternity, will take place at Scully's resaurant, 4801 South Crenshaw boulevard, Sunday, at 5:30 p.m.
Oregg Toland. chief cameraman at United Artists, wlll be elected to honorary membership.
Sigma Bela Chi
Capt. Frank Jansen, former captain of the Leviathan, will speak to members of Sigma Beta Chl, national trade and transportation fraternity, when they convene for Iheir last mreting of the semester at 12 15 pin. today ln Elisabeth von KleinSmid hall. The speaker's sub-j ject is "Tales of the Sea.”
Skull and Moriar
| Pledges of Skull and Mortar, honorary pharmaceutical service organization for men. will meet In 304 Science building at 9:55 a.m. today, according to Masy Masuyka. secretary of the society.
Westminster
j The Rev. Donald O Stewart, ad-| viser of the Westminster club, wlll 1 preside at a meeting of th* U.S.O. Presbyterian society today at 12:20 j p.m. tn 332 Student Union.
Lancers Will Elect Next Year s Officers Monday
To elect officers for the next school year, members of the Trojan Lancers will gaiher In Bovard auditorium at 10 o'clock Monday morning, when nomination and acceptance speeches will be given for Bill Quinn, John Rose, and Louis Tarleton. candidates for non-org president.
Those wishing membership on the Lancer administrative board will be presented, and opportunity will be given for further nominations from the floor.
Students who have filed petitions for offices on the Lancer administrative unit are Bill Andreve, Evelyn Bard. Wallace Dorman, Frances Dunn. Louisa Gllllngworth, Jean Haygood. Mary Chun Lee. Harold Porter. 8hirley Rothschild, and Emil Sady.
Petitions for tlie non-org positions can be obtained from the Student Union cashier, but must be returned to the window by 3 oclock this afternoon.
.ai old William Roberts, Trojan band director, yesterday tendered his resignation from the U.S.C. staff. Dr. R. B. von KleinSmid indicated the resignation will be accepted.
Dissertation To Be Printed
Book Is First U.S.C. Doctorate Work To Be Published
Word whs received yesterday by Ivan Benson, associate professor of journalism, that his Ph. D. dissertation has been accepted for publication by the Stanford University press. Thc acceptance marks the first time a dissertation from tlie U.S.C. Graduate School has gone Into publication.
Professor Benson received the notification during thc day on which he took his final examination for the degree of doctor of philosophy. Dr. Rockwell D. Hunt, dean of the Graduate School, stated last night that Benson has passed the examination and will be recommended for the degree ln June.
The book ls beir.g edited now, and ! Its title when published will probably be "Mark Twain In the West," according to thc author.
J "Tiie Western Development of Mark Twain” ls the title of Pro-. fcssor Benson’s dissertation. It ls a study concerned with the development of Mark Twain as a writer during the five and one-half years [ he was ln the western port of the United States.
Composed of heretofore unknown of 8amuel Clemens, the dissertaUon material on this period In the life refutes falsehoods and myths which have been associated with the humorist by his various biographers. Included ln the work are 67 unreprinted newspaper articles written by Mark Twain and published during his 5-year stay In the West.
Trojan Music Head Leaves September 1
Culminating 11 years of service as founder and director of the musical organizations department, Harold William Roberts tendered his resignation to Dr. Rufus B. von KleinSmid yesterday, asking to br relieved of his duties after September 1.
Roberts, who has been considering a business career for the past tn i years, made his decision following a short conference with von KleinSmid Wednesday. The president announced yesterday that thc resignation would be accepted at Roberts’ own request.
AT U. S. C. SINCE 1926 Graduating from U. S C. ln 192(1, lie whs appointed director of musical organizations. Through his efforts the band, orchestra, glee clubs, and A Cappella choir were reorganized Into one department, ln 11)26 he designed the present musical organizations building behind Mudd hall, from which the first collcgiate band broadcast was made In the same year over KMTR.
starting with a unit of 30 musicians In the first year, Roberts Has developed the band into one of the outstanding collegiate groups in the country, directing a Trojan football band of over 200 last season. He stated that 3000 men have participated in the Trojan band alone since he became director.
OLYMPIC MUSIC SUPERVISOR Well-known ln civic centers, the director of musical organizations Is a prominent Elk and technical director for 20th Century-Fox studios. In 1934 he was appointed chairman of military affalls committee for the Junior Chamber of Commerce. Much of the musical details and programs during the i Xth Olympiad was under his su-j pervlslon.
Expressing regret at terminating I his work with U. 6, C., Roberts said j that he had been formulating definite plans on entering a business during the past two weeks. He wlll finish this semester in hls present capacity, however, as tiie reslgna-j tlon does not function until the fall term.
Five Oil Tanks Explode At Huntington Beach
HUNTINGTON BEACH, May 20 —il’ i'i—A half block of this B'ath city was in flames tonight after a well belonging to the Pacific Coast Oil company exploded, police reported.
Five oil tanks exploded after the initial blast, lt was said, ar.d the fire was spreading.
Fire department officials reported that the entire force was called out to avert spread of the flames | to hundreds of other oil derricks • in th* viouinj.
Trouble Averted In Hitler Ridicule
WASHINGTON. May 20—<l’.U> Tlie state department probably wlll not reply to Informal representations by the German embassy against George Cardinal Mundelein's criticism of Chancellor Adolf Hitler as "an Austrian paper hanu-er, and a poor one at that," Secretary Cordell Hull said tonight.
The department’s position wa.s made known after a series of swift, behind-the-scenes maneuvers had headed off International complications similar to those caused by Mayor Fiorello H LaGuardia of New York, two months ago, when he suggested Hitler for a “chamber of horrors" at the forthcoming New York World's fair.
Studio Workers Desert FMPC Strike
By United Press,
Members of the Studio Utility Workers union bolted the strike ranks of the Federated Motion Picture Crafts last night by signing an independent agreement with producers. granting them a union shop and a 15-cent-an-hour wage Increase.
The group, consisting of studio laborers, wlll return to work within a few days, Joseph Marshall, thelr International vice-president announced.
Their loss was a severe blow to the FMPC, which had been struggling io preserve a united Iront in the face of three previous defections.
With the laborers withdrawing from the federation, thc strike ranks were reduced to seven unions.
Tlie Utility Workers group was the second largest unit ln the FM PC which earlier had been deserted by the costumers, machinists and culinary workers unions.
Thesis Deadline Is Today at 5 p.m.
The deadline for the submission of theses will be 5 p.m. today, Miss Ruth Boknett, secretary to Dean Rockwell D. Hum, stated yesterday.
Candidates who have had their theses accepted by student thesis committees aie eligible to submit them for degrees not later than this afternoon at the Graduate School ofllo*.
Trojan Women Win Awards
Out of an insurance class of 45 students. Pauline McCarty and Gertrude Lindgren. College of Commerce students, were awarded fust and second places, respectively, m a letter writing contest telling th* advantages of insurance. The contest was sponsored by the life insurance underwriters association of Los Angeles, during national insurance week.
First prize of $35 was awarded to j Miss McCarty, graduate student, formerly of Butler university.
Miss LUidgren is president of Pht Chi Theta, national professional ' women's commerce society, and • I member of CUoumu.
P.R. Wins Senate Battle To Make CCC Permanent Government Agency
Editorial Offices RI • 4111, Sta. 227 Night - PR ■ 4776
SOUTHERN
Volume XXVIII
CALIFORNIA
TROJAN
United Press World Wide News Service
Los Angeles, California, Friday, May 21, 1837
Number 141
troy To Honor
Sen
olars
Faculty Procession in Academic Robes To Precede Special Assembly in Bovard;
Di. von KleinSmid Will Preside
In recognition of outstanding intellectual achievement, r s c. students will honor 32 scholarship fraternities this Ktning at a special assembly in Bovard auditorium when pal Scholarship day is observed on campus.
Faculty members will don their academic robes and file
Bovard in processional form ¥-—.......
Archibald Sessions, at the • I i
Smirl Is New
Ljule of the organ, plays the pro-Mon march.
g,jrt of the mishap, brought i I *convoy motor Viva, fail-L warm officials of the Herre.s-Wrds at Bristol where Endea-. which arrived under tow is tied up.
. Haffenreffer. general man-“ the Herreshoff yards, said Wf is undue excitement |
L e whole thing.” j LITCHFIELD. 111., May 20— (I'.Ri—
n, ?. defender like Endeavour ' Five hundred coal miners began a sit-down strike tonight a half mile underground in the shaft of the Superior Coal company at Wilsonville. near here.
The miners, members of the Progressive Miners of America, went on strike because of dlssatlsfaction over division of work a strike leader said ln a telephone conversation from the mine shaft.
The miners sat down as their shift ended at 7 p.m.
George Wilcox, mine superintendent, said the men had "no reason to strike."
Batt le Over CCC Is Won By Roosevelt
President's Victory Is Followed by Defeat In Economy Fight
WASHINGTON. May 20 —(U.R*_
President Roosevelt lost a $3,200,000 economy fight in the "pork-hungry” house late today but won an easy victory In the senate to make the Civilian Conservation corps— his favorite new deal project—a permanent agency.
Earlier he had bowed to house Democrats rebelling against his sweeping economy drive, by agreeing to support a $25,000,000 emergency flood control program for the Ohio valley this year. Thus Mr. Roosevelt reversed the position he took 4 fortnight ago when he urged that flood control authorizations be deferred until the next session of congress.
BLANK CHECK INDICATED
Although the revolting house torpedoed plans of Mr. Roosevelt and its own appropriations committee to economize on the interior department appropriation bill, there were indications that the Democratic majority would £ive the president another blank check for $1,500,000,000 to finance relief during the coming fiscal year. The work-relief bill was placed before the chamber today with a charge by Rep. Clifford A. Woodrum. D„ Virginia, that racketeers are keeping up the cost of federal aid to the destitute.
Woodrum. who led a futile fight in committee to slice the appropriation $500,000,000 in the interest of economy, said caustically that such a reduction would not provide "a liberal allowance for the relief racketeers keeping hanging onto the trough—not a liberal allowance for socialistic or idealistic experiments.” SUPPLY BILL INCREASED
Action by the house ln increasing the Interior supply bill approximately $2,060,000 over this year's grant, $3,200,000 over budget estimates, and $7,800,000 over the appropriation committee's recommendations did not startle democratic leaders. Other supply bills have been passed and sent to the senate calling for appropriations substantially below budget estimates.
But the interior bill embraces such vote-getting projects as vocational education, parks, highways, and reclamation work which, in the political vernacular, go under the general title of "pork." For example, the appropriations committee recommended $7,241,500 for vocational aid to states. The budget bureau recommended $4,241,500 and warned that to increase this amount would be "wasteful and unnecessary.”
SPEAKER
Coal Miners Begin Strike
“ able to take the sea with
Proper
rig ri. the towing yacht.
. ot alarmed. Unless we get
,10 th■ and ry E Hunt‘ngton Meditation Service
W, art Sallery
i . Nowine sohoHnio
Professor Fox Appointed YMCA Advisor
Appointment of Robert Fox, professor of civil engineering, as faculty advisor for the YMCA was made public last night by Wallace Dorman, president, at a dinner at Clifton’s cafe.
"We include all races in our activities." said Dorman in his banquet speech last night. "The influential program of the 'Y' is not limited to the campus, but is carried throughout southern California by deputation teams which represent the university before hundreds annually."
Students appointed to serve on YMCA committees next year include Floyd Cunningham and Harold Porter, membership; Bruce Kurrle, re-crention; Floyd Bunill. finances; Herbert Klein, publicity; Herbert Archibald religion; Edward Gron-eck. conferences: Arthur Guy. program; George Bchwelger, international relations; and David Bradley, deputation.
Boris Morros, music director of Paramount studios, will be one of the speakers at the cinematography banquet in the Foyer of Town and Gown tonight.
Film Dinner To Be Tonight
Outstanding Film Notables Will Be Given Awards
Outstanding achievement in the motion ptcturc industry will receive j official recognition here tonight Then film notables gather for the fourth annual American Institute of | Cinematography banquet in the Foyer of Town and Gown. The af- | fair will begin at 7:30 p.m
The evening's program will be directed by master of ceremonies | Howard Estabrook. Paramount stu-does’ screen-writer and producer. Among the principal speakers will be Dr. Lee de Forest, noted American Inventor; Coningsby Dawson, j British author; and Dr. J. Eugene I Harley, chairman of the department of political science.
ZUKOR TO TALK
Shorter talks will be given by Boris Morros, music director of Paramount studios; Adolph Zukor. producer; and Cecil B. de Mille. director and producer, of the same stu-| dios; and Slavko Vorkapich, MGM I speclal-effects man.
[ An integral part of the evening's J plans will be the awarding of J achievement diplomas and honorary | memberships in the institute to i members of the film colony who have distinguished themselves in some branch of the Industry. These | awards are regarded as second in Importance only to the academy . statuettes.
j STUDENT TICKETS AVAILABLE
Prominent among the guests will be Paul Muni, Anita Louise, Douglas Scott, Grant Mitchell, Rouben Ma-moulian, William Dieterle, Merian A. Cooper, and Barrett Kiesling.
Special student tickets for the program alone have been made available at the cashier's office ln J the bookstore for 50 cents.
Regular tickets at $2 a plate for > the banquet and program can be | obtained at the cinematography office, 120 Old College.
Sigma Sigma Will Sponsor Kids Camp
Religious Conference Board Offers Site In Big Pines Area
For the first time in its history, U.S.C. will maintain a summer camp for Los Angeles' underprivileged children ln July through the combined efforts of thc University Religious Conference and Sigma Sigma, junior men's honorary.
To aid the Sigma Sigmas in carrying out the project for which they recently sponsored a benefit show on campus, the religious group yesterday offered its camp site and equipment at Big Pines, donated two years ago by Los Angeles county.
FORMERLY RUN BY U.C.L.A.
During the two years, thc University Religious Conference has maintained a summer camp for underprivileged children on the site,
Mauri Kantro. Sigma Sigma ptcf ident. announced yesterday that there will be a mwling of all members of the junior men's honorary in the men's lounge at 9:50 o’clock this morning to discuss plans for thf summer ramp.
known as University camp. Previously the camp has been paid for and run by the U.C.L.A. campus religious group, and this will be U SC.'s first opportunity to have a session of its own.
Counselors at the camp will be U.S.C. men who will be chosen by a committee composed oi Margaret King, head of the Trojan Religious Conference; Mauri Kantro, Sigma Sigma president; and Thomas S. Evans, executive secretary of the Religious conference. TROJANS TO APPLY FOR JOBS Trojan men wishing to apply for positions as counselors at flic camp may leave cards stating their names and qualifications on the desk in the Religious Conference office, 230 Student Union and will later be interviewed by the committee.
Youngsters who attend the camp will be chosen by the Family Welfare association, a city federation of social agencies. Approximately 40 boys can be accommodated for the 2-week session.
By working together on the camp for the university. Sigma Sigma and the Religious Conference hope to establish It as a permanent project, and later to provide for a perpetual fund for its maintenance.
Hal Roberts Resigns As Band Director
Dramatists To Present Famous Play Scenes
Semester examinations • will be taken by students in the advanced dramatics class Tuesday and Thursday when they present a series of scenes from outstanding plays in Touchstone theater.
Among the plays from which scenes will be taken are "Hamlet," "First Mrs. Fraser,” “Cradle Song," "Cyrano de Bergerac," "Petrified Forest," and “Ah Wilderness."
Senior Week Ticket Sale Ends Monday
Requesting graduating seniors to "act immediately," Leonard FUich, I senior class president, announced I yesterday that ticket sales for senior week program will close Monday.
Priced at $6 50. the tickets will ! admit seniors to all events sched-| uled for senior week, and in addl-I tlon. the alumni dues for next year | arc Included. Tickets may be purchased in 427 Student Union.
The announcement of a definite deadline for the purchase of tickets follows a number of postponements by the senior week committee ! DEADLINE IS DEFINITE j "There positively will not be any sale of tickets after Monday," Finch said. "We feel that seniors ! should have the opportunity to be j with their classmates during the I week, but because of the proximity of graduation, we feel justified in calling Monday the dead-! line."
Senior week will begin May 29 when baccalaureate services will take place In the Coliseum, and it will be terminated June fi when the seniors receive thetr diplomas. BALL INCLUDED
Holders of senior week tickets wlll be entitled to admission to the senior “swing", ln the evening following the baccalaureate services. Tire dance location will be announced later by thc committee.
Admission and dinner for two persons for the senior ball, final event j on the program, are included in the j ticket. Arrangements for thc ball are under the direction of Mauri 1 Kantro.
PICNIC SCHEDULED | Among the other event"! to which the tickets will admit bearers is a | picnic to be given at Pop's Willow'
| lake May 31. Jack Privett, chair-i man of the picnic committee, lias planned a program of games, swim-j mlng. and a barbecue for the day.
I The senior play will be presented in Bovard auditorium as a senior week event June 2 at 8 p.m. The committee In charge of this part of the program is romposed of Lucille Hoff and Bob Norton.
Ivy day ceremonies and a senior assembly will take place on the morning of June 3 In the afternoon. Dr. and Mrs. Rufus B von KleinSmid will be hosts to the graduationg students nt their home. 10 Chester place, from 3 to 5 p.m.
RESIGNS POST
U.S.C. Organizations
schedule will gov
•Mso m<>ming:
N:50
hJi^bly,
U:2C
a B. von KleinSmid.
President
j Student meditation services will j be conducted at 7:30 o'clock this morning in the Little Chapel of Sil-j ence by Robert M Homiston. pres-j Ident of the School of Religion | student body.
j Homiston will replace Dr. Carl S | Knopf, dean of the School of Religion. who regularly conduct* the i service.
California Labor Bill Defeated
SACRAMENTO. May 20 — Il'P)— The latest legislative attempt to salvage a program to create a state labor mediation board failed tonight when the senate linance committee lefused to approve the McGovern bill to set up a board to which labor disputes could be appealed
The bill resulted from a conier-ence of labor, industrial, and agricultural representatives who admitted that other measures on the subject stood no chance of final passage. It proposed merely to create a mediation board of five which would investigate labor troubles and aid in attempting to settle them.
Sigma Della Pi
Initiation, a dinner, and a specch by Prof. Margaret Husson of Pomona college will be the program of the evening for members of Sigma Delta Pi. honorary Spanish society, tomorrow night at the Arcade hotel.
The initiation will start at 6:30 p.m. and the dinner will be ai 7:30 p.m.
Inlerfralernily Alumni
Tlie interfratemity alumni asso elation of southern California will entertain prominent alumni from every fraternity on the campus in their annual spring banquet tonight at the University club, according to an announcement released to house presidents yesterday.
Phi Lambda Uprilon
O ficers of Pin Lambda Upsilon national honorary chemical .society, were chtsen yesterday for the coming year. Those elected were Roy Newsom, president; Andrew Craw-sen. vice-president; Norman Crawford. secretary-treasurer; and Dr Leroy S. Weatherby, counselor.
Initiation of five new members will take place in the men's grill tonight. Those to be initiated are Lee Struble, Leroy Poor man, Harry McCracken, Chester Stevens, and , Karl Otto van Kelienbach.
Della Kappa Alpha
The filial meeting of Della Kappa Alpha, national honorary and professional cinematography fraternity, will take place at Scully's resaurant, 4801 South Crenshaw boulevard, Sunday, at 5:30 p.m.
Oregg Toland. chief cameraman at United Artists, wlll be elected to honorary membership.
Sigma Bela Chi
Capt. Frank Jansen, former captain of the Leviathan, will speak to members of Sigma Beta Chl, national trade and transportation fraternity, when they convene for Iheir last mreting of the semester at 12 15 pin. today ln Elisabeth von KleinSmid hall. The speaker's sub-j ject is "Tales of the Sea.”
Skull and Moriar
| Pledges of Skull and Mortar, honorary pharmaceutical service organization for men. will meet In 304 Science building at 9:55 a.m. today, according to Masy Masuyka. secretary of the society.
Westminster
j The Rev. Donald O Stewart, ad-| viser of the Westminster club, wlll 1 preside at a meeting of th* U.S.O. Presbyterian society today at 12:20 j p.m. tn 332 Student Union.
Lancers Will Elect Next Year s Officers Monday
To elect officers for the next school year, members of the Trojan Lancers will gaiher In Bovard auditorium at 10 o'clock Monday morning, when nomination and acceptance speeches will be given for Bill Quinn, John Rose, and Louis Tarleton. candidates for non-org president.
Those wishing membership on the Lancer administrative board will be presented, and opportunity will be given for further nominations from the floor.
Students who have filed petitions for offices on the Lancer administrative unit are Bill Andreve, Evelyn Bard. Wallace Dorman, Frances Dunn. Louisa Gllllngworth, Jean Haygood. Mary Chun Lee. Harold Porter. 8hirley Rothschild, and Emil Sady.
Petitions for tlie non-org positions can be obtained from the Student Union cashier, but must be returned to the window by 3 oclock this afternoon.
.ai old William Roberts, Trojan band director, yesterday tendered his resignation from the U.S.C. staff. Dr. R. B. von KleinSmid indicated the resignation will be accepted.
Dissertation To Be Printed
Book Is First U.S.C. Doctorate Work To Be Published
Word whs received yesterday by Ivan Benson, associate professor of journalism, that his Ph. D. dissertation has been accepted for publication by the Stanford University press. Thc acceptance marks the first time a dissertation from tlie U.S.C. Graduate School has gone Into publication.
Professor Benson received the notification during thc day on which he took his final examination for the degree of doctor of philosophy. Dr. Rockwell D. Hunt, dean of the Graduate School, stated last night that Benson has passed the examination and will be recommended for the degree ln June.
The book ls beir.g edited now, and ! Its title when published will probably be "Mark Twain In the West," according to thc author.
J "Tiie Western Development of Mark Twain” ls the title of Pro-. fcssor Benson’s dissertation. It ls a study concerned with the development of Mark Twain as a writer during the five and one-half years [ he was ln the western port of the United States.
Composed of heretofore unknown of 8amuel Clemens, the dissertaUon material on this period In the life refutes falsehoods and myths which have been associated with the humorist by his various biographers. Included ln the work are 67 unreprinted newspaper articles written by Mark Twain and published during his 5-year stay In the West.
Trojan Music Head Leaves September 1
Culminating 11 years of service as founder and director of the musical organizations department, Harold William Roberts tendered his resignation to Dr. Rufus B. von KleinSmid yesterday, asking to br relieved of his duties after September 1.
Roberts, who has been considering a business career for the past tn i years, made his decision following a short conference with von KleinSmid Wednesday. The president announced yesterday that thc resignation would be accepted at Roberts’ own request.
AT U. S. C. SINCE 1926 Graduating from U. S C. ln 192(1, lie whs appointed director of musical organizations. Through his efforts the band, orchestra, glee clubs, and A Cappella choir were reorganized Into one department, ln 11)26 he designed the present musical organizations building behind Mudd hall, from which the first collcgiate band broadcast was made In the same year over KMTR.
starting with a unit of 30 musicians In the first year, Roberts Has developed the band into one of the outstanding collegiate groups in the country, directing a Trojan football band of over 200 last season. He stated that 3000 men have participated in the Trojan band alone since he became director.
OLYMPIC MUSIC SUPERVISOR Well-known ln civic centers, the director of musical organizations Is a prominent Elk and technical director for 20th Century-Fox studios. In 1934 he was appointed chairman of military affalls committee for the Junior Chamber of Commerce. Much of the musical details and programs during the i Xth Olympiad was under his su-j pervlslon.
Expressing regret at terminating I his work with U. 6, C., Roberts said j that he had been formulating definite plans on entering a business during the past two weeks. He wlll finish this semester in hls present capacity, however, as tiie reslgna-j tlon does not function until the fall term.
Five Oil Tanks Explode At Huntington Beach
HUNTINGTON BEACH, May 20 —il’ i'i—A half block of this B'ath city was in flames tonight after a well belonging to the Pacific Coast Oil company exploded, police reported.
Five oil tanks exploded after the initial blast, lt was said, ar.d the fire was spreading.
Fire department officials reported that the entire force was called out to avert spread of the flames | to hundreds of other oil derricks • in th* viouinj.
Trouble Averted In Hitler Ridicule
WASHINGTON. May 20— Tlie state department probably wlll not reply to Informal representations by the German embassy against George Cardinal Mundelein's criticism of Chancellor Adolf Hitler as "an Austrian paper hanu-er, and a poor one at that," Secretary Cordell Hull said tonight.
The department’s position wa.s made known after a series of swift, behind-the-scenes maneuvers had headed off International complications similar to those caused by Mayor Fiorello H LaGuardia of New York, two months ago, when he suggested Hitler for a “chamber of horrors" at the forthcoming New York World's fair.
Studio Workers Desert FMPC Strike
By United Press,
Members of the Studio Utility Workers union bolted the strike ranks of the Federated Motion Picture Crafts last night by signing an independent agreement with producers. granting them a union shop and a 15-cent-an-hour wage Increase.
The group, consisting of studio laborers, wlll return to work within a few days, Joseph Marshall, thelr International vice-president announced.
Their loss was a severe blow to the FMPC, which had been struggling io preserve a united Iront in the face of three previous defections.
With the laborers withdrawing from the federation, thc strike ranks were reduced to seven unions.
Tlie Utility Workers group was the second largest unit ln the FM PC which earlier had been deserted by the costumers, machinists and culinary workers unions.
Thesis Deadline Is Today at 5 p.m.
The deadline for the submission of theses will be 5 p.m. today, Miss Ruth Boknett, secretary to Dean Rockwell D. Hum, stated yesterday.
Candidates who have had their theses accepted by student thesis committees aie eligible to submit them for degrees not later than this afternoon at the Graduate School ofllo*.
Trojan Women Win Awards
Out of an insurance class of 45 students. Pauline McCarty and Gertrude Lindgren. College of Commerce students, were awarded fust and second places, respectively, m a letter writing contest telling th* advantages of insurance. The contest was sponsored by the life insurance underwriters association of Los Angeles, during national insurance week.
First prize of $35 was awarded to j Miss McCarty, graduate student, formerly of Butler university.
Miss LUidgren is president of Pht Chi Theta, national professional ' women's commerce society, and • I member of CUoumu.
|
Noticeboard
To access a routine GP appointment during the out of hours period, Monday to Friday 6.30 - 8.00pm, Saturdays 8 and to 2pm and Sundays 8am to midday, please call 0113 206 2049. Outside of these hours, please contact Ashfield Medical Centre to book.
Clinical pharmacist
We now have a clinical pharmacist working at the practice. As a specialist in medicine, you can see her if you have medication related problems to discuss rather than seeing a GP. As at reception.
Leeds Care Record
There are over 300 clinical computer systems in Leeds. They all hold clinical information about patients who have used services provided by their GP, at a local hospital, community healthcare, social services or mental health teams. Each record may hold slightly different information.
The Leeds Care Record brings together certain important information from different clinical systems so that medical information held about a patient is centralised into one easy-to-use database.
All of your medical records will still be strictly confidential. They will only be looked at by health and social care professionals who are directly involved in your care.
The Leeds Care Record will support people working in health and adult social care services to provide you with better and more joined up care. It will make care safer because everyone involved in treating you will have access to the most up-to-date and accurate information about the medicines you are taking and any allergies that you have. It will also help to avoid unnecessary or duplicate tests and procedures, and reduce paperwork for doctors, nurses and other staff, giving them more time to spend on patient care.
Zoe Berry is a nurse specialist within the acute medicine early discharge assessment team at the Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust. She says: “I have been waiting for a system like this to come along for years. It will save so much time and make patient care safer and more cohesive. At present, my team have to access five different databases in order to obtain information so we can get the full picture of our patients.”
You can choose not to have a Leeds Care Record. It is your choice but sharing your medical and social care information through a Leeds Care Record will make it easier to provide the best quality care and support for you. If you have any doubts about your records being shared you can talk to the information governance team at the Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust. Their telephone number is 0113 20 64102.
|
WOODSTOCK — The Billings Farm and Museum will show the award-winning film “Even the Rain” as part of the third annual Woodstock Vermont Film Series at 3 p.m. today.
Spanish director Sebastián, his executive producer, and crew are in Bolivia to shoot a motion picture about Christopher Columbus and his treatment of the native population. Sebastián chooses Bolivia as the location because of a tight film budget and things go smoothly until a conflict erupts over the privatization of the water supply.
Sebastian hires local actors to appear in his film but one of them is a leading activist in the protest movement and the film’s completion is in doubt. “Even the Rain” was nominated for Best Film at the European Film Awards and has won 16 awards.
Tickets for members are $9 for adults and $5 for children. Nonmembers are $11 for adults and $6 for children.
For a list of screenings and ticket information, call 457-2355 or visit www.billingsfarm.org/filmfest. The Billings Farm and Museum is on Route 12 in Woodstock.
|
Horizons
Horizons is a great template for you to quickly and easily have access to the latest design trends, eCommerce best practices, and SEO friendly markup.
Summary
Horizons is a responsive template for wineries of any size that have a great bank of photography they want to make the most of on their homepage. This template uses a masonry grid to arrange blocks of photos, and provide links to your content directly from the homepage.
Features:
Feature banner with welcome message
Flexible grid to mix and match images and links
Newsletter promotion and sign up
Twitter feed
Facebook link
Powerful search integration
Technical Details:
Responsive template: optimized to display well across all device sizes
Support for all modern browsers: Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Microsoft Edge, and IE 11
|
/*
* libjingle
* Copyright 2013, Google Inc.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
*
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
* derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
* WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
* MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO
* EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
* SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
* PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS;
* OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
* WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
* OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF
* ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
//downloaded from https://code.google.com/p/libjingle/source/browse/trunk/talk/base/?r=273
#ifndef TALK_BASE_IFADDRS_ANDROID_H_
#define TALK_BASE_IFADDRS_ANDROID_H_
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
// Implementation of getifaddrs for Android.
// Fills out a list of ifaddr structs (see below) which contain information
// about every network interface available on the host.
// See 'man getifaddrs' on Linux or OS X (nb: it is not a POSIX function).
struct ifaddrs {
struct ifaddrs* ifa_next;
char* ifa_name;
unsigned int ifa_flags;
struct sockaddr* ifa_addr;
struct sockaddr* ifa_netmask;
// Real ifaddrs has broadcast, point to point and data members.
// We don't need them (yet?).
};
int getifaddrs(struct ifaddrs** result);
void freeifaddrs(struct ifaddrs* addrs);
#endif // TALK_BASE_IFADDRS_ANDROID_H_
|
NHL and the NHL Shield are registered trademarks and NHL Mobile name and logo, NHL GameCenter and Unlimited NHL are trademarks of the National Hockey League. NHL and NHL team marks are the property of the NHL and its teams.
Morning Skate Report: Flames vs. Red Wings
There is no doubt the Red Wings top two lines can be lethal offensively. Through their opening eight games of the 2013 campaign, they have rattled off 18 of the team's 21 goals. Johan Franzen, Damien Brunner, Valtteri Filppula and Todd Bertuzzi have all been key contributors for the Red Wings, regularly generating scoring chances and producing offensively.
But Henrik Zetterberg and Pavel Datsyuk have to be considered Detroit's best weapons up front. The pair, who have each played all eight games this year, have 22 points between them. Zetterberg, the team leader in scoring, has potted five goals and 12 points while Datsyuk has three tallies and 10 points to his name.
According to rearguard TJ Brodie, the key to shutting down such highly skilled players is denying them time and space in the neutral and defensive zones.
“It’s tough to make plays when there are guys all over you and you don’t have much time to think or pursue the play. That will be big,” the 22 year old said. “I think playing a little physical on them too – knocking them off pucks and letting them know it’s not going to be an easy game.”
WORKING OFF THE POSITIVES FROM SATURDAY
The word domination could very well be used when describing how the Flames played against Chicago on Saturday night but despite putting 49 shots on Ray Emery – and holding the Blackhawks to just 19 shots –Calgary fell 3-2 in a shootout.
Rather than dwelling on the result of that outing, the Flames are looking to build off of the positives that stemmed from the loss.
“We did a lot of good things,” Brodie said. “For a team like Chicago to only get 19 shots, that’s definitely a good feeling.”
One thing the team is focusing on is capitalizing on chances. From shots going just wide of an empty net to whiffing on passes, the Flames had puck luck on Saturday but, in Brodie’s mind, no one should feel that Chicago just had fortuitous bounces. Instead, they have to harbor the attitude that they have to get better on jumping on scoring opportunities.
“We have to take advantage of the chances that we get. We’ve got to find a way to win.”
DETROIT LINEUP NOTES
Former Flame Ian White will likely return to the Red Wings lineup tonight. He suffered a leg laceration on Jan. 22 and has been out ever since.
Detroit’s back-end took a hit on Saturday when Brendan Smith suffered a shoulder sprain after taking a hit from Columbus' Derek MacKenzie. He is expected to be out for three to four weeks.
Tatar has been brought in to help kick-start Detroit's offence, which has relied heavily on their top-six forwards. The Red Wings third and fourth lines have only one point in between them - a Patrick Eaves assist on a Zetterberg tally.
The forward will play on a line with Datsyuk and Filppula.
“I’m going to try my best,” he said after the Red Wings morning skate. “Maybe … score a goal. That would be really nice for me.”
Forward Darren Helm (back) and Carlo Caliacovo (shoulder) will not play tonight. Defenceman Jakub Kindl will sit as a healthy scratch while Brian Lashoff will jump back into the lineup in his place.
CLIPPING THE WINGS
Mike Cammalleri has had great success against the Wings throughout his career, recording 18 points (9 goals, 9 helpers) in 19 games. He faced off against Detroit once last season, scoring one goal on four shots in his 19:54 of ice time.
Captain Jarome Iginla has seen his fair share of the boys from Motor City over the last 15 seasons. He's played 60 games against the Red Wings, scoring 20 goals and 54 points - an average of .90 points-per-game. While Iginla is still in search of his first goal of the year, he has posted four points in his last five games. The winger is also leading the Flames in shots on net with 25 through six games.
Calgary's current scoring leader Alex Tanguay has played quite well against Detroit over the years. He has notched 11 goals and 32 points through 36 contests, an average of .89 points-per-game. The forward is heading into tonight's tilt on a five-game point streak.
While three games is an extremely small sample size, TJ Brodie has been very effective for the Flames when facing the Red Wings. Two of the defenceman's 12 assists last year came against Detroit and he averaged 16:21 of ice time versus the Red Wings.
Jiri Hudler has quite the grasp on Red Wings playing style and individual tendencies. After all, the Red Wings second round pick in 2002 did play five full seasons in Detroit before signing with Calgary last July. Given his knowledge of the opposition, there is a very good chance the Czech forward could push his point streak to four games in tonight's contest.
NHL and the NHL Shield are registered trademarks and NHL Mobile name and logo, NHL GameCenter and Unlimited NHL are trademarks of the National Hockey League. NHL and NHL team marks are the property of the NHL and its teams.
|
The Girls Next Door: Kendra's Pickle-Party-Slash-Baby-Shower
Playboy and pickles, that sounds about right. The very pregnant Kendra Wilkinson had her baby shower recently, and it was more of a surprise for us when we saw her toting a jar of pickles around. We can guess that she's been craving them, but all other logic regarding that fails me right now.
Anyway, in attendance were, of course, her Girls Next Door co-stars. Bridget Marquardt and Holly Madison threw her the baby shower, which was held the other night at the home of Playboy Mansion secretary Mary O'Connor. Kendra's former flame, the recently divorced Hugh Hefner was also present, accompanied by those Shannon twins on both arms.
Before they headed for the shower, Hef updated his Twitter account. He posted, "The girls are going to Kendra's baby shower today. Crystal, the Twins, Holly, Bridget & Kendra will all be there. How can I stay away?"
The theme was apparently Candyland, throwing in the very crazy idea of pickles and ice cream. Bridget and Holly arrived at the Los Angeles home early to decorate, hauling in tons of blue streamers in honor of Kendra's son. Cupcakes and lollipops livened up the place as well, and some of them were even baked by Marquardt herself.
"Just got done baking, frosting and decorating a ton of mini cupcakes for Kendra's shower tomorrow...It's been a busy day. I'm exhausted," Bridget wrote on Twitter the day before. She's certainly trying her best to throw a pickle party.
As for Kendra, she obviously had an amazing time. Receiving the ultimate gift of a jar of pickles wasn't the only highlight of her baby shower. There was the wtf-sight of a grown man wearing a baby suit, being cuddled by The Girls Next Door. No, it wasn't Hef. Whew.
|
26
Feb
Engadget – LG’s G6 is official
The LG G6 is official, but it’s not much of a surprise. We already knew that the G5’s modular capabilities were out, in favor of a more traditional aluminium and Gorilla Glass shell. We also knew that the phone would have an unusual 18:9 display, and…
|
Sven Dietrich Spearheads the SkyNET Drone Project
9/20/2011
Recently, a team from Stevens Institute of Technology showed off a remote-controlled aerial vehicle loaded with technology designed to automatically detect and compromise wireless networks. The project demonstrated that such drones could be used to create an airborne botnet controller for a few hundred dollars.
Attackers bent on network reconnaissance could use such drones to find a weak spot in corporate and home Internet connections, said Sven Dietrich, an assistant professor of computer science at Stevens, who led the development of the drone.
"You can bring the targeted attack to the location," continued Dietrich. "Our drone can land close to the target and sit there – and if it has solar power, it can recharge – and continue to attack all the networks around it."
Dietrich and two of his students, Ted Reed ’11 and Joe Geis ‘11, presented details of their drone, dubbed SkyNET, at the USENIX Workshop on Offensive Technologies, co-located with the USENIX Security Conference in San Francisco, in mid-August. They used a quadricopter – a toy that costs less than $400 – to carry a lightweight computer loaded with wireless reconnaissance and attack software. They controlled the homemade drone with a 3G modem and two cameras that send video back to the attacker. It cost less than $600 to build.
The researchers showed that the drone can even be used to create and control a botnet – a network of compromised computers. Instead of controlling a botnet via a command-and-control server on the Internet – a common technique that can lead investigators back to the operator – the hackers can issue commands via the drone. This method creates an "air gap" – where two systems, or networks, are physically separated – that could prevent investigators from identifying those responsible for an attack.
"The SkyNET drone project originated as a class project in the advanced cybersecurity class CS675 (Threats, Exploits, and Countermeasures) given in the spring 2011 semester,” explained Dietrich. “There students such as Ted and Joe had an opportunity to apply their computer and network security skills working with me on a project with real-world impact, publish their work at a well-known security conference, and now continue on the cutting-edge beyond graduation."
|
NO. 07-10-00476-CV
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE SEVENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
AT AMARILLO
PANEL D
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUGUST 19, 2011
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IN THE INTEREST OF S.J.P.P., A CHILD
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FROM THE COUNTY COURT AT LAW NO. 3 OF LUBBOCK COUNTY;
NO. 2010-551,141; HONORABLE JUDY C. PARKER, JUDGE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Before QUINN, C.J., and CAMPBELL and PIRTLE, JJ.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Appellant, Bill, appeals from the trial court's order terminating his parental rights to his child, S.J.P.P. He presents two issues. We will overrule his issues and affirm the judgment of the trial court.
Background
Bill and Daniele were married and had a son, S.J.P.P, born in May 2003. The parties divorced in January 2005. At that time, Bill was named possessory conservator, was not ordered to pay child support, and had visitation at any time mutually agreed by the parties. At the time of the divorce, both parties were incarcerated for forgery of the same check. Daniele was sentenced to one year and Bill to 15 years.
On April 13, 2010, Daniele filed a petition to terminate Bill's parental rights and to change the child's name. In that petition, Daniele alleged Bill's parental rights should be terminated under subsections (F), (H) and (Q) of Family Code § 161.001(1). Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 161.001(1)(F), (H), (Q) (West 2009). A hearing was held on the petition on October 5, 2010. Bill's request for a bench warrant to attend the hearing was denied but he participated via telephone.
At the hearing, the court heard testimony that Daniele took S.J.P.P. to see Bill while he was in prison but the visits ended when the child was five months old. Since then, Bill has continually written to his son, making effort to stay in contact with him. He also took several educational and behavior modification classes while incarcerated, including a gang renouncement class, parenting classes, anger management classes, and four substance abuse classes. He also became a certified painter, estimator and appraiser and worked toward an associate's degree in business administration. He has a job prospect when he is released that will earn him $3000 per month. In April 2010, he was required to, and did take, a "Changes One" class. This class is a prerequisite for being released on parole and, according to Bill, may be taken only when release is expected within two years.
The court concluded the hearing without ruling and later issued a letter ruling, followed by an order, terminating Bill's parental rights under § 161.001(1)(Q). It is from that order Bill now appeals.
