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WASHINGTON — President Donald Trump on Friday criticized the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for being ill-prepared to test for the coronavirus and he blamed former President Barack Obama for the situation.
"For decades the @CDCgov looked at, and studied, its testing system, but did nothing about it. It would always be inadequate and slow for a large scale pandemic, but a pandemic would never happen, they hoped. President Obama made changes that only complicated things further," he wrote.
For decades the @CDCgov looked at, and studied, its testing system, but did nothing about it. It would always be inadequate and slow for a large scale pandemic, but a pandemic would never happen, they hoped. President Obama made changes that only complicated things further..... — Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) March 13, 2020
In a follow-up tweet, Trump continued his broadside: "Their response to H1N1 Swine flu was a full scale disaster, with thousands dying, and nothing meaningful done to fix the testing problem, until now. The changes have been made and testing will soon happen on a very large scale basis. All Red Tape has been cut, ready to go!"
.... Their response to H1N1 Swine Flu was a full scale disaster, with thousands dying, and nothing meaningful done to fix the testing problem, until now. The changes have been made and testing will soon happen on a very large scale basis. All Red Tape has been cut, ready to go! — Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) March 13, 2020
Let our news meet your inbox. The news and stories that matters, delivered weekday mornings. This site is protected by recaptcha
During the announcement on Friday afternoon that he would be declaring a national emergency, Trump again assigned blame to others.
"No, I don't take responsibility at all," he said about the delays. "Because we were given a set of circumstances."
On Thursday, Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, testified at a House hearing that the U.S. has failed to meet the capacity for testing.
"The system is not really geared to what we need right now," he said. “That is a failing. Let's admit it."
Two issues have led to the slow process in testing for COVID-19, the disease caused by the coronavirus. One was that the CDC had initially put out narrow guidelines for who could be considered for testing. Those criteria were eventually expanded and so far about 11,000 specimens have been tested, according to the agency. South Korea, on the other hand, has been testing nearly 20,000 people each day for the disease, according to reports.
There were also technical issues with the test kits in which they tested for more than just the coronavirus, and the glitch affected the integrity of the kit.
Trump tweeted Thursday that "Sleepy Joe Biden was in charge of the H1N1 epidemic which killed thousands of people," and said that "the response was one of the worst on record."
Biden campaign spokesman Andrew Bates responded that Trump should focus on fighting the current outbreak instead of "desperately tweeting lies about the Obama-Biden Administration."
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Summary
=======
Aortic pulse wave velocity is altered by normal aging, as well as vessel wall pathology. We evaluated aortic compliance and its relationship to age in normals and patients with heart failure.
Background
==========
Aortic compliance (AC) can be evaluated noninvasively and its reduction with aortic pathology and age in normals has been demonstrated with both MRI and Doppler echo methods. Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV), a measurement of the flow pulse traveling along aorta as a surrogate for AC, can be assessed using a single breath-hold phase contrast (PC) imaging technique. Congestive heart failure is often associated with a chronic cardiac remodeling process in which the myocardium either cannot eject blood very well (systolic heart failure); or the myocardium is stiff and ventricular chambers do not fill with blood easily (diastolic heart failure). We hypothesize that aortic stiffness is increased in the CHF population and its age dependency differs from that in normals.
Methods
=======
As normal controls, 196 healthy volunteers gave informed consent (96 male, age: 61.3±14.2) and were screened to exclude hypertension, hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular disease. Twenty two CHF patients had been referred for clinical CMR study with LVEF \< 55%. Using the 'candy cane' view of aorta, an axial plane through the ascending and descending aorta at the pulmonary artery level was prescribed and a through-plane velocity encoded PC cine imaging was acquired with VENC of 150 cm/s, TR/TE/FA = 98ms/2.9ms/15° and voxel spatial resolution 1.3×2×6 mm3 on a 1.5T MRI scanner. The distance traveled by the aortic pulse wave, ΔD, was determined as the distance along the center line between the axial sections as imaged in the 'candy cane' image. For flow pulse onset, the cross correlation between the first halves of the ascending and descending aortic flow curves was calculated by varying the relative time shift between them. The Δt was the time shift at the maximal correlation. We then calculated PWV=ΔD/Δt. Linear regression was used to determine the relationships between PWV and age at both groups.
Results
=======
PWV in CHF and in normals correlate with age, as shown in the Figure as left graph and right graph of scatter plots, respectively. The linear regression in normals is: PWV (m/s) = -5.548 + 0.2601\*Age; while in CHF patients: PWV (m/s) = -1.277 + 0.1879\*age; However, the relationship is stronger in normals. Young and elderly patients with CHF had lower PWV than normals, likely due to reduced stroke volume and blood pressure in the CHF group.
{#F1}
{#F2}
Conclusions
===========
Aortic stiffness increases with age in CHF patients, but the slope seems to differ from CHF patients to normals.
Funding
=======
None.
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Tuesday, November 25, 2008
Designing the Second State
In this part of our project, the designer is planning on adding some more elements to our wireframe to begin to flesh out the experience design (XD) of the application. In the iPhone and Dashboard versions of the weather widget, the 'back side' of the application has a function to choose which cities you'd like to track the weather for. Our designer decides to begin with this part of the app.
In Flash Catalyst, our designer opens up the .fxp file and creates a new blank state by clicking on the 'New Blank Slate' button in the Pages/States panel. Interface elements are placed in the new state and a state title of 'chooseCity' is given to this second state. In the chooseCity state the user is presented with a list of current cities that are being tracked in a scrolling list. Each item in this list has the name of the city and a button to remove the city from the list. There is also a button to add a new city at the top of the interface as well as a button to go back to the previous view. All of the UI elements are placed on the stage.
Next, our designer realizes that the scrolling list will have more than one city listed for a typical user. Since the items in the list will be similar, he decides to make this a Custom Component... good call! We create the custom component in the same way we created the dayComponent in the first part - select all the items for the component (remove button, city title, surrounding box) and click on the 'Convert Artwork to Component > Custom/Generic Component' in the heads up display (HUD).
Now that our second state wireframe is complete, we'll build the transition from one state to the next. For those of you that attended MAX in San Francisco and were lucky enough to get into the hands-on lab with Catalyst, you'll recognize the transition we're going to build. It is a rotational transition that makes the application flip over like a card to show the 'back side' of the app. This is the same transition that Apple uses on the iPhone and in Dashboard.
Begin by having the Timeline panel viewable - double clicking on the tab works if it's collapsed. Because we had Auto Effects for New Transitions checked by default in Flash Catalyst (it's in the Timelines menu) you should see some standard fade transitions between the 2 states. All the way to the left in the Timeline panel you will see 2 State Transitions - View City > Choose City and Choose City > View City. These represent the names of the 2 view states we've defined so far. We added 2 actions to each state transition - Rotate 3D - by clicking on the row for the item to be transitions (city and cityListGroup) and then clicking on the 'Add Action > Rotate 3D' button. We then selected each Rotate transition and changed the values to the ones in the diagrams below in the HUD. For the second state transition (the one that goes back to the viewCity state) we just reversed the order of the transitions.
To trigger the interactivity for the transitions, our designer selects the round button in the first state, and adds a transition to second state interaction. On the second state, the back button is selected and an interaction is set to go back to the first state. If you run the application, you will see a transition like the one below. (click image to play movie)
Handoff to the Developer
The designer is satisfied with the transitions and basic wireframe positioning of elements and saves his .fxp and hands off to the developer again. Our developer realizes that some changes have been made to our project with a warning presented to him in Gumbo on import of our updated .fxp file. He accepts the changes as none are critical to the functionality already built.
The first thing our developer does is to rename the newCustomComponent that our designer created in Catalyst - I'm hoping that Catalyst will allow you to declare class names in the future so as not to require that as part of the workflow - so that our naming conventions are consistent with one another.
After digging into the created code a bit, our developer realizes that the button component that our designer created to transition from state 1 to state 2 is just 'floating' in state 1 and not part of a group or custom component. He thinks that might not be the best way to have this button represented and decides to place it into the group on state 1. The problem is, when doing this, it becomes difficult to access the state transition that occurs 1 level up in the display list chain. There is no event that would allow us to track this user interaction so a custom event class is created: FlipEvent.
Our developer opens the cityComponent class and adds a few lines of code to include the new custom FlipEvent we've created. He ties that to the button - hmm, gotta' rename that button ;) - which triggers a function to dispatch our new event.
Because our cityComponent is now set up to dispatch our 'flip' event, we can listen for that event in our application! In the weatherWidget_2 file, we add some code to listen for the event to be triggered. Rather than setting up a function to be called to switch the states of the app, we're using a shorthand for that by using the {} with our expression embedded in it to switch the currentState property.
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According to the Pacific Business Journal report, a ruling has recently been issued by the Hawaii Public Utilities Commission (PUC) that aims to halt the state’s current metering program. The ruling hopes to approve two newly developed programs for any customers who are looking to install solar, self and grid-supply options. These new options will compensate customers at a new fixed rate but only if they are actively supplying power back to the grid. They must provide customers with a minimum bill if they do not.
Hawaii is pushing towards its goal of using 100% renewable energy by 2045.
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-Vince said there was no point in dwelling on their performance "or lack of it." He added, "We do know what we're doing, by the way." Vince spoke of WrestleMania 29 being the highest grossing WrestleMania to date.
Vince spoke about getting into the reality show business. "We think we do it well and we think we have something under our belt to prove we do it well," he said regarding Total Divas. He indicated that they hope to do more in the reality television genre.
-McMahon spoke about WWE proving via PG programming that they are a safe environment to be associated with. He spoke about Kmart and other business partners.
-Regarding the app and other social media, Vince said they are teaching the television audience how to watch television all over again. He said others in entertainment will try to do the same thing but no one does it like they do.
-Vince spoke about the WWE Performance Center. He praised the talent they have in the developmental system.
-Barrios ran through the financial report presentation. He spoke about the television rights fees improvement and once again touted Total Divas.
-The Fan Axxess event added 2.3 million to the live events revenue.
-Revenue for The Call won't be available until later in the year. They expect to see a profit of $5.9 million off of a $1 million investment.
-Barrios said the cash flow was down due to an $11 million increase in management compensation.
-Barrios said their market research is favorable for the WWE Network. He said that over the next 18 months, they expect to renegotiate their largest television rights fees in the U.S., UK, and India.
-They opened up the phone lines for questions. The first caller asked for an update regarding the WWE Network and their approach. Vince said all options are open to them. He said the rights fees coming up could be tied to the network.
-The topic of rising ticket prices was brought up and they were asked whether they are driving some fans away. Barrios said the increases come at the premium seating level, whereas the lowest ticket prices have remained the same.
-A caller asked Vince to step back and speak about what he's learned regarding the film industry over the last few years. Vince said they've tried a lot of models and they feel they have the right model now. He also praised Michael Luisi, who is heading up the division. Vince said the division is making money for them now and broadens the WWE brand. The caller said it feels better to have the WWE talent in secondary roles. Vince said that talent can be the stars of straight to DVD. He said he hopes that the talent has strong supporting roles in the theatrical releases while they learn how to become the stars.
-The caller noted the "ridiculous" programming fees that are being paid for low level sporting events and questioned how WWE couldn't double what they get from USA Network for Raw. Vince said the caller answered his own question and feels they are poised
-A caller asked a question about Rock's pay for WrestleMania 29, but they said they didn't want to get into who was paid what.
-Vince said they get closer with the network each quarter.
-Barrios said that when you factor in everything, including Fan Axxess, WrestleMania profits were down roughly $1 million.
-A caller asked about the cost of the WWE Performance Center and the talent costs. Barrios said the spending happened predominantly in the first half of the year. He estimated between 50 and 100 developmental talents.
-Vince said he would allow a caller to put a hammerlock on him if they don't deliver in their negotiations for improved television programming fees. The call wrapped up shortly thereafter.
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Quintus Mucius Scaevola
Quintus Mucius Scaevola, also called Augur (died 88 bc), prominent Roman jurist. He was the cousin of Quintus Mucius Scaevola Pontifex, who founded the scientific study of Roman law.
Instructed in law by his father and in philosophy by the stoicPanaetius of Rhodes, Scaevola became governor of the province of Asia about 120. Although accused of extortion on his return to Rome, he defended himself successfully and was elected consul in 117. He developed a high regard for the powerful general Gaius Marius and voted against Sulla’s motion to declare Marius a public enemy (88). In his last years Scaevola taught law to Cicero, who became one of Rome’s greatest orators. Scaevola is one of the interlocutors in Cicero’s De oratore (“On Oratory”), De amicitia (“On Friendship”), and De republica (“On the Republic”).
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# frozen_string_literal: true
module Krane
class DeployTaskConfigValidator < TaskConfigValidator
def initialize(protected_namespaces, prune, *arguments)
super(*arguments)
@protected_namespaces = protected_namespaces
@allow_protected_ns = !protected_namespaces.empty?
@prune = prune
@validations += %i(validate_protected_namespaces)
end
private
def validate_protected_namespaces
if @protected_namespaces.include?(namespace)
if @allow_protected_ns && @prune
@errors << "Refusing to deploy to protected namespace '#{namespace}' with pruning enabled"
elsif @allow_protected_ns
logger.warn("You're deploying to protected namespace #{namespace}, which cannot be pruned.")
logger.warn("Existing resources can only be removed manually with kubectl. " \
"Removing templates from the set deployed will have no effect.")
logger.warn("***Please do not deploy to #{namespace} unless you really know what you are doing.***")
else
@errors << "Refusing to deploy to protected namespace '#{namespace}'"
end
end
end
end
end
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Email Job
ALLO Lincoln Financial Analyst I
Job Description
ALLO Lincoln Financial Analyst I
Job Locations US-NE-Lincoln
Posted Date 2 weeks ago(2 weeks ago)
Job ID
2018-6966
# of Openings
1
Category
Accounting/Finance
Overview
Here's the deal:
We're searching for a data-driven, motivated individual with a freakish attention to detail. More than spreadsheets and reporting, we need a thoughtful go-getter to join our team of big thinkers and innovative idea chasers. ALLO is in a period of seemingly endless growth, and the possibilities require stamina, flexibility, and the cool-keeping skill of an analytics guru in a fast-paced, often-changing environment.
Knowledge and experience are essential, but character is just as important. We look for those who have a natural instinct for our core values: Honest, Local, Exceptional, and Hassle-Free. Advanced fiber-optic understanding isn't required, so if you nerd out about numbers and want to do more than just crunch them, let's talk about GIG things together.
Responsibilities
Here's what a typical day looks like:
1. Responsible for assisting the business with the financial variance reporting process to allow management to track budget and actual expense information.2. Compile and summarize the monthly variance information for executive level reporting financials and costing. Track information throughout the year to provide historical trend analysis.3. Identify and implement improvements in reporting, cost analysis and processes.4. Develop and maintain financial metrics and cost analysis for the division. Analyze results with explanations for growth and/or decline spikes, changes in trend and budget to actual variances.5. Create analysis to evaluate and track the costs of services compared to budget and to assist in development of strategic plans and monitoring of performance. 6. Perform business unit pricing activities which may include cost of ownership, activity based cost analysis, etc.7. Prepare, review, and submit various regulatory filings standard in the telecommunications industry.8. Provide ad-hoc financial analysis for business units as required.
Qualifications
Here's what we expect you to prove at the interview:
EDUCATION:
Bachelor's Degree or equivalent experience required in Finance, Accounting or Business Administration with an emphasis in Accounting or Finance.
EXPERIENCE:
Financial analysis or accounting experience with a proven record of success.
Knowledge of financial concepts relative to profitability and financial ratios.
Consistent, High Quality Results: Establishes credibility and finance leadership by producing timely, accurate and insightful analysis, consistently. Earns the respect of others through effective interaction with all teams
Efficiency/Accountability: Allocates time efficiently, focusing on ever-shifting priorities; continually seeks way to improve individual and team productivity. Highly accountable and able to manage multiple tasks in a fast paced dynamic environment
Confident Communication Style: Effectively communicates with and engages all levels of the organization verbally and in writing
Flexibility to handle pressure coming from all directions simultaneously
Excellent presentation skills and report package development
Excellent skills in analytic problem solving
Discretion
Expert in MS Excel and proficient in MS Word, PowerPoint and Access
EEO Statement
Nelnet is an Equal Opportunity Employer, complies with Executive Order 11246, and takes affirmative action to ensure that qualified applicants are employed, and that employees are treated during employment, without regard to race, color, religion/creed, national origin, gender, or sex, marital status, age, disability, use of a guide dog or service animal, sexual orientation, military/veteran status, or any other status protected by Federal or State law or local ordinance. Qualified individuals with disabilities who require reasonable accommodations in order to apply or compete for positions at Nelnet may request such accommodations by contacting Nelnet Talent Acquisition & Recruiting.
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/*
* Initialization and support routines for self-booting compressed image.
*
* $Copyright Open Broadcom Corporation$
*
* $Id: circularbuf.h 452258 2014-01-29 19:17:57Z $
*/
#ifndef __CIRCULARBUF_H_INCLUDED__
#define __CIRCULARBUF_H_INCLUDED__
#include <osl.h>
#include <typedefs.h>
#include <bcmendian.h>
/* Enumerations of return values provided by MsgBuf implementation */
typedef enum {
CIRCULARBUF_FAILURE = -1,
CIRCULARBUF_SUCCESS
} circularbuf_ret_t;
/* Core circularbuf circular buffer structure */
typedef struct circularbuf_s
{
uint16 depth; /* Depth of circular buffer */
uint16 r_ptr; /* Read Ptr */
uint16 w_ptr; /* Write Ptr */
uint16 e_ptr; /* End Ptr */
uint16 wp_ptr; /* wp_ptr/pending - scheduled for DMA. But, not yet complete. */
uint16 rp_ptr; /* rp_ptr/pending - scheduled for DMA. But, not yet complete. */
uint8 *buf_addr;
void *mb_ctx;
void (*mb_ring_bell)(void *ctx);
} circularbuf_t;
#define CBUF_ERROR_VAL 0x00000001 /* Error level tracing */
#define CBUF_TRACE_VAL 0x00000002 /* Function level tracing */
#define CBUF_INFORM_VAL 0x00000004 /* debug level tracing */
extern int cbuf_msg_level;
#define CBUF_ERROR(args) do {if (cbuf_msg_level & CBUF_ERROR_VAL) printf args;} while (0)
#define CBUF_TRACE(args) do {if (cbuf_msg_level & CBUF_TRACE_VAL) printf args;} while (0)
#define CBUF_INFO(args) do {if (cbuf_msg_level & CBUF_INFORM_VAL) printf args;} while (0)
#define CIRCULARBUF_START(x) ((x)->buf_addr)
#define CIRCULARBUF_WRITE_PTR(x) ((x)->w_ptr)
#define CIRCULARBUF_READ_PTR(x) ((x)->r_ptr)
#define CIRCULARBUF_END_PTR(x) ((x)->e_ptr)
#define circularbuf_debug_print(handle) \
CBUF_INFO(("%s:%d:\t%p rp=%4d r=%4d wp=%4d w=%4d e=%4d\n", \
__FUNCTION__, __LINE__, \
(void *) CIRCULARBUF_START(handle), \
(int) (handle)->rp_ptr, (int) (handle)->r_ptr, \
(int) (handle)->wp_ptr, (int) (handle)->w_ptr, \
(int) (handle)->e_ptr));
/* Callback registered by application/mail-box with the circularbuf implementation.
* This will be invoked by the circularbuf implementation when write is complete and
* ready for informing the peer
*/
typedef void (*mb_ring_t)(void *ctx);
/* Public Functions exposed by circularbuf */
void
circularbuf_init(circularbuf_t *handle, void *buf_base_addr, uint16 total_buf_len);
void
circularbuf_register_cb(circularbuf_t *handle, mb_ring_t mb_ring_func, void *ctx);
/* Write Functions */
void *
circularbuf_reserve_for_write(circularbuf_t *handle, uint16 size);
void
circularbuf_write_complete(circularbuf_t *handle, uint16 bytes_written);
/* Read Functions */
void *
circularbuf_get_read_ptr(circularbuf_t *handle, uint16 *avail_len);
circularbuf_ret_t
circularbuf_read_complete(circularbuf_t *handle, uint16 bytes_read);
/*
* circularbuf_get_read_ptr() updates rp_ptr by the amount that the consumer
* is supposed to read. The consumer may not read the entire amount.
* In such a case, circularbuf_revert_rp_ptr() call follows a corresponding
* circularbuf_get_read_ptr() call to revert the rp_ptr back to
* the point till which data has actually been processed.
* It is not valid if it is preceded by multiple get_read_ptr() calls
*/
circularbuf_ret_t
circularbuf_revert_rp_ptr(circularbuf_t *handle, uint16 bytes);
#endif /* __CIRCULARBUF_H_INCLUDED__ */
|
Swinney says Tigers should embrace being the favorites
PINEHURST, NC – The ACC media voted Clemson as the preseason favorite to win the Atlantic Coast Conference Tuesday morning at the ACC Kickoff at the Pinehurst Resort, and head coach Dabo SwinneyDabo SwinneyHead CoachView Full Profile didn’t downplay the pick.
Swinney said the Tigers are one of the teams that has a legitimate shot at a special season.
“Ya'll know my answer to that and I've been pretty consistent with my answer for a long time whether we're picked third, fourth or first,” Swinney said. “I think the one interesting thing about nationally where we are - I think about every year I've been the head coach, we've finished higher than where we were picked except maybe once. Hopefully, we can meet the expectations that other people have. I think there are a bunch of teams that have a chance to win the league. I really believe that. I believe that we are definitely one of those teams that has a shot. Whether or not we should be first, that's for people to debate. Hopefully when it's all said and done, the people who voted for us, we can make them look smart. “
Swinney said the season could be special because of the presence of talented sophomore quarterback Deshaun WatsonDeshaun WatsonSo. Quarterback#4 6-2, 205Gainesville, GAView Full Profile.
“We're very fortunate to have a bunch of good players, especially one like Deshaun. He's a good player but he's just a great young man,” Swinney said “He's fun to be around. He's consistent. He's always the same from day to day. He's a great preparer. He loves to prepare. He loves the process of being a good quarterback. He has a work ethic that's contagious and that's what we need from him.
“Last year he was trying to become the guy and this year he is the guy and we need him to assert himself that way from a leadership standpoint. He's done a great job of that this summer. Hopefully, that's what will be different about us this season - you've got that definite leader out there. He's a guy that doesn't expect anything from anybody that he's not willing to do. When your best player is also one of your hardest workers and best leaders, that's a good combination.”
Watson was named as the favorite to win the ACC Player of the Year, and Swinney said Watson will have to have the breaks – no pun intended – Watson didn’t receive last season.
“Hopefully, we catch a few breaks. We didn't get many breaks with him last year,” he said. “The key is for him to be who he is and to execute within our system. He's prepared himself all year long to get back out there and get back to work. He's done a tremendous job in his rehab process and all of that. He's got to do a good job of taking care of himself.”
Swinney then acknowledged that the Tigers will get the best shot each team has to offer.
“We're going to get everybody's best shot. We know that and that's how I prepare our guys,” Swinney said. “There was a time when that might not have been the case. With what we've done at Clemson, we're not going to sneak up on anybody anymore. We're going to get everybody's best shot and that's why it's important that you - from a preparation standpoint and culture within the program - reinforce it. You can't say, 'Well, we're playing Florida State this week, so we're really going to have a great Monday and have a great Tuesday.' If that's your mentality, then you're never going to be consistent.
“I think that's the thing we've been done the best job of over the last several years. We've become an incredibly consistent program from week in and week out. I don't think we have anybody on our team that has a loss to anybody who didn't finish in the top-10. There's been a very consistent approach from our players week in and week out. They've come ready. You just can't overlook anybody. You better be all in every week because if you're not, you're going to get beat. It's that simple. There are too many good teams out there and too many people that are capable of beating you.”
If the Tigers are to indeed play for the ACC title or even make a run at the College Football Playoff, Swinney said the Tigers will have to embrace the expectations and not shy away from them.
“I think that expectation has always been at Clemson. For me, it's trying to be a consistent program, continue to win at a high level and be one of the teams out there that people are talking about,” he said. “The next step for us is that we have to get back to winning this conference. That's the thing, we've won the division, we've tied for the division, we've finished second for the division, we've won the conference, but we've got to consistently stay right there and I think we've done that but we've got to get back to winning this league if we're going to have a legitimate shot at being in the College Football Playoff. As far as expectations, it wouldn't matter what's on the roster, people at Clemson, they expect to win.”
OTHER NOTES
Punt return and kick return
“Artavis is definitely a guy. The only new guy that will be in the mix is probably Ray-Ray McCloudRay-Ray McCloudFr. Wide Receiver# 5-9, 175Land O' Lakes, FLView Full Profile. We pretty much have a good feel for who we want to work at punt return and kick return spots.”
“Tanner just got there, so I haven't had a chance to get on the field with him yet, to really give you a good evaluation. I can tell you that we really like him as a prospect. He's an outstanding three-sport guy up here in North Carolina. He's a great baseball player. He's fast, big. I think he's got a bright future for us. He's done well the few weeks he's been there getting into our off season program. He's got a lot to learn.”
Emphasis on South Carolina
“We've always put a huge emphasis on South Carolina. It's just when you win the game, it's easy to say, 'Well, they emphasized the game more this year.' That's bologna. We did not make it more emphasis. The only thing that changed was there was a clock put in a meeting room by the coaches. It wasn't to sit and talk about that game every day. It was just a reminder that, 'Hey, that game is out there.' We didn't prepare any differently. Our practice plan wasn't any different. There was really no change from that standpoint. It wasn't a weekly meeting. We just played better. We earned the win. The ones before, they earned. It's a simple as that.”
Impact freshmen
“We've got a couple of those offensive linemen. They'll all get an opportunity to get in the mix. A couple of those young wideouts. Shadell BellShadell BellFr. Wide Receiver#11 6-3, 190Decatur, GAView Full Profile came in in January. Deon and Ray-Ray just got there. Definitely a couple of those guys will have an opportunity to get in the mix. We've got some really good redshirt freshmen that will get their opportunity to step up - Trevion ThompsonTrevion ThompsonRS Fr. Wide Receiver#1 6-2, 195Durham, NCView Full Profile, Kendall JosephKendall JosephRS Fr. Linebacker#34 5-11, 225Belton, SCView Full Profile - that I'm excited about. Mark FieldsMark FieldsFr. Cornerback# 5-10, 185Cornelius, NCView Full Profile is a really promising young corner. It's hard to really give a true evaluation of that until I can get out on the practice field with them and see where they all are.”
“Kevin had a great spring. He's a guy that's kind of been laying in the weeds waiting on his opportunity, but he hasn't been just sitting idle. He's been working and preparing. He's been mentally preparing. He's been physically preparing in the weight room. I'm excited about Kevin Dodd. He's ready to step up and assume his opportunity. Kevin has prepared very well for his opportunity and I think he's going to take full advantage of it.”
“T.J. Green, last year was a big year for his development. He had a lot to learn as a safety but he has studied and improved. Athletically, we don't have a better athlete on the team. That's never been a question. As the season progressed, he improved. He had a big interception in the bowl game. I think that gave him a lot of confidence going into the offseason. He's an excellent leader for us. He's a quiet leader. He's as committed a guy as he is in the program.”
On playing a game overseas
“Shoot yeah. I talk to Brad BrownellBrad BrownellHead CoachView Full Profile about that all of the time. He gets to go to Acapulco and Turks and Cacaos and I get trips to you name it ACC. That's about the extent of it. I'd love it. I think it's a great opportunity for your team. I take my guys up to Lake Keowee and that's a huge experience. Some of these guys have never seen the mountains or the lake. I can only imagine what it would be like to take your team to a place like Ireland.”
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Eucomis Sparkling Burgundy
These glamorous Eucomis Sparkling Burgundy are particularly long lasting, flowering for around six weeks. This striking variety has large leaves which start off deep beetroot-purple then change to a glossy dark green and then back to beetroot as the plant matures. The stems are densely packed with delicate lilac coloured, star-shaped flowers.
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$ groovy UserScript.groovy
Caught: groovy.lang.MissingMethodException: No signature of method: User.givenName() is applicable for argument types: () values: []
Possible solutions: giveName(), getName(), setName(java.lang.String)
at UserScript.run(UserScript.groovy:7)
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Thank you for an amazing season!
Thank you all for another amazing season! We have created countless memories throughout this winter, and while we saw and dealt with the challenges presented by Mother Nature, Winter prevailed and we have enjoyed it to the fullest!
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Microsoft Surface 3 vs Surface Pro 3: Which is best for you?
Before Microsoft announced Surface 3, choosing a Surface tablet was ultimately a matter of deciding which Surface Pro 3 model fits you best, depending on your budget and needs. But now that there's a new kid on the block, which is offered in four, very distinct trims, finding the right Surface just got trickier.
Just like its older brother, the new Surface 3 features a high-resolution display, promises great battery life, offers a decent amount of storage, packs an x86 processor and runs Windows 8.1. The optional Type Cover keyboard makes an appearance as well, and so does Surface Pen. But there are some differences, of course. So which one should you buy?
Now that the specs are out of the way, let's compare the two and find one where they shine.
Power
Many users will be considering a Surface device for resource-intensive applications, and that requires plenty of processing power. Here, Surface Pro 3 wins, hands down.
Surface Pro 3 is equipped with high-end Core i processors, which are designed to offer a good balance between performance and battery life, while Surface 3 is equipped with an Atom processor that prioritizes battery life over outright speed. Not to mention that Surface Pro 3 can be had with a very powerful Core i7 processor, which furthers the performance gap.
Also, Surface Pro 3 can be had with 8 GB of RAM, twice as much than Surface 3 offers in its flagship model, which will make multitasking easier. Even the base Surface Pro 3 model comes with 4 GB of RAM, while the base Surface 3 only offers half as much.
That said, Surface 3 will be able to handle typical Windows software, like Google Chrome and Office. It just won't be able to handle all your virtual machine instances or development software as well as (or even remotely close to) Surface Pro 3.
Productivity
If you ignore the x86 processor found in Surface 3, the smaller Surface looks more like a typical tablet than a mobile device that might replace an ultrabook or smaller laptop.
It will run all the Windows programs that users want, naturally, however it is limited in the productivity department by its smaller 10.8-inch display. In practice, you'll be able to browse the web, write an Office document and handle all your email, but you may want to connect it to a bigger screen to increase productivity.
However, Microsoft is trying to make Surface 3 appeal to more consumers by bundling a one-year Office 365 subscription with each purchase. That's not the case with Surface Pro 3; you'll need to buy one separately. Having used Office 365 for a few good months now, it's hard not to see the value in it (hey, on top of Office, there's 1TB OneDrive storage thrown in for free -- and if you know where to look, you can unlock unlimited storage), especially for folks with tight budgets (like students).
Meanwhile, Surface Pro 3 is designed as a "tablet that can replace your laptop". It's got a bigger display, akin to what you can find on a popular ultrabook like Apple's larger MacBook Air, it comes standard with a stylus (Surface Pen, optional on Surface 3), the kickstand can be angled in any number of ways (Surface 3's kickstand only has three positions), and the optional Type Cover keyboard is larger, and, most likely, more pleasant to type on, and also comes with a larger touchpad area.
Connectivity
Even though on the surface both Surface 3 and Surface Pro 3 are capable of meeting the needs of a road warrior, only Surface 3 also gives the user the option to connect to a 4G LTE network. This can be a major advantage for those who don't want to use their smartphone to tether or are unable to do so.
Also, no matter which Surface 3 model you choose, you get Wi-Fi 802.11ac as standard. This isn't the case with the base Surface Pro 3 model, which gets the slower Wi-Fi 802.11n. The speed difference can be substantial, as long as you have a solid Wi-Fi 802.11ac router.
Both slates offer a full-size USB 3.0 port, and a mini DisplayPort to connect an external display. It's worth pointing out that Surface 3's connectivity can be enhanced using a Surface Pro 3 Docking Station (it goes for $199.99).
Mobile Credentials
Let's talk about portability and battery life.
Both Surface 3 and Surface Pro 3 promise similar battery life, except that whereas Surface 3's battery life is quoted for video playback, Microsoft rates Surface Pro 3's battery life for Wi-Fi browsing. As such, we can't really compare the two directly, as it'd be an apples to oranges comparison. However, both devices should offer great battery life when used accordingly.
When it comes to portability, Surface 3 is the clear winner. It's both smaller and lighter, which means that it won't take as much room in a briefcase or backpack. Even with the optional keyboard on, it won't be much bigger or heavier than Surface Pro 3, sans its Type Cover keyboard.
That said Surface Pro 3 packs a bigger punch, which will make it easier to work with heavy software on the go, if you ever need or want to do so. It's something to keep in mind, as battery life is likely to be similar and the extra bulk isn't intimidating.
The Elephant in the Room
It's the cost. Surface 3 is priced like a high-end tablet. The base model kicks off at $499, and for the money you get the 64 GB version with 2 GB of RAM. Step up to the 128 GB version with 4 GB of RAM, and you'll have to shell out just $100 more ($599). The 4G LTE option adds $100 to the cost, for either model.
For a Type Cover keyboard, Microsoft will ask $129.99 (once it's available, of course). The stylus is a $49.99 option, which, depending on your needs, you may or may not want to get. Type Cover, however, is a must-have from my point of view.
Now let's look at Surface Pro 3. The base model, which offers 64 GB of internal storage, Core i3 processor and 4 GB of RAM, costs $799. There's no 4G LTE option, but Surface Pen is included. Type Cover also costs $129.99. You may be able to get Surface Pro 3 for less, seeing as it's quite old at this stage and there's plenty of stock.
Of course, there's nothing stopping you from spending upwards of $1,949 on Surface Pro 3 (without a keyboard, I should point out), to get the top-of-the-line model with 512 GB of internal storage, Core i7 processor and 8 GB of RAM.
So, if cost (and the added mobility) is a major concern, Surface 3 makes more sense. The $300 price difference, which isn't small, between the base models can go towards a Type Cover keyboard, extended warranty and other things.
Fundamental Differences
Going by the specs alone, Microsoft has introduced Surface 3 for people who want Surface Pro 3, but do not need the extra performance offered by the Core i processors nor the larger display.
Those can be folks who work more on the go (hence the 4G LTE option), don't run heavy software, and who, when they're at the office, connect their Surface to a proper monitor (which Surface 3 can handle, of course). If that's you, maybe Surface 3 should be your first option.
Surface 3 retains all the other benefits provided by Surface Pro 3, like the compatibility with the docking station, Surface Pen support, and more, but offers them in a much more portable package. What's not to like?
Meanwhile, Surface Pro 3 is aimed at folks who are looking for a tablet (let's say hybrid device) that they'll be using more at the office than on the go (or, if it's more on the go, they don't mind/they need the extra screen estate), which can run heavier software, and that they can store lots of data on. They also have to look past the higher asking price.
Basically, Surface Pro 3 is more like a Swiss Army Knife, while Surface 3 looks more like a camping knife, in comparison. Personally, I prefer the Swiss Army Knife, even though the camping knife looks quite good for considerably less money (metaphorically speaking, of course). How about you?
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Our training courses are online and/or face-to-face. They cover a range of topics to help keep sport safe, fair and inclusive. Simply click on the links below or 'View All' to see the course requirements.
Today sporting organisations at all levels need to be able to respond to complaints from their members and personnel about on field and off-field behaviour, such as inappropriate behaviour in the club rooms, at practice or on away trips.
'Conduct and behaviour' underpins organisational culture. Organisations that have a positive culture generally flourish and bring a huge amount of value to their community. But what is a positive culture and what behaviours can promote it?
There are five key areas for action that create welcoming and inclusive environments:
Champions of change are active
Expectations about behaviour are met
Facilities and activities are accessible
Everyone participates
Commitment through ongoing action
Key to success across sport is data collection, being able to show real evidence of change through consistent data collection
Changing cultures, social norms and behaviours to make sporting organisations more welcoming and inclusive is a long term process
Fear of judgement is a major barrier to womens participation in physical activity
Thank you Paul for the introduction and hi everyone. I’d just like to start by acknowledging the traditional owners of the land on which we’re meeting today and pay my respect to elders past and present and to acknowledge any elders who are in the room today.
As Paul mentioned, I’m from Vic Health. The people who don’t know us we’re the Victorian Health Promotion Foundation so really health and wellbeing is our business. Sport is a setting that we do a lot of work in because it has many great health benefits from a physical activity participation point of view but also because it’s a great setting to work with people around a whole range of other risk and protective factors for health like healthy eating, social connection, reducing harmful alcohol use. There’s a whole range of ways that we work with sport.
The other thing I wanted to say about Vic Health is we have a real focus on health equity and that’s really very much aligned to the focus of today’s discussion and I guess what we mean by that is in all the programming work and all the investment we do we make a really conscious effort to think about how do we make sure the benefits are reaching the communities who are experiencing health inequalities when compared to the rest of the Victorian population so making sure that we’re benefiting everybody but we’re benefiting those communities who need more assistance to level up to the rest of the population more and that’s really where our focus is across a whole range of work.
So I’m just going to talk today about a range of Vic Health work. I know the presentations I heard before, there has been some quite specific focuses on particular population groups, on particular population segments. I’m going to take it up a level and talk about a range of work we’re doing. Some people in the room will know this better than I do because probably you’ve been partnering with us on this fantastic work. I’ve also got a couple of my colleagues in the room today who I wanted to just give a shout out to because they also know this work probably much better than I do.
So when we think about at Vic Health how do we make sure our work is reaching where we want it to reach, that we’re delivering benefits where they’re needed? We start by understanding the issues that we’re trying to address. In the case of growing diverse participation in sport we start by thinking about general trends in sport and physical activity participation and then we dig deeper to think about what’s going on for particular population segments and particular priority population groups. I’m sure you’ll know a lot of this information so I’m just going to very briefly cover off.
We know from our Vic Health Indicators Survey, which is a big population survey across the State that one in five Victorian adults are doing no physical activity every week and that three out of five are not getting enough physical activity to benefit their health. We know that there is an increasing preference for non-organised physical activity particularly as people get older. This means that the demand for more social, flexible non-competitive ways of participating in sport and physical activity are also increasing and our Vic Health Indicators Survey showed that 10% of Victorian adults participate in physical activity by an organised sports club or association so 90% of the Victorian adult population aren’t currently engaged in a formal way with a sporting body so there’s a lot of room for us to move there.
We know that children are playing organised sport in relatively good numbers but they’re dropping out as they hit adolescence so there’s a real question about how do we retain young people in sport as they get older? We also know that sport participation rates for women and girls in community sports club are far less than our male counterparts, about half. It’s a big gap and it’s receiving significant attention across the State and also in Vic Health work.
So at the heart of success in providing participation options that meet the needs of diverse communities is really knowing your customer and I know people have talked about this today. We’ve done some research that looked across five life stages and identified some common themes and some unique attributes relating to people’s attitudes, motivations and barriers to physical activity. We spoke to young people aged 12 to 17, to young adults aged 18 to 24, to people aged over 25 with no children, with parents and with retirees and you can see some of the common themes that run across all of those five life stages up on the screen, things like knowing the benefits of activity are not enough, the importance of family modelling or family participation, winter being a major barrier, we know that, we’ve just come out of it. Having physical activity as part of the must do really gives it importance and prominence. It’s meant to say there I think adding one more session feels possible. Weekly routine is critical. The key role of workplaces and also life or routine changes being a critical window for making change in people’s physical activity participation levels.
You can access resources we’ve got online called Physical Activity across life stages on the Vic Health website and we really encourage you to go and have a look, a much deeper look at what’s going on for each of those particular life stages. It is important to note though that kind of age or stage of life is just one way to think about how to group people. Obviously we’re complex beings. We need to think about other factors when we’re considering inclusive participation such as cultural background, disability, gender, socioeconomic status, geographic location and just that recognition that people don’t fit into a box and so let’s think about that. We need to think about complexity as we’re dealing with how to make sure that all of our programs and offerings are going to work for our diverse communities.
A key premise of the work we do in health promotion is that we can create environments that promote health. We can also create environments that are terrible for health. In the case of growing diverse participation in sport there’s not a great value in just understanding the individual level barriers and drivers of participation, what’s going on for people. We need to also do the work to ensure that our sporting environments are welcoming, inclusive and supportive places for people who want to spend their time.
Vic Health developed two programs, Healthy Sporting Environments, which from now are called HSE and the State Sporting Association Participation Program, which I’ll now call SSAPP to save some time, which ran between 2011 and 2014 and I’m sure some people in the room will have been involved in those programs. They had a specific focus on creating welcoming and inclusive healthy sporting environments and they really tested a new way of working both with State sporting associations, regional sporting associations and community sports clubs with an emphasis on organisational development and organisational practice to see how sport could be more welcoming, inclusive and healthy.
We focused on four priority population groups where participation was particularly low; Aboriginal people, culturally diverse communities, people with a disability and women and girls. Through those programs we developed and tested a toolkit called everyone wins, which identified five key areas for action that could be addressed to help clubs create welcoming and inclusive environments. Those five areas were:
1.Champions of change are active
2.Expectations about behaviour are met
3.Facilities and activities are accessible
4.Everyone participates
5.Commitment through ongoing action
The toolkit also outlined three different levels of activity that clubs could be working at recognising that some would be starting from a low base and some had done work in this area already and that clubs had different capacities, so some could really use their resources to stretch far and make a big difference and some had to take a slower, more steady approach, but clubs could move up the levels to be your club would welcome, involve and then value everyone as you stepped up through everyone wins.
Through SSAPP in particular we identified common principles of working with our priority population groups, which you can see on the screen there. They are leadership, collaboration, process and policies, monitoring and evaluation and sustainability and really they’re the common issues that underpinned successful approaches in SSA as working to meet their organisations and their sports more welcoming and inclusive.
So to give you a sense of what that looks like in practice in the real world to make it a bit more real, Cycling Victoria and BMX Victoria focused through SSAPP on creating more welcoming and inclusive environments for women and girls in their sports. They talked about a key achievement being the establishment of equal prize money for male and female competition. They kind of got that tested and then it got taken on by organizers and it’s become the standard in racing competition whereas previously women would receive a very small fraction of what the male winners would for cycling competitions and I think we have to think about what message that sent to women about what their place was in cycling competitions and making that change. It started to give them a sense of ‘we are welcome here. We are wanted. This is where we belong’.
In the third year of SSAPP both Cycling and BMX were asked what had been the most significant changes within their respective SSAs. They identified increased participation of females in both sports that were measured through change in the number of members and also registration for events. They identified a shift in both organisations’ strategies towards inclusion that there was a deeper sense of what inclusion meant and a real emphasis on making sure that there was a difference in those clubs for women and girls and also increased attention on ensuring sustainability of the changes that had occurred within the SSAs through the SSAPP program. So it wasn’t just this is a three-year funding project. We’ll get the money from Vic Health, we’ll make the change and then we’ll go back to normal. This was about cultural change in those organisations and they were thinking about how to maintain it and how to improve it well past the funding.
Key success factors that Cycling and BMX identified for getting that level of change there in their sports was consistent data collection on participation numbers so they could really use that as evidence to show the change that was happening from their activities to their Board and to their CEO. They weren’t just good stories, they were hard numbers to show that this is working for women and girls in our sports. Also the driver of their Champions of Change, which included their Board and their CEO, who were both enthusiastic about increasing opportunities for women because they understood it was good for their business. They wanted more people participating in their sports and women were coming to the party and giving them those numbers. They also thought it was really important that they’d done a survey of their members to find out what practically they could do to create more welcoming environments for women in their sport and that really gave them some great information.
Vic Health and the partners that we worked with through SSAPP and HSE for those few years that the programs were running learnt a lot it’s fair to say, you know, some things worked and some things didn’t but what we’ve been doing more recently is pulling together the learnings plus the resources that we developed through those programs and working with Vic Sport to make them available to anybody who’s interested in doing work with those population groups to make their own sports more inclusive and welcoming so very soon from the Vic Sport website you’ll be able to get access to tips, principles, templates, guidelines and other resources, very practical resources to take back to your own sport and think about how to apply them.
Just a last point on that slide there is a reminder that changing cultures, social norms and behaviours to make sporting organisations and any organisation more welcoming and inclusive is a long term process and really that’s what we learnt and was reinforced through SSAPP and HSE that in some cases there were big leaps made forward, in some cases it was slow and steady but was really starting a cultural change process.
I just want to finish today by talking about some of our current work focused on gender equality in sport. Our approach at the moment recognises the importance of working to create change in a number of areas simultaneously to really support increased particular by women and girls and it’s important to say we’ve got an emphasis on women and girls who are currently not active or not very active and diverse women so this isn’t about just getting more women who are already active doing more of it but really trying to change the makeup of sport so that different women are participating.
So what we’re doing that you can see on the screen is working to support government and organisations to improve sport policy and practice for gender equality and that really builds on that previous work that we’d done through SSAPP and HSE where we got a good sense of what’s working in organisations to change their practice. We’re also working with our sports partners and with the media to increase the profile of women’s sport in the community and to change attitudes about the place of women in sport, to really start a conversation about what is our role in sport.
We’re also creating the opportunities for women and girls to participate so on the ground programs and opportunities where people can go in and play whatever it is that they want to have a go at and that’s really responding to the insights we have about barriers to participation so important to understand what women want, what works for them and what doesn’t and then how do we make sure that we’re offering those participation opportunities.
We’re also getting ready to kick off a major campaign in 2018 called This Girl Can. The original campaign was run by Sport England and was successful in inspiring 2.8 million women and girls to get active in the UK and Vic Health has now licensed the campaign from Sport England and we’re in the process now of creating our own local version of This Girl Can. The campaign responds to research that identifies fear of judgment as a major barrier to women’s activity and that fear of judgment relates to three specific issues. Women fear being judged about their appearance, the way they look when they’re doing physical activity, they’re worried about being judged about their ability particularly women who were not active or ready and feel like they’re not coordinated enough, they’re not fit enough to get out and have a go. They’re also worried about being judged about what people think about their priorities so as an example if women are participating in sport are people judging them as being a bad mother because they’re prioritizing their own health and wellbeing over looking after their kids. They’re real fears and they’re the things that are stopping many women being active and so what This Girl Can does is it features real women of all ages, sizes, cultural backgrounds, abilities, fitness levels, getting active in ways that challenge attitudes about what women can or should be doing in physical activity and what they should look like when they’re being active so it really is one of those things where all types of women can watch that campaign and see someone who’s a bit like them and think “oh, maybe I can do it and be willing to get out and have a go”.
It’s also really important that when those women get out and have a go that we’ve got sports, we’ve got fitness centres, we’ve got parks, we’ve got all those places where women who look like them are already out there being active and that they feel supported to go, come back after the first try and make it part of their daily routine.
If you haven’t seen the UK ad I’d encourage you to Google it. It’s fantastic. It’s got a great Missy Elliott sound track. It’s really energetic and we’re working out now how do we make our own version that is that exciting and energetic and gets people, women particularly excited about getting out there and having a go.
I think in Victoria we’re increasingly creating environments that support diverse women to be active and what we hope from This Girl Can is that we’re going to get this real wave of increasing demand for women who are looking for different options who are demanding action and really pushing this social change.
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Beauty
We could all benefit from better sleep. While The Better Sleep Council raised awareness about the importance of a good night’s rest in May for Better Sleep Month, we’re sharing a slew of products that take beauty rest to a whole new level.
3. Bath & Body Works Aromatherapy Pillow Mist in Lavender Chamomile, bathandbodyworks.com and Bath & Body Works stores nationwide, $10
Doze off to the calming scents of lavender, chamomile and vanilla. These essential oils sooth the body and de-stress the mind for a more peaceful sleep. Simply spray onto your pillow or sheets and let the relaxation begin.
To celebrate Earth Month and show appreciation for our precious (and delicate) planet year-round, we’ve put together a list of all-natural, eco-conscious products free from chemicals and chock-full of good-for-you ingredients from some of our favorite environmentally minded beauty brands. Happy Earth Day!
1. KIEHL’S Limited-Edition Label Art Series Rare Earth Deep Pore Cleansing Masque, $23
Remove dirt, toxins and dry, dead skin cells with this complexion-smoothing masque. It’s made with Amazonian white clay, which is known for its skin-detoxifying properties. For the month of April, 100% of net profits (up to $50,000) will benefit Recycle Across America, which is dedicated to stimulating the environmental economy.
2. KISS MY FACE After Play Air Power Crème, $12
While many SPF products contain chemical additives harmful to marine life, Kiss My Face offers sun care that is free of parabens and artificial fragrances, and rich in sustainable plant-based ingredients. This protective spray is full of antioxidants like green tea, goji berry extract and vitamin C, which work as hydrating defenders against harmful UV rays.
3. ORIGINS Limited-Edition Earth Week Tote, free with $65 minimum purchase
Look and feel good with the ultimate eco-friendly tote, which features Origins’ “Do Good” philosophy in eight languages. From April 17 to 26, Origins is gifting the tote with any purchase of $65 or more. Plus, Origins will plant a tree that will help to bring forestation to areas in need.
4. ALBA BOTANICA Good & Healthy Range, $10 each (Anti-Oil Weightless Moisture, Oil-Free Radiance Cream, Tinted Perfector, SPF 15 Moisturizer and Spots Be Gone Corrector)
The name says it all: Alba Botanica’s new line of Good & Healthy facial moisturizers is just what the environment ordered. Powered by extracts from leafy greens like kale, spinach and Swiss chard, this certified organic range will rejuvenate your complexion, no matter what your skin type.
6. AVEDA Light The Way Candle, $12
According to Aveda, every scent matters. The company is donating 100% of the proceeds from the sweet and spicy candle to Global Greengrants Fund, a nonprofit that channels high-impact grants to solve environmental problems.
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Every Mon., Tue., Wed., Thu., and Fri. from March 12-May 31 8 a.m. Free Family Events, Festivals
One week after closing its doors due to COVID-19, the Glensheen Mansion has launched a 360-degree virtual tour experience led by director Dan Hartman, one of the few people allowed on the estate at the moment. Hartman explores favorite rooms on the grounds, popular locations with guests, and providing access to previously closed spaces and rare items from the collection. There is also a newly launched tour app that has maps and audio descriptions for nearly every room in the mansion, as well as an eye-spy treasure book to help you explore the mansion. Those features can be found at glensheen.org. Virtual tours will continue every weekday at 8 a.m. CST via Facebook Live.