Analysis
By his two issues on appeal, Bill argues the evidence presented at the hearing was legally and factually insufficient to support termination of his parental rights under Family Code § 161.001(1)(Q) because he presented evidence showing he would be paroled before the expiration of that subsection's two-year period and showing he would be able to care for S.J.P.P. during his incarceration.
The natural right that exists between parents and their children is one of constitutional dimension. In re J.W.T., 872 S.W.2d 189, 194-95 (Tex. 1994). A parent's right to "the companionship, care, custody and management" of his children is a constitutional interest "far more precious than any property right." Santosky v. Kramer, 455 U.S. 745, 758-59, 102 S.Ct. 1388, 1397, 71 L.Ed.2d 599 (1982) (quoting Stanley v. Illinois, 405 U.S. 645, 651, 92 S.Ct. 1208, 1212, 31 L.Ed.2d 551 (1972)). Therefore, in a case terminating parental rights, the proceedings are strictly scrutinized, and the involuntary termination statutes are strictly construed in favor of the parent. Holick v. Smith, 685 S.W.2d 18, 20 (Tex. 1985).
Termination of parental rights is a drastic remedy and is of such weight and gravity that due process requires the petitioner to justify termination by "clear and convincing evidence." Spangler v. Texas Dept. of Prot. & Reg. Servs., 962 S.W.2d 253, 256 (Tex. App.-- Waco 1998, no pet.). This standard is defined as "that measure or degree of proof which will produce in the mind of the trier of fact a firm belief or conviction as to the truth of the allegations sought to be established." Id.; Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 161.001 et. seq (West 2010). In a proceeding to terminate the parent-child relationship brought under section 161.001 of the Texas Family Code, the movant must establish by clear and convincing evidence two elements: (1) one or more acts or omissions enumerated under subsection (1) of section 161.001 and (2) that termination is in the best interest of the child. Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 161.001 (West 2010); Swate v. Swate, 72 S.W.3d 763, 766 (Tex.App.-- Waco 2002, pet. denied). The factfinder must find that both elements are established by clear and convincing evidence, and proof of one element does not relieve the petitioner of the burden of proving the other. Holley v. Adams, 544 S.W.2d 367, 370 (Tex. 1976); Swate, 72 S.W.3d at 766.
In a legal sufficiency review, a court should look at all the evidence in the light most favorable to the finding to determine whether a reasonable trier of fact could have formed a firm belief or conviction that its finding was true. In re J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d 256, 266 (Tex. 2002). In this context, looking at the evidence in the light most favorable to the judgment means that a reviewing court must assume that the factfinder resolved disputed facts in favor of its finding if a reasonable factfinder could do so. Id. A corollary to this requirement is that a court should disregard all evidence that a reasonable factfinder could have disbelieved or found to have been incredible. Id.
In determining a factual-sufficiency point, the higher burden of proof in termination cases also alters the appellate standard of review. In re C.H., 89 S.W.3d 17, 26 (Tex. 2002). "[A] finding that must be based on clear and convincing evidence cannot be viewed on appeal the same as one that may be sustained on a mere preponderance." Id. at 25. In considering whether evidence rises to the level of being clear and convincing, we must consider whether the evidence is sufficient to reasonably form in the mind of the factfinder a firm belief or conviction as to the truth of the allegation sought to be established. Id. We consider whether disputed evidence is such that a reasonable factfinder could not have resolved that disputed evidence in favor of its finding. J.F.C., 96 S.W.3d at 266. "If, in light of the entire record, the disputed evidence that a reasonable factfinder could not have credited in favor of the finding is so significant that a factfinder could not reasonably have formed a firm belief or conviction, then the evidence is factually insufficient." Id.
Subsection 161.001(1)(Q) allows termination of parental rights when a parent knowingly has engaged in criminal conduct, resulting in the parent's conviction of an offense, and the parent is both incarcerated and unable to care for the child for at least two years from the date the termination petition was filed. Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 161.001(1)(Q) (West 2010). Incarceration and a parent's inability to provide care are separate requirements for termination of parental rights under subsection 161.001(1)(Q)(ii). In re E.S.S., 131 S.W.3d 632, 639 (Tex. App.-- Fort Worth 2004, no pet.); In re B.M.R., 84 S.W.3d 814, 818 (Tex. App.-- Houston [1st Dist.] 2002, no pet.). Subsection Q's two-year time period applies prospectively. In re A.V., 113 S.W.3d 355, 360 (Tex. 2003).
That Bill knowingly engaged in criminal conduct and was convicted and incarcerated is not disputed. Bill's challenge focuses on the evidence his incarceration will continue for at least two years from the date the termination petition was filed, that is, until April 13, 2012, and that he will be unable to care for his son during that time. Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 161.001(1)(Q).
Bill testified he would be considered for parole in July 2011. He also acknowledged he was denied parole in July 2010 and his long-term projected release date is March 5, 2018. A letter from the Texas Department of Corrections was admitted into evidence, confirming this information. As noted, Bill testified he participated in a pre-release class in which only inmates expected to be released within two years may participate. He attributed his denial of parole in July 2010 to the fact he then had not yet completed the pre-release class.
Evidence of the availability of parole is relevant to determine whether the parent will be released within two years of the date the termination petition was filed. In re H.R.M., 209 S.W.3d 105, 108 (Tex. 2006) (per curiam). However, mere introduction of parole-related evidence does not prevent a fact-finder from forming a firm conviction or belief that the parent will remain incarcerated for at least two years. Id. Parole decisions are inherently speculative, and while all inmates doubtless hope for early release and can take positive steps to improve their odds, the decision rests entirely with the parole board. Id. Evidence of participation in a pre-release program available to inmates within two years of parole does not preclude a finding the parent will remain incarcerated. Id.
While the evidence illustrated the possibility of Bill's release prior to April 13, 2012, as the court determined on a similar record in H.R.M., such evidence did not prevent the trial court from forming a firm belief or conviction he would remain incarcerated after that date. H.R.M., 209 S.W.3d at 109. The trial court was free to credit and give greater weight to the facts Bill was serving a 15-year sentence, had once been denied parole, and had a projected release date of March 5, 2018. Id. Viewing the evidence under the proper standards, we find the evidence before the trial court was sufficient to permit the court to form a firm conviction or belief Bill would remain incarcerated until at least April 13, 2012.
We find the evidence similarly sufficient that Bill would be unable to care for his son during his incarceration. We note initially that the requirement of showing an inability to care for a child is not met by evidence of incarceration alone. In re Caballero, 53 S.W.3d 391, 396 (Tex.App. -- Amarillo 2001, pet. denied) (addressing term "care" in subsection (Q)). At the same time, evidence that the child resides with his mother does not preclude a finding Bill is unable to provide for him. See H.R.M., 209 S.W.3d at 110 (absent evidence non-incarcerated parent agreed to care for child on behalf of incarcerated parent, merely leaving child with non-incarcerated parent does not constitute ability to provide care). Courts have determined that the factors to be considered when deciding whether an incarcerated parent is unable to care for a child include the availability of financial and emotional support. See, e.g., In re B.M.R., 84 S.W.3d 814, 818 (Tex.App. -- Houston [1[st] Dist.] 2002, no pet.). Holding that subsection Q applies prospectively rather than retroactively, the court in A.V., described its aim as ensuring "that the child will not be neglected," because a parent "will be unable to provide for" the child during incarceration. A.V., 113 S.W.3d at 360. Daniele testified Bill never provided support to S.J.P.P. She testified she alone supported their son and Bill was not ordered to pay child support. Bill acknowledges that until he is released, he has neither the means to provide financial support to his son nor anyone willing to care for S.J.P.P. in his stead.
Bill has not seen his child since S.J.P.P. was five months old. Bill argues on appeal, however, that he stayed in contact with S.J.P.P. by writing letters to him and thus provided him emotional support. He highlights his effort to maintain contact, including filing a motion for enforcement at one point, seeking to obtain a mailing address for his son. While Bill is correct that emotional support is an important element of care for a child, the concept of "care" in subsection Q clearly involves more than emotional support. Caballero, 53 S.W.3d at 396. The evidence to which Bill points speaks not at all, for example, to how S.J.P.P. will be fed, clothed, sheltered, or educated until Bill is released, or how the boy will be ensured the presence of nurturing adults. See In re E.S.S., 131 S.W.3d at 640 (incarcerated parent proposed mother and brother as possessory conservators with visitation rights).
We overrule Bill's challenges to the sufficiency of the evidence termination was warranted under Family Code § 161.001(1)(Q). As noted, Bill does not challenge the court's finding that termination was in his son's best interest. Accordingly, we affirm the judgment of the trial court.
James T. Campbell
Justice
|
36 Mich. App. 211 (1971)
193 N.W.2d 412
PEOPLE
v.
RODGERS
Docket No. 8675.
Michigan Court of Appeals.
Decided October 1, 1971.
Leave to appeal granted December 16, 1971.
Frank J. Kelley, Attorney General, Robert A. Derengoski, Solicitor General, William L. Cahalan, Prosecuting Attorney, Dominick R. Carnovale, Chief, Appellate Department, and Thomas P. Smith, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for the people.
Samuel A. Turner, for defendant on appeal.
Before: J.H. GILLIS, P.J., and R.B. BURNS and LEVIN, JJ.
Leave to appeal granted December 16, 1971, 386 Mich 776.
J.H. GILLIS, P.J.
Defendant, Larry Douglas Rodgers, appeals his conviction by a jury of the offense of robbery armed.[1] The offense occurred on March 7, 1969, at approximately 8:40 p.m. in the City of Ecorse, Michigan.
The victim testified that while he was driving his automobile it was bumped from behind by another vehicle. The complainant observed that the car which struck him had no lights on and he immediately pulled to the curb. The other car pulled *215 parallel to complainant's car. Mr. Walker, the complainant, rolled down the window and noticed that the other car was occupied by five or six men. One man, sitting in the right front seat of the striking vehicle, said "We don't think there is much damage". Mr. Walker got out of his car to inspect the damage; he left his vehicle running and the lights on. Mr. Walker stated that one of the occupants of the striking automobile ran past him just as he reached the rear of his car to inspect the damage. This individual got into Mr. Walker's car, and when Mr. Walker rushed back this person leaped out with a gun in hand. The gun wielder pointed it at Mr. Walker saying, "I got a gun, I got a gun". The complainant testified that the remaining occupants of the striking vehicle got out of their car and began "working me over", and one of them took the complainant's wallet from his back right pocket. Mr. Walker identified the person with the gun as defendant, Larry Douglas Rodgers, and testified that the defendant pointed the gun at complainant's face and struck him with it. The assailants attempted to force Mr. Walker into his own automobile, but Mr. Walker ran from them at his first opportunity. After he traveled about 25 or 30 feet, he was shot in the back. The bullet struck about an inch from the spine at belt level. Mr. Walker ran to the nearest house where the occupants summoned police.
Patrolman Ohannasian of the Melvindale Police Department testified that on the morning of March 8, 1969, at approximately 12:45 a.m., he and his partner drove into a White Castle restaurant parking lot where he observed the complainant's automobile parked.[2] Officer Ohannasian testified that *216 the car was empty, and thus the officers drove out of the parking lot to a point nearby where continued surveillance could be made. The officer testified that he observed defendant and a young lady enter the car. At that moment the officers drove back into the lot and parked behind the automobile in question. Defendant was placed under arrest.
At trial, the victim identified defendant as the assailant who held the gun on him.
The defense was alibi. Defendant claimed he was at a high school basketball game at the time the robbery was committed. The defense produced several witnesses to substantiate this argument. One of those who testified on defendant's behalf was Samuel King. On direct examination Mr. King stated that he met the defendant at a basketball game and that they were together for the remainder of the evening. Later in the course of the trial, the prosecution recalled the investigating officer, Detective Taylor, who read, over defendant's objection, a statement he allegedly took from witness King at the time Taylor interviewed him:[3]
"The witness [Detective Taylor]: This is the statement of Samuel King taken by Detective Charles Taylor at 2249 South Electric, Detroit, Michigan. Time: 1:30 a.m. Saturday, June 14, 1969: `I went to the game that night. I saw Larry there but it wasn't until after the game. Anyway, the game was over I don't know what time it was but Larry did not go to the Castle with me. We were parked in the Castle parking lot. Larry might have come over sometime during the time he was at the Castle and got in my car and got right back out but he didn't go to the Castle with me. They told me *217 to say that he was with me but I told them I wasn't going to lie for them and I didn't want to get involved.'
"This is what he told me."
The court overruled the objection following the prosecutor's explanation that the evidence was being introduced solely for impeachment purposes. The statement was not read to prove the truth or falsity of witness King's prior testimony. Instead, it was read to contradict the prior testimony. The statement is not hearsay information as that term is evidentially understood.
"Testimony, the truth of which is not to disprove the crime but which if believed would tend to discredit the witnesses, cannot be classed as hearsay." Smith v. United States (CA6, 1960), 283 F2d 16, 20, cert den 365 US 847 (81 S Ct 808, 5 L Ed 2d 811).
In accord: United States v. 88 Cases, More or Less, Containing Bireley's Orange Beverage (CA3, 1951), 187 F2d 967, 974; Carantzas v. Iowa Mutual Insurance Co. (CA5, 1956), 235 F2d 193, 196; Young v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co. (CA4, 1957), 244 F2d 333, 337.
Nor is the use of witness Taylor's memorandum statement an example of present memory improperly refreshed. For unlike present memory refreshed, the document referred to by the testifying witness was not set aside. People v. Thomas (1960), 359 Mich 251; People v. Redman (1969), 17 Mich App 610. Instead, this document was read into the record.
The memorandum now in question allegedly is Detective Taylor's verbatim transcription of his interview with witness King. Its contents, if actually stated by witness King and accurately recorded *218 by Detective Taylor, constitute a prior inconsistent out-of-court statement. To introduce such a prior inconsistent statement, the laying of a proper foundation is required. Osborne v. United States (CA9, 1967), 371 F2d 913, cert den 387 US 946 (87 S Ct 2082, 18 L Ed 2d 1335); People v. Keller (1933), 261 Mich 367. The foundation was laid when Mr. King, on cross-examination, was challenged with the information he allegedly gave Detective Taylor:
"Q. Do you know this man right here sitting in front of me?
"A. I don't know him.
"Q. You don't know him?
"A. No.
"Q. Do you know who he is?
"A. I know he is a detective.
"Q. Do you know what his name is?
"A. Taylor.
"Q. Taylor?
"A. Yeah.
"Q. All right. Is today the first day you ever saw him?
"A. No.
"Q. Did he come to see you over the weekend?
"A. Yes.
"Q. Did you talk to him over the weekend?
"A. Yes.
"Q. Did you tell him anything different than you told us here today?
"A. No.
"Q. Did you tell Detective Taylor, when he came to see you this weekend, that this man had never been in your car on that evening and wasn't riding with you that evening?
"A. No, I didn't.
"Q. And you hadn't been with him a whole year at that time?
"A. No.
*219 "Q. Did you tell the detective that?
"A. No.
"Q. You didn't?
"A. No.
"Q. You are sure about that, huh?
"A. Yes."
Witness King denied ever telling Detective Taylor anything which was inconsistent with his trial testimony. When the prosecution recalled Detective Taylor to refute this, he testified:
"Q. Did you take a written statement from Mr. King?
"A. I wrote it down and Mr. King was talking.
"Q. As Mr. King was talking to you, you wrote it down?
"A. Yes, exactly word for word what he said.
"Q. All right, I'm going to show you a piece of paper and ask you if you can identify that.
"A. Yes.
"Q. All right, can you tell me what it represents to you?
"A. That is a statement Mr. King given [sic] to me by him."
Detective Taylor also testified that Mr. King declined to sign this statement because he "did not want to get involved".
Detective Taylor's memorandum was introduced solely to impeach Mr. King's prior in-court testimony. It is generally held that a witness may be impeached by showing that his testimony upon a material matter is inconsistent with a prior statement made by him. 3A Wigmore on Evidence, §§ 1017-1022, pp 993-1018; McCormick on Evidence § 36, pp 66-67. A witness may be impeached by producing written statements which are inconsistent with the testimony given at the trial. 1 Underhill's *220 Criminal Evidence (5th ed), § 230, p 531. Michigan courts have traditionally allowed written statements made at the direction of the witness to be later used to impeach the witness's prior testimony. People v. Kennedy (1895), 105 Mich 434; People v. Tice (1897), 115 Mich 219; People v. Dellabonda (1933), 265 Mich 486; People v. DeBeaulieu (1944), 308 Mich 173. Witness King allegedly told witness Taylor what he knew. The memorandum, written in the hand of witness Taylor, represents the summary of that interview. Whether it is a verbatim transcription or the conclusions of witness Taylor is for the finder of fact to determine. However, in either instance it represents an alleged contradictory position to witness King's in-court testimony, and for the purposes of impeachment, was admissible. People v. Nemeth (1932), 258 Mich 682.
Furthermore, the trial court correctly instructed the jury that they could only consider this evidence for impeachment purposes. People v. Durkee (1963), 369 Mich 618. The court advised the jury that they could not consider the statement of King as recited by witness Taylor for the purpose of its truth nor could it be considered as substantive evidence. He further advised the jury that they could consider this testimony only for the purpose of testing the credibility of the witness.
We find no error in this regard. Other questions raised on appeal have been considered, and we find no reversible error.
Affirmed.
R.B. BURNS, J., concurred.
LEVIN, J. (dissenting).
I am in full agreement with my colleagues that the people were entitled to *221 impeach the credibility of a witness who testified in support of the defendant's alibi by showing that the witness told a different story to a detective than the one he related at the trial. Plainly, incontrovertibly, that is the law.
The real issue not touched on in the majority opinion concerns the manner in which the people were allowed to prove the prior inconsistent statement.
Over the objection of the defendant's lawyer, the trial judge allowed the detective to read a written statement he wrote out at the time of his conversation with the alibi witness; the witness had refused to sign the statement. The judge ruled that the detective could read the statement under the exception to the hearsay rule for past recollection recorded. In that ruling the judge erred on the facts of this case.
I.
The defendant was convicted of committing the offense of armed robbery. The defense was alibi.[1] The defendant claimed that he was at a high school basketball game at the time of the robbery. Sixteen of his friends, among them, Samuel King, supported various time sequences of his alibi.
*222 The trial commenced on a Thursday and ended the following Wednesday. On the intervening Saturday King was interviewed by a detective. King testified on Monday.
On direct examination, King said that he met the defendant at the game at halftime, was with him during the second half and left the game with him and other persons in King's automobile. The group made two stops and then proceeded to the drive-in restaurant where the defendant, a short time afterwards, was arrested.
During cross-examination, King denied having given the detective a different account. Specifically, King denied telling the detective that the defendant was not in King's automobile during the evening the crime was committed.
The people called the detective as a rebuttal witness. He testified that when he interviewed King on the intervening Saturday he wrote down what King said but King refused to sign the writing. The defendant's lawyer objected to the introduction or reading of the writing on the ground that it was hearsay.[2] The judge overruled the objection saying *223 that the detective's testimony was admissible as past recollection recorded. The detective then read the statement as follows:
"This is the statement of Samuel King taken by Detective Charles Taylor at 2249 South Electric, Detroit, Michigan. Time: 1:30 a.m. Saturday, June 14, 1969: `I went to the game that night. I saw Larry there but it wasn't until after the game. Anyway, the game was over I don't know what time it was but Larry did not go to the Castle with me. We were parked in the Castle parking lot. Larry might have come over sometime during the time he was at the Castle and got in my car and got right back out but he didn't go to the Castle with me. They told me to say that he was with me but I told them I wasn't going to lie for them and I didn't want to get involved.'
"This is what he told me."
II.
The majority ignore the judge's ruling that the statement was admissible under the exception for past recollection recorded and affirm his ruling admitting the statement on the ground that "the statement is not hearsay information as that term is evidentially understood."
We will, of course, ordinarily sustain on appeal a ruling by a judge who reaches the right result even though the grounds for decision stated by him are erroneous.[3] In this case the judge reached the wrong *224 result the unsigned written memorandum was not shown to be admissible.
It is also true that a prior inconsistent statement of a witness, admissible to impeach his credibility, is not regarded as admissible as an exception to the hearsay rule. It is admissible on the tenet that it is not hearsay because it is not offered as substantive evidence to prove the truth of the statement attributed to the witness but to prove that he said it. In theory at least the trier of fact is not being asked to accept the substance of the prior statement as the true account of the matter but rather to discount the witness's at-trial testimony because on an earlier occasion he gave a different account.
However, merely because the statement made by King to the detective when offered to impeach King's credibility is not hearsay, does not grant free license to introduce it by any means. Whether the earlier statement is, as here, oral or is written, the fact that it was made must be proved. If the earlier statement is written, the witness's handwriting or signature must be proved. If the earlier statement is oral the impeaching witness must be able to testify that the inconsistent statement was in fact made.
Just as an impeaching witness could not testify, in the name of impeachment, that Frank told him that Joe told Frank that Sara remarked to Bill that the chief defense witness had told her that the defendant had threatened the victim, so, too, an out-of-court written memorandum of an oral statement allegedly made by the witness to be impeached may be used to prove the fact that the statement was made only if that fact the fact that the witness made the statement is provable by means of such a memorandum.
*225 Although the inconsistent statement, when admissible to impeach credibility, is not hearsay, the written memorandum of the statement, unsigned by the witness being impeached, is hearsay and therefore admissible, if at all, only under an exception to the hearsay rule.[4]
A written memorandum of an oral statement made by another person, not signed by that person, necessarily reflects two statements; one written, the other oral: (1) it is the written statement of the writer of the memorandum that (2) the other person made the oral statement attributed to him.
Since the written memorandum, not signed by the other person, is an out-of-court statement made by the writer that the other person said what is contained in the writing, the writing itself is hearsay without regard to whether the statement recorded in it is offered as substantive evidence or solely to impeach credibility. The rules of evidence concerning the proof of facts do not evaporate upon utterance of the magic word "impeachment".[5]
*226 III.
A witness who does not have a present recollection of the facts may refer to a written memorandum. *227 If the memorandum refreshes his recollection, "when he speaks from a memory thus revived, his testimony is what he says, not the writing".[6] Accordingly, the general rule is that a party who uses a memorandum to refresh the memory of a witness may not introduce it in evidence or have it read to the jury.[7]
In this case the witness did not claim that his recollection was refreshed by reading the writing he read the writing itself. This was not a case of testimony from refreshed recollection.
Nor, contrary to the ruling of the judge, did the prosecution make out a case for introduction of the writing as past recollection recorded. The exception for past recollection recorded may be availed of only in a case where it is claimed that the witness has no present recollection of the facts and, upon reference to the document, his memory is not refreshed.[8] When a witness testifies based on past recollection recorded it is the writing, not refreshed recollection, that is the evidence.
It is most difficult to cross-examine a witness who is allowed to "testify" based on past recollection *228 recorded. In allowing him to read the writing, the judge finds that he now has no present recollection of what was said when the writing was made and that his memory cannot be revived by reference to the writing; when cross-examined, such a witness is bound to retreat behind the writing.
The written word has a way of carrying greater weight than the spoken word. The law, therefore, wisely limits the use of past recollection recorded to those situations where the just mentioned preconditions to admissibility have been satisfied. Dispensing with the requirement that the witness not have "sufficient recollection to enable him to testify fully and accurately" would, as stated in the commentary accompanying the Revised Draft of Proposed Rules of Evidence for the United States District Courts and Magistrates, "encourage the use of statements carefully prepared for purposes of litigation under the supervision of attorneys, investigators or claim adjusters". (Emphasis supplied.)[9]
*229 The detective was not asked whether he had any present recollection of what King told him on Saturday three days before he testified or whether his recollection would be refreshed by reference to the writing. It is doubtful whether, if the detective had been so questioned, he would have claimed both that he had no recollection and that his recollection could not be refreshed from a writing he made just three days before he testified.
IV.
The admission of this inadmissible testimony could not properly be said to be harmless. There was a close question for resolution by the trier of fact. Although the defendant was seen, just a few hours after the robbery, entering the stolen automobile at the drive-in restaurant by police officers who had staked out the automobile, that did not establish that the defendant was one of the assailants. There were a number of assailants and what was done with the automobile between the time of the robbery and the time the defendant was apprehended was *230 not shown. The defendant's act of entering the automobile was at best circumstantial evidence, implicating him but not pointing assuredly to his guilt.
This left the identification testimony of the victim. His identification was not certain; he conceded that it was possible although not probable that he was mistaken. In this connection it is noteworthy that, although the defendant was in custody, the police showed a photograph to the victim the day he was released from the hospital.[10] The victim had not theretofore given the police a description of any of his assailants. He was not asked to view the defendant in a lineup. He did not view the defendant after he was arrested until the defendant was brought into the courtroom for the preliminary examination.
The resolution of the factual issue depended on the jury's evaluation of the victim's identification testimony and the contradictory testimony of the alibi witnesses. The detective's rebuttal testimony discrediting alibi witness King tended to discretit not only King's testimony but also the testimony of the other alibi witnesses who said they saw the defendant when he was with King.
The detective's rebuttal testimony was especially damaging to the defendant because of the statement attributed to King that "they told me to say that he was with me but I told them I wasn't going to lie for them and I didn't want to get involved". (Emphasis supplied.) It is doubtful whether the quoted words were admissible on any basis. They purport to be a statement by King as to what other *231 unidentified people "them" told him; triple hearsay: (1) the writing was hearsay, (2) the statement by King to the detective was hearsay (although when offered to impeach credibility it is not), and (3) the statement attributed to "them" was hearsay. It is well nigh impossible for a party to respond to a hearsay statement attributed to "them". "Them" are not identified; King denied making the statement he, therefore, could not or would not identify "them". Who among "them" could the defendant call to answer the charge that "them" asked King to lie?
We could not properly declare that the detective's inadmissible testimony did not contribute to or affect the result.
NOTES
[1] MCLA § 750.529 (Stat Ann 1971 Cum Supp § 28.797).
[2] Identification of the automobile in question was made by observing its license plate. The plate number was traced to this vehicle.
[3] The trial commenced on a Thursday and ended the following Wednesday. Witness King testified on Monday. On the intervening Saturday, he was interviewed by Detective Taylor.
[1] The facts are set forth at some length in the majority opinion. In summary, the people's evidence was as follows: The victim testified that while he was driving his automobile it was bumped from behind by another automobile. After he had alighted to inspect the damage, one of the five or six occupants of the other automobile confronted him with a gun. The man with the gun and his companions struck the victim and took his wallet. The victim broke away and ran toward a nearby house and was shot in the back. He obtained aid and survived.
Four hours after the robbery the victim's automobile was sighted by police officers at a drive-in restaurant. They staked it out and a short time thereafter the defendant and a young lady entered the automobile. The defendant was arrested. At the trial, the victim identified the defendant as the occupant of the automobile who held the gun on him. See footnote 10 and accompanying text.
[2] Hileman v. Indreica (1971), 385 Mich 1, 10, shows that our Supreme Court does not require absolute precision in voicing objections in order to preserve for review the propriety of a trial judge's ruling concerning the admissibility of evidence where the judge fails to see all the aspects of a multi-faceted problem of admissibility.
The defendants in that case contended successfully in our Court (see Hileman v. Indreica [1969], 15 Mich App 662, 664, 665) "that plaintiff did not state to the trial judge that she sought to use the deposition [of a witness] to refresh the recollection of the witness and to induce her to correct her testimony, but rather sought to have the trial judge declare the witness hostile in order to impeach her testimony" (emphasis supplied). The judge had ruled that the deposition could not be used because the witness was not hostile and plaintiff could not impeach her own witness.
On appeal the Supreme Court reversed and held that the deposition could be used to refresh the witnesses' recollection saying that the judge had erroneously "looked upon the effort of counsel [emphasis added] solely as an attempt to impeach [the witness], or as an effort to have her judged `hostile'". (Last emphasis added by the Court.)
Implicit in the judge's ruling that the statement was admissible under an exception to the hearsay rule is recognition on the judge's part that the writing itself was hearsay. See footnote 4 infra and accompanying text.
[3] 2 Michigan Law & Practice, Appeal, § 282.
[4] See 3 Wigmore on Evidence, § 754a; McCormick on Evidence, §§ 276, 278.
[5] I have found no authority holding that the fact that an inconsistent statement was made may be proved by the use of a memorandum of the statement not signed by the witness to be impeached without a showing that the person who made the memorandum cannot testify from present memory refreshed. See discussion in Part III of this opinion infra.
The question can arise whenever a stenographic transcript is offered to prove a prior inconsistent statement. Understandably in that kind of case, where it is obvious that the stenographer could not possibly recall the testimony or truly refresh his recollection by reading it and must testify based on past recollection recorded, no point is sometimes made about a failure to prove inability to testify from refreshed recollection. See St. Louis, S.F. & T.R. Co. v. Williams (Tex Civ App, 1937), 104 SW2d 103, 105; People v. Sherman (1950), 97 Cal App 2d 245 (217 P2d 715, 721).
Nevertheless in other cases the governing principle has been recognized, the courts stating that the stenographer could read a transcript of shorthand notes because he could not testify from refreshed or revised present recollection. See State v. Polan (1956), 80 Ariz 129 (293 F2d 931, 933); Hudlow v. Langerhans (1936), 230 Mo App 1160 (91 SW2d 629); Klepsch v. Donald (1894), 8 Wash 162 (35 P 621, 623). Similarly see Stahl v. City of Duluth (1898), 71 Minn 341 (74 NW 143, 146); Cooper v. Hoeglund (1946), 221 Minn 446 (22 NW2d 450, 455).
Cf. Robertson v. M/S Sanyo Maru (CA5, 1967), 374 F2d 463, holding that a purported copy of a statement signed by a witness and offered for impeachment purposes was improperly admitted since it had not been authenticated and the best evidence rule had not been complied with. See, also, Boulch v. John B. Gutmann Construction Company, Inc. (Mo App, 1963), 366 SW2d 21, 36.
In this case, the statement was not taken down by a stenographer. It does not purport to be a verbatim report of the questions and answers. It is a brief memorandum of a conversation. There is an obvious difference between a stenographic transcript prepared by a court reporter and a memorandum prepared by an investigator for one of the litigants.
The cases cited by the majority are distinguishable:
People v. Kennedy (1895), 105 Mich 434, 436, dealt not with out-of-court statements but with depositions made by a witness at a preliminary examination. The court held that the statements were "admissible as original evidence". It was sought to introduce the depositions through the testimony of the deputy clerk who recorded them at the preliminary examination. The court approved use of the written record only to refresh the memory of the witness.
In People v. Tice (1897), 115 Mich 219, no writing was involved and the testimony was solely from memory. No question of past recollection recorded was, therefore, presented.
In People v. Dellabonda (1933), 265 Mich 486, the earlier written statement sought to be introduced for impeachment purposes had been written by the witness being impeached. Again, no question of past recollection recorded was presented.
In People v. Nemeth (1932), 258 Mich 682, the prosecutor read to the jury statements made to the police by defense witnesses. The opinion does not indicate that the witnesses denied having made the statements or that the statements were not signed by the witnesses. Furthermore, there is no discussion of what foundation, if any, was laid for their admission.
Finally, People v. DeBeaulieu (1944), 308 Mich 173, 177, rather than supporting the position taken by the majority, held that a writing, signed by the witness sought to be impeached but prepared by another, was properly excluded where it appeared that the witness was unaware of what she had signed. The Court cited 6 Jones, Commentaries on Evidence (2d ed), § 2406, p 4746, for the proposition that "in order to serve as in itself a contradiction a writing must be shown to have been made by the witness himself, or by someone under his direction, or to have been approved and adopted by the witness as his own act and deed."
[6] McCormick, Law of Evidence, § 9, p 15; 58 Am Jur, Witnesses, § 579.
[7] 29 Am Jur 2d, Evidence, § 876.
[8] See People v. Hobson (1963), 369 Mich 189, 190-192; People v. Blakes (1966), 4 Mich App 13, 16; People v. Bracy (1967), 8 Mich App 266, 276; Jaxon v. City of Detroit (1967), 379 Mich 405, 413 (per T.E. BRENNAN, J.); 58 Am Jur, Witnesses, § 588.
Additional pre-conditions to admissibility are a showing that the document was prepared at some prior and rather remote date (People v. Hobson, supra), that the document is an original memorandum made by the witness from personal observation contemporaneously with or near the time of the transaction recorded (People v. Hobson, supra; Jaxon v. City of Detroit, supra) and that the substance recorded is not otherwise admissible (Jaxon v. City of Detroit, supra).
And, since in a case of past recollection recorded, in contrast with refreshed recollection, the writing, not revived recollection, is the evidence, most courts hold that the writing may be introduced in evidence in connection with the witness' testimony during his direct examination. See 29 Am Jur 2d, Evidence, § 877, p 978.
[9] Text writers argue that the evidence should be admissible without regard to whether the witness remembers the event recorded (3 Wigmore on Evidence [Chadbourn Rev, 1970], § 738, p 91), but their views have not been accepted by most courts.
Indeed, the very argument advanced by these writers points up the danger of allowing use of past recollection memoranda indiscriminately. Just as they are of the opinion that the memoranda is likely to be more accurate than the witness' recollection, so, too, the trier of fact is likely to be under that impression. It is to guard against the indiscriminate creation, without any necessity, of "better" evidence that most courts have restricted the use of past recollection recorded writings.
The following appears in the commentary accompanying the Revised Draft of Proposed Rules of Evidence for the United States District Courts and Magistrates (March, 1971), Rule 803, p 111, exception 5 (51 FRD 315, 425):
"The principal controversy attending the exception has centered, not upon the propriety of the exception itself, but upon the question whether a preliminary requirement of impaired memory on the part of the witness should be imposed. The authorities are divided. If regard be had only to the accuracy of the evidence, admittedly impairment of the memory of the witness adds nothing to it and should not be required. McCormick § 277, p 593; 3 Wigmore § 738, p 76; Jordan v. People (1962), 151 Colo 133 (376 P2d 699), cert den 373 US 944 [83 S Ct 1553, 10 L Ed 2d 699]; Hall v. State (1960), 223 Md 158 (162 A2d 751); State v. Bindhammer (1965), 44 NJ 372 (209 A2d 124). Nevertheless, the absence of the requirement, it is believed, would encourage the use of statements carefully prepared for purposes of litigation under the supervision of attorneys, investigators, or claim adjusters. Hence the example includes a requirement that the witness not have `sufficient recollection to enable him to testify fully and accurately.' To the same effect are California Evidence Code § 1237 and New Jersey Rule 63(1) (b), and this has been the position of the federal courts. Vicksburg & Meridian R.R. v. O'Brien (1886), 119 US 99 [7 S Ct 118, 30 L Ed 299]; Ahern v. Webb (CA10, 1959), 268 F2d 45; and see N.L.R.B. v. Hudson Pulp & Paper Corp. (CA5, 1960), 273 F2d 660, 665; N.L.R.B. v. Federal Dairy Co. (CA1, 1962), 297 F2d 487. But cf. United States v. Adams (CA2, 1967), 385 F2d 548."
In all events, the Michigan Supreme Court appears to have aligned itself with the view that the writing is not admissible if the witness can independently recall the event or can refresh his recollection from the writing. See cases cited in fn 8.
[10] See People v. Rowell (1968), 14 Mich App 190, 198 (LEVIN, J., concurring); People v. Adams (1969), 19 Mich App 131, 133, n 1; United States v. Zeiler (CA3, 1970), 427 F2d 1305, 1307; Commonwealth v. Whiting (1970), 439 Pa 205 (266 A2d 738).
|
Weather Display with Forecast.io / Dark Sky API
We have 3 possible scenarios for displaying weather.
This is a dedicated weather add-on for PowerPoint to display weather information in a presentation. This is very easy to use and it can show current weather information and forecasts. If you need to display the weather information then use this option.
When you need to display more than just a weather, try our DataPoint solution or combine with other Dynamic Elements add-ons. It has the same weather data provider (as in the first solution). This is very easy to use and can combine information from other data providers like database and Excel information.
The weather information from any weather source or weather API is typically communicated with XML or JSON format. DataPoint can use any XML or JSON data feed. So, if you want to have a full flexibility yourself, then take full control with the XML or JSON data providers of DataPoint.
This blog article covers option 3.
Normally we use Yahoo Weather as a weather API because it is good and free to use. But recently, a customer needed a weather display with weather information per hour of today. This type of information, hourly weather forecasts, is not available in the Yahoo Weather API, so we had to look elsewhere. Forecast.io is another weather data provider, with a free and paid plans, and is providing this hourly weather information that we need. Let’s explore the capabilities of Forecast.io. Jusr recently the Forecast.io service was renamed into Dark Sky.
Sign up at Forecast.io and get your API key in order to retrieve data. Documentation of what and how to retrieve weather information, can be found here.
Typically a call looks like this:
https://api.forecast.io/forecast/APIKEY/LATITUDE,LONGITUDE
The APIKEY is the unique key that you get from them and identifies you and your application. The latitude and longitude are geographical coordinates to identify a location or city. In this article we will create a dynamic weather display for Rome in Italy. So we have to look for the coordinates of Rome. Use the Google search engine for this.
With this geographical information, we can now rewrite the API call like:
52cec5ff313a4d19b60540cfe89675a5 is our API key that we got from our sign up process at forecast.io. We will change this API key after publication of this article. So use your own API key instead. Using this key in your weather display presentation will not work. You will have to use your own key. The reason for this is that, you will get a free number of calls per day, and otherwise we would exceed that number of calls if everyone would use the same together.
41.9028,12.4964 are the coordinates for Rome, Italy, as we got them from our Google search.
We can use DataPoint to link PowerPoint to this weather service. Click DataPoint in the PowerPoint ribbon and click the List button.
Select the JSON node at the list of possible providers and click the Add Connection button. JSON is used by forecast.io to exchange the information between 2 applications.
There are some extra parameters added for this purpose. Units=si returns the information as degrees in Celsius. And we want to include daily information only.
Click OK to close. Name the connection and click the Add Query button.
The information we need was stored in the data table. Select it. Set the refresh rate to 900 seconds, or 15 minutes. Click OK to close.
At this stage, we have a first connection and query established for the forecasts per day. We need to add a new connection for the hourly information of today. Add a new connection by clicking the Add Connection button and set the URL this time to:
You will see that currently, minutely, daily, alerts and flags are excluded and that basically only hourly intervals are included with this call.
Here again, select the data table and set the refresh to 900 seconds.
Click OK to close and now we have 2 weather queries set up in our PowerPoint presentation. Now the fun part starts as we are going to use the information on our weather display slides.
We designed our presentation like this:
Select your text box to host the temperature value and click DataPoint menu then click Text box to open its properties.
Open the list of connections and choose the connection named Rome weather per day | data. Choose the column name TemperatureMax and set the row number to 3. Row 1 is for the past hour, 2 for the current hour and 3 holds the info for the next hour, what we want to display. Click OK to close.
The text box will now show the dynamic temperature value from our data source.
For the weather icons, insert a default weather icon to your weather display slide. Click Insert then Pictures and select a default icon. Place this on your slide.
Select the inserted image and click DataPoint, Picture in order to dynamically link it.
It asks to convert the normal picture into a dynamic or DataPoint picture. Choose Yes.
Set the connection to Rome weather per day | data and choose icon as column. Set the row number to 3 for the info of the next hour.
At the option The data of the selected column contains, switch it to filename only. Set the folder to .\icon set 1 and enter png as an extension.
The weather API communicates the weather status as words like clear-day, clear-night, rain, snow, sleet, wind, fog, cloudy, partly-cloudy-day, or partly-cloudy-night. We have a folder with all these words as images. That is how we can translate a weather condition text into a weather icon.
Click OK to close.
Complete all text boxes and images on all slides, and link all to the various weather information. Save it and run the slide show.
While the weather display slide show is running, DataPoint will communicate with Forecast.io every 15 minutes about the weather information of Rome. Whenever a new value like temperature is detected, DataPoint will update the information in the text boxes without stopping and restarting the slide show. All updates will happen while the slide show is running.
Follow Us
Copyright Notice
CounterPoint, DataPoint, Dynamic ELEMENTS, iPoint, MessagePoint, NewsPoint, OutlookPoint, PlanPoint, ShowPoint, TickerPoint and VideoPoint are trademarks or registered trademarks of PresentationPoint. Microsoft and the Office logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.
|
Thursday, June 13, 2013
Canetti's mother - she forgot about the time, we kept reading and reading
I should write something about Elias Canetti and his mother. Early in The Tongue Set Free, just a fifth of the way into the memoir, Canetti’s father suddenly dies. Canetti is eight, I think. He ends up moving into his father’s role in some ways. The mother’s psychology is the curious thing, how she demands from her young son some of the intellectual and emotional satisfactions she once got from her husband. Thus her insistence that he learn German instantaneously, or her course of reading Shakespeare and Schiller with Canetti – German was the language she shared with her husband, theater was the art the loved together.
I hate to think what this would do to a kid less tenacious and brilliant than Canetti, but she likely would have demanded less in that case.
She made an effort not to influence me. After each scene, she asked me how I understood it, and before saying anything herself, she always let me speak first. But sometimes, when it was late, and she forgot about the time, we kept reading and reading, and I sensed that she was utterly excited and would never stop… Her wide nostrils quivered vehemently, her large, gray eyes no longer saw me, her words were no longer directed at me. I felt that she was talking to Father when she was seized in this way, and perhaps I, without realizing it, had become my father. (83)
A break is inevitable; thus Canetti’s confusion between the Schnitzler-like doctor who pursues his mother and the forbidden sexual content of the Schnitzler books his mother reads in place of Schiller. Canetti’s own move toward independence occurs in Switzerland, in part due to his discovery of Swiss literature. He first has contempt for it, as when, at the celebration of the Gottfried Keller centennial, he cannot believe that this writer he has never heard of can be any good: “but what struck me to the core of my naïve attitude was the lofty claim for a writer whom not even mother had read” (168). This bit of the story has a happy ending, by the way: “at the time, I couldn’t guess with what delight I would some day read Green Henry.”
The Zurich poet and historical novelist Conrad Ferdinand Meyer (who I have not read) breaks through Canetti’s resistance, as does Jeremias Gotthelf’s nightmarish The Black Spider (“I felt haunted by it, as though it had dug into my own face,” 253), which leads to some sort of break with his mother, who uses the novella as a weapon to attack Zurich, Switzerland, and her son (“nobody with any understanding took Gotthelf seriously today,” 254). The memoir ends with the mother’s long, brutal attack on Canetti’s Bildung, his education, his interest in Switzerland, and the writers he likes. It is wild; neurotic, cruel and misguided and, psychologically, of high interest, however strange.
And it is only half as strange as the story Canetti tells his mother about a circle of dancing mice:
“You’re being unfair,” she said, “that’s just like you. You expect too much. Mice aren’t people, after all, even if they do have a kind of dancing.” (221)
Good point, Mom.
Canetti’s memoir and mother often reminded me of Romain Gary’s Promise atDawn, as different as the books are, as different as the mothers are, two stories of powerful but displaced Jewish mothers and their brilliant sons wandering across Europe, searching for not just a home but a culture.
It is striking how exposure to literature in general, or a particular type of literature, in this case Swiss, so often leads folks to question assumptions that they were brought up with. More evidence as to how dangerous reading is:)
The big irony is that the mother's argument at the end of the memoir is an abrupt turn away from her earlier pedagogy, which was eminently Viennese - reading, culture, Bildung, the usual stuff. She may be something of a strategist, too.
Contact Me
WutheringExpectations@gmail.com
I too could now say to myself: Be no longer a Chaos, but a World, or even Worldkin. Produce! Produce! Were it but the pitifullest infinitesimal fraction of a Product, produce it in God's name! 'Tis the utmost thou hast in thee; out with it then. Up, up! Whatsoever thy hand findeth to do, do it with thy whole might. Work while it is called To-day, for the Night cometh wherein no man can work.
|
Score breakdown (from 170 reviews)
Average rating for:
Cleanliness
Service
Comfort
Condition
Neighborhood
Our stay at the Comfort Inn was wonderful from start to finish! We checked in near midnight and I had called in advance to secure our reservation and was cheerfully confirmed. We were offered a cart upon arrival from the desk staff, although we didn't need it, but it was nice he offered. Our room was super clean and perfectly met our needs. Breakfast was AMAZING!! The staff was very efficient and we had everything we could possibly desire! I liked that there was a convenient meeting room right next to the breakfast area for overflow seating.
Genuine Expedia guest review
Other trip Oct 27, 2013
Nancy
US
4.0 / 5Excellent
"Very nice room"
Very nice room, the tub was fantastic. We only stayed 1 night but the location is close to most anything you would want to see in Duluth.
Genuine Hotels.com guest review
1 night romance trip Sep 16, 2013
Cheryl
US
5.0 / 5Outstanding
pleasant experience. would recommend.
Genuine Hotels.com guest review
1 night family trip Oct 10, 2013
Pam
US
5.0 / 5Outstanding
"Great hotel in Duluth!"
We loved the room, very comfortable. And the breakfast was delicious!
Genuine Hotels.com guest review
1 night trip with friends Oct 11, 2013
Mari
US
3.0 / 5Good
"Nice place to stay"
Good stay
Genuine Hotels.com guest review
3 night business trip Oct 7, 2013
Mike
US
5.0 / 5Outstanding
A first-rate experience.
Genuine Hotels.com guest review
1 night trip Sep 22, 2013
A Traveler
US
4.0 / 5Excellent
"Nice Hotel-Enjoyed our stay"
Staff very helpful. Enjoyed our stay. It is a 5 minute drive to the lift bridge and most attractions.
Hotel was clean. Breakfast very good.
Due to unforeseen circumstances, we had to change our plans at the last minute. The staff was wonderful in meeting our needs with this last minute change. The room was comfortable and the facilities were clean but need some minor "fixing" in some spots, nothing major. We went down for breakfast the morning after staying and did not realize that they do not start serving until 7:00am Sunday mornings. We started eating and soon realized, as they were not ready for us, that we were early; this was our fault and our misunderstanding. About 6:55, a couple of others in our group went down to get ready to eat. They were told, very rudely, that breakfast does not start until 7:00! I was not annoyed that they were not able to start early, as it was not quite 7am, however, the tone and way that they were treated over something rather minor did not sit well with me.
Genuine Expedia guest review
Other trip Sep 5, 2013
A Traveler
US
3.0 / 5Good
"an ok place to stay"
it wasn't great, but it wasn't horrible. as soon as you walk into the hotel, you can smell from the hallway that some of the rooms are smoking rooms and you can also smell a strong odor of chlorine from the pool. the fitted sheets on the bed kept slipping off while we were sleeping so we would end up on the mattress pad by the time we woke up in the morning. the breakfast in the morning was decent, not anything spectacular and the "hot" foods weren't very hot.
that being said, the rooms were clean and quiet. it was a nice place to keep our things and sleep between going out and discovering duluth. canal park is really close and very nice, full of wonderful restaurants and cute little shops. the hotel is very conveniently located along the highway that we used to get to the canal park area and the duluth aquarium.
Genuine Expedia guest review
Other trip Sep 3, 2013
A Traveler
US
4.0 / 5Excellent
"Nice, but noisy."
The hotel was just about everything you could want from a moderate priced hotel.
It was clean and well maintained. Staff was courteous and helpful.
Breakfast offerings were very nice and coffee was plentiful. Pool was clean and well maintained.
The one drawback to this hotel was its location. Located near and surrounded by a heavy industrial area the trucks at the intersection were very loud and noisy at 5am thru the morning; this was during the week of course.
If you're an early riser it probably wouldn't matter, but when I'm on vacation I don't appreciate it.
Otherwise we enjoyed the rest of the aspects of the hotel, plus it was easy to get to.
Genuine Expedia guest review
Response by Comfort Inn West
Dear Brin,
Thank you for taking the extra time to review our hotel. Your feedback is very important to us and we can assure you that we will use this information to do everything possible to create an enjoyable experience for each of our guests. I'm already looking into purchasing ear plugs for those who may be light sleepers and are located near the intersection you mentioned.
We hope to see you again soon!
Other trip Aug 21, 2013
Brin
US
5.0 / 5Outstanding
"Comfort Inn in Duluth"
Our experience at this hotel was excellent. I can't think of one negative thing. We checked in late in the eve and out after breakfast the next morning. It would have been a pleasure to stay longer.
Genuine Expedia guest review
Response by Comfort Inn West
Thank you for the great comments about the hotel. I appreciate you taking the extra time to let others know of your experience.
Visit us again when in Duluth!
Other trip Aug 15, 2013
A Traveler
US
4.0 / 5Excellent
"Nice motel"
I think the motel is nice. The room is spacious and comfortable.
Genuine Expedia guest review
Response by Comfort Inn West
Thanks for your review! It's great to hear you liked your room and the hotel.
Please visit us again if you return to the Duluth area.
Other trip Aug 13, 2013
A Traveler
US
3.0 / 5Good
"Comefortable Enough"
Everything was satisfactory, except my room had a strange smell. It was a non-smoking room that smelled like it had been smoked in for years, then covered up with some air freshener. It was fine, but not excellent.
Genuine Hotels.com guest review
Response by Comfort Inn West
Thank you for taking the extra time to review the hotel and your stay with us. I'm sorry to hear there was an odor in the guest room. We've been a smoke free facility for several years and have completed renovations to improve the overall condition in those rooms that were designated "smoking". I will definitely follow up with the hotel staff regarding the room you were assigned.
I hope you choose to stay with us again the next time you visit Duluth!
2 night business trip Aug 6, 2013
Amy
US
5.0 / 5Outstanding
"Great hotel!"
I choose this hotel because it had the best reviews out of other hotels in the area. I'm glad I picked this hotel because rooms were clean, the hotel was beautiful, the staff were all very friendly and it wasn't terribly difficult to get to. Would definitely book here again!
Genuine Hotels.com guest review
Response by Comfort Inn West
Thank you for such kind words and for taking the time to share your hotel experience! I'm glad to hear you enjoyed your stay.
We hope to see you again soon.
3 night trip with friends Jul 30, 2013
A Traveler
US
5.0 / 5Outstanding
"Comfortable, felt right at home"
Staff professional & pleasant.
Rooms were not overly big, but comfortable, 'homey' and (important to me) extremely clean. The bathroom spotless. Staff quickly supplied extra feather free pillows upon request. At first when I saw that we were right across the hall from a large family with toddler -age children, I thought noise might be an issue -- but the walls blocked sound well. The free breakfast is awesome. For our next trip to Duluth we will definitely book this hotel again!
Genuine Expedia guest review
Response by Comfort Inn West
Dear Crystal,
Thanks so much for taking the extra time to share your hotel experience. It's great to hear the staff took care of your needs.
Feedback from our guests is very important to us and your input helps with our continuing efforts to provide excellent service and a great stay.
We hope to see you again soon!
Staff was all business. Tried to get info on area. Acted as if we were bothering them. Maid actually turned her back as we were walking up to her in the hall. Never spoke to us except to answer our questions. Tho in our room we could hear her talking to the other maids.No microwave or fridge in room. Evening "meal" was NOT offered on July 4 even tho the rate went up for the night. Only plus of tis motel was location.
Genuine Hotels.com guest review
2 night trip with friends Jul 3, 2013
A Traveler
US
5.0 / 5Outstanding
We were very pleased with the accommodations at the Comfort Inn in Duluth, Mn. My wife could not believe that you even had a magnifying mirror in the bathroom. Thank you; we will certainly visit again.
Genuine Venere guest review
Other trip Jul 8, 2013
A Traveler
US
3.0 / 5Good
"4th of July 2013"
We got to the hotel at about 4:00 pm and were greeted by two very warm and welcoming hotel staff members. We were quickly checked in and on our way to our room. Upon entering the non-smoking room we were overwhelmed by a very strong smoke smell. I went to the front desk where the staff apologized and gave us a different room, which was very clean and smoke free smelling.
Genuine Expedia guest review
Other trip Jul 7, 2013
rock hounds
US
5.0 / 5Outstanding
"Very nice hotel."
Everything clicked and even received a room on the first floor as requested.
Genuine Expedia guest review
Other trip Jun 14, 2013
A Traveler
US
4.0 / 5Excellent
"Enjoyable stay and great staff"
The motel was conveniently located. The facilities were clean and well maintained. The room was comfortable and clean. We had all we wanted and needed. The breakfast was plenty and very good. All the staff (front desk, cleaning, food etc.) were all friendly, helpful and always smiled and thanked us for staying with them. We stayed four nights and did not have one issue arise. When we return to Duluth we will stay at this motel again and have already recommended it to others who are planning a trip to the Duluth area.
Genuine Expedia guest review
Other trip Jun 12, 2013
Ken
US
4.0 / 5Excellent
"Nice for the price."
Our room was nice, great pool, sauna, whirlpool. One complaint was traffic from the highway was noisy when sleeping at night. We had an exterior room next time I would request an interior room.
Genuine Expedia guest review
Other trip Jun 11, 2013
A Traveler
US
4.0 / 5Excellent
"easy access to freeway, Perkins across the street"
My only complaint is that my room was right next to in exit, and the door made a loud clanging noise everytime someone opened it! I think it was the door people were using to go smoke. Very difficult to sleep when you hear this loud noise every 5 minutes. It did finally quite down around 1:30 am.
Genuine Hotels.com guest review
1 night trip May 31, 2013
A Traveler
US
5.0 / 5Outstanding
"Pleasing stay"
This was a very pleasant experience. Our room was ready early and in great condition. It was pleasingly decorated.
The desk staff were helpful and friendly. Although we did not use the pool, the children using it were having a blast. The pool area was clean and safe. Perkins is located across the street which offers a varied menu at an excellent price.
Genuine Expedia guest review
Other trip Jun 2, 2013
A Traveler
US
4.0 / 5Excellent
"Nice hotel, convenient location."
Great Place to stay. Great location. Short drive to anything around Duluth.
Genuine Expedia guest review
Other trip May 28, 2013
Jenifer
US
4.0 / 5Excellent
"Clean rooms, great price"
Overall we really enjoyed our stay. Nice clean rooms, friendly staff and nice pool area. The noise from the hall was a little loud in our room. Beds were a little on the hard side but nice fluffy pillows. We would stay here again! The price was great for the rooms and the service we got!
Genuine Hotels.com guest review
1 night family trip May 11, 2013
A Traveler
US
4.0 / 5Excellent
"Recent visit"
Staff very friendly and helpful. Bed very comfortable. Room had stain on carpet, torn wallpaper.
Genuine Hotels.com guest review
2 night business trip Apr 24, 2013
A Traveler
US
4.0 / 5Excellent
"vacation"
Our stay was very pleasant. Nice hotel and great staff.
Genuine Hotels.com guest review
3 night trip Apr 11, 2013
A Traveler
US
4.0 / 5Excellent
"Family get together"
Wonderful time for the kids, although the staff was really disappointing
Genuine Expedia guest review
Other trip Apr 16, 2013
A Traveler
US
4.0 / 5Excellent
The location was GREAT!
Genuine Hotels.com guest review
2 night trip Apr 8, 2013
A Traveler
US
5.0 / 5Outstanding
"Review"
Our stay was very pleasant. The room was very nice and comfortable with a lovely bathroom. If we came to Duluth again we would stay here. All the amenities were available and it was very quiet.
Genuine Expedia guest review
Other trip Apr 11, 2013
A Traveler
US
4.0 / 5Excellent
"Nicely priced."
Nice motel. In better shape than some of those comparatively priced. Location next to I-35 was not a problem.
Genuine Expedia guest review
Other trip Mar 29, 2013
Northern WI
US
4.0 / 5Excellent
"Stopover"
It was a nice hotel with everything we needed for our stopover on the way to the destination. Decent breakfast was included.
Genuine Hotels.com guest review
1 night trip Mar 22, 2013
A Traveler
US
4.0 / 5Excellent
"Great hotel for family"
Stayed only one night, but it was enjoyable! Pool area, food court was very nice. Enjoyed the breakfast!
Genuine Expedia guest review
Other trip Mar 9, 2013
A Traveler
US
4.0 / 5Excellent
"Worked-for-me"
It appears the lobby area has been recently been updated. The staff was friendly and accommodating. The pool area was very clean. The hot tub was large enough to fit a number of people. The temperature of the pool was comfortable and my husband loved the sauna. The rooms are average. The continental breakfast offered a nice assortment. A good place to stay if you don't want to pay the higher rates of Canel Park area however you don't have the view or ease of walking around Lake Superior - it just depends on what you are looking for or needing.
Genuine Hotels.com guest review
2 night trip Feb 21, 2013
A Traveler
US
5.0 / 5Outstanding
"Comfortable, affordable"
We had a great experience, using the pool, beds were comfortable, great breakfast and great deal on the 2 for 1 drink special. Would come back again.
Genuine Hotels.com guest review
1 night family trip Feb 2, 2013
A Traveler
US
4.0 / 5Excellent
"Would stay again"
We stayed for 3 nights. The overall experience was a 4/5. The only downfall was the Wireless connection. We couldn't sustain a good connection long enough on our iPad so we used or phone. We were on a house hunting trip and used the Internet constantly.
Genuine Hotels.com guest review
3 night trip Jan 20, 2013
Nancy
US
5.0 / 5Outstanding
"I'd stay here again"
This was a great hotel. The hot breakfast was really good. They had both blueberry and regular waffles! it was a nice pool and hot tub area. The room was big and the beds were comfortable. The girl at the front desk was fantastic. She recommended a good place to eat nearby and she gave us a coupon book for several locations in Duluth. I would definitely stay here again on future trips to Duluth.
Genuine Hotels.com guest review
2 night trip Jan 17, 2013
DS
US
3.0 / 5Good
We were kept awake most of the night by talking adults. In the morning we realized our room was right next to an upper level lounge area. That is the last room that should be booked in a hotel. Or they should construct a door between the lounge areas and the rooms.
Genuine Hotels.com guest review
1 night trip Jan 11, 2013
A Traveler
US
5.0 / 5Outstanding
"Awesome"
Did not expect much; however, it was wonderful. Lobby was very clean & comfortable seating. Breakfast area was neat & clean. Only grip would be the eggs & sausage, eggs were very watery & sausage should have been cooked more thoroughly. Other than that the rest of the breakfast was delicious, especially the waffles. Pool area was clean, a little on the cool side. Our room was very clean, neat & comfortable. Would definitely book again.
Genuine Expedia guest review
Other trip Jan 11, 2013
Cheryl
US
4.0 / 5Excellent
"Overall very good"
Our stay was very nice. The only complaint was that the pool could have been warmer.
Genuine Hotels.com guest review
3 night family trip Dec 29, 2012
A Traveler
US
5.0 / 5Outstanding
"4.9"
This hotel was very clean. The breakfast was very good. Staff very friendly. It was much more then rated. I would recommend it highly. We will go back to Duluth again and stay there again...
Genuine Expedia guest review
Other trip Dec 4, 2012
The krueger's
US
5.0 / 5Outstanding
"Happy in Duluth"
Breakfast was very good, hotel very clean, people friendly and the TV was good. What else can a business traveler want?
Genuine Hotels.com guest review
1 night business trip Nov 6, 2012
Chuck
US
4.0 / 5Excellent
"visit to Duluth"
I will stay there again on my next visit. The pool and hot tub were great. The food was above standard. I,ve never had eggs and bacon in the morning at a hotel.
We loved that only minutes after arriving to our room as we were getting settled the front desk called and ask if everything was ok and to be sure to call them if we needed anything. Great customer service!
Genuine Expedia guest review
Other trip Oct 29, 2012
A Traveler
US
5.0 / 5Outstanding
It was good. Very welcoming and clean!! The breakfast was great!!
Genuine Hotels.com guest review
2 night trip Oct 18, 2012
A Traveler
US
5.0 / 5Outstanding
"Helpful staff, very clean and comfortable"
We would definitely stay here again. Completely satisfied.
Genuine Hotels.com guest review
1 night family trip Oct 12, 2012
A Traveler
US
5.0 / 5Outstanding
"hotel review"
Great hotel! Room was spacious, quiet hallways, beds comfortable, breakfast was delicious - great choices. The pool was large, staff very friendly. I've been coming to Duluth for many years, staying at different hotels, but I'd definitely come back to this one again.
Genuine Expedia guest review
Other trip Oct 8, 2012
A Traveler
US
Reviews and ratings contained within this site are the subjective opinions of customers and suppliers; they do not represent or reflect Hotels.com’s position. Neither Hotels.com nor the parties involved in providing review content shall be held liable for any damages of any sort resulting from use of these reviews
|
This antique painted turquoise corner TV stand will look great in your home. Each piece is made from pine wood and hand painted to create a piece that is entirely unique as functional. Hand painted over a dark stain, then the paint is wired brushed to make the piece look old and weathered, revealing the woods natural texture and characteristics. Imperfections are what makes this corner TV stand so unique and one of a kind piece. No two TV stands are alike, so expects are what makes this corner TV stand so unique and one of a kind piece. No two TV stands are alike, so expect variations from the picture. Features include handcrafted from distressed pine wood, small pull down panel door, for your cable box, the center cabinet doors open to an open space and side cabinet doors open to 2 shelves for additional DVD/Blue Ray/CD��s and fitted with forged iron metal handles to add a rustic look. Comes already assembled and is 6 sided to fit in the corner.Dimensions: 50.50"L x 34.25"H x 28"DColor: Dark Wax Stain and Painted Turquoise… read more
#SayIDo
Whether you're making your holiday plans or booking your dream honeymoon, there's nowhere better to score deals on travel gear than Nordstrom. From weekender bags to sunglasses, the selection is currently rife with major markdowns that are not to be missed — and with Black Friday approaching, the discounts only promise to get better (last year's savings included up to 40% off select designer items).
Planning a wedding can be stressful, making it hard to remember everything you need on your registry. Find out our top six registry essentials you may have forgotten or didn't know you needed on your wedding registry.
Editors' Top Finds
Let's face it, when you are first starting out, you're lucky if your new home has furniture in every room. Your first house, although magical, is often pretty piecemeal and low on funds. It's difficult to look like you have an aesthetic all your own.
Depending upon the colors and presentation plaid can be preppy, rustic, autumnal, cheerful, traditional, elegant, or even Christmasey. We love this bold pattern, so we are so excited to see plaid back in a big way.
Spring weddings celebrate not only the new beginning of the wedded couple, but also the spectacular start to warmer weather, bright blooms, and (finally) more sunshine! Here are 5 color palettes ideal for spring weddings.
As fall is officially here in full force, we say goodbye to the relaxed sundresses of summer and hello to more formal choices for the holiday wedding season. If you are planning a late fall or winter wedding, chances are you are looking for bridesmaid dresses that are elegant and chic.
Emily and Joseph's elegant wedding doesn't sacrifice warmth for sophistication. Emily was inspired by one of her favorite artists when it came to designing the vibrant centerpieces. This allowed her to use rich colors in the tablescapes against an otherwise neutral palette. And we love the effect!
Related
Stow electronics, media accessories and other belongings in handsome style with the Prescott 2-Door TV Console With Drawers. Craft...ed from oak with a warm rustic finish, this piece adds instant character to your design. Natural slate accents, waterfall... read more
Our Martine Media Cabinet blends the rustic vibe of reclaimed pine wood with the mid-century modern style of the cabinet's silhoue...tte. Adorned with iron strips along the front and the sides, the base of the cabinet seems to extend till the top, adding... read more
Seen as the centerpiece to a living room, give your entertainment unit a fresh update with the Jack Media Center. Crafted from sol...id wood, decorated with oil rubbed antique hardware and finished with beadboard panel doors, this traditional style... read more
Provocative and stunning, The Executive Remix stands alone in a crowd of uninspired followers. With its geometric design and funct...ional resume, it truly boasts innovation and style. The Executive's white high gloss finish, stainless steel accents, and... read more
This antique painted turquoise corner TV stand will look great in your home. Each piece is made from pine wood and hand painted to... create a piece that is entirely unique as functional. Hand painted over a dark stain, then the paint is wired brushed to... read more
This antique painted turquoise 60" TV stands will look great in your home. This TV stand is made from pine wood and hand painted t...o create a piece that is entirely unique as functional. Hand painted over a dark stain, then the paint is wired brushed to... read more
With its rustic charm and simple elegance, the Eagle Furniture Rustic Stone Corner TV Stand adds style and beauty to any living ro...om. Featuring a corner design to save space, as well as a selection of available sizes, you’ll have no trouble finding the perfect fit for your home. Built from robust wood for durability, this corner TV stand is a great choice for high traffic areas. A single open shelf with built-in cord management is designed to hold your DVR, DVD player, and other media devices while the shelf behind the two solid wood panel doors makes it easy to organize your remotes, controllers, and more. With your choice of available finishes, this piece complements any home in a winning fashion. Eagle Furniture Eagle Furniture Manufacturing is based in Bowling Green, Kentucky. All their furniture products are proudly made in the USA read more
With its rustic charm and simple elegance, the Eagle Furniture Rustic Stone Corner TV Stand adds style and beauty to any living ro...om. Featuring a corner design to save space, as well as a selection of available sizes, you’ll have no trouble finding the perfect fit for your home. Built from robust wood for durability, this corner TV stand is a great choice for high traffic areas. A single open shelf with built-in cord management is designed to hold your DVR, DVD player, and other media devices while the shelf behind the two solid wood panel doors makes it easy to organize your remotes, controllers, and more. With your choice of available finishes, this piece complements any home in a winning fashion. Eagle Furniture Eagle Furniture Manufacturing is based in Bowling Green, Kentucky. All their furniture products are proudly made in the USA read more
With its rustic charm and simple elegance, the Eagle Furniture Rustic Stone Corner TV Stand adds style and beauty to any living ro...om. Featuring a corner design to save space, as well as a selection of available sizes, you’ll have no trouble finding the perfect fit for your home. Built from robust wood for durability, this corner TV stand is a great choice for high traffic areas. A single open shelf with built-in cord management is designed to hold your DVR, DVD player, and other media devices while the shelf behind the two solid wood panel doors makes it easy to organize your remotes, controllers, and more. With your choice of available finishes, this piece complements any home in a winning fashion. Eagle Furniture Eagle Furniture Manufacturing is based in Bowling Green, Kentucky. All their furniture products are proudly made in the USA read more
This antique painted turquoise 60" TV stands will look great in your home. This TV stand is made from pine wood and hand painted t...o create a piece that is entirely unique as functional. Hand painted over a dark stain, then the paint is wired brushed to make the piece look old and weathered, revealing the woods natural texture and characteristics. Imperfections are what makes this TV stand so unique and one of a kind piece. No two TV stands are alike, so expect variations from the picture. Features include handcrafted from pine wood, 3 center shelves for your hardware, 2 side cabinets and fitted with forged iron metal handles to add a rustic look. Dimensions: 60"L x 30"H x 18"DColor: Dark Wax Stain and Painted Turquoise read more
Select from available sizesDurable wood constructionYour choice of available finishes2 solid wood panel doors open to reveal 1 she...lf1 open shelf for storage and displayCorner design saves spaceBuilt-in cord management. With its rustic charm and simple elegance the Eagle Furniture Rustic Stone Corner TV Stand adds style and beauty to any living room. Featuring a corner design to save space as well as a selection of available sizes you’ll have no trouble finding the perfect fit for your home. Built from robust wood for durability this corner TV stand is a great choice for high traffic areas. A single open shelf with built-in cord management is designed to hold your DVR DVD player and other media devices while the shelf behind the two solid wood panel doors makes it easy to organize your remotes controllers and more. With your choice of available finishes this piece complements any home in a winning fashion. Size: 56.75W x 17D x 32H in.. Color: Yellow Stone. read more
Select from available sizesDurable wood constructionYour choice of available finishes2 solid wood panel doors open to reveal 1 she...lf1 open shelf for storage and displayCorner design saves spaceBuilt-in cord management. With its rustic charm and simple elegance the Eagle Furniture Rustic Stone Corner TV Stand adds style and beauty to any living room. Featuring a corner design to save space as well as a selection of available sizes you’ll have no trouble finding the perfect fit for your home. Built from robust wood for durability this corner TV stand is a great choice for high traffic areas. A single open shelf with built-in cord management is designed to hold your DVR DVD player and other media devices while the shelf behind the two solid wood panel doors makes it easy to organize your remotes controllers and more. With your choice of available finishes this piece complements any home in a winning fashion. Size: 41.25W x 17D x 27H in.,50.25W x 17D x 27H in.,56.75W x 17D x 32H in.. Color: Olive Stone/Summer Sage Stone/Yellow Stone/Concord Stone/Bright White Stone/Aqua Stone/Soft White Stone/Black Stone/Smokey Blue Stone/Red Stone. read more
Select from available sizesDurable wood constructionYour choice of available finishes2 solid wood panel doors open to reveal 1 she...lf1 open shelf for storage and displayCorner design saves spaceBuilt-in cord management. With its rustic charm and simple elegance the Eagle Furniture Rustic Stone Corner TV Stand adds style and beauty to any living room. Featuring a corner design to save space as well as a selection of available sizes you’ll have no trouble finding the perfect fit for your home. Built from robust wood for durability this corner TV stand is a great choice for high traffic areas. A single open shelf with built-in cord management is designed to hold your DVR DVD player and other media devices while the shelf behind the two solid wood panel doors makes it easy to organize your remotes controllers and more. With your choice of available finishes this piece complements any home in a winning fashion. Size: 41.25W x 17D x 27H in.. Color: Summer Sage Stone. read more
Select from available sizesDurable wood constructionYour choice of available finishes2 solid wood panel doors open to reveal 1 she...lf1 open shelf for storage and displayCorner design saves spaceBuilt-in cord management. With its rustic charm and simple elegance the Eagle Furniture Rustic Stone Corner TV Stand adds style and beauty to any living room. Featuring a corner design to save space as well as a selection of available sizes you’ll have no trouble finding the perfect fit for your home. Built from robust wood for durability this corner TV stand is a great choice for high traffic areas. A single open shelf with built-in cord management is designed to hold your DVR DVD player and other media devices while the shelf behind the two solid wood panel doors makes it easy to organize your remotes controllers and more. With your choice of available finishes this piece complements any home in a winning fashion. Size: 56.75W x 17D x 32H in.. Color: Olive Stone. read more
Since 1998 Home Styles has merged highly functional, great-looking design with the affordability of ready-to-assemble furniture. V...ersatile styling and classic finishes make our furniture an ideal complement to traditional and contemporary decor. Our collections not only look good, but offer innovative functionalities in storage and configuration. Hardwood construction and quality hardware offer resilience through years of use. Our assembly directions are visual and easy to follow. The ready to assemble Mission corner TV stand is made of solid Parawood construction. Since the TV stand is unfinished you can easily finish it to match your existing furniture. Mission TV Sta- SKU: ZX9INTC421 read more
Select from available sizesDurable wood constructionYour choice of available finishes2 solid wood panel doors open to reveal 1 she...lf1 open shelf for storage and displayCorner design saves spaceBuilt-in cord management. With its rustic charm and simple... read more
|
Under Pressure From Uber, Taxi Medallion Prices Are PlummetingThe New York Times
So here’s my take: Cab fares are in the cross-hairs today but that’s just the beginning. Starting with Millennials, car-service apps can jumpstart carpooling, redefine ride-sharing and undercut the logic of single-occupancy driving. Here’s hoping Uber’s Bad Boys don’t turn people off, because Massachusetts needs to encourage these new services — while stoking competition among them and setting minimum safeguards for customers and drivers. The prize is lowering the CO2 costs of passenger trips, a big win in the fight against climate change. Thoughts?
|
//
// Generated by class-dump 3.5 (64 bit).
//
// class-dump is Copyright (C) 1997-1998, 2000-2001, 2004-2013 by Steve Nygard.
//
#import "CBaseContact.h"
#import "WCDBCoding.h"
@class EnterpriseRoomData, NSString;
@interface CEnterpriseContact : CBaseContact <WCDBCoding>
{
_Bool m_bHeadImageUpdateFlag;
_Bool m_bUpdateFlag;
unsigned int m_uiUserFlag;
unsigned int m_uiContactType;
NSString *m_nsContactDisplayName;
unsigned long long m_uiContactVer;
NSString *m_nsProfileJumpUrl;
NSString *m_nsAddMemberUrl;
EnterpriseRoomData *m_oRoomData;
NSString *m_nsBrandUserName;
long long m___rowID;
}
+ (id)contactFromBizChatUser:(id)arg1 brandUserName:(id)arg2;
+ (const basic_string_a490aa4c *)getWCDBPrimaryColumnName;
+ (const struct WCDBIndexHelper *)getWCDBIndexArray;
+ (unsigned long long)getWCDBIndexArrayCount;
+ (const map_0e718273 *)getFileValueTagIndexMap;
+ (id)getFileValueTypeTable;
+ (const map_0e718273 *)getPackedValueTagIndexMap;
+ (id)getPackedValueTypeTable;
+ (const map_7a576766 *)getValueNameIndexMap;
+ (id)getValueTable;
+ (id)dummyObject;
@property(nonatomic) long long __rowID; // @synthesize __rowID=m___rowID;
@property(nonatomic) _Bool m_bUpdateFlag; // @synthesize m_bUpdateFlag;
@property(retain, nonatomic) NSString *m_nsBrandUserName; // @synthesize m_nsBrandUserName;
@property(nonatomic) _Bool m_bHeadImageUpdateFlag; // @synthesize m_bHeadImageUpdateFlag;
@property(retain, nonatomic) EnterpriseRoomData *m_oRoomData; // @synthesize m_oRoomData;
@property(nonatomic) unsigned int m_uiContactType; // @synthesize m_uiContactType;
@property(nonatomic) unsigned int m_uiUserFlag; // @synthesize m_uiUserFlag;
@property(retain, nonatomic) NSString *m_nsAddMemberUrl; // @synthesize m_nsAddMemberUrl;
@property(retain, nonatomic) NSString *m_nsProfileJumpUrl; // @synthesize m_nsProfileJumpUrl;
@property(nonatomic) unsigned long long m_uiContactVer; // @synthesize m_uiContactVer;
@property(retain, nonatomic) NSString *m_nsContactDisplayName; // @synthesize m_nsContactDisplayName;
- (void).cxx_destruct;
- (_Bool)isContactTop;
- (_Bool)isFavorite;
- (_Bool)isSelf;
- (_Bool)isChatStatusNotifyOpen;
- (_Bool)isChatroom;
- (const map_0e718273 *)getValueTagIndexMap;
- (id)getValueTypeTable;
- (const WCDBCondition_d7690721 *)db_m_bUpdateFlag;
- (const WCDBCondition_c6db074e *)db_m_uiDraftTime;
- (const WCDBCondition_22fabacd *)db_m_nsDraft;
- (const WCDBCondition_22fabacd *)db_m_nsAtUserList;
- (const WCDBCondition_22fabacd *)db_m_nsBrandUserName;
- (const WCDBCondition_d7690721 *)db_m_bHeadImageUpdateFlag;
- (const WCDBCondition_8dd2b00c *)db_m_oRoomData;
- (const WCDBCondition_c6db074e *)db_m_uiContactType;
- (const WCDBCondition_c6db074e *)db_m_uiUserFlag;
- (const WCDBCondition_22fabacd *)db_m_nsAddMemberUrl;
- (const WCDBCondition_22fabacd *)db_m_nsHeadHDImgUrl;
- (const WCDBCondition_22fabacd *)db_m_nsProfileJumpUrl;
- (const WCDBCondition_7786cbb5 *)db_m_uiContactVer;
- (const WCDBCondition_22fabacd *)db_m_nsContactDisplayName;
- (const WCDBCondition_22fabacd *)db_m_nsUsrName;
// Remaining properties
@property(readonly, copy) NSString *debugDescription;
@property(readonly, copy) NSString *description;
@property(readonly) unsigned long long hash;
@property(retain, nonatomic) NSString *m_nsAtUserList;
@property(retain, nonatomic) NSString *m_nsDraft;
@property(retain, nonatomic) NSString *m_nsHeadHDImgUrl;
@property(retain, nonatomic) NSString *m_nsUsrName;
@property(nonatomic) unsigned int m_uiDraftTime;
@property(readonly) Class superclass;
@end
|
There's a problem with your browser or settings.
Your browser or your browser's settings are not supported. To get the best experience possible, please download a compatible browser. If you know your browser is up to date, you should check to ensure that
javascript is enabled.
All ISS systems continue to function nominally, except those noted previously or below.
At Baikonur/Kazakhstan, the new cargo ship Progress M-08M/40P was launched today on time at 11:11am EDT (9:11pm local time) on a Soyuz-U rocket. Ascent was nominal, and all spacecraft systems are without issues. Docking to the ISS at the DC1 (Docking Compartment) nadir port is planned for Saturday (10/30) at ~12:40pm.
At wake-up, FE-2 Skripochka conducted the regular daily early-morning check of the aerosol filters at the Russian Elektron O2 generator which Maxim Suraev had installed on 10/19/09 in gaps between the BZh Liquid Unit and the oxygen outlet pipe (filter FA-K) plus hydrogen outlet pipe (filter FA-V). [Oleg again inspects the filters before bedtime tonight, currently a daily requirement per plan, with photographs to be taken if the filter packing is discolored.]
After wake-up, CDR Wheelock, FE-6 Walker & FE-3 Kelly performed another session of the Reaction Self Test (Psychomotor Vigilance Self Test on the ISS) protocol. [The RST is done twice daily (after wakeup & before bedtime) for 3 days prior to the sleep shift, the day(s) of the sleep shift and 5 days following a sleep shift.The experiment consists of a 5-minute reaction time task that allows crewmembers to monitor the daily effects of fatigue on performance while on ISS. The experiment provides objective feedback on neurobehavioral changes in attention, psychomotor speed, state stability, and impulsivity while on ISS missions, particularly as they relate to changes in circadian rhythms, sleep restrictions, and extended work shifts.]
Also at day’s begin, Oleg Skripochka terminated his 2nd experiment session, started last night, for the long-term Russian sleep study MBI-12/Sonokard, taking the recording device from his Sonokard sports shirt pocket and later copying the measurements to the RSE-Med laptop for subsequent downlink to the ground. [Sonokard objectives are stated to (1) study the feasibility of obtaining the maximum of data through computer processing of records obtained overnight, (2) systematically record the crewmember’s physiological functions during sleep, (3) study the feasibility of obtaining real-time crew health data. Investigators believe that contactless acquisition of cardiorespiratory data over the night period could serve as a basis for developing efficient criteria for evaluating and predicting adaptive capability of human body in long-duration space flight.]
FE-1 Kaleri configured the hardware for the Russian MBI-21 PNEVMOKARD experiment, then conducted the 1h15m session, his first, which forbids moving or talking during data recording. Oleg took documentary photography. The experiment is controlled from the RSE-med A31p laptop and uses the TENZOPLUS sphygmomanometer to measure arterial blood pressure. The experiment was then closed out and the test data were downlinked via OCA. [PNEVMOKARD (Pneumocard) attempts to obtain new scientific information to refine the understanding about the mechanisms used by the cardiorespiratory system and the whole body organism to spaceflight conditions. By recording (on PCMCIA cards) the crewmember’s electrocardiogram, impedance cardiogram, low-frequency phonocardiogram (seismocardiogram), pneumotachogram (using nose temperature sensors), and finger photoplethismogram, the experiment supports integrated studies of (1) the cardiovascular system and its adaptation mechanisms in various phases of a long-duration mission, (2) the synchronization of heart activity and breathing factors, as well as the cardiorespiratory system control processes based on the variability rate of physiological parameters, and (3) the interconnection between the cardiorespiratory system during a long-duration mission and the tolerance of orthostatic & physical activities at the beginning of readaptation for predicting possible reactions of the crewmembers organism during the their return to ground.]
Working on the ESA VIS (Vessel ID) System, Doug Wheelock replaced the operational receiver unit with a stowed receiver. [Steps included deinstalling the anomalous LUXAIS receiver and installing the NORAIS receiver instead, including making cable connections and taking documentary photography. ESA’s ship tracking system is on an experimental run alongside the Norwegian AISSat-1 satellite with its own AIS (Automatic Identification System), the short range coastal traffic system used by ship and vessel traffic services around the world, launched last July (7/12). NORAIS (Norwegian AIS) is an improvement and advancement of AIS. The alternate LUXAIS receiver was developed in Luxembourg by LuxSpace and EmTronix. The primary goals of the ISS-based VIS NORAIS/LUXAIS experiment are to receive and decode AIS messages globally, as well as to aid in the development of an operational system. The system is financed under the ESA GSTP (General Support Technology).]
Afterwards, the CDR accessed and prepared the OGS (Oxygen Generator System) for taking water samples of the OGS recirculation loop which is under investigation for off-nominal water quality. After sample collection, the sampling gear was torn down again.
Doug also had ~45 min set aside for troubleshooting the Node-3/Cupola PCS (Portable Computer System) laptop. [The troubleshooting (bus issue) was not successful and will be continued.]
In the US A/L (Airlock), the CDR made preparations for the two planned ULF5 EVAs (Extravehicular Activities). Wheels and Scott then unstowed and transferred equipment required for the spacewalks.