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I know we’ve talked about this before, but you know I’m obsessed with the Jewels mini-series. One of my faves! Did we watch that one time at my grandparents back in H.S.? One of the few instances where I like a movie better. AND the movie is how I knew who Wallis Simpson was so I felt all smart when talking about The King’s Speech. 🙂
Wait a minute…this book is a SERIES!!! I am on it! I think we DID watch that in high school! I remember that now! And after seeing The King’s Speech is how I knew who Wallis Simpson was in this book…love it!
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Entries from blogs tagged with “Education”
I used to post photos of out of the way places in this blog. Today I ran across something that was unexpected. Since it is a little out of the way, even though it is probably pretty obvious, I thought I'd post it.
The World Bank isn't known historically as an environmentally friendly institution in terms of the sorts of development projects it has funded. So when the World Bank gets concerned about the possible affects of global warming perhaps even the skeptics ought to pay attention.
Friends of mine seem surprised, and certainly questioning, when they learn I'm pro life. The questions my stance, which is a life style choice not a political siding, garner include the standard ones. I'm asked why I feel it's okay to tell someone else what they have to do with their body - my response is that I'm not telling anyone what they should do with their own body, just what they shouldn't do to a body too small and defenseless to stand up for itself.
Hasn't that been the American way since the beginning of the American dream? Don't Americans put themselves into harms way and travel across the sea to protect those who don't have the physical abilities to defend themselves against cutting swords or toxic poisons another entity uses on them?
It's easy for me to answer the 'when life begins' question. My response is that as a human development major I was taught that life begins with the zygote. I believe that.
I appreciate people come from different belief systems, lifestyle choices, opinions, cultures and religions.
In a perfect world the smallest form of human life would be cherished, protected, coddled, nourished. Once that perfect world of respect for the most fragile of human life begins, then our climate of a world at war begins to change.
Our focus shifts and we begin to look inward towards the smallest movement, the slightest sound of a beating heart.
I don't want or expect the reverse of our present culture where women for the most part retain secondary rights in respect to equal pay, sexual bias, and exploitation. They don't need to be put on a pedestal.
But our culture would be vastly improved if our focus was placed on the family - the smallest of life's form was cherished to the ultimate end of giving it the optimal in physical, emotional and educational care. Women wouldn't be subjected to the fear of rape or incest because they would be cherished as the sacred houses where honored life begins.
In a perfect world no one would need to defend their reasons NOT to kill an unprotected life.
I know we don't live in a perfect world, but let us begin doing what we can. It starts at home - it begins within.
Additional information about the club and how to become a Kansas Authors Ckub member may be found on-line. Kansasauthorsclub.com. (D stands for one of the seven districts that the club is divided in throughout the state)
Oprah earned $222,000,000 last year. She likely paid a lower percentage in taxes than you or I did. Do you hate her for being intelligent enough to become wealthy and give mega money to the charities of her choice (many of them are outside the United States) rather than the government?
Do you despise Romney or Brad Pitt for being wealthy and giving their money to the charities of their choice?
Do you feel people lose their common sense during the months prior to Presidential elections in political debate?
If you are up, one of the most important space exploration events is happening now through early Monday morning (August 6), the landing of Curiosity. Media coverage is pretty spotty. Fortunately there is NASA TV for us night owls. http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/nasatv/index.html
CNN is covering this at least on line but they are getting their feed from NASA, so go right to the source.
Closer view of Gale Crater-landing site is in the upper left hand area of the crater
by Paul Decelles
Update! Curiosity has landed..first photos.
Low res image from Curiosity. If I understood correctly the rover landed 232M from the landing target.
by Paul Decelles
You may not realize it but we are getting a good lesson about the way science works, or at least should work. The lesson involves an independent study of planetary temperature data designed to examine some of the global warming skeptic's concerns about the nature of the data used in previous studies on climate change. The new study was conducted by a group of scientists involved in a project called BEST- the Berkeley Earth Surface Temperature study.
Some of the study's conclusions include the following:
The heat island effect in urban areas is not biasing the estimates of land surface temperature.
Poor quality weather stations are also not biasing the global estimates of land surface temperature.
Adding more temperature data gives results that are consistent with those in previous studies.
The best fit to to the data-(BEST did not use traditional climate models but a correlational approach) are a model that combines volcanic activity (the effect by the way is to cool climate) and carbon dioxide concentration. Variation in solar input is NOT an explanatory factor in current climate trends.
The BEST group has submitted their analysis and results for publication and what is really admirable have opened up their data sets and analytical methods to public scrutiny. The study by the way was funded in part by the Charles Koch foundation.
Now it easy to say well we knew a lot of this stuff from current work-but an important aspect of science is the confirmatory aspect of science- it's what should enable us to gain confidence in our ideas-while others fall by the way side as not tenable. I don't expect these results to convince every one and they may also be flawed in ways that aren't immediately obvious. But maybe they will nudge the scientific and political debate to where we can have a serious talk about how to deal with global warming.
Several people have reported seeing these wonderful insects over the last couple of days. These are sometimes called velvet ants. They are not ants but mutillid wasps. The females are wingless and usually brightly colored-orange or orange and black, though a few are grey. The males are winged. The females are enter the burrows of ground nesting bees and wasps and lay their eggs on or near the larvae of their host. The eggs hatch and the Mutlillid larvae feed on the host's larvae.
Mutillids can pack a powerful sting-especially the one pictured here. That probably is the origin of the other common name as a figure of speech- "Cow Killer." The females are extremely active and never seem to stop moving so it is difficult to get a decent picture of them. Fortunately I had a plastic lid to a lens filter handy and was able to trap this one long enough to get a good shot.
Poet Timothy Pettet, Kansas City, Missouri, is drawn to the prairie, small towns (think Cottonwood Falls and Linwood, Ks), their cemeteries and their history.
Pettet, who is in the process of finalizing an Opera entitled Mona and Zero, made his way to a cemetery outside Linwood today to research the Chance family. By a differing means of chance, Pettet met Stuart Sweeney (Union Pacific car inspector), who has information about the approximately 30 members of the Chance family Pettet is interested in.
Pettet, who made his way into Linwood with the intent to research the lone cemetery, that sits atop a cottonwood treed shaded hilltop, at The Linwood Library, was directed to one of the town's yearly fund raising events hosted by The Lion's Club when he asked a member from the Sheriff's department to direct him to a restaurant.
Wes Knight (stonemason) invited Pettet towards a cooker of pulled pork, homemade potato salad and a selection of desserts even though the fundraiser doesn't start for several hours (it is open from 3 -7 pm Saturday evening - donations accepted).
Knight, Sweeney (sons Jacob and Andrew) and fellow BBQer Phil Rosewicz (Civil Engineer Amy Core), all of Linwood, spoke about a shelter, prescription eye wear and other uses the money from the Lion's Club fundraiser has provided the Linwood community since the mid 1950's when now deceased charter member Casey Jones helped set up tents along the road in which chickens were smoked..
These days, the smokers are filled with pork and chicken and club members remain downtown with their specialty smokers.
Pettet left Linwood with an affirmation of why he is attracted to the prairie and small town comraderie.
Pettet will be reading poem 'Switching Way Back' and discussing additional projects on KLWN live from The Runaway Pony Sunday, July 29th, between 8:30 and 9:30 am.
With all the attention Google is getting with the fiber plans in Kansas City, I thought it was a good idea to share some things I've heard, and see if anyone knows more.
A few years ago, I was sitting in the barbershop. The gentleman next to me was telling us that he'd received a letter from Sunflower/Knology (don't recall which who it was. or exactly how long ago it was) announcing that they would be deploying fiber based internet in his area. He lived southwest of town, somewhere near the Wakarusa school.
A call to Sunflower (or whoever) at the time, and a few inquiries since, have not elicited any more information.
However, there is one more interesting item. About a year ago, I was googling trying to find information about fiber deployments. Somewhere, and I can't find it again now, I saw a map of the Dougas county area that showed fiber deployed in a narrow band north and south of Clinton Lake.
Is there anyone out there with a fiber connection from Knology? Does anyone know anything more?
Yes, I know I haven't posted an IPS photo in a while. Don't give up hope. I haven't.
Locally Westar has introduced Smart Grid technologies that are billed as helping individuals track and manage their power usage and also help the power company manage its load. Does this technology, though pose a threat to civil liberties in ways we haven't thought about yet? I don't know... but a cousin in Canada sent this link to me from a Canadian Libertarian think tank...not a site I would normally visit...but it does provide an interesting take on the new smart grid technologies.
If you've lived in Lawrence for any length of time, you've heard the stuff legends are made from. Amazing keyboardist, song writer and vocalist Mike Finnigan (he originally landed in Lawrence to attend KU on a basketball scholarship) makes it big. Ok, make that huge!
Back in the day, we danced to Finnigan and Wood and held our breath. We knew he was bound to leave us. And we wanted him to. He had music to share with the likes of Bonnie Raitt, Jimi Hendrix, Joe Cocker, Etta James, Taj Mahol, Cher, Ringo and Leonard Cohen (yes, I picked a few at random).
Finnigan and Woods hit, Crazed Hipsters, is a frekin classic.
I was thrilled to hear Finnagin and his band were playing at The Bottleneck last night and again tonight. I hadn't heard him play for years.
He may be the old kid on the block, but he brought a new kid with a newbie old sound along His son, Kelly Finnigan, and band Monophonics (mono phonics.com/).
The pride with which father introduced his son last night was obvious - and for good reason. Kelly has stage presence, voice, soul and talent to die for. He may not resemble his dad physically, but he inherited the music gene and then some.
In a society where offspring of famous talents (think Julian Lennon and Presley), often disappoint, Kelly surprises and just keeps bringing it. And bringing it. His performance of My Baby Shot Me Down was my favorite of the night, but each performance was brilliant.
Monophonics isn't 'just' Kelly Finnigan - here then are the rest of the band, each one a stand out in their own right:
guitarist, Ian McDonald,
Myler O'Mahony, bassist
Alex Baly, saxophonist
Ryan Scott, trumpeter
drummer Austin Bohlman.
With voice and soul reminiscent of Joe Cocker, Kelly oozes stardom.
The Monophonics music is described as psychedelic soul - known these days as black rock.
Students, if you've completed summer finals, treat yourself to this two in one concert for $16. If you have a final tomorrow, you know you either know it by now or you don't!
Music lovers of any generation really do not want to miss this concert.
There has been a lot in the news about the great drought of 2012 and what the high temperatures might be telling us about what is happening to climate. So rather that rely on "some people say" as a source, I decided to check climate data from NOAA to get some perspective on the situation. NOAA has a great time series of statewide data for important weather parameters including average temperatures, precipitation and several measures of drought severity.
First of all how does 2012 stack up so far temperature wise for Kansas?
Notice that June just by itself really isn't so extreme historically. But my impression as a biologist who spends a lot of time doors, is that this year HAS been abnormally warm so lets look at year to date historical data shown in my next plot:
This shows a quite different story. As you can see the year to date temperature through June is very extreme. The year to data average temperature for the state is 55 degrees F. The next closest year to date average for Kansas appears to be 1986 at 54 degrees F. Going back to the 1930's, 1934 is the dust bowl year that comes closest at 53 degrees F. So temperature wise- so far this year is historically abnormal. However many of the record highs of the 1930's still stand.
Another concern is of course the several drought and NOAA provides several drought indices. Not being familiar with how these indices relate to each other I chose just to plot the basic Palmer Drought Severity index which uses local temperature and precipitation data to provide an index of drought severity that can be used to examine historical data: Negative values of the index represent more severe local drought conditions.
Notice that 2012 does not even come close in severity to the earlier droughts, including some relatively recent droughts of the 1980's. What is interesting is that the Palmer index suggests that the drought of the mid 1950's was in some respects more intense than the drought of the 1930's.
So the data suggest that yes it has been really abnormally warm so far in 2012. On the other hand the Palmer data suggest that the current drought is not (At least through June) as severe as a number of other droughts we have had.
One problem we have of course looking at historical data is that agricultural practices have changed since the 1930's. Much of the marginal land that was farmed then is not farmed now or is farmed using large scale irrigation. Farmers today tend to use tillage and other conservation practices that that probably are moderating local temperature and precipitation to some degree compared to earlier years. This might explain the greater number of extreme highs during the 1930's when conservation practices were not as widespread.
If you want to have your own fun looking at climate data, check out the NOAA site at:
There is a pull menu where you can select your state or region. You can also filter the data in various ways. This is a good way to check one's perceptions of climate change against historical data so you won't have to rely on what "some people say" or the infamous "they say" as a data source!
We had 25 entries from fifteen different contestants in The Divorce Girl giveaway.
The Divorce Girl: a story of art and soul is Kansas State Poet Laureate's latest book which has been released as of July 7th by Ice Cube Press.
Goldberg has scheduled readings from July 7th, 2012 through January 13th, 2013 in Kansas, Missouri, Vermont. Minnesota, New Jersey, Philadelphia, Florida, and Tuscon. Additionally, Goldberg will host Skype book group sessions through WOW program. Her book may be purchased locally at The Raven bookstore.
Drum roll please.....
Our winner is Frankie8!
Congratulations to Frankie8!!! I'll be in touch via the secure ljworld messaging service to find out how to get your book to you. I hope you'll enjoy reading it as much as I have.
Thank you to the other contestants. I encourage all of you to purchase the book and embrace it at upcoming book clubs. Goldberg does make appearances at them to discuss her book.
I was zipping back across town early this morning when I noticed a gentleman with a long tool changing gas price numbers on the sign at Westside 66 to a lower number.
My first thought was that if I had not been driving, I'd have given him a round of applause. I then wondered what, if anything, I've done recently that would warrant applause; that of course led to this blog topic.
No, I'm not giving away the book's entire plot, but if you leave a comment, you'll be entered in a drawing to win a copy of State of Kansas Poet Laureate Caryn Mirriam-Goldberg's soon to be released novel, 'The Divorce Girl: A Story of Art and Soul'.
I was fortunate to receive an advance copy of the book a couple of months ago. I made time to read 'The Divorce Girl' when I recently house sat east of Lawrence on my friend Richard Gwin's gorgeous property. I alternated between picking blackberries, (and ticks) and reading the exquisitely written novel. It was one of the best weeks I've had in years!
'The Divorce Girl' is told through the eyes of main character Deborah Shapiro. This isn't your run of the mill coming of age story about a girl growing up and surviving turbulent times. It is set in New Jersey and is a tenderly written, intricately woven masterpiece of blending varied cultures, poignant human flaws, child abuse and a never ending search for oneself through internal and external processes.
Goldberg's idea of giving main character, Deborah, a camera, which then enables her to carefully scrutinize every person, place and thing without (too much) suspicion, was not only brilliant, but masters movement throughout the book as well.
This novel is officially set to be released July 7th by Ice Cube Press (www.icecubepress.com) Be the first on your street to own a copy!
Goldberg is the author of 14 books, including upcoming non fiction "Needle in the Bone: How a Holocaust Survivor and Polish Resistance Fighter Beat the Odds and Found Each Other'.
Besides being our state Poet Laureate, Goldberg is the founder of Transformative Language Arts at Goddard College where she teaches. You may follow her at www.CarynMirriamGoldberg.com
Books may be purchased from The Raven Bookstore - 8th E. Seventh St., Lawrence - at a ten percent discount. Goldberg is happy to make an appearance at your book club.
Entrees may be continued until midnight Saturday, July 7th. The winner will be announced Sunday. Happy summer reading and good luck!
It had been decades since I'd seen Bill Lynch play. I'd stopped going to dances and local performances once I had children and only recently did I fall back in with the 'in' crowd who enjoy meeting and dancing our caloric needs and weekend nights away.
I was excited this past month when I learned Lynch would be coming to town and would perform this past weekend.
I was disappointed however at how a local business used a big name performer such as Lynch for their bait and switch.
Here is what happened. Online tickets were a few dollars more than those purchased direct from the business - which opens daily at three for drinking and ticket purchases. My son is more likely the age group who frequent the establishment, so I sent him in - three days in a row - to get tickets.
The problem was that their computer 'was down' and they couldn't run any tickets off. I wised up and started calling in advance rather than send my son in a fourth or fifth time in the heat. Each time I was told they still had no means to run the tickets off, but the problem would be solved the next day. There was even discussion that they were bringing in another computer specifically for the purpose to run off tickets.
Saturday, the day of the concert, I called and still no tickets had been printed. I expressed concern that the performance would be sold out. I was assured that it would not be and that I could even wait until that evening to purchase my ticket at the $13 fee.
I arrived early to insure getting a ticket and to save seats for additional friends. No one was at the door at that time. At some point I went to get water for our group and the bartender asked me to go get my wristband. I went to the doorman/ticket taker and was surprised when he told me the price was $16. I mentioned all the times I'd tried to purchase tickets. I was referred back to the bartender (perhaps he is a manager). He wasn't interested in how many times I'd attempted to get tickets or that I'd been assured I could purchase them that evening for the original fee. He said they still had to pay for the price of running off the tickets. I asked why they couldn't just f' ing stamp my hand. I got a look that told me if I didn't back down, I'd be escorted from the establishment. I went to buy my ticket. The doorman said, "So you get the $13 price?" I could have lied, but I did not. I told him I was required to pay the $16.
An hour later, I mentioned to a friend in the bathroom what had occurred. Several other women spoke up and said they had the same experience.
My questions:
How much extra money did the establishment make by doing this? (there were probably a couple of hundred people there)
How could they say the extra charge for tickets at night cost $3 more than tickets during the day that they never had?
When did they become able to run tickets off?
Is this a common practice used by this establishment?
I would gladly have paid more for a performance by Bill Lynch. The issue wasn't about the price, it was about the practice by the establishment that cost many people time and effort.
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We embrace the process of transformation in Christ, both in ourselves and in others, through the practice of Centering Prayer.
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Contemplative Service: a 97 page pdf booklet organized into 40 daily readings and practices. Contemplative service is explored through three themes: Formed for service; Divine Love in action; and Service as Presence. Each day provides beautiful images, brief inspirational readings and teachings and a mini practice on which to focus for the day.
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Red Sox quick hits
Red Sox quick hits
FORT MYERS, Fla. -- Three high-profile additions hope to blend in with the returning core to give the Red Sox what could be a special team.
The successful courtship of Daisuke Matsuzaka from Japan was as legendary as it was expensive. Now all eyes will be on him as he joins a loaded rotation.
Right fielder J.D. Drew replaces a fan favorite in Trot Nixon, but the Red Sox are confident that Drew's presence in the No. 5 hole will open more avenues for David Ortiz and Manny Ramirez.
Shortstop Julio Lugo has the tough task of replacing a defensive stud in Alex Gonzalez. However, he also brings an energy and spunk at the top of the order that the Red Sox missed last year.
And many of the familiar faces are back, led by Ortiz, Ramirez, Jason Varitek, Curt Schilling and Tim Wakefield.
The pieces seem to be in place for another title run. But you never know until a team actually takes the field for real.
Team strength: The rotation is the deepest the Red Sox have had in a while. Schilling, though 40, still pitches at a high level. Josh Beckett, with all that talent, could finally be on the verge of that elusive breakout season. Matsuzaka's hype precedes him, but he also has a wide array of nasty pitches. Jonathan Papelbon has electric stuff, be it as a closer or in his new (and old) role as starter. The venerable Wakefield is healthy again and should once more baffle opponents with his knuckleball.
Achilles heel: Who is the closer? That question might not have an answer until the last week of Spring Training, or later. The candidates have been well publicized by now -- the quartet of Mike Timlin, Joel Pineiro, Brendan Donnelly and Julian Tavarez. If you're looking for a dark horse, think Devern Hansack. If the Red Sox don't find someone dependable for this role, things could get unsettled in a hurry. Look back to the first half of 2003 for a reference point.
Top newcomer: Matsuzaka was nothing less than a national treasure in Japan. Red Sox Nation hopes he'll become a Fenway force. Backed by a fastball, curve, changeup and slider, Matsuzaka has a diverse arsenal. But he's never seen the loaded lineups he'll face in the American League this year. Matsuzaka should become one of the best pitchers in the game at some point. The question is how long it will take.
Ready to make The Leap: Dustin Pedroia is set to become Boston's first rookie position player to start on Opening Day since Shea Hillenbrand did so in 2001. Nobody bettered his physique in the offseason more than Pedroia, who lost his pudgy look by dropping nearly 30 pounds. Pedroia will hit ninth, so the team merely needs him to be adequate, but he has the confidence to think he'll be a lot better than that. Don't let his lack of size fool you -- Pedroia has pop in his bat. He should be steady at second base.
On the hot seat: This distinction will belong to whichever man is named the closer on Opening Day. And if the closer does not do the job, general manager Theo Epstein will feel the heat just as much, if not more.
You can bank on: Ramirez will hit 30-plus home runs and top 100 RBIs. How is this known before the season starts? Because Ramirez is a hitting machine who has reached those totals in nine straight seasons, and 11 of the last 12. There are few players in baseball as consistently productive as Ramirez.
Litmus test: If the rotation stays healthy and the bullpen finds some answers, the Red Sox should be one of the best teams in baseball. If not, a second consecutive frustrating season could be on deck.
Games you don't want to miss:
April 10-12 vs. Seattle: Matsuzaka should pitch in this series and have a most enticing matchup with fellow Japanese icon Ichiro Suzuki.
April 20-22 vs. New York: The Red Sox and Yankees, age-old rivals, renew acquaintances for the first of 18 meetings in 2007.
May 28 vs. Cleveland: Nixon makes his return to Fenway Park with his new team, and he is sure to get a thunderous ovation.
June 15-17 vs. San Francisco: Barry Bonds plays at Fenway Park for the first time, and he just might be on the cusp of breaking Hank Aaron's all-time home run record. This will also be the first time Dave Roberts has played at Fenway since he became a legend during the 2004 postseason.
June 8-10 at Arizona: Schilling could face his former team for the first time since the trade to the Red Sox prior to the 2004 season.
Sept. 14-16 vs. New York: Somehow you just know that this three-game set at Fenway is going to have playoff implications.
Ian Browne is a reporter for MLB.com. This story was not subject to the approval of Major League Baseball or its clubs.
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Busy Is Boring
Can we can take and make time? Yes!
“I was too busy.”
“I am so busy.”
“I will be busier than ever.”
Suddenly phrases likes these strike me, more than ever, as at best inaccurate, and at worst self-important. The “busy” excuse rolls off tongues…just listen for it. Count the times in a day you hear or say it. But I have never, ever, heard someone with great responsibilities, much to do, complain about being too busy—they are getting it done, each thing receiving the amount of attention it deserves.
While devoting a good bit of my time through workshops, correspondence, and over dinners to January’s topic, “The Joy of Single Tasking,” in The Philosopher’s Table, the repeated justification offered for an inability to concentrate on one thing at a time: helpless enslavement to a life too busy. “I have bills to pay, clients to meet, a dog to walk. I have too much to do, and make a new list every day.” The question: Does this preclude concentrating on each thing as you do it—pay bills…meet clients, one at a time…walk your dog? “I make crucial decisions and it will be dangerous if I don’t think ahead.” The question: Won’t it be dangerous if you aren’t single-minded on the “crucial” task at hand?
The phrase “driven to distraction” keeps coming to mind. We do, indeed, drive ourselves to distraction—no one else is in the driver’s seat! Neil Young’s inability to get audience members to turn off electronics at his recent performances at Carnegie Hall says a great deal. We fly in different directions and fail to land in any one place. Just listen to Neil. Taste ginger. Pay attention to the wind, to your breath, to the person speaking. If we hone the ability to concentrate through patient practice, we can enjoy the efficiency and relaxation that single tasking affords. Sip tea. See patients. Carve wood. Take out trash. Do those dratted taxes. Greet guests. Balance the ledger and oneself. Walk. Pause. Sit.
When I take the time to settle, my focus strengthens, and I actually make time. Truly, we create more time when we stop wasting it—unfocused, flitting here and there, complaining, perfecting procrastination. Years ago I read about a famous restaurant connected to a Zen Center in Kyoto, Japan. When asked what made the food so memorable, so delicious—after all, it was vegetarian and the ingredients ordinary—the Abbess replied: “When I wash rice, I wash rice.”
A child learns to walk, one step at a time. It remains, all our lives, very hard to take more than one at a time, yes?
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################################################################################
#
# uftp
#
################################################################################
UFTP_VERSION = 4.10.2
UFTP_SITE = http://sourceforge.net/projects/uftp-multicast/files/source-tar
UFTP_LICENSE = GPL-3.0+
UFTP_LICENSE_FILES = LICENSE.txt
ifeq ($(BR2_PACKAGE_OPENSSL),y)
UFTP_DEPENDENCIES += host-pkgconf openssl
UFTP_MAKE_OPTS += CRYPT_LIB="`$(PKG_CONFIG_HOST_BINARY) --libs libcrypto`"
else
UFTP_MAKE_OPTS += NO_ENCRYPTION=1
endif
define UFTP_BUILD_CMDS
$(TARGET_CONFIGURE_OPTS) $(MAKE) -C $(@D) $(UFTP_MAKE_OPTS)
endef
define UFTP_INSTALL_TARGET_CMDS
$(TARGET_CONFIGURE_OPTS) $(MAKE) -C $(@D) $(UFTP_MAKE_OPTS) \
DESTDIR=$(TARGET_DIR) install
endef
$(eval $(generic-package))
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Trudeau vacationing in Bahamas, PMO says
Prime Minister Justin Trudeau is vacationing in the Bahamas, his second Caribbean winter holiday in a row.
The Prime Minister’s Office confirmed to reporters Monday that Trudeau has flown to Bahamas’ capital city Nassau for his vacation – after previously not providing a location to reporters.
“Here is what I can confirm,” PMO spokesperson Andrée-Lyne Hallé said in a curt email to iPolitics. “He was flown to Nassau. He is taking private time with his family in the area.”
Last year around this time, Canadian media found out details about Trudeau’s Christmas vacation at an exclusive villa in St. Kitts and Nevis through local media and the celebrity gossip site TMZ. That trip’s details became public when the Prime Minister of St. Kitts and Nevis posted pictures of himself with Trudeau in front of a government plane.
Details also emerged recently that Trudeau’s ten-day caribbean vacation in late 2015 cost $64,000 for the RCMP accommodations, along with the $48,000 it cost to keep a flight crew posted nearby. The PMO said last year Trudeau would reimburse the economy class fares for the trip.
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package mockit;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import org.junit.*;
public final class TestedClassWithNoDITest
{
public static final class TestedClass {
private final Dependency dependency = new Dependency();
public boolean doSomeOperation() { return dependency.doSomething() > 0; }
}
static class Dependency { int doSomething() { return -1; } }
@Tested TestedClass tested1;
@Tested final TestedClass tested2 = new TestedClass();
@Tested TestedClass tested3;
@Tested NonPublicTestedClass tested4;
@Tested final TestedClass tested5 = null;
@Mocked Dependency mock;
TestedClass tested;
@Before
public void setUp() {
assertNotNull(mock);
assertNull(tested);
tested = new TestedClass();
assertNull(tested3);
tested3 = tested;
assertNull(tested1);
assertNotNull(tested2);
assertNull(tested4);
assertNull(tested5);
}
@Test
public void verifyTestedFields() {
assertNull(tested5);
assertNotNull(tested4);
assertNotNull(tested3);
assertSame(tested, tested3);
assertNotNull(tested2);
assertNotNull(tested1);
}
@Test
public void exerciseAutomaticallyInstantiatedTestedObject() {
new Expectations() {{ mock.doSomething(); result = 1; }};
assertTrue(tested1.doSomeOperation());
}
@Test
public void exerciseManuallyInstantiatedTestedObject() {
new Expectations() {{ mock.doSomething(); result = 1; }};
assertTrue(tested2.doSomeOperation());
new FullVerifications() {};
}
@Test
public void exerciseAnotherManuallyInstantiatedTestedObject() {
assertFalse(tested3.doSomeOperation());
new Verifications() {{ mock.doSomething(); times = 1; }};
}
}
class NonPublicTestedClass {
@SuppressWarnings("RedundantNoArgConstructor")
NonPublicTestedClass() {}
}
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<a href="qio_8c.html">Go to the documentation of this file.</a><div class="fragment"><div class="line"><a name="l00001"></a><span class="lineno"> 1</span> <span class="comment">/******************************************************************************</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00002"></a><span class="lineno"> 2</span> <span class="comment"> * qLibc</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00003"></a><span class="lineno"> 3</span> <span class="comment"> *</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00004"></a><span class="lineno"> 4</span> <span class="comment"> * Copyright (c) 2010-2015 Seungyoung Kim.</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00005"></a><span class="lineno"> 5</span> <span class="comment"> * All rights reserved.</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00006"></a><span class="lineno"> 6</span> <span class="comment"> *</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00007"></a><span class="lineno"> 7</span> <span class="comment"> * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00008"></a><span class="lineno"> 8</span> <span class="comment"> * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00009"></a><span class="lineno"> 9</span> <span class="comment"> *</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00010"></a><span class="lineno"> 10</span> <span class="comment"> * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00011"></a><span class="lineno"> 11</span> <span class="comment"> * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00012"></a><span class="lineno"> 12</span> <span class="comment"> * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00013"></a><span class="lineno"> 13</span> <span class="comment"> * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00014"></a><span class="lineno"> 14</span> <span class="comment"> * and/or other materials provided with the distribution.</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00015"></a><span class="lineno"> 15</span> <span class="comment"> *</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00016"></a><span class="lineno"> 16</span> <span class="comment"> * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00017"></a><span class="lineno"> 17</span> <span class="comment"> * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00018"></a><span class="lineno"> 18</span> <span class="comment"> * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00019"></a><span class="lineno"> 19</span> <span class="comment"> * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00020"></a><span class="lineno"> 20</span> <span class="comment"> * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00021"></a><span class="lineno"> 21</span> <span class="comment"> * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00022"></a><span class="lineno"> 22</span> <span class="comment"> * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00023"></a><span class="lineno"> 23</span> <span class="comment"> * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00024"></a><span class="lineno"> 24</span> <span class="comment"> * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00025"></a><span class="lineno"> 25</span> <span class="comment"> * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00026"></a><span class="lineno"> 26</span> <span class="comment"> * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00027"></a><span class="lineno"> 27</span> <span class="comment"> *****************************************************************************/</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00028"></a><span class="lineno"> 28</span> <span class="comment"></span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00029"></a><span class="lineno"> 29</span> <span class="comment">/**</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00030"></a><span class="lineno"> 30</span> <span class="comment"> * @file qio.c I/O handling APIs.</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00031"></a><span class="lineno"> 31</span> <span class="comment"> */</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00032"></a><span class="lineno"> 32</span> </div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00033"></a><span class="lineno"> 33</span> <span class="preprocessor">#include <stdio.h></span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00034"></a><span class="lineno"> 34</span> <span class="preprocessor">#include <stdlib.h></span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00035"></a><span class="lineno"> 35</span> <span class="preprocessor">#include <stdbool.h></span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00036"></a><span class="lineno"> 36</span> <span class="preprocessor">#include <stdarg.h></span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00037"></a><span class="lineno"> 37</span> <span class="preprocessor">#include <string.h></span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00038"></a><span class="lineno"> 38</span> <span class="preprocessor">#include <unistd.h></span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00039"></a><span class="lineno"> 39</span> <span class="preprocessor">#include <poll.h></span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00040"></a><span class="lineno"> 40</span> <span class="preprocessor">#include <errno.h></span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00041"></a><span class="lineno"> 41</span> <span class="preprocessor">#include "qinternal.h"</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00042"></a><span class="lineno"> 42</span> <span class="preprocessor">#include "utilities/qio.h"</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00043"></a><span class="lineno"> 43</span> </div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00044"></a><span class="lineno"> 44</span> <span class="preprocessor">#define MAX_IOSEND_SIZE (32 * 1024)</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00045"></a><span class="lineno"> 45</span> <span class="preprocessor"></span><span class="comment"></span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00046"></a><span class="lineno"> 46</span> <span class="comment">/**</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00047"></a><span class="lineno"> 47</span> <span class="comment"> * Test & wait until the file descriptor has readable data.</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00048"></a><span class="lineno"> 48</span> <span class="comment"> *</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00049"></a><span class="lineno"> 49</span> <span class="comment"> * @param fd file descriptor</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00050"></a><span class="lineno"> 50</span> <span class="comment"> * @param timeoutms wait timeout milliseconds. 0 for no wait,</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00051"></a><span class="lineno"> 51</span> <span class="comment"> * -1 for infinite wait</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00052"></a><span class="lineno"> 52</span> <span class="comment"> *</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00053"></a><span class="lineno"> 53</span> <span class="comment"> * @return 1 if readable, 0 on timeout, -1 if an error occurred.</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00054"></a><span class="lineno"> 54</span> <span class="comment"> *</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00055"></a><span class="lineno"> 55</span> <span class="comment"> * @note</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00056"></a><span class="lineno"> 56</span> <span class="comment"> * The argument timeoutms can be used to set maximum wait time for a socket</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00057"></a><span class="lineno"> 57</span> <span class="comment"> * descriptor.</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00058"></a><span class="lineno"> 58</span> <span class="comment"> */</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00059"></a><span class="lineno"><a class="line" href="qio_8c.html#a8a695a43ebb605d243e56ad48937862e"> 59</a></span> <span class="keywordtype">int</span> <a class="code" href="qio_8c.html#a8a695a43ebb605d243e56ad48937862e">qio_wait_readable</a>(<span class="keywordtype">int</span> fd, <span class="keywordtype">int</span> timeoutms) {</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00060"></a><span class="lineno"> 60</span>  <span class="keyword">struct </span>pollfd fds[1];</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00061"></a><span class="lineno"> 61</span> </div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00062"></a><span class="lineno"> 62</span>  fds[0].fd = fd;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00063"></a><span class="lineno"> 63</span>  fds[0].events = POLLIN;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00064"></a><span class="lineno"> 64</span> </div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00065"></a><span class="lineno"> 65</span>  <span class="keywordtype">int</span> pollret = poll(fds, 1, timeoutms);</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00066"></a><span class="lineno"> 66</span>  <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (pollret == 0) {</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00067"></a><span class="lineno"> 67</span>  errno = ETIMEDOUT;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00068"></a><span class="lineno"> 68</span>  <span class="keywordflow">return</span> 0;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00069"></a><span class="lineno"> 69</span>  } <span class="keywordflow">else</span> <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (pollret < 0) {</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00070"></a><span class="lineno"> 70</span>  <span class="keywordflow">return</span> -1;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00071"></a><span class="lineno"> 71</span>  }</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00072"></a><span class="lineno"> 72</span> </div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00073"></a><span class="lineno"> 73</span>  <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (fds[0].revents & POLLIN)</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00074"></a><span class="lineno"> 74</span>  <span class="keywordflow">return</span> 1;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00075"></a><span class="lineno"> 75</span>  <span class="keywordflow">return</span> -1;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00076"></a><span class="lineno"> 76</span> }</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00077"></a><span class="lineno"> 77</span> <span class="comment"></span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00078"></a><span class="lineno"> 78</span> <span class="comment">/**</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00079"></a><span class="lineno"> 79</span> <span class="comment"> * Test & wait until the file descriptor is ready for writing.</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00080"></a><span class="lineno"> 80</span> <span class="comment"> *</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00081"></a><span class="lineno"> 81</span> <span class="comment"> * @param fd file descriptor</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00082"></a><span class="lineno"> 82</span> <span class="comment"> * @param timeoutms wait timeout milliseconds. 0 for no wait,</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00083"></a><span class="lineno"> 83</span> <span class="comment"> * -1 for infinite wait</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00084"></a><span class="lineno"> 84</span> <span class="comment"> *</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00085"></a><span class="lineno"> 85</span> <span class="comment"> * @return 1 if writable, 0 on timeout, -1 if an error occurred.</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00086"></a><span class="lineno"> 86</span> <span class="comment"> */</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00087"></a><span class="lineno"><a class="line" href="qio_8c.html#ac905811f0daa394ffef7beab68585a55"> 87</a></span> <span class="keywordtype">int</span> <a class="code" href="qio_8c.html#ac905811f0daa394ffef7beab68585a55">qio_wait_writable</a>(<span class="keywordtype">int</span> fd, <span class="keywordtype">int</span> timeoutms) {</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00088"></a><span class="lineno"> 88</span>  <span class="keyword">struct </span>pollfd fds[1];</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00089"></a><span class="lineno"> 89</span> </div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00090"></a><span class="lineno"> 90</span>  fds[0].fd = fd;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00091"></a><span class="lineno"> 91</span>  fds[0].events = POLLOUT;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00092"></a><span class="lineno"> 92</span> </div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00093"></a><span class="lineno"> 93</span>  <span class="keywordtype">int</span> pollret = poll(fds, 1, timeoutms);</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00094"></a><span class="lineno"> 94</span>  <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (pollret == 0) {</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00095"></a><span class="lineno"> 95</span>  errno = ETIMEDOUT;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00096"></a><span class="lineno"> 96</span>  <span class="keywordflow">return</span> 0;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00097"></a><span class="lineno"> 97</span>  } <span class="keywordflow">else</span> <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (pollret < 0) {</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00098"></a><span class="lineno"> 98</span>  <span class="keywordflow">return</span> -1;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00099"></a><span class="lineno"> 99</span>  }</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00100"></a><span class="lineno"> 100</span> </div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00101"></a><span class="lineno"> 101</span>  <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (fds[0].revents & POLLOUT)</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00102"></a><span class="lineno"> 102</span>  <span class="keywordflow">return</span> 1;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00103"></a><span class="lineno"> 103</span>  <span class="keywordflow">return</span> -1;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00104"></a><span class="lineno"> 104</span> }</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00105"></a><span class="lineno"> 105</span> <span class="comment"></span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00106"></a><span class="lineno"> 106</span> <span class="comment">/**</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00107"></a><span class="lineno"> 107</span> <span class="comment"> * Read from a file descriptor.</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00108"></a><span class="lineno"> 108</span> <span class="comment"> *</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00109"></a><span class="lineno"> 109</span> <span class="comment"> * @param fd file descriptor</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00110"></a><span class="lineno"> 110</span> <span class="comment"> * @param buf data buffer pointer to write to</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00111"></a><span class="lineno"> 111</span> <span class="comment"> * @param nbytes the number of bytes to read from file descriptor & write</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00112"></a><span class="lineno"> 112</span> <span class="comment"> * into buffer</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00113"></a><span class="lineno"> 113</span> <span class="comment"> * @param timeoutms wait timeout milliseconds. 0 for no wait, -1 for infinite</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00114"></a><span class="lineno"> 114</span> <span class="comment"> * wait</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00115"></a><span class="lineno"> 115</span> <span class="comment"> *</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00116"></a><span class="lineno"> 116</span> <span class="comment"> * @return the number of bytes read if successful, 0 on timeout, -1 for error.</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00117"></a><span class="lineno"> 117</span> <span class="comment"> */</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00118"></a><span class="lineno"><a class="line" href="qio_8c.html#aa34911362f1793ed1e744d3eb63500db"> 118</a></span> ssize_t <a class="code" href="qio_8c.html#aa34911362f1793ed1e744d3eb63500db">qio_read</a>(<span class="keywordtype">int</span> fd, <span class="keywordtype">void</span> *buf, <span class="keywordtype">size_t</span> nbytes, <span class="keywordtype">int</span> timeoutms) {</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00119"></a><span class="lineno"> 119</span>  <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (nbytes == 0)</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00120"></a><span class="lineno"> 120</span>  <span class="keywordflow">return</span> 0;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00121"></a><span class="lineno"> 121</span> </div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00122"></a><span class="lineno"> 122</span>  ssize_t total = 0;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00123"></a><span class="lineno"> 123</span>  <span class="keywordflow">while</span> (total < nbytes) {</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00124"></a><span class="lineno"> 124</span>  <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (timeoutms >= 0 && <a class="code" href="qio_8c.html#a8a695a43ebb605d243e56ad48937862e">qio_wait_readable</a>(fd, timeoutms) <= 0)</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00125"></a><span class="lineno"> 125</span>  <span class="keywordflow">break</span>;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00126"></a><span class="lineno"> 126</span> </div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00127"></a><span class="lineno"> 127</span>  ssize_t rsize = read(fd, buf + total, nbytes - total);</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00128"></a><span class="lineno"> 128</span>  <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (rsize <= 0) {</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00129"></a><span class="lineno"> 129</span>  <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EINPROGRESS) {</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00130"></a><span class="lineno"> 130</span>  <span class="comment">// possible with non-block io</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00131"></a><span class="lineno"> 131</span>  usleep(1);</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00132"></a><span class="lineno"> 132</span>  <span class="keywordflow">continue</span>;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00133"></a><span class="lineno"> 133</span>  }</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00134"></a><span class="lineno"> 134</span>  <span class="keywordflow">break</span>;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00135"></a><span class="lineno"> 135</span>  }</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00136"></a><span class="lineno"> 136</span>  total += rsize;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00137"></a><span class="lineno"> 137</span>  }</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00138"></a><span class="lineno"> 138</span> </div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00139"></a><span class="lineno"> 139</span>  <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (total > 0)</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00140"></a><span class="lineno"> 140</span>  <span class="keywordflow">return</span> total;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00141"></a><span class="lineno"> 141</span>  <span class="keywordflow">else</span> <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (errno == ETIMEDOUT)</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00142"></a><span class="lineno"> 142</span>  <span class="keywordflow">return</span> 0;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00143"></a><span class="lineno"> 143</span>  <span class="keywordflow">return</span> -1;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00144"></a><span class="lineno"> 144</span> }</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00145"></a><span class="lineno"> 145</span> <span class="comment"></span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00146"></a><span class="lineno"> 146</span> <span class="comment">/**</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00147"></a><span class="lineno"> 147</span> <span class="comment"> * Write to a file descriptor.</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00148"></a><span class="lineno"> 148</span> <span class="comment"> *</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00149"></a><span class="lineno"> 149</span> <span class="comment"> * @param fd file descriptor</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00150"></a><span class="lineno"> 150</span> <span class="comment"> * @param buf data buffer pointer to read from</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00151"></a><span class="lineno"> 151</span> <span class="comment"> * @param nbytes the number of bytes to write to file descriptor & read</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00152"></a><span class="lineno"> 152</span> <span class="comment"> * from buffer</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00153"></a><span class="lineno"> 153</span> <span class="comment"> * @param timeoutms wait timeout milliseconds. 0 for no wait, -1 for infinite</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00154"></a><span class="lineno"> 154</span> <span class="comment"> * wait</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00155"></a><span class="lineno"> 155</span> <span class="comment"> *</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00156"></a><span class="lineno"> 156</span> <span class="comment"> * @return the number of bytes written if successful, 0 on timeout,</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00157"></a><span class="lineno"> 157</span> <span class="comment"> * -1 for error.</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00158"></a><span class="lineno"> 158</span> <span class="comment"> */</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00159"></a><span class="lineno"><a class="line" href="qio_8c.html#a0645cf0a3bcfc79ee3829012243d46d8"> 159</a></span> ssize_t <a class="code" href="qio_8c.html#a0645cf0a3bcfc79ee3829012243d46d8">qio_write</a>(<span class="keywordtype">int</span> fd, <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keywordtype">void</span> *buf, <span class="keywordtype">size_t</span> nbytes, <span class="keywordtype">int</span> timeoutms) {</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00160"></a><span class="lineno"> 160</span>  <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (nbytes == 0)</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00161"></a><span class="lineno"> 161</span>  <span class="keywordflow">return</span> 0;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00162"></a><span class="lineno"> 162</span> </div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00163"></a><span class="lineno"> 163</span>  ssize_t total = 0;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00164"></a><span class="lineno"> 164</span>  <span class="keywordflow">while</span> (total < nbytes) {</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00165"></a><span class="lineno"> 165</span>  <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (timeoutms >= 0 && <a class="code" href="qio_8c.html#ac905811f0daa394ffef7beab68585a55">qio_wait_writable</a>(fd, timeoutms) <= 0)</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00166"></a><span class="lineno"> 166</span>  <span class="keywordflow">break</span>;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00167"></a><span class="lineno"> 167</span>  ssize_t wsize = write(fd, buf + total, nbytes - total);</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00168"></a><span class="lineno"> 168</span>  <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (wsize <= 0) {</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00169"></a><span class="lineno"> 169</span>  <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EINPROGRESS) {</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00170"></a><span class="lineno"> 170</span>  <span class="comment">// possible with non-block io</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00171"></a><span class="lineno"> 171</span>  usleep(1);</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00172"></a><span class="lineno"> 172</span>  <span class="keywordflow">continue</span>;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00173"></a><span class="lineno"> 173</span>  }</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00174"></a><span class="lineno"> 174</span>  <span class="keywordflow">break</span>;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00175"></a><span class="lineno"> 175</span>  }</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00176"></a><span class="lineno"> 176</span>  total += wsize;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00177"></a><span class="lineno"> 177</span>  }</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00178"></a><span class="lineno"> 178</span> </div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00179"></a><span class="lineno"> 179</span>  <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (total > 0)</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00180"></a><span class="lineno"> 180</span>  <span class="keywordflow">return</span> total;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00181"></a><span class="lineno"> 181</span>  <span class="keywordflow">else</span> <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (errno == ETIMEDOUT)</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00182"></a><span class="lineno"> 182</span>  <span class="keywordflow">return</span> 0;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00183"></a><span class="lineno"> 183</span>  <span class="keywordflow">return</span> -1;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00184"></a><span class="lineno"> 184</span> }</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00185"></a><span class="lineno"> 185</span> <span class="comment"></span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00186"></a><span class="lineno"> 186</span> <span class="comment">/**</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00187"></a><span class="lineno"> 187</span> <span class="comment"> * Transfer data between file descriptors</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00188"></a><span class="lineno"> 188</span> <span class="comment"> *</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00189"></a><span class="lineno"> 189</span> <span class="comment"> * @param outfd output file descriptor</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00190"></a><span class="lineno"> 190</span> <span class="comment"> * @param infd input file descriptor</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00191"></a><span class="lineno"> 191</span> <span class="comment"> * @param nbytes the number of bytes to copy between file descriptors.</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00192"></a><span class="lineno"> 192</span> <span class="comment"> * 0 means transfer until end of infd.</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00193"></a><span class="lineno"> 193</span> <span class="comment"> * @param timeoutms wait timeout milliseconds. 0 for no wait, -1 for infinite</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00194"></a><span class="lineno"> 194</span> <span class="comment"> * wait</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00195"></a><span class="lineno"> 195</span> <span class="comment"> *</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00196"></a><span class="lineno"> 196</span> <span class="comment"> * @return the number of bytes transferred if successful, 0 on timeout,</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00197"></a><span class="lineno"> 197</span> <span class="comment"> * -1 for error.</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00198"></a><span class="lineno"> 198</span> <span class="comment"> */</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00199"></a><span class="lineno"><a class="line" href="qio_8c.html#aafd34a0ab9f916ded37b1634cac3ab6a"> 199</a></span> off_t <a class="code" href="qio_8c.html#aafd34a0ab9f916ded37b1634cac3ab6a">qio_send</a>(<span class="keywordtype">int</span> outfd, <span class="keywordtype">int</span> infd, off_t nbytes, <span class="keywordtype">int</span> timeoutms) {</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00200"></a><span class="lineno"> 200</span>  <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (nbytes == 0)</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00201"></a><span class="lineno"> 201</span>  <span class="keywordflow">return</span> 0;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00202"></a><span class="lineno"> 202</span> </div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00203"></a><span class="lineno"> 203</span>  <span class="keywordtype">unsigned</span> <span class="keywordtype">char</span> buf[MAX_IOSEND_SIZE];</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00204"></a><span class="lineno"> 204</span> </div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00205"></a><span class="lineno"> 205</span>  off_t total = 0; <span class="comment">// total size sent</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00206"></a><span class="lineno"> 206</span>  <span class="keywordflow">while</span> (total < nbytes) {</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00207"></a><span class="lineno"> 207</span>  <span class="keywordtype">size_t</span> chunksize; <span class="comment">// this time sending size</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00208"></a><span class="lineno"> 208</span>  <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (nbytes - total <= <span class="keyword">sizeof</span>(buf))</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00209"></a><span class="lineno"> 209</span>  chunksize = nbytes - total;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00210"></a><span class="lineno"> 210</span>  <span class="keywordflow">else</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00211"></a><span class="lineno"> 211</span>  chunksize = <span class="keyword">sizeof</span>(buf);</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00212"></a><span class="lineno"> 212</span> </div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00213"></a><span class="lineno"> 213</span>  <span class="comment">// read</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00214"></a><span class="lineno"> 214</span>  ssize_t rsize = <a class="code" href="qio_8c.html#aa34911362f1793ed1e744d3eb63500db">qio_read</a>(infd, buf, chunksize, timeoutms);</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00215"></a><span class="lineno"> 215</span>  DEBUG(<span class="stringliteral">"read %zd"</span>, rsize);</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00216"></a><span class="lineno"> 216</span>  <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (rsize <= 0)</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00217"></a><span class="lineno"> 217</span>  <span class="keywordflow">break</span>;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00218"></a><span class="lineno"> 218</span> </div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00219"></a><span class="lineno"> 219</span>  <span class="comment">// write</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00220"></a><span class="lineno"> 220</span>  ssize_t wsize = <a class="code" href="qio_8c.html#a0645cf0a3bcfc79ee3829012243d46d8">qio_write</a>(outfd, buf, rsize, timeoutms);</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00221"></a><span class="lineno"> 221</span>  DEBUG(<span class="stringliteral">"write %zd"</span>, wsize);</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00222"></a><span class="lineno"> 222</span>  <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (wsize <= 0)</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00223"></a><span class="lineno"> 223</span>  <span class="keywordflow">break</span>;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00224"></a><span class="lineno"> 224</span> </div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00225"></a><span class="lineno"> 225</span>  total += wsize;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00226"></a><span class="lineno"> 226</span>  <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (rsize != wsize) {</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00227"></a><span class="lineno"> 227</span>  DEBUG(<span class="stringliteral">"size mismatch. read:%zd, write:%zd"</span>, rsize, wsize);</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00228"></a><span class="lineno"> 228</span>  <span class="keywordflow">break</span>;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00229"></a><span class="lineno"> 229</span>  }</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00230"></a><span class="lineno"> 230</span>  }</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00231"></a><span class="lineno"> 231</span> </div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00232"></a><span class="lineno"> 232</span>  <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (total > 0)</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00233"></a><span class="lineno"> 233</span>  <span class="keywordflow">return</span> total;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00234"></a><span class="lineno"> 234</span>  <span class="keywordflow">else</span> <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (errno == ETIMEDOUT)</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00235"></a><span class="lineno"> 235</span>  <span class="keywordflow">return</span> 0;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00236"></a><span class="lineno"> 236</span>  <span class="keywordflow">return</span> -1;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00237"></a><span class="lineno"> 237</span> }</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00238"></a><span class="lineno"> 238</span> <span class="comment"></span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00239"></a><span class="lineno"> 239</span> <span class="comment">/**</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00240"></a><span class="lineno"> 240</span> <span class="comment"> * Read a line from a file descriptor into the buffer pointed to until either a</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00241"></a><span class="lineno"> 241</span> <span class="comment"> * terminating newline or EOF. New-line characters(CR, LF ) will not be stored</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00242"></a><span class="lineno"> 242</span> <span class="comment"> * into buffer.