Alex Kaleri conducted his first onboard session of the Russian MedOps assessment MO-12, (“Study of the Veins in the Lower Extremities”), using the KARDIOMED (Cardiomed) complex with orthogonal leads in the SM. [After loading the RSE-med laptop with the Cardiomed software, Sasha set up the equipment, which involves KARDIOMED-TsB, KARDIOMED-KP, KARDIOMED-PMO and KARDIOMED-KRM assemblies with ECG (electrocardiogram) electrodes in a HOLTER monitor harness, a PLETISMOGRAF (Plethysmograph) instrument with calf measuring cuff, pneumatic hose, thigh occlusion cuff, hand pump & valve, and a DOPPLER complex. A Plethysmograph (sometimes called a “body box”) is an instrument for measuring changes in volume within an organ or the whole body (usually resulting from fluctuations in the amount of blood or air it contains).]
Alex also performed his first data collection for the psychological MBI-16 Vzaimodejstvie (“Interactions”) program, accessing and completing the computerized study questionnaire on the RSE-Med laptop and saving the data in an encrypted file. [The software has a “mood” questionnaire, a “group & work environment” questionnaire, and a “critical incidents” log. Results from the study, which is also mirrored by ground control subjects, could help to improve the ability of future crewmembers to interact safely and effectively with each other and with Mission Control, to have a more positive experience in space during multi-cultural, long-duration missions, and to successfully accomplish mission activities.]
Before sleeptime tonight, Kaleri sets up the Russian MBI-12 payload and starts his 2nd Sonokard experiment session, using a sports shirt from the Sonokard kit with a special device in the pocket for testing a new method for acquiring physiological data without using direct contact on the skin. Measurements are recorded on a data card for return to Earth. [Sonokard objectives are stated to (1) study the feasibility of obtaining the maximum of data through computer processing of records obtained overnight, (2) systematically record the crewmember’s physiological functions during sleep, (3) study the feasibility of obtaining real-time crew health data. Investigators believe that contactless acquisition of cardiorespiratory data over the night period could serve as a basis for developing efficient criteria for evaluating and predicting adaptive capability of human body in long-duration space flight.]
Kelly had ~1h45m set aside to use the MAS (Microbial Air Sampler) kit for taking the periodic microbiology (bacterial & fungal) air samples from two specific sampling locations in the SM, Node-1, Lab and Node-3 as well as mid-module in JPM (JEM Pressurized Module). Later, Scott also had ~2h15m more to collect surface samples in the Lab using the Microbiology SSK (Surface Sampling Kit). [After a 5-day incubation period, the air & surface samples will be subjected on 11/1 to visual analysis & data recording with the surface slides and Petri dishes of the MAS & SSK.]
After familiarizing himself with the procedures for the SPHERES (Synchronized Position Hold, Engage, Reorient, Experimental Satellites) research program by reviewing reference files, Scott Kelly conducted a teleconference with the PD (Payload Developer) at ~12:55pm to discuss procedures. [SPHERES was originally developed to demonstrate the basics of formation flight and autonomous docking, using beacons as reference for the satellites, to fly formation with or dock to the beacon. A number of programs define various incremental tests including attitude control (performing a series of rotations), attitude-only tracking, attitude and range tracking, docking with handheld and mounted beacons, etc. The payload consists of up to three self-contained 8-inch dia. free-floating satellites which perform the various algorithms (control sequences), commanded and observed by the crew members which provide feedback to shape algorithm development. Each satellite has 12 thrusters and a tank with CO2 for propellant. In addition, there are 5 beacons, one beacon tester and a seat track extender for Beacon 5. The first tests, in May 2006, used only one satellite (plus two beacons – one mounted and one hand-held); a second satellite arrived on ULF1.1, the third on 12A.1. Formation flight and autonomous docking are important enabling technologies for distributed architectures.]
Afterwards, FE-3 performed the periodic inspection of the CGBA-4 (Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus 4) and CGBA-5 payloads in their ERs (EXPRESS Racks).
Scott also serviced the DECLIC (Device for the Study of Critical Liquids & Crystallization) experiment in ER4 (EXPRESS Rack 4) by replacing the RHDD (Removable Hard Disk Drive) #003 in the DECLIC ELL (Electronics Locker) with a new one (#005).
FE-6 Walker set up the PPFS (Portable Pulmonary Function System) hardware in COL (Columbus Orbital Laboratory), including MBS (Mixing Bag System), and then conducted her 4th session with the VO2max assessment, integrated with Thermolab. After concluding without issues, Shannon downloaded the data, including Thermolab, to a PCS (Portable Computer System) laptop, powered down, cleaned up and temporarily moved all hardware aside for Wheels’ VO2max session tomorrow. [The experiment VO2max uses the PPFS, CEVIS ergometer cycle, PFS (Pulmonary Function System) gas cylinders and mixing bag system, plus multiple other pieces of hardware to measure oxygen uptake, cardiac output, and more. The exercise protocol consists of a 2-min rest period, then three 5-min stages at workloads eliciting 25%, 50% & 75% of aerobic capacity as measured pre-flight, followed by a 25-watt increase in workload every minute until the crewmember reaches maximum exercise capacity. At that point, CEVIS workload increase is stopped, and a 5-min cool down period follows at the 25% load. Rebreathing measurements are initiated by the subject during the last minute of each stage. Constraints are: no food 2 hrs prior to exercise start, no caffeine 8 hrs prior to exercise, and must be well hydrated.]
Shannon Walker & Fyodor Yurchikhin undertook the standard 30-min Shuttle RPM (R-bar Pitch Maneuver) onboard skill training, the third for both of them, using D2X digital still cameras with 400 (Shannon) & 800mm (Fyodor) lenses to take in-cabin target imagery using an Orbiter tile diagram. Afterwards, FE-6 downlinked the obtained photographs for ground analysis. [The RPM drill prepares crewmembers for the bottom-side mapping of the Orbiter at the arrival of the Shuttle (STS-133/Discovery/ULF-5) on 11/3. During the RPM at ~600 ft from the station, the “shooters” have only ~90 seconds for taking high-resolution digital photographs of all tile areas and door seals on Discovery, to be downlinked for launch debris assessment. Thus, time available for the shooting will be very limited, requiring great coordination between the two headset-equipped photographers and the Shuttle pilot.]
Afterwards, Oleg worked in the SM on the BITS2-12 system itself, replacing one (ZU1A) of its four ZU memory/recording devices (EA025M) with another unit (ZU2B). [BITS2-12 is the primary telemetry downlink path for both FGB and SM parameters. The system collects, records, and transmits measurement data concerning all RS systems, science hardware and health status parameters of crewmembers to the ground. It provides ground specialists with insight in RS systems operations.]
BITS2-12 & VD-SU control mode were turned on again afterwards, allowing the Russian Elektron O2 generator to be reactivated by ground commanding, with Skripochka monitoring the external temperature of its secondary purification unit (BD) for the first 10 minutes of operations to ensure that there was no overheating. [Temperature is checked twice, about 3-4 minutes apart, with the MultiMeter with temperature probe. The standard manual check is required because the gas analyzer used on the Elektron during nominal operations for detecting hydrogen (H2) in the O2 line (which could cause overheating) is not included in the control algorithm until 10 minutes after Elektron startup.Elektron had to be turned off while the BITS2-12 onboard telemetry measurement system & VD-SU control mode were temporarily deactivated for EA025M maintenance.]
Oleg completed another photography session for the DZZ-13 “Seiner” ocean observation program, obtaining NIKON D3 photos with Nikkor 80-200 mm lens and the SONY HD video camcorder on oceanic water color bloom patterns in the waters of the South-Western Atlantic, then copying the images to the RSK-1 laptop,
FE-2 also initiated overnight (10-hr) charging of the KPT-2 Piren battery for the new Piren-V Pyro-endoscope, part of the Russian BAR science instruments suite (other BAR components being the ТТМ-2 Anemometer-Thermometer, the charger cable, and the video display unit). [Piren-V, a video-endoscope with pyrosensor, is part of the methods & means being used on ISS for detecting tiny leaks in ISS modules which could lead to cabin depressurization. Objective of the Russian KPT-12/EXPERT science payload is to measure environmental parameters (temperature, humidity, air flow rate) and module shell surface temperatures behind SM panels and other areas susceptible to possible micro-destruction (corrosion), before and after insolation (day vs. night). Besides Piren-V, the payload uses a remote infrared thermometer (Kelvin-Video), a thermohygrometer (Iva-6A), a heat-loss thermoanemometer/thermometer (TTM-2) and an ultrasound analyzer (AU) to determine environmental data in specific locations and at specific times. Activities include documentary photography with the NIKON D2X camera and flash.]
Starting at ~11:20am, Shannon had 1h20min set aside for an in-depth audio/teleconference with ground specialists to discuss the upcoming Robotics work with the SSRMS (Space Station Remote Manipulator System) in support of ULF5, in particular the transfer of the PMM (Permanent Multi-purpose Module) “Leonardo”.
After completing recharge of its battery, Kaleri installed the hardware of the GFI-1 “Relaksatsiya” (Relaxation) Earth Observation experiment at SM window #1 and then used it to observe & measure the high-rate interaction spectra of the Earth’s ionosphere. [Using the GFI-1UFK “Fialka” ultraviolet camera, SP spectrometer and HD (High Definition) camcorder, the experiment observes the Earth atmosphere and surface from window #1, with spectrometer measurements controlled from Laptop 3. “Relaxation”, in Physics, is the transition of an atom or molecule from a higher energy level to a lower one, emitting radiative energy in the process as equilibrium is achieved.]
Sasha also completed the daily IMS (Inventory Management System) maintenance by updating/editing its standard “delta file” including stowage locations, for the regular weekly automated export/import to its three databases on the ground (Houston, Moscow, Baikonur).
Oleg did the routine daily servicing of the SOZh system (Environment Control & Life Support System, ECLSS) in the SM. [Regular daily SOZh maintenance consists, among else, of checking the ASU toilet facilities, replacement of the KTO & KBO solid waste containers and replacement of EDV-SV waste water and EDV-U urine containers.]
Wheelock performed the periodic T2 snubber arm inspection on the T2/COLBERT treadmill, checking the joints of the arm stacks to track the structural integrity of the hardware following exercise sessions.
CEO (Crew Earth Observation) photo targets uplinked for today were Chiloe Island, Southern Chile(Beagle Site: Looking right of track for this large, rugged and forested island as ISS approached the southern coast of Chile from the southwest. Trying for context views of the island as a whole. Darwin arrived at this island on June 12, 1834), Villarrica Volcano, Chile (looking left of track at the line of glacial lakes extending at right angles away from track as your visual cue, with Villarrica between two of these lakes. Shooting along the line of lakes to capture the target. Snow-covered Villarrica is one of Chile's most active volcanoes and one of only four worldwide known to have an active lava lake within its crater), and La Paz, Bolivia (La Paz has a population of 1 to 2 million and is the world’s highest capital city, at over 10,000 feet elevation. Looking right for this target as ISS approached the Andes from the southwest. The city is located in the western part of the country, less than 50 miles southeast of Lake Titicaca).
|
Genre: Comedy, Crime, Drama
In his debut effort, director/writer Steven Baigleman put together an interesting premise and collected a talented cast to execute it. Unfortunately, he never sets the tone, so we are caught between a wildly black comedy and an emotionally brutal drama. A firmer footing in either genre would have better defined our reactions to it. Keanu Reeves plays Jjaks, a man so badly trod upon by fate that his very name is the result of a typo. He arrives back at his mother's house in a lower working-class Minnesota neighborhood to witness the marriage of his older brother (Vincent D'Onofrio) to an obviously reluctant bride (Cameron Diaz). By the time Jjaks is on his way, he's stolen a car, a dog, and his brother's wife. You have to give Baigleman credit for serving up intriguing characters. Unfortunately, he spins the story in circles instead of moving it along. Reeves and Diaz attempt to leave Minnesota, but never quite make it. Reeves repeatedly returns to a boyhood home he hates, always stumbling into his brother's angry clutches. What does work are the performances. Diaz is both sad and strong as the tough cookie who happens to be the smartest character in the movie. D'Onofrio's stupid nastiness is offset by his crushing love for her and an uncontrollable jealousy of Jjaks. Most surprising is Reeves, who makes us feel for his angry, unhappy loser by revealing flashes of decency under a toughened exterior. --Rochelle O'Gorman
|
var rules = require('../../../../lib/rules/util').rules;
module.exports = function(req, res) {
rules.disableDefault();
res.json({ec: 0, em: 'success', defaultRulesIsDisabled: rules.defaultRulesIsDisabled(), list: rules.getSelectedList()});
};
|
5-Way Optimization: Fan Xpert 4 – Elevates customized cooling to new heights, with the ability to detect PWM/DC fans on all headers, utilize high-amperage fans and control water-cooling pumps in software and UEFI.
|
Matheson No Longer An Option For “Old Joe”
After months and months of negotiations, Alachua County is no longer considering moving the confederate statue to the Matheson History Museum.
The county initially began discussions with the Matheson to relocate”Old Joe” in January 2016, but the museum eventually declined in October. The county tried again in January 2017, passing a motion to meet with museum board members to discuss the conditions that would allow the statue to be moved to the Matheson.
The following Monday the county announced, in a policy meeting, the Matheson was no longer a possible destination for Old Joe.
Ultimately, Macdonald said, the discussion with the county was about placing the statue in the park behind the museum, but the park is actually owned by the city. Macdonald said the museum’s property is actually quite limited outside the museum. The county would have to transfer the statue to the city.
“The only spots that it could go is right in front of the museum, or in the parking lot, or in the retention pond – that’s clearly not a good option, or in front of the 1987 Matheson House, which would alter the historical character of that property,” Macdonald said.
“When we told the commissioners that on Tuesday night, it was just a whole new wrinkle they hadn’t expected, Macdonald said.
Although Old Joe won’t be moved to the Matheson, the commission passed a motion Tuesday to explore other options for the relocation of the statue.
Macdonald said funding for the statue would be a complicated issue.
“It’s not just paying for the move,” Macdonald said. “There’s paying for the insurance, for liability – covering liability.”
The United Daughters of the Confederacy, the organization that raised the funds for “Old Joe” to be erected in 1904, recently sued in another state when a Confederate statue they had donated was moved, Macdonald said. It’s important the county finds out what the UDC thinks about the possibility of “Old Joe” being relocated.
Nansea Markham Miller, president of Gainesville’s UDC Kirby Smith Chapter No. 202, said she and her chapter want the statue to remain where it is.
I can only speak for my chapter, UDC Kirby Smith 202. We respect and admire our sisters in service honoring Alachua County Veterans by erecting the monument. We are patriotic and believe in honoring all Alachua County Veterans. We respect, support, and are especially grateful for the Alachua County Veterans Advisory Board’s recommendation that the statue should stay where it is. How Veterans of yesteryear are treated today, signals how today’s Veterans will be treated tomorrow. God Bless them all!
Virginia Fettes, who has been a member of the UDC since 1974, is also opposed to relocating the historic statue.
“We’re honoring veterans with that statue, and we just don’t want to disrespect any veteran,” Fettes said.
Despite the statue’s uncertain future, the Alachua County Historical Commission, an advisory board to the Alachua County Commission, met Monday Feb. 13, to discuss creating text for a historical plaque that will provide context for “Old Joe.”
The historical commission reached out to University of Florida professors who could provide authoritative input on what would be most appropriate for the plaque to include. One of these professors, Matthew Gallman, agreed to help.
Gallman, professor of history, said the plaque is a good idea as long as it meets some basic standards.
“I think that if you’re going to put up a plaque, it ought to communicate three periods of history, not just the Civil War,” Gallman said.
First, Gallman said, the plaque should explain the Civil War and mention old Gainesville and the status of slavery in Gainesville at that time. Second, it’s important it talks about the history of when the monument went up, which was 1904.
“Why is it that 50 years after the Civil War, Gainesville put up a monument to celebrate Confederate veterans?” Gallman said. “I think we can imagine some reasons.”
Finally, Gallman said, the plaque should convey what’s happening now, so 10 to 20 years from now people can know why the plaque was made and what incited it’s creation, which was a mass shooting in Charleston, South Carolina in 2015 by a man associated with white supremacy and Confederate symbols.
5 comments
Then tear it down: isn’t there a sinkhole that needs filled? Some gardeners and landscapers that could use the rubble? Or a perfect solution: give it to the fine people at the Repurpose Project!
Kirby Smith and the DAC, if you are truly “patriotic and believe in honoring all Alachua County Veterans” then you need to renounce the inscription on this Confederate monument and its celebration of slavery. (Inscription reads “They counted the cost and in defense of right they paid the martyr’s price.”)
Leave it alone, and forget to plaque as from what the so called professor said it would be more pc garbage. In fact we know it will not be historically accurate because he said it himself when discussing phase two and the erection of the monument “i think we imagine why” the key words being I think, not facts but supposition and personal beliefs.
For Heavens sake, do you people really have nothing better to do? It is sickening to think that you would actually consider spending all those taxpayer dollars on this pc boloney. Sure could feed a lot of poor people and house a lot of homeless for what it would cost to move a statue. So why do you waste taxpayers money? ” I think we can imagine why.” Politicians trying to make a name for themselves by race baiting.
|
<?php
/**
* Magento
*
* NOTICE OF LICENSE
*
* This source file is subject to the Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
* that is bundled with this package in the file LICENSE.txt.
* It is also available through the world-wide-web at this URL:
* http://opensource.org/licenses/osl-3.0.php
* If you did not receive a copy of the license and are unable to
* obtain it through the world-wide-web, please send an email
* to license@magento.com so we can send you a copy immediately.
*
* DISCLAIMER
*
* Do not edit or add to this file if you wish to upgrade Magento to newer
* versions in the future. If you wish to customize Magento for your
* needs please refer to http://www.magento.com for more information.
*
* @category Mage
* @package Mage_Api
* @copyright Copyright (c) 2006-2020 Magento, Inc. (http://www.magento.com)
* @license http://opensource.org/licenses/osl-3.0.php Open Software License (OSL 3.0)
*/
/**
* Enter description here ...
*
* @method Mage_Api_Model_Resource_Rules _getResource()
* @method Mage_Api_Model_Resource_Rules getResource()
* @method int getRoleId()
* @method Mage_Api_Model_Rules setRoleId(int $value)
* @method string getResourceId()
* @method Mage_Api_Model_Rules setResourceId(string $value)
* @method string getPrivileges()
* @method Mage_Api_Model_Rules setPrivileges(string $value)
* @method int getAssertId()
* @method Mage_Api_Model_Rules setAssertId(int $value)
* @method string getRoleType()
* @method Mage_Api_Model_Rules setRoleType(string $value)
* @method string getPermission()
* @method Mage_Api_Model_Rules setPermission(string $value)
*
* @category Mage
* @package Mage_Api
* @author Magento Core Team <core@magentocommerce.com>
*/
class Mage_Api_Model_Rules extends Mage_Core_Model_Abstract
{
protected function _construct()
{
$this->_init('api/rules');
}
public function update() {
$this->getResource()->update($this);
return $this;
}
public function getCollection() {
return Mage::getResourceModel('api/permissions_collection');
}
public function saveRel() {
$this->getResource()->saveRel($this);
return $this;
}
}
|
The Virgin's Daughters Giveaway!
In a court filled with repressed sexual longing, scandal, and intrigue, Lady Katherine Grey is Elizabeth’s most faithful servant. When the young queen is smitten by the dashing Robert Dudley, Katherine must choose between duty and desire—as her secret passion for a handsome earl threatens to turn Elizabeth against her. Once the queen becomes a bitter and capricious monarch, another lady-in-waiting, Mistress Mary Rogers, offers the queen comfort. But even Mary cannot remain impervious to the court’s sexual tension—and as Elizabeth gives her doomed heart to the mercurial Earl of Essex, Mary is drawn to the queen’s rakish godson…
Giveaway 411:
* Giveaway ends on August 3rd. Winner will be announced on August 4th.
* Open to US entries ONLY. Sorry kiddos, I'm not fronting the shipping on this one!
* For 5 additional entries sign up as a follower; if you already are a follower you will automatically get this.
* For another additional one entry: post, sidebar, facebook or twitter about this giveaway.
|
function [improvedRxns, intermediateSlns] = analyzeGCdesign(modelRed, selectedRxns, target, deletions, maxKOs, objFunction, delPenalty, intermediateSlns)
% Analyzes results with replacement knockouts
% should get closer to local maxima. Must have num `KOs` > 1.
%
% USAGE:
%
% [improvedRxns, intermediateSlns] = analyzeGCdesign(modelRed, selectedRxns, target, deletions, maxKOs, objFunction, delPenalty, intermediateSlns)
%
% INPUTS:
% modelRed: reduced model
% selectedRxns: selected reaction list from the reduced model
% target: exchange `rxn` to optimize
% deletions: initial set of `KO` `rxns` (must have at least 1 `rxn`)
%
% OPTIONAL INPUTS:
% maxKOs: maximum number of `rxn` `KOs` to allow (Default = 10)
% objFunction: pick an objective function to use (Default = 1):
%
% 1. `obj = maxRate` (yield)
% 2. `obj = growth*maxRate` (SSP)
% 3. `obj = maxRate*(delPenalty^numDels)` (yield with KO penalty)
% 4. `obj = growth*maxRate*(delPenalty^numDels)` (SSP with KO penalty)
% 5. `obj = maxRate*(slope^(-1))` (GC_yield)
% 6. `obj = growth*maxRate*(slope^(-1))` (GC_SSP)
% 7. `obj = maxRate*(delPenalty^numDels)*(slope^(-1))` (GC_yield with KO penalty)
% 8. `obj = growth*maxRate*(delPenalty^numDels)*(slope^(-1))` (GC_SSP with KO penalty)
% delPenalty: penalty on extra `rxn` deletions (Default = .99)
% intermediateSlns: Previous set of solutions (Default = deletions)
%
% OUTPUTS:
% improvedRxns: the `KO` `rxns` for an improved strain
% intermediateSlns: all the sets of best `KO` `rxns` that are picked before the
% final set is reached
% .. Authors:
% - Jeff Orth 7/25/07
% - Richard Que 1/19/10 Replaced try/catch blocks
if (nargin < 5)
maxKOs = 10;
end
if (nargin < 6)
objFunction = 1;
end
if (nargin < 7)
delPenalty = .99;
end
if (nargin < 8)
intermediateSlns = {deletions};
end
%set the objective function
switch objFunction
case 1
objectiveFunction = 'maxRate';
hasSlope = false;
case 2
objectiveFunction = 'growth*maxRate';
hasSlope = false;
case 3
objectiveFunction = 'maxRate*(delPenalty^numDels)';
hasSlope = false;
case 4
objectiveFunction = 'growth*maxRate*(delPenalty^numDels)';
hasSlope = false;
case 5
objectiveFunction = 'maxRate*(slope^(-1))';
hasSlope = true;
case 6
objectiveFunction = 'growth*maxRate*(slope^(-1))';
hasSlope = true;
case 7
objectiveFunction = 'maxRate*(delPenalty^numDels)*(slope^(-1))';
hasSlope = true;
case 8
objectiveFunction = 'growth*maxRate*(delPenalty^numDels)*(slope^(-1))';
hasSlope = true;
end
if isempty(deletions)
error('no knockout reactions defined')
end
delArraySize = size(deletions); %make sure deletions list is horizontal
if delArraySize(1) > 1
rxns = deletions';
else
rxns = deletions;
end
BOF = modelRed.rxns(modelRed.c==1); %get biomass objective function
modelKO = changeRxnBounds(modelRed,rxns,0,'b');
FBAsol1 = optimizeCbModel(modelKO,'max',0,true); %find max growth rate of strain
if FBAsol1.stat>0
modelKOfixed = changeRxnBounds(modelKO,BOF,FBAsol1.f-1e-6,'l'); %fix the growth rate
modelKOfixed = changeObjective(modelKOfixed,target); %set target as the objective
FBAsol2 = optimizeCbModel(modelKOfixed,'min',0,true); %find minimum target rate at this growth rate
growth = FBAsol1.f;
maxRate = FBAsol2.f;
numDels = length(rxns);
if hasSlope %only calculate these if the obj function includes slope
modelTarget = changeObjective(modelKO,target); %set target as the objective
FBAsol4 = optimizeCbModel(modelTarget,'min',0,true); %find min production rate
modelTargetFixed = changeRxnBounds(modelKO,target,FBAsol4.f,'b'); %fix production to minimum
FBAsol5 = optimizeCbModel(modelTargetFixed,'max',0,true); %find max growth at min production
minProdRate = FBAsol4.f;
maxGrowthMinRate = FBAsol5.f;
if growth ~= maxGrowthMinRate
slope = (maxRate-minProdRate)/(growth-maxGrowthMinRate);
else
slope = 1; %don't consider slope if div by 0
end
end
objective = eval(objectiveFunction);
bestObjective = objective
bestRxns = rxns;
% if the initial reactions are lethal
else
bestObjective = 0
bestRxns = rxns;
end
% loop through each KO rxn and replace with every rxn from selectedRxns to
% search for a possible improvement
showprogress(0, 'improving knockout design');
for i = 1:length(rxns)+1
bestObjective2 = bestObjective;
bestRxns2 = bestRxns;
for j = 1:length(selectedRxns)+1
showprogress((j+(i-1)*length(selectedRxns))/((length(rxns)+1)*(length(selectedRxns)+1)));
newRxns = rxns;
if (i==length(rxns)+1)&&(j==length(selectedRxns)+1)
%don't do anything at the very end
elseif j ~= length(selectedRxns)+1
newRxns{i} = selectedRxns{j}; %replace rxn with different one
elseif i == 1 %or else remove one of the rxns
newRxns = rxns(2:length(rxns));
elseif i == length(rxns)
newRxns = rxns(1:length(rxns)-1);
else
newRxns = cat(2,rxns(1:i-1),rxns(i+1:length(rxns)));
end
if length(newRxns) <= maxKOs %limit the total number of knockouts
modelKO = changeRxnBounds(modelRed,newRxns,0,'b');
FBAsol1 = optimizeCbModel(modelKO,'max',0,true); %find max growth rate of strain
if FBAsol1.stat>0
modelKOfixed = changeRxnBounds(modelKO,BOF,FBAsol1.f-1e-6,'l'); %fix the growth rate
modelKOfixed = changeObjective(modelKOfixed,target); %set target as the objective
FBAsol2 = optimizeCbModel(modelKOfixed,'min',0,true); %find minimum target rate at this growth rate
FBAsol3 = optimizeCbModel(modelKOfixed,'max',0,true); %find maximum target rate at this growth rate
growth = FBAsol1.f;
maxRate = FBAsol2.f;
numDels = length(newRxns);
if hasSlope %only calculate these if the obj function includes slope
modelTarget = changeObjective(modelKO,target); %set target as the objective
FBAsol4 = optimizeCbModel(modelTarget,'min',0,true); %find min production rate
modelTargetFixed = changeRxnBounds(modelKO,target,FBAsol4.f,'b'); %fix production to minimum
FBAsol5 = optimizeCbModel(modelTargetFixed,'max',0,true); %find max growth at min production
minProdRate = FBAsol4.f;
maxGrowthMinRate = FBAsol5.f;
if growth ~= maxGrowthMinRate
slope = (maxRate-minProdRate)/(growth-maxGrowthMinRate);
else
slope = 1; %don't consider slope if div by 0
end
end
newObjective = eval(objectiveFunction);
%see if objective is increased by this new gene
if newObjective > bestObjective2
bestObjective2 = newObjective
bestRxns2 = newRxns
intermediateSlns{length(intermediateSlns)+1} = bestRxns2; %add new intermediateSln to the list
end
end
end
end
if bestObjective2 > bestObjective
bestObjective = bestObjective2
bestRxns = bestRxns2
end
end
bestObjective
bestRxns
% recursively call analyzeGCdesign again until no improvement is found
if length(bestRxns) ~= length(rxns)
[bestRxns,intermediateSlns] = analyzeGCdesign(modelRed,selectedRxns,target,bestRxns,maxKOs,objFunction,delPenalty,intermediateSlns);
elseif length(find(strcmp(bestRxns,rxns)))~=length(rxns)
[bestRxns,intermediateSlns] = analyzeGCdesign(modelRed,selectedRxns,target,bestRxns,maxKOs,objFunction,delPenalty,intermediateSlns);
end
% print final results
improvedRxns = sort(bestRxns)
|
HTML5 Browser Games
Fuckerman in the Russian village Help him to fuck all the girls he meets! Complete the game and open the gallery of porn animations. support my games on www.patreon.com/bambook version for Windows 64 bithttps://mega.nz/#F!ur5w0KRK!wgI6tCq4zZRFMlU2v6k1tg version for Android https://mega.nz/#!TupWAYgY!0JMqbXMhhTOL1Ax8VPKHR6KN8K1M54fgDxMfabfIEq0 Views: 28701
This is an unfinished alpha version of the game. Will be added: - new April emotions - new pose - new items - new heroines All news about this game and my other projects you can find here https://www.patreon.com/feodosiy Views: 15181
Hentai Diaries is an erotic hentai adult game featuring a free-roaming environment, rotating and updating cast and richly animated adult sex scenes. Characters with interactive scenes require a small amount of in game money, however Riley's tutorial free. In game money can be found at respawn points in-game which respawns roughly once a week. Hentai Diaries was build by a small team of developers. We have put our heads together on the development for many hours but we don't consider our game perfect. Help us improve Hentai Diaries by writing a review, but do keep in mind that we have costs to cover to keep the game online and get new content added. We read and take any and all suggestions into consideration. Thank you for your time checking us out! Views: 3731
This thing's been in the works since something like March 2018, and is still very much a work in progress. Use Ctrl to skip text. Esc to access main menu. Saves are automatic. Get the OFFLINE VERSION of the game, latest construct, news, pictures and help to keep the project alive by supporting PinkTea on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/pinktea Or on SubscribeStar: https://www.subscribestar.com/pinktea Views: 16363
(WARNING: Using the latest versions of Chrome or Firefox is highly recommended! Game may crash at start otherwise. If you still have problems with the game, you can download the desktop version here:https://drive.google.com/open?id=1x7MG8X3gwNEUuROYdRIhoDqD6lFHGkhQ Don't worry if your antivirus pops up, it's 100% safe!) It took a while, but here's the chapter 2 of Into the Forest! This chapter features a script almost twice as long as the first one. Also, by popular demand I've added the Log and the Hide UI features! Give it a go and tell me what you think! If you liked this game, consider supporting me at:https://www.patreon.com/babusgames My patrons can download the beautiful HD, full-screen version of this game, and also access an exclusive scene! Views: 22759
NOTE:This is the HTML build. Episode 1-10 is available for PC and Mac downloads on my Patreon (link below) Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lewdlab Website: https://www.lewdlab.com/ This is a story about power, lust and corruption with a mystery to solve! You play as the so called Main Character, a young guy living in a small town. Due to unfortunate circumstances, it looks like he is forced to go to military school. Our hero however, has other ideas. He never wanted to be a soldier. As things start to look inevitable, he stumbles upon an old book about the ways of the mind. With the help of newfound knowledge he can change the course of his life. But how will he do it, and what's the price he has to pay? Views: 16719
In this fantasy world, you are playing Amir - a slave trainer and merchant who has lost most of his money. Your last chance to save yourself is "Julia" - a beautiful slave you have spent your last dime to purchase. You depend on her, but she will need a lot of harsh training on her way of becoming a proper sex slave which you can sell or offer her services. You can be nice at times (or not), but at the end of the day.. you know that slaves need discipline and total abidance. Lucky for you.. you know just what to do. Patreon: www.patreon.com/SlavesOfAmir Views: 3008
LustFlux is an adult, management type game, where you hire characters, assign them to specific jobs and use them to complete tasks (rewards are animated sex scenes). Getting started: -Right click on bar (bar window will pop up) -Select and hire the girl you like -Drag girl to shop, bar or hotel -Click on that building to receive income Don't forget to check other buildings, give girl new items and specializations, and If you like this game, please consider supporting development at patreon:https://www.patreon.com/obliqq Also, if you have troubles playing this game online - you can get free standalone (offline) version at patreon. Views: 2309
Take on the role of an intergalactic spaceship transporter as she gets involved in plenty of fun and erotic scenarios while trying to do her job. First things first: Thank you to all the artists who have graciously allowed me to use their artworks in this project! Please click the artist links found in the game and check out their respective pages~ The music for the game consists of this royalty free track: https://soundcloud.com/lyfomusic/high And ambient tracks provided by: https://www.furaffinity.net/user/akurozinnui/ please check him out as well~ Lastly I'd like to give a special thanks to Sorin and Tom for helping me with a bit of spellchecking. To everyone who gave me feedback on the beta. This game would not exist as it is now without your input. And to everyone who let me use their characters in my game, you know who you are:3 -------------------------- By request I made a walkthrough for the game: https://docs.google.com/document/d/15x0YKD0OQehiTNZxzN_rCE98s58mzYlK1IM2UjHc1FI/edit Given the result of the first hundred or so responses to the survey I have decided to set up a Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/SamanthaSnow And a standalone version: https://mega.nz/#!LWAVAQyJ!nNic0ZSjpbwLYRBALhuyGeLQP1pLBw8q5PbP4mZuKMM Views: 8391
Very titillating and depraved fuck-a-thon game. The rules of the game are very elementary. Use the keys on the keyboard to fuck lovely and huge-boobed Jade. Notice how she licks your fat jizz-shotgun and plays with big pouch. Fuck her in the mouth until you pour spunk into her deep facehole. After that, embark fucking Jade in her cock-squeezing and humid vag. Fuck her over and over again until she reaches a multiple orgasm. Then fuck her in the chocolate eye. Jade screams in agony and sexual pleasure when a fat jizz-shotgun rips her cock-squeezing arse in half. Definitely Jade loves deep buttfuck foray. So if you're ready to do it, then let's embark playing at this time. Views: 8863
HI! I'm a hentai artist and I'm working on a new "slave-maker" game. It's first concept of gameplay and art. Looking for reviews:) Time speed changes when you click on clock numeral. All news and updates will be published here https://www.patreon.com/neshmorgan Views: 26490
Risqué Vice is an adult game about Rebecca and her journey to become a successful girl and (hopefully) pay the rent. Rebecca - or Becca, if you prefer - will start as a hot humble girl and with your help, she'll become a true star of the porn industry! Please, consider supporting the game on Patreon.:)http://www.patreon.com/RisqueVice Views: 828
*UPDATE: House of Maids v0.2.4 is now available on Patreon. DOWNLOAD v0.2.4: https://www.patreon.com/dark_cube "House of Maids" visual novel tells a story about a youthfull glamor photographer who shows up on an isolated island for a photo shoot with a smoking hot model but instead detects a secret private mansion inhabited by astonishing maids and kinky servants. And that's how an arousing player's venture starts! You may start looking for a quick way off the island or get acquainted with its sexy inhabitants and dive into an incredible story - the choice is always yours! After ending v0.0.3A, you're welcome to go to game's Patreon page and perform the latest v0.0.3B game updatet! It gives even more characters, locations, hot scenes, kinky secrets and CG artworks to enjoy!:) "House of Maids" on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/dark_cube Gameplay features: - visual novel story progression - high-quality animated game characters - diversity of well-liked fetishes - interactive bang-out scenes - branching dialogues - multiple choices - multiple endings. ---------------------------- Changelog v.0.0.3a ---------------------------- Gameplay: - three new characters; - new futanari content (optional); - new unlockable CG artworks; - new secret CG artworks; - new locations, including the Mansion; - new meaningful choices, which unlock new routes and characters. Fixes: - new design for maid Sofia; - immovable CG gallery artworks; - immovable multiple typos; - immobilized scripts; If you like the game and wish to support its production, please visit its Patreon page and get these rewards: - latest PC/Mac sort of the game; - character sketches; - character pin-ups (high performance ); - bang-out scenes (high performance ); - secret CG's (high heeled ); - participate in voting polls; - your name in the game credits; - and more!:) "House of Maids" on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/dark_cube Thanks for playing the game along with sharing your feedback!:) Views: 3031
Create your own animations with a few simple tools. Pic2Jelly is a game where you can select any static image and apply some neat animations on top of it. This collection is composed of a few already animated images that you can edit and play with. If you like to try the app with your own images, you can get it here:https://jitd.itch.io/pic2jelly The project is a WIP and is constantly being updated, so there may be some bugs. Credits: Audio: Mimi --Sound Pack 1 By Gia F. Simone Views: 2155
Absolutely Haunting! is a shorter eroge Visual Novel about your school's Occult Club, which only has three members! Gabrielle, Lucy, and you decide to liven up your club activities, and investigate the rumors about the abandoned old school. As you start your ghost hunt, the doors slam shut behind you and you discover you're locked in! The haunting rumors of this place may not be rumors at all. Figure out who or what is haunting the school, why Gabby and Lucy are acting so enjoyably strange, and get out without becoming the next ghost! --------------------------------------------------------------------- Hi everyone! This is just the public demo (chapter 1) of a small project that I've been working on with a couple of my friends. The game will remain free-to-play, and this is just our current checkpoint in production. We intended for the full version to easily have three times the number of h-CGs, a solid soundtrack, and original Backgrounds instead of the free-to-use ones we have now. We recognize that there are some deficiencies, especially in the CG and music department, and we hope to remedy those in future versions. It also takes like...ten seconds to start after you hit New Game, for some reason... >.
Views: 5408
Finally! Here is a new demo release of the Whoreizon Game! After being silent for a long time and having some life changes I got back to Whoreizon development. There is a lot of work ahead. While you are waiting for updates I want to introduce some new characters to you and tell about events that will take place in the new game. Game cycle consists of repeatable and non-repeatable actions. Depending on what Roxy will do different unique events will be accessible. Also each event contains different scenario options as well as consequences for passing the game. One of such events is job interview in LewdRobotics. This is the point of demo game. Controls: WASD – movement E – interact It's a 40 MB game – please wait for the download! In case out of memory error. Try to close any other tabs you have open and then refresh this page. Enjoy and leave your feedback, please! It really helps me!https://www.patreon.com/whoreizon Views: 3817
The UPN (The Underworld Porn Network) is my new project for a videogame, it is the successor to UWXtudio. The game revolves around a porn network that starts it's mission of having supernatural girls from the world and underworld to share their erotic and sexual activities with the camera. This demo is for NetherRider. This page is about Loreneth, this demoness is a member of an outlaw motorcycle club from the underworld, this club is known on the surface to rise from hell to terrorize the roads and small communities, actually killing and dragging other motorcycle clubs members to the underworld. Control her actions and watch her posing, masturbating and having sex. press 1 + U to make her urinate, also you can shove billiard balls and stuff up her butt while you're on the first "Wait" pose On the full game you can film the girls, earn money by making videos and buying accessories and sex toys to use on more videos. You also have access to the other girls and film locations, you can download it for free at my patreon page. If you like this game please consider supporting me on patreon, you get access to additional content no the full game and early releases. The game is on constant development, so expect to see much more content, like girls, poses, places and more on future releases! https://www.patreon.com/matpneumatos Views: 2111
Game Fixed. BG back in. This game was the combination of several factors mostly a way of telling more text based stories while breaking up the words in a way that made reading more easy and fun. CYOA are very interesting as the method of breaking up stories and choices can vary dramatically so there is a lot of room for exploration. I plan to make a few more of these as I enjoyed making this one. For a better play experience please try it here. http://prismblush.com/night-angel-cyoa-game/ And of course the patreon to help make more.http://patreon.com/doxygames Views: 6116
Gameplay is based on a motion comic with a non-linear plot mixed with MATCH3 puzzle fights. Jon Lockhart walked through the prison gates a free man, after spending years imprisoned as the supposed murderer of an old friend. He returned once more to the city where it all started intent on figuring out who it was that framed him for the murder and make them pay in blood for the crime. http://store.steampowered.com/app/671390/Metropolis_Lux_Obscura/ Views: 1665
Whoreizon — It’s a story-driven adult game with RPG-elements. Your actions influence the course of the game and you can get one of many endings. Уou can play the game for free. But the free version does not include the latest updates and all super add-ons, available for Patrons-only. Also I recommend you to download desktop version, for better graphics and performance. Development requires a lot of time, but I want to create a cool game with a lot of endings, gameplay features and hidden «easter eggs». If you join me as my Patron — you’ll receive the latest build and all unique rewards according to your pledge. Voting, last news, secret stages, X-Ray vision of erotic actions or even unique in-game model by your wish — it will be yours. Also, I want to remind you, that It’s a Demo Version — only a demonstration of graphics, gameplay ideas and my first steps on the Road to the Great Game. While you reading this, I’m finishing first Alfa-build of full edition of Whoreizon Game. Interesting story, unusual behaviour of in-game camera, RPG-elements, a lot of endings— every story is a unique journey in a Whoreizon World. For better perfomance and graphics download a desktop versions:www.patreon.com/whoreizon Thank you for playing! Support me on Patreon! XOXO Views: 1401
Gameplay guide at https://docs.google.com/document/d/1NGFqSm9UrV16D8KluB9-9eGv0wvVbraufS7kYDNHiLk/edit?usp=sharing Heroine Rumble is a 3D act yuri/futa wrestling game where you try to out intercourse each other at the ring. You have total control over your character(s). Train her stronger together using the Lewds dropped by enemies or from winning matches, pack her repertoire with all kind of lewd moves, then dress her up to your liking, or perhaps transform her bod using unspeakable lewd procedures. And eventually, decide her fate. Features Fully animated Yuri focused, together with all optional futa Over 50 unique"positions" Story Mode with character progression Destructible and customizeable garments Build your own character. Don't like the default woman appearance, moveset, color or garment? No problem. Make your own! Difficulty settings copious custom-built exhibition modes - 1v1, 2v2, 1v3, 4v4 and more. Adjustable controls, graphics options, sound choices. It should work on Firefox also, although recommended and the web version to play on Chrome. IE/EDGE ARE NOT SUPPORTED. It is a 3D game and it might take a while to stream all of the assets. If it freezes, try reloading the page. Game window size and controls are customizeable in-game under options. Offline version is available at https://www.patreon.com/enlit3d. This is an updated version compared to the former html5 build. For total patch notes, see https://enlit3d.blogspot.com or www.patreon.com/enlit3d. Views: 6710
If you like the game, then please support it. If you do, you'll get even more content too. https://patreon.com/chaos00177 Want to see future games and updates on this one? Follow me herehttp://chaos00177.newgrounds.com/follow Let me know what you'd like to see for future updates and what you thought for this version of the game. If you want a high quality game, then tell me what you want to see improved so that I can make one for you. Views: 2700
Deep Secrets v0.1 Adult Thriller Game Hale Wolfe is a successful executive in an international corporation, but he has secrets, secrets he determined to keep after all they give him his status and money even if he has no control over them. But one visit in a middle of the night from his sister makes him feel like he starting to lose control over his life Features Interactive Sex Scenes - Giving you ability to relive same moments again and again each time differently Immersive Reality Environment - Surf the Internet, Watch TV, Listen to Music, Play in Games all inside this game If you would like to support the development of this game visit HotLine Games: https://www.patreon.com/HotLine Views: 1614
"House of Maids" visual novel tells a story about a young glamor photographer who appears on an isolated island for a photo shoot with a smoking hot model but instead discovers a secret private mansion inhabited by amazing maids and kinky servants. And that's how an exciting player's adventure begins! You may look for a quick way off the island or get acquainted with its sexy inhabitants and dive into an amazing story - the choice is always yours! "House of Maids" on Patreon (NEW v0.2.4 is available): https://www.patreon.com/dark_cube Gameplay features: - visual novel story progression - high-quality animated game characters - variety of popular fetishes - interactive sex scenes - branching dialogues - multiple choices - multiple endings. ----------------- CHANGELOG V0.0.3B ----------------- Gameplay: - Jessie Joys story arc (complete); - three Jessie Joys scene endings; - new CG artworks; - new locations; - new meaningful choices, which unlock new routes and scene endings. Fixes: - fixed multiple typos; - fixed incorrectly displayed previews in the CG gallery; - improved scripts. If you like the game and wish to get an exclusive content, visit its Patreon page and get these rewards: - latest PC/Mac versions of the game; - character sketches; - character pin-ups (high-resolution); - sex scenes (high-resolution); - secret CG's (high-resolution); - participate in voting polls; - get your name in the game credits; - and more!:) "House of Maids" on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/dark_cube Thanks for playing and sharing your feedback! Views: 2544
NOTE: For some reason the background music is not starting correctly on starting the game. To enable the music go to the sound menu and switch soundtracks to start up the music. Its time for another public Alpha of Occupational Hazards Episode 2! The game is still pretty bare-bones, and not very polished. But I think there is enough new content for a public release. Most notably for this version a whole new planet has been added, with a decent amount of new content to boot, some of which is main-story related. Since some of the new content require asking for rumours at the bar I will mention that there are three placeholder replies, and *two* fleshed out replies that open new locations on planet 2. I hope the game is moderately enjoyable, and any feedback is greatly appreciated <3 I still have not found a way to explain this well in the game itself, so I will mention it here. once the option to ask your chosen relationship character out on a date, don't fret, the system is not broken. Just keep calling them and eventually *they* will ask *you* out:3 Downloadable public builds are available via my Patreon for those who are interested.https://www.patreon.com/SamanthaSnow V0.4.0 Changelog: - Added one regular and one partly hidden "machine masturbation" scene to the home spaceship. - Improved the inventory management system. It is now impossible.to right-click and drag as right clicking is reserved for use item/auto-equip functionality. - Added the mechanic to the "ask mechanic for help to install hyperdrive" scene. - Added the starmap. - Added planet 2. - Added a chastity gear production factory to planet 2 with acquirable gear and integrated functionality. - Revised the dating functionality to make it harder to get stuck at milestone dates. - Added the ability to make emergency clothing should you find yourself in your ship without the clothes needed to leave. - Added military blockade scenes to direct you to the correct planet and a scene progression if you refuse to listen. - Added the bar location to planet 2 - Added the cartel HQ location with 5 complete jobs to planet 2 - Added a brothel with a small selection of scenes to planet 2 - Added a backup autosave system. - Added more clothing, mainly a selection of collars. - General buxfixes. - Added some new art assets. Views: 10191
Pigglet would do anything for a free meal. Even entering a restaurant full of monster girls! Fight, talk and puzzle your way into their hearts! ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Play the ❤️ **SEXtended Edition** ❤️ at https://www.patreon.com/peninja! Enjoy TWICE the lewd content (200%)! ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Use *WASD* to walk, *E* to interact and *Q* to access the menu (WIP). In case you get stuck, use some lube:P Or, you could use this guide here:https://www.patreon.com/posts/pigglet-in-mrs-v-24773308 If you find something you don't like (or *do* like), let us know! Have fun playing!:) Stay funky, your Team Tailnut: Dezue & OniGiri Views: 742
Hi! My name is Viktor, and I love hardcore games, porn, and I always wanted to do something cool. So I decided to create The Last Barbarian – a hardcore adult game. The idea of this game came to me after a few hundreds of hours spent in Dark Souls. I thought that this game literally raped me! And I wanted to make a game in which the main character will have sex instead of death. _________ Attention! This is a WEB BUILD. Because of memory limitations, it significantly REDUCES THE QUALITY of textures, models, and animations. The Last Barbarian – is a third-person game. And for the best gaming experience, please, play FULL SCREEN MODE authorize ability to LOCK THE MOUSE CURSOR inside the game screen. And of course, you can always download a FULL HIGH RESOLUTION public version on my Patreon Page!www.patreon.com/thelastbarbarian WASD - controls LMB - attack SPACE - evade SHIFT - run E - interact ESC - Mouse Lock/Main Menu Views: 3374
How to play: 1. Remove unwanted vegetation to get grass, that's how you milk the cow and get milk. 2. Get wheat seeds, That's how you get beer and let the cow drink it and, It makes her mood better, Producing more milk. change log: Fixed text font. Fixed overall layout. Easier to play. Added mating scene. Views: 7696
‘Sex Bet Episode 1 - Raiser's Club’ is a point-and-click adventure game with mouse-only mechanics. The game follows Seth, a successful man in his late twenties. Together with his friend and business partner, Harry, he forms a plan to break out of a boring and repetitive streak in his life by making an unusual bet. New in Sex Bet v 2.0: - New girl Tina & side mission:) - Five sex scenes with Tina - Better hint system - New quick intro with Seth - Optional dancing in club & quit-dancing-button - New dialog icons ● Sex Bet Episode 1 - Raiser's Club Trailer:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tVJ2eXx9K_c ● Itch Iohttps://sexraft.itch.io ● Game Jolthttps://gamejolt.com/@SexRaft If you like the game & what we do please consider becoming our valued patron. Your support will be greatly appreciated! ● SRF Studio [aka Sex Raft] Patreon page:https://www.patreon.com/srfstudio What's on SRF Patreon page: ● Patron-only version of the game with lots of exclusive content! ● Desktop & Android versions of the game & derived mini-games! ● Cheats, artwork, music, videos, polls, beta & wip game content! What's on SRF Patreon page for non-patrons: ● Desktop & Android mini games [Public version] ● Cheats, artwork & videos! Cheers:) Views: 2732
What's your preference? Slime girls? Manly minotaurs?...Tentacles? All can be found in Monster Ambassador, as you traverse the region making friends with monster species of all kinds. Press 'Z' to skip through text quickly! We're always working on the next segment of Monster Ambassador to include new monsters & features! We want to know what you like, so leave a comment of what you want to see next! Future development plans: • Magic abilities learned from befriending monsters • Quests for befriending monsters • More story • TONS of new monsters & scenes If you like this game and want to throw Kiwi or Melon a few bucks, or see development updates, or see BONUS CONTENT:https://www.patreon.com/kiwimelon Views: 3059
New version here: https://www.newgrounds.com/portal/view/722388 If you have issues with this version, try the standalone public build: https://www.patreon.com/posts/public-build-23054562 Price for Freedom: Avarice is a top down RPG, heavily inspired by old games such as Baldurs Gate. So expect decent amount of text, and people to talk to. It is based on the webcomic series (http://priceforfreedom.net ), in the same setting and region. The game will tell the story of another cast of characters, in another town, and another time. The format will allow our team to drastically expand on world lore, side stories, and overall depth. Just as the original webcomic the game includes adult material, integrated naturally with the story and game flow. Adult material will be dedicated CG animated scenes with supportive narration. Combat will not include adult material, so no "lose to get smut reward" scenario. The game is still in early development. Views: 7274
Bend or Break is a Legend of Korra Hentai Parody based on her being kidnapped by Tarrlok in season one by SunsetRiders7. If you like this game, or our other ongoing projects, please help us make more content by supporting us on patreon.https://www.patreon.com/gunsmokegames Use the icon in the corner to fullscreen. Space or click to advance and Shift + Space to skip rapidly. Enjoy! Views: 7239
Hey everyone. This mini game is just a part of a game. It shows the base concept of what we want to develope. It's far from beeing finished. Some sprites have low resolution too improve the loading time. - The 4 sliders control the movement of the scene. play with them to see what happens. - the characters have different movement preferences. At some points the preferences of the woman will change. - the heart on the top left shows the joy of the woman, big and red is really good, small and blue is bad. - the bar on the left shows the actual satisfaction level of the woman. - the bar below shows the endurance of the penis. the darker it is, the faster it gets filled. Hope you like it! Views: 7078
Young college student Shinn Akatsuki comes back to his high school as a advisor for the under performing mathematics student, at the apparent request of their main. Although an impeccable and courteous man on the outside, Shinn hides a very dark side to him: as part of the unending perversion, he likes observing femmes that he considers"out of everyone's league" succumb to him. Never pleased before, nevertheless, he discarded his past victims. But now, Shinn decides to create his"ultimate hump harem", and with all these dark thoughts in mind, and selects the candidates he considers"ideal" as he becomes acquainted with the college: the star of the track and field team, the guiltless and tomboyish Makoto Shinjugai, the wealthy and disoriented tennis player Ritsuko Yasuhiro, the graceful, severe and traditional Satuski Katsuragi, the swimming team's promising, dutiful and charming Aina Aozaki, and the basketball star, Touko Takatsukasa. Since he starts his"hunt", Shinn also adds gymnastics instructor Rina Akiyama to his passion after she makes an impression him with her luscious bod and maturity. And consequently, under the pretense of a"responsible adviser" and the assistance of his one remaining past hump lover, professor Reika Tohno, the protagonist's wicked quest to create his ideal hump harem starts... Warning: Chrome seems to not be able to play this game. Firefox is always a finer choice for playing html5 games. Views: 11271
(WARNING: Using the latest versions of Chrome or Firefox is highly recommended! Game may crash at start otherwise. If you still have problems with the game, you can download the windows desktop version here:https://drive.google.com/open?id=17Qvt5pAoYXjNUsz0Vwmr-6fy__9-wYdk Don't worry if your antivirus pops up, it's 100% safe!) And here we go with the chapter 4 of Into the Forest! Finally, you will be able to uncover some of the mansion's secrets... Or maybe not? Give it a go and tell me what you think! If you liked this game, consider supporting me at:https://www.patreon.com/babusgames My patrons can download the beautiful HD, full-screen version of this game, and also access an exclusive scene! Views: 7989
UPDATE 6/1/19: This project has been (regrettably) dead for the last several months. I apologize to those looking forward to seeing it completed. Given the support I've gotten, I may see about finishing it to some degree (at least to the point of it having legitimate H scenes). I have shut down my Patreon, since I don't want to immediately start shilling it before I have any significant amount of work done. Once I have a few projects 100% finished, I'll reopen it. If you've got any criticism, they're welcome and if you just like the game that's cool, too! All art and music is free to use. I would like to thank the following people for the art assets:https://studiomugenjohncel.wordpress.com/tag/background/http://ayaemo.skr.jp/ And these people for the music: Radiata Alice DJ Rolfsky Scott Holmes Aniquatia Night Club Topher Mohr and Alex Elena Views: 3222
Heiya guys, I'm back and better than ever! This is update ver 1.4.1 (Act 4) and here are the patch notes: (PS: this patch is mostly to foraward the story and to improve the gameplay by adding certain fucntions I'm sure you would enjoy) 1. Crafting table is ADDED! Now you can make use of many of your previously useless monster parts and items to craft weapons/armor. (Will update recipe books in future updates.) You have to use the Blacksmith's Hammer to open the crafting menu. You should get one either by: a) talking to Blake the Wandering Blacksmith in Act 1, b) getting one automatically is 'Chapter Select' was chosen. c) Finding one on the desk just in front of Blake in Hailstar City's Weapon shop. 2. Mercenary system up and running! You can hire mercenaries into your team (4 max) and get them to help you out of a pinch. 3. Party system added. You can now swap team members in the middle of a fight or outside of it. Max 4 active party members. 4. A new trial of the goddess is now available (Hooray!) 5. This update focuses on gamplay so theres not many new H-CGs added. Sorry. Next: Some info you might find useful. Mercenary camp is located on the first stretch of the Kingsroad. Getting there is indicated by a yellow shine among the trees. How to hire Mercs: Simply buy a contract and use it in the menu to verify. Afterwards, they will remain on your team until you dismiss them using the Tags they give you. (Individual mercs has their own tags with theirn names so you won't dismiss the wrong person by mistake) For people using previous load files, I've added another Blacksmith Hammer at the Hailstar Weapon store, since you're supposed to receive it early in chapter 1 but since that route is not possible for you, Ive duplicated the Hammer for you. (Use it to open the crafting Menu.) AS ever, LAG issues might exist for some users. There is no fix for this. I've discovered the lag is caused by two reasons: 1. Internet speed. Since all the script files are online and progress as you go, your internet is regularly loading each area and enemy and event in REAL TIME. To get rid rid of this problem, DOWNLOAD the game and play the.exe version. 2. Your drive has not been updated. Other than that, it should be fine. Majority of players who made their complaint about the online version later called me up to say the DOWNLOADED version was much smoother so give it a go. The file isn't that big; only 165 MB. Here's the link for the downloadable ver: https://mega.nz/#!dtg1FaDY!Phr44H1VbReYMjyHjpGw_NLFfNFGUc1ikPPuHvh9Pn8 If you'd like to support me, You can find me on Patreon~! https://www.patreon.com/Saizokun See you next update! Views: 570
In this interesting game you are given a chance to lure some magical creatures to deal with rough hump with them. So look at the game screen. Then customize your character. Choose skin color, your breast size and name. After that, the game embarks. So you are in the pub. You see a few men and women. Start a conversation. Your duty is to like a playmate and after that you are able to go to a private area. By way of example, you see a dude from the far west. He has a fat boner and he wants hump. Talk to him a little and go to the room. Then you will see a game animated hump scene in which the dude will fuck you in the donk. After this, come back to the pub. Tvia mission is to have hump with all visitors to the pub. Do it at this time. Views: 5876
Gay erotic Visual Novel TITLE: STRANDED Michael Bester is the last survivor on a planet many light-years from Earth. His monotonous existence is shaken when a mysterious second survivor appears in the facility. Please rate and review the game if you enjoyed it! Download the game: Windows https://mega.nz/#!8mh3EKgD!c0fA1HP-uM907IQCUaufQIpPI6tFq9H0TSIP9vYl9-M Mac https://mega.nz/#!F2wUBADb!8L90TlWnknB9cuz6XDV9i7ssTfA3RzPZLI44FoIiUdw Download CG gallery(standlalone CG viewer + Bonus CGs)https://www.patreon.com/posts/stand-alone-cg-14431498 Check my Patreon(It's free, though any support is much appreciated) for updates on Part 2. https://www.patreon.com/user?u=927168 Follow my tumblr:http://jyagger.tumblr.com/ Views: 4580
#### Introduction ################################################################# Fox Fire is a spin off to our TsukiWare's Tower of Five Hearts yuri(lesbian) visul novel game. http://www.newgrounds.com/portal/view/690692 ### Description ################################################################## Fox Fire is a stripping bullet hell shooter. ** NOTE: This is the Second public Alpha release of a game we will continue to update as a free game and creative criticism and suggestions would be appreciated to help improve the game! ### Support Us! ################################################################## Running a Patreon campaign to support it and other titles we produce!https://www.patreon.com/TsukiWare ### Updates & Progress info on trello - June 20th, 2017 by: mintymiyazaki ####################https://trello.com/b/CecfLdBo - Boss Level - Momo added with nudity and animations - Full Controller Support, I still need to add the (press start to proceed to next level) - I fixed some issues where the images were being downscaled and looking like trash. - Fixed the issues where UI elements looked like trash as the sprite quality Known Issues: - I had to scale down web version of the boss and game due to too many projectiles. I possibly may need to intervene with the garbage collection and activation (not instantiation) of objects due to PC/Linux version having over 4k projectiles on screen at once which causes performance losses. If you would like the true fidelity of the bullet hell, please consider downloading the Linux or PC versions. (Mobile Version Pending). - The score doesn't mean anything at the moment, just have fun as it increases since there doesn't seem like there's a point to it and finishing the objective seems more important. Future Implementations (Posting some here so I won't get hate messages for people that won't look at the trello link) - Boss Phases - Funnier Transitions - Level Loading Screens (This is rather easy... I just wanted to design something enjoyable to look at). - Galleries - More updates on Trello Love, mintymiyazakihttp://mintymiyazaki.newgrounds.com/ ### End of change Log: ### Downloadable build available here(Higher res/better performance)https://www.patreon.com/posts/11811678 Views: 4501
!!![NOTE]!!! There are many broken things in this build: user interface, sounds, language and others. This build of the game was made for UNITY WEBGL TESTING PURPOSES ONLY AND IS NOT REPRESENTATIVE OF THE PROPER FULL VERSION OF THE GAME. By playing you acknowledge that this is a buggy test build only. That said, this web demo version is still playable from start to finish. If you prefer to play the proper demo version or the full game, please visit the links bellow for more information. [ABOUT] Pixie Panic Garden is a fun and challenging 2D action/puzzle game in the style of classic bomberman games. It also contains a variety of erotic 2D sprite animations and CG. [STORY] You play as Pixie and you must help her defend her garden from a monster invasion and discover who is behind it. But be careful, if she is defeated the enemies might want to do lewd things to her! [CONTROLS] Z - Bomb/Confirm X - Use Skill/Cancel A - Zoom In/Out S - Show/Hide Status P - Pause Menu Arrow Keys - Movement [LINKS AND MORE INFORMATION]https://mega-blue-ball.itch.io/pixie-panic-gardenhttps://megablueball.blogspot.com/ Views: 4683
QUICK ERROR FIX: If you go to school with exactly 2,00$ you will be stuck at the lunch for ever. So reload your game and before going to school buy a Ramen, that will put your money at 0,00$ and will allow you to progress at school. Meet Chloe, After having her dream destroy she decide to change her live around, you have full control f how she does that... 13 full scenes most have more than one animation on it and several smaller scenes Game is fully playable, Achievements are working Game is still on development, but it’s already bigger and with more contented then a lot of finished games out there. For offline version (windows) go here: https://goo.gl/DGwn1V For next update date and what is coming next: https://goo.gl/RkYHyG Views: 7264
"Tia the Techy Witch stands amongst the headstones of those long since passed. The silent cemetery provides a perfect place for her next spell. The truth is... she's got a different type of magic planned for tonight..." Since the Alpha Phase, there have been many changes. I hope you enjoy all the new stuff that's been added. No, seriously, that's quite a bit of new content listed below. There's always more stuff around the corner, so keep an eye out. I give Special Thanks to those who I've mentioned in the "About" menu. Let's go over what's new in the Beta; The witch's name is "Tia". New Logo. (I tried a slightly more "Heraldric" approach, while keeping the cartoony look.) More cyborg stuff. (Gotta love a girl in armor...) 2 New animations for the "Dirty DEED". Changed the color for the UI, although the selection menu seems to need some more work. A new song has been added. Changed around the credits menu, but these were only minor changes. New magic effects and what-not. BUTTONS! Now you can change the speed, tunes, POV and more! The CLIMAX/CUM button doesn't send you directly to the credits menu anymore. Nova's gotta wait. Is that the Sergeant from the RAVER universe, calling from beyond the grave? Show meh sum tiddies! (
Views: 899
|
Dealer Network
To find a dealer in your area or for new dealer inquiries, please call us at 800-518-1230.
About Us
Parking BOXX accommodates the needs of small lots as well as large, complex parking systems. Parking BOXX has over 75 years of parking industry experience, dealers throughout North America, and parking sites in operation from Los Angeles to the Caribbean to Newfoundland. Parking BOXX systems reliably run sites with thousands of daily vehicles and millions in annual parking revenue.
|
UPDATE quest_template_addon SET RequiredSkillID = 2557, RequiredSkillPoints = 50 WHERE (ID = 52223);
UPDATE quest_template_addon SET RequiredSkillID = 2557, RequiredSkillPoints = 50 WHERE (ID = 52225);
UPDATE quest_template_addon SET RequiredSkillID = 2557, RequiredSkillPoints = 100 WHERE (ID = 52227);
UPDATE quest_template_addon SET RequiredSkillID = 2557, RequiredSkillPoints = 150 WHERE (ID = 52226);
UPDATE quest_template_addon SET RequiredSkillID = 2557, RequiredSkillPoints = 150 WHERE (ID = 52228);
UPDATE quest_template_addon SET RequiredSkillID = 2565, RequiredSkillPoints = 50 WHERE (ID = 48752);
UPDATE quest_template_addon SET RequiredSkillID = 2565, RequiredSkillPoints = 50 WHERE (ID = 48764);
UPDATE quest_template_addon SET RequiredSkillID = 2565, RequiredSkillPoints = 150 WHERE (ID = 48767);
UPDATE quest_template_addon SET RequiredSkillID = 2565, RequiredSkillPoints = 150 WHERE (ID = 48770);
UPDATE quest_template_addon SET RequiredSkillID = 2565, RequiredSkillPoints = 50 WHERE (ID = 48752);
UPDATE quest_template_addon SET RequiredSkillID = 2565, RequiredSkillPoints = 150 WHERE (ID = 48761);
UPDATE quest_template_addon SET RequiredSkillID = 2565, RequiredSkillPoints = 50 WHERE (ID = 51568);
UPDATE quest_template_addon SET RequiredSkillID = 2565, RequiredSkillPoints = 150 WHERE (ID = 48768);
UPDATE quest_template_addon SET RequiredSkillID = 2565, RequiredSkillPoints = 150 WHERE (ID = 52044);
UPDATE quest_template_addon SET RequiredSkillID = 2565, RequiredSkillPoints = 150 WHERE (ID = 52049);
UPDATE quest_template_addon SET RequiredSkillID = 2565, RequiredSkillPoints = 150 WHERE (ID = 52050);
UPDATE quest_template_addon SET RequiredSkillID = 2565, RequiredSkillPoints = 150 WHERE (ID = 51380);
UPDATE quest_template_addon SET RequiredSkillID = 2549, RequiredSkillPoints = 50 WHERE (ID = 52050);
UPDATE quest_template_addon SET RequiredSkillID = 2549, RequiredSkillPoints = 150 WHERE (ID = 48754);
UPDATE quest_template_addon SET RequiredSkillID = 2549, RequiredSkillPoints = 150 WHERE (ID = 48755);
UPDATE quest_template_addon SET RequiredSkillID = 2549, RequiredSkillPoints = 50 WHERE (ID = 48756);
UPDATE quest_template_addon SET RequiredSkillID = 2549, RequiredSkillPoints = 150 WHERE (ID = 48757);
UPDATE quest_template_addon SET RequiredSkillID = 2549, RequiredSkillPoints = 150 WHERE (ID = 48769);
UPDATE quest_template_addon SET RequiredSkillID = 2549, RequiredSkillPoints = 50 WHERE (ID = 51016);
UPDATE quest_template_addon SET RequiredSkillID = 2549, RequiredSkillPoints = 50 WHERE (ID = 51313);
UPDATE quest_template_addon SET RequiredSkillID = 2549, RequiredSkillPoints = 150 WHERE (ID = 51361);
UPDATE quest_template_addon SET RequiredSkillID = 2549, RequiredSkillPoints = 50 WHERE (ID = 51365);
UPDATE quest_template_addon SET RequiredSkillID = 2565, RequiredSkillPoints = 50 WHERE (ID = 51962);
UPDATE quest_template_addon SET RequiredSkillID = 2565, RequiredSkillPoints = 130 WHERE (ID = 51964);
UPDATE quest_template_addon SET RequiredSkillID = 2565, RequiredSkillPoints = 50 WHERE (ID = 51965);
UPDATE quest_template_addon SET RequiredSkillID = 2565, RequiredSkillPoints = 50 WHERE (ID = 52014);
UPDATE quest_template_addon SET RequiredSkillID = 2565, RequiredSkillPoints = 135 WHERE (ID = 52015);
UPDATE quest_template_addon SET RequiredSkillID = 2565, RequiredSkillPoints = 130 WHERE (ID = 52016);
UPDATE quest_template_addon SET RequiredSkillID = 2565, RequiredSkillPoints = 150 WHERE (ID = 52017);
UPDATE quest_template_addon SET RequiredSkillID = 2565, RequiredSkillPoints = 150 WHERE (ID = 52055);
UPDATE quest_template_addon SET RequiredSkillID = 2565, RequiredSkillPoints = 130 WHERE (ID = 51971);
UPDATE quest_template_addon SET RequiredSkillID = 2565, RequiredSkillPoints = 130 WHERE (ID = 52046);
UPDATE quest_template_addon SET RequiredSkillID = 2565, RequiredSkillPoints = 150 WHERE (ID = 52053);
UPDATE quest_template_addon SET RequiredSkillID = 2557, RequiredSkillPoints = 60 WHERE (ID = 51575);
UPDATE quest_template_addon SET RequiredSkillID = 2557, RequiredSkillPoints = 100 WHERE (ID = 52213);
UPDATE quest_template_addon SET RequiredSkillID = 2557, RequiredSkillPoints = 100 WHERE (ID = 52216);
UPDATE quest_template_addon SET RequiredSkillID = 2557, RequiredSkillPoints = 150 WHERE (ID = 52217);
UPDATE quest_template_addon SET RequiredSkillID = 2557, RequiredSkillPoints = 60 WHERE (ID = 52214);
UPDATE quest_template_addon SET RequiredSkillID = 2557, RequiredSkillPoints = 150 WHERE (ID = 52215);
UPDATE quest_template_addon SET RequiredSkillID = 2549, RequiredSkillPoints = 50 WHERE (ID = 51230);
UPDATE quest_template_addon SET RequiredSkillID = 2549, RequiredSkillPoints = 150 WHERE (ID = 51243);
UPDATE quest_template_addon SET RequiredSkillID = 2549, RequiredSkillPoints = 50 WHERE (ID = 51448);
UPDATE quest_template_addon SET RequiredSkillID = 2549, RequiredSkillPoints = 150 WHERE (ID = 51452);
UPDATE quest_template_addon SET RequiredSkillID = 2549, RequiredSkillPoints = 50 WHERE (ID = 51464);
UPDATE quest_template_addon SET RequiredSkillID = 2549, RequiredSkillPoints = 150 WHERE (ID = 51478);
UPDATE quest_template_addon SET RequiredSkillID = 2549, RequiredSkillPoints = 150 WHERE (ID = 51481);
UPDATE quest_template_addon SET RequiredSkillID = 2549, RequiredSkillPoints = 50 WHERE (ID = 51482);
UPDATE quest_template_addon SET RequiredSkillID = 2549, RequiredSkillPoints = 50 WHERE (ID = 51498);
UPDATE quest_template_addon SET RequiredSkillID = 2549, RequiredSkillPoints = 150 WHERE (ID = 51503);
|
10/11/2018
A truck bearing pro-Trump stickers was torched after the owner left the vehicle at a bar parking lot in Vancouver, Wash., overnight.
Johnny MacKay told KOIN News the incident occurred late Monday night, after he opted to take an Uber home after having a few drinks, leaving his Nissan Titan pickup in the Garage Bar and Grille’s parking lot.
During the night, Randy Sanchagrin, who lives near the bar, told the local station he heard an explosion. He then exited the house and began filming what turned out to be MacKay’s truck being engulfed by flames.
“By the time I ran back to the street it was so bad there was no getting close to it,” Sanchagrin told the local outlet.
SEARCH AMAZON USING THIS SEARCH BOX:
We are a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for us to earn fees by linking to Amazon.com and affiliated sites.
About Patterico
Pronounced "Patter-EE-koh"
E-mail: Just use my moniker Patterico, followed by the @ symbol, followed by gmail.com
|
Ready your teams for battle! We're just a few days away from the full launch of Echo Combat, the latest expansion in Ready At Dawn’s critically-acclaimed Echo universe. A new team-based shooter set in a zero-gravity environment, Echo Combat takes the award-winning mechanics from Lone Echo and Echo Arena and mashes it up with a fresh take on competitive gameplay. Echo Combat launches on November 15, but we’ve got plenty of new content to talk about today.
At Oculus Connect 5 in September, Ready At Dawn revealed additional details about Echo Combat, including another map, Combustion, as well as an additional game mode, called Capture Point. It also announced private matches and trophy-like achievements for Oculus Home, making your accomplishments that much sweeter. September also marked the end of numerous frag-filled public betas, which saw the Echo VR community battle for robotic supremacy.
As for the new content, there's plenty in store for long-time Echo fans and newcomers alike. First up, there’s a whole new map available at launch: Dyson. A massive open-space destination for Control Point mode, Dyson will treat players to new strategic opportunities including a variety of entry points to the map to help teams divide and conquer. There’s also an explosive addition to the Echo Combat arsenal called the Meteor, which acts like a classic rocket launcher; the perfect tool when you’re staring down enemies and you’re running out of options.
Just as handy, and far less messy, is a grenade-like device called Instant Repair that heals targets on impact, including yourself. If you’re the kind of player that loves a good exit strategy, then the new Phase Shift ability is for you. Letting players phase out of reality for short periods, Phase Shift is a particularly useful TAC-MOD that’ll help you sneak behind enemy lines or make a hasty retreat.
There’s also a new progression system in Echo Combat to help you keep track of your heroic exploits. You’ll gain experience by competing in public matches, gaining character levels, bragging rights, and access to a suite of new customization options, like decals, emotes, and patterns. Plus, once you’ve unlocked something in Echo Combat, it’s also available in Echo Arena; you can even review combat stats for both games at once, using your arm computer. Lastly, after months of serious play-testing, the default game size has been bumped up from 3v3 to 4v4—the more the merrier.
Echo Combat will be available on November 15 as an in-app purchase through Echo VR for $9.99 USD (€7.99, GBP 9.99). If you already own Echo VR, you can purchase the Echo Combat DLC on the Echo VR Oculus Store page. Echo VR players can also log in to Echo VR and purchase Echo Combat from the Main Menu or in the Echo VR lobby at any of the Matchmaking Terminals or Customization Terminals, confirm your purchase in headset, and you’re ready to take off into zero-g glory. Echo Arena will remain free-to-play and players can except Echo VR support from Ready At Dawn through 2019.
|
Morgan, a Yorkshire terrier, jumped at owner Pamela Plante’s leg so incessantly that she that she finally inspected it in the mirror, and realized it was red up to her knee. She was diagnosed with an infection that had spread throughout her body and she spent a week in the hospital.“After she jumped on my leg, she would sit and look at me and shake or shiver,” says the Smithfield, R.I., woman. (Photo by Pamela Plante)
“From past experience, I knew she would shake like that when she was in pain, so I picked her up and checked her all over trying to find out what was wrong and couldn’t find anything. When I put her down she would jump on my leg again.”
Finally, Plante inspected her leg in a mirror and discovered it was red up to the knee.
Plante called her doctor who told her to get checked immediately. She was diagnosed with sepsis and spent a week in the hospital recovering from the infection that started in her leg and spread through her body.
Sensitive dogs, such as Morgan, are proving that besides being man’s best friend, some canines also have a lifesaving sixth sense. Dogs’ keen ability to differentiate smells enables some of them to know we’re sick long before we might ourselves. Combine that with their 24/7 observation of us and some pets have proven to be skilled diagnosticians, even if we’re not always sure what they’re trying to tell us.
In the past few years, studies have shown that dogs can sniff out both early and late stage lung and breast cancers. The Pine Street Foundation, a non-profit cancer education and research organization, in San Anselmo, Calif., is even training dogs to recognize ovarian cancer.
Some dogs have also been shown capable of detecting skin cancer.
Riker, a 9-year-old Australian Shepherd who lives with Liz and Paul Palika in Oceanside, Calif., poked insistently at Liz’s father’s chest. “Dad, did you leave some of your dinner on your shirt?” Liz teased him. But Riker wouldn’t stop. To satisfy him, Liz and her mother took a closer look. There was a lump on her father’s chest. A trip to the doctor revealed a melanoma that had spread beneath the skin.
Other dogs have been taught to catch when diabetics’ blood sugar levels drop. And for about the past 20 years, “seizure dogs” have been used to alert their owners to a pending seizure and assist them to a safe place until it’s over.
Lifesaving cat
It’s not just dogs who have proven to have life-saving noses. Ardis Matson of Brookings, S.D., credits a gray tomcat named Tuffy with keeping her mother alive and able to live on her own for several years. “My mother was elderly and had insulin-dependent diabetes,” Matson says. “Often, her blood sugar would go dangerously low during the night and if left unchecked it could have caused her to go into a coma and die. Tuffy always slept with her, and when her blood sugar started slipping really low during the night, he would nudge her and walk across her body and keep aggravating her until she would get up and take glucose to make her blood sugar levels rise. When she was in control again, Tuffy would go back to sleep.”
And then there’s Oscar, a cat who lives at Steere House Nursing and Rehabilitation Center in Providence, R.I. He alerts staff to the impending death of patients, a gift that allows families to be notified in time to say their good-byes.
The answer to how animals know something is wrong may be up in the air — literally. Dogs and cats have a keener sense of smell than humans, and that may enable them to detect subtle changes in body odor caused by such things as cancer cells or lowered blood sugar.
In the case of Oscar, for instance, veterinarian Margie Scherk, president of the American Association of Feline Practitioners, notes that he may be picking up a variety of clues that people are too busy to notice or don’t have the sensory capacity to detect.
“Cats live in a world of smells; their olfactory sense is a lot more acute than that of a human,” Scherk says. “People who are dying, as well as those who aren’t eating, emit ketotic odors, which might be one cue that cats like Oscar detect. There could easily be other odors that a dying individual produces that our noses are unable to note.”
In addition to being able to pick up certain odors, dogs and cats also seem to be able to recognize that it means there’s a problem their owners need to know about.
“There is reason to believe that some odors do have an ‘intrinsic’ value to the animal, that evolution has led to the development of neural pathways that specialize in detecting and processing relevant categories of smell,” says Timothy E. Holy, assistant professor of anatomy and neurobiology at Washington University in St. Louis. “Experience, too, plays a big role. You can train a dog to react in particular ways to relatively arbitrary smells.”
Those smells might include the breath of a person with lung cancer or the urine of a person with bladder cancer.
So the next time your dog or cat is nagging you, don’t ignore him. He might have something important to say. Just ask Joan Beck of Cottage Grove, Minn.
“One morning I woke up in the throes of a severe asthma attack. My husband was already awake and taking a shower. I was having so much trouble breathing that I couldn’t call for help. Our English springer spaniel, Sam, suddenly appeared, nosed me for a moment, then turned around and left the room. My husband said later that Sam pushed the bathroom door open and insisted that he follow Sam back to our bedroom. ‘Who needs Lassie when we have Sam?’ my husband says.”
By: Kim Campbell Thornton is an award-winning author who has written many articles and more than a dozen books about dogs and cats. She belongs to the Dog Writers Association of America and is past president of the Cat Writers Association. She shares her home in California with three Cavalier King Charles spaniels and one African ringneck parakeet.
Save a Life…Adopt Just One More…Pet!
Everyday we read or hear another story about pets and other animals being abandoned in record numbers while at the same time we regularly hear about crazy new rules and laws being passed limiting the amount of pets that people may have, even down to one or two… or worse yet, none.
Nobody is promoting hoarding pets or animals, but at a time when there are more pets and animals of all types being abandoned or being taken to shelters already bursting at the seams, there is nothing crazier than legislating away the ability of willing adoptive families to take in just one more pet!!
Our goal is to raise awareness and help find homes for all pets and animals that need one by helping to match them with loving families and positive situations. Our goal is also to help fight the trend of unfavorable legislation and rules in an attempt to stop unnecessary Euthenization!!
“All over the world, major universities are researching the therapeutic value of pets in our society and the number of hospitals, nursing homes, prisons and mental institutions which are employing full-time pet therapists and animals is increasing daily.” ~ Betty White, American Actress, Animal Activist, and Author of Pet Love
There is always room for Just One More Pet. So if you have room in your home and room in your heart… Adopt Just One More! If you live in an area that promotes unreasonable limitations on pets… fight the good fight and help change the rules and legislation…
Save the Life of Just One More…Animal!
Recent and Seasonal Shots
As I have been fighting Cancer… A battle I am gratefully winning, my furkids have not left my side. They have been a large part of my recovery!! Ask Marion
Photos by the UCLA Shutterbug are protected by copyright, Please email at JustOneMorePet@gmail.com or find us on twitter @JustOneMorePet for permission to duplicate for commerical purposes or to purchase photos.
By JoAnn, Marion, and Tim Algier This past week, we lost our dear family member Rocky who had just outlived his “huep – na-napbdad”, Tom, by just a few months. His perspective would have been interesting!! Just this side of heaven is a place called Rainbow Bridge. When an animal dies that has been […]
By JoAnn, Marion, and Tim Algier This past week, we lost a dear family member, Rocky, who had just outlived his “human pet-dad”, Tom, by just a few months. It certainly would have been interesting to know what they thought and what experiences they had had in common!! Just this side of heaven is a […]
Bristol Palin: Fellow SixSeeds blogger Zeke Pipher has a great question: If they were dead puppy parts, or parts from homosexual babies, or babies that self-identified as adults, it’d be a different story. Meaning, it would be a story. But as it is, the fact that these fetuses don’t look like puppies, and their sexual […]
Family and friends of G.R. Gordon-Ross watch his private fireworks show at the Youth Sports Complex in Lawrence, Kan., Friday, June 28, 2013. (AP Photo/Orlin Wagner) Mercury News – Originally posted on July 02, 2013: The Fourth of July is one of my favorite holidays. Hot dogs, potato salad and, of course, fireworks. But Independence […]
Very few dogs have the experience of being parents these days and especially seeing their litters through the process of weaning and then actually being able to remain part of a pack with at least part of their family. Apachi is our Doggie Dad. He is a Chiweenie and here he is is watching his […]
By Marion Algier – Just One More Pet (JOMP) – Cross-Posted at AskMarion Anderson Cooper met Chaser, a dog who can identify over a thousand toys, and because of whom, scientists are now studying the brain of man’s best friend. Chaser is also the subject of a book: Chaser: Unlocking the Genius of the Dog […]
By Tamara – Dog Heirs – Cross-Posted at JOMP Quebec, Canada – Animals will be considered “sentient beings” instead of property in a bill tabled in the Canadian province of Quebec. The legislation states that "animals are not things. They are sentient beings and have biological needs." Agriculture Minister Pierre Paradis proposed the bill and […] […]
Flickr Photos
Meta
Great Book for Children and Pet Lovers… And a Perfect Holiday Gift
One More Pet
Emily loves animals so much that she can’t resist bringing them home. When a local farmer feels under the weather, she is only too eager to “feed the lambs, milk the cows and brush the rams.” The farmer is so grateful for Emily’s help that he gives her a giant egg... Can you guess what happens after that? The rhythmic verse begs to be read aloud, and the lively pictures will delight children as they watch Emily’s collection of pets get bigger and bigger.