</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00243"></a><span class="lineno"> 243</span> <span class="comment"> *</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00244"></a><span class="lineno"> 244</span> <span class="comment"> * @param fd file descriptor</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00245"></a><span class="lineno"> 245</span> <span class="comment"> * @param buf data buffer pointer</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00246"></a><span class="lineno"> 246</span> <span class="comment"> * @param bufsize buffer size</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00247"></a><span class="lineno"> 247</span> <span class="comment"> * @param timeoutms wait timeout milliseconds. 0 for no wait, -1 for infinite</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00248"></a><span class="lineno"> 248</span> <span class="comment"> * wait</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00249"></a><span class="lineno"> 249</span> <span class="comment"> *</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00250"></a><span class="lineno"> 250</span> <span class="comment"> * @return the number of bytes read if successful, 0 on timeout, -1 for error.</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00251"></a><span class="lineno"> 251</span> <span class="comment"> *</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00252"></a><span class="lineno"> 252</span> <span class="comment"> * @note</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00253"></a><span class="lineno"> 253</span> <span class="comment"> * Be sure the return value does not mean the length of actual stored data.</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00254"></a><span class="lineno"> 254</span> <span class="comment"> * It means how many bytes are readed from the file descriptor,</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00255"></a><span class="lineno"> 255</span> <span class="comment"> * so the new-line characters will be counted, but not be stored.</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00256"></a><span class="lineno"> 256</span> <span class="comment"> */</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00257"></a><span class="lineno"><a class="line" href="qio_8c.html#ab7ce64cc8cd837de47c91d1bdcb17cf5"> 257</a></span> ssize_t <a class="code" href="qio_8c.html#ab7ce64cc8cd837de47c91d1bdcb17cf5">qio_gets</a>(<span class="keywordtype">int</span> fd, <span class="keywordtype">char</span> *buf, <span class="keywordtype">size_t</span> bufsize, <span class="keywordtype">int</span> timeoutms) {</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00258"></a><span class="lineno"> 258</span>  <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (bufsize <= 1)</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00259"></a><span class="lineno"> 259</span>  <span class="keywordflow">return</span> -1;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00260"></a><span class="lineno"> 260</span> </div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00261"></a><span class="lineno"> 261</span>  ssize_t readcnt = 0;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00262"></a><span class="lineno"> 262</span>  <span class="keywordtype">char</span> *ptr;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00263"></a><span class="lineno"> 263</span>  <span class="keywordflow">for</span> (ptr = buf; readcnt < (bufsize - 1); ptr++) {</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00264"></a><span class="lineno"> 264</span>  ssize_t rsize = <a class="code" href="qio_8c.html#aa34911362f1793ed1e744d3eb63500db">qio_read</a>(fd, ptr, 1, timeoutms);</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00265"></a><span class="lineno"> 265</span>  <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (rsize != 1) {</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00266"></a><span class="lineno"> 266</span>  <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (errno == EAGAIN || errno == EINPROGRESS) {</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00267"></a><span class="lineno"> 267</span>  <span class="comment">// possible with non-block io</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00268"></a><span class="lineno"> 268</span>  usleep(1);</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00269"></a><span class="lineno"> 269</span>  <span class="keywordflow">continue</span>;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00270"></a><span class="lineno"> 270</span>  }</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00271"></a><span class="lineno"> 271</span>  <span class="keywordflow">break</span>;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00272"></a><span class="lineno"> 272</span>  }</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00273"></a><span class="lineno"> 273</span> </div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00274"></a><span class="lineno"> 274</span>  readcnt++;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00275"></a><span class="lineno"> 275</span>  <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (*ptr == <span class="charliteral">'\r'</span>)</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00276"></a><span class="lineno"> 276</span>  ptr--;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00277"></a><span class="lineno"> 277</span>  <span class="keywordflow">else</span> <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (*ptr == <span class="charliteral">'\n'</span>)</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00278"></a><span class="lineno"> 278</span>  <span class="keywordflow">break</span>;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00279"></a><span class="lineno"> 279</span>  }</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00280"></a><span class="lineno"> 280</span> </div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00281"></a><span class="lineno"> 281</span>  *ptr = <span class="charliteral">'\0'</span>;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00282"></a><span class="lineno"> 282</span> </div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00283"></a><span class="lineno"> 283</span>  <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (readcnt > 0)</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00284"></a><span class="lineno"> 284</span>  <span class="keywordflow">return</span> readcnt;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00285"></a><span class="lineno"> 285</span>  <span class="keywordflow">else</span> <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (errno == ETIMEDOUT)</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00286"></a><span class="lineno"> 286</span>  <span class="keywordflow">return</span> 0;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00287"></a><span class="lineno"> 287</span>  <span class="keywordflow">return</span> -1;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00288"></a><span class="lineno"> 288</span> }</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00289"></a><span class="lineno"> 289</span> <span class="comment"></span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00290"></a><span class="lineno"> 290</span> <span class="comment">/**</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00291"></a><span class="lineno"> 291</span> <span class="comment"> * Writes the string and a trailing newline to file descriptor.</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00292"></a><span class="lineno"> 292</span> <span class="comment"> *</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00293"></a><span class="lineno"> 293</span> <span class="comment"> * @param fd file descriptor</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00294"></a><span class="lineno"> 294</span> <span class="comment"> * @param str string pointer</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00295"></a><span class="lineno"> 295</span> <span class="comment"> * @param timeoutms wait timeout milliseconds. 0 for no wait, -1 for infinite</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00296"></a><span class="lineno"> 296</span> <span class="comment"> * wait</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00297"></a><span class="lineno"> 297</span> <span class="comment"> *</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00298"></a><span class="lineno"> 298</span> <span class="comment"> * @return the number of bytes written including trailing newline characters</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00299"></a><span class="lineno"> 299</span> <span class="comment"> * if successful, 0 for timeout and -1 for errors.</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00300"></a><span class="lineno"> 300</span> <span class="comment"> */</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00301"></a><span class="lineno"><a class="line" href="qio_8c.html#a2c00200ce1766b2b81dafd9b9f20f6d0"> 301</a></span> ssize_t <a class="code" href="qio_8c.html#a2c00200ce1766b2b81dafd9b9f20f6d0">qio_puts</a>(<span class="keywordtype">int</span> fd, <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keywordtype">char</span> *str, <span class="keywordtype">int</span> timeoutms) {</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00302"></a><span class="lineno"> 302</span>  <span class="keywordtype">size_t</span> strsize = strlen(str);</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00303"></a><span class="lineno"> 303</span>  <span class="keywordtype">char</span> *newstr = (<span class="keywordtype">char</span> *) malloc(strsize + 1 + 1);</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00304"></a><span class="lineno"> 304</span>  <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (newstr == NULL)</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00305"></a><span class="lineno"> 305</span>  <span class="keywordflow">return</span> -1;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00306"></a><span class="lineno"> 306</span>  strncpy(newstr, str, strsize);</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00307"></a><span class="lineno"> 307</span>  newstr[strsize] = <span class="charliteral">'\n'</span>;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00308"></a><span class="lineno"> 308</span>  newstr[strsize + 1] = <span class="charliteral">'\0'</span>;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00309"></a><span class="lineno"> 309</span>  ssize_t ret = <a class="code" href="qio_8c.html#a0645cf0a3bcfc79ee3829012243d46d8">qio_write</a>(fd, newstr, strsize + 1, timeoutms);</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00310"></a><span class="lineno"> 310</span>  free(newstr);</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00311"></a><span class="lineno"> 311</span>  <span class="keywordflow">return</span> ret;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00312"></a><span class="lineno"> 312</span> }</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00313"></a><span class="lineno"> 313</span> <span class="comment"></span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00314"></a><span class="lineno"> 314</span> <span class="comment">/**</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00315"></a><span class="lineno"> 315</span> <span class="comment"> * Formatted output to a file descriptor</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00316"></a><span class="lineno"> 316</span> <span class="comment"> *</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00317"></a><span class="lineno"> 317</span> <span class="comment"> * @param fd file descriptor</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00318"></a><span class="lineno"> 318</span> <span class="comment"> * @param timeoutms wait timeout milliseconds. 0 for no wait, -1 for infinite</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00319"></a><span class="lineno"> 319</span> <span class="comment"> * wait</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00320"></a><span class="lineno"> 320</span> <span class="comment"> * @param format format string</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00321"></a><span class="lineno"> 321</span> <span class="comment"> *</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00322"></a><span class="lineno"> 322</span> <span class="comment"> * @return the number of bytes written including trailing newline characters</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00323"></a><span class="lineno"> 323</span> <span class="comment"> * if successful, 0 for timeout and -1 for errors.</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00324"></a><span class="lineno"> 324</span> <span class="comment"> */</span></div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00325"></a><span class="lineno"><a class="line" href="qio_8c.html#ad2b7b0e9eb6e217a36422de18570b4e3"> 325</a></span> ssize_t <a class="code" href="qio_8c.html#ad2b7b0e9eb6e217a36422de18570b4e3">qio_printf</a>(<span class="keywordtype">int</span> fd, <span class="keywordtype">int</span> timeoutms, <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keywordtype">char</span> *format, ...) {</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00326"></a><span class="lineno"> 326</span>  <span class="keywordtype">char</span> *buf;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00327"></a><span class="lineno"> 327</span>  DYNAMIC_VSPRINTF(buf, format);</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00328"></a><span class="lineno"> 328</span>  <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (buf == NULL)</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00329"></a><span class="lineno"> 329</span>  <span class="keywordflow">return</span> -1;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00330"></a><span class="lineno"> 330</span> </div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00331"></a><span class="lineno"> 331</span>  ssize_t ret = <a class="code" href="qio_8c.html#a0645cf0a3bcfc79ee3829012243d46d8">qio_write</a>(fd, buf, strlen(buf), timeoutms);</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00332"></a><span class="lineno"> 332</span>  free(buf);</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00333"></a><span class="lineno"> 333</span> </div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00334"></a><span class="lineno"> 334</span>  <span class="keywordflow">return</span> ret;</div>
<div class="line"><a name="l00335"></a><span class="lineno"> 335</span> }</div>
<div class="ttc" id="qio_8c_html_ad2b7b0e9eb6e217a36422de18570b4e3"><div class="ttname"><a href="qio_8c.html#ad2b7b0e9eb6e217a36422de18570b4e3">qio_printf</a></div><div class="ttdeci">ssize_t qio_printf(int fd, int timeoutms, const char *format,...)</div><div class="ttdoc">Formatted output to a file descriptor. </div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> <a href="qio_8c_source.html#l00325">qio.c:325</a></div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="qio_8c_html_ab7ce64cc8cd837de47c91d1bdcb17cf5"><div class="ttname"><a href="qio_8c.html#ab7ce64cc8cd837de47c91d1bdcb17cf5">qio_gets</a></div><div class="ttdeci">ssize_t qio_gets(int fd, char *buf, size_t bufsize, int timeoutms)</div><div class="ttdoc">Read a line from a file descriptor into the buffer pointed to until either a terminating newline or E...</div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> <a href="qio_8c_source.html#l00257">qio.c:257</a></div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="qio_8c_html_a2c00200ce1766b2b81dafd9b9f20f6d0"><div class="ttname"><a href="qio_8c.html#a2c00200ce1766b2b81dafd9b9f20f6d0">qio_puts</a></div><div class="ttdeci">ssize_t qio_puts(int fd, const char *str, int timeoutms)</div><div class="ttdoc">Writes the string and a trailing newline to file descriptor. </div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> <a href="qio_8c_source.html#l00301">qio.c:301</a></div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="qio_8c_html_aafd34a0ab9f916ded37b1634cac3ab6a"><div class="ttname"><a href="qio_8c.html#aafd34a0ab9f916ded37b1634cac3ab6a">qio_send</a></div><div class="ttdeci">off_t qio_send(int outfd, int infd, off_t nbytes, int timeoutms)</div><div class="ttdoc">Transfer data between file descriptors. </div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> <a href="qio_8c_source.html#l00199">qio.c:199</a></div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="qio_8c_html_aa34911362f1793ed1e744d3eb63500db"><div class="ttname"><a href="qio_8c.html#aa34911362f1793ed1e744d3eb63500db">qio_read</a></div><div class="ttdeci">ssize_t qio_read(int fd, void *buf, size_t nbytes, int timeoutms)</div><div class="ttdoc">Read from a file descriptor. </div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> <a href="qio_8c_source.html#l00118">qio.c:118</a></div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="qio_8c_html_ac905811f0daa394ffef7beab68585a55"><div class="ttname"><a href="qio_8c.html#ac905811f0daa394ffef7beab68585a55">qio_wait_writable</a></div><div class="ttdeci">int qio_wait_writable(int fd, int timeoutms)</div><div class="ttdoc">Test & wait until the file descriptor is ready for writing. </div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> <a href="qio_8c_source.html#l00087">qio.c:87</a></div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="qio_8c_html_a0645cf0a3bcfc79ee3829012243d46d8"><div class="ttname"><a href="qio_8c.html#a0645cf0a3bcfc79ee3829012243d46d8">qio_write</a></div><div class="ttdeci">ssize_t qio_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t nbytes, int timeoutms)</div><div class="ttdoc">Write to a file descriptor. </div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> <a href="qio_8c_source.html#l00159">qio.c:159</a></div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="qio_8c_html_a8a695a43ebb605d243e56ad48937862e"><div class="ttname"><a href="qio_8c.html#a8a695a43ebb605d243e56ad48937862e">qio_wait_readable</a></div><div class="ttdeci">int qio_wait_readable(int fd, int timeoutms)</div><div class="ttdoc">Test & wait until the file descriptor has readable data. </div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> <a href="qio_8c_source.html#l00059">qio.c:59</a></div></div>
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Daily Archives: July 30, 2018
I have to thank my lovely mother for sending me the print copy of this amazing book – the cover is beautiful and so is the story…
Alaska, 1974. Unpredictable. Unforgiving. Untamed. For a family in crisis, the ultimate test of survival. Ernt Allbright, a former POW, comes home from the Vietnam war a changed and volatile man. When he loses yet another job, he makes an impulsive decision: he will move his family north, to Alaska, where they will live off the grid in America’s last true frontier.
Thirteen-year-old Leni, a girl coming of age in a tumultuous time, caught in the riptide of her parents’ passionate, stormy relationship, dares to hope that a new land will lead to a better future for her family. She is desperate for a place to belong. Her mother, Cora, will do anything and go anywhere for the man she loves, even if it means following him into the unknown.
We are mostly in Leni’s viewpoint throughout this book, which takes us through Leni’s growing up years until she is a woman. I loved her character. Hannah’s writing is lyrical, intense and passionate, allowing us to get right inside the character of this sensitive, observant child. And of course she is hyperaware of the adults around her – with such an unstable family dynamic, it’s the only way she can survive…
I also love Hannah’s depiction of Alaska, which is clearly a remarkable place that attracts remarkable people. And you need something about you that finds modern life in busy cities with all the trappings of civilisation inherently uncomfortable – or you wouldn’t be able to cope in such a challenging environment. The historical flavour of the time is also well captured – having lived through it, I do recall the sense that everything was sliding away. While we didn’t have the draft and a savage war to deal with in the UK, we did have strikes, the 3-day week and the oil crisis.
This one was impossible to put down, once I started to read. The way the family dynamic worked was very well portrayed – it would have been so easy to have depicted her parents as uncaring or complete monsters. But they were nothing of the sort – they were people caught up in events and dealing with the fallout without any support – it’s been well documented elsewhere just what disgraceful treatment the Vietnam veterans endured once they returned home, often traumatised and unable to work.
As for the climax of the novel – I wasn’t sure about the ultimate ending, to be honest. I think it was just a bit too upbeat, given what had happened. But overall, this is an amazing read that I will recall with great pleasure. Highly recommended for fans of books based on recent history and family-based adventure.
9/10
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Monday, January 27, 2014
By stealing data out of the apps you use, according to an article in today’s Guardian, the NSA even can determine your specific sexual preferences.
The National Security Agency and its UK counterpart GCHQ have been developing capabilities to take advantage of "leaky" smartphone apps, such as the wildly popular Angry Birds game, that transmit users' private information across the internet, according to top secret documents.
The data pouring onto communication networks from the new generation of iPhone and Android apps ranges from phone model and screen size to personal details such as age, gender and location. Some apps, the documents state, can share users' most sensitive information such as sexual orientation – and one app recorded in the material even sends specific sexual preferences such as whether or not the user may be a swinger.
Part of the genius of dribbling out the Edward Snowden data a little bit at a time is that it ought to keep the public’s anger level high. If the above revelations don’t make you angry, maybe the next batch will.
As the article explains, even the photos that smartphone users upload to Facebook and other sites contain EXIF data that gives the NSA details such as the location the photo was taken. The NSA computers put together anything they can get on you:
Depending on what profile information a user had supplied, the documents suggested, the agency would be able to collect almost every key detail of a user's life: including home country, current location (through geolocation), age, gender, zip code, martial status – options included "single", "married", "divorced", "swinger" and more – income, ethnicity, sexual orientation, education level, and number of children.
Not mentioned in the article is that all levels of government share information. Hawaii has a “fusion center,” so all of that information may be shared with local police. We’ll never know what they are sharing, of course.
Not angry yet? Please click on the link above and go to the Guardian article.
Let me close with this snip from the same article:
An ability to make the phone's microphone 'hot', to listen in to conversations, is named "Nosey Smurf".
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Pages
Wednesday, May 18, 2011
doing fine
Looking back at the last two posts, I fear I may come across as slightly more traumatized than I actually am about the shots fired and whatnot. I wanted to write about the incident the way it felt when it happened - and there were big feelings - but I noticed that the big feelings faded fairly quickly. We are doing just fine.
A couple thoughts still linger with me, tensions that have always been a part of my life in this neighborhood but thrown into greater relief after this experience.
1. Teenagers are scary kids. I have always understood that teenagers are people that most adults find a little frightening, especially when they are in groups. I've never wanted to feel that way about a group of people, and I think I have mostly focused on the kid part - they're just kids. Which is true. However, kids do dumb things (like, oh, say shooting a gun at public park at 4 in the afternoon) when given the chance. Which can be pretty scary. One of my neighbors and I were discussing this and she told me that she thinks of teenagers as being like someone who has never driven a car being given a Ferrari. "Great equipment, no idea how to use it." She said. It's the decision making skills that are scary - and around here there is more than one teenager whose life gives him(or her) no power outside of guns and violence, and no tempering parental presence to help bridge the gap between ability to act and the ability to decide. So. Maybe it's okay to temper my compassion with a little bit of wariness when it comes to the teens.
2. I still love my neighborhood, but it's complicated. (and that's okay) I am used to loving things completely and unreservedly. One of the reasons I love my neighborhood is that it makes me think. There are lots of reasons - racial and economic diversity, lots of parks, my neighbors, proximity to downtown and my work and Andrew's work, etc. It gets in the 90th percentile for walkability scores. And it makes me think. Which is related mostly to the racial diversity part. For the past seven years I have been working on and questioning my internal danger response to certain situations - a group of black teenage boys being loud, hanging out for example. If I feel uncomfortable I question that response and attempt to get curious about it. There aren't clear lines, of course. And this experience reminded me that sometimes it's okay to see danger. Sometimes it's real. So I am thinking on that, working on it.
We have talked about going to our park again, but haven't actually done it yet. We will eventually. The weather is gradually, slowly, sometimes imperceptibly getting better and we have had some great sunny days. I have two more papers to write before the end of the quarter and three more Sundays at St. Paul's before I am done working there. Things are changing, but the sun is coming out. And we're doing fine.
4 comments:
in response to your #1 - yes teens are scary kids. I work with adolescents ("scary" "at-risk" youth no less) and I love them, but I can admit they can be scary and their frontal cortex is not yet fully developed which lead to their not making great decisions (aka doing really really stupid and impulsive things).
in response to your #2 I'm glad you still love your neighborhood and I hope that when you come across those things that make you think and question you have lots of opportunities to talk them through and really examine them :)
I am a firm believer that every "type" of neighborhood has its problems. We even had a drive by shooting between some mixed race gangs in North Ballard 5 blocks from my house in a neighborhood. We have drug dealers around the corner. 2 strip clubs, a plasma donation center (mostly frequented by drug users), a sex shop, a liquor store and a medical marijuana shop are all within easy walking distance. For those of you not in Seattle, Ballard is pretty pasty white.
But I still LOVE my neighborhood and don't want to move. It's hard not to think of teens as evil but if you focus on them just being kids with undeveloped brains (not being rude just truthful)and realize they are doing what they think they should, it can help. Most of them are fronting, trying to look tough and succeeding without realizing the consequences on how they are treated.
Beautiful picture, your girl is really growing up and has a lovely look about her. I'm not sure how I would respond to the events you witnessed but I think responses to teens and perceived danger is an interesting area to reflect on. I try to question my own responses, I don't want to teach my daughter to be afraid of young men. Her cousins will be young men, her father was a young man. However, my only experience of crime, fleeting though it was, was at the hands of teen boys. I'll think on the idea of equipment and decision making, thanks for raising this.
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The Economics Of Being A Drug Dealer.
American economist Steven Levitt looks at the common belief system that society places on drug dealers and debunks each concept based on data collected directly from interacting with the gang. He then compares this to modern day economics to show contrast.
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FREE Computers for Youth
Research has shown that youth who have access to computers in their home are more likely to attend school regularly and earn better grades when academically tested!
The Council for Economic Opportunities in Greater Cleveland is offering FREEcomputers loaded academic software for youth ages 10-14 years old who are in grades 4 through 8. Income eligibility documentation is required, as well as an appointment in order for your family to apply.
Burten, Bell, Carr Development, Incorporated (BBC) is a non-profit neighborhood development organization founded in 1990 that serves most of Cleveland's Ward 5. Our mission is to enhance the quality of life for residents of Ward 5 by initiating and cultivating housing, retail, employment, and recreation opportunities through effective partnerships with residents, community groups, government, corporations and institutions.
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Australians went to the polls on Saturday to elect a new government, and as Monday morning dawns, they still have no idea who won. Instead, the two major parties fought to a tie, with both falling just shy of a 76-seat parliamentary majority.
At last count, 73 parliamentary seats have gone to Prime Minister Julia Gillard and her leftist Labor Party, while 73 have been won by Tony Abbott and his conservative Liberal-National Coalition. However, postal votes have yet to be fully counted and several seats are close enough that they could yet flip.
More by Adam Brickley
At the moment, the Liberal-National Coalition appears to have won the national popular vote, but the independents could make life very interesting. Parliament's three independents have, in some sense, just become the most powerful men in Australia, and the nation is on pins and needles as they decide which side to support. All three sitting independents (Bob Katter, Tony Windsor, and Rob Oakeshott) are former members of the agrarian National Party, the junior partner in the Liberal-National Coalition, and represent conservative rural electorates. However, all three left the Nationals disillusioned and have poisonous personal relationships with the current National leadership. Hence, they might be tempted to go with Gillard, who wants to seduce them with pork projects - including plans to build a national broadband Internet network (telecommunications is a big issue in sparsely populated rural Australia, where coverage is hard to come by) .
To make matters even worse, the Green Party also managed to win it's first ever seat in the lower House, potentially giving the far-left environmentalists a role in breaking the tie - though they look pretty certain to back Labor. At this hour, one Australian publication features unconfirmed reports that two of the three independents (plus the Green) have sided with Gillard - and that the popular vote has shifted in Labor's favor after election night reports put the Coalition ahead by a few tenths of one percent. However, another newspaper is running a feature article declaring that the independents would be committing political suicide by voting with Labor - as they hold solidly conservative seats where voters firmly prefer Abbott over Gillard.
If you have a headache after reading that analysis - you're probably in the same boat as 22 million confused Aussies. The only good news is that it seems the Coalition has some moral advantage in negotiations. Labor was firmly rebuked by the electorate, and Julia Gillard's plea to stay in power has generated comparisons to Gordon Brown. There also seems to be a lot of infighting in the Labor Party as a result of the loss of majority - whereas Abbott cemented his leadership of the Coalition with a totally unexpected surge. So, as the independents have said stability is a priority, Labor is less likely to hold itself together. Still, everything remains up in the air, and just a small shift could change everything.
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/*
* SonarLint for Visual Studio
* Copyright (C) 2016-2020 SonarSource SA
* mailto:info AT sonarsource DOT com
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
* License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
* version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
* Lesser General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
* along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
* Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
*/
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
using System.IO.Abstractions;
using System.Linq;
using EnvDTE;
using SonarLint.VisualStudio.Core.Binding;
using SonarLint.VisualStudio.Core.Helpers;
using SonarLint.VisualStudio.Integration.Resources;
namespace SonarLint.VisualStudio.Integration
{
internal class SolutionRuleSetsInformationProvider : ISolutionRuleSetsInformationProvider
{
public const char RuleSetDirectoriesValueSpliter = ';';
private readonly IServiceProvider serviceProvider;
private readonly ILogger logger;
private readonly IFileSystem fileSystem;
public SolutionRuleSetsInformationProvider(IServiceProvider serviceProvider, ILogger logger)
: this(serviceProvider, logger, new FileSystem())
{
}
internal SolutionRuleSetsInformationProvider(IServiceProvider serviceProvider, ILogger logger, IFileSystem fileSystem)
{
this.serviceProvider = serviceProvider ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(serviceProvider));
this.logger = logger ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(logger));
this.fileSystem = fileSystem ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(fileSystem));
}
public IEnumerable<RuleSetDeclaration> GetProjectRuleSetsDeclarations(Project project)
{
if (project == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(project));
}
return GetProjectRuleSetsDeclarationsIterator(project);
}
private IEnumerable<RuleSetDeclaration> GetProjectRuleSetsDeclarationsIterator(Project project)
{
/* This method walks through all of the available configurations (e.g. Debug, Release, Foo) and
* attempts to fetch the values of a couple of properties from the project (CodeAnalysisRuleSet
* and CodeAnalysisRuleSetDirectories). The collected data is put into a data object
* and returned to the caller. The collected data includes the DTE Property object itself, which
* is used later to update the ruleset value.
*
* TODO: consider refactoring. The code seems over-complicated: it finds the "ruleset"
* property for all configurations, then backtracks to find the configuration, then looks
* for the corresponding "ruleset directories" property.
* Note: we are now fetching the "ruleset directories" property from the MSBuild project,
* rather than through the DTE (the previous version of this code that used the DTE fails
* for C# and VB projects that use the new project system).
*/
var declarations = new List<RuleSetDeclaration>();
var projectSystem = this.serviceProvider.GetService<IProjectSystemHelper>();
var ruleSetProperties = VsShellUtils.GetProjectProperties(project, Constants.CodeAnalysisRuleSetPropertyKey);
Debug.Assert(ruleSetProperties != null);
Debug.Assert(ruleSetProperties.All(p => p != null), "Not expecting nulls in the list of properties");
if (!ruleSetProperties.Any())
{
logger.WriteLine(Strings.CouldNotFindCodeAnalysisRuleSetPropertyOnProject, project.UniqueName);
}
foreach (Property ruleSetProperty in ruleSetProperties)
{
string activationContext = TryGetPropertyConfiguration(ruleSetProperty)?.ConfigurationName ?? string.Empty;
string ruleSetDirectoriesValue = projectSystem.GetProjectProperty(project, Constants.CodeAnalysisRuleSetDirectoriesPropertyKey, activationContext);
string[] ruleSetDirectories = ruleSetDirectoriesValue?.Split(new[] { RuleSetDirectoriesValueSpliter }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries) ?? new string[0];
string ruleSetValue = ruleSetProperty.Value as string;
var declaration = new RuleSetDeclaration(project, ruleSetProperty, ruleSetValue, activationContext, ruleSetDirectories);
declarations.Add(declaration);
}
return declarations;
}
public string GetSolutionSonarQubeRulesFolder(SonarLintMode bindingMode)
{
bindingMode.ThrowIfNotConnected();
var projectSystem = this.serviceProvider.GetService<IProjectSystemHelper>();
string solutionFullPath = projectSystem.GetCurrentActiveSolution()?.FullName;
// Solution closed?
if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(solutionFullPath))
{
return null;
}
string solutionRoot = Path.GetDirectoryName(solutionFullPath);
string ruleSetDirectoryRoot = Path.Combine(solutionRoot,
bindingMode == SonarLintMode.LegacyConnected ?
Constants.LegacySonarQubeManagedFolderName :
Constants.SonarlintManagedFolderName);
return ruleSetDirectoryRoot;
}
public bool TryGetProjectRuleSetFilePath(RuleSetDeclaration declaration, out string fullFilePath)
{
if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(declaration.RuleSetPath))
{
fullFilePath = null;
return false;
}
var options = new List<string>();
options.Add(declaration.RuleSetPath); // Might be a full path
options.Add(PathHelper.ResolveRelativePath(declaration.RuleSetPath, declaration.RuleSetProjectFullName)); // Relative to project
// Note: currently we don't search in rule set directories since we expect the project rule set
// to be relative to the project. We can add this in the future if it will be needed.
fullFilePath = options.FirstOrDefault(fileSystem.File.Exists);
return !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(fullFilePath);
}
private static Configuration TryGetPropertyConfiguration(Property property)
{
Configuration configuration = property.Collection.Parent as Configuration; // Could be null if the one used is the Project level one.
Debug.Assert(configuration != null || property.Collection.Parent is Project, $"Unexpected property parent type: {property.Collection.Parent.GetType().FullName}");
return configuration;
}
}
}
|
Time for another "Etch-a-Sketch" project, this time brought to us by Instructables user "MattWStephS". With their version, the drawing is controlled by a Nintendo Wii balance board. This is accomplished with an interesting mix of hardware and software. The balance board and Nintendo hardware connect via Bluetooth to a PC running GlovePIE to capture the movement data, which is then passed to a processing sketch which in turn controls an Arduino with two stepper motors geared onto the "Etch-a-Sketch". Furthermore they've included the plans and designs for the required physical hardware, so you can neatly recreate the project. Finally, the following is a quick video of the system in operation:
Certainly an interesting example of synergy between two different technologies - click here to find out more. And for more, we're on twitter and Google+, so follow us for news and product updates as well.
This tiny 3-axis accelerometer module can operate in either +/-1.5 g or +/-6 g ranges, giving your project the ability to tell which way is up. Ideal for robotics projects, tilt sensors, vehicle data loggers, and whatever else you can dream up. For more information and to order, click here.
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We won’t get into the politics of emission-control laws here, except to observe that you’re either a Marx-quoting, global-warming-duped, vegan one-worlder who wants to crush personal initiative beneath tons of bureaucracy and force everyone to ride an electric bus to their groat rations at the communal kitchen… or you’re an Ayn-quoting, gun-fondling, toxic-waste-spreading wingnut who cackles with glee at the mental image of inner-city children shriveling like salt-soaked slugs beneath tons of lead, oxides of nitrogen, and unburned hydrocarbons. Now that you’ve all chosen sides, imagine that every official in every level of every government in the world waved their magic legislative pens and put the kibosh on all emissions-related regulations concerning motor vehicles. Would you go clean, dirty, or in-between with your next vehicle purchase?In such a world, most vehicle manufacturers would offer some sort of choice in the matter; simply tweaking engine-management software allows a vehicle to favor fuel-economy over emissions, power over emissions, or emissions over both. You’d be able to choose, say, the Dirty Bird Edition Challenger, which would have a giant wing, no catalytic converters, and oxides-of-nitrogen-enhancing 14:1 compression. Hey, if residents of Fontana don’t like smog, they can take advantage of our free-market system to find jobs in a place with clean air! If you want to impress others with your commitment to clean air, you could buy the Breath of Fresh Air Edition Prius, which would offer 16 wheel horsepower and a dashboard-mounted meter that registered individual carbon atoms coming from the tailpipe. Hey, if you can’t stand being stuck behind those holier-than-thou types, you have the freedom to get the hell out of San Francisco! What’s it gonna be?
Recommended
118 Comments on “Question: If New-Vehicle Emission Regulations Were Abolished, Would You Opt For the Smog-Delete Package?...”
I’m a libertarian on almost all issues, but these anti-pollution regulations seem to have done a good job at making the air of our cities smell half decent. When I lived in Los Angeles, I remember a time when it was physically difficult to breathe the air in the San Fernando Valley. When I visited Manila in the Philippines, I remember people wearing masks to help filter the horrendous air pollution.
So I have to say it seems like this is one of the few times (in my view) where regulation has actually done some good.
So I’m curious, where did this question come from? I find it hard to believe that air pollution regulations are in any danger with this administration.
Actually this is just about the perfect example of a situation where regulation can do a lot of good. We as a society benefit more from the cleaner air allowed by air pollution regulations than we are harmed by the burden of making our cars comply with them; but any given individual’s interest in driving a noncomplying car would likely outweigh the harm that individual would suffer from the marginal emissions from his own unregulated tailpipe. You can quibble about what regulations are necessary and which do more harm than good, but the idea as a whole is pretty unassailable.
California Air Resources Board may be no fun when it comes to dropping in some crate engine (although now you can get CARB compliant crate engines, GM sells the LS3 E-Rod engine, I’m waiting for GM to do the new C7 Vette LT1 as a crate engine for when my S2000 hits >200K miles), but the difference between 1975 and today is night and day.
Emissions is a classic externality: The cost imposed by a polluting car is not born on the polluter, but on everyone else. There is no no-regulation solution for externalities.
Where it gets tricky is when it comes down to determining whether what is good for California is actually any good for places like Minnesota.
The idea of the community coming to together to solve a common problem isn’t counterintuitive to Libertarian ideals at all. It’s when those solutions are impressed on other communities where the cost/benefit ratio may not work out to be as favorable that objections arise.
Which is why there are actually two car pollution regimes for new vehicles in the US..
There is the Federal standard, and then the California standard. A state can chose whether the vehicles sold have to meet the CA (50 state) standard or the more lenient EPA standard (so called 49 state vehicles). It just happens that enough states follow California’s lead that almost every manufacturer follows the CA standard now.
And it is up to the states to handle how emissions are tested on existing vehicles. Some states require annual or biannual emissions testing, while others just don’t care if the once-compliant car becomes a polluting mess.
Right, that’s how it is at the moment. The fact that automakers have preferred to implement a single standard on themselves is a result of a need to reduce their design and manufacturing complexities.
From an individual or community standpoint, the argument against the current regulation regime is whether 2 standards is satisfactory for 50 States, and whether any Federal control over what is a State/local issue is appropriate.
Yes, the Federal Government granted itself this authority under the Clean Air Act, and yes the EPA allows States to determine how/if they perform active testing. Many proponents of States’ rights argue whether that authority is necessary or valid.
danio, the states’ rights argument gets tricky unless and until the states can set up force fields to keep emissions (and attendant environmental effects) from other states out of their states. Otherwise it’s just the externality problem on a much larger scale.
@Ast Not really, unless you live in a place where there are twin cities in different states with different regulations. At that point it could be shown that one municipality is affecting the other. A resolution can be reached between the two municipalities etc.
Ground level air pollution from vehicles is a local issue. If everyone in Los Angeles ran straight pipes tomorrow, no one in Las Vegas would have just cause to complain.
I’ve thought for years that an emissions tax based system based on measured societal impact would be much better than an arbitrary fixed limit system. I had no idea that this concept was already formalized with an economic description and name. Thanks for teaching me something new today.
BTW, some of the advantages of a tax based system is that the highest volume engines will get the most advanced tech to minimize emissions and fuel consumption. The niche markets would be free to minimize cost, and would go a long way to level the playing field between large corps and small start ups.
California has cleaner air because 1) cars in general are far more efficient and cleaner and 2) CA imports a lot of its energy, including from dirty, coal-burning states to run its Chevy Volts (In other words, CA exports its dirty air). CA emissions rules are ridiculous, and should be preempted by federal law.
California doesn’t have cleaner air than other places it “exports its dirty air” to — it has cleaner air than it had 40 years ago. The topography of the state, particularly in the Los Angeles basin, causes particulate emissions to get “stuck” in a way they don’t elsewhere. Smog in (e.g.) Chicago tends to blow away and get dispersed; in LA it just stays put.
California has different laws because it has different problems — and because it’s had laws for longer than anywhere else.
Would depend upon cost, and what the trade offs would be, if I was able to get 50 mpg and have 1000 hp in a suburban for example with $10,000 off the sticker, hell yea I’d opt out, but I don’t believe emission equipment holds cars back no where near that much (or rather I know they don’t).
Basic emissions standards such as cats are plenty good, diesels on the other hand are hurting badly, a duramax that use to get 18-22 empty stock struggles now to get 14-15 stock.
It would all depend on the particular situation to me, but most likely I wouldn’t opt out, however I would lose systems that I believe to be wasteful in a heartbeat(main concern being diesels). Cats I believe are to be perhaps the only system ever forcibly created by the govt to actually be worthwhile.
I have a feeling some may have been expecting my comments here….
I agree that the impact on diesel engines seems to be higher. I notice that my mileage takes a dive when the DPF gets regenerated – but the SCR doesn’t seem to be hurting anything other than the extra weight and complexity.
The modern common rail direct injected diesels have unprecedented power and torque, and with the DPF, no soot whatsoever, which is really nice.
Do you know why the Duramax is hurting so badly??? (I don’t think the Cummins are)
My brother has both a 05 dodge 2500 and a 11 dodge 2500, both with the cummins and both stock(05 has a sct tune). He uses both to pull a 35′ tripple axle flat deck trailer or a 38′ tripple axle camper. The 11 is an absolute slug to pull even an unloaded trailer with, it slows down on an uphill grade like a semi would(120km/h to say 80) and gets like 10 mpg towing and maybe 15mpg on a good day while not hooked to anything. The 05 on the other hand works. even when not tuned it does not get bogged down on the uphill. the more weight you put on it just hunkers down and do its job and gets 15 mpg while towing and 22 to 25 mpg when not towing. Cummins had to increase displacement from 5.9 to 6.7 liters to combat the emmisions equipment and its still not enough.
In diesel applications the emmisions equipment hampers the trucks usefulness and adds extra complexity and cost to a relativly simple design So I would get rid of emission equipment on all comercially used light trucks. As far as cars and truck used for commuting I would keep emmision equipment and applaud its arvancement.
Funny how some can believe an impercieveable amount of exhaust being treated is worth getting only 2/3 the fuel mileage, It makes you wonder if officials just want to destroy the economy.
Honestly what reason is there to buy a 05 over a 2013 diesel? Technology is easily added, and you don’t have no where near as much drawbacks. GM wanted AM general to put the 6 speed behind the H1, which would have costed AM General millions for a vehicle that is profitable as a low production vehicle. Also why AMG has to make the C-series a kit vehicle only, regulations would make it unprofitable.
Interesting thought excercise. To be totally honest, it would depend on the financial cost. I would presume from the way the question is posed that the “dirty” car would be cheaper because it wouldn’t have the extra emissions equipment.
If the cost was the same, then I would opt for a middle of the road emissions package.
I’d be happy with a car built to comply with 1984 emission regulations using modern technology. That was the level of emissions reduction that actually cleaned up the air, after all. Everything since then has just been the result of bureaucratic leeches needing to justify their place at the teat, adding cost while making negligible difference to anything other than America’s bottom line. This would give me back a throttle cable and eliminate nasty underhood sources of heat that hurt performance and durability.
Back when I was in high school (a ways back but a little after ’84), it was said that less than 10% of the cars made over 50% of the pollution. I bet over 90% of those 10% are off the road now. It really seems as if we are going after diminishing returns pursuing reduced auto emissions when a weed-whacker pollutes more than a Suburban.
That’s the crux of enhanced regulation. The law of diminishing returns should place a natural limit on the extent of emissions reduction, but for some people, that last 2% must be achieved and hang the cost. You can tell them by their “if it saves one life” rhetoric. The EPA doesn’t “do” cost-benefit analysis.
You know that there are almost 100,000,000 more people in America now than there were in 1984, right? That in 1984, Americans drove about 17,000,000 miles and last year they drove almost 30,000,000 miles.
Considering the standards that actually contributed to ground level air quality really didn’t change much between 1984 and now, I’d say CJ has a fairly valid point. The Clean Air Act was amended in 1990 but the updates were mostly to target things like ozone depletion.
Now CO2 has been added to the list as a “pollutant” but that particular compound doesn’t really affect air quality in any measurable way.
Given that every life (and every planet) ends badly, what difference does it make? Do you want your kid’s heart in your chest to save your pitiful, consumer self, or are you still nursing that dynasty thing and hoping they’ll visit you when you’re fighting for a second diaper/week in…False Dichotomy Manor?
Geographically, smog isn’t an issue here, neither is diesel particulate matter. So the elimination of equipment that controls those things wouldn’t make much difference to the air quality around these parts. That’s where I went with that.
No, I’m implying the exact opposite. That the winds and inversions do sufficiently move the air so smog doesn’t form and other criteria matter is dispersed well below any hazard levels as defined by any regulatory body.
The problem with places like LA and Salt Lake City is that their geography doesn’t allow enough air movement to disperse their pollutants.
Most emissions standards ignore carbon dioxide output and are based on percentage of output rather than absolute output. So – I’d be interested in relaxing some standards on cars with very small engines that are more efficient in order to make them more attractive to consumers. The absolute output of HC, NOx, etc, should not change, but the fleet fuel efficiency and CO2 output would be lower. Then we could have some of the small engined super-fun euro-boxes over here.
To answer the question: if we did away with emission regulations, I’d buy whatever I could get equipped with an airlock and filter system. My old E-class had a fantastic charcoal filtration system for outside air that you could turn on and off; turn it off after driving with it on for an hour and it was like walking out of a microchip factory clean room into a, um, much more smelly place. I’d want that on steroids.
The fumes from running without a ‘cat’ would drive you insane. We’re so used to the sanitary driving experience we have today that you would to install basic cats in a hurry. The same goes for diesels particulate filters.
My 1975 MGB has no cat. Never had one (Leyland only started installing them in ’76). I retrofitted ’73 SU carbs and it runs the standard “slightly rich” that the SU setup prefers. It smells terrible. I love the car, hate the exhaust. People in cars behind me hate it more.
I’m considering a kit that converts my TR6’s Zenith Stromberg carbs to throttle body injection – then adding an aftermarket catalytic converter. As it stands, people behind me must feel a bit … fumigated.
Years ago I had a 1st gen RX7. First thing I did was yank the air pump, chucked the rats nest of emissions hoses and replaced the stock exhaust and catalytic converter with a Racing Beat unit. After rejetting the carb it came alive, night and day difference. In retrospect I created a pollution factory. At minimum today I’d put a modern free-flowing catalyst on it though I’d still have to slip the inspection guy a fifty to ignore the revised emissions control gear.
Anyway, I understand your empathy for those behind you.
When tuned (jetting, accelerator pump nozzle size, ignition timing) for good drivability on regular unleaded pump gas, my ’65 Mustang would pass a sniffer test for 1985 model year new cars. The only “emission” control on the car, if you can call it that, is a PCV system in place of a road draft tube. Granted, it lacks the evaporative emissions equipment newer cars have, and probably emits more hydrocarbon emissions while parked than newer cars so equipped do wile running.
According to the rules of the SCCA Solo category I’ve prepped it for, I could pull the cats off my ’99 Cobra and disable other emissions systems. I’ve chosen not to — so far, the powertrain is stock — but when I do open up the exhaust, I’m leaving cats on it. Why? To prove a point: you can make great power without becoming a gross polluter. If you tune for efficient combustion, the exhaust is going to be cleaner. Look at the power levels available today compared to the musclecar heyday of the late ’60s (and accounting for gross vs net, and “insurance adjusted” advertised horsepower ratings): today’s cleaner, more efficient engines in today’s musclecars make more power overall, more power per unit displacement, and generally burn less fuel doing so.
And then there’s my truck. ’99 F350 with the 7.3L. No emissions controls on that truck. The very mild tune I run increases NOx emissions under low-load conditions because it leans out the air:fuel ratio — producing lower fuel consumption. It does not “roll coal” under load — maybe a slight haze. I’m with Gale Banks on this one: smoke (like in the lead pic for this article) is stupid. It’s just wasted fuel. The folks who jack up fuel pressure, boost pressure, and throw a bunch of fuel at their engines are indeed going to make more power, and some of the extra overage of fuel may decrease EGTs a little, but then they keep throwing more and more at it, and all they get is smoke. A smarter approach is to address both fuel and timing (yes, diesels are timed. Instead of spark, it’s fuel squirt) to optimize power delivery without over-fueling.
It’s been 3 decades since one of the hot rodding magazines ran the “new catalysts make more power than open headers!” article, and I’ve been an adherent to keeping it clean ever since. You’ve pointed out all the reasons it’s best to keep the tailpipe emissions clean; keeping all the power your fuel is capable of inside the engine itself.
And you reminded me of why I point and laugh at ABG’s writers; one of them had the foolishness to state the lack of importance of airflow for modern turbodiesel engines during an early Duramax article.
Whatever gets me the best possible performance (in terms of power and driveability).
Which generally means “in a bizarro parallel universe to EPA or EURO regulations”.
Us crafty bikers have been bypassing EPA regs for decades. They’ve been the bane of our existence since they were imposed in the 1980s. They result in poor throttle response and choppy transitions. That’s not so noticeable in a 4000 lb car. In a 400-500lb bike the fueling can be astonishingly bad. Some bikes are considered practically unrideable without an ECU reflash (or carb tuning and a jet kit, depending on the era). It’s part of the basic setup of a machine – buy a free-flow exhaust, de-restrict the intake, and adjust the fuel metering. There are some bikes so strangled from the factory that you can uncork 15 horsepower at the wheel with just baseline tuning.
Of course it’s all “for closed course use only”. No sir, we wouldn’t use our properly tuned and jetted machines on the street. That would be illegal.
I personally would go with the clean version. But I’m guessing unless the clean/dirty cars were exactly the same price a big chunk of shoppers would op for the cheaper dirty version since pollution is an externalized cost.
Of course, given the recently publicized survey which seems to indicate that conservatives shy away from purchasing anything labeled “green” it’s possible fully 50% of the country would pay extra just to pollute more.
“Of course, given the recently publicized survey which seems to indicate that conservatives shy away from purchasing anything labeled “green” it’s possible fully 50% of the country would pay extra just to pollute more.”
This is true. Apparently it applies to smartphones as well – my fiance’s more conservative co-workers are all passionately anti-iPhone.
Is it 16 hp per wheel? That’s like yesterday’s Civic wagon.
I was born in ’63 and remember I liked smelling diesel smoke, but gas fumes gave me a headache instantly. Last week when my mechanically lazy neighbor brought out his ’95 Marquis, I figured Old Louisville would have fewer mosquitos this summer. Just pale grey noxious fog, hanging there for several minutes.
Forty years ago it was like that for a huge number of driven cars. These days that is a rarity and I figured he could get pulled over and ticketed. With more cars out there, and more drivers having less maintenance knowledge and less money for service, it would be nasty fast. I’m opting for clean.
Easy answer: hell no. Emission controls are what made manufacturers pay attention to the details of the combustion events, with the resulting improvements in power, fuel economy, and engine durability we have today. The complaints people have about those controls come from penny-pinching garbage parts and half-assed engineering from certain companies which likely acted that way out of spite.
Provocative question, insufficient information to call it. CJinSD’s suggestion of a rollback makes sense to me. At this point, is there any advantage to de-developing to 1980’s pollution control levels? Would the cars be cheaper? Would they be more powerful and/or more fuel-efficient? Would CARB as the second arbiter of pollution levels allow it? If not, would the manufacturers bother with the parallel development?
I’d say the auto air pollution problem has been solved, but like all regulators, they need to find something new to regulate. Now it’s CO2–an emission impossible to eliminate as long as you’re burning hydrocarbons. You can’t convince me CO2 is any more of a pollutant than water vapor, for example. It’s been classified as such by appeals to junk science for the sole purpose of giving governments the power to regulate us all back to riding bicycles if they see fit.
Water is a natural substance, we typically do not think of it as a pollutant. Yet if a human consumes too much of it, or intakes it in the wrong fashion, a human will die.
Trees take in CO2 and release O2. When a tree (or any organic matter) burns it releases stored carbon as CO2. CO2 is a natural part of our atmosphere; like water, though, increasing its concentration can have adverse effects.
So the questions to ask are:
1. Is atmospheric CO2 increasing?
2. Why is atmospheric CO2 increasing?
3. What effects does an increasing level of atmospheric CO2 have?
#1 is pretty straightforward.
Atmospheric CO2 has varied from ~100 to ~200 ppm over the last 400k years. Since 1960 it’s increased from 315 ppm to 385 ppm.
http://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/program_history/keeling_curve_lessons.html
I am surprised by the many pro emission control comments.
And proud. I close my window whenever I see an old car go by;
I just can’t take it. I cannot imagine how I tolerated the cars of the fifties and sixties.
Sure the cars cost more. But having made six visits to Denver’s
National Jewish hospital last year and seeing all of the breathing
impaired people in the huge waiting areas, I would say we have been on the right track. Of course most of those people were in for smoking
related illnesses.
But as somone else indicated, certain levels attained in the past are good enough. And I do not like to see manufacturers jack up costs
only to line their pockets while claiming that the cost were emissions
related.
Having spent a summer working in Los Angeles in 1969, I have no desire to return to that state of affairs.