If You Were Stranded On An Island…
A recent national survey revealed just how much Americans love their companion animals. When respondents were asked whether they’d like to spend life stranded on a deserted island with either their spouse or their pet, over 60% said they would prefer their dog or cat for companionship!
|
Russell M. Church
Professor
Russell_Church@brown.edu
(401) 863-2328
Office Location:
Metcalf 245
Office Hours:
Wednesdays 3-3:50pm or by appointment
Research Focus:
Computational, cognitive, and neural basis of interval timing
Russell Church is an experimental psychologist who studies learning, memory, and decision processes of animals. He has been a member of the Brown faculty since 1955 where his early research concerned studies of social learning and punishment. During the last 25 years he has concentrated on the ability of animals (rats and humans) to discriminate time intervals, and adjust their behavior to the temporal constraints of tasks. His research, which involves behavioral, neuroscience, and mathematical approaches, has been published primarily in scientific journals. Since 1957 his research has been supported continuously by grants from the National Institute of Mental Health and the National Science Foundation. He has served as President of the Eastern Psychological Association, the Society for Computers in Psychology, and two Divisions of the American Psychological Association. He is currently teaching courses to graduate and undergraduate students in experimental analysis of behavior and mathematical models of psychological processes.
Research Interests:
The ability to estimate durations of time is an essential characteristic of animals and people that is required for rational decisions, accurate memory, association of events, and coordination of various components of behavior with each other and with environmental events.
Research in my laboratory is being conducted with rats and human subjects. Four approaches to the study of duration discrimination have been employed: behavioral, mathematical, cognitive, and biological. Understanding duration discrimination requires a knowledge of the relationship between stimulus conditions and temporal behavior, of mathematical models of timing and learning, of mental mechanisms (such as perception, memory, attention, decision), and of biological mechanisms (anatomy, pharmacology, and electrophysiology).
A mathematical timing theory accounts for performance in many timing tasks. These include tasks involving temporal discrimination and temporal performance. The results of such experiment have led to the development of more general principles of scalar timing and mathematical process models of temporal perception, memory, and decision. The predictions of the theory can be directly compared to the behavior of the animal with a Turing test.
Various biological manipulations (drugs and brain lesions) appear to have a selective influence on one or more of the mental mechanisms, and there are neural correlates of timing behavior.
|
Photography Website Service liveBooks Acquired by WeddingWire
PetaPixel
Yesterday we shared some news coming out of photographer Vincent LaForet’s camp that the website service liveBooks — which is used by many photographers — was quite possibly on its way out. This after a month of silence and “knowledgeable sources” indicating that the US branch of the business was all but shut down.
A few hours after that news broke, however, we found out what was really happening: liveBooks has been acquired by the online event marketplace WeddingWire.
In addition to dropping several apologies to liveBooks customers for the past month’s “transition period,” CEO Andy Patrick wants to make this clear that this is a good thing.
“We are thrilled to announce that liveBooks has been acquired by WeddingWire,” says Patrick in the press release. “They are … passionate about being great stewards of the liveBooks brand, and focused on maintaining our leadership role in all aspects of the photography and creative professional industry.”
At this point, liveBooks customer service — which, according to LaForet, has been nearly impossible to get ahold of for the last 30 days — is back up and running, ready to answer any questions you might have regarding the brand and its services from this point forward.
As far as what this means for liveBooks customers, the change shouldn’t have much of an effect yet beyond another transition period (which the company is promising to make “as seamless as possible”). But once the integration is complete, clients can expect more in way of exciting innovations.
“We’re excited to partner with the WeddingWire team to continue to serve the liveBooks community,” says Patrick. “The acquisition means more resources will be available for product innovation and we will be sharing the details of these developments in the coming months.”
|
Podium Villa with Full Marina View
Property Description
LuxuryProperty.com is delighted to present this four-bedroom villa at Marina Gate.
This home is one of the beautiful duplex villas located along the podium level of the tower, looking directly onto the Marina waterfront. It features a warming neutral palette, complemented by stone flooring in the living areas, parquet flooring in the bedrooms, wood cabinetry and lovely marble countertops. The very spacious living room on the lower level of the villa connects with a partly open kitchen and dining room, leading into an en suite guest bedroom with a walk-in closet. Two outdoor terraces are also located on this level, one accessible from the living room and one from the dining and guest rooms. The upper level houses a family room and the remaining en suite bedrooms, including the master bedroom which has a very spacious walk-in closet space.
Marina Gate offers its residents every possible lifestyle convenience, including a temperature-controlled pool, dual-level gymnasium, squash courts, 24 hour concierge service and round-the-clock security. With a convenient location along the Marina boardwalk, residents also enjoy easy access to several premium retail and dining destinations.
For the most discerning buyer, this gorgeous waterfront villa represents an incredible principal residence or indeed a perfect second home in Dubai
At LuxuryProperty.com we offer a bespoke property finder service for all your real estate needs for villas at Marina Gate, Dubai Marina. We are not just property advisors we pride ourselves on our friendly and professional approach making your next property move an easy one.
Features & Amenities
Sauna
Lounge
Fine Dining
Polyclinic
Cycling Track
Infinity pool
Retail outlet
Fitness Center
Concierge service
Location Map
Dubai Marina
If you want to live by the waterfront with a view of the waterfront outside your window & the trendiest lifestyle destinations only a few steps from your home, Dubai Marina is where you want to be. Dubai's most popular residential neighbourhood with some of the city's finest waterfront properties.
|
Trouble logging in?If you can't remember your password or are having trouble logging in, you will have to reset your password. If you have trouble resetting your password (for example, if you lost access to the original email address), please do not start posting with a new account, as this is against the forum rules. If you create a temporary account, please contact us right away via Forum Support, and send us any information you can about your original account, such as the account name and any email address that may have been associated with it.
That aside, after I read the article, I think that ANN might have been talking about something else instead, and were completely misled. I don't think Enterbrain has anything to do with DAL. Unless Enterbrain was the error, but then who cares if they get it right anyway?
I was rather suspicious of such a big reveal being intentionally leaked so long before the game came out, so I did some check-up, and indeed Enterbrain has nothing to do with the DAL novels or even the game. Dragon Magazine/Fantasia is the company that runs the chapter in its magazine and publishes the novel volumes.
I don't know which part ANN got wrong, but now I'm definitely suspicious of this announcement.
Quote:
P.S. I got someone to help me pre-order the limited edition off Wondergoo. B2 tapestry, here I come!
So it could actually be good info, as Ebiten isn't saying they're the ones who are saying it. It's teaser info to promote the game, just like preview screenshots, trailers, and synopses. ANN just got it wrong that Enterbrain had anything to do with the DAL novels.
I was rather suspicious of such a big reveal being intentionally leaked so long before the game came out, so I did some check-up, and indeed Enterbrain has nothing to do with the DAL novels or even the game. Dragon Magazine/Fantasia is the company that runs the chapter in its magazine and publishes the novel volumes.
I don't know which part ANN got wrong, but now I'm definitely suspicious of this announcement.
So it could actually be good info, as Ebiten isn't saying they're the ones who are saying it. It's teaser info to promote the game, just like preview screenshots, trailers, and synopses. ANN just got it wrong that Enterbrain had anything to do with the DAL novels.
Lol, so I see. How did they get the info anyway?
As to the B2 tapestry thing, go to the bottom of this page. One of the stores was offering it as a store exclusive item. Goes by the name of WonderGOO. Or something along those lines.
Spoiler:
Looks like Origami really has a pregnancy ending! And according to the comments I found online, seems like she's not the only one too.
Say, is there any chance of a sequel of DAL:RU adding in the later Spirits as well? Yamai and Miku routes would be fun. 8D
I don't know where they got the info, but between that and the magazine scan of Origami (I'm honestly quite surprised they're going so far as to actually revealing end-game CGs before the game is even out), it's cleaer that it was accurate.
Quote:
As to the B2 tapestry thing, go to the bottom of this page. One of the stores was offering it as a store exclusive item. Goes by the name of WonderGOO. Or something along those lines.
Oh, I thought you were talking about some other game called "WonderGOO." I pre-ordered mine off of Ami Ami.
I don't know where they got the info, but between that and the magazine scan of Origami (I'm honestly quite surprised they're going so far as to actually revealing end-game CGs before the game is even out), it's cleaer that it was accurate.
Oh, I thought you were talking about some other game called "WonderGOO." I pre-ordered mine off of Ami Ami.
Well, it's to answer to the pregnancy rumours that would eventually arise because of what was stated on the preorder site. And even without said rumours, it would only be natural for someone like Origami to have a pregnancy ending. So they just decided to release one CG image of a pregnant Origami. Because more would be overkill.
Lol, I said off not of. I was advised to get the tapestry because it was worth the most out of all the store-exclusive preorder goodies. Shipping's going to hurt quite a bit though, B2 tapestry won't be light and small.
I doubt we'll see magazine spoilers for the other girls' routes, and frankly I prefer it that way. Too many spoilers. >.>
Agreed. Granted, for me, I'm not really interested in Origami, but rather I like the Spirits more than the other characters in the show. So the less spoilers for them..the better the game experience for me.
But that makes me wonder though, since I'm assuming this is a Magazine Scan and they showed Origami, did they show her "ending" I guess you can call it that due to her high/low popularity? Was there even a popularity poll to see which of the girls stand in popularity?
Say, is it just me or is Tohka's hair more purplish in this game than it is in the anime or light novel? Or maybe just the anime. Light novel Tohka's hair seems to fluctuate in between these two ranges.
EDIT:
Quote:
Originally Posted by Shinji103
Well there was a poll on the popularity of the novel characters a bit back in the novel thread.
Origami was actually rated #5, behind all the spirit characters who are in the game.
So if that is any kind of indication, they decided to spoil her ending since she's the least popular of the heroines in the game.
I just noticed just how unpopular Origami is compared to the top 4. Fourth place Yoshino got over 60% more votes than her lol. You might be on to something there.
And I continue to wonder why "Shiori" was one of those you could vote for. I'll never understand the hype over traps.
Can anyone confirm me how many character gets their after story with pregnant endings?
My bet would be all of them. Though I really doubt anybody will get any confirmation until the game comes out and we see the endings for ourselves. They probably just let Origami's ending out to show that the game does indeed have pregnancy endings. I know I was skeptical about that leak until I saw that magazine scan.
My bet would be all of them. Though I really doubt anybody will get any confirmation until the game comes out and we see the endings for ourselves. They probably just let Origami's ending out to show that the game does indeed have pregnancy endings. I know I was skeptical about that leak until I saw that magazine scan.
My bet would be all of them. Though I really doubt anybody will get any confirmation until the game comes out and we see the endings for ourselves. They probably just let Origami's ending out to show that the game does indeed have pregnancy endings. I know I was skeptical about that leak until I saw that magazine scan.
I didn't need the magazine scan, or even the leak, and I already knew that Origami would get a pregnancy ending. I mean, just look at her and how she behaves towards Shidou, and then try telling me that she won't get one.
Quote:
Originally Posted by holybell84
If all of them... Yoshino pregnant????
Yup. They'll probably give her a more grown-up look to go with it though, if it happens.
And Kotori. Reminds me of this line in the side story Kotori Birthday:
Spoiler:
If he was unable to control himself here, Shidou would have reached the point of no return. When his parents return from overseas work, he may possibly have to introduce a new family member to them.
I didn't need the magazine scan, or even the leak, and I already knew that Origami would get a pregnancy ending. I mean, just look at her and how she behaves towards Shidou, and then try telling me that she won't get one.
I meant they leaked the game CG of her ending to show that the info about the pregnancy endings was true.
|
Google automotive alliance targets Android-compatible cars in 2014
Google has formed a new industry alliance committed to bringing the tech giant’s Android operating platform to cars by the end of 2014.
Dubbed the Open Automotive Alliance (OAA) and comprising Audi, General Motors, Honda, Hyundai and US technology company Nvidia, the group says it is dedicated to driving innovation and vehicle safety via a more intuitive common platform.
Aimed at having an open development model intended to allow car makers to bring “cutting-edge technology” to vehicle owners faster and more easily, the OAA says it will also create new opportunities for developers to deliver safe and scalable systems to users.
Senior vice president of Android, Chrome and Apps at Google, Sundar Pichai, says the expansion of the Android platform into vehicles will not only allow alliance partners to more easily integrate mobile technology into their cars but also offer drivers “a familiar, seamless experience so they can focus on the road”.
The OAA says timing from each manufacturer will vary, “but you can expect to see the first cars with Android integration by the end of this year”.
The alliance is inviting other automotive technology companies to join its “endeavour”.
It’s not yet clear if the new alliance will impact on Honda, GM and Hyundai’s existing relationship with Google arch-rival Apple and its Siri Eyes Free program.
The formation of the alliance also goes to explaining Hyundai’s recent announcement that the all-new Genesis sedan – tipped to reach local shores in July – will debut a new, cloud-based technology platform called Blue Link Glassware, capable of linking to Google Glass.
Google is late to the in-car technology war, with Apple’s Siri and the Microsoft-designed Sync app already making their way into vehicles from the likes of Mercedes-Benz and Ford.
|
// 文件
// 有时候别人对你的好要记得
class IO{
}
|
African presidents urge Congo rebels to abandon war
People displaced by recent fighting in eastern Congo wait
to receive aid food in Mugunga IDP camp outside of Goma.
Photo by Reuters
African leaders have called on eastern rebels in
Democratic Republic of Congo to abandon their aim of toppling
the government and leave the city of Goma they captured this
week.
The appeal came from heads of state of the central African
Great Lakes region who fear that if left unchecked the
offensive by the M23 rebels could drag the volatile,
ethnically-diverse and mineral-rich region back into another
bloody conflict.
A statement signed by the regional leaders meeting in the
Ugandan capital Kampala urged the M23 to abandon its threat
to overthrow the elected government in Kinshasa and to "stop
all war activities and withdraw from Goma".
It proposed deploying a joint force at Goma airport
comprising of a company of neutral African troops, a company
of the Congolese army (FARDC) and a company of the M23.
The leaders told M23 "to withdraw from current positions to
not less than 20km from Goma town within two days", but did
not say what the consequences would be if the rebels did not
comply.
The rebel M23 movement, which has announced it intends to
"liberate" all of Congo and march on the capital Kinshasa
1000 miles to the west, said it was still waiting to hear
back from its political representative who was in Kampala.
But it expressed initial scepticism about a proposed joint
deployment in Goma that included government troops returning.
"Will the population accept that? I doubt it. The population
sees that M23 has changed things. With the (Congolese army)
it was just harassment," M23 military spokesman Vianney
Kazarama told Reuters.
Regional and international leaders are scrambling to halt the
fighting in eastern Congo, fuelled by a mix of local and
regional politics, ethnic rifts and competition for large
reserves of gold, tin and coltan. The region has suffered
multiple uprisings and invasions over the last 20 years.
The meeting in Kampala brought together Congo's President
Joseph Kabila and the heads of state of Uganda, Kenya and
Tanzania.
But Rwandan President Paul Kagame, who has vehemently denied
accusations by Congo and U.N. experts that his government is
supplying, supporting and directing the M23 rebellion, did
not attend the summit, although he sent his foreign minister.
As the regional leaders met in Uganda, the Congolese
government army reinforced its positions southwest of
rebel-held Goma, in what appeared to be a move to block any
further advance by the insurgents, who have routed Congolese
army forces backed by United Nations peacekeepers.
The Great Lakes heads of state also proposed that U.N.
peacekeepers present in and around Goma should provide
security in a neutral zone between Goma and the new areas
seized by M23.
They said police that were disarmed in Goma by the rebels
should also be re-armed so they can resume working.
GOMA SITUATION "A MESS"
In the Congolese capital Kinshasa, authorities banned
protests, citing the need to keep order in what national
police chief Charles Bisengimana called a "undeclared state
of war".
Goma was calm on Saturday, but UK-based international charity
Oxfam said the city's resources were being strained by the
influx of more than 100,000 people displaced by the recent
fighting, many of them taking shelter in schools and
churches.
"The Goma situation is a mess .. we've just got the green
light to set up another camp, because all the other sites are
full already," Tariq Riebl, Oxfam's humanitarian programme
coordinator, told Reuters.
Riebl said M23 was allowing Oxfam to operate.
"The main thing is access, and we have that. They (the
rebels) are not al Shabaab or the Taliban," he said.
Goma has been a regional HQ for the U.N. peacekeeping mission
in Congo, known as MONUSCO, which has a 17,000 strong force
across the huge country. MONUSCO is tasked with assisting
government troops keep the peace and protect civilians.
MONUSCO has faced criticism inside and outside Congo for not
doing enough to halt the rebels when the Congolese army fled
Goma, but U.N. officials have argued it is not the mandate of
the U.N. peacekeepers to directly engage the insurgents.
U.N. helicopter gunships fired at the rebels but were unable
to beat them back at Goma, U.N. officials said.
Congolese government troops attempted a counter-offensive
against the advancing rebels this week but were forced to
pull back to the town of Minova on Lake Kivu, leaving a trail
of soldiers' bodies and abandoned equipment in their wake.
"We are going to defend Minova, but we'll also try to push
back the rebels," Congo army (FARDC) spokesman Olivier Hamuli
said. Reinforcements were on their way to the front, he said.
M23 forces moved south through the hills towards Minova, in a
strategic position on the road to Bukavu, the capital of
South Kivu province. The rebels have said that Bukavu is
their next objective and have vowed to sweep across the vast
nation to Kinshasa if Kabila does not agree to talks.
Kabila, who has said he is willing to hear the rebels'
grievances, appointed a new interim head of ground forces
late on Friday.
General Francois Olenga Tete takes over from former army boss
General Gabriel Amisi, who was suspended on Thursday over
charges he had sold arms to other eastern rebels.
A MONUSCO spokesperson in Goma said around 10 women were
raped in Minova by retreating Congolese soldiers.
The Congolese army, FARDC, said some soldiers had been
arrested and sent to Bukavu for looting and extortion, but it
denied there had been rapes.
|
Sunday, July 01, 2007
Anyone speak Portuguese? I've found canal*MOTOBOY, which looks like a very interesting photoblog by motorcyclists in São Paulo, but am hindered more than a tad by my poor language skills. There's a bit more information here, which is where I found the first link. I've also been looking at some of the corredor -running videos on YouTube. [via The Abaporu Project]
|
New Perl Releaase
5.8.4 is a maintenance release for perl 5.8, incorporating various minor bugfixes and optimisations. This release updates Perl to the Unicode Character Database, Version 4.0.1, and fixes some minor errors in Perl's UTF8 handling. It provides optimisations for Unicode case conversion functions, map and sort, and on most platforms now provides protection against memory wrapping attacks. Please see the perldelta for the full details.
Please report bugs using the perlbug utility. If the build or regression tests fail, make nok. If the build fails to early to run this, please mail perlbug at perl.org directly.
This is a source code release, not a binary release. You will need a C development environment to build the sources. Binary releases will be made available by various vendors.
5.8.5 is planed for release in July 2004, concentrating on bug fixing and stability, and will be followed by further 5.8.x releases.
To build and install Perl, and to find out how to report problems, please read the INSTALL file, and any relevant README.platform file.
As specified in the licenses for Perl (see the files named Artistic or Copying), THIS PACKAGE IS PROVIDED WITH ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.
As always, you should conduct an appropriate level of testing before using any new product in your production environment.
The "perldelta", which describes the most important changes for this release is available in the source distribution, or at:
|
/*
* Copyright 2010-2013 Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License").
* You may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* A copy of the License is located at
*
* http://aws.amazon.com/apache2.0
*
* or in the "license" file accompanying this file. This file is distributed
* on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either
* express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing
* permissions and limitations under the License.
*/
#import "EC2Response.h"
/**
* Authorize Security Group Ingress
*/
@interface EC2AuthorizeSecurityGroupIngressResponse:EC2Response
{
}
@end
|
The adventures of two sisters + food enthusiasts as they bake, cook, and eat anything, anywhere.
January 31, 2012January 25, 2012
Khayyam Restaurant, Brookline
I think the Persian language sounds absolutely beautiful and I have been wanting to try Persian food for years. There are several Persian restaurants in Watertown such as Jasmine (under the same ownership of Khayyam), Molana and Shiraz and Beacon Hill’s Lala Rokh, all I have not been to yet.
Initially, I was going to go to Khayyam restaurant for dinner, however my friend who is half Iranian, persuaded me to try their less expensive lunch menu. We ordered from the Monday through Friday Lunch menu on a Saturday. Because it was not a week day, the restaurant added an additional dollar to each item .
There were several customers who ordered take out during our visit and it seems like a great option if one lives in the immediate area.
Persian black tea scented with cardamom
Chicken Barg, thick strips of lightly orange hued, juicy marinated boneless chicken breast skewered and grilled on an open fire. Both of our plates were served with white basmati rice, salad and velvety hummus for $7.99.
Unfortunately, the POS system was down so the time to receive the check was a bit delayed.
My friend described that several Persian dishes utilizes rose-water and oftentimes sumaq spice is sprinkled on rice. Next time, I will have to get the Dolmeh Moe, tender grape leaves stuffed with mixed herbs & rice, baklava and Dough, salty yogurt drink with mint flavor.
|
With the advent of VR, and along with its accessories, finding good VR games that suit your needs and preferences may still prove to be a challenge. But 2017 is the year when tech giants will release their big titles and expect a really big movement in the gaming industry. VR gaming is a new turf, an acquired taste. While some people are still enjoying their old school online casinos with latest casino bonus offers, more and more people are transitioning to a more fun-filled virtual reality gaming. Especially not that both HTC Vive and Oculus Rift have gone on sale and PlayStation VR I awaits in the corner for a grand reveal.
Do not fret, friends, we have come up with the best VR games you should definitely check out this year. These titles come different brands and cover many genres so it would not be hard to choose what’s good for you regardless of whether you wish to play using a console, mobile, or a Windows PC.
Elite: Dangerous
The Elite brand and franchise have been in the industry for more or less 30 years, and it is alive and well. David Braben, the creator, was able to reacquire its license ushering a rebirth. Getting the original elements from its predecessor which includes exploring, trading, and involving in combat in an alternate universe, Elite: Dangerous is a version for the modern world and targets audience that crave the technologically advance century. It even has a vast and vivid representation of our place in the galaxy. The best thing about Elite: Dangerous is that it can be played in many platforms which means you are able to enjoy the game both online or in VR.
Perfect
There will come a time when you will feel sluggish to play hardcore games, or perhaps you wish to rest your eyes for a bit before tackling head-on the boss stage, Perfect is indeed perfect for you! It is not totally a game, per se, but more of an app that lets you relax. You are able to choose from more than three outdoor destinations, which include their own daily and nightly sequences. If you think you have an explorer side, this is for you. You are also able to play with different objects found in the virtual world like rocks, trees, water, and you will be delighted to know what happens next.
Eagle Flight
If you could still remember when this certain game was released on Nintendo 64 where you would soar in the clouds and jump through hoops in order to complete game objectives? Eagle Flight is a bit like that, but instead, the gameplay is more minimalistic and you play as an eagle. This game can be played on multi-platforms including HTC Vive, Oculus Rift, and PlayStation VR. This game gives you the freedom to explore the skies of Paris five decades after humanity has ceased to exist.
Surgeon Simulator
This game may also be about aliens just like Alien Isolation but instead of fighting or running away from them, you are tasked to chip away at their insides. You will be doing brain and heart transplants. It is fun especially when played using a VR headset.
Minecraft VR
Minecraft has arrived in the virtual reality world, and many fans think it’s long overdue. Minecraft Windows 10 edition is now also available on the Oculus Rift, and you would not even have to shell out tons of cash just to enjoy the experience. It can also be played using the Samsung Gear VR. Imagine playing your favorite all-time game on VR, how fun can it be?
Eve: Valkyrie
Set faraway in deep, modern space, Eve: Valkyrie is a fast-paced, group space simulator that gives you a very real experience. The gameplay is centered on combat styles which gives the game a bit more realistic and better than other games under the same genre. You need not look further if you wish to enjoy an arcade-like game but does not take much of your time, Eve: Valkyrie is the best pick for you.
Pool Nation VR
There will come a moment when you and your friends wish to play pool but could not find the motivation to go to a bar. Say no more, friends! Pool Nation is here. The game does not fall short if we take the billiard experience into consideration. The beers along the sides of the pool table are even present in the game. The game is fun, comical, and visually pleasing without compromising its realistic representation.
Dear Esther
The beauty of VR gaming is that it gives you a sense of presence in an alternate world and the ability to interact with it. With VR environment, Dear Esther shine brightly as a “walking simulator” game. Being an exploration-type of game, Dear Esther tasks you to roam around an isolated island in Scotland, exploring its heights and hidden gems. Imagine playing a game while you just wander aimlessly. This could be good for people who are pondering about a decision as the environment may help you think clearly.
Dying Light
If you are a fan of post-apocalyptic games wherein zombies rule the world and all you have to do is survive by all means possible (close combat, lots of running) then Dying Light is good for you. It is a not so official sequel to Dead Island. The graphics and stunning visual make up for what they fell short in storyline.
There you have them! We hope that you’re able to find the best game for your taste and needs. Note that not all of these games are available through all platforms, so be sure to check it out first. What we can guarantee is you will not waste any time or money playing these games. Have you played any of the games we listed above? If so, let us know what you think when it comes to its gameplay, storyline, and graphics! We would love to hear about your opinion. Do this by leaving a comment below.
Share this:
Saurabh Mukhekar is a Tech Blogger from Pune, India. He is also thinker, maker, life long learner, hybrid developer, edupreneur, mover & shaker. He's captain planet of BlogSaays and seemingly best described in rhyme.
Follow Him On Google+
Just amazing and interesting information you provided here about VR games. There are nice list of all the VR games.I really love this type of game and some time I will play this also.By the way thanx for sharing all the games !
|
/*
* Copyright 2008 The Closure Compiler Authors.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package com.google.javascript.jscomp;
/**
* Tests for {@link RenameLabels}.
*/
public class RenameLabelsTest extends CompilerTestCase {
@Override
protected CompilerPass getProcessor(Compiler compiler) {
return new RenameLabels(compiler);
}
public void testRenameInFunction() {
test("function x(){ Foo:a(); }",
"function x(){ a(); }");
test("function x(){ Foo:{ a(); break Foo; } }",
"function x(){ a:{ a(); break a; } }");
test("function x() { " +
"Foo:{ " +
"function goo() {" +
"Foo: {" +
"a(); " +
"break Foo; " +
"}" +
"}" +
"}" +
"}",
"function x(){function goo(){a:{ a(); break a; }}}");
test("function x() { " +
"Foo:{ " +
"function goo() {" +
"Foo: {" +
"a(); " +
"break Foo; " +
"}" +
"}" +
"break Foo;" +
"}" +
"}",
"function x(){a:{function goo(){a:{ a(); break a; }} break a;}}");
}
public void testRenameGlobals() {
test("Foo:{a();}",
"a();");
test("Foo:{a(); break Foo;}",
"a:{a(); break a;}");
test("Foo:{Goo:a(); break Foo;}",
"a:{a(); break a;}");
test("Foo:{Goo:while(1){a(); continue Goo; break Foo;}}",
"a:{b:while(1){a(); continue b;break a;}}");
test("Foo:Goo:while(1){a(); continue Goo; break Foo;}",
"a:b:while(1){a(); continue b;break a;}");
test("Foo:Bar:X:{ break Bar; }",
"a:{ break a; }");
test("Foo:Bar:X:{ break Bar; break X; }",
"a:b:{ break a; break b;}");
test("Foo:Bar:X:{ break Bar; break Foo; }",
"a:b:{ break b; break a;}");
test("Foo:while (1){a(); break;}",
"while (1){a(); break;}");
// Remove label that is not referenced.
test("Foo:{a(); while (1) break;}",
"a(); while (1) break;");
}
public void testRenameReused() {
test("foo:{break foo}; foo:{break foo}", "a:{break a};a:{break a}");
}
}
|
UEFA Champions League
Here you will find the odds comparison of the Champions League, also called the Premier-class. This European Cup competition is just behind a European Championship or the World Cup as the most important trophy in international football. We supply betting odds on all the games from the qualifying matches of the group stage to the final without interruption. We continually update all odds, so you don’t miss out on any bet. The best European teams play against one another. These include teams like FC Barcelona, FC Bayern Munich, Real Madrid, Juventus Turin, Borussia Dortmund and FC Schalke 04. In addition to the betting tip 1, tip 2 and tip 3, you can find the goal betting odds, or, for example, double chance bets in our odds comparison.
|
797 So.2d 778 (2001)
STATE of Louisiana, Appellee,
v.
Jerry W. MUNHOLLAND, Appellant.
No. 35,941-KA.
Court of Appeal of Louisiana, Second Circuit.
October 12, 2001.
*779 Stephen A. Jefferson, Counsel for Appellant.
Richard P. Ieyoub, Attorney General, William R. Coenen, Jr., District Attorney, Penny W. Douciere, Kenneth D. Wheeler, Assistant District Attorneys, Counsel for Appellee.
Before WILLILAMS, GASKINS and KOSTELKA, JJ.
WILLIAMS, Judge.
The defendant, Jerry Munholland, pled guilty to driving while intoxicated ("DWI"), third offense, a violation of LSA-R.S. 14:98. Thereafter, defendant was sentenced to serve three years imprisonment at hard labor. The defendant now appeals. We affirm.
FACTS
The defendant was charged by bill of information on June 19, 1999 with DWI, third offense, which occurred on April 17, 1999 in Richland Parish. The bill of information alleged two predicate convictions of DWI:
(1) March 21, 1996: State of Louisiana, Parish of Ouachita, Fourth District Court, and
(2) June 29, 1998: State of Louisiana, Parish of Ouachita, Fourth District Court.
On December 21, 1999, the defendant filed a motion to quash the bill of information, alleging, in pertinent part, that the June 1998 conviction "is constitutionally defective because there is an insufficient inquiry and colloquy between the defendant and the presiding judge."
Parts 4 and 5 of the defendant's motion to quash read as follows:
4.
The transcript of the guilty plea shows that the Trial Judge advised Mover of certain constitutional rights, however, the Trial Judge failed to ascertain:
a) Whether or not the Defendant understood each constitutional right; and
b) Whether or not the Defendant waived each constitutional right.
5.
Mover shows that after the Trial Judge informed Mover of said rights, there was no affirmative showing by Mover, nor was there a response by Mover, that he understood and wanted to waive his constitutional rights.
The evidence submitted, including the court minutes and transcript of the June 1998 guilty plea, shows that the defendant was not represented by counsel while entering his guilty plea. However, the defendant has not challenged the propriety of his waiver of counsel. Thus, the only issue presented for our review is whether the defendant made a knowing and voluntary waiver of his Boykin rights during the 1998 plea colloquy.
*780 The pertinent part of the plea colloquy reads as follows:
Q: Do you understand today's an arraignment session and normally people plead not guilty today and then come back in a couple of two or three months and then they change their plea to guilty. You don't have to plead guilty today or any other day for that matter.
A: No. I want to go ahead and get it behind me.
Q: Alright.
A: That way I can work on it.
* * * *
Q: Okay. You're charged with DWI, driving under revocation, and improper lane usage resulting from a stop back in November. You took the chemical test and your results were .189. And of course if they're higher than .10 then you're presumed to be under the influence. Don't matter if you had two beers or twenty. You're telling me you want to plead guilty to DWI-first offense. You know what that is?
A: Yes, sir.
Q: Operating a motor vehicle on a public highway of this parish and state while under the influence of an alcoholic beverage. By pleading guilty you're giving up your right to a trial before a judge, you're giving up your presumption of innocence, you're giving up the right to subpoena witnesses on your behalf to testify for you if there were any, you're giving up the right to cross-examine the arresting officer that stopped you. It looks like it was a parish deputy ... a sheriff's deputy, Gene Caviness. He and anybody else that might have assisted in the arrest would be summoned to testify. And if you didn't have an attorney, then you could ask the officer questions about why he stopped you and how you did on the field sobriety and all of those other things. By pleading guilty you give up those rights. You give up the right to remain silent. You couldn't be made to testify against yourself. You give up any right to question why the officer stopped you in the first place-probably because of improper lane usage. You might have made a lane change without signalling (sic) or you might have gone back and forth or some other thing that might have given you.
A: I know why he did it.
Q: Why did he do it?
A: On Highway 51 it's got a real sharp curve back to the left. And that improper lane says do not enter.
Q: You crossed over into the other lane?
A: Everybody in the world does it when ... that lives down there in there. But it's just one time I got caught doing it.
Q: Okay. Well, that's a pretty honest way of looking at it. If I determine that there was a good reason for him to stop you, that would be enough for him if he had suspicion that you had been drinking to make you ... ask you to do field sobriety and chemical tests and then the whole bit. Do you understand what the penalty for DWI is? It's going to be a Five Hundred Dollar ($500.00) fine and a sixty ... a hundred and twenty days suspended because this is not a true firstand about ten eight-hour days of community service work, plus going to the same classes that you did the *781 first time. See, that was suppose to be so much of a hassle for you and inconvenience you that you wouldn't want to do this again. But it didn't work though, did it?
A: No, sir.
Q: So you're probably going to have to go into some kind of alcohol treatment program. I'm not saying it has to be a hospital, but it's going to have to be something a little more serious than what you just got through going through because it obviously didn't work. Alright. Any questions?
A: No, sir.
Q: Alright. The next DWI you get hopefully there won't be onebut it could be charged as a third. And that would be a felony and you'd be looking at a minimum of a year in the parish jail, possibly as much as five years in the penitentiary and a Two Thousand dollar ($2,000.00) fine, possibly the seizure and sale of your motor vehicle, the loss of driving privileges for God knows how long. DWIfourth is a very serious felony. That's ten to thirty in the penitentiary. So it gets worse every time it happens. You're lucky you're not being charged as a second offender. Apparently because of when this occurred there was some question about whether or not they could actually process the second offense if you asked for a jury trial. So in any event, you're being allowed to plead. They just charged this as a first. Alright. Any questions?
A: No, sir.
Q: Alright. Are you pleading guilty because you are in fact guilty?
A: Yes, sir.
Q: On or about November 6, 1997, in Ouachita Parish, Louisiana, did you operate a motor vehicle while under the influence of an alcoholic beverage?
A: Yes, sir.
Q: Alright. And I told you what your results were..189.
A: Yes, sir.
Q: That's quite a bit higher than the minimum level of .10.
By the court: Alright. The Court accepts the plea, finds the same to be freely, voluntarily, knowingly, and intelligently entered after due advisal of rights by the Court and further finds that he's made an intelligent waiver of his right to counsel knowing the dangers and disadvantages of self representation....
The court minutes for the present case reflect that on May 5, 2000, the defendant introduced the transcripts and minutes of the two predicate DWI offenses into evidence and the trial court took the motion to quash under advisement. The record does not reflect that the trial court made a formal ruling on the motion.
On October 24, 2000, the defendant appeared in open court, with counsel, withdrew his previous plea of not guilty, and entered a plea of guilty pursuant to State v. Crosby, 338 So.2d 584 (La.1976), reserving his right to appeal the use of the June 28, 1998 DWI conviction as a predicate offense for the DWI, third charge. The defendant was sentenced to serve three years at hard labor. This appeal followed.
DISCUSSION
Whenever a misdemeanor guilty plea will be used as a basis for actual imprisonment, enhancement of actual imprisonment or the conversion of a subsequent misdemeanor into a felony, it is incumbent *782 upon the court to inform the defendant that by pleading guilty he waives (a) his privilege against self-incrimination; (b) his right to trial by jury where it is applicable; and (c) his right to confront his accuser. State v. Jones, 404 So.2d 1192 (La.1981); State v. Cadiere, 99-0970 (La.App. 1st Cir.2/18/00), 754 So.2d 294.
What the accused understood is determined in terms of the entire record and not just certain "magic words" used by the trial judge. State v. Strain, 585 So.2d 540 (La.1991). Everything that appears in the record concerning the predicate offense, as well as the trial judge's opportunity to observe the defendant's appearance, demeanor and responses in court, should be considered in determining whether or not a knowing and intelligent waiver of rights occurred. Cadiere, supra; State v. Lodrigue, 97-1718 (La.App. 1st Cir.5/15/98), 712 So.2d 671. Factors bearing on the validity of this determination include the age, education, experience, background, competency, and conduct of the accused, as well as the nature, complexity and seriousness of the charge. Cadiere, supra.
The defendant argues that he was not represented by counsel in the June 1998 guilty plea and although the trial court began to inform him of his three Boykin rights, the trial court made no inquiry or determination that he expressly and knowingly waived those constitutional rights in entering the guilty plea. He further contends that the trial judge must ask a defendant "whether he or she understands his or her rights and wants to give them up."
The state argues that the defendant's rights were explained in simple, straightforward language and that the defendant was given the opportunity to ask questions before he pled guilty. The state further argues that it is clear from the transcript that the trial judge explained to the defendant that by pleading guilty he would be giving up his right to a trial, the presumption of innocence, the privilege against self-incrimination, the right to subpoena witnesses and the right to cross examine the state's witnesses.
The exchange between the trial judge and the defendant during the colloquy gave the judge ample opportunity to observe the defendant's demeanor and conduct. The record shows that the judge advised the defendant of his right to counsel and that he did not have to plead guilty. The defendant responded, "No. I want to go ahead and get it behind me".... "That way I can work on it." The judge and the defendant discussed the defendant's probation stemming from a prior DWI. Also, later in the colloquy, the defendant answered affirmatively when asked whether he wanted to plead guilty to DWI first offense. Finally, the judge informed the defendant that by pleading guilty, he was giving up his right to trial, his privilege against compulsory self-incrimination, and his right to confront his accuser.
After the trial judge informed the defendant of his constitutional rights, the defendant interjected and began to explain to the judge why he believed he was stopped by the officer. Thereafter, the judge explained to the defendant the penalties and consequences of his plea and asked him if he had any questions. The defendant responded, "No Sir." The judge also explained the penalty for a later conviction of a third DWI and then asked the defendant if he had any questions. The defendant again responded, "No Sir."
Although the defendant was not represented by counsel when he entered his guilty plea, the conduct and demeanor of *783 the defendant demonstrated that he understood the proceedings and that he knowingly and intelligently waived his Boykin rights. In fact, the defendant's comments in regard to "getting this matter behind him" and "working on the matter" showed that defendant understood the nature of the charge and was knowingly and voluntarily pleading guilty to the charge. Also, the defendant's explanation of the facts surrounding the June 1998 charge and his discussion with the judge regarding a prior DWI conviction during the colloquy at issue is further evidence that the defendant understood the nature of the proceedings. Moreover, the defendant's rights were explained to him in detail and the trial court gave him numerous opportunities to ask questions. Instead, the defendant continued to express his desire to plead guilty.
The Louisiana Supreme Court has stressed that neither Boykin v. Alabama, 395 U.S. 238, 89 S.Ct. 1709, 23 L.Ed.2d 274 (1969) nor the court's implementation of Boykin in State ex rel. Jackson v. Henderson, 260 La. 90, 255 So.2d 85 (1971), sets out a "magic word formula" which may "serve as a technical trap for conscientious trial judges who conduct a thorough inquiry into the validity of the plea...." State v. Madison, XXXX-XXXX (La.8/31/00), 768 So.2d 593; State v. Bowick, 403 So.2d 673 (La.1981). Here, the judge informed the defendant that by pleading guilty he was "giving up" the right to trial, the right to confront his accusers and the right to remain silent. After being so advised, the defendant stated that he wished to plead guilty. Therefore, in the present case, the absence of the question, "Do you understand?" following the 1998 colloquy does not negate this defendant's guilty plea, where it is clear from the record that the defendant knowingly and intelligently waived his Boykin rights. The assignment of error lacks merit.
ERRORS PATENT
Pursuant to LSA-C.Cr.P. art. 920, we have reviewed the record for error patent and have found none.
CONCLUSION
For the above reasons, the defendant's conviction and sentence are affirmed.
AFFIRMED.
|
The source file for the Texas 2012 marriages puts the entire name in one field with no comma, so some entries with two-word surnames (such as Hispanic names) are misplaced. Look for Firstname Middlename Paternal Maternal as if Maternal was the first name (Paternal, Maternal Firstname Middlename). We can command our machine to detect the first space, but it does not know whether the next word is part of the surname or a given name.
Search all our genealogy sites:
Custom Search
Use this website at your own risk. There is no warranty.
All the material here is public information. Persons wanting names removed should
CLICK HERE for our policy.
According to the sources:
GARRISON, WILLARD B. wasborn 07 August 1915, received Social Security number 431-26-6628 (indicating Arkansas) and, Death Master File says, died 28 July 2002
1272949 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLARD GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLARD C. wasborn 19 July 1921, received Social Security number 279-26-9997 (indicating Ohio) and, Death Master File says, died 21 February 2004
1272951 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLARD GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLARD ERSEL (child of JENNIE BERNARDA WILLARD (mother) who was born in COTTONWOOD, ARIZONA and ERSEL GARRISON who was born in MORGANTOWN, NC) wasborn 6 Aug 1925 in JEROME, ARIZONA;; died 25 Mar 1936 in YAVAPAI COUNTY, ARIZONA, U.S.A..
1272952 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLARD GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLARD J who was 23 (born ABT 1947) married 5 SEP 1970 in GALVESTON COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. abridenamed CAROLYN A SAMPLE who was 25 (born ABT 1945).
1272954 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLARD GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLARD J who was 44 (born ABT 1947) married 6 APR 1991 in GALVESTON COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. abridenamed SHARON PERKINS who was 45 (born ABT 1946).
1272955 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLARD GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLARD J JR who was 18 (born ABT 1972) married 10 FEB 1990 in GALVESTON COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. abridenamed REBECCA K MEADE who was 18 (born ABT 1972).
1272956 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLARD GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLARD J SR, born ABT 1947, and his bride CAROLYN A, born ABT 1945, married 5 SEP 1970, and they had two children under 18 when they got divorced in GALVESTON COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. on 15 AUG 1990.
1272957 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLARD GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLARD L. wasborn 29 May 1925, received Social Security number 407-30-0643 and, Death Master File says, died 15 November 1987
1272958 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLARD GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLA W. wasborn 08 February 1911, received Social Security number 227-01-8869 (indicating Virginia) and, Death Master File says, died 10 December 1993
1272959 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLA GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLBURN wasborn 03 February 1904, received Social Security number 478-05-3551 (indicating Iowa) and, Death Master File says, died October 1969
1272960 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLBURN GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILL C married 12 Dec 1883 in COOK COUNTY, ILLINOIS, U.S.A. abridenamed MARY B MCGREW.
1272961 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILL GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLENA wasborn 07 January 1921, received Social Security number 258-22-2085 (indicating Georgia) and, Death Master File says, died April 1980
1272962 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLENA GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLENA wasborn 09 March 1884, received Social Security number 142-54-2018 (indicating New Jersey) and, Death Master File says, died November 1975
1272963 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLENA GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLENE wasborn 14 March 1944, received Social Security number 252-68-1333 (indicating Georgia) and, Death Master File says, died May 1984
1272964 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLENE GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLETTA wasborn 31 March 1916, received Social Security number 403-09-2491 and, Death Master File says, died 01 October 2004
1272965 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLETTA GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLEVI wasborn 24 November 1899, received Social Security number 451-38-0595 (indicating Texas) and, Death Master File says, died July 1986
1272966 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLEVI GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIA A. wasborn 18 April 1898, received Social Security number 173-24-5923 (indicating Pennsylvania) and, Death Master File says, died 26 June 1994
1272967 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIA GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIA G. wasborn 19 September 1929, received Social Security number 525-48-9157 (indicating New Mexico) and, Death Master File says, died 08 January 1994
1272968 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIA GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIA M. wasborn 23 May 1929, received Social Security number 373-30-2765 (indicating Michigan) and, Death Master File says, died 15 February 2003
1272970 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIA GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 1865 in MN died 18 Jul 1904 in ITASCA COUNTY, MINNESOTA, U.S.A.
1272971 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, William (son of Emeline [no surname shown] (mother) and John Garrison) wasborn 17 Aug 1865 in Tyler County, West Virginia, U.S.A..
1272972 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for William GARRISON.
GARRISON, William (son of Lillie Garrison (mother) and Edward Garrison) wasborn 8 Oct 1901 in Shepherdstown, Jefferson Co. County, West Virginia, U.S.A..
1272974 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for William GARRISON.
GARRISON, William (son of Sarah Grimm (mother) and John Garrison) wasborn ABT 1860;; died 11 Apr 1936 in Littleton, Wetzel, West Virginia.
1272975 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for William GARRISON.
GARRISON, William (son of Sarah Grimm (mother) and John Garrison) wasborn ABT 1860;; died 11 Apr 1936 in Wetzel, West Virginia.
1272976 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for William GARRISON.
GARRISON, William (father) , and Virginia Williams, hadababygirl, [no given name shown] GARRISON born ABT 1930.
1273047 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for William GARRISON.
GARRISON, William (son of Albert L Garrison) wasborn ABT 1907 in Oklahoma and he wasinthe1910census in Kiowa County, Oklahoma, U.S.A.
1273048 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for William GARRISON.
GARRISON, William (son of Joshua S. Garrison) wasborn ABT 1893 in Arkansas and he wasinthe1910census in Mayes County, Oklahoma, U.S.A.
1273049 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for William GARRISON.
GARRISON, William (son of Robert Garrison) wasborn ABT 1904 in Kentucky and he wasinthe1920census in Whitley County, Kentucky, U.S.A.
1273050 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for William GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 0000, received Social Security number 079-03-1612 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died June 1959
1273051 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 0000, received Social Security number 093-03-5322 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died May 1948
1273052 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 01 April 1923, received Social Security number 141-16-2294 (indicating New Jersey) and, Death Master File says, died April 1974
1273053 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 01 August 1928, received Social Security number 169-24-1881 (indicating Pennsylvania) and, Death Master File says, died February 1968
1273054 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 01 December 1905, received Social Security number 209-03-8019 (indicating Pennsylvania) and, Death Master File says, died December 1979
1273055 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 01 December 1918, received Social Security number 400-18-1342 (indicating Kentucky) and, Death Master File says, died December 1985
1273056 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 01 December 1933, received Social Security number 052-28-5419 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died August 1977
1273057 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 01 February 1922, received Social Security number 466-09-6012 (indicating Texas) and, Death Master File says, died June 1979
1273058 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 01 January 1897, received Social Security number 313-12-9719 (indicating Indiana) and, Death Master File says, died October 1962
1273059 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 01 January 1899, received Social Security number 207-14-8457 (indicating Pennsylvania) and, Death Master File says, died May 1978
1273060 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 01 June 1934, received Social Security number 241-52-4889 (indicating North Carolina) and, Death Master File says, died September 1965
1273061 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 01 March 1886, received Social Security number 237-07-5632 (indicating North Carolina) and, Death Master File says, died November 1975
1273062 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 01 May 1902, received Social Security number 489-09-0798 (indicating Missouri) and, Death Master File says, died October 1969
1273063 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 01 May 1902, received Social Security number 548-03-9319 (indicating California) and, Death Master File says, died September 1967
1273064 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 01 October 1901, received Social Security number 232-14-1090 (indicating West Virginia or North Carolina) and, Death Master File says, died March 1973
1273065 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 01 September 1906, received Social Security number 216-07-5547 (indicating Maryland) and, Death Master File says, died April 1978
1273066 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 02 August 1884, received Social Security number 430-74-2577 (indicating Arkansas) and, Death Master File says, died September 1973
1273067 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 02 August 1898, received Social Security number 437-09-3664 (indicating Louisiana) and, Death Master File says, died January 1970
1273068 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 02 March 1892, received Social Security number 238-52-1559 (indicating North Carolina) and, Death Master File says, died December 1964
1273069 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 02 May 1907, received Social Security number 077-05-4891 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died September 1982
1273070 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 02 November 1906, received Social Security number 097-14-0441 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died December 1972
1273071 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 02 October 1886, received Social Security number 500-05-7827 (indicating Missouri) and, Death Master File says, died 15 April 1966
1273072 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 03 December 1887, received Social Security number 274-10-0138 (indicating Ohio) and, Death Master File says, died November 1971
1273073 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 03 December 1906, received Social Security number 118-14-3744 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died September 1977
1273074 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 03 July 1904, received Social Security number 165-05-8449 (indicating Pennsylvania) and, Death Master File says, died December 1983
1273075 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 03 July 1911, received Social Security number 556-20-9849 (indicating California) and, Death Master File says, died 12 July 2004
1273076 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 03 June 1894, received Social Security number 147-05-5443 (indicating New Jersey) and, Death Master File says, died May 1978
1273077 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 03 March 1894, received Social Security number 570-84-6347 (indicating California) and, Death Master File says, died September 1972
1273078 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 03 March 1917, received Social Security number 229-05-6359 (indicating Virginia) and, Death Master File says, died April 1972
1273079 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 03 May 1910, received Social Security number 215-05-9045 (indicating Maryland) and, Death Master File says, died February 1972
1273080 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 03 November 1887, received Social Security number 240-14-4729 (indicating North Carolina) and, Death Master File says, died March 1973
1273081 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 03 October 1948, received Social Security number 442-48-8170 (indicating Oklahoma) and, Death Master File says, died January 1987
1273082 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 04 April 1900, received Social Security number 422-52-2753 (indicating Alabama) and, Death Master File says, died July 1973
1273083 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 04 April 1906, received Social Security number 235-12-5998 (indicating West Virginia) and, Death Master File says, died April 1978
1273084 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 04 April 1908, received Social Security number 415-05-5364 (indicating Tennessee) and, Death Master File says, died April 1985
1273085 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 04 August 1884, received Social Security number 140-07-5133 (indicating New Jersey) and, Death Master File says, died February 1960
1273086 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 04 December 1878, received Social Security number 192-05-7778 (indicating Pennsylvania) and, Death Master File says, died November 1965
1273087 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 04 December 1894, received Social Security number 063-09-3865 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died April 1969
1273088 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 04 February 1903, received Social Security number 247-09-9784 (indicating South Carolina) and, Death Master File says, died November 1961
1273089 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 04 July 1905, received Social Security number 376-03-6135 (indicating Michigan) and, Death Master File says, died September 1970
1273090 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 04 November 1886, received Social Security number 431-52-3488 (indicating Arkansas) and, Death Master File says, died October 1973
1273091 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 05 August 1932, received Social Security number 077-28-6801 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died 22 April 1993
1273092 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 05 December 1891, received Social Security number 422-36-7679 (indicating Alabama) and, Death Master File says, died February 1964
1273093 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 05 February 1897, received Social Security number 258-16-3157 (indicating Georgia) and, Death Master File says, died February 1977
1273094 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 05 June 1901, received Social Security number 146-10-9247 (indicating New Jersey) and, Death Master File says, died August 1978
1273095 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 05 March 1886, received Social Security number 479-44-6433 (indicating Iowa) and, Death Master File says, died November 1975
1273096 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 05 November 1893, received Social Security number 357-01-2611 (indicating Illinois) and, Death Master File says, died July 1968
1273097 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 05 November 1915, received Social Security number 524-14-9199 (indicating Colorado) and, Death Master File says, died December 1980
1273098 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 05 October 1906, received Social Security number 238-10-4664 (indicating North Carolina) and, Death Master File says, died October 1984
1273099 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 05 October 1908, received Social Security number 492-14-3783 (indicating Missouri) and, Death Master File says, died May 1956
1273100 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 05 October 1914, received Social Security number 527-16-6381 (indicating Arizona) and, Death Master File says, died January 1982
1273101 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 05 October 1924, received Social Security number 350-24-5439 (indicating Illinois) and, Death Master File says, died November 1979
1273102 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 05 September 1900, received Social Security number 121-10-8714 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died March 1967
1273103 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 05 September 1907, received Social Security number 460-07-3012 (indicating Texas) and, Death Master File says, died July 1974
1273104 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 06 December 1906, received Social Security number 492-03-7540 (indicating Missouri) and, Death Master File says, died January 1979
1273105 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 06 December 1918, received Social Security number 574-05-3041 (indicating Alaska) and, Death Master File says, died November 1965
1273106 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 06 July 1893, received Social Security number 458-05-7152 (indicating Texas) and, Death Master File says, died December 1953
1273107 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 06 May 1892, received Social Security number 534-01-3782 (indicating Washington) and, Death Master File says, died February 1963
1273108 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 06 October 1905, received Social Security number 516-16-0573 (indicating Montana) and, Death Master File says, died February 1967
1273109 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 06 September 1931, received Social Security number 529-34-7508 (indicating Utah) and, Death Master File says, died December 1968
1273110 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 07 August 1907, received Social Security number 509-05-6135 (indicating Kansas) and, Death Master File says, died February 1980
1273111 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 07 February 1896, received Social Security number 443-10-8377 (indicating Oklahoma) and, Death Master File says, died May 1964
1273112 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 07 January 1885, received Social Security number 489-09-2526 (indicating Missouri) and, Death Master File says, died November 1969
1273113 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 07 July 1909, received Social Security number 135-12-0216 (indicating New Jersey) and, Death Master File says, died 15 December 1991
1273114 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 07 March 1944, received Social Security number 141-34-1501 (indicating New Jersey) and, Death Master File says, died April 1977
1273115 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 07 May 1902, received Social Security number 408-01-2348 (indicating Tennessee) and, Death Master File says, died December 1971
1273116 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 07 May 1914, received Social Security number 142-09-5427 (indicating New Jersey) and, Death Master File says, died April 1983
1273117 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 07 May 1915, received Social Security number 237-09-0965 (indicating North Carolina) and, Death Master File says, died May 1986
1273118 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 07 November 1895, received Social Security number 317-24-1478 (indicating Indiana) and, Death Master File says, died January 1965
1273119 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 07 September 1916, received Social Security number 458-26-4617 (indicating Texas) and, Death Master File says, died December 1970
1273120 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 08 August 1916, received Social Security number 500-03-0869 (indicating Missouri) and, Death Master File says, died March 1977
1273121 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 08 December 1911, received Social Security number 277-05-5214 (indicating Ohio) and, Death Master File says, died 07 May 1992
1273122 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 08 February 1908, received Social Security number 280-10-4219 (indicating Ohio) and, Death Master File says, died April 1955
1273123 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 08 February 1908, received Social Security number 495-05-8086 (indicating Missouri) and, Death Master File says, died January 1973
1273124 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 08 July 1930, received Social Security number 244-40-5824 (indicating North Carolina) and, Death Master File says, died July 1982
1273125 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 08 June 1895, received Social Security number 094-09-0658 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died December 1964
1273126 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 09 April 1900, received Social Security number 068-03-6376 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died October 1959
1273127 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 09 August 1926, received Social Security number 444-28-9904 (indicating Oklahoma) and, Death Master File says, died June 1979
1273128 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 09 January 1894, received Social Security number 029-09-9931 (indicating Massachusetts) and, Death Master File says, died April 1976
1273129 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 09 July 1908, received Social Security number 375-05-7068 (indicating Michigan) and, Death Master File says, died August 1979
1273130 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 09 May 1896, received Social Security number 426-12-0126 (indicating Mississippi) and, Death Master File says, died February 1973
1273131 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 09 November 1887, received Social Security number 345-38-9860 (indicating Illinois) and, Death Master File says, died June 1967
1273132 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 09 November 1900, received Social Security number 522-03-8722 (indicating Colorado) and, Death Master File says, died December 1974
1273133 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 10 February 1921, received Social Security number 306-12-2852 (indicating Indiana) and, Death Master File says, died September 1969
1273134 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 10 February 1930, received Social Security number 234-36-4945 (indicating West Virginia) and, Death Master File says, died June 1986
1273135 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 10 March 1897, received Social Security number 051-01-9959 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died November 1973
1273136 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 10 March 1897, received Social Security number 317-20-1978 (indicating Indiana) and, Death Master File says, died August 1965
1273137 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 10 October 1926, received Social Security number 373-28-7662 (indicating Michigan) and, Death Master File says, died November 1985
1273138 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 10 September 1886, received Social Security number 555-03-0395 (indicating California) and, Death Master File says, died May 1967
1273139 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 11 December 1903, received Social Security number 304-10-6426 (indicating Indiana) and, Death Master File says, died August 1964
1273140 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 12 July 1903, received Social Security number 334-01-8352 (indicating Illinois) and, Death Master File says, died June 1975
1273141 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 12 July 1911, received Social Security number 725-05-1741 (indicating Railroad Board) and, Death Master File says, died December 1977
1273142 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 12 May 1899, received Social Security number 225-14-8639 (indicating Virginia) and, Death Master File says, died January 1980
1273143 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 12 November 1887, received Social Security number 432-56-8246 (indicating Arkansas) and, Death Master File says, died December 1973
1273144 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 12 October 1899, received Social Security number 110-12-2003 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died October 1974
1273145 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 12 September 1884, received Social Security number 717-09-0013 (indicating Railroad Board) and, Death Master File says, died March 1963
1273146 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 12 September 1920, received Social Security number 375-12-3233 (indicating Michigan) and, Death Master File says, died January 1970
1273147 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 13 April 1914, received Social Security number 422-07-8195 (indicating Alabama) and, Death Master File says, died 07 March 2005
1273148 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 13 February 1911, received Social Security number 461-05-3222 (indicating Texas) and, Death Master File says, died August 1980
1273149 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 13 February 1921, received Social Security number 552-18-4803 (indicating California) and, Death Master File says, died January 1978
1273150 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 13 March 1908, received Social Security number 550-12-9384 (indicating California) and, Death Master File says, died April 1979
1273151 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 13 March 1912, received Social Security number 515-07-8414 (indicating Kansas) and, Death Master File says, died February 1968
1273152 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 13 March 1913, received Social Security number 455-18-2761 (indicating Texas) and, Death Master File says, died January 1974
1273153 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 13 September 1931, received Social Security number 486-30-3846 (indicating Missouri) and, Death Master File says, died February 1985
1273154 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 14 April 1921, received Social Security number 453-20-2090 (indicating Texas) and, Death Master File says, died March 1982
1273155 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 14 August 1912, received Social Security number 234-10-9302 (indicating West Virginia) and, Death Master File says, died February 1984
1273156 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 14 February 1888, received Social Security number 541-14-9124 (indicating Oregon) and, Death Master File says, died October 1973
1273157 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 14 February 1893, received Social Security number 536-03-0046 (indicating Washington) and, Death Master File says, died October 1970
1273158 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 14 January 1918, received Social Security number 161-16-3557 (indicating Pennsylvania) and, Death Master File says, died July 1987
1273159 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 14 July 1948, received Social Security number 339-40-9014 (indicating Illinois) and, Death Master File says, died December 1977
1273160 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 14 March 1926, received Social Security number 165-20-6290 (indicating Pennsylvania) and, Death Master File says, died 01 August 1988
1273161 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 14 May 1888, received Social Security number 442-18-3820 (indicating Oklahoma) and, Death Master File says, died May 1979
1273162 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 14 May 1906, received Social Security number 188-05-1253 (indicating Pennsylvania) and, Death Master File says, died March 1982
1273163 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 14 November 1927, received Social Security number 198-22-5276 (indicating Pennsylvania) and, Death Master File says, died 12 June 2012
1273164 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 14 October 1889, received Social Security number 242-52-5182 (indicating North Carolina) and, Death Master File says, died August 1967
1273165 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 14 September 1901, received Social Security number 329-01-4415 (indicating Illinois) and, Death Master File says, died September 1977
1273166 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 14 September 1908, received Social Security number 523-16-1705 (indicating Colorado) and, Death Master File says, died February 1967
1273167 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 15 April 1895, received Social Security number 260-52-1807 (indicating Georgia) and, Death Master File says, died August 1970
1273168 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 15 April 1921, received Social Security number 139-14-1945 (indicating New Jersey) and, Death Master File says, died January 1977
1273169 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 15 August 1895, received Social Security number 231-36-1397 (indicating Virginia) and, Death Master File says, died January 1969
1273170 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 15 August 1903, received Social Security number 434-20-7700 (indicating Louisiana) and, Death Master File says, died May 1976
1273171 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 15 December 1915, received Social Security number 422-12-0333 (indicating Alabama) and, Death Master File says, died 21 September 2001
1273172 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 15 February 1905, received Social Security number 090-09-6262 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died February 1978
1273173 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 15 July 1923, received Social Security number 259-20-5865 (indicating Georgia) and, Death Master File says, died January 1985
1273174 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 15 May 1892, received Social Security number 416-14-4783 (indicating Alabama) and, Death Master File says, died December 1978
1273175 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 15 May 1916, received Social Security number 228-10-0256 (indicating Virginia) and, Death Master File says, died March 1962
1273176 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 15 May 1917, received Social Security number 325-18-2302 (indicating Illinois) and, Death Master File says, died June 1972
1273177 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 15 November 1902, received Social Security number 433-01-3006 (indicating Louisiana) and, Death Master File says, died October 1970
1273178 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 15 September 1893, received Social Security number 147-07-2178 (indicating New Jersey) and, Death Master File says, died February 1982
1273179 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 15 September 1924, received Social Security number 569-30-9144 (indicating California) and, Death Master File says, died November 1979
1273180 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 16 April 1913, received Social Security number 404-03-5951 and, Death Master File says, died September 1974
1273181 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 16 April 1914, received Social Security number 266-10-6294 (indicating Florida) and, Death Master File says, died August 1975
1273182 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 16 July 1895, received Social Security number 133-05-2836 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died April 1976
1273183 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 16 July 1910, received Social Security number 131-10-5329 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died March 1983
1273184 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 16 June 1903, received Social Security number 293-09-3373 (indicating Ohio) and, Death Master File says, died April 1969
1273185 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 16 March 1897, received Social Security number 341-16-9415 (indicating Illinois) and, Death Master File says, died October 1979
1273186 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 16 May 1915, received Social Security number 362-12-8512 (indicating Michigan) and, Death Master File says, died 07 January 1988
1273187 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 16 October 1873, received Social Security number 412-64-3583 (indicating Tennessee) and, Death Master File says, died April 1963
1273188 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 16 October 1907, received Social Security number 240-05-8119 (indicating North Carolina) and, Death Master File says, died March 1980
1273189 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 16 September 1906, received Social Security number 537-05-8246 (indicating Washington) and, Death Master File says, died October 1974
1273190 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 17 April 1928, received Social Security number 153-20-0861 (indicating New Jersey) and, Death Master File says, died 18 August 2007
1273191 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 17 April 1930, received Social Security number 423-42-8685 (indicating Alabama) and, Death Master File says, died October 1970
1273192 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 17 February 1894, received Social Security number 532-05-0065 (indicating Washington) and, Death Master File says, died June 1975
1273193 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 17 June 1934, received Social Security number 250-52-2087 (indicating South Carolina) and, Death Master File says, died January 1972
1273194 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 17 March 1930, received Social Security number 308-28-7108 (indicating Indiana) and, Death Master File says, died January 1983
1273195 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 17 November 1900, received Social Security number 159-03-5921 (indicating Pennsylvania) and, Death Master File says, died January 1973
1273196 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 17 October 1882, received Social Security number 288-34-4812 (indicating Ohio) and, Death Master File says, died February 1970
1273197 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 18 February 1887, received Social Security number 439-48-2237 (indicating Louisiana) and, Death Master File says, died September 1968
1273198 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 18 January 1902, received Social Security number 500-10-3354 (indicating Missouri) and, Death Master File says, died December 1973
1273199 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 18 January 1921, received Social Security number 422-24-8612 (indicating Alabama) and, Death Master File says, died February 1975
1273200 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 18 March 1884, received Social Security number 125-01-2034 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died July 1983
1273201 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 18 March 1950, received Social Security number 421-72-4230 (indicating Alabama) and, Death Master File says, died January 1981
1273202 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 18 May 1896, received Social Security number 240-14-5979 (indicating North Carolina) and, Death Master File says, died May 1970
1273203 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 18 November 1901, received Social Security number 532-32-8339 (indicating Washington) and, Death Master File says, died September 1983
1273204 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 19 August 1881, received Social Security number 499-10-2415 (indicating Missouri) and, Death Master File says, died October 1966
1273205 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 19 December 1926, received Social Security number 432-24-5190 (indicating Arkansas) and, Death Master File says, died November 1986
1273206 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 19 February 1912, received Social Security number 303-18-4390 (indicating Indiana) and, Death Master File says, died August 1973
1273207 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 19 July 1901, received Social Security number 228-12-7512 (indicating Virginia) and, Death Master File says, died January 1965
1273208 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 19 July 1904, received Social Security number 227-01-2002 (indicating Virginia) and, Death Master File says, died May 1967
1273209 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 19 July 1919, received Social Security number 254-12-0565 (indicating Georgia) and, Death Master File says, died June 1981
1273210 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 19 June 1904, received Social Security number 219-14-2950 (indicating Maryland) and, Death Master File says, died 30 July 1993
1273211 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 19 November 1896, received Social Security number 149-10-9876 (indicating New Jersey) and, Death Master File says, died November 1973
1273212 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 20 April 1900, received Social Security number 146-14-7740 (indicating New Jersey) and, Death Master File says, died May 1968
1273213 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 20 April 1926, received Social Security number 227-36-6918 (indicating Virginia) and, Death Master File says, died April 1973
1273214 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 20 August 1909, received Social Security number 430-12-5662 (indicating Arkansas) and, Death Master File says, died January 1970
1273215 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 20 December 1911, received Social Security number 430-20-8364 (indicating Arkansas) and, Death Master File says, died April 1977
1273216 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 20 February 1906, received Social Security number 565-05-4074 (indicating California) and, Death Master File says, died August 1971
1273217 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 20 September 1903, received Social Security number 405-28-1262 and, Death Master File says, died November 1978
1273218 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 21 August 1886, received Social Security number 238-48-2805 (indicating North Carolina) and, Death Master File says, died April 1972
1273219 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 21 August 1922, received Social Security number 364-22-6495 (indicating Michigan) and, Death Master File says, died November 1964
1273220 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 21 August 1934, received Social Security number 219-30-3109 (indicating Maryland) and, Death Master File says, died September 1985
1273221 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 21 December 1916, received Social Security number 524-10-9229 (indicating Colorado) and, Death Master File says, died September 1980
1273222 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 21 February 1905, received Social Security number 397-01-1337 (indicating Wisconsin) and, Death Master File says, died February 1979
1273223 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 21 July 1906, received Social Security number 178-07-4240 (indicating Pennsylvania) and, Death Master File says, died August 1985
1273224 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 21 June 1894, received Social Security number 430-20-0057 (indicating Arkansas) and, Death Master File says, died December 1971
1273225 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 21 June 1897, received Social Security number 142-09-4860 (indicating New Jersey) and, Death Master File says, died November 1973
1273226 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 21 June 1928, received Social Security number 459-38-7299 (indicating Texas) and, Death Master File says, died 21 February 1997
1273227 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 21 March 1897, received Social Security number 511-01-4936 (indicating Kansas) and, Death Master File says, died November 1965
1273228 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 21 March 1913, received Social Security number 313-03-0012 (indicating Indiana) and, Death Master File says, died November 1978
1273229 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 21 March 1925, received Social Security number 412-22-9540 (indicating Tennessee) and, Death Master File says, died July 1977
1273230 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 22 April 1900, received Social Security number 276-05-7548 (indicating Ohio) and, Death Master File says, died January 1969
1273231 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 22 April 1906, received Social Security number 130-03-8967 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died November 1981
1273232 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 22 August 1896, received Social Security number 247-54-1422 (indicating South Carolina) and, Death Master File says, died August 1981
1273233 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 22 February 1917, received Social Security number 146-09-5899 (indicating New Jersey) and, Death Master File says, died April 1985
1273234 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 22 January 1893, received Social Security number 447-05-4675 (indicating Oklahoma) and, Death Master File says, died November 1967
1273235 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 22 July 1922, received Social Security number 509-20-3685 (indicating Kansas) and, Death Master File says, died September 1965
1273236 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 22 June 1915, received Social Security number 225-03-0889 (indicating Virginia) and, Death Master File says, died October 1968
1273237 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 22 May 1914, received Social Security number 524-05-3351 (indicating Colorado) and, Death Master File says, died August 1972
1273238 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 22 May 1928, received Social Security number 317-24-4740 (indicating Indiana) and, Death Master File says, died October 1983
1273239 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 22 November 1902, received Social Security number 450-12-4749 (indicating Texas) and, Death Master File says, died October 1983
1273240 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 22 November 1928, received Social Security number 463-22-7676 (indicating Texas) and, Death Master File says, died July 1983
1273241 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 22 October 1896, received Social Security number 513-05-7457 (indicating Kansas) and, Death Master File says, died January 1970
1273242 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 23 April 1916, received Social Security number 247-18-8841 (indicating South Carolina) and, Death Master File says, died 06 September 1993
1273243 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 23 August 1898, received Social Security number 252-38-5799 (indicating Georgia) and, Death Master File says, died August 1974
1273244 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 23 August 1925, received Social Security number 431-50-8411 (indicating Arkansas) and, Death Master File says, died October 1984
1273245 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 23 December 1886, received Social Security number 440-05-7419 (indicating Oklahoma) and, Death Master File says, died August 1981
1273246 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 23 December 1898, received Social Security number 368-07-2134 (indicating Michigan) and, Death Master File says, died April 1964
1273247 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 23 February 1892, received Social Security number 495-36-6438 (indicating Missouri) and, Death Master File says, died August 1981
1273248 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 23 January 1894, received Social Security number 152-16-2516 (indicating New Jersey) and, Death Master File says, died September 1965
1273249 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 23 January 1924, received Social Security number 257-26-9653 (indicating Georgia) and, Death Master File says, died February 1981
1273250 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 23 July 1901, received Social Security number 487-07-2211 (indicating Missouri) and, Death Master File says, died April 1978
1273251 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 23 September 1904, received Social Security number 541-09-0135 (indicating Oregon) and, Death Master File says, died June 1967
1273252 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 24 August 1900, received Social Security number 403-05-0147 and, Death Master File says, died April 1974
1273253 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 24 June 1912, received Social Security number 348-05-6074 (indicating Illinois) and, Death Master File says, died March 1968
1273254 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 24 March 1894, received Social Security number 413-24-5147 (indicating Tennessee) and, Death Master File says, died October 1953
1273255 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 24 March 1895, received Social Security number 287-10-3948 (indicating Ohio) and, Death Master File says, died January 1967
1273256 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 24 May 1905, received Social Security number 228-03-9918 (indicating Virginia) and, Death Master File says, died December 1986
1273257 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 24 November 1918, received Social Security number 251-40-7129 (indicating South Carolina) and, Death Master File says, died May 1985
1273258 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 25 December 1925, received Social Security number 218-22-7418 (indicating Maryland) and, Death Master File says, died April 1985
1273259 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 25 February 1904, received Social Security number 549-09-0460 (indicating California) and, Death Master File says, died March 1978
1273260 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 25 February 1933, received Social Security number 055-26-8727 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died November 1978
1273261 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 25 January 1894, received Social Security number 266-09-3802 (indicating Florida) and, Death Master File says, died December 1970
1273262 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 25 July 1895, received Social Security number 311-09-5310 (indicating Indiana) and, Death Master File says, died October 1963
1273263 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 25 July 1898, received Social Security number 509-16-1340 (indicating Kansas) and, Death Master File says, died January 1957
1273264 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 25 July 1943, received Social Security number 255-68-5351 (indicating Georgia) and, Death Master File says, died May 1980
1273265 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 25 October 1894, received Social Security number 299-07-0166 (indicating Ohio) and, Death Master File says, died January 1975
1273266 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 26 January 1906, received Social Security number 267-18-4248 (indicating Florida) and, Death Master File says, died March 1977
1273267 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 26 January 1906, received Social Security number 374-22-0562 (indicating Michigan) and, Death Master File says, died July 1979
1273268 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 26 January 1916, received Social Security number 510-10-1714 (indicating Kansas) and, Death Master File says, died September 1985
1273269 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 26 June 1907, received Social Security number 217-09-8580 (indicating Maryland) and, Death Master File says, died October 1978
1273270 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 26 June 1912, received Social Security number 578-03-1818 (indicating District of Columbia) and, Death Master File says, died October 1986
1273271 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 26 June 1926, received Social Security number 158-14-5690 (indicating New Jersey) and, Death Master File says, died November 1986
1273272 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 27 August 1900, received Social Security number 270-07-5092 (indicating Ohio) and, Death Master File says, died December 1966
1273273 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 27 August 1903, received Social Security number 478-52-9030 (indicating Iowa) and, Death Master File says, died October 1971
1273274 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 27 August 1927, received Social Security number 540-28-7469 (indicating Oregon) and, Death Master File says, died September 1987
1273275 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 27 February 1924, received Social Security number 426-58-2323 (indicating Mississippi) and, Death Master File says, died August 1983
1273276 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 27 January 1892, received Social Security number 419-05-7675 (indicating Alabama) and, Death Master File says, died July 1964
1273277 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 27 January 1893, received Social Security number 098-24-1004 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died May 1967
1273278 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 27 March 1895, received Social Security number 533-01-8962 (indicating Washington) and, Death Master File says, died January 1964
1273279 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 27 March 1908, received Social Security number 441-01-4386 (indicating Oklahoma) and, Death Master File says, died December 1974
1273280 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 27 May 1885, received Social Security number 489-30-0582 (indicating Missouri) and, Death Master File says, died May 1973
1273281 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 27 November 1899, received Social Security number 143-09-3833 (indicating New Jersey) and, Death Master File says, died April 1971
1273282 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 27 November 1904, received Social Security number 068-18-6781 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died June 1974
1273283 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 27 September 1917, received Social Security number 239-22-5508 (indicating North Carolina) and, Death Master File says, died December 1968
1273284 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 28 April 1903, received Social Security number 422-20-8590 (indicating Alabama) and, Death Master File says, died October 1986
1273285 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 28 December 1889, received Social Security number 378-03-5886 (indicating Michigan) and, Death Master File says, died January 1965
1273286 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 28 December 1897, received Social Security number 297-48-0202 (indicating Ohio) and, Death Master File says, died May 1987
1273287 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 28 December 1925, received Social Security number 430-40-1138 (indicating Arkansas) and, Death Master File says, died December 1984
1273288 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 28 January 1900, received Social Security number 150-16-0347 (indicating New Jersey) and, Death Master File says, died February 1964
1273289 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 28 January 1902, received Social Security number 055-09-2233 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died November 1978
1273290 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 28 January 1906, received Social Security number 254-14-2312 (indicating Georgia) and, Death Master File says, died December 1968
1273291 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 28 July 1913, received Social Security number 445-07-2754 (indicating Oklahoma) and, Death Master File says, died April 1970
1273292 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 28 July 1914, received Social Security number 433-03-7250 (indicating Louisiana) and, Death Master File says, died May 1982
1273293 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 28 June 1896, received Social Security number 243-05-2338 (indicating North Carolina) and, Death Master File says, died January 1977
1273294 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 28 June 1934, received Social Security number 081-28-1119 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died March 1984
1273295 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 28 October 1881, received Social Security number 443-10-1778 (indicating Oklahoma) and, Death Master File says, died August 1962
1273296 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 28 September 1900, received Social Security number 330-12-1863 (indicating Illinois) and, Death Master File says, died June 1984
1273297 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 29 August 1899, received Social Security number 142-09-2116 (indicating New Jersey) and, Death Master File says, died September 1970
1273298 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 29 December 1914, received Social Security number 262-03-0254 (indicating Florida) and, Death Master File says, died October 1983
1273299 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 29 December 1914, received Social Security number 436-10-6153 (indicating Louisiana) and, Death Master File says, died 14 December 1987
1273300 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 29 January 1885, received Social Security number 578-07-9240 (indicating District of Columbia) and, Death Master File says, died November 1960
1273301 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 29 July 1892, received Social Security number 041-18-9058 (indicating Connecticut) and, Death Master File says, died July 1963
1273302 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 29 March 1896, received Social Security number 356-32-7074 (indicating Illinois) and, Death Master File says, died December 1978
1273303 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 29 May 1890, received Social Security number 405-01-7414 and, Death Master File says, died December 1963
1273304 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 29 November 1901, received Social Security number 577-70-5407 (indicating District of Columbia) and, Death Master File says, died October 1977
1273305 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 29 November 1925, received Social Security number 485-20-1080 (indicating Iowa) and, Death Master File says, died January 1987
1273306 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 30 April 1898, received Social Security number 294-22-1046 (indicating Ohio) and, Death Master File says, died 06 February 1989
1273307 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 30 April 1909, received Social Security number 248-01-8030 (indicating South Carolina) and, Death Master File says, died March 1984
1273308 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 30 August 1899, received Social Security number 385-09-2898 (indicating Michigan) and, Death Master File says, died October 1969
1273309 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 30 August 1910, received Social Security number 431-40-2364 (indicating Arkansas) and, Death Master File says, died June 1983
1273310 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 30 December 1957, received Social Security number 090-50-8508 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died 03 November 2000
1273311 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 30 January 1924, received Social Security number 260-60-1461 (indicating Georgia) and, Death Master File says, died February 1981
1273312 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 30 July 1893, received Social Security number 531-18-7897 (indicating Washington) and, Death Master File says, died April 1972
1273313 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 30 March 1891, received Social Security number 472-01-9565 (indicating Minnesota) and, Death Master File says, died January 1968
1273314 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 30 March 1902, received Social Security number 216-07-3492 (indicating Maryland) and, Death Master File says, died December 1976
1273315 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 30 September 1911, received Social Security number 442-09-6497 (indicating Oklahoma) and, Death Master File says, died November 1979
1273316 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 30 September 1926, received Social Security number 360-14-9663 (indicating Illinois) and, Death Master File says, died May 1974
1273317 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 31 December 1880, received Social Security number 446-38-5652 (indicating Oklahoma) and, Death Master File says, died May 1969
1273318 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 31 October 1893, received Social Security number 142-09-4940 (indicating New Jersey) and, Death Master File says, died April 1966
1273319 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM wasborn 31 October 1934, received Social Security number 114-26-5888 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died March 1984
1273320 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, William wasborn ABT 1866 in LA and he wasinthe1900census in Richland Parish, Louisiana, U.S.A.
1273321 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for William GARRISON.
GARRISON, William wasborn ABT 1873 in Maryland and he wasinthe1920census in Baltimore City, Maryland, U.S.A.
1273322 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for William GARRISON.
GARRISON, William wasborn ABT 1881 in Texas and he wasinthe1910census in Kiowa County, Oklahoma, U.S.A.
1273323 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for William GARRISON.
GARRISON, William wasborn ABT 1887 in New Jersey and he wasinthe1910census in Monmouth County, New Jersey, U.S.A.
1273324 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for William GARRISON.
GARRISON, William wasborn ABT 1907 in Oklahoma and he wasinthe1920census in Kiowa County, Oklahoma, U.S.A.
1273325 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for William GARRISON.
GARRISON, William wasborn ABT 1920 in Garrison and wasinthe1920census in Kiowa County, Oklahoma, U.S.A.
1273326 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for William GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM who was 17 (born ABT 1949) married 13 MAR 1966 in LAMAR COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. abridenamed CAROL ROBERSON who was 17 (born ABT 1949).
1273327 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM who was 28 (born ABT 1953) married 16 JUN 1981 in HARRIS COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. abridenamed CLAUDINE SAFFOLD who was 20 (born ABT 1961).
1273328 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM ALTON wasborn 29 Dec 1918 in NORTH CAROLINA (child of MAY (mother)) died 15 Nov 1997 in HENNEPIN COUNTY, MINNESOTA, U.S.A.
1273329 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM J. wasborn 19 Jul 1957 (child of GEE (mother)) died 13 Mar 1984 in SCOTT COUNTY, MINNESOTA, U.S.A.
1273330 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM A married 13 Aug 1868 in MONTGOMERY COUNTY, ILLINOIS, U.S.A. abridenamed SARAH E CUMPTON.
1273331 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, William A (father) , and Mary E FLORA, hadababy, William L GARRISON born 1885 in Warren County, Ohio.
1273332 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for William GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM A who was 21 (born ABT 1950) married 11 JAN 1971 in HARRIS COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. abridenamed DEBORAH SHIPMAN who was 22 (born ABT 1949).