In fact, even at my “senior citizen” age, I can now smell the exhaust of the occasional “classic” car that I see running on the street, even when it appears to be in a good state of tune and the driver is just toodling along. (Just saw/smelled a Chevy Nova SS this weekend in Virginia).
That said, we are well past the point of diminishing returns when it comes to emission regulation, especially when the big polluters are now yard equipment. If you look for it, Motor Trend or somebody did a test of a small, new gasoline powered car, a big new gasoline powered pickup truck and a new 2-cycle gasoline leaf blower and a 4-cycle gasoline lawn mower at an emission lab. They all ran the EPA test cycle (or, in the case of the lawn mower and leaf blower, the best facsimile they could devise). The lawn mower emitted more pollutants during the test than either the car or the truck would in its lifetime; and, of course, the leaf blower was even worse. The big truck was the cleanest. It’s exhaust was actually cleaner than the ambient air. That’s regulatory overkill. While I’m not in favor of electric cars, because they just relocate the pollution; I do favor electric lawn equipment, because even my “coal powered” electric lawn mower is significantly cleaner than my neighbor’s gasoline-powered machine.
Diesels are another matter entirely. The particulates in diesel exhaust (which exist whether it’s making visible smoke or not) are known carcinogens. I don’t see why I should have to breathe that crap when there are alternatives, and I don’t car if it makes your engine less efficient or not.
While the hypothetical doesn’t quantify the benefits from skipping the emission controls (either in terms of increased power or efficiency), it’s hard for me to imagine a benefit big enough to cause me to skip the controls. Having driven carburetted engines for 15 year, I’m not at all nostalgic for their operating characteristics, even in engines that were not emission controlled. My father’s 1963 Chevrolet 6 bucked when it was cold and getting any of them started when the car was too cold or too hot required an arcane skill in which no one should take pride. So, I don’t forsee any significant purchase price savings by purchasing a non-emissions controlled engine today.
Removing some emissions control systems while keeping others certainly would reduce vehicle cost significantly, especially in the case of modern diesels. Reduced cost in initial purchase and legacy costs.
Items like Diesel Oxidation Catylists, Particulate filters, and Selective Catalyst Reduction systems cost thousands of dollars each to replace and the design and manufacture of these has added thousands to the initial price of the vehicle.
Now you did suggest that there would be nearly no cost so high as to justify eliminating these components, so those points are probably moot. But they most certainly do add significant cost to a vehicle which is passed on to the consumer.
Stay clean on emissions regs but eliminate CAFE. I’d love to see what cars the market would go for with no government interference. Would we see V8 powered Sonic special editions or would consumers continue to go “OOOOOOOOOOOOhhhhhhhhhhh 40mpgs!”
I mean for crying out loud you can get 400-500-600 hp cars now from the factory with existing regs, why eliminate tailpipe emission standards?
I can remember driving in Denver traffic in the late 60’s, and being able to smell the unburned hydrocarbons in my clothes and hair after getting out of the car and into a building.
I can also remember the contempt and unfounded rumors for “smog controls” on cars, as well as the major US carmaker’s whining, resistance to, and blustering about how it was “impossible” to meet these regulations, even as the Japanese and Germans gladly, and innovatively met the standards.
I also remember people removing said controls and feeling they had bettered themselves for it.
I remember people even being pissed off about simple positive crankcase ventilation requirement
To my mind, much of the wonder and goodness of modern powertrain design and engineering has a lot to do with being low CO & HC emission designs.
As an owner of pre-smog and post-smog vehicles, I can confidently say I’d take the emissions-friendly one. I’d be perfectly happy with late 20th century tech though. Give me a cat, OBD2, and electronic fuel injection, and I’d be happy – As long as it’s not a 75 miles of vacuum tubes 120 horse V8. I want it to all work efficiently and reliably, but be simple enough that I can do work on it myself.
Also, I don’t need more than 4-ish airbags. Anything made in 1999 is safe enough for me. A little lower weight combined with decent power is all this guy asks for in a DD.
The more efficient an engine is, the cleaner it burns, there is more power, the motor lasts longer and the consumption is less.
I like an efficient motor… So, I will have both options, have my cake and eat it, if you will, thank you :-)
My first car was a ’73 Datsun 240Z, it had smog gear from hell on it. After a few months of ownership it all went bye-bye. I shudder to think what kind of emissions it put out. Would I opt-out of a smog controlled car now? NO! I have 7 grandkids, and just about everyone of them has sort of repiratory issue and I don’t want them to loose their health at an early age.
Cat’s are what is currently killing fuel economy, as the ECM has to constantly swing from rich to lean while in closed loop in order to have a good life span. If not for that the ECM could run a much leaner mixture.
That being said, modern fuel injection is the way to go for fuel economy, reliability, and emissions. As much as I love carbs, they don’t hold a candle to EFI.
Now diesels are whole different matter, current emissions give horrible fuel economy, kill reliability, and have a huge cost to everyone.
Truth. As wideband O2 sensors become more commonplace, the need for catalytic converters will decrease for HC and CO reduction. Unfortunately we may need to keep them for NOx, which the controlling of through lower combustion temperatures also kills economy.
I may be wrong, I am not in depth versed on this, but here goes.
The Oxygen sensor in the exhaust is used to tell the computer to meter the fuel and air in precise stoichiometric ratio so that there is not an over supply of fuel or air. That oversupply is what gives rise to pollutants. The downstream catalyst finishes the reaction to produce water and CO2. The only at a Catalytic converter would “kill fuel economy” is by being overly restrictive. Plenty of powerful high revving contemporary proof that cats are not overly restrictive.
The problem is tradtional narrow band o2 sensors don’t precisely tell the computer what the Air Fuel Ratio is. All they can tell the computer is whether the exhaust stream is rich or lean. So the engine management is constantly adjusting back and forth, or what is known as “switching”.
Now, the tunes tend to gravitate towards richer than necessary to 1. reduce combustion temperature to control NOx and 2. Not overheat the catalytic converter which can be sensitive to EGT overtemps.
Engine metallurgy is good enough to support much leaner combustion conditions, but unfortunately NOx emissions regulations and catalytic converter technology won’t allow it.
The restriction of a catalytic converter in and of itself will not reduce fuel economy. If anything a restriction in airflow would increase fuel economy in proportion with the reduction of power output.
I was in a city of 10 mil (Seoul) and smelled not a fume. All the buses where CNG and the cars are modern. The locals said converting buses from diesel to CNG made a huge difference. LA Basin in the 70’s…gag. Moden engine tech is outstanding. Shade tree mechanics no more. No points, condensers, plugs, carbs, to fiddle with..what a relief. In retrospect…very few actually “repaired” their autos. And those that did farmed out machine work ’cause no one had a shop full of boring machines, surfacers, etc., I mean..who rebuilt a starter armature? An automatic transmission? Reground a crank? Most repairs were subsystem swaps (generators, starters, master cylinders) with core charges. Good old days my ass, banged knuckles and long hair caught in a creeper.
If you had asked me this question in the mid ’70s through late ’80s when emissions controls were indeed strangling the power and driveability out of engines, I think my answer would unequivocally be to ditch the emissions control equipment. (I would keep the PCV and the evaporative emissions control system because why not? – but I’d certainly be ditching smog pumps, EGR, and emissions-jetted carburetors.)
However if we are talking about the state of the internal combustion engine today and the state of today’s emissions tech, I’d keep it clean. The state of technology today is such that you can have a very clean-running engine that’s very powerful and still very fuel efficient with no perceptible driveability hit and without a lot of extra hardware and rats’ nests of vacuum hoses like those cars from the ’70s.
I think it may be fair to say though that the emissions regulations that came into effect in the ’70s have been a big factor in getting the technology in the industry to where it is today. Without government regulation forcing them to change, Detroit would probably have been perfectly happy to keep cranking out the same old thing and keep those revenues as profit rather than sending them off to R&D. I would contend that ever-stricter emissions regulations are what eventually forced everyone to start using electronic fuel injection. EFI becoming mainstream was the big leap that put us on the road to where we are now.
Perhaps the industry would have eventually gotten around to that on its own, but who knows how much longer it would have taken? I wonder if we’d be in the automotive technological golden age that we are now if not for the regulations.
All of the safety equipment added since 1996 is due to consumer demand for safer cars.
The crash safety standards cars have to meet to be sold in the US are the same as in 1996; that means acceptable results in a 30 MPH fixed-barrier impact, a side-impact door test, lap and shoulder belts for all outward-facing occupants, and two front airbags.
The other safety changes mandated are TPMS (a 2-lb box of electronics plus an ounce or so per tire) and stability control (no additional hardware beyond that needed for four-channel ABS)
You’re missing one significant exception — roof crush standards. Those were increased pretty dramatically in 2009 — allowing less deflection with double the applied weight, in a more strenuous test.
Though the regs only apply to cars manufactured in 2012 and later, they’ve been accounted for for quite some time. My understanding is that these regs were the straw that ultimately broke the Panther platform’s back…so to speak.
The question is, does meeting those standards add hundreds of pounds of weight to the car?
That’s what’s important to me. I don’t want an oversized, heavy, and poorly handling modern car. If I wanted something that was bigger than it really needed to be, weighed more than a car it size should, and handled awfully, I would buy a Buick Electra 225.
Amen Imperial. This is how you create a monster. I think this is why some people preferred pollution taxation rather than the creation of a regulatory agency. Who knows whether it would have worked, but it is an idea worth considering. It attacks the problem without the creation of a new regulatory monster which solves the problem it was created to solve and then just runs wild forever after that.
I guess most people who are trying to argue them have never been somewhere else with tons of vehicles with emissions. You just walk outside and cough it a life i don’t want. I like opening the windows to get some nice fresh air.
My comparison sake is Russia with 15+ year old ladas and newer ones all of which have no catalysts, still use carburetors, and have the most putrid exhaust ever.
Holy Crap … that Honda CVCC vacuum hose diagram picture reminded me of the hell that was those late 70s fiascos. I know it kept them from having to run a cat converter, but when something went wrong, it was not fun to find the system leak!!!
On a gas car? Give me 90’s era emission controls.
On a diesel? I want the hi-po version.
I have a 2003 Ram with the Cummins. This is the sweetest model year, as it was the introduction of the common rail, but without the cat and all the other crap that later on turns into a disaster. Modern diesels with proper tuning are quite clean. It stinks sometimes, but it’s quite benign for daily use.
The performance of today is great but the emission police need to go, let the drivers decide if they want to repair the controls for better performance and economy. Or modify the 25 year exempt rule to ten years. I would rather see a BASIC safety check than more emission checks.
It’s easy to talk about birds falling out of the sky and rivers catching on fire and so forth. I don’t seem to remember those things happening with any regularity, or ever, under the standards of 20 years ago.
Not every car on the road is a new car, so emissions standards tend to take 5-10 years to have a noticeable impact. But I agree, I’d say the 1990s emissions standards are where we started to run into significantly diminishing returns. Now we use goat pee. Awesome.
Most emissions standards, especially 70s/80s/90s eras, did a ton of good and absolutely should stick around. Iirc smog levels peaked around 1990 (considering all the cars from the 70s and 80s still on the road) and have dropped every year since. I don’t think we really need to expand emissions standards from where they are now though.
Pedestrian safety standards on the other hand…how about you give me a car with solid, hydraulic steering and I’ll avoid the pedestrian?
High fuel economy and low emissions are not necessarily the same. The 50 mpg Civics of the 1980s were gross polluters and weaklings compared to today’s cars, not to mention noisier and less safe.
Going back to ‘dirty’ wouldn’t necessarily yield a better-performing car.
I’d freeze emissions standards where they are now. The CARB has already tried legislating so many zero-emission car sales in CA in the past, and failed since the sales never materialized. The problem is that we’re running into barriers of basic science with the internal combustion engine and with EV batteries. Further pollution reductions will cost geometrically more to accomplish, with little benefit to anyone.
Actually, I’d like to see sensible uniform pollution standards across the country. Here in PA, emission testing varies by county – ridiculous. But ‘sensible’ and ‘regulations’ rarely coincide.
I don’t see what’s ridiculous about emission testing varying like that.
With air pollutants the danger is in the concentration, naturally in a dense urban area with weak wind patterns air quality would be a big concern, out in rural areas with strong wind patterns where everything is dispersed and diffused and diluted to next to nothing it’s not so much.. but the added headache of all the extra emissions crap that needs to be maintained by people who tend to have fewer resources than those in the big cities Is a big deal.
Back in the 80’s my dad had a 76 Cadillac Eldorado that he bought from a relative who was upgrading. The single large catalytic converter was starting to get plugged up. We ordered from J.C. Whitney the filler pipe or as they called it “catalytic converter test pipe’ or as they referred to it in the catalog and on the box “catalytic converter test pipe-for test only” We put it on and the car ran somewhat better than having a half-plugged converter but there was not much of a difference in performance from the 500 ci 190 hp motor. Just compare how much HP todays vehicles produce with far fewer emissions.
Being a New Yorker the air quality improvement has been immense many due to improved vehicle emissions regs. It’s our buildings and fixed source emissions, power plants etc. that cause more pollution than vehicles as well as having a decent mass transit system which induces people to leave the car at home.
Back in the 1970’s I would have said “hell yes” because the emission control devices of the time choked off performance and hurt fuel economy. Technology has largely solved that problem. My impression is that in most new cars we wouldn’t really gain that much power or MPG, especially not much MPG, in exchange for more emissions.
I’d be much more interested in being able to select the excess-horsepower delete option, the dozen-airbag delete option, the fat A pillar and oversized high mounted outside mirror delete options, and the enhanced rear visibility package. An amazing amount of the benefit of all that technology has gone into giving the most basic econoboxes acceleration that is unnecessary for safe driving and speed no one will (or should) ever use in the public roads. About ten years ago my daily driver was a FWD ’89 Cadillac. It weighed about 3400 pounds (about 500 less than a 2013 CTS). It was easy to see out of. It was the last year cars were sold without airbags. It did 0-60 in a shade under ten seconds and probably topped out at about 105 and that was fine. With 1989 technology I got 24 MPG on the highway. With 2013 technology but the same weight and the same performance parameters, you probably could get 50 MPG.
Or, if you created a class of light city car exempt from various regs, sort of like a 1960 Bianchina with a modern drivetrain, you could have 75 MPG cars without complex hybrid or short-range EV setups.
Here’s what I believe, normal cars, like my ’12 4Runner for example, should have emission controls on them. There’s no reason not to. Our normal daily drivers are just fine with them.
However, I live in California. Recently I discussed the possibility of importing a ’78-’81 Nissan Skyline GT-ES Turbo, but CARB pretty much makes it an impossibility to do so. What’s incredibly stupid about CARB is how strict they are on modification, even if it quite literally does improve emissions. Case in point, my hypophetical ’78 Skyline; it had a 140hp L20ET engine, a 2.0L OHC Turbo 6 cylinder with no intercooler or even blow off valve. Let’s suppose that I wanted to install a SR20DET or even a RB26DETT into it. The SR would be a cleaner burning engine no doubt, even the RB too, but it would still be illegal according to CARB, even if the sniff test would pass with flying colors. They would prefer the dirtier L series engine only because it’s correct to the vehicle. Stuff like that is asinine. I find CARB to be such, though as a whole, CARB is very much anti- enthusiast car.
I went for the environmental approach. I have a solar-electric panel and a Nissan Leaf for in-town (great acceleration from the stoplights)and a pius Prius for longer trips or when the wife and I need to go different places at the same time. I just wish the government would keep the pressure for improved batteries and Thorium-cycle nuclear electricity.
Researchers are developing nano-tech batteries with 10 times the capacity per weight of current Li-Ion batteries, and the waste from Thorium cycle nuclear plants can be re-used to eliminate the multi-thousand year toxicity. (Problem is that plutonium is one of the intermediates – need to have adequate security)
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Annemarie Mannion
Highlights
Experienced journalist whose work has appeared in major newspapers and magazines
Enjoys water aerobics and swimming
Enjoys finding and telling stories about people and the challenges they face
Author Bio
Annemarie Mannion is an experienced journalist who has covered health and wellness for a variety of outlets including major newspapers, magazines and associations. She loves finding and telling stories about people and the challenges they face.
Annemarie's hobbies include water aerobics and swimming, reading historical fiction and making jewelry.
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Description
For a data set of features and samples, the classification process is run.
It consists of data transformation, feature selection, classifier training
and testing (prediction of samples not used in training).
Arguments
measurements
Either a matrix, DataFrame or
MultiAssayExperiment containing the training data.
For a matrix, the rows are features, and the columns are samples.
The sample identifiers must be present as column names of the matrix
or the row names of the DataFrame.
classes
Either a vector of class labels of class factor of the same length
as the number of samples in measurements or if the measurements are
of class DataFrame a character vector of length 1 containing the
column name in measurement is also permitted. Not used if measurements
is a MultiAssayExperiment object.
featureSets
An object of type FeatureSetCollection which defines sets of
features or sets of edges.
metaFeatures
Either NULL or a DataFrame which has meta-features
of the numeric data of interest.
minimumOverlapPercent
If featureSets stores sets of features, the minimum overlap
of feature IDs with measurements for a feature set to be retained
in the analysis. If featureSets stores sets of network edges,
the minimum percentage of edges with both vertex IDs found in measurements
that a set has to have to be retained in the analysis.
targets
If measurements is a MultiAssayExperiment, the names of the
data tables to be used. "clinical" is also a valid value and specifies that
numeric variables from the clinical data table will be used.
...
Variables not used by the matrix nor the MultiAssayExperiment method which
are passed into and used by the DataFrame method.
datasetName
A name associated with the data set used.
classificationName
A name associated with the classification.
training
A vector which specifies the training samples.
testing
A vector which specifies the test samples.
params
A list of objects of class of TransformParams,
SelectParams, TrainParams, or PredictParams.
The order they are in the list determines the order in which the stages
of classification are done in.
verbose
Default: 1. A number between 0 and 3 for the amount of progress messages to give.
A higher number will produce more messages as more lower-level functions
print messages.
.iteration
Not to be set by a user. This value is used to keep track of the cross-validation
iteration, if called by runTests.
Details
This function only performs one classification and prediction. See runTests
for a driver function that enables a number of different cross-validation schemes to be applied
and uses this function to perform each iteration. datasetName and classificationName
need to be provided.
Value
If called directly by the user rather than being used internally by runTests, a
SelectResult object.
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Okonomiyaki (Japanese Savoury Pancake)
To be honest, my boyfriend wanted to make this for dinner. But he never ended up doing it, so I just decided to give it a go. And he wouldn’t change thing, he loved it so much! It’s also great to make a big batch and save for the next day.
Recipe
Ingredients
150 g flour (look for pancake flour at your Asian grocer which is starchier, if you can't find this use all-purpose flour and add a bit of potato starch)
1 cup of water with vegetable broth
1 tsp mirin
Quarter of a wombok cabbage, shredded
1/2 can of corn, drained and rinsed
1 shallot, chopped
To serve:
Pickled ginger
Spring onions
Dulse seaweed flakes
Sesame seeds
Kewpie mayonnaise (Asian sweet mayo)
Okonomiyaki sauce
For the Okonomiyaki sauce:
2 tbsp ketchup
1/2 tbsp sriracha or hot sauce
1/2 tbsp Worcestershire sauce
1/2 tbsp soy or tamari sauce
bonito flakes
Directions
Step 1 Add the flour to a large bowl and break the eggs into the flour one by one. Now add the water with vegetable broth and mix with a whisker until smooth. Transfer to the fridge.
Step 2 Chop the shallot and cabbage, and drain the corn.
Step 3 Take the bowl out of the fridge and add the shallot, cabbage and corn to the mixture. Mix with a spatula until combined.
Step 4 Heat a large frying pan over medium heat and add some oil to the pan. Now add half of the mixture and press the vegies down a bit with a spatula. Cook for about 5-6 min until firm enough to turn over.
Step 5 To make it easier to flip the pancake, hold a plate to the pan and turn it over. Now transfer the pancake back to the pan.
Step 6 Cook for another 4-5 min until firm.
Step 7 In the meanwhile you’ll make the okonomiyaki sauce.
Step 8 When the pancake is ready, transfer to a plate and start your second pancake by repeating the process.
Step 9 Spread the okonomiyaki sauce over the pancake and drizzle with the kewpie. Add toppings such as pickled ginger, spring onions, seaweed flakes and sesame seeds.
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Miss Clarke's Tigers
We promise to try our best and never give up to be the best we can be!
Don't forget to keep practising your spellings and times tables.
Shining Star Award
This award is given to children for trying really hard to improve the presentation of their learning.
Going for Gold medals
Jude- For his growing confidence and becoming a 'can do' person!
Jamie- For his determination to improve his handwriting!
Tiger Class News- 21.7.17
Wow! An amazing final two weeks in the Tigers class. The children really have made the final two week wonderful.
The children all worked incredible to publish their play scripts, which were excellent. They created their own front covers and back cover to make it all very professional.
The children have continued to create their own board games. They made their own board games and then the children had the opportunity play each others games.
It has been an excellent final two weeks.
Thank you so much for all your support throughout the year. Have a lovely summer!
Tigers Class News- 7.7.17
Another packed week of learning for all the children in Tigers class!
In English, the children have been exploring play scripts. They have had the opportunity to perform a play script, which all the children loved. They have started to create toolkits to help them remember all the different features you must include. Towards the end of the week, the children have started to write their own play script linked to the Tin Forest.
In Maths, the children have been revising different properties of shapes. We have investigated different angles. The children have been exploring quadrilaterals and how we can identify them.
The children have spent some afternoons becoming inventors. They have been designing their own times tables games that they will make next week.
An excellent week of learning for all children!
Tigers Class News- 30.6.17
A fantastic short week of learning for all the children in Tigers class. As the children were with their new classes we had 3 fun pack days of learning.
In English, the children edited and published their wonderful rhyming poems. They added illustrations to their poem and Miss Stockwin has turned this into a book for the children to read.
In Maths, the children revised measure and how to convert.
On Friday we had an Art morning to finish our lovely Tin Forest art boxes. The children also had the opportunity to make their own Tommy the toucan bird using marshmallows and melted chocolate. The children loved this and especially enjoyed eating them at the end.
Another wonderful week for all the children in Tigers.
Tigers Class News- 23.6.17
Another wonderful week of learning for all the children in Tigers.
The children have worked extremely hard on publishing their newspaper report. These have been turned into our own class newspaper for the children to read. All the children work incredibly hard and myself and Miss Stockwin were amazed at their final draft!
In Maths, the Tiger children have been revising telling the time. This is something some children find tricky, however with their 'can do' attitude all have taken a step forward in learning how to tell the time. The children also revised how to find equivalent fraction!
The children have really enjoyed their Science this week. They have been learning about electricity, focusing on how to create a working circuit. The children loved making the circuit and enjoyed learning the different symbols to draw a circuit.
A great week of learning for all the Tigers!
Tigers Class News- 16.06.17
Wow! What a busy week all the children have had!
In English, the children have worked incredibly hard planning and designing their own newspaper article. They have looked closely at how to write a good introducing and how the use columns to present their news paper article. Next week the children will be publishing them in our own class Tiger Times newspaper.
In Maths, the children have been revising time and number factors. They have all worked extremely had problem solving and exploring how to find factors of a number.
The children have started to create their sculpture ready to be put n their forest boxes.
The children have explored magnets and some of their properties.
An amazing week for all children in the Tiger class.
Tigers Class News- 09.06.2017
Welcome back to all the Tiger children.
The children have come back to school ready to learn and with a positive can do attitude.
In English, the children have started to explore how to write a newspaper article. They have started to investigated the different feature they need to write a good newspaper report. The children will continue this next week.
In Maths, the children have been revising perimeter and area. They investigated finding the area and perimeter of rectilinear and some compound shapes. The children also revised how to create balanced sums.
A fantastic week back!
Tigers Class News- 12.05.17
Another fantastic week of learning for all the Tiger children.
In English, the class started to explore the story ‘Tin Forest’. We have created story map to help us retell the story. The children have tried to emphasis with the different characters in the story. All of this will help the children as we tackle diary writing next week.
In Maths, the children have loved being taught by Miss Stockwin. Our focus this week has been time. The children have been converting times between analogue and digital and 12hr and 24hr clocks. They have been problem solving and took part in a time carousel to help improve their time telling skills.
In English, the children have been learning how to write a good recount. As a class we learnt a text. The children created story maps to help retell the text. They added actions to help them do this. We began to identify the different features and created our own toolkit to help us write a good recount.
In Maths, the children have been working with Miss Clarke or Mrs Justice. The year 4 children have been exploring decimals. Each child has worked incredibly hard and gained a better understanding of decimals. The year 3 children have been investigating shape and measure. The children found converting between different measure tricky but by the end of the week had gain much more confidence doing it. A great week of Maths learning for all the children.
The children become recycling experts this week. They worked in teams and create amazing poster to inform people about recycling and what it can do to this planet.
An awesome week for all children in the Tigers Class.
Tigers Class News- 21.04.2017
Well what a fast first week back. I can’t quite believe just how much the Tiger children have squeezed into the last three days!!
The children began the week by writing a recount about their favourite day in the Easter holidays. I enjoyed reading them to find out all about what you had all been up to. We started to explore a recount written about a school trip. The children created story maps for this recount and will start to add actions to help them learn the texts.
The children took part in small Maths quizzes. I was impressed with the determination each child demonstrated towards some really tricky questions.
A great first week back for all the children in Tigers class.
Tigers Class News- 31.4.17
What an incredible final week of term for all the children in the Tigers class.
In English, the children worked amazingly hard to create a final copy of their persuasive advert for their Roman Villa. All the children tried really hard to publish their work and were extremely happy with their final advert.
In Maths, the children revised all the different areas of Maths we have focused on this term. I have amazed at what the children have remember and been able to able to small quizzes they have completed.
A wonderful week of learning by all the children in Tigers Class. Have a great holiday. See you all in April!
Tigers Class New-24.3.17
Wow! Another amazing week of work for all the children's in the Tigers class.
In English, the children have continued their work on persuasive writing. They have all started to compose their own advert for their Roman villas. The children have challenged themselves to apply all the different features we learn to about to their own writing.
In Maths, we have been exploring fraction using the bar model. This has been a new way of learning about fraction but all the children have risen to the challenge and have been impressed with all their hard work.
We had an incredible day when two Roman Soldiers came to visit. The children loved this day and asked lots of great question to extend their own learning.
Another amazing week for all the children in Tigers!
Tigers Class News- 17.3.17
Another exciting week for all the children in the Tigers Class.
In English, we have started to explore persuasive writing. The children have been introduced to a model advert for a Rustic Roman Villa. They have created story maps and added action to learn the advert. The children have started to investigate the different features of persuasive write and written their own toolkits.
In Maths, we have been focusing on multiplication and division. All the children have attempted to learn how to use ‘bus stop’ to answer division questions. I have been impressed with how all the children have risen to the challenge and tried to ‘be the best they can’.
We have been busy being scientist all week. In the afternoon the children have been learning all about space. The children have amazed me with their knowledge of space. All the children enjoyed a very fun science day on Friday. The whole of KS2 were mixed into different groups where they completed six different exciting experiments!
Another wonderful week of learning!
Tigers Class News- 10.30.2017
Another wonderful week of learning from all the children in Tigers class.
In English, we have continued to edit and publish our stories. I have been blown away with how much effort the children have demonstrated towards their very own stories. The children have typed up their stories and created front covers. The children will be entering these stories into the schools own 500 words competition.
In Maths, the children have been revising methods of written multiplication. The children have challenged themselves to use reasoning to solve different problems.
.The children have enjoyed their PE lesson this week. The children have been getting ready for the cluster cross country event and have been working on different ways of rolling in gym.
An excellent week of learning!
Tigers Class News- 03.03.2017
The children have had an extremely busy week of learning.
In English, the children have continued to draft their stories. The children have been revising how to use noun phrases to add more detail to their writing. I have been amazed at the editing that the children have completed. By editing their own work the children have been able to up-level what they have already written.
In Maths, we focused on addition and subtraction. I have been blown away by the children willingness to challenge themselves. As a class we introduced new challenges that they have to complete. The challenges include the children reasoning and problem solving.
An excellent week of work!
Tigers Class News 24.2.17
What an amazing first week back for all the children in Tigers! All the children came back to school focused and ready to learn.
In English, the children have worked extremely hard on their story writing. Each day we have looked at a different section of the story and what we need to include to grab the readers attention. The children loved creating their own characters and building stories around that character.
In Maths, we have been exploring place value. the children have been challenging themselves and each other to try answer and explore harder questions.
The children have all began to design a Roman Villa. I was very impressed with the detail that the children went into for these design, and I know the are looking forward to building their villas next week!
An amazing first week back.
Tigers Class News- 10.2.17
Well all the children certainly worked incredibly hard during the last week of term.
In English, the children amazed me with creative diary entries. They had to imagine they were Tranio or Livia and write their thoughts and feeling about watching the volcano erupt.The children amazed me with their ability to step into the role of these different character and write very diary entries.
In Maths, the children completed some very tricky quizzes. Again the way the children took on this challenging was amazing.
We finally erupted our volcanoes. I think this was the most exciting part of every child's in Tigers week. The children learnt about irreversible and reversible changes. They had to figure out what different amounts of each ingredient they needed to make their volcano explode.
A fantastic week of learning!
Tigers Class News- 03/02/17
Wow! What a busy week we have all had! Yet again I have been blown away by all the hard work the children have completed.
In English, we started to read Escape from the Pompeii. The children worked in pairs to create story maps to retell the story. We will be adding actions using these story maps next week.
In Maths, the children have been exploring word problems and how to solve them. They have blown me away with there 'can do' attitude towards every challenge they take.
We have been practising creating pointillism painting. The children have loved this style of painting and have created their own amazing paintings in this style!
Another amazing week from all the children.
Tigers Class News- 27.01.17
Wow! This week has certainly flown by. The children have been extremely busy this week and have impressed me with their 'can do' attitudes.
In English, the children have started to created their final draft of their non-chronological report. I have been impressed with how the children have organised their work in order to grab the readers attention.
In Maths, we have been studying extreme weathers and creating frequency chart to show tornadoes across American in 2017. The children then displayed this information in bar graphs.
We have finished painting our volcanoes ready to learn about erupting volcanoes. The children loved learning a dance to Pompeii and I'm excited to see the action they add to their own section of the dance next week.
An excellent week of learning by all the children!
Tigers Class News- 20.01.17
Another amazing week for all the children in Tigers Class!
In English, we have been exploring the different features of non-chronological reports and practising applying the different features to our writing. We have also started our research to answer key question the children created about volcanoes.
In Maths, The children have been investigating perimeter and area. I have been amazed by the 'can do' attitudes of all the children as they took all on all challenges set with a massive smile on their face.
We had another Friday messy afternoon when the children were able to paint their amazing volcanoes.
A wonderful week for everyone in Tigers class.
Tigers Class News- 13.1.17
An amazing first week back for all the children in Tigers Class.
In English, the children learnt a poem and recited after they had added action to it. The children amazed me with their creativity. The video of their poem is underneath. They then wrote their own volcano poem. All the children were able to use metaphors and similes within their work
In Maths, the children children explored rounding. Most children tried rounding decimal! I was blown with the children's extermination to challenge themselves.
We ended the week making modroc volcanoes. An amazing, creative, messy way to finish the week!
An amazing first week back.
Tigers Class News- 16.1216
Wow! What a busy week we have had. The children have worked amazing hard all week.
The beginning of the week was focused around the children's impressive performance. Each child bought something special to the stage and I have been blown away by how determined the children were to make this a wonderful show. Thank you to all how came and supported the children.
We have been in full Christmas mode this week. The children took part in decoration day which was enjoyed by all. They moved round the different classes creating cards, stocking and snowmen pompoms that all will be making their way home soon.
Another wonderful week for all the children!
Tigers Class News- 09.12.16
Another amazing week for all the children in the class.
We have been very busy with rehearsal for our Christmas production this week. I have been very impressed with how determined the children have been to learn their lines and add dance moves to all the different songs. I am sure everyone that comes to see it will be impressed by what the children have achieved.
In English, the children have revisited letters in a ‘show me what you know’ task and have written letters to Father Christmas to tell him why they deserve to be on the nice list. The children remembered lots of different features of letter writing and had some very interesting reason for being on the nice list.
In Maths, they revised written methods for addition and have started to investigate adding near multiples of 10. All children tried their best to be the best they can be!
An excellent week of work for all the children in Tigers Class!
Tigers Class News- 02.12.16
Another amazing week for all the children in the Tigers class!
In English, the children became authors and have written their own versions of a short film called 'The Lighthouse'. I was very impressed with the description each child used in their writing. The children then went on to write alternative endings to the Wolves in the Wall. We had all sorts of different animals creeping out the walls of Bugbrooke!
In Maths, the children have been exploring fractions. We investigated how to find quantities of fractions and equivalent fractions. The children were very focused and impressed me with their perseverance towards fractions.
We have been hard at work rehearsing for our Christmas production.
An incredible week of learning for all the children.
Tigers Class News- 25.11.16
Another wonderful week of learning for all the children in Tigers.
We had a very exciting start to the week when the children received a letter from the badgers that have been hiding in the walls of Bugbrooke School. The badgers had left our classroom in a bit of a mess but the children soon tidied to keep Mr Ford happy.
We then explored different types of letter, and the children were able to reply to the badgers in the wall.
In Maths, the children revised different method for multiplication and division. I was amazed at the how the children worked through the different challenges set for them.
Another amazing week of learning for all the children in Tigers!!
Tigers Class News- 18.11.2016
An incredible week of learning for all the children in Miss Clarke’s class.
In English we have continued our work on Wolves in the Wall. The children have been using onomatopoeia to help them write descriptive paragraphs. They have also been exploring how to change verbs into nouns. I have been amazed by how each child has taken on the challenge even though some found it very difficult.
In Maths, the children have revising how to double and half a number. They have be investigating number families and how we can make links between different numbers.
The children have loved learning how to play sitting down volleyball in PE and how to apply these skills to a game.
A brilliant week of learning for all the children in the Tigers Class!
Tigers Class News- 11.11.16
Well we have certainly had a busy first full week back!
In English, we have continued to explore ‘Wolves in the Walls’! The children have absolutely loved delving deeper into the story and are now starting to think about the different emotion the characters had during the story. The children worked in groups to create soundscapes. They used body percussion and objects around the classroom to create a soundscape. Each group had to pick a narrator that would retell a passage from the story.
Ever group worked extremely hard and create a very atmospheric feel to their re-telling of the story.
In Maths, we have been revising different methods for multiplication and division! The children have impressed me with their ‘can do’ attitude towards some really difficult Maths. We have also investigated how we can apply the written methods to different word problems.
A fabulous week of learning for all the Tigers!
Tigers Class News- 04.11.16
An amazing first week for all the children in Tigers. I have been very impressed with how the children have come back to school ready to learn!
In English, we have started to explore the story ‘Wolves in the Wall’. The children loved listening! We then worked in groups to think of words to describe the different characters appearances and personalities in the story.
In Maths, we have been investigating place value. The children worked on ordering and comparing numbers, the value of each digit in number, working backwards through zero including minus numbers and writing numerals as words.
In other areas we have begun to explore habitats for different animals. We also explored teeth and their different names and uses.
A wonderful week for all the children in Tigers!
Tiger Class News- 21.10.16
An amazing last week of term for all the children.
In English, the children finished writing their imaginary biography. They edited their own and each other work. They have all created a wonderful A3 poster with amazing illustrations and information about the BFG’s life.
In Maths, the children have been applying their knowledge of all four operations to different maths investigation. I have been amazed by the children positive attitudes to facing difficult maths challenges and the determination to complete the challenges.
A wonderful last week of term for all the children.
Tigers Class News- 14.10.16
Wow! We certainly have had a busy week.
In English, we have continued our work on the BFG, we have started to explore how to write an imaginary biography for the Big Friendly Giant. The children have focus on writing their introduction and about the BFG’s young life. The children have love creating a background story for one of their favourite characters.
In Maths the children have been exploring shape. We started the week with a shape investigation. The children used iPad to hunt for different 2D and 3D shapes around the school. They created presentations to show what they knew all the different properties of the shape. We also explored symmetry and angles in different shapes.
We had our very first class assembly. The children worked together to create a wonderful assembly that was enjoyed by everyone in the school.
Another wonderful week in Tigers!
Tigers Class News- 07.10.16
What another amazing week of learning for all the children in Tigers!
In English, we continued our work on the BFG. The children then used their amazing imaginations to create their own stories. The children had to think about the different descriptive methods we have been working on and apply this to their stories.
In Maths, we have been exploring money this week. The children have amazed me with their determination to keep on going even when finding something difficult.
Another wonderful week of learning Tigers!
Tiger Class News- 30.9.16
This week the Tigers have definitely come together and have proven they have all stepped up to the new challenges of year 3 and 4.
In Maths, the children have continued their work on written methods for addition and subtraction. I have been very impressed with how the children have persevered even when they thought they couldn’t do it. By the end of the week I can happily same that all the children have now attempted to use long addition or subtraction to answer a number sentence.
In English, we have continued to explore the BFG. The children have loved creating their own characters. They have practised using similes and amazing adjectives to really wow the reader.
Another wonderful week of learning for all the children in Tigers!
Tiger Class News- 23.9.16
Another incredible week of learning for all the children in the Tiger class.
We have been extremely busy this week and the children have amazed me with their determination to complete tasks.
In Maths, we have started to revise the different method we know for addition and subtraction. The children have pushed themselves to start work with bigger number and also numbers including decimals.
In English, the children have continued their work on the BFG. This week have been writing descriptive instructions about making their favourite dreams. The children wowed me with the similes they included in their work!
An excellent week of work for all the Tigers!
Tigers Class News 16.09.16
The children started their second week back at school focused and ready to learn!
I have been super impressed with the drive and determination they have shown towards their English work this week. We have been exploring how we can use similes and metaphors to improve our descriptive writing.
In Maths, the children have been revising place value. The children have been comparing numbers and learning how to order number in different ways. They have also been trying to solve place value investigations using clues. The children worked well in groups and independently to complete task that had been set.
On Wednesday the children went on a school trip to the shoe museum. Everyone really enjoyed themselves and had lots of fun whilst learning. The children took part in two different workshops and then had the opportunity to explore the different shoes in the museum!
Another excellent week of learning. Well done to everyone!
Tigers Class News- 09.09.16
Welcome back to a new school year Tigers.
I have been so impressed with all the children in our class. Everyone has come back to school with a positive attitude and ready to learn.
We have had an extremely busy first week back.
We started to the week by creating our classroom promise. The children worked together to decide the six rules that the children must follow in our class.
We introduce Dojo's to the children. This is a new reward program where the children are given points that link to our classroom promise and school values. The children have loved being rewarded points and have even started to highlight positive behaviour shown by other members of the class that they think should be rewarded.
The children have impressed me with their attitude to starting English and Maths after the summer holidays.
In English, the children have written wonderful descriptions about some special shoes that arrived at school. They have also written short stories which I am looking forward to reading.
In Maths, the children have been using their investigation skills to solve different problems I have given them.
An impressive first week back for all the children in the Tiger class!
How can you help:
Changing library books - the children need to change their library books independently, so please encourage them to do this either before or after school! These can be changed every day!
PE Kits -we have PE sessions twice a week. Please make sure your children have a named PE kit in school. Also, as the weather gets colder, please ensure the children have long sleeves and tracksuits bottoms for outdoor sessions.
Helping in class - we always appreciate any time you can offer in school to help us in our learning in lots of different ways. Come and speak to us about when you would be able to help.
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for now, the only thing we're growing on this farm is kids - not the goat variety
For the Chilean independence holiday, Dieciochera (September 18), you may remember that there was a weeklong festival in the park next door. The festival is sponsored at least in part by the city of Providencia, and the city provides the park's immediate neighbors with free entrance tickets to the festival. This gesture is, I suspect, a sort of apology for all the disruption. Our apartment complex is right next to the park. During the festival traffic is heavy around our usually quiet block, and finding a parking spot is nearly impossible. Noise is also an issue. Concerts would start around noon, and music would blare from the park until midnight. We could hear it inside our apartment, and we're on the side opposite of the park! I can't image being in one of the units that faces the park.
The city sent us a few different types of tickets. Basically, we were all able to go together two times. But we also had two tickets that could be used repeatedly for the entire week. So, at any given time, two of us could go enjoy ourselves.
So, one afternoon, Rosebud and I went together. It was like a mother-daughter date. Here she is all dressed up and ready to go.
You can see she had a spring in her step as we headed to the park.
We went early before it was too crowded so that she'd have a chance to ride some of the rides, like the mini-ferris wheel...
the little merry-go-round for which she was almost too big...
the airplane ride -- again, look how big she looks!
She also had a long turn in a moon bounce before we watched a clown/superhero's balloon show.
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When a guy makes sexual jokes about you, does he like you?
This guy I studied with tonight kept making references to me dating a nerdy guy in our class, and messing around with said nerdy guy. And I was...
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This guy I studied with tonight kept making references to me dating a nerdy guy in our class, and messing around with said nerdy guy. And I was joking and said "I'll just close my eyes when it's him." and then the guy I was studying with started laughing and put his head down, and when I asked what, he said "I'm just imagining you lying on the bed with your eyes closed". He was still laughing when he said that, but it still made me wonder if that's just a thing guys do with their female friends, or if he likes me.
Updates:
He constantly holds eye contact and then suggests me performing oral on the nerdy guy and that the nerdy guy only wants me for my body.idk I've just never had guys say stuff like that to me before.haha
Most Helpful Opinion
Anonymous
What you said was pretty funny. I think he might just be acting like a guy acts with guys.
Why don't you try to talk with him .may be he was checking out your intentions towards other guys, or he asked you about dating that guy to know if you are dating another one or in a relationship with other !.
I can feel there is something matters with that guy !.he is flirting for sure !
(I think he laughed because he was happy hearing from you , you would close your eyes).he didn't mean to be funny.but it is a way out of the situation !
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Question
1. Do you think changing Superior’s time-off policies will decrease unscheduled time-off?2. Beyond reducing occurrences of unscheduled time-off, are there any other benefits to offering PTO?3. Are there any disadvantages to changing to PTO? 4. What are the components of discretionary benefits? Provide two examples for each component of discretionary benefits.5. What kind of discretionary benefits would help companies to have better control over absenteeism?
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This challenge is all about capturing the roads, walks, trails, rails, steps, etc. we move from one place to another on. You can walk on them, climb them, drive them, ride on them, as long as the specific way is visible. Any angle of a bridge is acceptable as are any signs.
There won’t ever a topic to this challenge. All you need have is the “way” visible and the main focus of your photo.
Thanks, Kat. Just how it’s done there. No worries though. Turtle nesting sites and bird nesting sites are religiously monitored and protected. Off limits to vehicles after dark. It’s National Protected Seashore, so the NPS patrols and tends to it. The dunes are off limits, obviously. It’s taken good care of, by locals and visitors alike.
that’s good to know….there is a beach on the Washington coast, its actually Indian reservation, so no one really is patrolling and caring for the people walking and let me tell you, they drive on it 24/7….its hard to get down to the water due to idiots driving on the beach…glad to hear those beaches are well cared for….kat
They are. They’re as pristine as they can be. There’s just nothing built on the 13 miles of beach. Literally, nothing. No buildings, condos, hotels, houses. Nothing. And it’s not a crowded place anyway, so it’s really not bad.
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281 Wis.2d 1 (2005)
2005 WI 59
697 N.W.2d 49
In the MATTER OF DISCIPLINARY PROCEEDINGS AGAINST Michael J. BACKES, Attorney at Law:
OFFICE OF LAWYER REGULATION, Complainant,
v.
Michael J. BACKES, Respondent.
No. 2002AP3238-D.
Supreme Court of Wisconsin.
Submitted on briefs December 14, 2004.
Decided May 25, 2005.
For the respondent there were briefs by Michael J. Backes, Milwaukee.
For the complainant there was a brief by Gregg Herman, Matthew J. Price, and Loeb & Herman, S.C., Milwaukee.
*3 ¶ 1. PER CURIAM.
Attorney Michael Backes seeks review of a report and recommendation filed by Referee Joan Kessler on or about October 2, 2003.[1]
¶ 2. Attorney Backes attended law school following a career in real estate. He was admitted to practice in Wisconsin in 1986. He has no prior disciplinary history.
¶ 3. On December 5, 2002, the Office of Lawyer Regulation (OLR) filed a complaint against Attorney Backes, alleging some 15 disciplinary violations stemming from five separate client matters.
*4 ¶ 4. Attorney Backes filed a timely answer and the parties stipulated to two exhibits, which were admitted at the hearing before the referee, conducted on July 8 and 9, 2003. The first exhibit was entitled "Binding Stipulation as to Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law." This constituted a "no contest plea" to the factual allegations and four violations charged in connection with one of the client matters which is referred to herein as "J.J." The parties also stipulated to a document entitled "Facts Admitted by Respondent..." that summarized the other facts admitted by Attorney Backes in connection with the other allegations made against him. The matter proceeded to a hearing before the referee.
¶ 5. Ultimately, the referee concluded that Attorney Backes had committed misconduct in connection with nine[2] of the 15 counts with which he was originally charged. He was cleared of six counts alleged in connection with two client matters. The referee recommended a public reprimand and restitution in the form of fee refunds to two clients. The referee recommended further that Attorney Backes pay the costs of the disciplinary proceeding.
¶ 6. Attorney Backes contends that a public reprimand is excessive discipline in view of the facts of this matter. He suggests that the recommended discipline was derived from considering all the charges against him and is no longer appropriate considering that the referee cleared him of the allegations made in connection with two client matters. Indeed, he points out that he was cleared of one of the most serious allegations, an alleged violation of SCR 20:8.4, which involves conduct *5 involving dishonesty, fraud, deceit or misrepresentation. He suggests further that the referee erred with respect to certain factual findings made in two client matters. He asserts that a private reprimand is sufficient discipline for his misconduct.
¶ 7. For clarity, the allegations against Attorney Backes will be discussed in connection with the client matters to which they relate.
MATTER OF J.J.
¶ 8. Pursuant to the terms of the stipulation entered by the parties, Attorney Backes conceded he committed misconduct in this matter. As background, in 1994, the client, J.J., was convicted of one count of attempted first-degree murder and four counts of sexual assault. His conviction was affirmed on appeal.
¶ 9. In March 1998, J.J. contacted Attorney Backes about possible postconviction representation. He suggested he might be entitled to a new trial based on newly discovered evidence. Attorney Backes sent J.J. two letters, explaining first that he charged a flat fee, and later stating that fee would be $2500. On April 16, 1998, J.J. mailed Attorney Backes a check for $2500. There was no formal written fee agreement.
¶ 10. Attorney Backes visited J.J. in prison on June 26, 1998. At that meeting he stated that he would file a postconviction motion on J.J.'s behalf within 60 days of the meeting.
¶ 11. Despite several letters from Attorney Backes promising to take action in the near future, no pleading was ever filed on J.J.'s behalf. J.J. made several attempts to ascertain the status of the matter, including three attempts to terminate representation and obtain a refund of the retainer.
*6 ¶ 12. In May 2002, during the course of the ensuing grievance investigation, Attorney Backes did refund the full $2500 retainer to J.J.
¶ 13. The OLR alleged and Attorney Backes conceded that (1) by failing to file a postconviction motion or to conclude his review of J.J.'s file for more than 2½ years, Attorney Backes failed to act with reasonable diligence in representing J.J. in violation of SCR 20:1.3[3]; (2) by failing to respond to J.J.'s correspondence, Attorney Backes failed to keep J.J. reasonably informed about the status of a matter and promptly comply with reasonable requests for information in violation of SCR 20:1.4(a)[4]; (3) by failing to respond to J.J.'s specific inquiries about various postconviction relief issues, Attorney Backes failed to explain a matter to the extent reasonably necessary to permit J.J. to make informed decisions regarding the representation in violation of SCR 20:1.4(b)[5]; and (4) by failing until May 2002, to refund the $2500 fee that J.J. had paid, Attorney Backes failed, upon termination of representation, to refund an advance payment of fees that had not been earned in violation of SCR 20:1.16(d).[6]
*7 MATTER OF D.M.
¶ 14. Counts V through VIII of the complaint involved allegations of misconduct with respect to the matter of D.M. The referee concluded that Attorney Backes did not commit misconduct in his handling of the D.M. matter, and the OLR did not appeal that conclusion. Therefore, these facts and conclusions are not in dispute, but are discussed herein for reference because Attorney Backes contends this matter was wrongly considered by the referee in her decision to recommend a public reprimand.
¶ 15. D.M. was convicted of one count of second-degree sexual assault of a child in 1993. His motion for plea withdrawal was denied and the matter affirmed on appeal.
¶ 16. In May 1996, D.M. met with Thomas Russell, another lawyer at Backes' law firm, to discuss filing a possible postconviction motion. D.M. signed a fee agreement with this attorney.
¶ 17. A short time later, D.M. met with Attorney Backes and executed a new written fee agreement, for "post judgment matters" in which he agreed that the initial retainer would be $2500. The agreement provided: "This fee is a minimum and non refundable fee and is to be paid as follows: $1500.00 Down, Bal. 45 Days." The agreement goes on to discuss the possibility of a higher fee "if an appeal is required." D.M. paid Attorney Russell $1500 when he signed the fee agreement.
¶ 18. D.M. then "effectively disappeared." From May 1996 to May 1997, he neither initiated contact *8 with Attorney Backes nor responded to Attorney Backes' attempts to contact him. In September 1997, D.M. "reappeared" and requested legal action from Attorney Backes on a matter apparently unrelated to the earlier fee agreement.
¶ 19. On September 18, 1997, Attorney Russell provided Attorney Backes with a written analysis of D.M.'s case, concluding that there was no good-faith basis upon which a postconviction motion could be filed. At this point, the $1000 balance on the fee agreement was still due and owing.
¶ 20. In October 1997, Attorney Backes wrote to D.M. and asked for the additional $1000 to proceed with the case. The complaint indicates that "[t]hereafter, for over a year [D.M.] was unable to obtain $1,000.00 to pay [Attorney Backes]." In December 1998, D.M. gave Attorney Backes $1000 to proceed.
¶ 21. In a letter dated January 18, 1999, after some additional review of the file, Attorney Backes informed D.M. that there were no grounds upon which to proceed with a postconviction motion. Correspondence between the two ensued. It appears that D.M. was unwilling to accept Attorney Backes' conclusion, and repeatedly insisted some motion be filed. Attorney Backes declined to file a motion and declined to refund the $1000 payment, asserting that this fee was earned.
¶ 22. On March 21, 2002, four months after D.M. filed a grievance against him, Attorney Backes refunded D.M. $1000.
¶ 23. The OLR complaint alleged that Attorney Backes' conduct with respect to the D.M. matter violated SCR 20:1.3 (reasonable diligence), SCR 20:1.4(b) (failure to adequately explain matter), SCR 20:1.16(d) (failure to refund unearned payment), and the most *9 serious charge levied against Attorney Backes, SCR 20:8.4(c) (conduct involving dishonesty, fraud, deceit or misrepresentation).
¶ 24. The referee, however, concluded that Attorney Backes did not commit misconduct with respect to his handling of the D.M. matter, noting that a fixed fee agreement is not a per se violation of rules of professional conduct, so long as the fee is reasonable in relation to the work performed. The referee observed that there was no evidence that the fee here was unreasonable. The referee noted further that there was no indication that D.M. objected to the delay or to the fee "until after he was told that ... nothing could be done to reopen the case."
MATTER OF C.D.
¶ 25. The referee also exonerated Attorney Backes from the OLR's charges against him in respect to the matter of C.D. The OLR does not appeal that conclusion. Therefore, again these findings and conclusions are not in dispute and are only summarized here for purposes of evaluating whether they were improperly considered in recommending discipline.
¶ 26. In November 1998, C.S. retained Attorney Backes to pursue a sentence modification motion for her fiancé, C.D., who had been incarcerated since 1991 following his conviction for armed robbery and threats to injure. C.S. paid Attorney Backes $1250 and agreed to pay him another $1250 within 30 days. There was no written fee agreement. C.S. duly paid the remaining $1250 on December 31, 1998. The premise of the requested motion was that C.D.'s parents were ailing and needed C.D. to care for them.
¶ 27. On February 24, 1999, Attorney Backes wrote to C.D. advising him that he had spoken to the *10 parents and had questions about whether the requested motion was appropriate. On March 9, 1999, Attorney Backes contacted C.D. to state that C.D.'s parents had informed him that they were not in ill health, and did not need C.D. to come home to care for them. He advised C.D. that there was thus no basis for filing a motion for sentence modification.
¶ 28. Over the following months, a series of correspondence ensued between C.D. and Attorney Backes, with C.D. demanding Attorney Backes either file a motion or refund $2000 of his fee, and Attorney Backes explaining he had earned his fee.
¶ 29. In October 1999, C.D. wrote to Attorney Backes, asking him to pursue whether a potential witness was available and stating that he had been assaulted by another inmate. Attorney Backes did contact C.D.'s former attorney regarding the potential witness, and on December 20, 1999, forwarded C.D. a letter from that attorney stating that the witness was not available. On January 5, 2000, C.D. was attacked by another inmate and seriously injured. In June 2000, another attorney represented C.D. in a sentence modification motion. The motion was denied.
¶ 30. The referee concluded that Attorney Backes had not committed misconduct with respect to his handling of the C.D. matter, noting that there was no evidence that a flat fee was unreasonable.
¶ 31. Attorney Backes agrees with this conclusion, but emphasizes that the injury C.D. sustained in the altercation with another inmate did not establish a basis for a sentence modification. We acknowledge the point, but conclude that the referee included these facts to establish the chronology; it was not the basis for the referee's decision, nor does it appear to have affected the referee's recommendation with respect to discipline.
*11 MATTER OF D.L.S.
¶ 32. The referee concluded that Attorney Backes committed misconduct in his handling of the matter of D.L.S. Attorney Backes challenges the referee's factual findings on several points.
¶ 33. On January 28, 2000, D.L.S. retained Attorney Backes to defend her son, M.L., against a charge of repeated acts of sexual assault against a child. D.L.S. signed a fee agreement in which she agreed to pay a flat, nonrefundable fee of $2500 to resolve the case short of trial.
¶ 34. On January 31, 2000, Attorney Backes met with M.L. in jail. M.L. requested that Attorney Backes file an immediate motion to reduce his bail. D.L.S. also asked Attorney Backes to file a motion to reduce her son's bail, explaining this was a high priority.
¶ 35. On February 25, 2000, Attorney Backes had not filed the requested motion, and D.L.S. discharged Attorney Backes, requesting an itemization and return of any unearned fees. On February 28, 2000, D.L.S. retained another attorney who promptly entered an appearance and moved for bail modification on March 7, 2000. The motion was granted the same day. M.L. was released on cash bond a few days later.
¶ 36. D.L.S. made two subsequent requests for a refund of unearned fees on March 29 and May 3, 2000. Although Attorney Backes admitted he had worked only five to seven hours on the matter, he did not send D.L.S. a refund until March 21, 2002, more than two years after he was discharged. The refund was in the amount of $1500, leaving a balance of $500 in dispute.
¶ 37. The parties disputed the reason Attorney Backes did not promptly file a motion for bail modification. *12 The referee made findings that Attorney Backes testified that he delayed bringing the motion because he thought the motion would require the support of the district attorney and he was trying to obtain that support, and because it was his understanding that his clients could raise no more than $5000 for bail.
¶ 38. On appeal, Attorney Backes challenges these findings. The record does reflect statements indicating that he thought the clients could only produce $2500 for bail. Bail was ultimately reduced to $5000, indicating it was reasonable for him to be concerned about the client's inability to raise more than $2500. Indeed, Attorney Backes implies that it would have been futile to bring a motion. He adds that he, in fact, had established the court date for the bail hearing although he concedes that he had not yet prepared a written bail motion.
¶ 39. Attorney Backes also challenges the referee's conclusion that he did not adequately communicate his strategic reasoning to the clients. He points to testimony elicited on cross-examination at the hearing in which the clients acknowledge that Attorney Backes did have discussions with them about various aspects of the case.
¶ 40. While there is record evidence of some misunderstanding as to the amount of money the client had available for bail, the record supports the referee's conclusion that the clients did not understand Attorney Backes' strategic decisions, nor did they believe that Attorney Backes had the matter in hand. M.L. wrote Attorney Backes several letters and D.L.S. telephoned Attorney Backes several times in an effort to obtain information about the status of the bail hearing, without receiving a response from Attorney Backes. Although Attorney Backes may indeed have intended to *13 raise the question of bail at a scheduled pretrial hearing, he never formally filed a motion for bail modification. And, it is undisputed that it took more than two years for Attorney Backes to refund even a portion of the retainer, despite his admission that he spent no more than five to seven hours on the client's file.
¶ 41. We are persuaded that the referee's conclusions that Attorney Backes failed to act with reasonable diligence and promptness in violation of SCR 20:1.3, and failed to timely refund an advance payment that had not been earned in violation of SCR 20:1.16(d) are supported by the record and are not clearly erroneous. We agree further with the referee's recommendation that Attorney Backes be required to refund D.L.S. the balance of the fee retainer in this matter.
MATTER OF C.B.
¶ 42. The referee concluded that Attorney Backes committed misconduct in his handling of the C.B. matter. Attorney Backes challenges the referee's factual findings on several points.
¶ 43. C.B. was convicted of first-degree intentional homicide, while armed, in 1993. In November 1999, C.B.'s mother and aunt retained Attorney Backes to file a motion for postconviction relief on behalf of C.B.
¶ 44. On C.B.'s behalf, a fee agreement was signed by his mother in which a nonrefundable fee of $2500 was to be paid. C.B.'s aunt paid $1500 on November 18th, and the remaining $1000 was paid 30 days later. The women understood that they were paying to bring the motion to court. They testified that they would *14 never have paid $2500 for an attorney to simply review C.B.'s case. Attorney Backes spoke with C.B. on January 17, 2000. On January 27, 2000, C.B. wrote to Attorney Backes with various suggestions and questions. Attorney Backes never responded to this letter and refused to accept C.B.'s telephone calls from prison. He also failed to return telephone calls from C.B.'s family members, and was repeatedly unavailable to meet with them, even when they went to his office seeking information about the status of C.B.'s case.
¶ 45. C.B. wrote to Attorney Backes again on April 20, 2000. Attorney Backes responded in writing on April 25, 2000, advising him that he had "reviewed the materials we have been sent and the input you have provided and have scheduled this matter for further review to determine what cause of action may have merit and how to bring it forward." The letter concluded: "I would certainly acknowledge that more time has passed on this than I would have liked, and we will proceed to re-review this matter and get back to you before too long."
¶ 46. On April 29, 2000, C.B.'s aunt wrote to Attorney Backes, stating she had reviewed his letter to C.B. and she was terminating Attorney Backes' representation. She requested a refund of the retainer and return of C.B.'s transcripts. Initially, Attorney Backes refused to refund any portion of the retainer, asserting that he had completed extensive document review in the matter. On March 21, 2002, Attorney Backes did refund the clients $2250 of the retainer, leaving a balance of $250 in dispute.
¶ 47. The OLR alleged and the referee concluded that by (1) not completing a review of C.B.'s case between November 19, 1999 and April 29, 2000, Attorney Backes failed to act with reasonable diligence in his *15 representation of C.B. in violation of SCR 20:1.3; (2) failing to respond to C.B.'s letter and the telephone calls from C.B. and his family members, Attorney Backes failed to keep his client reasonably informed about the status of a matter in violation of SCR 20.1.4(a); and (3) failing to return $2250 to C.B. until March 2002, Attorney Backes failed to timely return fees that had not been earned in violation of SCR 20:1.16(d). The referee recommended that Attorney Backes be required to refund the client the remainder of the retainer fee.
¶ 48. Attorney Backes challenges the referee's findings and conclusions of law regarding this matter. The referee stated that she found the witnesses in this matter "substantially believable." Attorney Backes vigorously disputes this finding, asserting that their testimony was "clearly exaggerated" and suggesting that the testimony of C.B.'s mother was "driven by her son's relentless prodding to obtain a refund of the entire legal fee after an excessive amount of work was completed, for purposes of retaining another attorney and getting another `kick at the can.'" Attorney Backes concedes that he should have accepted the calls from C.B., but explains that his failure to do so was due to the mistaken belief that the telephone calls were collect calls.
¶ 49. He maintains he did work on the matter and cites as evidence the fact that C.B.'s mother "peeked" into his office in one of her attempts to contact him and saw for herself the transcripts stacked next to his desk. He adds that he testified that he performed work on the matter. Attorney Backes asserts that the referee's finding that "it does not appear that any significant work was done to review [C.B.'s] undoubtedly thick file" is in error.
*16 ¶ 50. We disagree. Attorney Backes was unable to produce documentation reflecting substantial work on the C.B. matter. He could only document having researched and copied two appellate decisions, and had no notes or other documentation to support his claim that he had reviewed voluminous transcripts. The referee was entitled to disbelieve Attorney Backes' assertions to the contrary. Similarly, there is no reason to disregard the referee's credibility determinations with respect to the witnesses in this matter. We recognize that Attorney Backes maintains that he earned the fee and returned it only to appease the OLR, however, absent documentary evidence of work performed on these files, we will not deem the referee's findings clearly erroneous.
¶ 51. Indeed, having reviewed the record in this matter we adopt the referee's findings of fact and conclusions of law and commend the referee for her detailed report and recommendation and careful citations to the record evidence. The few arguable discrepancies identified by Attorney Backes do not alter the conclusions we reach in this matter.
¶ 52. Turning to the question of the appropriate discipline, Attorney Backes points to statements by the OLR indicating it considered the alleged misconduct committed in the C.D. matter to be the most serious charge levied against Attorney Backes, as well as to statements indicating that it was the combination of incidents of alleged misconduct that warranted a public reprimand. Attorney Backes was, of course, absolved of the allegations of misconduct in the C.D. matter, and also in the D.M. matter.
*17 ¶ 53. In considering the appropriate discipline for professional misconduct, we consider a variety of factors, including the seriousness, nature and extent of the misconduct; the level of discipline needed to protect the public, the courts and the legal system from repetition of the lawyer's misconduct; the need to impress upon the attorney the seriousness of the misconduct; and the need to deter other attorneys from committing similar misconduct. See In re Disciplinary Proceedings Against Charlton, 174 Wis. 2d 844, 876, 498 N.W.2d 380 (1993).
¶ 54. We consider Attorney Backes' lack of previous discipline and the fact that he was cleared of several charges. We recognize his extensive cooperation with the OLR and his acknowledgement that he committed certain errors, and that a "lesson has been learned." We are mindful that he did return fees to clients.
¶ 55. However, we share the OLR's concern about "the distressing patterns of behavior ... carried out against some of the most vulnerable and undereducated clients." Attorney Backes' repeated incidents of failure to proceed with reasonable diligence, failure to keep clients informed of the progress of their cases, and failure to return unearned fees owed to clients does constitute a pattern of conduct that warrants the imposition of public discipline.
¶ 56. Therefore, we adopt the report and recommendation. We order Attorney Backes to pay restitution in the form of a $250 fee refund to C.B., and a $500 fee refund to D.L.S., reflecting the unreimbursed portion of the $2000 fee retainer. In addition, we order Attorney Backes to pay the costs of the disciplinary proceeding.
¶ 57. IT IS ORDERED that Attorney Michael J. Backes is publicly reprimanded for professional misconduct.
*18 ¶ 58. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Attorney Michael J. Backes make restitution in the amount of $250 to C.B., and $500 to D.L.S.
¶ 59. IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that within 60 days of the date of this order Attorney Michael J. Backes pay to the Office of Lawyer Regulation the costs of this proceeding. If the costs are not paid within the time specified and absent a showing to this court of his inability to pay the costs within that time, the license of Attorney Michael J. Backes to practice law in Wisconsin shall remain suspended until further order of the court.
¶ 60. SHIRLEY S. ABRAHAMSON, C.J. (concurring).
My concurrence in In re Disciplinary Proceedings Against Konnor, 2005 WI 37, 279 Wis. 2d 284, 694 N.W.2d 376, provides context and perspective regarding costs in disciplinary proceedings and also stands as a concurrence in the present case. See also In re Disciplinary Proceedings Against Polich, 2005 WI 36, 279 Wis. 2d 266, 694 N.W.2d 367 (Abrahamson, C.J., concurring).
¶ 61. Keith Sellen, Director of the Office of Lawyer Regulation, has filed an administrative rules petition proposing certain changes to the Supreme Court Rules relating to assessment of costs. The court will hear the petition in the fall of this year. See Rules Petition 05-01, In the Matter of the Petition for Amendment to Supreme Court Rule 22.0001(3) Relating to Cost Assessments in the Lawyer Regulation System (Jan. 18, 2005).
¶ 62. Until the court decides the petition, I would continue the court's practice of generally assessing full costs.
¶ 63. I am authorized to state that Justice N. PATRICK CROOKS joins this opinion.
¶ 64. ANN WALSH BRADLEY, J. (concurring).
I have not yet written in what has become a continuing *19 discussion on the issue of imposition of costs in disciplinary cases. Much has been written and the topic has consumed, in my opinion, an undue amount of this court's time and resources.[1] A petition has been filed for the court to consider new guidelines and standards in the imposition of such costs.[2] Let us hear the petition, make changes to our current procedures as we deem necessary, and get on with the business of this court.
¶ 65. Both my life experience and my experience on this court impel me to the conclusion that we need uniform procedures and they need to be uniformly applied. Each case has its unique facts which result in differing levels of discipline. But no matter what the circumstances involved, the procedures should be the same.
¶ 66. The procedures and standards must apply equally regardless if the respondent is with a large firm or small firm, specialized practice or general practice, urban or rural. I believe it to be laudatory that the *20 dissent envisions new approaches and considers better ways of doing things. However, to apply a new standard in this case, which has not been applied in others, only because some justices have a new idea for a temporary standard, promotes instability and lack of uniformity in our procedures. It is also unfair to others who have not had the benefit of catching the attention and imagination that prompts this new stopgap approach.
¶ 67. Notably, this new approach will likely be more costly, which may exacerbate rather than minimize the concern regarding high costs advanced by the dissent. It will require a determination by a fact finder as to what is "substantially related." Although the dissent suggests that such a determination is "simple," I do not think so.
¶ 68. It may not be so simple to parse what part of trial preparation is attributed to which count. Likewise, in my experience, it may not be able to easily determine what fraction of the hearing before the referee or the oral argument in this court is as a result of what count. Are we to add the total minutes or hours of the proceeding, and then analyze the questions and answers to determine how each is to be allocated?
¶ 69. After we have a hearing on the newly filed petition and consider the positions advanced by those who appear, the court may well embrace the position set forth by the dissent. Or, it may consider an alternative. But whatever we do, we must be consistent in the application of our standards and procedures.
¶ 70. Let's have the hearing on the filed petition, decide it, and turn our attention to the many other pressing issues before this court.
*21 ¶ 71. I am authorized to state that CHIEF JUSTICE SHIRLEY S. ABRAHAMSON, JUSTICE JON P. WILCOX, and JUSTICE N. PATRICK CROOKS, join this concurrence.
¶ 72. LOUIS B. BUTLER, JR., J. (concurring in part, dissenting in part).
I join the per curiam's decision and order as to the discipline imposed in this action. I write separately because I disagree with the court that full costs should be imposed in this case. Because Attorney Backes was absolved of any allegations of misconduct in both the C.D. and D.M. matters, I would not assess any costs for the counts associated with those complaints.
¶ 73. On December 5, 2002, Attorney Backes was charged with 15 disciplinary violations stemming from five separate client matters. Ultimately, the referee concluded that Attorney Backes had committed misconduct in connection with nine of the 15 counts concerning three separate client matters. We accept the referee's findings of fact and conclusions of law with respect to the disciplinary proceedings.[1] Those findings include a determination that Attorney Backes did not commit misconduct with respect to his handling of the D.M. matter contained in counts five through eight of the complaint,[2] and that he did not commit misconduct with respect to his handling of the C.D. matter contained in counts 11 and 12 of the complaint.[3]
¶ 74. Given our determination, we must now determine the appropriate discipline for the professional misconduct found. As the per curiam opinion indicates, we consider a variety of factors, including the seriousness, *22 nature, and extent of the misconduct; the level of discipline needed to protect the public, the courts, and the legal system from repetition of the lawyer's misconduct; the need to impress upon the attorney the seriousness of the misconduct; and the need to deter other attorneys from committing similar misconduct. Per curiam op., ¶ 53. See also Disciplinary Proceedings Against Charlton, 174 Wis. 2d 844, 876, 498 N.W.2d 380 (1993). In considering these factors, the critical term used in the evaluation is "misconduct." Where no misconduct occurs, by definition nothing serious has happened. Where no misconduct occurs, the public, courts, and legal system are not in need of protection from its repetition. Where no misconduct occurs, there is no need to impress upon the attorney the seriousness of a nonexistent violation. Where no misconduct occurs, the need to deter other attorneys is absent.
¶ 75. We have determined that Attorney Backes has committed nine counts of misconduct against three different clients. Of course, he should be held responsible for the costs of the proceeding with respect to these counts, as well as the restitution ordered by the court. Per curiam op., ¶ 56. He did not commit any misconduct with respect to C.D. and D.M., however.
¶ 76. For the reasons stated in my concurring in part, dissenting in part opinion in In re Disciplinary Proceedings Against Polich, 2005 WI 36, ¶¶ 39-40, 279 Wis. 2d 266, 694 N.W.2d 367, I would adopt a "substantially related" approach to ordering costs in Office of Lawyer Regulations ("OLR") proceedings. In other words, where evidence is introduced that relates to multiple violations, I would assess costs associated with the prosecution of both the successful and the related unsuccessful counts. See United States v. Pieper, 854 F.2d 1020, 1027-28 (7th Cir. 1988). Costs should not be *23 assessed against an attorney in unrelated, unsuccessful counts where no misconduct has been found concerning a particular client. Such an assessment simply does not support the purposes underlying the factors we consider in determining the appropriate level of discipline where misconduct has occurred, but in unrelated matters.
¶ 77. I recognize that the "substantially related" approach that I would apply in this matter may not be a long-term solution as to how costs should be awarded in attorney-discipline cases. Supreme Court Rule 22.24 (1) establishes that this court has discretion to apportion costs in OLR proceedings. Until we establish standards, guidelines, and procedures for how to exercise our discretion, I propose the "substantially related" approach as a temporary measure so that we do not abdicate our responsibility to exercise our discretion in cases like this where discretion is warranted.[4] Accordingly, I would follow the rationale set forth in Pieper until we devise our own procedures.
*24 ¶ 78. Applying the "substantially related" test is simple in this case. I conclude that imposing costs on Attorney Backes regarding the allegations of misconduct with respect to handling C.D.'s and D.M.'s matters is not warranted. Attorney Backes was acquitted of all allegations of misconduct regarding these clients, and there is no basis upon which to conclude that these allegations were in any way, much less substantially, related to the misconduct that was established.
¶ 79. In view of his lack of prior discipline, his "extensive cooperation with the OLR," his acknowledgement that he committed certain errors, and the fact that he returned fees to clients,[5] imposing full costs on Attorney Backes is not justified. The factors we are to consider when imposing discipline simply do not warrant that result.
¶ 80. I therefore respectfully dissent from that portion of the per curiam opinion that assesses full costs against the respondent. I concur with the remainder of the decision.
¶ 81. I am authorized to state that Justice PATIENCE DRAKE ROGGENSACK joins this opinion.
*25
NOTES
[1] Attorney Backes' notice of appeal was untimely. The Office of Lawyer Regulation (OLR) moved to dismiss the entire appeal. This court acknowledged that the appeal was untimely but directed the parties to file briefs in the matter pursuant to SCR 22.17(2), which provides that "[i]f no appeal is filed timely ... [t]he court, on its own motion, may order the parties to file briefs in the matter."
[2] These nine violations include the four counts to which Attorney Backes stipulated.
[3] SCR 20:1.3 provides that "[a] lawyer shall act with reasonable diligence and promptness in representing a client."
[4] SCR 20:1.4(a) provides: "(a) A lawyer shall keep a client reasonably informed about the status of a matter and promptly comply with reasonable requests for information."
[5] SCR 20:1.4(b) provides: "(b) A lawyer shall explain a matter to the extent reasonably necessary to permit the client to make informed decisions regarding the representation."
[6] SCR 20:1.16(d) provides:
(d) Upon termination of representation, a lawyer shall take steps to the extent reasonably practicable to protect a client's interests, such as giving reasonable notice to the client, allowing time for employment of other counsel, surrendering papers and property to which the client is entitled and refunding any advance payment of fee that has not been earned. The lawyer may retain papers relating to the client to the extent permitted by other law.
[1] See, e.g., OLR v. Trewin, 2004 WI 116, 275 Wis. 2d 116, 684 N.W.2d 121; OLR v. Polich, 2005 WI 36, 279 Wis. 2d 266, 694 N.W.2d 367; OLR v. Konnor, 2005 WI 37, 279 Wis. 2d 284, 694 N.W.2d 376.
[2] Petition Number 05-01, In the Matter of the Petition For Amendment to Supreme Court Rule 22.001(3) Relating to Cost Assessments in the Lawyer Regulation System, filed by Keith Sellen, Director, Office of Lawyer Regulation. The petition requests that the court amend SCR 22.001(3) to define "costs" in the Lawyer Regulation System to include "the compensation and necessary expenses of referees [and] litigation expenses other than counsel fees of the office of lawyer regulation...." As a result, counsel fees would not be assessed against the respondent in a disciplinary case, but would be absorbed by the Office of Lawyer Regulation's operating expenses, paid for by all of the members of the Bar.
[1] Per curiam op., ¶ 51.
[2] Per curiam op., ¶ 24.
[3] Per curiam op., ¶ 30.
[4] We agree with the concurrence that one way to handle the lack of standards for assessing costs is by rule petitions. Bradley, J., concurrence, ¶¶ 64, 70. Nevertheless, Supreme Court Rule 22.24 (1) unequivocally vests this court with discretion to apportion costs in OLR proceedings. "The fact that we have not established standards, guidelines, and procedures for when we exercise that discretion does not abdicate our responsibility to do so in cases like this where discretion is warranted." In re Disciplinary Proceedings Against Polich, 2005 WI 36, ¶ 43, 279 Wis. 2d 266, 694 N.W.2d 367 (Butler, J., dissenting).
The key word is "discretion." As this court reaffirmed just last term in State v. Gallion, 2004 WI 42, ¶ 3, 270 Wis. 2d 535, 678 N.W.2d 197, discretion is not synonymous with decisionmaking. The exercise of discretion "`contemplates a process of reasoning.'" Id. (quoting McCleary v. State, 49 Wis. 2d 263, 280-81, 182 N.W.2d 512 (1971)).
[5] Per curiam op., ¶ 54.
|
package zmq.socket.radiodish;
import zmq.Ctx;
import zmq.Msg;
import zmq.Options;
import zmq.SocketBase;
import zmq.ZError;
import zmq.ZMQ;
import zmq.io.IOThread;
import zmq.io.SessionBase;
import zmq.io.net.Address;
import zmq.pipe.Pipe;
import zmq.socket.pubsub.Dist;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
public class Radio extends SocketBase
{
private final Map<String, List<Pipe>> subscriptions;
private final Dist dist;
public Radio(Ctx parent, int tid, int sid)
{
super(parent, tid, sid, true);
options.type = ZMQ.ZMQ_RADIO;
subscriptions = new HashMap<>();
dist = new Dist();
}
@Override
public void xattachPipe(Pipe pipe, boolean subscribe2all, boolean isLocallyInitiated)
{
assert (pipe != null);
pipe.setNoDelay();
dist.attach(pipe);
xreadActivated(pipe);
}
@Override
public void xreadActivated(Pipe pipe)
{
Msg msg = pipe.read();
while (msg != null) {
if (msg.isJoin()) {
List<Pipe> pipes = subscriptions.computeIfAbsent(msg.getGroup(), k -> new ArrayList<>());
pipes.add(pipe);
}
else if (msg.isLeave()) {
List<Pipe> pipes = subscriptions.get(msg.getGroup());
if (pipes != null) {
pipes.remove(pipe);
if (pipes.isEmpty()) {
subscriptions.remove(msg.getGroup());
}
}
}
msg = pipe.read();
}
}
@Override
public void xwriteActivated(Pipe pipe)
{
dist.activated(pipe);
}
@Override
public void xpipeTerminated(Pipe pipe)
{
subscriptions.entrySet().removeIf(entry -> {
entry.getValue().remove(pipe);
return entry.getValue().isEmpty();
});
dist.terminated(pipe);
}
@Override
protected boolean xsend(Msg msg)
{
// SERVER sockets do not allow multipart data (ZMQ_SNDMORE)
if (msg.hasMore()) {
errno.set(ZError.EINVAL);
return false;
}
dist.unmatch();
List<Pipe> range = subscriptions.get(msg.getGroup());
if (range != null) {
for (int i = 0; i < range.size(); i++) {
dist.match(range.get(i));
}
}
dist.sendToMatching(msg);
return true;
}
@Override
protected Msg xrecv()
{
errno.set(ZError.ENOTSUP);
// Messages cannot be received from RADIO socket.
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
@Override
protected boolean xhasIn()
{
return false;
}
@Override
protected boolean xhasOut()
{
return dist.hasOut();
}
public static class RadioSession extends SessionBase
{
enum State
{
GROUP,
BODY
}
private State state;
private Msg pending;
public RadioSession(IOThread ioThread, boolean connect, SocketBase socket, final Options options,
final Address addr)
{
super(ioThread, connect, socket, options, addr);
state = State.GROUP;
}
@Override
public boolean pushMsg(Msg msg)
{
if (msg.isCommand()) {
byte commandNameSize = msg.get(0);
if (msg.size() < commandNameSize + 1) {
return super.pushMsg(msg);
}
byte[] data = msg.data();
String commandName = new String(data, 1, commandNameSize, StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);
int groupLength;
String group;
Msg joinLeaveMsg = new Msg();
// Set the msg type to either JOIN or LEAVE
if (commandName.equals("JOIN")) {
groupLength = msg.size() - 5;
group = new String(data, 5, groupLength, StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);
joinLeaveMsg.initJoin();
}
else if (commandName.equals("LEAVE")) {
groupLength = msg.size() - 6;
group = new String(data, 6, groupLength, StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);
joinLeaveMsg.initLeave();
}
// If it is not a JOIN or LEAVE just push the message
else {
return super.pushMsg(msg);
}
// Set the group
joinLeaveMsg.setGroup(group);
// Push the join or leave command
msg = joinLeaveMsg;
return super.pushMsg(msg);
}
return super.pushMsg(msg);
}
@Override
protected Msg pullMsg()
{
Msg msg;
switch (state) {
case GROUP:
pending = super.pullMsg();
if (pending == null) {
return null;
}
// First frame is the group
msg = new Msg(pending.getGroup().getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII));
msg.setFlags(Msg.MORE);
// Next status is the body
state = State.BODY;
break;
case BODY:
msg = pending;
state = State.GROUP;
break;
default:
throw new IllegalStateException();
}
return msg;
}
@Override
protected void reset()
{
super.reset();
state = State.GROUP;
}
}
}
|
Similarly to how we try to expand musical tastes here at Never Radio, we also want to push the boundaries of self-growth and cultural exploration. Subsequently, we are big fans of some of the amazing events in cities across the world that aid in one’s personal growth and harvest minds. Just like when you hear songs that enlighten you and makes you think, the ever popular Ted Talks can have similarly engaging effects. These talks that spread all over the world, currently based out of Vancouver, are also available in cities around the world through TEDX. Luckily, our Vancouver audience has an event coming up on May 28th 2016: TEDxStanleyPark.
Importantly, TEDxStanleyPark is a non-profit event, legendary for its incredible speakers and the ideas put forward. This years event is thematically centered around “Ideas to Action” which is based around the sources for human achievement. This event will be a catalyst for positive change both individually and as a community and we at Never Radio are extremely proud to be part of such a positive event.
We are extremely excited to be working with TEDxStanleyPark and the minds behind such an event. The event has been around for a few years already but this year they have expanded the capacity for the audience over five times from last year as demand continues to grow. Taking place at the Queen Elizabeth Theatre in downtown Vancouver, there will be 15 speakers covering a range of topics that will be of interest to most culturally aware and conscientious people throughout the lower mainland. To get an idea of what a day at a TEDX event can be like, check out our coverage of TEDxVancouver. However, this is a completely different event though, with a wonderfully engaging group of speakers. We will be covering the event and live-tweeting on the day as well as reviewing it in its entirety afterwards. Additionally, we will be interviewing one of the speakers, Connor Beaton, prior to the event and focusing on him in more detail as he will be one of the most anticipated talks of TEDxStanleyPark 2016. The complete list of the speakers and a preview of their respective talks is available here, but names such as Ryan Phillips, Galya Westler and Bosco Anthony are among them.
Tickets for TEDxStanleyPark are available here and we encourage everyone to get them before they are gone as this event has sold out several weeks in advance previously.
|
Reduced phosphodiesters and high-energy phosphates in the frontal lobe of schizophrenic patients: a (31)P chemical shift spectroscopic-imaging study.
(31)Phosphorous magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been widely used to evaluate schizophrenic patients in comparison to control subjects, because it allows the investigation of both phospholipid and energy metabolism in vivo; however, the results achieved so far are inconsistent. Chemical shift imaging (CSI) has the advantage that instead of only one or a few preselected voxels the tissue of a whole brain slice can be examined. The aim of the present investigation was to determine whether the results of previous studies of our group, showing that phosphodiesters (PDE) are decreased in the frontal lobe of schizophrenic patients as compared to control subjects, might be confirmed in an independent unmedicated patient sample using the CSI technique. A carefully selected new cohort including 11 neuroleptic-free schizophrenic patients and 11 age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects was recruited. CSI was applied and an innovative analysis method for CSI data based on a general linear model was used. PDE, phosphocreatine, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were found to be significantly decreased in the frontal lobe of patients with schizophrenia. Because PDE was decreased in schizophrenic patients, the membrane phospholipid hypothesis of schizophrenia could not be corroborated. Further results indicate decreased ATP production in the frontal lobe of patients with schizophrenia.
|
“Facing the Lion”: A Memoir That Speaks Volumes about Effective Storytelling and Autobiographical Writing
In 2003 the National Geographic Society published a memoir called Facing the Lion by Joseph Lemasolai Lekuton in which the author describes growing up on the savannah in northern Kenya along the southern border of Ethiopia and leading a nomadic life as a member of the Maasai people. The memoir—included on NEH’s list of favorite nonfiction titles—has elements of interest to middle grade readers from age eleven to fifteen, including adventure and danger.
A fourteen-year-old, Lemasolai, the narrator, must overcome the village’s initial doubts about him and prove his courage as a warrior. Lemasolai is also an ambitious student, hungry for learning generally unavailable to members of his village. A series of both well-earned accomplishments and plain good luck lead to a scholarship at a high school and then to colleges in the United States. (A performance in a soccer match witnessed by Kenya’s president also plays a role.)
Analyzing how Lekuton and his coauthor—Herman Viola—craft the memoir and how it reaches its resolution will serve as valuable steps for students continuing to develop skills in both critical reading and effective expository writing.
Facing the Lion is a good read not only because it’s an exciting tale well told, but also because, like many great stories, it starts in media res—in the middle of things. Since Facing the Lion is a memoir, tension and conflict help shape the narrative from the outset. Most autobiographies would begin with the author’s birth and follow his or her life chronologically. A memoir, however, can choose a dramatic starting point that initiates tension and conflict, establishing themes for the rest of the work. This is one aspect of the memoir genre that Lekuton’s book does so well.
Chapter 1—“A Lion Hunt”—begins with the threat of a nighttime attack by a lion on the village’s herd of cows, which Lemasolai is helping to watch over. The lion does in fact make a kill, the favorite cow of Lemasolai’s mother, which Lemasolai feels he must avenge by killing the lion. The day after the attack, however, when the warriors encircle the lion, Lemasolai realizes he is among the youngest in the group protecting the herd and chooses to seek the help of experienced warriors from another village. As Lemasolai meets and accompanies experienced warriors who are arriving to help, the lion is able to slip away, thereby creating the ingredients for a future fight. Members of Lemasolai’s own village suggest, however, he ran away at the most dangerous moment of confronting the lion.
Aside from presenting the challenge of Lemasolai’s having to prove his courage, this opening chapter creates much milieu-setting detail. Lemasolai describes cows’ collective reaction, for example, to the danger of a hunting lion (this involves the loss of control over a bodily function), how a pair of lions that are hunting splits up and strategically establishes positions on either side of the herd, how acacia thorns and bushes tear flesh during the confusion and fear of a nighttime stampede. There are also moments when Lekuton judiciously employs onomatopoeia, such as in describing the lion’s warning roars. The result is a lively story line, punctuated with elements of interest in and of themselves and important as well in advancing the narrative.
Lemasolai also feels a great pride in this first chapter in having suggested a tactic that saves most of the herd from being killed the night of the attack. He realizes his suggestion came from his “school learning” rather than his own experience, thus setting up the theme that will continue, regarding his pursuit of an education in what are often far-flung schools, where he must spend months away from his family, his village, and the brotherhood of warriors.
Pride is at the center of the following chapter, aptly titled “The Proud One,” but for reasons a reader wouldn’t expect. Playing off readers’ expectations is in fact another time-honored aspect of the memoir or good storytelling in general. Days after his birth, Lemasolai still refuses to drink milk from his mother’s breast, preferring instead to drink from a cow’s teat. No coaxing would prevail in convincing the newborn to take milk from his mother, and as a result he earned his name, “Lemasolai” meaning “the proud one” in the Maasai language.
We also learn that the word for the capital city of Kenya, Nairobi, comes from a Maa word meaning “cold," and that it’s taboo to count people, which causes census takers no end of pains to come up with an accurate number of Maasai. Cows are so integral to the culture, that every new birth among the village’s families is announced by saying either “male cow” or “female cow.”
Reverence for cows, then, is at the heart of Chapter 3, which delves into some ethnographic detail, pointing out that the villagers count wealth only in the number of cows they own, and in fact not to own a cow is just simply uncivilized. The favorite drink among the Maasai is the sweet milk their cows produce, with cows’ blood mixed in, mixed in, in fact, in greater quantity when a medicinal drink is needed.
With eleven chapters in all, the memoir goes on to resolve the central conflict about courage, narrate Lemasolai’s series of successes at school, the winning of scholarships, and his coming to the United States to earn a bachelor’s degree at St. Lawrence University. After earning a master’s at Harvard, Lekuton taught U.S. history at the Langley School just outside Washington, D.C.
Lekuton and Viola tell Lemasolai’s story deftly and with an economy of speech that might seem to present a challenge to readers of this level, but the logical presentation of the right detail at the right moment make it all manageable, delightful, and entertaining. Additionally, the story hits on subjects central to the world of middle grade readers: family, friends, and community.
Albert Marrin, author of several dozen books for young adults, has said, “Kids are very bright. I’m not going to write down. If anything, I’ll have them read up to me.” Therein lies the value of Facing the Lion, too. For teachers, presenting the first three chapters to classes near the end of the school year could pique students’ interest to continue on their own over the summer. If so, the effort will pay off, helping with future assignments in autobiographical writing, study of literary form (the family memoir), and literary analysis, opening the way as well for work in African studies and African literature.
|
---
title: Rosling.bubbles()
subtitle: "The Bubbles Animation in Hans Roslings Talk"
date: '2017-04-04'
slug: Rosling-bubbles
---
In Hans Rosling's attractive talk `Debunking third-world myths with the best
stats you've ever seen`, he used a lot of bubble plots to illustrate trends
behind the data over time. This function gives an imitation of those moving
bubbles, besides, as this function is based on `symbols`, we can
also make use of other symbols such as squares, rectangles, thermometers,
etc.
Suppose we have observations of $n$ individuals over
`ani.options('nmax')` years. In this animation, the data of each year
will be shown in the bubbles (symbols) plot; as time goes on, certain trends
will be revealed (like those in Rosling's talk). Please note that the
arrangement of the data for bubbles (symbols) should be a matrix like
$A_{ijk}$ in which $i$ is the individual id (from 1 to n), $j$
denotes the $j$-th variable (from 1 to p) and $k$ indicates the time
from 1 to `ani.options('nmax')`.
And the length of `x` and `y` should be equal to the number of rows
of this matrix.
```{r demo-a, cache=TRUE, interval=.2}
library(animation)
ani.options(interval = 0.2, nmax = 50)
## use default arguments (random numbers); you may try to find the real data
par(mar = c(4, 4, 0.2, 0.2))
Rosling.bubbles()
```
```{r demo-b, cache=TRUE, interval=.2}
## rectangles
Rosling.bubbles(type = 'rectangles', data = matrix(abs(rnorm(50 * 10 * 2)), ncol = 2))
```
|
March 24, 2020 Joe Biden Says “Listen to Dr. Fauci.” Shouldn’t He?
"Listen to Dr. Fauci," Joe Biden lectured President Trump on CNN today, adding, "he should listen to the scientific experts.”
On The View, Biden instructed the media to “have Dr. Fauci on a lot more than the president,” further attempting to sow division and drive a wedge between the President of the United States and the Director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) during a global health crisis.
But shouldn't Joe Biden listen to Dr. Fauci?
Just hours before Biden's comments, Dr. Fauci denounced the divisive tactics Biden is employing as “not helpful” in the middle of the coronavirus pandemic. Listen:
HOST: It seems like increasingly a bunch of the questions from the media are designed to create a rift between you and the President of the United States. Or at least, to emphasize differences of opinion in a way that creates distance between you and the President. Are you sensing that as the media continually asks you questions about the differences you have with him?
DR. FAUCI: That is really unfortunate. I would wish that that would stop because we have a much bigger problem here than trying to point out differences. There really fundamentally at the core, when you look at things, there are not differences. The president has listened to what I have said and what the other people on the task force have said. When I've made recommendations he's taken them. He's never countered or overridden me. The idea of just pitting one against the other is just not helpful. I wish that would stop and we’d look ahead at the challenge we have to pull together to get over this thing.
On The View, Biden also accused President Trump of making decisions that are not grounded in science. But Dr. Fauci is a scientist, and Fauci says President Trump has “never” made a decision that went against the science-based advice he provided. Watch:
HOST: There’s this statement put out, some in the press, some of the opposition party to the President, that the President doesn’t follow the science. Is the President following the science?
DR. FAUCI: Every single time that I – and when I say every, it’s like almost every day, it’s not like once a month – we’re in the [White House] task force meeting. There are several of us, myself included, and I’m not the only one, that’s a scientist or a public health person. There are other people who have other responsibilities, so we get a good sampling of expertise that you need, and it’s led by the Vice President. Secretary Azar is there as the Secretary of HHS. And we talk about every aspect and we make all of our decisions and recommendations that are based on the science. I have never, in that room, had a situation where I said, ‘scientifically this is the right thing to do it,’ and they said, ‘don’t do it,’ or, ‘scientifically this is the wrong thing to do,’ and they did it anyway. Then we get up and we present it to the President and he asks a lot of questions. That’s his nature. He’s constantly asking you questions. And I never, in the multiple times that I’ve done that, where I’ve said, ‘for scientific reasons we really should do this,’ that he hasn’t said, ‘let’s do it.’ Or, when he’s decided – not decided – when he suggests, ‘why don’t we do this?’ And I say, ‘no, that’s really not a good idea from a scientific standpoint’ – he has never overruled me.
Joe Biden is doing exactly what Dr. Fauci has said is "not helpful," and Biden's attacks on President Trump are directly contradicted by Dr. Fauci – who Nancy Pelosi praised today as a “truth teller.”
Biden can't continue to have it both ways. Either he should listen to Dr. Fauci or he should stop talking.
|
Minister of Education, Youth and Culture, Maxine Henry-Wilson, has made an impassioned plea to residents of communities surrounding schools to adopt these institutions and ensure their protection. The Minister noted that because communities were the primary beneficiaries of the education system, they had a duty to ensure that schools continued to function effectively.
“We know that schools face particular challenges because of financial constraints but available data shows that schools that have some of the best maintenance is not because they are awash with money, but because they have an active community participation programme,” Mrs. Henry-Wilson said, as she addressed a stakeholders meeting held recently at the Social Development Commission’s office in Morant Bay, St. Thomas.
She pointed to a school in the South Eastern St. Andrew community, which she represents, that was damaged by Hurricane Dennis and the community formed a “construction brigade” to repair the damage.She also informed of “reading brigades” in the constituency to monitor reading in schools and “security brigades” to ensure that the properties are safe for children and teachers.
The Education Minister noted also, that communities had a role to play in helping to quell violence in schools. “I hear all the cries about what education must do about security, but it is the community that must take the lead in doing something about violence,” she said.
“If this continues, not only will more schools decide to close, as is happening now, but also, we are going to have to spend too much money on putting in place security guards, security fencing and cameras, money that could be spent putting in place a computer laboratory, a library or giving much needed support to teachers in the classroom,” she added.
Mrs. Henry-Wilson noted further that as a country, “we cannot close our eyes to these incidents and then turn around looking surprised and complain that the government is doing nothing.you have to take a stand to end this type of violence in schools”.”It all boils down to accountability.from the Minister down”, she said, adding that, “everyone has to take an active part in ensuring the viability of the future.”
|
/* vi:set ts=8 sts=4 sw=4 noet:
*
* VIM - Vi IMproved by Bram Moolenaar
*
* Do ":help uganda" in Vim to read copying and usage conditions.
* Do ":help credits" in Vim to see a list of people who contributed.
* See README.txt for an overview of the Vim source code.
*/
/*
* diff.c: code for diff'ing two, three or four buffers.
*
* There are three ways to diff:
* - Shell out to an external diff program, using files.
* - Use the compiled-in xdiff library.
* - Let 'diffexpr' do the work, using files.
*/
#include "vim.h"
#include "xdiff/xdiff.h"
#if defined(FEAT_DIFF) || defined(PROTO)
static int diff_busy = FALSE; // using diff structs, don't change them
static int diff_need_update = FALSE; // ex_diffupdate needs to be called
// flags obtained from the 'diffopt' option
#define DIFF_FILLER 0x001 // display filler lines
#define DIFF_IBLANK 0x002 // ignore empty lines
#define DIFF_ICASE 0x004 // ignore case
#define DIFF_IWHITE 0x008 // ignore change in white space
#define DIFF_IWHITEALL 0x010 // ignore all white space changes
#define DIFF_IWHITEEOL 0x020 // ignore change in white space at EOL
#define DIFF_HORIZONTAL 0x040 // horizontal splits
#define DIFF_VERTICAL 0x080 // vertical splits
#define DIFF_HIDDEN_OFF 0x100 // diffoff when hidden
#define DIFF_INTERNAL 0x200 // use internal xdiff algorithm
#define DIFF_CLOSE_OFF 0x400 // diffoff when closing window
#define ALL_WHITE_DIFF (DIFF_IWHITE | DIFF_IWHITEALL | DIFF_IWHITEEOL)
static int diff_flags = DIFF_INTERNAL | DIFF_FILLER | DIFF_CLOSE_OFF;
static long diff_algorithm = 0;
#define LBUFLEN 50 // length of line in diff file
static int diff_a_works = MAYBE; // TRUE when "diff -a" works, FALSE when it
// doesn't work, MAYBE when not checked yet
#if defined(MSWIN)
static int diff_bin_works = MAYBE; // TRUE when "diff --binary" works, FALSE
// when it doesn't work, MAYBE when not
// checked yet
#endif
// used for diff input
typedef struct {
char_u *din_fname; // used for external diff
mmfile_t din_mmfile; // used for internal diff
} diffin_T;
// used for diff result
typedef struct {
char_u *dout_fname; // used for external diff
garray_T dout_ga; // used for internal diff
} diffout_T;
// two diff inputs and one result
typedef struct {
diffin_T dio_orig; // original file input
diffin_T dio_new; // new file input
diffout_T dio_diff; // diff result
int dio_internal; // using internal diff
} diffio_T;
static int diff_buf_idx(buf_T *buf);
static int diff_buf_idx_tp(buf_T *buf, tabpage_T *tp);
static void diff_mark_adjust_tp(tabpage_T *tp, int idx, linenr_T line1, linenr_T line2, long amount, long amount_after);
static void diff_check_unchanged(tabpage_T *tp, diff_T *dp);
static int diff_check_sanity(tabpage_T *tp, diff_T *dp);
static int check_external_diff(diffio_T *diffio);
static int diff_file(diffio_T *diffio);
static int diff_equal_entry(diff_T *dp, int idx1, int idx2);
static int diff_cmp(char_u *s1, char_u *s2);
#ifdef FEAT_FOLDING
static void diff_fold_update(diff_T *dp, int skip_idx);
#endif
static void diff_read(int idx_orig, int idx_new, diffout_T *fname);
static void diff_copy_entry(diff_T *dprev, diff_T *dp, int idx_orig, int idx_new);
static diff_T *diff_alloc_new(tabpage_T *tp, diff_T *dprev, diff_T *dp);
static int parse_diff_ed(char_u *line, linenr_T *lnum_orig, long *count_orig, linenr_T *lnum_new, long *count_new);
static int parse_diff_unified(char_u *line, linenr_T *lnum_orig, long *count_orig, linenr_T *lnum_new, long *count_new);
static int xdiff_out(void *priv, mmbuffer_t *mb, int nbuf);
/*
* Called when deleting or unloading a buffer: No longer make a diff with it.
*/
void
diff_buf_delete(buf_T *buf)
{
int i;
tabpage_T *tp;
FOR_ALL_TABPAGES(tp)
{
i = diff_buf_idx_tp(buf, tp);
if (i != DB_COUNT)
{
tp->tp_diffbuf[i] = NULL;
tp->tp_diff_invalid = TRUE;
if (tp == curtab)
diff_redraw(TRUE);
}
}
}
/*
* Check if the current buffer should be added to or removed from the list of
* diff buffers.
*/
void
diff_buf_adjust(win_T *win)
{
win_T *wp;
int i;
if (!win->w_p_diff)
{
// When there is no window showing a diff for this buffer, remove
// it from the diffs.
FOR_ALL_WINDOWS(wp)
if (wp->w_buffer == win->w_buffer && wp->w_p_diff)
break;
if (wp == NULL)
{
i = diff_buf_idx(win->w_buffer);
if (i != DB_COUNT)
{
curtab->tp_diffbuf[i] = NULL;
curtab->tp_diff_invalid = TRUE;
diff_redraw(TRUE);
}
}
}
else
diff_buf_add(win->w_buffer);
}
/*
* Add a buffer to make diffs for.
* Call this when a new buffer is being edited in the current window where
* 'diff' is set.
* Marks the current buffer as being part of the diff and requiring updating.
* This must be done before any autocmd, because a command may use info
* about the screen contents.
*/
void
diff_buf_add(buf_T *buf)
{
int i;
if (diff_buf_idx(buf) != DB_COUNT)
return; // It's already there.
for (i = 0; i < DB_COUNT; ++i)
if (curtab->tp_diffbuf[i] == NULL)
{
curtab->tp_diffbuf[i] = buf;
curtab->tp_diff_invalid = TRUE;
diff_redraw(TRUE);
return;
}
semsg(_("E96: Cannot diff more than %d buffers"), DB_COUNT);
}
/*
* Remove all buffers to make diffs for.
*/
static void
diff_buf_clear(void)
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < DB_COUNT; ++i)
if (curtab->tp_diffbuf[i] != NULL)
{
curtab->tp_diffbuf[i] = NULL;
curtab->tp_diff_invalid = TRUE;
diff_redraw(TRUE);
}
}
/*
* Find buffer "buf" in the list of diff buffers for the current tab page.
* Return its index or DB_COUNT if not found.
*/
static int
diff_buf_idx(buf_T *buf)
{
int idx;
for (idx = 0; idx < DB_COUNT; ++idx)
if (curtab->tp_diffbuf[idx] == buf)
break;
return idx;
}
/*
* Find buffer "buf" in the list of diff buffers for tab page "tp".
* Return its index or DB_COUNT if not found.
*/
static int
diff_buf_idx_tp(buf_T *buf, tabpage_T *tp)
{
int idx;
for (idx = 0; idx < DB_COUNT; ++idx)
if (tp->tp_diffbuf[idx] == buf)
break;
return idx;
}
/*
* Mark the diff info involving buffer "buf" as invalid, it will be updated
* when info is requested.