1273333 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM A. wasborn 02 July 1922, received Social Security number 465-18-7950 (indicating Texas) and, Death Master File says, died 29 December 2006
1273334 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM A. wasborn 02 March 1930, received Social Security number 496-32-7138 (indicating Missouri) and, Death Master File says, died 01 March 2002
1273335 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM A. wasborn 02 November 1913, received Social Security number 508-10-4918 (indicating Nebraska) and, Death Master File says, died 06 September 2012
1273336 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM A. wasborn 03 March 1922, received Social Security number 439-16-5836 (indicating Louisiana) and, Death Master File says, died 11 January 2004
1273337 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM A. wasborn 04 December 1920, received Social Security number 225-14-5763 (indicating Virginia) and, Death Master File says, died 20 August 1989
1273338 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM A. wasborn 05 November 1921, received Social Security number 261-20-5405 (indicating Florida) and, Death Master File says, died 11 December 1997
1273339 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM A. wasborn 07 August 1927, received Social Security number 039-09-1884 (indicating Rhode Island) and, Death Master File says, died 01 February 2009
1273340 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM A. wasborn 09 June 1919, received Social Security number 298-07-9757 (indicating Ohio) and, Death Master File says, died 05 July 1993
1273341 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM A. wasborn 11 April 1921, received Social Security number 393-14-1767 (indicating Wisconsin) and, Death Master File says, died 06 October 1991
1273342 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM A. wasborn 12 April 1924, received Social Security number 557-22-5629 (indicating California) and, Death Master File says, died 22 May 1997
1273343 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM A. wasborn 14 December 1888, received Social Security number 446-20-1170 (indicating Oklahoma) and, Death Master File says, died 22 August 1980
1273344 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM A. wasborn 15 July 1903, received Social Security number 500-05-8840 (indicating Missouri) and, Death Master File says, died 02 May 1994
1273345 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM A. wasborn 15 July 1927, received Social Security number 489-60-5625 (indicating Missouri) and, Death Master File says, died 25 May 2005
1273346 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM A. wasborn 17 April 1921, received Social Security number 218-18-1937 (indicating Maryland) and, Death Master File says, died 28 February 1999
1273347 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM A. wasborn 22 May 1923, received Social Security number 179-22-4596 (indicating Pennsylvania) and, Death Master File says, died 19 November 1990
1273348 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM A. wasborn 22 November 1905, received Social Security number 417-22-6764 (indicating Alabama) and, Death Master File says, died 07 March 1993
1273349 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM A. wasborn 23 August 1917, received Social Security number 168-07-7952 (indicating Pennsylvania) and, Death Master File says, died 14 July 1996
1273350 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM A. wasborn 28 August 1928, received Social Security number 448-30-1253 (indicating Oklahoma) and, Death Master File says, died 03 February 1983
1273351 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM A. wasborn 29 October 1915, received Social Security number 126-07-8904 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died 06 March 1995
1273352 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM B. married 11 Mar 1874 in Carroll County, Arkansas abridenamed MALIPA O. MYERS.
1273353 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, William B. wasborn ABT 1807 in S.C.; wasinthe1850census in Tippah County, Mississippi.
1273354 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for William GARRISON.
GARRISON, William B. wasborn ABT 1859 in Texas; wasinthe1860census in Wise County, Texas.
1273355 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for William GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM B married 1 Jan 1881 in ROCK ISLAND COUNTY, ILLINOIS, U.S.A. abridenamed ELLEN (DRENNEN) DRENNAN.
1273356 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM B. wasborn 07 April 1907, received Social Security number 150-07-3132 (indicating New Jersey) and, Death Master File says, died 29 March 1990
1273357 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM B. wasborn 10 August 1910, received Social Security number 225-03-0394 (indicating Virginia) and, Death Master File says, died 27 November 1998
1273358 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM B. wasborn 12 June 1927, received Social Security number 424-26-1620 (indicating Alabama) and, Death Master File says, died 15 March 1992
1273359 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM B. wasborn 20 September 1918, received Social Security number 411-26-8117 (indicating Tennessee) and, Death Master File says, died 06 November 2002
1273360 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM B. wasborn 26 September 1913, received Social Security number 258-09-9117 (indicating Georgia) and, Death Master File says, died 30 December 2003
1273361 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM B. wasborn 31 July 1945, received Social Security number 218-44-2272 (indicating Maryland) and, Death Master File says, died 10 June 2009
1273362 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, William C. wasborn ABT 1826 in Morgan Cty, Alabama; wasinthe1850census in Morgan County, Alabama.
1273363 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for William GARRISON.
GARRISON, William C. wasborn ABT 1884 in Arkansas and he wasinthe1910census in Mayes County, Oklahoma, U.S.A.
1273364 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for William GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM C married 26 Apr 1866 in JEFFERSON COUNTY, ILLINOIS, U.S.A. abridenamed MARY J NOEL.
1273365 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, William C wasborn ABT 1893 in Oklahoma and he wasinthe1920census in Kiowa County, Oklahoma, U.S.A.
1273366 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for William GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM C who was 18 (born ABT 1952) married 14 APR 1970 in DALLAS COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. abridenamed ADONICA G WITHERSPOON who was 16 (born ABT 1954).
1273367 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM C who was 21 (born ABT 1963) married 16 JUN 1984 in DENTON COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. abridenamed PATRICIA L COLESON who was 21 (born ABT 1963).
1273368 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM C who was 33 (born ABT 1958) married 30 NOV 1991 in TRAVIS COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. abridenamed ROSALYNN D GILL who was 30 (born ABT 1961).
1273369 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM C who was 35 (born ABT 1971) married 14 MAY 2006 in KAUFMAN COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. abridenamed AMY L LEFLORE who was 34 (born ABT 1972).
1273370 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM C who was 50 (born ABT 1928) married 28 OCT 1978 in DALLAS COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. abridenamed DORTHA E HALL who was 51 (born ABT 1927).
1273371 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM C who was 73 (born ABT 1928) married 13 NOV 2001 in KAUFMAN COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. abridenamed KATHY J GAULDEN who was 43 (born ABT 1958).
1273372 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM C, and his bride KATHY Jmarried, , and they had no children under 18 when they got divorced in DALLAS COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. on 1 FEB 2005.
1273373 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM C, born ABT 1929, and his bride PAULINE, born ABT 1931 married, , and they had one child under 18 when they got divorced in DALLAS COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. on 18 OCT 1978.
1273374 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM C, born ABT 1952, and his bride ADONICA G, born ABT 1953, married 14 APR 1970, and they had three children under 18 when they got divorced in DALLAS COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. on 21 NOV 1978.
1273375 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM C, born ABT 1963, and his bride PATRICIA L, born ABT 1962, married 16 JUN 1984, and they had one child under 18 when they got divorced in DENTON COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. on 26 JAN 1990.
1273376 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM C. wasborn 04 June 1916, received Social Security number 423-03-4902 (indicating Alabama) and, Death Master File says, died 24 March 2000
1273377 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM C. wasborn 05 April 1923, received Social Security number 496-18-2534 (indicating Missouri) and, Death Master File says, died 10 February 1988
1273378 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM C. wasborn 07 March 1928, received Social Security number 426-46-2514 (indicating Mississippi) and, Death Master File says, died 19 July 1994
1273379 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM C. wasborn 08 August 1907, received Social Security number 239-03-2527 (indicating North Carolina) and, Death Master File says, died 17 January 1999
1273380 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM C. wasborn 08 February 1918, received Social Security number 152-07-2621 (indicating New Jersey) and, Death Master File says, died 27 February 2002
1273381 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM C. wasborn 08 January 1910, received Social Security number 443-12-9483 (indicating Oklahoma) and, Death Master File says, died 16 October 1989
1273382 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM C. wasborn 10 February 1942, received Social Security number 284-34-2200 (indicating Ohio) and, Death Master File says, died 06 October 2013
1273383 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM C. wasborn 11 January 1922, received Social Security number 185-14-5843 (indicating Pennsylvania) and, Death Master File says, died 18 December 2013
1273384 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM C. wasborn 20 May 1929, received Social Security number 410-56-2278 (indicating Tennessee) and, Death Master File says, died 05 March 1999
1273385 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM C. wasborn 26 March 1953, received Social Security number 224-74-3267 (indicating Virginia) and, Death Master File says, died 12 April 2007
1273386 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM C. wasborn 28 November 1912, received Social Security number 412-14-9559 (indicating Tennessee) and, Death Master File says, died 21 January 1999
1273387 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM C. wasborn 29 August 1897, received Social Security number 417-01-1493 (indicating Alabama) and, Death Master File says, died 14 September 1992
1273388 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM C. wasborn 31 May 1911, received Social Security number 268-01-9335 (indicating Ohio) and, Death Master File says, died 03 November 1988
1273389 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM CALVIN wasborn 18 Apr 1870 in IDAHO;; died 7 May 1933 in YAVAPAI COUNTY, ARIZONA, U.S.A..
1273390 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, William Charles married in 1944 in Brooke abridenamed June Hummell.
1273391 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for William GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM C III who was 19 (born ABT 1971) married 19 MAR 1990 in ROCKWALL COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. abridenamed ELMA GARCIA who was 16 (born ABT 1974).
1273392 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM C JR who was 27 (born ABT 1955) married 28 AUG 1982 in NUECES COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. abridenamed ANGELITA GARCIA who was 25 (born ABT 1957).
1273393 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM C JR who was 32 (born ABT 1972) married 1 JAN 2004 in TRAVIS COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. abridenamed SHAUNNA L MORK who was 29 (born ABT 1975).
1273394 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM C JR who was 33 (born ABT 1971) married 25 SEP 2004 in TRAVIS COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. abridenamed SHAUNNA L MORK who was 29 (born ABT 1975).
1273395 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM C JR who was 36 (born ABT 1952) married 12 MAY 1988 in DALLAS COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. abridenamed TRACEY A VINCIK who was 23 (born ABT 1965).
1273396 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM C JR who was 47 (born ABT 1951) married 25 SEP 1998 in KAUFMAN COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. abridenamed KRISTY A HARDING who was 29 (born ABT 1969).
1273397 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, William D. married 31 Oct 1887 in Brooke County, West Virginia, U.S.A. abridenamed Grace D. Stewart.
1273398 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for William GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM D married 1 Apr 1889 in CASS COUNTY, ILLINOIS, U.S.A. abridenamed HATTIE HOOD.
1273399 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM D married 29 Jun 1852 in FRANKLIN COUNTY, ILLINOIS, U.S.A. abridenamed NANCY PEMBERTON.
1273400 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM D who was 21 (born ABT 1987) married 12 JUL 2008 in NUECES COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. abridenamed CHRISTA M RASOR who was 19 (born ABT 1989).
1273401 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM D who was 27 (born ABT 1964) married 14 FEB 1991 in LAMAR COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. abridenamed LESLIE CODY who was 30 (born ABT 1961).
1273402 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM D who was 28 (born ABT 1965) married 13 NOV 1993 in HARRIS COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. abridenamed DEBORA K ANDERSON who was 28 (born ABT 1965).
1273403 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM D who was 30 (born ABT 1964) married 30 SEP 1994 in LAMAR COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. abridenamed SHANNA D JOHNSON who was 25 (born ABT 1969).
1273404 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM D who was 30 (born ABT 1977) married 27 APR 2007 in TRAVIS COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. abridenamed SAMANTHA M JAMES who was 23 (born ABT 1984).
1273405 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM D who was 44 (born ABT 1964) married 10 OCT 2008 in LAMAR COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. abridenamed SHEILA D BALLARD who was 43 (born ABT 1965).
1273406 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM D who was 66 (born ABT 1917) married 16 SEP 1983 in DE WITT COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. abridenamed JENNIE M GARLANGER who was 63 (born ABT 1920).
1273407 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM D, born ABT 1964, and his bride LESLIE A, born ABT 1962, married 14 FEB 1991, and they had one child under 18 when they got divorced in LAMAR COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. on 11 OCT 1993.
1273408 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM D, born ABT 1965, and his bride SHANNA D, born ABT 1970, married 30 SEP 1994, and they had no children under 18 when they got divorced in LAMAR COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. on 28 MAY 2008.
1273409 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM D. wasborn 02 March 1917, received Social Security number 079-34-6992 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died 28 March 1999
1273410 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM D. wasborn 03 May 1902, received Social Security number 367-10-7512 (indicating Michigan) and, Death Master File says, died 02 March 1997
1273411 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM D. wasborn 04 January 1925, received Social Security number 396-18-3370 (indicating Wisconsin) and, Death Master File says, died 01 July 2004
1273412 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM D. wasborn 06 August 1934, received Social Security number 247-50-7427 (indicating South Carolina) and, Death Master File says, died 06 May 2000
1273413 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM D. wasborn 08 November 1916, received Social Security number 385-01-5484 (indicating Michigan) and, Death Master File says, died 03 June 2008
1273414 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM D. wasborn 14 May 1926, received Social Security number 113-16-3517 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died 20 February 1991
1273415 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM D. wasborn 14 September 1913, received Social Security number 049-01-8186 (indicating Connecticut) and, Death Master File says, died 06 August 1991
1273416 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM D. wasborn 15 January 1948, received Social Security number 564-72-4047 (indicating California) and, Death Master File says, died 27 November 1996
1273417 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM D. wasborn 22 March 1954, received Social Security number 424-76-8816 (indicating Alabama) and, Death Master File says, died 01 August 2008
1273418 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM D. wasborn 26 December 1953, received Social Security number 216-58-8184 (indicating Maryland) and, Death Master File says, died 18 August 1998
1273419 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM D. wasborn 27 February 1922, received Social Security number 509-12-0857 (indicating Kansas) and, Death Master File says, died 21 January 1992
1273420 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM D. wasborn 28 January 1904, received Social Security number 387-05-8716 (indicating Wisconsin) and, Death Master File says, died 18 April 1988
1273421 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM D. wasborn 29 October 1939, received Social Security number 215-36-5174 (indicating Maryland) and, Death Master File says, died 04 December 2011
1273422 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM D. wasborn 30 July 1931, received Social Security number 242-40-2804 (indicating North Carolina) and, Death Master File says, died 03 July 2001
1273423 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, William Denver married in 1950 in Kanawha, West Virginia, United States abridenamed Mildred Dorine Carder.
1273424 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for William GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM DONALD who was 30 in 2010 (born about 1980) married 27 April 2007 abridenamed SAMANTHA MARIE who was 25 in 2010 (born about 1985) on 27 April 2007 and they had one child under 18 when they got a divorce 14 March 2010 in TRAVIS COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A.
1273425 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM DOUGLAS who was 43 in 2009 (born about 1966) married 12 October 2008 abridenamed SHEILA D who was 43 in 2009 (born about 1966) on 12 October 2008 and they had no children under 18 when they got a divorce 3 September 2009 in LAMAR COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A.
1273426 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM E married 15 Jan 1873 in SCHUYLER COUNTY, ILLINOIS, U.S.A. abridenamed ELLENORA LEGG.
1273428 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM E married 19 May 1900 in WHITE COUNTY, ILLINOIS, U.S.A. abridenamed EFFIE J JOHNSON.
1273429 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM E married 29 Jun 1891 in JEFFERSON COUNTY, ILLINOIS, U.S.A. abridenamed LOUIE TIPTON.
1273430 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, William E wasborn ABT 1840 in Ark; wasinthe1850census in Crawford County, Arkansas.
1273431 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for William GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM E who was 20 (born ABT 1967) married 26 JUN 1987 in LAMAR COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. abridenamed SOPHIE B STACY who was 22 (born ABT 1965).
1273432 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM E who was 26 (born ABT 1951) married 4 NOV 1977 in HARRIS COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. abridenamed DIANE L STOUT who was 19 (born ABT 1958).
1273433 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM E who was 27 (born ABT 1949) married 29 MAY 1976 in LAMAR COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. abridenamed TAMMIE M HIGGINBOTHAM who was 17 (born ABT 1959).
1273434 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM E, born ABT 1927, and his bride BILLIE J, born ABT 1929, married 13 JUL 1966, and they had no children under 18 when they got divorced in BLANCO COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. on 10 FEB 1972.
1273435 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM E, born ABT 1933, and his bride NANCY L, born ABT 1937, married 22 JAN 1958, and they had two children under 18 when they got divorced in SMITH COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. on 11 DEC 1991.
1273436 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM E, born ABT 1948, and his bride LINDA F, born ABT 1947, married 27 OCT 1965, and they had two children under 18 when they got divorced in DALLAS COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. on 30 AUG 1971.
1273437 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM E, born ABT 1949, and his bride LYNDA M, born ABT 1954, married 3 SEP 1971, and they had no children under 18 when they got divorced in DALLAS COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. on 14 FEB 1972.
1273438 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM E, born ABT 1952, and his bride CHERYL A, born ABT 1950, married 14 JUN 1968, and they had one child under 18 when they got divorced in HARRIS COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. on 18 JUL 1973.
1273439 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM E, born ABT 1952, and his bride RHONDA A, born ABT 1953, married 10 JUL 1972, and they had one child under 18 when they got divorced in HARRIS COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. on 19 AUG 1981.
1273440 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM E. wasborn 01 August 1927, received Social Security number 512-20-6684 (indicating Kansas) and, Death Master File says, died 18 August 1996
1273441 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM E. wasborn 02 July 1948, received Social Security number 249-78-1582 (indicating South Carolina) and, Death Master File says, died 05 March 2007
1273442 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM E. wasborn 03 February 1938, received Social Security number 224-46-0116 (indicating Virginia) and, Death Master File says, died 19 April 2004
1273443 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM E. wasborn 04 February 1918, received Social Security number 440-01-6248 (indicating Oklahoma) and, Death Master File says, died 20 May 2004
1273444 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM E. wasborn 05 December 1926, received Social Security number 174-20-2608 (indicating Pennsylvania) and, Death Master File says, died 03 June 2010
1273445 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM E. wasborn 05 May 1897, received Social Security number 465-58-6675 (indicating Texas) and, Death Master File says, died 02 December 1989
1273446 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM E. wasborn 07 March 1912, received Social Security number 247-20-0835 (indicating South Carolina) and, Death Master File says, died 25 January 1994
1273447 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM E. wasborn 08 May 1904, received Social Security number 248-01-6554 (indicating South Carolina) and, Death Master File says, died 21 February 2000
1273448 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM E. wasborn 09 August 1925, received Social Security number 249-26-7001 (indicating South Carolina) and, Death Master File says, died 30 October 2006
1273449 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM E. wasborn 09 March 1952, received Social Security number 488-56-0438 (indicating Missouri) and, Death Master File says, died 22 December 2008
1273450 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM E. wasborn 10 February 1955, received Social Security number 141-50-0073 (indicating New Jersey) and, Death Master File says, died 11 December 2010
1273451 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM E. wasborn 10 January 1948, received Social Security number 438-66-5316 (indicating Louisiana) and, Death Master File says, died 17 November 2003
1273452 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM E. wasborn 10 May 1922, received Social Security number 137-18-6914 (indicating New Jersey) and, Death Master File says, died 02 August 2005
1273453 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM E. wasborn 12 March 1927, received Social Security number 231-20-5393 (indicating Virginia) and, Death Master File says, died 16 June 2007
1273454 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM E. wasborn 13 May 1924, received Social Security number 289-16-8981 (indicating Ohio) and, Death Master File says, died 04 July 1993
1273455 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM E. wasborn 14 May 1920, received Social Security number 367-14-1701 (indicating Michigan) and, Death Master File says, died 10 October 1999
1273456 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM E. wasborn 15 August 1928, received Social Security number 385-24-8166 (indicating Michigan) and, Death Master File says, died 18 August 2000
1273457 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM E. wasborn 16 October 1915, received Social Security number 224-60-5339 (indicating Virginia) and, Death Master File says, died 09 April 1995
1273458 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM E. wasborn 18 April 1920, received Social Security number 118-09-1775 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died 10 December 1993
1273459 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM E. wasborn 19 May 1935, received Social Security number 423-42-5783 (indicating Alabama) and, Death Master File says, died 17 April 2008
1273460 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM E. wasborn 19 May 1943, received Social Security number 060-34-5577 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died 07 August 2000
1273461 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM E. wasborn 19 November 1915, received Social Security number 442-18-4274 (indicating Oklahoma) and, Death Master File says, died 11 July 1996
1273462 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM E. wasborn 23 August 1920, received Social Security number 570-09-2878 (indicating California) and, Death Master File says, died 24 August 2006
1273463 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM E. wasborn 24 March 1904, received Social Security number 258-44-4440 (indicating Georgia) and, Death Master File says, died 05 December 2004
1273464 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM E. wasborn 24 May 1943, received Social Security number 242-68-2633 (indicating North Carolina) and, Death Master File says, died 01 July 2000
1273465 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM E. wasborn 25 April 1911, received Social Security number 157-09-7018 (indicating New Jersey) and, Death Master File says, died 16 December 1989
1273466 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM E. wasborn 28 June 1919, received Social Security number 359-01-9716 (indicating Illinois) and, Death Master File says, died 26 July 1993
1273467 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM EARL who was 17 (born ABT 1951) married 14 JUN 1968 in HARRIS COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. abridenamed CHERYL ANN LOTT who was 18 (born ABT 1950).
1273468 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM E II, born ABT 1951, and his bride MARY A, born ABT 1954, married 11 FEB 1972, and they had no children under 18 when they got divorced in BELL COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. on 1 JUN 1973.
1273469 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM E III who was 23 (born ABT 1955) married 18 MAR 1978 in WICHITA COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. abridenamed MARY L CUNNINGHAM who was 24 (born ABT 1954).
1273470 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM E JR who was 29 (born ABT 1973) married 22 APR 2002 in HARRIS COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. abridenamed MELISSA L GARZA who was 27 (born ABT 1975).
1273471 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, William F. married 14 Aug 1927 in Harper County, Kansas abridenamed Geneva Smott.
1273472 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for William GARRISON.
GARRISON, William F. wasborn in 1861; died 1936; and wasburied 22 Sep 1936 in Wichita, Sedgwick County, Kansas.
1273473 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for William GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM F married 30 Jun 1872 in PIATT COUNTY, ILLINOIS, U.S.A. abridenamed SARAH J CLAUTON.
1273474 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM F who was 37 (born ABT 1946) married 8 JUL 1983 in DALLAS COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. abridenamed KATHY L SCHARLOCH who was 31 (born ABT 1952).
1273475 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM F, born ABT 1945, and his bride KATHY L, born ABT 1952, married 8 JUL 1983, and they had no children under 18 when they got divorced in DALLAS COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. on 13 DEC 1983.
1273476 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM F, born ABT 1945, and his bride ROBERTA A, born ABT 1943, married 28 MAY 1966, and they had no children under 18 when they got divorced in VAN ZANDT COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. on 4 APR 1973.
1273477 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM F, born ABT 1948, and his bride GWENDOLYN, born ABT 1948, married 5 SEP 1970, and they had one child under 18 when they got divorced in DALLAS COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. on 6 JAN 1983.
1273478 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM F. wasborn 01 February 1939, received Social Security number 509-34-1409 (indicating Kansas) and, Death Master File says, died 23 February 2004
1273479 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM F. wasborn 01 March 1918, received Social Security number 453-03-4299 (indicating Texas) and, Death Master File says, died 03 April 1994
1273480 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM F. wasborn 03 April 1928, received Social Security number 442-24-7140 (indicating Oklahoma) and, Death Master File says, died 20 October 1995
1273481 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM F. wasborn 07 February 1929, received Social Security number 402-40-0814 and, Death Master File says, died 13 May 1991
1273482 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM F. wasborn 09 September 1925, received Social Security number 235-24-9752 (indicating West Virginia) and, Death Master File says, died 29 November 2002
1273483 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM F. wasborn 18 September 1924, received Social Security number 053-24-9024 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died 02 September 1997
1273484 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM F. wasborn 20 February 1926, received Social Security number 257-26-7264 (indicating Georgia) and, Death Master File says, died 28 March 1990
1273485 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM F. wasborn 20 October 1915, received Social Security number 337-09-8171 (indicating Illinois) and, Death Master File says, died 03 July 1991
1273486 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM F. wasborn 22 December 1942, received Social Security number 152-34-0601 (indicating New Jersey) and, Death Master File says, died 24 December 2005
1273487 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM F. wasborn 22 July 1909, received Social Security number 521-03-9328 (indicating Colorado) and, Death Master File says, died 12 July 1996
1273488 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, William Franklin married in 1949 in Brooke abridenamed Charlotte Lorraine Goodall.
1273489 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for William GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM FRANKLIN wasborn 8 Sep 1892;; died 26 Nov 1956 in PIMA COUNTY, ARIZONA, U.S.A..
1273490 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM FREDERICK who was 21 (born ABT 1945) married 28 MAY 1966 in HIDALGO COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. abridenamed ROBERTA ANN HARBOUR who was 24 (born ABT 1942).
1273491 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM G married 19 Mar 1874 in MORGAN COUNTY, ILLINOIS, U.S.A. abridenamed LAURA E HOLIDAY.
1273492 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM G married in 1971 in Grand Traverse County, Michigan, U.S.A. abridenamed DEBRA S GARLAND.
1273493 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM G who was 23 (born ABT 1955) married 25 NOV 1978 in DENTON COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. abridenamed DONNA J DUCKWORTH who was 21 (born ABT 1957).
1273494 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM G who was 26 (born ABT 1950) married 9 JUL 1976 in DALLAS COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. abridenamed REBECCA S THOMAS who was 20 (born ABT 1956).
1273495 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM G who was 29 (born ABT 1961) married 15 SEP 1990 in HARRIS COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. abridenamed DIANA K WORDEN who was 22 (born ABT 1968).
1273496 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM G, born ABT 1950, and his bride REBECCA S, born ABT 1956, married 9 JUL 1976, and they had one child under 18 when they got divorced in DALLAS COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. on 21 JUN 1988.
1273497 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM G. wasborn 03 December 1927, received Social Security number 257-30-3402 (indicating Georgia) and, Death Master File says, died 12 December 2005
1273498 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM G. wasborn 15 March 1918, received Social Security number 113-03-0944 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died 21 October 1989
1273499 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM G. wasborn 16 February 1917, received Social Security number 223-16-4958 (indicating Virginia) and, Death Master File says, died 02 December 2002
1273500 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM G. wasborn 21 April 1930, received Social Security number 300-28-4287 (indicating Ohio) and, Death Master File says, died 22 July 1999
1273501 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM G. wasborn 22 January 1918, received Social Security number 142-18-8542 (indicating New Jersey) and, Death Master File says, died 20 December 1998
1273502 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM G. wasborn 24 July 1919, received Social Security number 459-24-7229 (indicating Texas) and, Death Master File says, died 25 June 2004
1273503 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM G. wasborn 26 July 1928, received Social Security number 172-22-2863 (indicating Pennsylvania) and, Death Master File says, died 21 April 2011
1273504 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM G. wasborn 30 November 1935, received Social Security number 425-66-6070 (indicating Mississippi) and, Death Master File says, died 03 June 2004
1273505 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM G. wasborn 30 October 1915, received Social Security number 108-10-8467 (indicating New York) and, Death Master File says, died 23 May 2002
1273506 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON, WILLIAM GRAHAM who was 23 (born ABT 1945) married 27 JUL 1968 in TARRANT COUNTY, TEXAS, U.S.A. abridenamed SUSAN MCMAINS who was 21 (born ABT 1947).
1273510 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for WILLIAM GARRISON.
GARRISON , William H.? (father) , and Maria born in Harwich, hadababy, [no given name shown] GARRISON born 16 APR 1864 in Harwich, Barnstable County, Massachusetts.
1273511 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for , GARRISON.
GARRISON, William H. married in 1868 in Warren County, Ohio abridenamed Laura DEVELVISS.
1273512 Check the source file (free) and then check Archives
for William GARRISON.
Volunteers have worked tirelessly to transcribe old records, to make them
available for free to anybody who has a computer and modem. Trouble is,
if you already know it, you dont need it, and if you dont know it,
you cant find it. You wont find your great aunt on the
Left Overshoe County, East Dakota Deaths, 1889 unless you
know the county and year. This site hopes to help solve that problem by
linking to transcription entries, sorted by name. Some detail on this site
may help you determine if its the same Maddalena OReilly as the
one on your family tree.
Attention irate copyright holders: Click Here
|
Opinion issued May 20, 2005
In The
Court of Appeals
For The
First District of Texas
NO. 01-00-01163-CV
NO. 01-00-01169-CV
MALCOMSON ROAD UTILITY DISTRICT, Appellant
V.
FRANK GEORGE NEWSOM, Appellee
On Appeal from the County Civil Court At Law No. 3
Harris County, Texas
Trial Court Cause Nos. 691,631 & 691,632
DISSENTING OPINION ON REHEARING
I agree with the majority that Hubenak II requires us to apply the summary
judgment standard of review to the trial court’s rulings on each of the statutory
requirements for condemnation, including the unable-to-agree requirement. Applying
this standard, I agree with the majority that the District conclusively proved that the
parties were unable to agree on damages before the filing of suit. I also agree that the
District carried its constitutional burden of proving that the taking was for a public
use. See Tex. Water Code Ann. § 54.201(a), (b)(3) (Vernon Supp. 2004-2005)
(delegating to utility districts power of eminent domain to “gather, conduct, divert,
and control local storm water or other local harmful excesses of water”); Housing
Auth. of the City of Dallas v. Higginbotham, 143 S.W.2d 79, 83 (Tex. 1940)
(legislative determination that project is for public use is binding unless use is
“clearly and palpably” private). However, because I believe the majority has imposed
an improperly high standard of review on a utility district’s determination of the
necessity of a taking for public use, and has therefore denied the District judgment
to which it is entitled in law, I respectfully dissent.
As the majority states, a condemning authority’s discretion to condemn land
for a public purpose is nearly absolute, and the courts will not review the exercise of
that authority without a showing that the condemnor acted fraudulently, in bad faith,
or arbitrarily and capriciously. See Ludewig v. Houston Pipeline Co., 773 S.W.2d
610, 614 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 1989, writ denied); Bradford v. Magnolia Pipe
Line Co., 262 S.W.2d 242, 246 (Tex. Civ. App.—Eastland 1953, no writ); Meaney
v. Nueces County Navigation Dist. No. 1, 222 S.W.2d 402, 405 (Tex. Civ. App.—San
Antonio 1949, writ ref’d); Jones v. City of Mineola, 203 S.W.2d 1020, 1022 (Tex.
Civ. App.—Texarkana 1947, writ ref’d). A condemnation determination is arbitrary
and capricious when it is “willful and unreasoning action, action without
consideration and in disregard of the facts or circumstances [that] existed at the time
condemnation was decided upon, or within the foreseeable future.” Wagoner v. City
of Arlington, 345 S.W.2d 759, 763 (Tex. Civ. App.—Fort Worth 1961, writ ref’d
n.r.e.). Thus, to resist summary judgment, Newsom, as condemnee, had the burden
to establish that the condemnation of his property was not for an authorized public
use or was willful and unreasoning and made in disregard of the facts. As the
majority puts it, “[T]o show that the District acted arbitrarily and capriciously,
Newsom had to negate any reasonable basis for determining what and how much land
to condemn for the pond and the ditch expansion.” Malcomson Rd. Util. Dist. v.
Newsom, Nos. 01-00-01163-CV & 01-00-01169-CV, slip op. at 22 (Tex.
App.—Houston [1st Dist.] May 20, 2005, no pet. h.); see Wagoner, 345 S.W.2d. at
763 (noting that non-movant landowner could “have raised the issue [of arbitrariness]
only if it was unquestionably established in the evidence that there could have been
no actual public necessity for the [condemning authority] to seek the land in question
for [authorized public] purposes”) (emphasis added).
The majority acknowledges that
[r]egarding the pond, a land planner testified for the District that,
as HCFCD had concluded, a pond was necessary. Santasiero’s
engineer, Newsom’s engineer, and Newsom’s land planner agreed
that a detention pond was necessary, but did not specify a
location. HCFCD did not require that the pond be placed on
Newsom’s property, but Ray Zobel, president of the District’s
board, testified that the board selected Newsom’s property for the
pond because that location would have allowed Villagio to have
more homes, thus increasing the tax base more than if Newsom
had been allowed to develop his own land.
Regarding the ditch expansion, an engineer and a land
planner testified for the District that, as HCFCD had concluded,
the project was necessary. Newsom’s own land planner agreed
that HCFCD “would prudently require” the ditch expansion. The
existing ditch ran along the eastern boundary of Newsom’s
northern tract of land. The only direction in which the ditch could
be expanded was westward, onto Newsom’s property, because the
land to the east of the ditch had already been developed.
Malcomson, Nos. 01-00-01163-CV & 01-00-01169-CV, slip op. at 28. The District
thus presented evidence both that there was an actual necessity for the condemnation
of Newsom’s land for an authorized public use and that there was a reasonable basis
for condemning the land. Newsom produced no evidence that showed this testimony
to be fraudulent or given in bad faith.
The majority, however, places a burden on the District to go behind the
evidence showing public necessity and a reasonable basis for the condemnation
decision, to refuse to accept the testimony of persons whose interests are adverse to
the landowner as sufficient, and to require its own engineers to confirm not just the
necessity for the taking—here for the ditch and the pond—but also the necessity of
condemning this ditch and this pond as opposed to any other. In addition, the
majority imposes the burden on the District to consider and investigate the scope of
the taking, specifically to investigate whether the right-of-way for a drainage ditch
such be taken in fee simple or by easement. The majority concludes that “the above
evidence raises a fact issue on whether the District declined to exercise its discretion
in determining whose land to condemn for the pond and in deciding whether to
condemn Newsom’s land in easement or in fee for the ditch expansion,” thus raising
a fact issue “on whether the District reached its condemnation decisions arbitrarily
and capriciously or by abusing its discretion.” Malcomson, Nos. 01-00-01163-CV
& 01-00-01169-CV, slip op. at 31. I cannot agree.
First, the majority’s conclusion is not supported by the language of the
governing statute. There is no requirement in the governing statute, section 49.222(a)
of the Water Code, that the District determine whose land to condemn—only that it
determine on an evidentiary basis that the condemnation is for a public purpose. See
Tex. Water Code Ann. § 49.222(a) (Vernon 2000). Nor is there any requirement
that the condemnor investigate whether to condemn land in easement or in fee and
provide evidence for its determination; rather, the power to elect to condemn either
in fee simple or in easement is expressly given to the condemning authority. See id.
In both cases, the language of the statute under which the District sought to condemn
Newsom’s property is plain:
A district . . . may acquire by condemnation any land, easements,
or other property inside or outside the district boundaries . . .
necessary for water, sanitary sewer, storm drainage, or flood
drainage or control purposes or for any other of its projects or
purposes, and may elect to condemn either the fee simple title or
a lesser property interest.
Tex. Water Code Ann. § 49.222(a) (emphasis added); see also id. § 49.218(a)-(c)
(Vernon Supp. 2004-2005) (granting districts right to purchase land or interest in land
considered necessary for districts’ purposes).
Second, the majority’s holding conflicts with established authority. See
Ludewig, 773 S.W.2d at 614–15 (holding landowners’ evidence that condemnor
could have adopted plans circumventing landowners’ property or determined size of
easement differently was no evidence of arbitrary or capricious behavior where there
was reasonable basis for determination); Wagoner, 345 S.W.2d at 763 (holding,
“When the use for which property is sought under authority of the statutes of eminent
domain is an authorized public use, the necessity or expediency of condemning any
particular property is not a subject of judicial cognizance”) (emphasis added);
Meaney, 222 S.W.2d at 408 (holding where district had statutory authority to
condemn fee title, determination whether to take fee rather than easement was
primarily for commissioners; in absence of showing that determination was induced
by fraud or was wholly arbitrary and founded on no adequate determining principal,
district’s decision was final); Hardwicke v. City of Lubbock, 150 S.W.3d 708, 716–17
(Tex. App.—Amarillo 2004, no pet.) (holding where there was room for two opinions
as to necessity of condemning specific properties for redevelopment, action of zoning
authority was not arbitrary and capricious).
I believe the holding of this court improperly heightens the burden on the
District in establishing the necessity of condemning property for an authorized public
purpose and is contrary to the plain language of the statute the District relied on to
condemn Newsom’s property, section 49.222(a) of the Water Code, and to authority
interpreting the condemnation power. I also believe that Newsom failed to bear his
burden of proof that the District acted fraudulently, in bad faith, or arbitrarily and
capriciously in condemning a portion of his property. Therefore, I respectfully
dissent. I would hold that the District carried its summary judgment burden of
showing the necessity of the taking for an authorized public use and that Newsom
failed to raise a fact issue as to the propriety of the taking.
Conclusion
I would reverse the district court’s judgment denying the District’s motion for
summary judgment, reverse the judgment granting Newsom’s motion for summary
judgment and awarding him attorney’s fees and possession of the property and
improvements on it, render partial summary judgment for the District, and remand for
further proceedings in accordance with this opinion.
Evelyn V. Keyes
Justice
Panel consists of Justices Taft, Keyes, and Higley.
Justice Keyes, dissenting.
|
Emergency declaration allows for broad coordination of state agencies to respond to outbreak
WILMINGTON, Del. – Governor John Carney on Thursday issued a State of Emergency declaration to prepare for the spread of Coronavirus (COVID-19). The State of Emergency directs the Delaware Emergency Management Agency (DEMA) and the Delaware Department of Health & Social Services’ Division of Public Health to mobilize state agency resources to assist with Delaware’s response to the virus.
The declaration becomes effective at 8:00 a.m. on Friday, March 13, 2020.
Governor Carney’s emergency declaration also:
Requires the Delaware National Guard to take precautionary and responsive actions to assist with Delaware’s response to the coronavirus;
Advises event organizers in Delaware to cancel non-essential public gatherings of 100 people or more, to prevent community spread of coronavirus;
Allows the State of Delaware to conduct public meetings electronically to prevent unnecessary public gatherings;
Prohibits price gouging, or an excessive price increase of goods or services, during the coronavirus outbreak.
“We are taking this situation extremely seriously,” said Governor Carney. “We have been expecting positive cases in Delaware, and for the last two months we have prepared our state’s response in close coordination with the experts at the Delaware Division of Public Health and the Delaware Emergency Management Agency. Today’s emergency declaration will make sure we have the authority and resources necessary to effectively prevent the spread of this virus.
“There are things every Delawarean can do to stay healthy. Wash your hands. Cover your cough. Stay home from work or school if you are sick. It’s especially important for at-risk populations, specifically elderly Delawareans, to avoid large gatherings. And we’re advising Delaware organizations to cancel large, non-essential public events to prevent community spread of the coronavirus. We will continue to respond aggressively to this situation in close coordination with state and federal public health experts.”
Governor Carney’s emergency declaration WILL NOT:
Require schools or businesses to close their facilities;
Implement any driving restrictions in Delaware;
Close state office buildings.
On Wednesday, Governor Carney and the Delaware Department of Human Resources issued guidance to state employees about coronavirus and potential impacts on the state workforce. Full-time and casual/seasonal state employees may be eligible for 14 or 30 days of Paid Emergency Leave if they are forced to miss work due to a coronavirus impact, or to care for a family member.
Costs related to diagnostic testing for coronavirus (COVID-19) will be waived for Delaware families who are covered by the state’s health plan.
Delawareans with questions about COVID-19 or their exposure risk can call the Division of Public Health’s Coronavirus Call Center at 1-866-408-1899 or TTY at 1-800-232-5460 from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Monday through Friday, or email DPHCall@delaware.gov.
For the latest on Delaware’s response, visit de.gov/coronavirus.
###
Click here to read the State of Emergency declaration.
|
Anterior cruciate ligament bundle measurement by MRI.
An accurate in vivo method of measuring dimensions of the anteromedial (AM) and posterolateral (PL) anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) bundles has not been established. The purpose of this study was to measure each individual bundle using double oblique axial MR imaging of the ACL, to compare this with cadaveric measurements, and to investigate the range of measurements seen in normal subjects. In five cadaveric knees, measurements obtained of the proximal, middle, and distal segments of each ACL bundle from double oblique axial MR images were compared with direct measurements following anatomical dissection. Thereafter, the size of both bundles from 24 normal knees was measured using an identical MR technique. Inter-observer variation was calculated using intraclass correlation. ACL bundle measurement in the cadaveric knees had a strong correlation (r = 0.93) with measurements obtained following anatomical dissection. No significant difference existed between measurements obtained from cadaveric knees and living normal subjects (p > 0.05). Interobserver correlation for MR measurements was excellent (R = 0.92-0.93). Overall, the long and short axis of the AM bundle were significantly larger than those of the PL bundle (p < 0.05). Also, men showed significantly larger AM and PL bundles than women (p < 0.05). Bundle size was not related to age or knee dominance. The individual ACL bundles can be accurately measured on double oblique axial MR imaging. The AM bundle is larger in caliber than the PL bundle. Both bundles are larger in men than in women and there is no significant side-to side difference.
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.