*/
void
diff_invalidate(buf_T *buf)
{
tabpage_T *tp;
int i;
FOR_ALL_TABPAGES(tp)
{
i = diff_buf_idx_tp(buf, tp);
if (i != DB_COUNT)
{
tp->tp_diff_invalid = TRUE;
if (tp == curtab)
diff_redraw(TRUE);
}
}
}
/*
* Called by mark_adjust(): update line numbers in "curbuf".
*/
void
diff_mark_adjust(
linenr_T line1,
linenr_T line2,
long amount,
long amount_after)
{
int idx;
tabpage_T *tp;
// Handle all tab pages that use the current buffer in a diff.
FOR_ALL_TABPAGES(tp)
{
idx = diff_buf_idx_tp(curbuf, tp);
if (idx != DB_COUNT)
diff_mark_adjust_tp(tp, idx, line1, line2, amount, amount_after);
}
}
/*
* Update line numbers in tab page "tp" for "curbuf" with index "idx".
* This attempts to update the changes as much as possible:
* When inserting/deleting lines outside of existing change blocks, create a
* new change block and update the line numbers in following blocks.
* When inserting/deleting lines in existing change blocks, update them.
*/
static void
diff_mark_adjust_tp(
tabpage_T *tp,
int idx,
linenr_T line1,
linenr_T line2,
long amount,
long amount_after)
{
diff_T *dp;
diff_T *dprev;
diff_T *dnext;
int i;
int inserted, deleted;
int n, off;
linenr_T last;
linenr_T lnum_deleted = line1; // lnum of remaining deletion
int check_unchanged;
if (diff_internal())
{
// Will update diffs before redrawing. Set _invalid to update the
// diffs themselves, set _update to also update folds properly just
// before redrawing.
// Do update marks here, it is needed for :%diffput.
tp->tp_diff_invalid = TRUE;
tp->tp_diff_update = TRUE;
}
if (line2 == MAXLNUM)
{
// mark_adjust(99, MAXLNUM, 9, 0): insert lines
inserted = amount;
deleted = 0;
}
else if (amount_after > 0)
{
// mark_adjust(99, 98, MAXLNUM, 9): a change that inserts lines
inserted = amount_after;
deleted = 0;
}
else
{
// mark_adjust(98, 99, MAXLNUM, -2): delete lines
inserted = 0;
deleted = -amount_after;
}
dprev = NULL;
dp = tp->tp_first_diff;
for (;;)
{
// If the change is after the previous diff block and before the next
// diff block, thus not touching an existing change, create a new diff
// block. Don't do this when ex_diffgetput() is busy.
if ((dp == NULL || dp->df_lnum[idx] - 1 > line2
|| (line2 == MAXLNUM && dp->df_lnum[idx] > line1))
&& (dprev == NULL
|| dprev->df_lnum[idx] + dprev->df_count[idx] < line1)
&& !diff_busy)
{
dnext = diff_alloc_new(tp, dprev, dp);
if (dnext == NULL)
return;
dnext->df_lnum[idx] = line1;
dnext->df_count[idx] = inserted;
for (i = 0; i < DB_COUNT; ++i)
if (tp->tp_diffbuf[i] != NULL && i != idx)
{
if (dprev == NULL)
dnext->df_lnum[i] = line1;
else
dnext->df_lnum[i] = line1
+ (dprev->df_lnum[i] + dprev->df_count[i])
- (dprev->df_lnum[idx] + dprev->df_count[idx]);
dnext->df_count[i] = deleted;
}
}
// if at end of the list, quit
if (dp == NULL)
break;
/*
* Check for these situations:
* 1 2 3
* 1 2 3
* line1 2 3 4 5
* 2 3 4 5
* 2 3 4 5
* line2 2 3 4 5
* 3 5 6
* 3 5 6
*/
// compute last line of this change
last = dp->df_lnum[idx] + dp->df_count[idx] - 1;
// 1. change completely above line1: nothing to do
if (last >= line1 - 1)
{
// 6. change below line2: only adjust for amount_after; also when
// "deleted" became zero when deleted all lines between two diffs
if (dp->df_lnum[idx] - (deleted + inserted != 0) > line2)
{
if (amount_after == 0)
break; // nothing left to change
dp->df_lnum[idx] += amount_after;
}
else
{
check_unchanged = FALSE;
// 2. 3. 4. 5.: inserted/deleted lines touching this diff.
if (deleted > 0)
{
if (dp->df_lnum[idx] >= line1)
{
off = dp->df_lnum[idx] - lnum_deleted;
if (last <= line2)
{
// 4. delete all lines of diff
if (dp->df_next != NULL
&& dp->df_next->df_lnum[idx] - 1 <= line2)
{
// delete continues in next diff, only do
// lines until that one
n = dp->df_next->df_lnum[idx] - lnum_deleted;
deleted -= n;
n -= dp->df_count[idx];
lnum_deleted = dp->df_next->df_lnum[idx];
}
else
n = deleted - dp->df_count[idx];
dp->df_count[idx] = 0;
}
else
{
// 5. delete lines at or just before top of diff
n = off;
dp->df_count[idx] -= line2 - dp->df_lnum[idx] + 1;
check_unchanged = TRUE;
}
dp->df_lnum[idx] = line1;
}
else
{
off = 0;
if (last < line2)
{
// 2. delete at end of diff
dp->df_count[idx] -= last - lnum_deleted + 1;
if (dp->df_next != NULL
&& dp->df_next->df_lnum[idx] - 1 <= line2)
{
// delete continues in next diff, only do
// lines until that one
n = dp->df_next->df_lnum[idx] - 1 - last;
deleted -= dp->df_next->df_lnum[idx]
- lnum_deleted;
lnum_deleted = dp->df_next->df_lnum[idx];
}
else
n = line2 - last;
check_unchanged = TRUE;
}
else
{
// 3. delete lines inside the diff
n = 0;
dp->df_count[idx] -= deleted;
}
}
for (i = 0; i < DB_COUNT; ++i)
if (tp->tp_diffbuf[i] != NULL && i != idx)
{
dp->df_lnum[i] -= off;
dp->df_count[i] += n;
}
}
else
{
if (dp->df_lnum[idx] <= line1)
{
// inserted lines somewhere in this diff
dp->df_count[idx] += inserted;
check_unchanged = TRUE;
}
else
// inserted lines somewhere above this diff
dp->df_lnum[idx] += inserted;
}
if (check_unchanged)
// Check if inserted lines are equal, may reduce the
// size of the diff. TODO: also check for equal lines
// in the middle and perhaps split the block.
diff_check_unchanged(tp, dp);
}
}
// check if this block touches the previous one, may merge them.
if (dprev != NULL && dprev->df_lnum[idx] + dprev->df_count[idx]
== dp->df_lnum[idx])
{
for (i = 0; i < DB_COUNT; ++i)
if (tp->tp_diffbuf[i] != NULL)
dprev->df_count[i] += dp->df_count[i];
dprev->df_next = dp->df_next;
vim_free(dp);
dp = dprev->df_next;
}
else
{
// Advance to next entry.
dprev = dp;
dp = dp->df_next;
}
}
dprev = NULL;
dp = tp->tp_first_diff;
while (dp != NULL)
{
// All counts are zero, remove this entry.
for (i = 0; i < DB_COUNT; ++i)
if (tp->tp_diffbuf[i] != NULL && dp->df_count[i] != 0)
break;
if (i == DB_COUNT)
{
dnext = dp->df_next;
vim_free(dp);
dp = dnext;
if (dprev == NULL)
tp->tp_first_diff = dnext;
else
dprev->df_next = dnext;
}
else
{
// Advance to next entry.
dprev = dp;
dp = dp->df_next;
}
}
if (tp == curtab)
{
// Don't redraw right away, this updates the diffs, which can be slow.
need_diff_redraw = TRUE;
// Need to recompute the scroll binding, may remove or add filler
// lines (e.g., when adding lines above w_topline). But it's slow when
// making many changes, postpone until redrawing.
diff_need_scrollbind = TRUE;
}
}
/*
* Allocate a new diff block and link it between "dprev" and "dp".
*/
static diff_T *
diff_alloc_new(tabpage_T *tp, diff_T *dprev, diff_T *dp)
{
diff_T *dnew;
dnew = ALLOC_ONE(diff_T);
if (dnew != NULL)
{
dnew->df_next = dp;
if (dprev == NULL)
tp->tp_first_diff = dnew;
else
dprev->df_next = dnew;
}
return dnew;
}
/*
* Check if the diff block "dp" can be made smaller for lines at the start and
* end that are equal. Called after inserting lines.
* This may result in a change where all buffers have zero lines, the caller
* must take care of removing it.
*/
static void
diff_check_unchanged(tabpage_T *tp, diff_T *dp)
{
int i_org;
int i_new;
int off_org, off_new;
char_u *line_org;
int dir = FORWARD;
// Find the first buffers, use it as the original, compare the other
// buffer lines against this one.
for (i_org = 0; i_org < DB_COUNT; ++i_org)
if (tp->tp_diffbuf[i_org] != NULL)
break;
if (i_org == DB_COUNT) // safety check
return;
if (diff_check_sanity(tp, dp) == FAIL)
return;
// First check lines at the top, then at the bottom.
off_org = 0;
off_new = 0;
for (;;)
{
// Repeat until a line is found which is different or the number of
// lines has become zero.
while (dp->df_count[i_org] > 0)
{
// Copy the line, the next ml_get() will invalidate it.
if (dir == BACKWARD)
off_org = dp->df_count[i_org] - 1;
line_org = vim_strsave(ml_get_buf(tp->tp_diffbuf[i_org],
dp->df_lnum[i_org] + off_org, FALSE));
if (line_org == NULL)
return;
for (i_new = i_org + 1; i_new < DB_COUNT; ++i_new)
{
if (tp->tp_diffbuf[i_new] == NULL)
continue;
if (dir == BACKWARD)
off_new = dp->df_count[i_new] - 1;
// if other buffer doesn't have this line, it was inserted
if (off_new < 0 || off_new >= dp->df_count[i_new])
break;
if (diff_cmp(line_org, ml_get_buf(tp->tp_diffbuf[i_new],
dp->df_lnum[i_new] + off_new, FALSE)) != 0)
break;
}
vim_free(line_org);
// Stop when a line isn't equal in all diff buffers.
if (i_new != DB_COUNT)
break;
// Line matched in all buffers, remove it from the diff.
for (i_new = i_org; i_new < DB_COUNT; ++i_new)
if (tp->tp_diffbuf[i_new] != NULL)
{
if (dir == FORWARD)
++dp->df_lnum[i_new];
--dp->df_count[i_new];
}
}
if (dir == BACKWARD)
break;
dir = BACKWARD;
}
}
/*
* Check if a diff block doesn't contain invalid line numbers.
* This can happen when the diff program returns invalid results.
*/
static int
diff_check_sanity(tabpage_T *tp, diff_T *dp)
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < DB_COUNT; ++i)
if (tp->tp_diffbuf[i] != NULL)
if (dp->df_lnum[i] + dp->df_count[i] - 1
> tp->tp_diffbuf[i]->b_ml.ml_line_count)
return FAIL;
return OK;
}
/*
* Mark all diff buffers in the current tab page for redraw.
*/
void
diff_redraw(
int dofold) // also recompute the folds
{
win_T *wp;
int n;
need_diff_redraw = FALSE;
FOR_ALL_WINDOWS(wp)
if (wp->w_p_diff)
{
redraw_win_later(wp, SOME_VALID);
#ifdef FEAT_FOLDING
if (dofold && foldmethodIsDiff(wp))
foldUpdateAll(wp);
#endif
// A change may have made filler lines invalid, need to take care
// of that for other windows.
n = diff_check(wp, wp->w_topline);
if ((wp != curwin && wp->w_topfill > 0) || n > 0)
{
if (wp->w_topfill > n)
wp->w_topfill = (n < 0 ? 0 : n);
else if (n > 0 && n > wp->w_topfill)
wp->w_topfill = n;
check_topfill(wp, FALSE);
}
}
}
static void
clear_diffin(diffin_T *din)
{
if (din->din_fname == NULL)
{
vim_free(din->din_mmfile.ptr);
din->din_mmfile.ptr = NULL;
}
else
mch_remove(din->din_fname);
}
static void
clear_diffout(diffout_T *dout)
{
if (dout->dout_fname == NULL)
ga_clear_strings(&dout->dout_ga);
else
mch_remove(dout->dout_fname);
}
/*
* Write buffer "buf" to a memory buffer.
* Return FAIL for failure.
*/
static int
diff_write_buffer(buf_T *buf, diffin_T *din)
{
linenr_T lnum;
char_u *s;
long len = 0;
char_u *ptr;
// xdiff requires one big block of memory with all the text.
for (lnum = 1; lnum <= buf->b_ml.ml_line_count; ++lnum)
len += (long)STRLEN(ml_get_buf(buf, lnum, FALSE)) + 1;
ptr = alloc(len);
if (ptr == NULL)
{
// Allocating memory failed. This can happen, because we try to read
// the whole buffer text into memory. Set the failed flag, the diff
// will be retried with external diff. The flag is never reset.
buf->b_diff_failed = TRUE;
if (p_verbose > 0)
{
verbose_enter();
smsg(_("Not enough memory to use internal diff for buffer \"%s\""),
buf->b_fname);
verbose_leave();
}
return FAIL;
}
din->din_mmfile.ptr = (char *)ptr;
din->din_mmfile.size = len;
len = 0;
for (lnum = 1; lnum <= buf->b_ml.ml_line_count; ++lnum)
{
for (s = ml_get_buf(buf, lnum, FALSE); *s != NUL; )
{
if (diff_flags & DIFF_ICASE)
{
int c;
int orig_len;
char_u cbuf[MB_MAXBYTES + 1];
// xdiff doesn't support ignoring case, fold-case the text.
c = PTR2CHAR(s);
c = enc_utf8 ? utf_fold(c) : MB_TOLOWER(c);
orig_len = mb_ptr2len(s);
if (mb_char2bytes(c, cbuf) != orig_len)
// TODO: handle byte length difference
mch_memmove(ptr + len, s, orig_len);
else
mch_memmove(ptr + len, cbuf, orig_len);
s += orig_len;
len += orig_len;
}
else
ptr[len++] = *s++;
}
ptr[len++] = NL;
}
return OK;
}
/*
* Write buffer "buf" to file or memory buffer.
* Return FAIL for failure.
*/
static int
diff_write(buf_T *buf, diffin_T *din)
{
int r;
char_u *save_ff;
int save_lockmarks;
if (din->din_fname == NULL)
return diff_write_buffer(buf, din);
// Always use 'fileformat' set to "unix".
save_ff = buf->b_p_ff;
buf->b_p_ff = vim_strsave((char_u *)FF_UNIX);
save_lockmarks = cmdmod.lockmarks;
// Writing the buffer is an implementation detail of performing the diff,
// so it shouldn't update the '[ and '] marks.
cmdmod.lockmarks = TRUE;
r = buf_write(buf, din->din_fname, NULL,
(linenr_T)1, buf->b_ml.ml_line_count,
NULL, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, TRUE);
cmdmod.lockmarks = save_lockmarks;
free_string_option(buf->b_p_ff);
buf->b_p_ff = save_ff;
return r;
}
/*
* Update the diffs for all buffers involved.
*/
static void
diff_try_update(
diffio_T *dio,
int idx_orig,
exarg_T *eap) // "eap" can be NULL
{
buf_T *buf;
int idx_new;
if (dio->dio_internal)
{
ga_init2(&dio->dio_diff.dout_ga, sizeof(char *), 1000);
}
else
{
// We need three temp file names.
dio->dio_orig.din_fname = vim_tempname('o', TRUE);
dio->dio_new.din_fname = vim_tempname('n', TRUE);
dio->dio_diff.dout_fname = vim_tempname('d', TRUE);
if (dio->dio_orig.din_fname == NULL
|| dio->dio_new.din_fname == NULL
|| dio->dio_diff.dout_fname == NULL)
goto theend;
}
// Check external diff is actually working.
if (!dio->dio_internal && check_external_diff(dio) == FAIL)
goto theend;
// :diffupdate!
if (eap != NULL && eap->forceit)
for (idx_new = idx_orig; idx_new < DB_COUNT; ++idx_new)
{
buf = curtab->tp_diffbuf[idx_new];
if (buf_valid(buf))
buf_check_timestamp(buf, FALSE);
}
// Write the first buffer to a tempfile or mmfile_t.
buf = curtab->tp_diffbuf[idx_orig];
if (diff_write(buf, &dio->dio_orig) == FAIL)
goto theend;
// Make a difference between the first buffer and every other.
for (idx_new = idx_orig + 1; idx_new < DB_COUNT; ++idx_new)
{
buf = curtab->tp_diffbuf[idx_new];
if (buf == NULL || buf->b_ml.ml_mfp == NULL)
continue; // skip buffer that isn't loaded
// Write the other buffer and diff with the first one.
if (diff_write(buf, &dio->dio_new) == FAIL)
continue;
if (diff_file(dio) == FAIL)
continue;
// Read the diff output and add each entry to the diff list.
diff_read(idx_orig, idx_new, &dio->dio_diff);
clear_diffin(&dio->dio_new);
clear_diffout(&dio->dio_diff);
}
clear_diffin(&dio->dio_orig);
theend:
vim_free(dio->dio_orig.din_fname);
vim_free(dio->dio_new.din_fname);
vim_free(dio->dio_diff.dout_fname);
}
/*
* Return TRUE if the options are set to use the internal diff library.
* Note that if the internal diff failed for one of the buffers, the external
* diff will be used anyway.
*/
int
diff_internal(void)
{
return (diff_flags & DIFF_INTERNAL) != 0
#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
&& *p_dex == NUL
#endif
;
}
/*
* Return TRUE if the internal diff failed for one of the diff buffers.
*/
static int
diff_internal_failed(void)
{
int idx;
// Only need to do something when there is another buffer.
for (idx = 0; idx < DB_COUNT; ++idx)
if (curtab->tp_diffbuf[idx] != NULL
&& curtab->tp_diffbuf[idx]->b_diff_failed)
return TRUE;
return FALSE;
}
/*
* Completely update the diffs for the buffers involved.
* When using the external "diff" command the buffers are written to a file,
* also for unmodified buffers (the file could have been produced by
* autocommands, e.g. the netrw plugin).
*/
void
ex_diffupdate(exarg_T *eap) // "eap" can be NULL
{
int idx_orig;
int idx_new;
diffio_T diffio;
int had_diffs = curtab->tp_first_diff != NULL;
if (diff_busy)
{
diff_need_update = TRUE;
return;
}
// Delete all diffblocks.
diff_clear(curtab);
curtab->tp_diff_invalid = FALSE;
// Use the first buffer as the original text.
for (idx_orig = 0; idx_orig < DB_COUNT; ++idx_orig)
if (curtab->tp_diffbuf[idx_orig] != NULL)
break;
if (idx_orig == DB_COUNT)
goto theend;
// Only need to do something when there is another buffer.
for (idx_new = idx_orig + 1; idx_new < DB_COUNT; ++idx_new)
if (curtab->tp_diffbuf[idx_new] != NULL)
break;
if (idx_new == DB_COUNT)
goto theend;
// Only use the internal method if it did not fail for one of the buffers.
vim_memset(&diffio, 0, sizeof(diffio));
diffio.dio_internal = diff_internal() && !diff_internal_failed();
diff_try_update(&diffio, idx_orig, eap);
if (diffio.dio_internal && diff_internal_failed())
{
// Internal diff failed, use external diff instead.
vim_memset(&diffio, 0, sizeof(diffio));
diff_try_update(&diffio, idx_orig, eap);
}
// force updating cursor position on screen
curwin->w_valid_cursor.lnum = 0;
theend:
// A redraw is needed if there were diffs and they were cleared, or there
// are diffs now, which means they got updated.
if (had_diffs || curtab->tp_first_diff != NULL)
{
diff_redraw(TRUE);
apply_autocmds(EVENT_DIFFUPDATED, NULL, NULL, FALSE, curbuf);
}
}
/*
* Do a quick test if "diff" really works. Otherwise it looks like there
* are no differences. Can't use the return value, it's non-zero when
* there are differences.
*/
static int
check_external_diff(diffio_T *diffio)
{
FILE *fd;
int ok;
int io_error = FALSE;
// May try twice, first with "-a" and then without.
for (;;)
{
ok = FALSE;
fd = mch_fopen((char *)diffio->dio_orig.din_fname, "w");
if (fd == NULL)
io_error = TRUE;
else
{
if (fwrite("line1\n", (size_t)6, (size_t)1, fd) != 1)
io_error = TRUE;
fclose(fd);
fd = mch_fopen((char *)diffio->dio_new.din_fname, "w");
if (fd == NULL)
io_error = TRUE;
else
{
if (fwrite("line2\n", (size_t)6, (size_t)1, fd) != 1)
io_error = TRUE;
fclose(fd);
fd = NULL;
if (diff_file(diffio) == OK)
fd = mch_fopen((char *)diffio->dio_diff.dout_fname, "r");
if (fd == NULL)
io_error = TRUE;
else
{
char_u linebuf[LBUFLEN];
for (;;)
{
// There must be a line that contains "1c1".
if (vim_fgets(linebuf, LBUFLEN, fd))
break;
if (STRNCMP(linebuf, "1c1", 3) == 0)
ok = TRUE;
}
fclose(fd);
}
mch_remove(diffio->dio_diff.dout_fname);
mch_remove(diffio->dio_new.din_fname);
}
mch_remove(diffio->dio_orig.din_fname);
}
#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
// When using 'diffexpr' break here.
if (*p_dex != NUL)
break;
#endif
#if defined(MSWIN)
// If the "-a" argument works, also check if "--binary" works.
if (ok && diff_a_works == MAYBE && diff_bin_works == MAYBE)
{
diff_a_works = TRUE;
diff_bin_works = TRUE;
continue;
}
if (!ok && diff_a_works == TRUE && diff_bin_works == TRUE)
{
// Tried --binary, but it failed. "-a" works though.
diff_bin_works = FALSE;
ok = TRUE;
}
#endif
// If we checked if "-a" works already, break here.
if (diff_a_works != MAYBE)
break;
diff_a_works = ok;
// If "-a" works break here, otherwise retry without "-a".
if (ok)
break;
}
if (!ok)
{
if (io_error)
emsg(_("E810: Cannot read or write temp files"));
emsg(_("E97: Cannot create diffs"));
diff_a_works = MAYBE;
#if defined(MSWIN)
diff_bin_works = MAYBE;
#endif
return FAIL;
}
return OK;
}
/*
* Invoke the xdiff function.
*/
static int
diff_file_internal(diffio_T *diffio)
{
xpparam_t param;
xdemitconf_t emit_cfg;
xdemitcb_t emit_cb;
vim_memset(¶m, 0, sizeof(param));
vim_memset(&emit_cfg, 0, sizeof(emit_cfg));
vim_memset(&emit_cb, 0, sizeof(emit_cb));
param.flags = diff_algorithm;
if (diff_flags & DIFF_IWHITE)
param.flags |= XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE_CHANGE;
if (diff_flags & DIFF_IWHITEALL)
param.flags |= XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE;
if (diff_flags & DIFF_IWHITEEOL)
param.flags |= XDF_IGNORE_WHITESPACE_AT_EOL;
if (diff_flags & DIFF_IBLANK)
param.flags |= XDF_IGNORE_BLANK_LINES;
emit_cfg.ctxlen = 0; // don't need any diff_context here
emit_cb.priv = &diffio->dio_diff;
emit_cb.outf = xdiff_out;
if (xdl_diff(&diffio->dio_orig.din_mmfile,
&diffio->dio_new.din_mmfile,
¶m, &emit_cfg, &emit_cb) < 0)
{
emsg(_("E960: Problem creating the internal diff"));
return FAIL;
}
return OK;
}
/*
* Make a diff between files "tmp_orig" and "tmp_new", results in "tmp_diff".
* return OK or FAIL;
*/
static int
diff_file(diffio_T *dio)
{
char_u *cmd;
size_t len;
char_u *tmp_orig = dio->dio_orig.din_fname;
char_u *tmp_new = dio->dio_new.din_fname;
char_u *tmp_diff = dio->dio_diff.dout_fname;
#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
if (*p_dex != NUL)
{
// Use 'diffexpr' to generate the diff file.
eval_diff(tmp_orig, tmp_new, tmp_diff);
return OK;
}
else
#endif
// Use xdiff for generating the diff.
if (dio->dio_internal)
{
return diff_file_internal(dio);
}
else
{
len = STRLEN(tmp_orig) + STRLEN(tmp_new)
+ STRLEN(tmp_diff) + STRLEN(p_srr) + 27;
cmd = alloc(len);
if (cmd == NULL)
return FAIL;
// We don't want $DIFF_OPTIONS to get in the way.
if (getenv("DIFF_OPTIONS"))
vim_setenv((char_u *)"DIFF_OPTIONS", (char_u *)"");
// Build the diff command and execute it. Always use -a, binary
// differences are of no use. Ignore errors, diff returns
// non-zero when differences have been found.
vim_snprintf((char *)cmd, len, "diff %s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s %s",
diff_a_works == FALSE ? "" : "-a ",
#if defined(MSWIN)
diff_bin_works == TRUE ? "--binary " : "",
#else
"",
#endif
(diff_flags & DIFF_IWHITE) ? "-b " : "",
(diff_flags & DIFF_IWHITEALL) ? "-w " : "",
(diff_flags & DIFF_IWHITEEOL) ? "-Z " : "",
(diff_flags & DIFF_IBLANK) ? "-B " : "",
(diff_flags & DIFF_ICASE) ? "-i " : "",
tmp_orig, tmp_new);
append_redir(cmd, (int)len, p_srr, tmp_diff);
block_autocmds(); // avoid ShellCmdPost stuff
(void)call_shell(cmd, SHELL_FILTER|SHELL_SILENT|SHELL_DOOUT);
unblock_autocmds();
vim_free(cmd);
return OK;
}
}
/*
* Create a new version of a file from the current buffer and a diff file.
* The buffer is written to a file, also for unmodified buffers (the file
* could have been produced by autocommands, e.g. the netrw plugin).
*/
void
ex_diffpatch(exarg_T *eap)
{
char_u *tmp_orig; // name of original temp file
char_u *tmp_new; // name of patched temp file
char_u *buf = NULL;
size_t buflen;
win_T *old_curwin = curwin;
char_u *newname = NULL; // name of patched file buffer
#ifdef UNIX
char_u dirbuf[MAXPATHL];
char_u *fullname = NULL;
#endif
#ifdef FEAT_BROWSE
char_u *browseFile = NULL;
int browse_flag = cmdmod.browse;
#endif
stat_T st;
char_u *esc_name = NULL;
#ifdef FEAT_BROWSE
if (cmdmod.browse)
{
browseFile = do_browse(0, (char_u *)_("Patch file"),
eap->arg, NULL, NULL,
(char_u *)_(BROWSE_FILTER_ALL_FILES), NULL);
if (browseFile == NULL)
return; // operation cancelled
eap->arg = browseFile;
cmdmod.browse = FALSE; // don't let do_ecmd() browse again
}
#endif
// We need two temp file names.
tmp_orig = vim_tempname('o', FALSE);
tmp_new = vim_tempname('n', FALSE);
if (tmp_orig == NULL || tmp_new == NULL)
goto theend;
// Write the current buffer to "tmp_orig".
if (buf_write(curbuf, tmp_orig, NULL,
(linenr_T)1, curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count,
NULL, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, TRUE) == FAIL)
goto theend;
#ifdef UNIX
// Get the absolute path of the patchfile, changing directory below.
fullname = FullName_save(eap->arg, FALSE);
#endif
esc_name = vim_strsave_shellescape(
# ifdef UNIX
fullname != NULL ? fullname :
# endif
eap->arg, TRUE, TRUE);
if (esc_name == NULL)
goto theend;
buflen = STRLEN(tmp_orig) + STRLEN(esc_name) + STRLEN(tmp_new) + 16;
buf = alloc(buflen);
if (buf == NULL)
goto theend;
#ifdef UNIX
// Temporarily chdir to /tmp, to avoid patching files in the current
// directory when the patch file contains more than one patch. When we
// have our own temp dir use that instead, it will be cleaned up when we
// exit (any .rej files created). Don't change directory if we can't
// return to the current.
if (mch_dirname(dirbuf, MAXPATHL) != OK || mch_chdir((char *)dirbuf) != 0)
dirbuf[0] = NUL;
else
{
# ifdef TEMPDIRNAMES
if (vim_tempdir != NULL)
vim_ignored = mch_chdir((char *)vim_tempdir);
else
# endif
vim_ignored = mch_chdir("/tmp");
shorten_fnames(TRUE);
}
#endif
#ifdef FEAT_EVAL
if (*p_pex != NUL)
// Use 'patchexpr' to generate the new file.
eval_patch(tmp_orig,
# ifdef UNIX
fullname != NULL ? fullname :
# endif
eap->arg, tmp_new);
else
#endif
{
// Build the patch command and execute it. Ignore errors. Switch to
// cooked mode to allow the user to respond to prompts.
vim_snprintf((char *)buf, buflen, "patch -o %s %s < %s",
tmp_new, tmp_orig, esc_name);
block_autocmds(); // Avoid ShellCmdPost stuff
(void)call_shell(buf, SHELL_FILTER | SHELL_COOKED);
unblock_autocmds();
}
#ifdef UNIX
if (dirbuf[0] != NUL)
{
if (mch_chdir((char *)dirbuf) != 0)
emsg(_(e_prev_dir));
shorten_fnames(TRUE);
}
#endif
// patch probably has written over the screen
redraw_later(CLEAR);
// Delete any .orig or .rej file created.
STRCPY(buf, tmp_new);
STRCAT(buf, ".orig");
mch_remove(buf);
STRCPY(buf, tmp_new);
STRCAT(buf, ".rej");
mch_remove(buf);
// Only continue if the output file was created.
if (mch_stat((char *)tmp_new, &st) < 0 || st.st_size == 0)
emsg(_("E816: Cannot read patch output"));
else
{
if (curbuf->b_fname != NULL)
{
newname = vim_strnsave(curbuf->b_fname,
(int)(STRLEN(curbuf->b_fname) + 4));
if (newname != NULL)
STRCAT(newname, ".new");
}
#ifdef FEAT_GUI
need_mouse_correct = TRUE;
#endif
// don't use a new tab page, each tab page has its own diffs
cmdmod.tab = 0;
if (win_split(0, (diff_flags & DIFF_VERTICAL) ? WSP_VERT : 0) != FAIL)
{
// Pretend it was a ":split fname" command
eap->cmdidx = CMD_split;
eap->arg = tmp_new;
do_exedit(eap, old_curwin);
// check that split worked and editing tmp_new
if (curwin != old_curwin && win_valid(old_curwin))
{
// Set 'diff', 'scrollbind' on and 'wrap' off.
diff_win_options(curwin, TRUE);
diff_win_options(old_curwin, TRUE);
if (newname != NULL)
{
// do a ":file filename.new" on the patched buffer
eap->arg = newname;
ex_file(eap);
// Do filetype detection with the new name.
if (au_has_group((char_u *)"filetypedetect"))
do_cmdline_cmd((char_u *)":doau filetypedetect BufRead");
}
}
}
}
theend:
if (tmp_orig != NULL)
mch_remove(tmp_orig);
vim_free(tmp_orig);
if (tmp_new != NULL)
mch_remove(tmp_new);
vim_free(tmp_new);
vim_free(newname);
vim_free(buf);
#ifdef UNIX
vim_free(fullname);
#endif
vim_free(esc_name);
#ifdef FEAT_BROWSE
vim_free(browseFile);
cmdmod.browse = browse_flag;
#endif
}
/*
* Split the window and edit another file, setting options to show the diffs.
*/
void
ex_diffsplit(exarg_T *eap)
{
win_T *old_curwin = curwin;
bufref_T old_curbuf;
set_bufref(&old_curbuf, curbuf);
#ifdef FEAT_GUI
need_mouse_correct = TRUE;
#endif
// Need to compute w_fraction when no redraw happened yet.
validate_cursor();
set_fraction(curwin);
// don't use a new tab page, each tab page has its own diffs
cmdmod.tab = 0;
if (win_split(0, (diff_flags & DIFF_VERTICAL) ? WSP_VERT : 0) != FAIL)
{
// Pretend it was a ":split fname" command
eap->cmdidx = CMD_split;
curwin->w_p_diff = TRUE;
do_exedit(eap, old_curwin);
if (curwin != old_curwin) // split must have worked
{
// Set 'diff', 'scrollbind' on and 'wrap' off.
diff_win_options(curwin, TRUE);
if (win_valid(old_curwin))
{
diff_win_options(old_curwin, TRUE);
if (bufref_valid(&old_curbuf))
// Move the cursor position to that of the old window.
curwin->w_cursor.lnum = diff_get_corresponding_line(
old_curbuf.br_buf, old_curwin->w_cursor.lnum);
}
// Now that lines are folded scroll to show the cursor at the same
// relative position.
scroll_to_fraction(curwin, curwin->w_height);
}
}
}
/*
* Set options to show diffs for the current window.
*/
void
ex_diffthis(exarg_T *eap UNUSED)
{
// Set 'diff', 'scrollbind' on and 'wrap' off.
diff_win_options(curwin, TRUE);
}
static void
set_diff_option(win_T *wp, int value)
{
win_T *old_curwin = curwin;
curwin = wp;
curbuf = curwin->w_buffer;
++curbuf_lock;
set_option_value((char_u *)"diff", (long)value, NULL, OPT_LOCAL);
--curbuf_lock;
curwin = old_curwin;
curbuf = curwin->w_buffer;
}
/*
* Set options in window "wp" for diff mode.
*/
void
diff_win_options(
win_T *wp,
int addbuf) // Add buffer to diff.
{
# ifdef FEAT_FOLDING
win_T *old_curwin = curwin;
// close the manually opened folds
curwin = wp;
newFoldLevel();
curwin = old_curwin;
# endif
// Use 'scrollbind' and 'cursorbind' when available
if (!wp->w_p_diff)
wp->w_p_scb_save = wp->w_p_scb;
wp->w_p_scb = TRUE;
if (!wp->w_p_diff)
wp->w_p_crb_save = wp->w_p_crb;
wp->w_p_crb = TRUE;
if (!wp->w_p_diff)
wp->w_p_wrap_save = wp->w_p_wrap;
wp->w_p_wrap = FALSE;
# ifdef FEAT_FOLDING
if (!wp->w_p_diff)
{
if (wp->w_p_diff_saved)
free_string_option(wp->w_p_fdm_save);
wp->w_p_fdm_save = vim_strsave(wp->w_p_fdm);
}
set_string_option_direct_in_win(wp, (char_u *)"fdm", -1, (char_u *)"diff",
OPT_LOCAL|OPT_FREE, 0);
if (!wp->w_p_diff)
{
wp->w_p_fdc_save = wp->w_p_fdc;
wp->w_p_fen_save = wp->w_p_fen;
wp->w_p_fdl_save = wp->w_p_fdl;
}
wp->w_p_fdc = diff_foldcolumn;
wp->w_p_fen = TRUE;
wp->w_p_fdl = 0;
foldUpdateAll(wp);
// make sure topline is not halfway a fold
changed_window_setting_win(wp);
# endif
if (vim_strchr(p_sbo, 'h') == NULL)
do_cmdline_cmd((char_u *)"set sbo+=hor");
// Save the current values, to be restored in ex_diffoff().
wp->w_p_diff_saved = TRUE;
set_diff_option(wp, TRUE);
if (addbuf)
diff_buf_add(wp->w_buffer);
redraw_win_later(wp, NOT_VALID);
}
/*
* Set options not to show diffs. For the current window or all windows.
* Only in the current tab page.
*/
void
ex_diffoff(exarg_T *eap)
{
win_T *wp;
int diffwin = FALSE;
FOR_ALL_WINDOWS(wp)
{
if (eap->forceit ? wp->w_p_diff : wp == curwin)
{
// Set 'diff' off. If option values were saved in
// diff_win_options(), restore the ones whose settings seem to have
// been left over from diff mode.
set_diff_option(wp, FALSE);
if (wp->w_p_diff_saved)
{
if (wp->w_p_scb)
wp->w_p_scb = wp->w_p_scb_save;
if (wp->w_p_crb)
wp->w_p_crb = wp->w_p_crb_save;
if (!wp->w_p_wrap)
wp->w_p_wrap = wp->w_p_wrap_save;
#ifdef FEAT_FOLDING
free_string_option(wp->w_p_fdm);
wp->w_p_fdm = vim_strsave(
*wp->w_p_fdm_save ? wp->w_p_fdm_save : (char_u*)"manual");
if (wp->w_p_fdc == diff_foldcolumn)
wp->w_p_fdc = wp->w_p_fdc_save;
if (wp->w_p_fdl == 0)
wp->w_p_fdl = wp->w_p_fdl_save;
// Only restore 'foldenable' when 'foldmethod' is not
// "manual", otherwise we continue to show the diff folds.
if (wp->w_p_fen)
wp->w_p_fen = foldmethodIsManual(wp) ? FALSE
: wp->w_p_fen_save;
foldUpdateAll(wp);
#endif
}
// remove filler lines
wp->w_topfill = 0;
// make sure topline is not halfway a fold and cursor is
// invalidated
changed_window_setting_win(wp);
// Note: 'sbo' is not restored, it's a global option.
diff_buf_adjust(wp);
}
diffwin |= wp->w_p_diff;
}
// Also remove hidden buffers from the list.
if (eap->forceit)
diff_buf_clear();
if (!diffwin)
{
diff_need_update = FALSE;
curtab->tp_diff_invalid = FALSE;
curtab->tp_diff_update = FALSE;
diff_clear(curtab);
}
// Remove "hor" from from 'scrollopt' if there are no diff windows left.
if (!diffwin && vim_strchr(p_sbo, 'h') != NULL)
do_cmdline_cmd((char_u *)"set sbo-=hor");
}
/*
* Read the diff output and add each entry to the diff list.
*/
static void
diff_read(
int idx_orig, // idx of original file
int idx_new, // idx of new file
diffout_T *dout) // diff output
{
FILE *fd = NULL;
int line_idx = 0;
diff_T *dprev = NULL;
diff_T *dp = curtab->tp_first_diff;
diff_T *dn, *dpl;
char_u linebuf[LBUFLEN]; // only need to hold the diff line
char_u *line;
long off;
int i;
linenr_T lnum_orig, lnum_new;
long count_orig, count_new;
int notset = TRUE; // block "*dp" not set yet
enum {
DIFF_ED,
DIFF_UNIFIED,
DIFF_NONE
} diffstyle = DIFF_NONE;
if (dout->dout_fname == NULL)
{
diffstyle = DIFF_UNIFIED;
}
else
{
fd = mch_fopen((char *)dout->dout_fname, "r");
if (fd == NULL)
{
emsg(_("E98: Cannot read diff output"));
return;
}
}
for (;;)
{
if (fd == NULL)
{
if (line_idx >= dout->dout_ga.ga_len)
break; // did last line
line = ((char_u **)dout->dout_ga.ga_data)[line_idx++];
}
else
{
if (vim_fgets(linebuf, LBUFLEN, fd))
break; // end of file
line = linebuf;
}
if (diffstyle == DIFF_NONE)
{
// Determine diff style.
// ed like diff looks like this:
// {first}[,{last}]c{first}[,{last}]
// {first}a{first}[,{last}]
// {first}[,{last}]d{first}
//
// unified diff looks like this:
// --- file1 2018-03-20 13:23:35.783153140 +0100
// +++ file2 2018-03-20 13:23:41.183156066 +0100
// @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
if (isdigit(*line))
diffstyle = DIFF_ED;
else if ((STRNCMP(line, "@@ ", 3) == 0))
diffstyle = DIFF_UNIFIED;
else if ((STRNCMP(line, "--- ", 4) == 0)
&& (vim_fgets(linebuf, LBUFLEN, fd) == 0)
&& (STRNCMP(line, "+++ ", 4) == 0)
&& (vim_fgets(linebuf, LBUFLEN, fd) == 0)
&& (STRNCMP(line, "@@ ", 3) == 0))
diffstyle = DIFF_UNIFIED;
else
// Format not recognized yet, skip over this line. Cygwin diff
// may put a warning at the start of the file.
continue;
}
if (diffstyle == DIFF_ED)
{
if (!isdigit(*line))
continue; // not the start of a diff block
if (parse_diff_ed(line, &lnum_orig, &count_orig,
&lnum_new, &count_new) == FAIL)
continue;
}
else if (diffstyle == DIFF_UNIFIED)
{
if (STRNCMP(line, "@@ ", 3) != 0)
continue; // not the start of a diff block
if (parse_diff_unified(line, &lnum_orig, &count_orig,
&lnum_new, &count_new) == FAIL)
continue;
}
else
{
emsg(_("E959: Invalid diff format."));
break;
}
// Go over blocks before the change, for which orig and new are equal.
// Copy blocks from orig to new.
while (dp != NULL
&& lnum_orig > dp->df_lnum[idx_orig] + dp->df_count[idx_orig])
{
if (notset)
diff_copy_entry(dprev, dp, idx_orig, idx_new);
dprev = dp;
dp = dp->df_next;
notset = TRUE;
}
if (dp != NULL
&& lnum_orig <= dp->df_lnum[idx_orig] + dp->df_count[idx_orig]
&& lnum_orig + count_orig >= dp->df_lnum[idx_orig])
{
// New block overlaps with existing block(s).
// First find last block that overlaps.
for (dpl = dp; dpl->df_next != NULL; dpl = dpl->df_next)
if (lnum_orig + count_orig < dpl->df_next->df_lnum[idx_orig])
break;
// If the newly found block starts before the old one, set the
// start back a number of lines.
off = dp->df_lnum[idx_orig] - lnum_orig;
if (off > 0)
{
for (i = idx_orig; i < idx_new; ++i)
if (curtab->tp_diffbuf[i] != NULL)
dp->df_lnum[i] -= off;
dp->df_lnum[idx_new] = lnum_new;
dp->df_count[idx_new] = count_new;
}
else if (notset)
{
// new block inside existing one, adjust new block
dp->df_lnum[idx_new] = lnum_new + off;
dp->df_count[idx_new] = count_new - off;
}
else
// second overlap of new block with existing block
dp->df_count[idx_new] += count_new - count_orig
+ dpl->df_lnum[idx_orig] + dpl->df_count[idx_orig]
- (dp->df_lnum[idx_orig] + dp->df_count[idx_orig]);
// Adjust the size of the block to include all the lines to the
// end of the existing block or the new diff, whatever ends last.
off = (lnum_orig + count_orig)
- (dpl->df_lnum[idx_orig] + dpl->df_count[idx_orig]);
if (off < 0)
{
// new change ends in existing block, adjust the end if not
// done already
if (notset)
dp->df_count[idx_new] += -off;
off = 0;
}
for (i = idx_orig; i < idx_new; ++i)
if (curtab->tp_diffbuf[i] != NULL)
dp->df_count[i] = dpl->df_lnum[i] + dpl->df_count[i]
- dp->df_lnum[i] + off;
// Delete the diff blocks that have been merged into one.
dn = dp->df_next;
dp->df_next = dpl->df_next;
while (dn != dp->df_next)
{
dpl = dn->df_next;
vim_free(dn);
dn = dpl;
}
}
else
{
// Allocate a new diffblock.
dp = diff_alloc_new(curtab, dprev, dp);
if (dp == NULL)
goto done;
dp->df_lnum[idx_orig] = lnum_orig;
dp->df_count[idx_orig] = count_orig;
dp->df_lnum[idx_new] = lnum_new;
dp->df_count[idx_new] = count_new;
// Set values for other buffers, these must be equal to the
// original buffer, otherwise there would have been a change
// already.
for (i = idx_orig + 1; i < idx_new; ++i)
if (curtab->tp_diffbuf[i] != NULL)
diff_copy_entry(dprev, dp, idx_orig, i);
}
notset = FALSE; // "*dp" has been set
}
// for remaining diff blocks orig and new are equal
while (dp != NULL)
{
if (notset)
diff_copy_entry(dprev, dp, idx_orig, idx_new);
dprev = dp;
dp = dp->df_next;
notset = TRUE;
}
done:
if (fd != NULL)
fclose(fd);
}
/*
* Copy an entry at "dp" from "idx_orig" to "idx_new".
*/
static void
diff_copy_entry(
diff_T *dprev,
diff_T *dp,
int idx_orig,
int idx_new)
{
long off;
if (dprev == NULL)
off = 0;
else
off = (dprev->df_lnum[idx_orig] + dprev->df_count[idx_orig])
- (dprev->df_lnum[idx_new] + dprev->df_count[idx_new]);
dp->df_lnum[idx_new] = dp->df_lnum[idx_orig] - off;
dp->df_count[idx_new] = dp->df_count[idx_orig];
}
/*
* Clear the list of diffblocks for tab page "tp".
*/
void
diff_clear(tabpage_T *tp)
{
diff_T *p, *next_p;
for (p = tp->tp_first_diff; p != NULL; p = next_p)
{
next_p = p->df_next;
vim_free(p);
}
tp->tp_first_diff = NULL;
}
/*
* Check diff status for line "lnum" in buffer "buf":
* Returns 0 for nothing special
* Returns -1 for a line that should be highlighted as changed.
* Returns -2 for a line that should be highlighted as added/deleted.
* Returns > 0 for inserting that many filler lines above it (never happens
* when 'diffopt' doesn't contain "filler").
* This should only be used for windows where 'diff' is set.
*/
int
diff_check(win_T *wp, linenr_T lnum)
{
int idx; // index in tp_diffbuf[] for this buffer
diff_T *dp;
int maxcount;
int i;
buf_T *buf = wp->w_buffer;
int cmp;
if (curtab->tp_diff_invalid)
ex_diffupdate(NULL); // update after a big change
if (curtab->tp_first_diff == NULL || !wp->w_p_diff) // no diffs at all
return 0;
// safety check: "lnum" must be a buffer line
if (lnum < 1 || lnum > buf->b_ml.ml_line_count + 1)
return 0;
idx = diff_buf_idx(buf);
if (idx == DB_COUNT)
return 0; // no diffs for buffer "buf"
#ifdef FEAT_FOLDING
// A closed fold never has filler lines.
if (hasFoldingWin(wp, lnum, NULL, NULL, TRUE, NULL))
return 0;
#endif
// search for a change that includes "lnum" in the list of diffblocks.
for (dp = curtab->tp_first_diff; dp != NULL; dp = dp->df_next)
if (lnum <= dp->df_lnum[idx] + dp->df_count[idx])
break;
if (dp == NULL || lnum < dp->df_lnum[idx])
return 0;
if (lnum < dp->df_lnum[idx] + dp->df_count[idx])
{
int zero = FALSE;
// Changed or inserted line. If the other buffers have a count of
// zero, the lines were inserted. If the other buffers have the same
// count, check if the lines are identical.
cmp = FALSE;
for (i = 0; i < DB_COUNT; ++i)
if (i != idx && curtab->tp_diffbuf[i] != NULL)
{
if (dp->df_count[i] == 0)
zero = TRUE;
else
{
if (dp->df_count[i] != dp->df_count[idx])
return -1; // nr of lines changed.
cmp = TRUE;
}
}
if (cmp)
{
// Compare all lines. If they are equal the lines were inserted
// in some buffers, deleted in others, but not changed.
for (i = 0; i < DB_COUNT; ++i)
if (i != idx && curtab->tp_diffbuf[i] != NULL
&& dp->df_count[i] != 0)
if (!diff_equal_entry(dp, idx, i))
return -1;
}
// If there is no buffer with zero lines then there is no difference
// any longer. Happens when making a change (or undo) that removes
// the difference. Can't remove the entry here, we might be halfway
// updating the window. Just report the text as unchanged. Other
// windows might still show the change though.
if (zero == FALSE)
return 0;
return -2;
}
// If 'diffopt' doesn't contain "filler", return 0.
if (!(diff_flags & DIFF_FILLER))
return 0;
// Insert filler lines above the line just below the change. Will return
// 0 when this buf had the max count.
maxcount = 0;
for (i = 0; i < DB_COUNT; ++i)
if (curtab->tp_diffbuf[i] != NULL && dp->df_count[i] > maxcount)
maxcount = dp->df_count[i];
return maxcount - dp->df_count[idx];
}
/*
* Compare two entries in diff "*dp" and return TRUE if they are equal.
*/
static int
diff_equal_entry(diff_T *dp, int idx1, int idx2)
{
int i;
char_u *line;
int cmp;
if (dp->df_count[idx1] != dp->df_count[idx2])
return FALSE;
if (diff_check_sanity(curtab, dp) == FAIL)
return FALSE;
for (i = 0; i < dp->df_count[idx1]; ++i)
{
line = vim_strsave(ml_get_buf(curtab->tp_diffbuf[idx1],
dp->df_lnum[idx1] + i, FALSE));
if (line == NULL)
return FALSE;
cmp = diff_cmp(line, ml_get_buf(curtab->tp_diffbuf[idx2],
dp->df_lnum[idx2] + i, FALSE));
vim_free(line);
if (cmp != 0)
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
/*
* Compare the characters at "p1" and "p2". If they are equal (possibly
* ignoring case) return TRUE and set "len" to the number of bytes.
*/
static int
diff_equal_char(char_u *p1, char_u *p2, int *len)
{
int l = (*mb_ptr2len)(p1);
if (l != (*mb_ptr2len)(p2))
return FALSE;
if (l > 1)
{
if (STRNCMP(p1, p2, l) != 0
&& (!enc_utf8
|| !(diff_flags & DIFF_ICASE)
|| utf_fold(utf_ptr2char(p1))
!= utf_fold(utf_ptr2char(p2))))
return FALSE;
*len = l;
}
else
{
if ((*p1 != *p2)
&& (!(diff_flags & DIFF_ICASE)
|| TOLOWER_LOC(*p1) != TOLOWER_LOC(*p2)))
return FALSE;
*len = 1;
}
return TRUE;
}
/*
* Compare strings "s1" and "s2" according to 'diffopt'.
* Return non-zero when they are different.
*/
static int
diff_cmp(char_u *s1, char_u *s2)
{
char_u *p1, *p2;
int l;
if ((diff_flags & DIFF_IBLANK)
&& (*skipwhite(s1) == NUL || *skipwhite(s2) == NUL))
return 0;
if ((diff_flags & (DIFF_ICASE | ALL_WHITE_DIFF)) == 0)
return STRCMP(s1, s2);
if ((diff_flags & DIFF_ICASE) && !(diff_flags & ALL_WHITE_DIFF))
return MB_STRICMP(s1, s2);
p1 = s1;
p2 = s2;
// Ignore white space changes and possibly ignore case.
while (*p1 != NUL && *p2 != NUL)
{
if (((diff_flags & DIFF_IWHITE)
&& VIM_ISWHITE(*p1) && VIM_ISWHITE(*p2))
|| ((diff_flags & DIFF_IWHITEALL)
&& (VIM_ISWHITE(*p1) || VIM_ISWHITE(*p2))))
{
p1 = skipwhite(p1);
p2 = skipwhite(p2);
}
else
{
if (!diff_equal_char(p1, p2, &l))
break;
p1 += l;
p2 += l;
}
}
// Ignore trailing white space.
p1 = skipwhite(p1);
p2 = skipwhite(p2);
if (*p1 != NUL || *p2 != NUL)
return 1;
return 0;
}
/*
* Return the number of filler lines above "lnum".
*/
int
diff_check_fill(win_T *wp, linenr_T lnum)
{
int n;
// be quick when there are no filler lines
if (!(diff_flags & DIFF_FILLER))
return 0;
n = diff_check(wp, lnum);
if (n <= 0)
return 0;
return n;
}
/*
* Set the topline of "towin" to match the position in "fromwin", so that they
* show the same diff'ed lines.
*/
void
diff_set_topline(win_T *fromwin, win_T *towin)
{
buf_T *frombuf = fromwin->w_buffer;
linenr_T lnum = fromwin->w_topline;
int fromidx;
int toidx;
diff_T *dp;
int max_count;
int i;
fromidx = diff_buf_idx(frombuf);
if (fromidx == DB_COUNT)
return; // safety check
if (curtab->tp_diff_invalid)
ex_diffupdate(NULL); // update after a big change
towin->w_topfill = 0;
// search for a change that includes "lnum" in the list of diffblocks.
for (dp = curtab->tp_first_diff; dp != NULL; dp = dp->df_next)
if (lnum <= dp->df_lnum[fromidx] + dp->df_count[fromidx])
break;
if (dp == NULL)
{
// After last change, compute topline relative to end of file; no
// filler lines.
towin->w_topline = towin->w_buffer->b_ml.ml_line_count
- (frombuf->b_ml.ml_line_count - lnum);
}
else
{
// Find index for "towin".
toidx = diff_buf_idx(towin->w_buffer);
if (toidx == DB_COUNT)
return; // safety check
towin->w_topline = lnum + (dp->df_lnum[toidx] - dp->df_lnum[fromidx]);
if (lnum >= dp->df_lnum[fromidx])
{
// Inside a change: compute filler lines. With three or more
// buffers we need to know the largest count.
max_count = 0;
for (i = 0; i < DB_COUNT; ++i)
if (curtab->tp_diffbuf[i] != NULL
&& max_count < dp->df_count[i])
max_count = dp->df_count[i];
if (dp->df_count[toidx] == dp->df_count[fromidx])
{
// same number of lines: use same filler count
towin->w_topfill = fromwin->w_topfill;
}
else if (dp->df_count[toidx] > dp->df_count[fromidx])
{
if (lnum == dp->df_lnum[fromidx] + dp->df_count[fromidx])
{
// more lines in towin and fromwin doesn't show diff
// lines, only filler lines
if (max_count - fromwin->w_topfill >= dp->df_count[toidx])
{
// towin also only shows filler lines
towin->w_topline = dp->df_lnum[toidx]
+ dp->df_count[toidx];
towin->w_topfill = fromwin->w_topfill;
}
else
// towin still has some diff lines to show
towin->w_topline = dp->df_lnum[toidx]
+ max_count - fromwin->w_topfill;
}
}
else if (towin->w_topline >= dp->df_lnum[toidx]
+ dp->df_count[toidx])
{
// less lines in towin and no diff lines to show: compute
// filler lines
towin->w_topline = dp->df_lnum[toidx] + dp->df_count[toidx];
if (diff_flags & DIFF_FILLER)
{
if (lnum == dp->df_lnum[fromidx] + dp->df_count[fromidx])
// fromwin is also out of diff lines
towin->w_topfill = fromwin->w_topfill;
else
// fromwin has some diff lines
towin->w_topfill = dp->df_lnum[fromidx]
+ max_count - lnum;
}
}
}
}
// safety check (if diff info gets outdated strange things may happen)
towin->w_botfill = FALSE;
if (towin->w_topline > towin->w_buffer->b_ml.ml_line_count)
{
towin->w_topline = towin->w_buffer->b_ml.ml_line_count;
towin->w_botfill = TRUE;
}
if (towin->w_topline < 1)
{
towin->w_topline = 1;
towin->w_topfill = 0;
}
// When w_topline changes need to recompute w_botline and cursor position
invalidate_botline_win(towin);
changed_line_abv_curs_win(towin);
check_topfill(towin, FALSE);
#ifdef FEAT_FOLDING
(void)hasFoldingWin(towin, towin->w_topline, &towin->w_topline,
NULL, TRUE, NULL);
#endif
}
/*
* This is called when 'diffopt' is changed.
*/
int
diffopt_changed(void)
{
char_u *p;
int diff_context_new = 6;
int diff_flags_new = 0;
int diff_foldcolumn_new = 2;
long diff_algorithm_new = 0;
long diff_indent_heuristic = 0;
tabpage_T *tp;
p = p_dip;
while (*p != NUL)
{
if (STRNCMP(p, "filler", 6) == 0)
{
p += 6;
diff_flags_new |= DIFF_FILLER;
}
else if (STRNCMP(p, "context:", 8) == 0 && VIM_ISDIGIT(p[8]))
{
p += 8;
diff_context_new = getdigits(&p);
}
else if (STRNCMP(p, "iblank", 6) == 0)
{
p += 6;
diff_flags_new |= DIFF_IBLANK;
}
else if (STRNCMP(p, "icase", 5) == 0)
{
p += 5;
diff_flags_new |= DIFF_ICASE;
}
else if (STRNCMP(p, "iwhiteall", 9) == 0)
{
p += 9;
diff_flags_new |= DIFF_IWHITEALL;
}
else if (STRNCMP(p, "iwhiteeol", 9) == 0)
{
p += 9;
diff_flags_new |= DIFF_IWHITEEOL;
}
else if (STRNCMP(p, "iwhite", 6) == 0)
{
p += 6;
diff_flags_new |= DIFF_IWHITE;
}
else if (STRNCMP(p, "horizontal", 10) == 0)
{
p += 10;
diff_flags_new |= DIFF_HORIZONTAL;
}
else if (STRNCMP(p, "vertical", 8) == 0)
{
p += 8;
diff_flags_new |= DIFF_VERTICAL;
}
else if (STRNCMP(p, "foldcolumn:", 11) == 0 && VIM_ISDIGIT(p[11]))
{
p += 11;
diff_foldcolumn_new = getdigits(&p);
}
else if (STRNCMP(p, "hiddenoff", 9) == 0)
{
p += 9;
diff_flags_new |= DIFF_HIDDEN_OFF;
}
else if (STRNCMP(p, "closeoff", 8) == 0)
{
p += 8;
diff_flags_new |= DIFF_CLOSE_OFF;
}
else if (STRNCMP(p, "indent-heuristic", 16) == 0)
{
p += 16;
diff_indent_heuristic = XDF_INDENT_HEURISTIC;
}
else if (STRNCMP(p, "internal", 8) == 0)
{
p += 8;
diff_flags_new |= DIFF_INTERNAL;
}
else if (STRNCMP(p, "algorithm:", 10) == 0)
{
p += 10;
if (STRNCMP(p, "myers", 5) == 0)
{
p += 5;
diff_algorithm_new = 0;
}
else if (STRNCMP(p, "minimal", 7) == 0)
{
p += 7;
diff_algorithm_new = XDF_NEED_MINIMAL;
}
else if (STRNCMP(p, "patience", 8) == 0)
{
p += 8;
diff_algorithm_new = XDF_PATIENCE_DIFF;
}
else if (STRNCMP(p, "histogram", 9) == 0)
{
p += 9;
diff_algorithm_new = XDF_HISTOGRAM_DIFF;
}
else
return FAIL;
}
if (*p != ',' && *p != NUL)
return FAIL;
if (*p == ',')
++p;
}
diff_algorithm_new |= diff_indent_heuristic;
// Can't have both "horizontal" and "vertical".
if ((diff_flags_new & DIFF_HORIZONTAL) && (diff_flags_new & DIFF_VERTICAL))
return FAIL;
// If flags were added or removed, or the algorithm was changed, need to
// update the diff.
if (diff_flags != diff_flags_new || diff_algorithm != diff_algorithm_new)
FOR_ALL_TABPAGES(tp)
tp->tp_diff_invalid = TRUE;
diff_flags = diff_flags_new;
diff_context = diff_context_new == 0 ? 1 : diff_context_new;
diff_foldcolumn = diff_foldcolumn_new;
diff_algorithm = diff_algorithm_new;
diff_redraw(TRUE);
// recompute the scroll binding with the new option value, may
// remove or add filler lines
check_scrollbind((linenr_T)0, 0L);
return OK;
}
/*
* Return TRUE if 'diffopt' contains "horizontal".
*/
int
diffopt_horizontal(void)
{
return (diff_flags & DIFF_HORIZONTAL) != 0;
}
/*
* Return TRUE if 'diffopt' contains "hiddenoff".
*/
int
diffopt_hiddenoff(void)
{
return (diff_flags & DIFF_HIDDEN_OFF) != 0;
}
/*
* Return TRUE if 'diffopt' contains "closeoff".
*/
int
diffopt_closeoff(void)
{
return (diff_flags & DIFF_CLOSE_OFF) != 0;
}
/*
* Find the difference within a changed line.
* Returns TRUE if the line was added, no other buffer has it.
*/
int
diff_find_change(
win_T *wp,
linenr_T lnum,
int *startp, // first char of the change
int *endp) // last char of the change
{
char_u *line_org;
char_u *line_new;
int i;
int si_org, si_new;
int ei_org, ei_new;
diff_T *dp;
int idx;
int off;
int added = TRUE;
char_u *p1, *p2;
int l;
// Make a copy of the line, the next ml_get() will invalidate it.
line_org = vim_strsave(ml_get_buf(wp->w_buffer, lnum, FALSE));
if (line_org == NULL)
return FALSE;
idx = diff_buf_idx(wp->w_buffer);
if (idx == DB_COUNT) // cannot happen
{
vim_free(line_org);
return FALSE;
}
// search for a change that includes "lnum" in the list of diffblocks.
for (dp = curtab->tp_first_diff; dp != NULL; dp = dp->df_next)
if (lnum <= dp->df_lnum[idx] + dp->df_count[idx])
break;
if (dp == NULL || diff_check_sanity(curtab, dp) == FAIL)
{
vim_free(line_org);
return FALSE;
}
off = lnum - dp->df_lnum[idx];
for (i = 0; i < DB_COUNT; ++i)
if (curtab->tp_diffbuf[i] != NULL && i != idx)
{
// Skip lines that are not in the other change (filler lines).
if (off >= dp->df_count[i])
continue;
added = FALSE;
line_new = ml_get_buf(curtab->tp_diffbuf[i],
dp->df_lnum[i] + off, FALSE);
// Search for start of difference
si_org = si_new = 0;
while (line_org[si_org] != NUL)
{
if (((diff_flags & DIFF_IWHITE)
&& VIM_ISWHITE(line_org[si_org])
&& VIM_ISWHITE(line_new[si_new]))
|| ((diff_flags & DIFF_IWHITEALL)
&& (VIM_ISWHITE(line_org[si_org])
|| VIM_ISWHITE(line_new[si_new]))))
{
si_org = (int)(skipwhite(line_org + si_org) - line_org);
si_new = (int)(skipwhite(line_new + si_new) - line_new);
}
else
{
if (!diff_equal_char(line_org + si_org, line_new + si_new,
&l))
break;
si_org += l;
si_new += l;
}
}
if (has_mbyte)
{
// Move back to first byte of character in both lines (may
// have "nn^" in line_org and "n^ in line_new).
si_org -= (*mb_head_off)(line_org, line_org + si_org);
si_new -= (*mb_head_off)(line_new, line_new + si_new);
}
if (*startp > si_org)
*startp = si_org;
// Search for end of difference, if any.
if (line_org[si_org] != NUL || line_new[si_new] != NUL)
{
ei_org = (int)STRLEN(line_org);
ei_new = (int)STRLEN(line_new);
while (ei_org >= *startp && ei_new >= si_new
&& ei_org >= 0 && ei_new >= 0)
{
if (((diff_flags & DIFF_IWHITE)
&& VIM_ISWHITE(line_org[ei_org])
&& VIM_ISWHITE(line_new[ei_new]))
|| ((diff_flags & DIFF_IWHITEALL)
&& (VIM_ISWHITE(line_org[ei_org])
|| VIM_ISWHITE(line_new[ei_new]))))
{
while (ei_org >= *startp
&& VIM_ISWHITE(line_org[ei_org]))
--ei_org;
while (ei_new >= si_new
&& VIM_ISWHITE(line_new[ei_new]))
--ei_new;
}
else
{
p1 = line_org + ei_org;
p2 = line_new + ei_new;
p1 -= (*mb_head_off)(line_org, p1);
p2 -= (*mb_head_off)(line_new, p2);
if (!diff_equal_char(p1, p2, &l))
break;
ei_org -= l;
ei_new -= l;
}
}
if (*endp < ei_org)
*endp = ei_org;
}
}
vim_free(line_org);
return added;
}
#if defined(FEAT_FOLDING) || defined(PROTO)
/*
* Return TRUE if line "lnum" is not close to a diff block, this line should
* be in a fold.
* Return FALSE if there are no diff blocks at all in this window.
*/
int
diff_infold(win_T *wp, linenr_T lnum)
{
int i;
int idx = -1;
int other = FALSE;
diff_T *dp;
// Return if 'diff' isn't set.
if (!wp->w_p_diff)
return FALSE;
for (i = 0; i < DB_COUNT; ++i)
{
if (curtab->tp_diffbuf[i] == wp->w_buffer)
idx = i;
else if (curtab->tp_diffbuf[i] != NULL)
other = TRUE;
}
// return here if there are no diffs in the window
if (idx == -1 || !other)
return FALSE;
if (curtab->tp_diff_invalid)
ex_diffupdate(NULL); // update after a big change
// Return if there are no diff blocks. All lines will be folded.
if (curtab->tp_first_diff == NULL)
return TRUE;
for (dp = curtab->tp_first_diff; dp != NULL; dp = dp->df_next)
{
// If this change is below the line there can't be any further match.
if (dp->df_lnum[idx] - diff_context > lnum)
break;
// If this change ends before the line we have a match.
if (dp->df_lnum[idx] + dp->df_count[idx] + diff_context > lnum)
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
#endif
/*
* "dp" and "do" commands.
*/
void
nv_diffgetput(int put, long count)
{
exarg_T ea;
char_u buf[30];
#ifdef FEAT_JOB_CHANNEL
if (bt_prompt(curbuf))
{
vim_beep(BO_OPER);
return;
}
#endif
if (count == 0)
ea.arg = (char_u *)"";
else
{
vim_snprintf((char *)buf, 30, "%ld", count);
ea.arg = buf;
}
if (put)
ea.cmdidx = CMD_diffput;
else
ea.cmdidx = CMD_diffget;
ea.addr_count = 0;
ea.line1 = curwin->w_cursor.lnum;
ea.line2 = curwin->w_cursor.lnum;
ex_diffgetput(&ea);
}
/*
* ":diffget"
* ":diffput"
*/
void
ex_diffgetput(exarg_T *eap)
{
linenr_T lnum;
int count;
linenr_T off = 0;
diff_T *dp;
diff_T *dprev;
diff_T *dfree;
int idx_cur;
int idx_other;
int idx_from;
int idx_to;
int i;
int added;
char_u *p;
aco_save_T aco;
buf_T *buf;
int start_skip, end_skip;
int new_count;
int buf_empty;
int found_not_ma = FALSE;
// Find the current buffer in the list of diff buffers.
idx_cur = diff_buf_idx(curbuf);
if (idx_cur == DB_COUNT)
{
emsg(_("E99: Current buffer is not in diff mode"));
return;
}
if (*eap->arg == NUL)
{
// No argument: Find the other buffer in the list of diff buffers.
for (idx_other = 0; idx_other < DB_COUNT; ++idx_other)
if (curtab->tp_diffbuf[idx_other] != curbuf
&& curtab->tp_diffbuf[idx_other] != NULL)
{
if (eap->cmdidx != CMD_diffput
|| curtab->tp_diffbuf[idx_other]->b_p_ma)
break;
found_not_ma = TRUE;
}
if (idx_other == DB_COUNT)
{
if (found_not_ma)
emsg(_("E793: No other buffer in diff mode is modifiable"));
else
emsg(_("E100: No other buffer in diff mode"));
return;
}
// Check that there isn't a third buffer in the list
for (i = idx_other + 1; i < DB_COUNT; ++i)
if (curtab->tp_diffbuf[i] != curbuf
&& curtab->tp_diffbuf[i] != NULL
&& (eap->cmdidx != CMD_diffput || curtab->tp_diffbuf[i]->b_p_ma))
{
emsg(_("E101: More than two buffers in diff mode, don't know which one to use"));
return;
}
}
else
{
// Buffer number or pattern given. Ignore trailing white space.
p = eap->arg + STRLEN(eap->arg);
while (p > eap->arg && VIM_ISWHITE(p[-1]))
--p;
for (i = 0; vim_isdigit(eap->arg[i]) && eap->arg + i < p; ++i)
;
if (eap->arg + i == p) // digits only
i = atol((char *)eap->arg);
else
{
i = buflist_findpat(eap->arg, p, FALSE, TRUE, FALSE);
if (i < 0)
return; // error message already given
}
buf = buflist_findnr(i);
if (buf == NULL)
{
semsg(_("E102: Can't find buffer \"%s\""), eap->arg);
return;
}
if (buf == curbuf)
return; // nothing to do
idx_other = diff_buf_idx(buf);
if (idx_other == DB_COUNT)
{
semsg(_("E103: Buffer \"%s\" is not in diff mode"), eap->arg);
return;
}
}
diff_busy = TRUE;
// When no range given include the line above or below the cursor.
if (eap->addr_count == 0)
{
// Make it possible that ":diffget" on the last line gets line below
// the cursor line when there is no difference above the cursor.
if (eap->cmdidx == CMD_diffget
&& eap->line1 == curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count
&& diff_check(curwin, eap->line1) == 0
&& (eap->line1 == 1 || diff_check(curwin, eap->line1 - 1) == 0))
++eap->line2;
else if (eap->line1 > 0)
--eap->line1;
}
if (eap->cmdidx == CMD_diffget)
{
idx_from = idx_other;
idx_to = idx_cur;
}
else
{
idx_from = idx_cur;
idx_to = idx_other;
// Need to make the other buffer the current buffer to be able to make
// changes in it.
// set curwin/curbuf to buf and save a few things
aucmd_prepbuf(&aco, curtab->tp_diffbuf[idx_other]);
}
// May give the warning for a changed buffer here, which can trigger the
// FileChangedRO autocommand, which may do nasty things and mess
// everything up.
if (!curbuf->b_changed)
{
change_warning(0);
if (diff_buf_idx(curbuf) != idx_to)
{
emsg(_("E787: Buffer changed unexpectedly"));
goto theend;
}
}
dprev = NULL;
for (dp = curtab->tp_first_diff; dp != NULL; )
{
if (dp->df_lnum[idx_cur] > eap->line2 + off)
break; // past the range that was specified
dfree = NULL;
lnum = dp->df_lnum[idx_to];
count = dp->df_count[idx_to];
if (dp->df_lnum[idx_cur] + dp->df_count[idx_cur] > eap->line1 + off
&& u_save(lnum - 1, lnum + count) != FAIL)
{
// Inside the specified range and saving for undo worked.
start_skip = 0;
end_skip = 0;
if (eap->addr_count > 0)
{
// A range was specified: check if lines need to be skipped.
start_skip = eap->line1 + off - dp->df_lnum[idx_cur];
if (start_skip > 0)
{
// range starts below start of current diff block
if (start_skip > count)
{
lnum += count;
count = 0;
}
else
{
count -= start_skip;
lnum += start_skip;
}
}
else
start_skip = 0;
end_skip = dp->df_lnum[idx_cur] + dp->df_count[idx_cur] - 1
- (eap->line2 + off);
if (end_skip > 0)
{
// range ends above end of current/from diff block
if (idx_cur == idx_from) // :diffput
{
i = dp->df_count[idx_cur] - start_skip - end_skip;
if (count > i)
count = i;
}
else // :diffget
{
count -= end_skip;
end_skip = dp->df_count[idx_from] - start_skip - count;
if (end_skip < 0)
end_skip = 0;
}
}
else
end_skip = 0;
}
buf_empty = BUFEMPTY();
added = 0;
for (i = 0; i < count; ++i)
{
// remember deleting the last line of the buffer
buf_empty = curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count == 1;
ml_delete(lnum, FALSE);
--added;
}
for (i = 0; i < dp->df_count[idx_from] - start_skip - end_skip; ++i)
{
linenr_T nr;
nr = dp->df_lnum[idx_from] + start_skip + i;
if (nr > curtab->tp_diffbuf[idx_from]->b_ml.ml_line_count)
break;
p = vim_strsave(ml_get_buf(curtab->tp_diffbuf[idx_from],
nr, FALSE));
if (p != NULL)
{
ml_append(lnum + i - 1, p, 0, FALSE);
vim_free(p);
++added;
if (buf_empty && curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count == 2)
{
// Added the first line into an empty buffer, need to
// delete the dummy empty line.
buf_empty = FALSE;
ml_delete((linenr_T)2, FALSE);
}
}
}
new_count = dp->df_count[idx_to] + added;
dp->df_count[idx_to] = new_count;
if (start_skip == 0 && end_skip == 0)
{
// Check if there are any other buffers and if the diff is
// equal in them.
for (i = 0; i < DB_COUNT; ++i)
if (curtab->tp_diffbuf[i] != NULL && i != idx_from
&& i != idx_to
&& !diff_equal_entry(dp, idx_from, i))
break;
if (i == DB_COUNT)
{
// delete the diff entry, the buffers are now equal here
dfree = dp;
dp = dp->df_next;
if (dprev == NULL)
curtab->tp_first_diff = dp;
else
dprev->df_next = dp;
}
}
// Adjust marks. This will change the following entries!
if (added != 0)
{
mark_adjust(lnum, lnum + count - 1, (long)MAXLNUM, (long)added);
if (curwin->w_cursor.lnum >= lnum)
{
// Adjust the cursor position if it's in/after the changed
// lines.
if (curwin->w_cursor.lnum >= lnum + count)
curwin->w_cursor.lnum += added;
else if (added < 0)
curwin->w_cursor.lnum = lnum;
}
}
changed_lines(lnum, 0, lnum + count, (long)added);
if (dfree != NULL)
{
// Diff is deleted, update folds in other windows.
#ifdef FEAT_FOLDING
diff_fold_update(dfree, idx_to);
#endif
vim_free(dfree);
}
else
// mark_adjust() may have changed the count in a wrong way
dp->df_count[idx_to] = new_count;
// When changing the current buffer, keep track of line numbers
if (idx_cur == idx_to)
off += added;
}
// If before the range or not deleted, go to next diff.
if (dfree == NULL)
{
dprev = dp;
dp = dp->df_next;
}
}
// restore curwin/curbuf and a few other things
if (eap->cmdidx != CMD_diffget)
{
// Syncing undo only works for the current buffer, but we change
// another buffer. Sync undo if the command was typed. This isn't
// 100% right when ":diffput" is used in a function or mapping.
if (KeyTyped)
u_sync(FALSE);
aucmd_restbuf(&aco);
}
theend:
diff_busy = FALSE;
if (diff_need_update)
ex_diffupdate(NULL);
// Check that the cursor is on a valid character and update its
// position. When there were filler lines the topline has become
// invalid.
check_cursor();
changed_line_abv_curs();
if (diff_need_update)
// redraw already done by ex_diffupdate()
diff_need_update = FALSE;
else
{
// Also need to redraw the other buffers.
diff_redraw(FALSE);
apply_autocmds(EVENT_DIFFUPDATED, NULL, NULL, FALSE, curbuf);
}
}
#ifdef FEAT_FOLDING
/*
* Update folds for all diff buffers for entry "dp".
* Skip buffer with index "skip_idx".
* When there are no diffs, all folds are removed.
*/
static void
diff_fold_update(diff_T *dp, int skip_idx)
{
int i;
win_T *wp;
FOR_ALL_WINDOWS(wp)
for (i = 0; i < DB_COUNT; ++i)
if (curtab->tp_diffbuf[i] == wp->w_buffer && i != skip_idx)
foldUpdate(wp, dp->df_lnum[i],
dp->df_lnum[i] + dp->df_count[i]);
}
#endif
/*
* Return TRUE if buffer "buf" is in diff-mode.
*/
int
diff_mode_buf(buf_T *buf)
{
tabpage_T *tp;
FOR_ALL_TABPAGES(tp)
if (diff_buf_idx_tp(buf, tp) != DB_COUNT)
return TRUE;
return FALSE;
}
/*
* Move "count" times in direction "dir" to the next diff block.
* Return FAIL if there isn't such a diff block.
*/
int
diff_move_to(int dir, long count)
{
int idx;
linenr_T lnum = curwin->w_cursor.lnum;
diff_T *dp;
idx = diff_buf_idx(curbuf);
if (idx == DB_COUNT || curtab->tp_first_diff == NULL)
return FAIL;
if (curtab->tp_diff_invalid)
ex_diffupdate(NULL); // update after a big change
if (curtab->tp_first_diff == NULL) // no diffs today
return FAIL;
while (--count >= 0)
{
// Check if already before first diff.
if (dir == BACKWARD && lnum <= curtab->tp_first_diff->df_lnum[idx])
break;
for (dp = curtab->tp_first_diff; ; dp = dp->df_next)
{
if (dp == NULL)
break;
if ((dir == FORWARD && lnum < dp->df_lnum[idx])
|| (dir == BACKWARD
&& (dp->df_next == NULL
|| lnum <= dp->df_next->df_lnum[idx])))
{
lnum = dp->df_lnum[idx];
break;
}
}
}
// don't end up past the end of the file
if (lnum > curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count)
lnum = curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count;
// When the cursor didn't move at all we fail.
if (lnum == curwin->w_cursor.lnum)
return FAIL;
setpcmark();
curwin->w_cursor.lnum = lnum;
curwin->w_cursor.col = 0;
return OK;
}
/*
* Return the line number in the current window that is closest to "lnum1" in
* "buf1" in diff mode.
*/
static linenr_T
diff_get_corresponding_line_int(
buf_T *buf1,
linenr_T lnum1)
{
int idx1;
int idx2;
diff_T *dp;
int baseline = 0;
idx1 = diff_buf_idx(buf1);
idx2 = diff_buf_idx(curbuf);
if (idx1 == DB_COUNT || idx2 == DB_COUNT || curtab->tp_first_diff == NULL)
return lnum1;
if (curtab->tp_diff_invalid)
ex_diffupdate(NULL); // update after a big change
if (curtab->tp_first_diff == NULL) // no diffs today
return lnum1;
for (dp = curtab->tp_first_diff; dp != NULL; dp = dp->df_next)
{
if (dp->df_lnum[idx1] > lnum1)
return lnum1 - baseline;
if ((dp->df_lnum[idx1] + dp->df_count[idx1]) > lnum1)
{
// Inside the diffblock
baseline = lnum1 - dp->df_lnum[idx1];
if (baseline > dp->df_count[idx2])
baseline = dp->df_count[idx2];
return dp->df_lnum[idx2] + baseline;
}
if ( (dp->df_lnum[idx1] == lnum1)
&& (dp->df_count[idx1] == 0)
&& (dp->df_lnum[idx2] <= curwin->w_cursor.lnum)
&& ((dp->df_lnum[idx2] + dp->df_count[idx2])
> curwin->w_cursor.lnum))
/*
* Special case: if the cursor is just after a zero-count
* block (i.e. all filler) and the target cursor is already
* inside the corresponding block, leave the target cursor
* unmoved. This makes repeated CTRL-W W operations work
* as expected.
*/
return curwin->w_cursor.lnum;
baseline = (dp->df_lnum[idx1] + dp->df_count[idx1])
- (dp->df_lnum[idx2] + dp->df_count[idx2]);
}
// If we get here then the cursor is after the last diff
return lnum1 - baseline;
}
/*
* Return the line number in the current window that is closest to "lnum1" in
* "buf1" in diff mode. Checks the line number to be valid.
*/
linenr_T
diff_get_corresponding_line(buf_T *buf1, linenr_T lnum1)
{
linenr_T lnum = diff_get_corresponding_line_int(buf1, lnum1);
// don't end up past the end of the file
if (lnum > curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count)
return curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count;
return lnum;
}
/*
* For line "lnum" in the current window find the equivalent lnum in window
* "wp", compensating for inserted/deleted lines.
*/
linenr_T
diff_lnum_win(linenr_T lnum, win_T *wp)
{
diff_T *dp;
int idx;
int i;
linenr_T n;
idx = diff_buf_idx(curbuf);
if (idx == DB_COUNT) // safety check
return (linenr_T)0;
if (curtab->tp_diff_invalid)
ex_diffupdate(NULL); // update after a big change
// search for a change that includes "lnum" in the list of diffblocks.
for (dp = curtab->tp_first_diff; dp != NULL; dp = dp->df_next)
if (lnum <= dp->df_lnum[idx] + dp->df_count[idx])
break;
// When after the last change, compute relative to the last line number.
if (dp == NULL)
return wp->w_buffer->b_ml.ml_line_count
- (curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count - lnum);
// Find index for "wp".
i = diff_buf_idx(wp->w_buffer);
if (i == DB_COUNT) // safety check
return (linenr_T)0;
n = lnum + (dp->df_lnum[i] - dp->df_lnum[idx]);
if (n > dp->df_lnum[i] + dp->df_count[i])
n = dp->df_lnum[i] + dp->df_count[i];
return n;
}
/*
* Handle an ED style diff line.
* Return FAIL if the line does not contain diff info.
*/
static int
parse_diff_ed(
char_u *line,
linenr_T *lnum_orig,
long *count_orig,
linenr_T *lnum_new,
long *count_new)
{
char_u *p;
long f1, l1, f2, l2;
int difftype;
// The line must be one of three formats:
// change: {first}[,{last}]c{first}[,{last}]
// append: {first}a{first}[,{last}]
// delete: {first}[,{last}]d{first}
p = line;
f1 = getdigits(&p);
if (*p == ',')
{
++p;
l1 = getdigits(&p);
}
else
l1 = f1;
if (*p != 'a' && *p != 'c' && *p != 'd')
return FAIL; // invalid diff format
difftype = *p++;
f2 = getdigits(&p);
if (*p == ',')
{
++p;
l2 = getdigits(&p);
}
else
l2 = f2;
if (l1 < f1 || l2 < f2)
return FAIL;
if (difftype == 'a')
{
*lnum_orig = f1 + 1;
*count_orig = 0;
}
else
{
*lnum_orig = f1;
*count_orig = l1 - f1 + 1;
}
if (difftype == 'd')
{
*lnum_new = f2 + 1;
*count_new = 0;
}
else
{
*lnum_new = f2;
*count_new = l2 - f2 + 1;
}
return OK;
}
/*
* Parses unified diff with zero(!) context lines.
* Return FAIL if there is no diff information in "line".
*/
static int
parse_diff_unified(
char_u *line,
linenr_T *lnum_orig,
long *count_orig,
linenr_T *lnum_new,
long *count_new)
{
char_u *p;
long oldline, oldcount, newline, newcount;
// Parse unified diff hunk header:
// @@ -oldline,oldcount +newline,newcount @@
p = line;
if (*p++ == '@' && *p++ == '@' && *p++ == ' ' && *p++ == '-')
{
oldline = getdigits(&p);
if (*p == ',')
{
++p;
oldcount = getdigits(&p);
}
else
oldcount = 1;
if (*p++ == ' ' && *p++ == '+')
{
newline = getdigits(&p);
if (*p == ',')
{
++p;
newcount = getdigits(&p);
}
else
newcount = 1;
}
else
return FAIL; // invalid diff format
if (oldcount == 0)
oldline += 1;
if (newcount == 0)
newline += 1;
if (newline == 0)
newline = 1;
*lnum_orig = oldline;
*count_orig = oldcount;
*lnum_new = newline;
*count_new = newcount;
return OK;
}
return FAIL;
}
/*
* Callback function for the xdl_diff() function.
* Stores the diff output in a grow array.
*/
static int
xdiff_out(void *priv, mmbuffer_t *mb, int nbuf)
{
diffout_T *dout = (diffout_T *)priv;
char_u *p;
// The header line always comes by itself, text lines in at least two
// parts. We drop the text part.
if (nbuf > 1)
return 0;
// sanity check
if (STRNCMP(mb[0].ptr, "@@ ", 3) != 0)
return 0;
if (ga_grow(&dout->dout_ga, 1) == FAIL)
return -1;
p = vim_strnsave((char_u *)mb[0].ptr, mb[0].size);
if (p == NULL)
return -1;
((char_u **)dout->dout_ga.ga_data)[dout->dout_ga.ga_len++] = p;
return 0;
}
#endif // FEAT_DIFF
#if defined(FEAT_EVAL) || defined(PROTO)
/*
* "diff_filler()" function
*/
void
f_diff_filler(typval_T *argvars UNUSED, typval_T *rettv UNUSED)
{
#ifdef FEAT_DIFF
rettv->vval.v_number = diff_check_fill(curwin, tv_get_lnum(argvars));
#endif
}
/*
* "diff_hlID()" function
*/
void
f_diff_hlID(typval_T *argvars UNUSED, typval_T *rettv UNUSED)
{
#ifdef FEAT_DIFF
linenr_T lnum = tv_get_lnum(argvars);
static linenr_T prev_lnum = 0;
static varnumber_T changedtick = 0;
static int fnum = 0;
static int change_start = 0;
static int change_end = 0;
static hlf_T hlID = (hlf_T)0;
int filler_lines;
int col;
if (lnum < 0) // ignore type error in {lnum} arg
lnum = 0;
if (lnum != prev_lnum
|| changedtick != CHANGEDTICK(curbuf)
|| fnum != curbuf->b_fnum)
{
// New line, buffer, change: need to get the values.
filler_lines = diff_check(curwin, lnum);
if (filler_lines < 0)
{
if (filler_lines == -1)
{
change_start = MAXCOL;
change_end = -1;
if (diff_find_change(curwin, lnum, &change_start, &change_end))
hlID = HLF_ADD; // added line
else
hlID = HLF_CHD; // changed line
}
else
hlID = HLF_ADD; // added line
}
else
hlID = (hlf_T)0;
prev_lnum = lnum;
changedtick = CHANGEDTICK(curbuf);
fnum = curbuf->b_fnum;
}
if (hlID == HLF_CHD || hlID == HLF_TXD)
{
col = tv_get_number(&argvars[1]) - 1; // ignore type error in {col}
if (col >= change_start && col <= change_end)
hlID = HLF_TXD; // changed text
else
hlID = HLF_CHD; // changed line
}
rettv->vval.v_number = hlID == (hlf_T)0 ? 0 : (int)hlID;
#endif
}
#endif
|
Hello...
I'm Kelvin Luck - a developer with over 15 years of experience building things on the internet. I'm fluent in JavaScript, HTML, CSS, C#, PHP, SQL, ActionScript and more and I like creating lovely stuff with my skills.
There isn't much on this site but you can find my dirty fingerprints all over the internet including on:
|
Jim’s Letters
Between December 1914 and August 1915, Tom and Jim write to each other whenever they get a chance. Tom talks about life at home on the farm while Jim writes from Egypt and then from the trenches of the Gallipoli peninsula.
From the author and illustrator of Le Quesnoy comes a moving story of two brothers separated by war. It is based on the thousands of letters sent by and to Anzac soldiers fighting at Gallipoli, one of the most significant campaigns of the First World War.
|
COURT OF APPEALS
EIGHTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
EL PASO, TEXAS
'
BILL GRANT No. 08-13-00087-CR
'
Appellant, Appeal from the
'
v. County Criminal Court No. 4
'
THE STATE OF TEXAS, of El Paso County, Texas
'
State. ' (TC# 20100C08307)
ORDER
Pending before the Court is a motion to withdraw as counsel by Appellant=s retained
attorney, which the trial court granted on April 3, 2013. However, the motion does not comply
with Texas Rule of Appellate Procedure 6.5 in the following respects:
1) it does not contain a list of the current deadlines and settings on appeal (in
particular, it does not advise Appellant of the deadline for responding to the
Clerk=s notice dated April 4, 2013 regarding the certification of the right to
appeal);
2) it does not contain the Appellant’s last known address;
3) it does not contain a statement that the Appellant was notified in writing of the
right to object to the motion; and
1
4) it does not reflect that it was delivered to Appellant in person or mailed by both
first-class and certified mail.
See TEX. R. APP. P. 6.5(b).
It is therefore ORDERED that the motion to withdraw is denied without prejudice to the
filing of an amended motion that cures these defects.
IT IS SO ORDERED this 15th day of May, 2013.
PER CURIAM
Before McClure, C.J., Rivera and Rodriguez, JJ.
2
|
All professionals at China Township Family Dentistry maintain the highest levels of accreditation and pursue ongoing education to stay abreast of the latest trends in dentistry. Read on to learn more about our staff's experience and training.
Dr. Anthony Giuliano, DDS
Dr. Tony was born and raised in Michigan. He graduated from the Univeristy of Michigan School of Dentistry in 1994 and did a General Practice Residency in Ann Arbor before purchasing a practice in Algonac in 1998 and partnering with Dr. Charlton at China Township Family Dentistry in 2005. Dr. Tony sees patients on Tuesday and Wednesday at China Township Family Dentistry. He has been active in the community, having served on the DDA, member of the Rotary Club and Civic Club in Algonac. He also volunteers with his boys school and sports activities. Dr. Tony is a member of the American Dental Association, Michigan Dental Association, Thumb District Dental Society and the International Association for Orthodontics.
Dr. Gordon Charlton, DDS
Dr. Charlton graduated from the University of Michigan School of Dentistry in 1996 and did a General Practice Residency at the Ann Arbor Veterans Administration Hospital before partnering with Dr. Tony at China Township Family Dentistry. Since then, Dr. Charlton has completed hundreds of hours of extensive continuing education, being a member of the Francis B. Vedder Society in Ann Arbor, MI and a participate of the Kois Center in Seattle, Washington to expand both his knowledge and application of skills in restorative dentistry. Dr. Charlton is a member of the American Dental Association, Michigan Dental Association, Thumb District Dental Society and the International Association of Orthodontics.
|
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Tag Archive for 'mitochondrial dna'
One thing we have done in Genomes Unzipped is to report on what is on the market for consumers interested in getting information about their genetic data. While we have found generally positive things to say about this market, there are also many exaggerated claims especially when it comes to making inferences about an individual’s ancestors from direct-to-consumer genetics companies. An example came up last summer with a BBC radio 4 interview of Alistair Moffat of Britain’s DNA. This post will discuss the scientific basis of some of the claims made in the interview.
But first of all, what is my motivation to write this post? After all, there are quite a few genetic ancestry companies like Britain’s DNA, making similar claims. Why specifically discuss this BBC radio 4 interview? The main reason is that listening to this radio interview prompted my UCL colleagues David Balding and Mark Thomas to ask questions to the Britain’s DNA scientific team; the questions have not been satisfactorily answered. Instead, a threat of legal action was issued by solicitors for Mr Moffat. Any type of legal threat is an ominous sign for an academic debate. This motivated me to point out some of the incorrect, or at the very least exaggerated, statements made in this interview. Importantly, while I received comments from several people for this post, the opinion presented here is entirely mine and does not involve any of my colleagues at Genomes Unzipped.Continue reading ‘Exaggerations and errors in the promotion of genetic ancestry testing’
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<domain type='vmware'>
<name>firmware-efi</name>
<uuid>564d9bef-acd9-b4e0-c8f0-aea8b9103515</uuid>
<memory unit='KiB'>4096</memory>
<os firmware='efi'>
<type>hvm</type>
</os>
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Walt Disney Co (NYSE: DIS) is reportedly close to confirming an agreement to acquire some or all of Twenty-First Century Fox Inc (NASDAQ: FOXA)'s media and entertainment assets.
The Analyst
Pivotal Research Group's Brian Wieser maintains a Buy rating and unchanged $35 price target on...
Walt Disney Co (NYSE: DIS)'s prior talks to acquire some or all of Twenty-First Century Fox Inc (NASDAQ: FOXA)'s media assets ended with no agreement being made, but the two companies have since returned to the negotiating table, The Wall Street Journal reported.
The Analyst
Rosenblatt...
Roku Inc (NASDAQ: ROKU)'s post-IPO lows of $15.75 had many investors concerned with the streaming media company's true prospects and short sellers were very active in the name. But the company's third quarter earnings report helped boost the stock higher by more than 40 percent Thursday...
The future of TV and entertainment is evolving at a rapid pace. Many investors and analysts are working under the assumption that internet-based new age media companies will emerge as winners — and legacy media companies will finish last as the "cord cutting" trend continues.
The...
Shares of Dave & Buster's Entertainment, Inc. (NASDAQ: PLAY) lost more than 5 percent Wednesday morning after the company's second-quarter earnings report fell short of expectations. It didn't deter some of Wall Street's analysts to part ways with their bullish stance.
Wells...
Notable fund manager Mario Gabelli of GAMCO Investors is tapping into the minds of millennials to come up with investment ideas in the entertainment industry.
Speaking as a guest during CNBC's "Squawk Box" segment, Gabelli said that millennials want "experiences." Granted, many millennials spend a...
An important electronic milestone was reached in June. It underscored the ongoing seismic shift in how most consumers now get their news, information and entertainment.
For the first time, more people subscribed to broadband Internet service than for cable television, according to New Hampshire...
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The clothing brand Zara is world renowned for its affordable yet trendy, high quality products. With over 1,770 stores, Founder and CEO Amancio Ortega has grown his small store in Spain into a well-recognized fashion brand in more than 86 different countries!
Fast Fashion Trends
The secret to all this success? Zara has managed to keep up with the constant change in fashion throughout the world – whether it’s in Japan, Italy, Canada or the USA. Like a chameleon, Zara has been able to quickly adapt to the fast fashion trends.
As a result of keeping up with constantly changing consumer trends, Zara ends up producing approximately 450 million items a year for their stores. Just walk into a store and speak to an associate. If you ask them when they expect new product, they always respond with something along the lines of “We’re getting new shipments in every day.” Are you now looking for that dress shirt you were thinking of buying last week? Chances are your size or that style is gone! If you get to the store a week too late, nearly half the products will be completely different.
Supply chain management strategy
So how has Zara been able to stand-out from all other fashion competitors? It’s well constructed supply chain management strategy. This strategy encompasses many stages. It begins by redesigning couture trends for the mainstream market and then leads to manufacturing, distribution and then retailing. All of this can be done in two weeks. Most designers and stores can take up to six months or more to get their new products in stores for consumers.
To manage the overarching process, a significant amount of production is kept in-house. By doing so, Zara is able to adjust the frequency, amount and variety of new products when they need to. This creates the opportunity to create products that are in trend and get them on the market when the trend is still at its peak. And this is a major key to their high performance on social media.
In conjunction with their ability to produce fast fashion, Zara has also managed to take advantage of the mobile digital world. With shopping and fashion lookbooks accessible online, especially through Instagram, Zara’s looks and new product are very quickly communicated to their fashion conscious followers. As soon as a new style is produced and sent to stores, it’s already on social media. Their ability to produce products quickly and communicate to audiences instantly has a direct correlation to their high follower count on Instagram.
On Instagram, Zara has an astounding 9.7 million followers and over 14.7 million posts under the hashtag #zara. Their posts are constantly communicating what new styles are in stores and online. And a smart move on their end, they even post the reference number for their featured products – making the exact item easier to find.
Gap, their American competitor, has 1.1 million followers on Instagram and just over 1.5 million posts under their hashtag #gap. If you compare the quality of their Instagram posts, you can see a difference in their approach to social media, which also reflects on their quickness to produce new items and encourage audiences to buy products. Gap’s Instagram posts don’t highlight what’s new in stores, nor do they identify product codes. The business model at Zara allows them to push product out quick. As a result, their posts are highly focused on communicating when new product reaches stores and easing the process of purchasing them.
Lessons for Others
With such fast paced production, expeditous inventory management, and social media networks that are exploding with followers, Zara has been able to successfully develop an internal and profitable supply chain strategy like no other. With limiting their production of their inventory items, Zara reduces their risk of stockpiling unwanted clothes. This artificial scarcity means there is not much inventory to be disposed of or discounted at sale prices, which ultimately means they are selling most of their inventory at full price, compared to the industry norm of 50%. Well done Zara!
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package com.bird.web.sso;
import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.Setter;
/**
* @author liuxx
* @date 2019/3/1
*/
@Getter
@Setter
public abstract class SsoProperties {
/**
* cookie名称，默认为Sso-Token
*/
private String cookieName = "Sso-Token";
/**
* 登录地址
*/
private String loginPath;
}
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Electrochemical energy conversion devices include fuel cell systems as well as hydrogen generators and other electrolysers, such as forco-electrolysing water and CO2.
Fuel cells convert gaseous fuels (such as hydrogen, natural gas and gasified coal) via an electrochemical process directly into electricity. A fuel cell continuously produces power when supplied with fuel and oxidant, normally air. A typical fuel cell consists of an electrolyte (ionic conductor, H+, O2−, CO32− etc.) in contact with two electrodes (mainly electronic conductors). On shorting the cell through an external load, fuel oxidises at the negative electrode resulting in the release of electrons which flow through the external load and reduce oxygen at the positive electrode. The charge flow in the external circuit is balanced by ionic current flows within the electrolyte. Thus, at the positive electrode oxygen from the air or other oxidant is dissociated and converted to oxygen ions which migrate through the electrolyte material and react with the fuel at the negative electrode/electrolyte interface. The voltage from a single cell under load conditions is in the vicinity of 0.6 to 1.0 V DC, and current densities in the range of 100 to 1000 mAcm−2 can be achieved. In addition to the electricity, water is a product of the fuel cell reaction.
Hydrogen generators and other electrolysers may be considered as fuel cell systems operating in reverse. Thus, a hydrogen generator produces hydrogen and oxygen when electricity and water are applied to the electrochemical cell.
A fuel cell system capable of producing electricity may be designed to run in reverse in order to produce hydrogen, for example producing electricity during the day and hydrogen at night, with the hydrogen optionally being stored for use the next day to produce more electricity. However, it may be advantageous from the efficiency perspective to design separate fuel cell systems and hydrogen generators. While the invention is concerned with electrochemical energy conversion devices generally, for convenience only it will be described hereinafter primarily with reference to electricity generating fuel cell systems and cells for them.
Several different types of fuel cells have been proposed. Amongst these, solid oxide fuel cell systems (SOFC) are regarded as the most efficient and versatile power generation system, in particular for dispersed power generation, with low pollution, high efficiency, high power density and fuel flexibility, and the invention is particularly concerned with solid oxide electrochemical energy conversion cells and with devices using them. Numerous SOFC configurations are under development, including tubular, monolithic and planar designs, and are now in production. The planar or flat plate design is perhaps the most widely investigated and now in commercial use, and the invention is particularly concerned in one aspect with electrochemical energy conversion devices comprising a stack of such solid oxide electrochemical cells. However, in another aspect, the invention also extends to solid oxide electrochemical energy conversion cells generally, that is it is concerned with tubular cells and monolithic cells, as well as with planar cells.
For convenience only, the invention will be further described solely with respect to planar or flat plate design solid oxide electrochemical energy conversion cells, and devices using them. In these devices, individual planar SOFCs comprising electrolyte/electrode laminates alternate with gas separators, called interconnects when the gas separators convey electricity from one SOFC′ to the next, to form multi-cell unit or stacks. Gas flow paths are provided between the gas separators and respective electrodes of the SOFCs, for example by providing gas flow channels in the gas separators, and the gas separators maintain separation between the gases on each side. Apart from having good mechanical and thermal properties, as well as good electrical properties in the case of interconnects and good electrochemical properties in the case of the fuel cells themselves, the individual fuel cell device components must be stable to demanding fuel cell operating environments. SOFCs operate in the vicinity of 600° C.-1000° C. and, for devices using them to be economical, typical lifetimes of 5-6 years or more of continuous operation are desired. Thus, long term stability of the various device components is essential. Only a few materials fulfil all the requirements. In general, the high operating temperature of the SOFCs, the multi-component nature of the devices and the required life expectancy of several years severely restricts the choice of materials for the fuel cells, gas separators and other components such as seals, spacer plates and the like.
A variety of different materials have been proposed for SOFC gas separators, including ceramic, cermet and alloys. For electrically conductive gas separators, that is interconnects, metallic materials have the advantage generally of high electrical and thermal conductivities and of being easier to fabricate. However, stability in a fuel cell environment that is high temperatures in both reducing and oxidising atmospheres, limits the number of available metals that can be used in interconnects. Most high temperature oxidation resistant alloys have some kind of built-in protection mechanism, usually forming oxidation resistant surface layers. Metallic materials commonly proposed for high temperature applications include, usually as alloys, Cr, Al and Si, all of which form protective layers. For the material to be useful as an interconnect in SOFC devices, any protective layer which may be formed by the material in use must be at least a reasonable electronic conductor. However, oxides of Al and Si are poor conductors. Therefore, alloys which appear most suitable for use as metallic interconnects in SOFCs, whether in cermet or alloy form, contain Cr in varying quantities.
Cr containing alloys form a layer of Cr2O3 at the external surface which provides oxidation resistance to the alloy. The formation of a Cr2O3 layer for most electrical applications is not a problem as it has acceptable electrical conductivity. However, for SOFC applications, a major problem is the high vapour pressure and therefore evaporation of oxides and oxyhydroxides of Cr (Cr6+) on the positive electrode side of the fuel cell at the high operating temperatures. At high temperatures, oxides and oxyhydroxides of Cr (Cr6+) are stable only in the gas phase and have been found to react with positive electrode materials leading to the formation of new phases such as chromates, which destroy the electrode material and make it electrically resistive, as well as to deposits of Cr2O3 on the electrolyte. These reactions very quickly reduce electrode activity to the oxygen reduction reaction at and adjacent the positive electrode/electrolyte interface, and thereby considerably degrade the electrochemical performance of the cell.
It has been attempted to alleviate this problem of degraded electrochemical performance by coating the positive electrode side of the interconnect with a perovskite barrier layer such as strontium-doped lanthanum manganite (LaMnO3) (LSM), which may also be the material of the positive electrode, but while short term performance was maintained there continued to be an unacceptable long term degradation in performance.
The problem of degradation due to evaporation of oxides and oxyhydroxides of Cr from chromium-containing materials on the positive electrode side of the fuel cell was greatly relieved by the invention described in the applicant's WO96/28855, that is forming a self-repairing coating on the positive electrode side of a chromium-containing interconnect, the coating comprising an oxide surface layer comprising at least one metal M selected from the group Mn, Fe, Co and Ni and a M, Cr spinel layer intermediate the chromium-containing substrate of the interconnect and the oxide surface layer. Such a coating may also be formed on other chromium-containing heat resistant steel surfaces that are on the positive electrode side of the plant. However, it remains a challenge to ensure the coating remains full dense to prevent the release of the chromium species in the demanding fuel cell operating conditions.
Other solutions have also been proposed for alleviating the degradation in fuel cell performance due to evaporation of oxides and oxyhydroxides of Cr on the positive electrode side of the fuel cell. For example, a low (or no) chromium steel is proposed in the applicant's WO00/75389, in which an alumina coating is formed on oxidation of the surface rather than chromium oxide. However, due to the low electrical conductivity of alumina, this heat resistant steel composition is not suitable for gas separators that are intended to act as interconnects conducting electricity from one side to the other.
In a further effort to limit the problem of degradation due to evaporation of oxides and oxyhydroxides of Cr on the positive electrode side of the fuel cell, it has been proposed to introduce another layer (referred to hereinafter as “shield layer”) on the positive electrode layer to absorb chromium before it reaches the positive electrode layer.
Positive electrode material for SOFCs are generally perovskites or oxides having perovskite-type structures (refined to herein as “perovskites”), such as lanthanum strontium manganite or LSM (La1-xSrxMnO3-δ), lanthanum strontium cobaltite or LSCo (La1-xSrxCoO3-δ), lanthanum strontium ferrite or LSF (La1-xSrxFeO3-δ), La1-xSrxCo1-yFeyO3-δ (LSCF), LaNixFe1-xO3-δ (LNF), and Ba1-xSrxCo1-yFeyO3-δ (BSCF) where 0≦δ<1 depending on the dopant. Other examples include SmxSr1-xCoO3-δ (SSC), LaxSr1-xMnyCo1-yO3-δ (LSMC), PrxSr1-xFeO3-δ (PSF), SrxCe1-xFeyNi1-yO3-δ (SCFN), SrxCe1-xFeyCo1-y03-δ, PrxCe1-xCOyFe1-yO3-δ and PrxCe1-xCoyMn1-yO3-δ. In the strontium-containing perovskites, for example, the strontium is provided as a doping agent that is bound into the perovskite structure.
The aforementioned shield materials proposed to date have been perovskites, for example having a similar composition to the positive electrode layer but more reactive with chromium than the positive electrode material in order to absorb it before it reaches and reacts with the positive electrode layer. In one example where the positive electrode material is LSM, the shield layer material is LSCo (La1-xSrxCoO3-δ), but other materials are possible.
Some barrier materials are proposed in the paper by Thomas Franco et al“Diffusion and Protecting Barrier Layers in a Substrate Supported SOFC Concept”, E-Proceedings of the 7th European Fuel Cell Forum, Lucerne (2006), P0802-051. This paper also sets out additional details on the reactions occurring.
Even with these advancements, it is found that degradation of fuel cell performance remains a problem. This has led to extensive further investigations by the applicant as to the causes, from which additional positive electrode material poisons have been identified.
As a result of these investigations the applicant has found that sulphur poisons the positive electrode of an SOFC in much the same way as chromium, by forming sulphate crystals with components of the electrode material, such as strontium, and possibly destroying the chemical structure of the electrode material. It has been found that the sulphur may be derived from the oxidant supply (generally air), usually in the form of SO2, or from elsewhere in the system, for example, in the glass seals used to seal the SOFCs and gas separators together or elsewhere upstream of the positive electrode-side chamber, where the sulphur may be present as an impurity and appear as SO2 or SO3.
The further investigations have also shown that boron can act in the same way as chromium and sulphur to poison the positive electrode material in the conditions of use. Boron may be present in the system as a compound of the glass seals, but may also be present in other components of the fuel cell system exposed to the oxidant.
It is believed that other elements present in the system components, or in the oxidant supply, whether as impurities or otherwise, may also be reacting with components of the positive electrode material and poisoning the material. Possible examples of these elements include silicon.
It is clear that it would be highly desirable to alleviate reactions with the positive electrode material by poisons in the system in use of an electrochemical energy conversion cell.
The applicant's investigations into the causes of fuel cell performance degradation has revealed that in addition to poisoning of the positive electrode material, the negative electrode side also suffers from performance degradation.
Alleviating reactions with the negative electrode material by poisons in the system in use of an electrochemical energy conversion cell, and more generally alleviating cell performance degradation on the negative electrode side, is an aim of the invention described and claimed in a co-pending PCT patent application filed by the applicant concurrently herewith and claiming priority from the priority applications, entitled “Electrochemical Energy Conversion Devices and Cells, and Negative Electrode-Side Materials for them” (the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference), but will be described further herein.
SOFC negative electrode materials are generally nickel based, most commonly Ni/YSZ cermets. Other nickel cermets being used as negative electrode materials include Ni/GDC (Ni/gadolinium doped ceria), Ni/SDC (Ni/samarium doped ceria), Ni/ScSZ (Ni/scandiastabilised zirconia) and Ni/ScCeSZ (Ni/scandia ceria stabilised zirconia). Pt, Rh and Ru have all been used in place of nickel in cermet negative electrode materials, but these metals are considerably more expensive than nickel and therefore much less common.
It is well known that sulphur reacts with nickel in negative electrode materials under SOFC operating conditions to degrade the performance of the electrode, and for this reason sulphur is commonly removed from SOFC fuel sources. However, the applicant's further investigations have led to a belief that, even if sulphur is removed from the fuelsource, sulphur continues to degrade the negative electrode material. This is believed to be as a result of residual sulphur in the fuel or as a result of sulphur from elsewhere in the system, for example in the glass seals used to seal the SOFCs and gas separator or elsewhere upstream of the negative electrode, where the sulphur may be present as an impurity. Some of the reasons for degradation of the negative electrode material performance due to sulphur are believed to be: at very low sulphur levels, for example as low as 1 ppm in the gas stream, the electrode material can degrade due to surface adsorption of the sulphur on the nickel; at higher levels of sulphur, Ni—S alloys are formed: and at even higher levels of sulphur, nickel sulphides form.
The effect on SOFC anodic performance of hydrogen and hydrocarbon fuels contaminated with up to 50 ppm wet H2S was investigated by Limin Liu et al, in the paper “Sulpfur Tolerance Improvement of Ni—YSZ Anode by Alkaline Earth Metal Oxide BaO for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells”, Electrochemistry Communications 19 (2012) 63-66. In the paper it is reported that BaO infiltrated throughout the functional anode layer at a level of about 5 wt % was found to enhance the sulphur tolerance ability of the Ni—YSZ anode over the test period of 27 hours. It was concluded that water played a very crucial role in this, and that this may result from the good water dissociative absorption ability of BaO.
The applicant's further investigations on the negative electrode side have also identified that boron and phosphorus species from seals and other components of the device may be entering the atmosphere in the negative electrode-side chamber and leading to performance degradation in some way. In the case of boron at least this appears to be by promoting grain growth in the nickel or other metal of the electrode material. The phosphorus species may be reacting with the nickel and poisoning it.
Other species that have been found to be detrimental to the negative electrode-side performance, possibly as a result of reacting with and thereby poisoning the nickel, are chlorine, siloxane and selenium. These may be present on the negative electrode side as impurities, for example, in the fuel gas or the glass used for the seals.
Another problem identified on the negative electrode side is the unintended ongoing sintering of nickel in porous layers in the negative electrode-side chamber, particularly but not only in the negative electrode-side structure of the electrochemical cell, including the negative electrode material. This sintering leads to a loss of surface area in the porous layer or layers and a decrease of the triple phase boundary area of the electrode layer, resulting in degradation in electrochemical performance.
It is clear that it would be highly desirable to alleviate long-term degradation of cell performance on the negative electrode side in use of an electrochemical energy conversion cell.
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/*
* Copyright (c) 2007-2017 Xplenty, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
*
* Project and contact information: http://www.cascading.org/
*
* This file is part of the Cascading project.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package cascading.tuple.io;
import java.util.List;
import cascading.tuple.Tuple;
/** Class IndexTuple allows for managing an int index value with a Tuple instance. Used internally for co-grouping values. */
public class IndexTuple extends Tuple implements Comparable<Object>
{
int index;
Tuple tuple;
/** Constructor IndexTuple creates a new IndexTuple instance. */
public IndexTuple()
{
super( (List<Object>) null );
}
/**
* Constructor IndexTuple creates a new IndexTuple instance.
*
* @param index of type int
* @param tuple of type Tuple
*/
public IndexTuple( int index, Tuple tuple )
{
super( (List<Comparable>) null );
this.index = index;
this.tuple = tuple;
}
public void setIndex( int index )
{
this.index = index;
}
public int getIndex()
{
return index;
}
public void setTuple( Tuple tuple )
{
this.tuple = tuple;
}
public Tuple getTuple()
{
return tuple;
}
@Override
public String print()
{
return printTo( new StringBuffer() ).toString();
}
public StringBuffer printTo( StringBuffer buffer )
{
buffer.append( "{" );
buffer.append( index ).append( ":" );
tuple.printTo( buffer );
buffer.append( "}" );
return buffer;
}
public int compareTo( Object object )
{
if( object instanceof IndexTuple )
return compareTo( (IndexTuple) object );
return -1;
}
public int compareTo( IndexTuple indexTuple )
{
int c = this.index - indexTuple.index;
if( c != 0 )
return c;
return this.tuple.compareTo( indexTuple.tuple );
}
@Override
public boolean equals( Object object )
{
if( this == object )
return true;
if( object == null || getClass() != object.getClass() )
return false;
IndexTuple that = (IndexTuple) object;
if( index != that.index )
return false;
if( tuple != null ? !tuple.equals( that.tuple ) : that.tuple != null )
return false;
return true;
}
@Override
public int hashCode()
{
int result = index;
result = 31 * result + ( tuple != null ? tuple.hashCode() : 0 );
return result;
}
@Override
public String toString()
{
return "[" + index + "]" + tuple;
}
}
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20102010 E Hennepin Ave
Minneapolis
2010 East Hennepin in Northeast Minneapolis is a complex of 14 buildings on over 6 acres. The mostly brick and industrial buildings are connected by a series of tunnels as well as Minnesota's first skyway. From 1930 to 1965, 2010 East Hennepin was home to the General Mills research laboratories. It is speculated that Cheerios, Wheaties and Kix were all invented within the enormous complex. Today, the walls and floors are still painted Wheaties orange and Cheerios yellow, but artists and artisans who build everything from kiln-fired glassware to violins have replaced the cereal scientists.
With more than 172,850 square feet of industrial space in 14 buildings with exposed brick and enormous garage doors, the possibilities are virtually endless. Artists love the wide-open indoor expanses to create on a large scale. Smaller studio spaces or galleries and coffee shops would fit in perfectly with the existing community.
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Coach McBride will join the Saints after completing his fifth season as the Associate Head Men's Basketball Coach at Tusculum College in Greenville, Tennessee where he was deeply involved in all phases of the program. From daily practice planning and coaching to game preparation in decision-making, McBride played a key role in the program's daily operation. During his time at Tusculum, the team earned a national ranking, competed in the top of the South Atlantic Conference, and earned the school's first ever at-large berth in the NCAA Division II National Tournament.
Prior to coaching at Tusculum, McBride served as the Associate Head Coach at Indiana University Southeast in New Albany, Indiana from 2004-2007. While at IUS, McBride was involved in all phases of the program with an added emphasis in implementing the offensive system and developing post players. Additionally, McBride was extensively involved in practice planning, as well as game preparation and coaching. During his three years at Indiana University Southeast, the program experienced the most successful three-year span in the history of IUS basketball. Over this period, they accumulated a record of 79-22, including two regular season and tournament titles in the Kentucky Intercollegiate Athletic Conference. That success led to multiple appearances in the NAIA Division II National Tournament. During his three seasons at IUS, McBride mentored eight All-Conference selections.
As a collegiate coach, Coach McBride has served as the recruiting coordinator at both Indiana University Southeast and Tusculum College.
In addition to coaching at the collegiate level, Coach McBride served as the Head Varsity Basketball Coach at Tipton High School in Indiana for four seasons where he took on the task of rebuilding the basketball program. During the 2001 season, he guided the Blue Devils to the Class 2A Taylor Sectional Championship; their first title in over a decade.
His first stint as a collegiate coach came at Eastern Kentucky University during the 1999-2000 season, preceded by three years as head boys' varsity coach at Eminence (Ind.) High School. From 1997-1999, he also served the dual role as basketball coach and athletic director.
The Jeffersonville, Indiana native played his collegiate career at Marian University where he was an All-Conference standout (1995-1996) and was twice named to the National Association of Basketball Coaches Honors Court (1994-1996). A 1996 graduate of Marian University, where he received a Bachelor of Arts Degree in English, McBride lettered three seasons with the Knights and served as team captain during his senior season.
Coach McBride has also worked a number of basketball camps and clinics, serving as director of IUS Basketball Camp, Tipton Summer League, Tipton High School Basketball Camp and the Tipton Fall Development Camp. He has also worked with the Bloomington Red AAU Program, Five Star Basketball Camp and the Indiana University Basketball Camp.
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Celebrating Scotland: 10 Things I Love About My Country #4 – Writers
Should Scotland remain part of the UK now that we have been removed from the EU despite voting against it?
When we had the vote for Scottish Independence I voted to remain part of the UK because I was happy being Scottish, part of the UK and part of the EU. Now that it has been decided for us/against us to leave the EU my thoughts about becoming an independent Scotland have changed.
I am so proud to say I live in Scotland when I think of all the great music this amazing country has produced. So #4 in this series is Writers.
When I put this list together perhaps I didn’t think it through clearly enough as this entry is proving slightly difficult since, well, I don’t really read. Not to worry, let’s get our literature on for #4 in this series Writers.
I’ll point out first that there are a lot of great Scottish writers but perhaps what we are lacking are great Scottish readers (guilty). Looking at the vast list of brilliantly talented, literary Scots I am once again proud of my country and their achievements. Here ends the intellectual part of this post…
I did actually read quite a lot when I was younger and I would often disappear off with an Enid Blyton book and escape into another world. As I got older I became far more interested in fantasy books and soon got caught up with Stephen King, Richard Laymon and most other horror writers.
The only time I really read now is when I am on holidays and I have an “author of choice” for those times…
Stuart MacBride
There are so many crime writers out there these days and I won’t say that Stuart is the best as I’m just as sure he wouldn’t either. However, he is my favourite because he writes about places I know, places I’ve been and people I can relate to (well, maybe not the bad guys). Most of his novels are based in Aberdeen just as he was for a large period of his life. Everyone knows someone that knows him etc etc. I used to work with a lady whose husband works in an abattoir who was asked by Stuart to help him with one of his books. You can’t beat the local touch!
If you like a gritty crime novel and want to learn more about Aberdeen then Stuart is your man!
I should probably talk about Robert Louis Stevenson, Iain Banks or JM Barrie now but I’m not going to. Why? Well, every Sunday without fail or every year on Boxing Day did I read any of their work? No. What did I read at those times then?
Comics are a form of writing. If you didn’t have a writer for them then the speech bubbles would just be empty and that would be useless…
The Broons & Oor Wullie
These are my favourite two comic strips ever. Every Sunday in The Sunday Post newspaper these two comics would appear and I would patiently wait until my Dad had read the news and sport before getting to read them. In fact I can picture it now…the smell of bacon and eggs, re-runs of Little House On The Prairie or The Waltons on the television and me waiting to get my hands on the newspaper.
Not your usual comic strips – no superheroes, no talking animals – simply stories about either a typical Scottish family (The Broons) or a typical Scottish lad (Oor Wullie). Then, every Christmas there would be an extra treat as either The Broons book or The Oor Wullie book would be sitting waiting under the Christmas tree for me. I would usually have it finished by sometime between Boxing Day and Hogmanay. Simpler times…
I could at this point talk about Sir Arthur Conan Doyle who created one of the most famous detectives ever, Sherlock Holmes, but I won’t since, as you might guess I’ve never read any of his books. Let’s instead talk about someone that’s still very much alive…
Steven Moffat
Mr Moffat is credited with bringing Sir Arthur’s creation bang up to date in the television show Sherlock. That’s good and everything but as I didn’t read the books, why would I watch the television show? I’m sure it’s very good, Steven, however I am much more interested in your other character – The Doctor (but thanks ever so much for Press Gang too)…
Steven Moffat took over writing for Doctor Who from Russell T Davies a few years ago and is still going strong. A very different style from Russell in the fact that he tends to enjoy having a stronger, running theme through the episodes but it works just as well (although I may have to re-watch episodes to keep up). To say I am excited about how he introduces the new Doctor next week is an understatement of galactic proportions! Sticking with everyone’s favourite Time Lord, it’s great to think that the most successful Doctor, David Tennant and the new Doctor, Peter Capaldi both hail from Scotland. Not only that but one of the co-creators of Doctor Who, Donald Wilson, was born just 9 miles from where I was born…
So, we’re almost at the end, I can’t pretend. Hey, I’m a poet and I didn’t realise it…ahem. Last but by no means least…
Robert Burns
A Poet by any other name would write just as brilliantly (in your face Shakespeare) hence he is also known as Robbie Burns, Rabbie Burns, Scotland’s favourite son, the Ploughman Poet, Robden of Solway Firth, the Bard of Ayrshire and in Scotland as The Bard.
I’m not going to try and pretend that I know all his poems, what they all mean or even that I know all the words to Auld Lang Syne because I don’t. However, I know who he is, where he is from and I know all about Tam O’Shanter. I analyzed every line of this amazing poem at school and even had to repeat it, recite it, write it word for word and to honest at some points I really did just want to find out if Rabbie “burns”.
I am making a note to myself now that I must investigate Robert Burns so much more and make myself even more proud to be Scottish than I already am.
Also, Steven Moffat, if you are reading…Vincent & The Doctor is one of my favourite Doctor Who episodes so how about a Robert Burns episode soon? Just saying…
For anyone who watched the opening ceremony of The Glasgow 2014 Commonwealth Games which started off with a lady who got somewhat criticised for her performance (no, not Susan Boyle, that sadly came later) I am going to try to redeem her at the same time as showing off one of Rabbie Burns best poems, Tam O’Shanter. Karen Dunbar performs this brilliantly…
There we have it. Perhaps not the literary showcase it could have been but it’s my Scotland and it’s my writers!
Are you proud of your country? Let me know about it in the comments below or tweet me @SteveSays2014 and don’t forget to take a look at other posts in this series.
So Steve – what decade were you born in??? Enid Blyton, The Little House on the Prairie, The Waltons????? Or was Scotland behind the times. I grew up with them. Anyway – New Zealand’s literary heros…. my cousin Alan Duff is a well known Kiwi author – for the wrong reasons is a way. His books are violent and show the worst side of Kiwi life. Two Kiwis have won the Man Booker Prize – Keri Hulme for The Bone People – again showing the worst of life – but a better book and Eleanor Catton which is just the worst book I have ever read. Say no more
Published by Steve
I’m Steve and live in a village called Alford (home of Emeli Sande & birthplace of the Aberdeen Angus cow) in Aberdeenshire, Scotland.
I currently work in the IT industry (yawn)
I just want to share my ideas, findings and general reflections with whoever wants to listen.
View all posts by Steve
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Curious Geek. Husband. Father. Educator.
Video: DeepFish Mobile Web Browser
Here’s a 17 minute video I shot today showing off Deepfish, a new mobile web browser from Microsoft’s “Live Labs”. The video shows how Deepfish doesn’t try to squash normal-sized web pages onto your mobile device’s screen, but instead lets you scroll and pan smoothly, and zoom in to the parts of the page you want to read.
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I also compare Deepfish to the default Pocket IE browser that comes with all Windows Mobile devices, so you can see what really makes it different.
This is a beta/tech preview of Deepfish, so there are some rough edges, but it’s a very cool technology – similar to the mobile Safari browser that Steve Jobs showed off on the iPhone.
This video was shot with my Canon XH A1 HDV camcorder at 1080i, then edited in Apple iMovie 6 HD and exported as a 320×240 Quicktime video file. It weighs in at 312 MB, and was cropped from 16:9 widescreen to standard 4:3 aspect ratio (and I chopped off the sides of some of the titles/credits in the process – oops!). Here’s a direct download link to the movie file.
Let me know what you think, or if you have any questions! I don’t have any affiliation with Microsoft, but I’ll be happy to help if I can.
So do you think this represents a significant leap forwards? You seemed to have to do an awful lot of clicking to get to anything readable there. After years of browsing the web on mobile devices, I can think of nothing more irritating. I’d much rather everything was reformatted into a single column with no horizontal scrolling for reading with a vertical scroll wheel!
Neat, but I think I like Picsel better. Picsel seems faster (you have to dig around for the Samsung Windows Mobile version that works on other Windows Mobile devices, since they don’t sell directly to consumers). Microsoft should seriously consider buying out Picsel.
Hi,
I wanted to thank you for publishing this videoclip in which you tell us a bit more about Deepfish. Now I know how to handle this little software tool, it has given me a lot of browsing pleasure so far!
This video definately has helped me!
Thank you very much and keep up the good work!
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Filed 2/10/14 P. v. Berner CA6
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication
or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
THE PEOPLE, H040079
(Santa Clara County
Plaintiff and Respondent, Super. Ct. No. C1356190)
v.
CHRISTOPHER DEWEY BERNER,
Defendant and Appellant.
I. INTRODUCTION
Defendant Christopher Dewey Berner pleaded no contest to failing to update his
sex offender registration within five working days of his birthday. (Pen. Code, §290.012,
subd. (a).)1 In accordance with the plea agreement, the trial court suspended imposition
of sentence, placed defendant on probation on the condition that he serve 90 days in the
county jail, and stayed the jail term while defendant was on electronic monitoring.
Defendant filed a timely notice of appeal, and we appointed counsel to represent
him in this court. Appointed counsel has filed an opening brief that states the case and
facts but raises no issue. We notified defendant of his right to submit written argument
on his own behalf within 30 days. The 30-day period has elapsed and we have received
no response from defendant.
1
All statutory references hereafter are to the Penal Code unless otherwise
indicated.
Pursuant to People v. Wende (1979) 25 Cal.3d 436 and People v. Kelly (2006)
40 Cal.4th 106, we have reviewed the entire record. Following the California Supreme
Court’s direction in People v. Kelly, supra, at page 110, we provide “a brief description
of the facts and procedural history of the case, the crimes of which the defendant was
convicted, and the punishment imposed.”
II. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
In this case, no preliminary hearing was conducted and the waived referral report
submitted by the probation officer did not include a summary of the facts of the instant
offense.
Defendant was required to register as a sex offender pursuant to section 290 based
on a prior felony conviction for possession of child pornography in violation of section
311.11, subdivision (a). The felony complaint filed on May 3, 2013, charged defendant
with one count of willfully failing to update his sex offender registration within five
working days of his birthday. (§290.012, subd. (a).)
On June 4, 2013, defendant entered into a plea agreement whereby he pleaded no
contest to the charge of violating section 290.12, subdivision (a) in exchange for three
years of probation, 90 days on the electronic monitoring program, and a continuing
obligation to register. During the hearing held on August 9, 2013, the trial court denied
defendant’s motion pursuant to People v. Marsden (1970) 2 Cal.3d 118 and also denied
defendant’s motion to withdraw his plea.
The sentencing hearing was also held on August 9, 2013. The trial court
suspended imposition of sentence, placed defendant on probation for three years on the
condition that he serve 90 days in the county jail, and stayed the jail term while defendant
was on electronic monitoring. Due to defendant’s economic status, the trial court stated
on the record that the court declined to impose a restitution fine (§ 1202.4, subd. (b)(2))
and suspended a $240 parole revocation restitution fine (§ 1202.45). The minute order of
2
August 9, 2013, indicates that both fines were waived. The court also ordered payment
of a court security fee of $40 (§ 1465.8, subd. (a)(1)), a criminal conviction assessment
fee of $30 (Gov. Code, § 70373), and a criminal justice administration fee of $129.75 to
the City of San Jose (Gov. Code, § 29550.2). Additionally, the court directed that the the
probation supervision fee not exceed $35 per month.
III. APPEAL
On August 16, 2013, defendant filed a notice of appeal challenging the validity of
the plea. The trial court granted defendant’s request for a certificate of probable cause,
which stated: “The defendant believes that the judge abused his discretion in denying the
motion to withdraw the plea based on ineffective assistance of trial counsel. The
defendant believes that trial counsel was not competent in advising the defendant to enter
a plea of guilty and in investigating and preparing the case. Thus the plea was also
improperly induced by representations which interfered with the defendant’s ability to
make informed decisions. These issues go to the legality of the proceedings and may be
reviewed on appeal. [Citations.]”
Having carefully reviewed the entire record, we conclude that there are no
arguable issues on appeal. (People v. Wende, supra, 25 Cal.3d at pp. 441-443.)
IV. DISPOSITION
The judgment is affirmed.
3
____________________________________
BAMATTRE-MANOUKIAN, ACTING P.J.
WE CONCUR:
_________________________________
MIHARA, J.
_________________________________
GROVER, J.
4
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Huh, weird set so far. Many of the mythics feel like the typical "Intro Pack Rare", but with a slight nudge in power.
Meanwhile, the card I am so far the most giddy about is an Uncommon - Wilderness Reclamation.
In between, there are a whole lot of card that would have been super awesome back around the time of the first Ravnica block or so, but are less powerful and less exciting than things printed in the years since, and as such will often be outclassed by those better cards.
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Science Confirms Selfies Are Linked To Psychopathy
There has been a lot of talk about selfies in the media. In fact, the word selfie was recently added to Oxford’s online dictionary(link is external). But psychologists know surprisingly little about the effects of selfies or about the people who post them. A new study appearing in an upcoming issue of Personality and Individual Differences examined the relationship between selfie-posting, photo-editing and personality. Are people who post selfies on social media sites narcissistic and psychopathic, or self-objectifying, or both?
In this study, the authors examined self-objectification, along with three traits, known as the “Dark Triad”: Narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism. They’re called “dark” because they have an almost evil connotation and are associated with a callous and manipulative way of interacting with other people.Narcissism: Extreme self-centeredness and a grandiose view of oneself. Narcissists have an excessive need to be admired by others and have a sense of entitlement. They’re likely to agree with statements like “I’m more capable than most people” and “I will usually show off if I get the chance”.Psychopathy: Impulsivity and lack of empathy. Those high in psychopathy are likely to agree with statements like “Payback needs to be quick and nasty”.
Machiavellianism: Manipulative-ness without regard for others’ needs. Those high on this trait tend to have little concern about morals.
Self-objectification: This is a tendency to view your body as an object based on its sexual worth. Those high in self-objectification tend to see themselves in terms of their physical appearance and base their self-worth on their appearance.
To examine the association between selfies and personality, Fox and Rooney used data from a nationally representative sample of 1,000 men between 18 and 40 years old.1Participants completed personality questionnaires assessing the dark triad and self-objectification. They were asked how many selfies they had taken and posted on social media in the last week, as well as how many other photos they had posted and how much time they spent on social media sites. They were also asked to rate how often they used various methods to make themselves look better in pictures, such as cropping, filtering, and re-touching.
Results showed that both narcissism and self-objectification were associated with spending more time on social networking sites, and with more photo-editing. Posting numerous selfies was related to both higher narcissism and psychopathy, controlling for the overall number of other types of photos posted. Machiavellianism was unrelated to photo behavior, when taking these other variables into account.
This study suggests that narcissists are more likely to show off with selfies and make extra effort to look their best in these photos. Interestingly, psychopathic men posted more selfies, but didn’t tend to edit them more than their less psychopathic counterparts. The study’s authors speculated that this may be because they lack self-control and don’t really filter what they put on Facebook – Editing photos suggests a level of careful self-presentation that you would be unlikely to find among those high in psychopathy.
But these results also show that men who view their bodies as objects are more likely to edit their photos. Self-objectification tends to be associated with low self-esteem, quite the opposite of narcissism which is correlated with high self-esteem. But this is consistent with other findings that both narcissism and low self-esteem are related to greater Facebook use.10 It is also important to note that those high on self-objectification didn’t post more selfies - They were just more conscious about their appearance in the ones that they did post. Given the greater self-objectification tendencies of women, it would be interesting to examine these questions in a female sample as well.
But before you start accusing all your selfie-posting Facebook friends of being self-obsessed narcissists and psychopaths, realize that these correlations while statistically significant, were relatively small, and the sample studied didn’t include women.
By Gwendolyn Seidman, Ph.D. is an associate professor of psychology at Albright College, who studies relationships and cyberpsychology. Follow her on Twitter(link is external) for updates about social psychology, relationships, and online behavior.
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Q:
OS Error file path and name being changed without user interference
I am trying to read a midi file in the following manner using an in-built function from the library - mido to read such files.
mid = mido.MidiFile('..\Datasets\abel.mid')
Error:
OSError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-34-5c67b78f0caf> in <module>()
----> 1 mid = mido.MidiFile('F:\AI\Music classification\Datasets\abel.mid')
~\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\mido\midifiles\midifiles.py in __init__(self, filename, file, type, ticks_per_beat, charset, debug, clip)
313 self._load(file)
314 elif self.filename is not None:
--> 315 with io.open(filename, 'rb') as file:
316 self._load(file)
317
OSError: [Errno 22] Invalid argument: '..\\Datasets\x07bel.mid'
If we observe the last line of the error, we notice that the file name seems to have been changed. Why does this happen?
If I change the code in the following manner by adding an extra \wherever the file name seems to have been changed, then the file is read perfectly:
mid = mido.MidiFile('..\Datasets\\abel.mid')
Why is it that when I add an extra \, the code works?
A:
Python uses backslash for string escapes - which lets you define different values for a character sequence. Just as \n is a newline, \a is the hex byte 07. You can escape the backslash itself, so \\ is just a backslash. And you can use "raw" strings (e.g., `r"\a") to disable escaping all together.
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Neandertals, Modern Humans May Have Interbred, Skull Study Suggests
These differences suggest that "modern human evolution did not stop when people we call moderns appeared," he said. "There have been significant changes in human anatomy since the time we have the first modern humans."
Moreover, Trinkaus said, the unusual features suggest intermixing between modern humans and Neandertals.
The archaic features had been lost in early modern humans in Africa, he said.
Therefore, the features' reappearance in the Romanian skull either requires a reversal of evolution once modern humans reached Europe or some degree of intermixing with Neandertals, according to the study.
"It's much more likely the latter that happened," Trinkaus said.
Interpretation Questioned
Eric Delson is an anthropologist at Lehman College and the American Museum of Natural History, both in New York.
The Romanian skull is definitely a modern human's with some unusual characteristics, he agreed—but the interpretation is questionable.
"It's not very clear that the features they've located indicate interaction with Neandertals as opposed to a holdover from the more archaic past or local population differences," he said.
According to Delson, analysis of the skull with a more statistically advanced technique that looks at the entire skull shape instead of individual features might help resolve some of these issues.
Richard Potts, director of the Human Origins program at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C, said the skull shows "there is continuing evolution for the modern human skull even after humans got to Europe and other places in the world."
But, he said, as the authors point out, the skull lacks uniquely Neandertal traits and thus does not prove interbreeding. In fact, he said, similar archaic traits are found in modern human remains found in a cave in China.
Nevertheless, he added, evidence for interbreeding between modern humans and Neandertals would not be a surprise.
"Evolution has involved sloppiness of boundaries between lineages," he said. "But if [interbreeding] occurred, it is extremely rare. Otherwise, we'd find much more of a mixing."
Trinkaus has long argued that Neandertals interbred with modern humans as they spread across Europe.
The Romanian skull supports the notion that the two "got it together," he said. "For some reason, many people find that very difficult to accept."
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TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN
NO. 03-13-00543-CR
Billy Ray Byers, Appellant
v.
The State of Texas, Appellee
FROM THE DISTRICT COURT OF TRAVIS COUNTY, 427TH JUDICIAL DISTRICT
NO. D-1-DC-11-302268, THE HONORABLE BOB PERKINS, JUDGE PRESIDING
MEMORANDUM OPINION
A jury convicted appellant Billy Ray Byers of murder, see Tex. Penal Code
§ 19.02(b)(1), and assessed his punishment at confinement for life in the Texas Department of
Criminal Justice, see id. § 12.32.
Appellant’s court-appointed attorney has filed a motion to withdraw supported by a
brief concluding that the appeal is frivolous and without merit. The brief meets the requirements of
Anders v. California by presenting a professional evaluation of the record demonstrating why
there are no arguable grounds to be advanced. See Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738, 744
(1967); Garner v. State, 300 S.W.3d 763, 766 (Tex. Crim. App. 2009); see also Penson v. Ohio,
488 U.S. 75 (1988).
Appellant’s counsel sent appellant a copy of the brief along with a letter advising
appellant of his right to examine the appellate record and file a pro se brief. See Anders, 386 U.S.
at 744; Garner, 300 S.W.3d at 766. No pro se brief or other written response has been filed.
We have conducted an independent review of the record and find no reversible error.
See Anders, 386 U.S. at 744; Garner, 300 S.W.3d at 766; Bledsoe v. State, 178 S.W.3d 824, 826-27
(Tex. Crim. App. 2005). We agree with counsel that the record presents no arguably meritorious
grounds for review and the appeal is frivolous. Counsel’s motion to withdraw is granted. The trial
court’s judgment of conviction is affirmed.
__________________________________________
J. Woodfin Jones, Chief Justice
Before Chief Justice Jones, Justices Pemberton and Rose
Affirmed
Filed: July 23, 2014
Do Not Publish
2
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Rich Alther
501/05/2018
Jay Rifkin is simply the best facial specialist ever. And I've been getting body work for over 40 years, since becoming a nationally-ranked Masters Swimmer. Deep tissue massage for me is essential with a routine of strenuous exercise. What about relaxation? Thank goodness I discovered facials, but forget the average, sweet, well-meaning young person at a resort or most salons with a whisper-touch. Jay is an artist, blending a variety of materials, textures, strokes. Incredible.
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Message from Wendy
I was the 4th born into a single parent home in 1960; Vietnam took my eldest brother in the most tragic of ways. In 1973, my youngest brother was born. In 1980 I was married in a small church, 1986 our first child was born, then our second in 1988. In 1991 I separated from my spouse, never to re-unite and in 1996 finally divorced. In 2000 I graduated from nursing college. In 2001, after one year of saving pennies and quarters for the fee to sit for my national nursing exam, I passed with a generous margin. Currently I maintain a nursing license in three US states. I have never re-married. I am patiently waiting for my 2 children to provide me with grandchildren. In the mean time I have Bear, Baby kitty, Kiki kitty, Boo kitty, and white kitty.
A biography is a detailed description of someone’s life. There are some points in our life, where when we look back we can say, “That point in time, made every difference in my life”.
“I wish I had a twist tie for every mile I have walked”, that’s not what he said but that’s what I heard. Never be without twist ties or shoe laces. You never know when you might need them. They bind, they tie and as long as you have your supply you will be able to survive.
As a young, struggling single mother of two very beautiful yet very young children, I could not look past the day in which we lived; for this day we needed to clothe our bodies and eat. So from day to day I simply put one foot in front of the other, one step at a time, slowly walking to a better future. While I have never been in war or fought for my own life, I can only imagine a soldier must have the same mentality: one day at a time, one foot in front of the other, and mile after mile, until he reaches a better future. When this struggle for survival encompasses a span of years, even decades, time and circumstance cannot pass without leaving a permanent scar. The soldier’s scars are permanently fixed on his body and his soul. My scars are etched in my mind and in my spirit, forever changed.
I searched desperately for just one more twist tie, pushing aside broken door knobs, screw drivers and electrical cords in my kitchen junk drawer, “How can this be?” I moaned between tears which were always so close to the surface, “I could not have used them all, I had so many saved”! Suddenly, everything I had accomplished in the day did not matter, working my ass off for minimum wage, juggling the bills, studying for exams, apologizing and successfully begging the baby sitter to wait another week for her pay check. All of it didn’t matter. I had no twist ties. My son was absorbed in playing with a set of blocks on the living room floor. My daughter however, was standing next to me, watching the tears well up in my eyes. She wrapped her little arm around my left leg like a vice, with her thumb reaching to her mouth, her left hand reaching up to her delicate blonde hair. She always did this; soon I would hear the snapping of what little wisps of hair are left on her head. I reached down and placed my hand on her head, snuggly placing her against my thigh. My heart ached for them both, the stark knowledge of not being able to provide a better life for them, made my tears come more quickly.
I need to talk to someone, just hear another voice I thought. But what would I say? “I have no twist ties and our lives are falling apart?” My rising panic quickly overcame my pride. I reached out to the only person who might understand, Patricia.
Pat answered the phone cheerfully with her usual greeting “you are such a bitch, what do you want”? Immediately I smiled and my smile became a laugh, then I was able to speak;”I know this may sound strange, well maybe not coming from me but…I’m out of twist ties”. With an occasional sob, and shaking voice I continued. “You know how those old ladies who lived through the depression save plastic bags? They save them everywhere, plastic bags in the cabinets, plastic bags in the drawers, plastic bags under the mattress…” Pat interrupted me before I could go on, “I understand, I’ll be right over”. Within minutes Pat was at my side with a plastic baggie full of twist ties and a bottle of red wine. A most precious and severe gift any one has ever given me.
Now fast forward to present day 2013. My children are grown, happy and healthy. My son has a better understanding of the human psyche than most people, including me. My daughter is fierce and adorable, with a full head of long beautiful blonde hair. As for me, it is the smallest of pleasures that bring the most joy. And I’m still walking: warm day walks with my faithful companion “Bear”; who absolutely must pause every five feet and smell the doggy trail. I have abandoned my need for twist ties, although I have never again been without a baggie full of them. Now on our warm day walks I hunt for treasure; the perfect pine and oak logs to feed our peaceful fire on a clear cool night. Sometimes, I even walk in the city with the one woman who knows me best, Patricia.
Wendy Milne
Collaborations
The Diary of an Angel
The Diary was in my position for a short few days and in that time I was able to value it’s amazing presence. So many lives, cultures, heart aches, joy and talent laid into one enormous project. Thank you Kyp… for your vision and dedication
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Campaigns
Want to give to the DUEF for a specific purpose? Choose one of our many active campaigns.
About the Campaigns
All of us are motivated to give to our favorite charities and foundations for different reasons. To honor your giving intentions and passions, the DUEF offers several different campaigns toward which you can direct your money. It is important to remember that gifts to the Annual Loyalty Fund are vitally important as they can be directed to any area of Foundation operations, while those earmarked for specific campaigns can only be used in that area.
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#include <KlayGE/KlayGE.hpp>
#include <KFL/ErrorHandling.hpp>
#include <KFL/Util.hpp>
#include <KlayGE/Texture.hpp>
#include <KFL/Math.hpp>
#include <KlayGE/TexCompressionBC.hpp>
#include <KlayGE/ResLoader.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <vector>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;
using namespace KlayGE;
namespace
{
void DecompressNormal(std::vector<uint8_t>& res_normals, std::vector<uint8_t> const & com_normals)
{
for (size_t i = 0; i < com_normals.size() / 4; ++ i)
{
float x = com_normals[i * 4 + 2] / 255.0f * 2 - 1;
float y = com_normals[i * 4 + 1] / 255.0f * 2 - 1;
float z = sqrt(1 - x * x - y * y);
res_normals[i * 4 + 0] = static_cast<uint8_t>(MathLib::clamp(static_cast<int>((z * 0.5f + 0.5f) * 255 + 0.5f), 0, 255));
res_normals[i * 4 + 1] = com_normals[i * 4 + 1];
res_normals[i * 4 + 2] = com_normals[i * 4 + 2];
res_normals[i * 4 + 3] = 0;
}
}
void DecompressNormalMapSubresource(uint32_t width, uint32_t height, ElementFormat restored_format,
ElementInitData& restored_data, std::vector<uint8_t>& restored_data_block, ElementFormat com_format, ElementInitData const & com_data)
{
KFL_UNUSED(restored_format);
std::vector<uint8_t> normals(width * height * 4);
if (IsCompressedFormat(com_format))
{
std::unique_ptr<TexCompression> tex_codec;
switch (com_format)
{
case EF_BC3:
tex_codec = MakeUniquePtr<TexCompressionBC3>();
break;
case EF_BC5:
tex_codec = MakeUniquePtr<TexCompressionBC5>();
break;
default:
KFL_UNREACHABLE("Compression formats other than BC3 and BC5 are not supported");
}
for (uint32_t y_base = 0; y_base < height; y_base += 4)
{
for (uint32_t x_base = 0; x_base < width; x_base += 4)
{
uint32_t argb[16];
if (EF_BC5 == com_format)
{
uint16_t gr[16];
tex_codec->DecodeBlock(gr, static_cast<uint8_t const *>(com_data.data) + ((y_base / 4) * width / 4 + x_base / 4) * 16);
for (int i = 0; i < 16; ++ i)
{
argb[i] = (gr[i] & 0xFF00) | ((gr[i] & 0xFF) << 16);
}
}
else
{
BOOST_ASSERT(EF_BC3 == com_format);
tex_codec->DecodeBlock(argb, static_cast<uint8_t const *>(com_data.data) + ((y_base / 4) * width / 4 + x_base / 4) * 16);
}
for (int y = 0; y < 4; ++ y)
{
if (y_base + y < height)
{
for (int x = 0; x < 4; ++ x)
{
if (x_base + x < width)
{
std::memcpy(&normals[((y_base + y) * width + (x_base + x)) * 4], &argb[y * 4 + x], sizeof(uint32_t));
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
else
{
if (EF_GR8 == com_format)
{
uint8_t const * gr_data = static_cast<uint8_t const *>(com_data.data);
for (uint32_t y = 0; y < height; ++ y)
{
for (uint32_t x = 0; x < width; ++ x)
{
normals[(y * width + x) * 4 + 0] = 0;
normals[(y * width + x) * 4 + 1] = gr_data[y * com_data.row_pitch + x * 2 + 1];
normals[(y * width + x) * 4 + 2] = gr_data[y * com_data.row_pitch + x * 2 + 0];
normals[(y * width + x) * 4 + 3] = 0xFF;
}
}
}
else
{
BOOST_ASSERT(EF_ABGR8 == com_format);
uint8_t const * abgr_data = static_cast<uint8_t const *>(com_data.data);
for (uint32_t y = 0; y < height; ++ y)
{
for (uint32_t x = 0; x < width; ++ x)
{
normals[(y * width + x) * 4 + 0] = 0;
normals[(y * width + x) * 4 + 1] = abgr_data[y * com_data.row_pitch + x * 4 + 1];
normals[(y * width + x) * 4 + 2] = abgr_data[y * com_data.row_pitch + x * 4 + 0];
normals[(y * width + x) * 4 + 3] = 0xFF;
}
}
}
}
if (restored_format != EF_ARGB8)
{
std::vector<uint8_t> argb8_normals(width * height * 4);
ResizeTexture(&argb8_normals[0], width * 4, width * height * 4, EF_ARGB8, width, height, 1, &normals[0], width * 4,
width * height * 4, restored_format, width, height, 1, TextureFilter::Point);
normals.swap(argb8_normals);
}
restored_data_block.resize(width * height * 4);
restored_data.row_pitch = width * 4;
restored_data.slice_pitch = width * height * 4;
restored_data.data = &restored_data_block[0];
DecompressNormal(restored_data_block, normals);
}
void Normal2NaLength(std::string const & in_file, std::string const & out_file, ElementFormat new_format)
{
TexturePtr in_tex = LoadSoftwareTexture(in_file);
auto const in_type = in_tex->Type();
auto const in_width = in_tex->Width(0);
auto const in_height = in_tex->Height(0);
auto const in_depth = in_tex->Depth(0);
auto const in_num_mipmaps = in_tex->NumMipMaps();
auto const in_array_size = in_tex->ArraySize();
auto const in_format = in_tex->Format();
auto const & in_data = checked_cast<SoftwareTexture&>(*in_tex).SubresourceData();
TexCompressionBC4 bc4_codec;
std::vector<std::vector<uint8_t>> level_lengths(in_num_mipmaps * in_array_size);
std::vector<ElementInitData> new_data(level_lengths.size());
for (size_t array_index = 0; array_index < in_array_size; ++ array_index)
{
ElementInitData restored_data;
std::vector<uint8_t> restored_data_block;
if (in_format != EF_ARGB8)
{
DecompressNormalMapSubresource(in_width, in_height, EF_ARGB8, restored_data, restored_data_block, in_format, in_data[array_index * in_num_mipmaps]);
}
else
{
restored_data = in_data[array_index * in_num_mipmaps];
}
std::vector<float3> the_normals(in_width * in_height);
ResizeTexture(&the_normals[0], in_width * sizeof(float3), in_width * in_height * sizeof(float3), EF_BGR32F, in_width, in_height,
1, restored_data.data, restored_data.row_pitch, restored_data.slice_pitch, EF_ARGB8, in_width, in_height, 1,
TextureFilter::Point);
{
if (IsCompressedFormat(new_format))
{
new_data[array_index * in_num_mipmaps + 0].row_pitch = (in_width + 3) / 4 * 8;
new_data[array_index * in_num_mipmaps + 0].slice_pitch = (in_width + 3) / 4 * (in_height + 3) / 4 * 8;
std::vector<uint8_t>& new_lengths = level_lengths[array_index * in_num_mipmaps + 0];
new_lengths.resize(new_data[array_index * in_num_mipmaps + 0].slice_pitch);
new_data[array_index * in_num_mipmaps + 0].data = &new_lengths[0];
array<uint8_t, 16> uncom_len;
uncom_len.fill(255);
BC4Block len_bc4;
bc4_codec.EncodeBlock(&len_bc4, &uncom_len[0], TCM_Quality);
uint32_t dest = 0;
for (uint32_t y_base = 0; y_base < in_height; y_base += 4)
{
for (uint32_t x_base = 0; x_base < in_width; x_base += 4)
{
if (EF_BC4 == new_format)
{
std::memcpy(&new_lengths[dest], &len_bc4, sizeof(len_bc4));
dest += sizeof(len_bc4);
}
else
{
BOOST_ASSERT(EF_BC1 == new_format);
BC1Block len_bc1;
BC4ToBC1G(len_bc1, len_bc4);
std::memcpy(&new_lengths[dest], &len_bc1, sizeof(len_bc1));
dest += sizeof(len_bc1);
}
}
}
}
else
{
new_data[array_index * in_num_mipmaps + 0].row_pitch = in_width * sizeof(uint8_t);
new_data[array_index * in_num_mipmaps + 0].slice_pitch = in_width * in_height * sizeof(uint8_t);
std::vector<uint8_t>& new_lengths = level_lengths[array_index * in_num_mipmaps + 0];
new_lengths.resize(new_data[array_index * in_num_mipmaps + 0].slice_pitch, 255);
new_data[array_index * in_num_mipmaps + 0].data = &new_lengths[0];
}
}
uint32_t the_width = in_width;
uint32_t the_height = in_height;
for (uint32_t level = 1; level < in_num_mipmaps; ++ level)
{
uint32_t new_width = std::max(the_width / 2, 1U);
uint32_t new_height = std::max(the_height / 2, 1U);
std::vector<float3> new_normals(new_width * new_height);
if (IsCompressedFormat(new_format))
{
new_data[array_index * in_num_mipmaps + level].row_pitch = (new_width + 3) / 4 * 8;
new_data[array_index * in_num_mipmaps + level].slice_pitch = (new_width + 3) / 4 * (new_height + 3) / 4 * 8;
}
else
{
new_data[array_index * in_num_mipmaps + level].row_pitch = new_width * sizeof(uint8_t);
new_data[array_index * in_num_mipmaps + level].slice_pitch = new_width * new_height * sizeof(uint8_t);
}
std::vector<uint8_t>& new_lengths = level_lengths[array_index * in_num_mipmaps + level];
new_lengths.resize(new_data[array_index * in_num_mipmaps + level].slice_pitch);
new_data[array_index * in_num_mipmaps + level].data = &new_lengths[0];
uint32_t dest = 0;
for (uint32_t y_base = 0; y_base < new_height; y_base += 4)
{
for (uint32_t x_base = 0; x_base < new_width; x_base += 4)
{
array<uint8_t, 16> uncom_len;
for (uint32_t y = 0; y < 4; ++ y)
{
uint32_t y0 = MathLib::clamp((y_base + y) * 2 + 0, 0U, the_height - 1);
uint32_t y1 = MathLib::clamp((y_base + y) * 2 + 1, 0U, the_height - 1);
for (uint32_t x = 0; x < 4; ++ x)
{
uint32_t x0 = MathLib::clamp((x_base + x) * 2 + 0, 0U, the_width - 1);
uint32_t x1 = MathLib::clamp((x_base + x) * 2 + 1, 0U, the_width - 1);
float3 new_n = (the_normals[y0 * the_width + x0] + the_normals[y0 * the_width + x1]
+ the_normals[y1 * the_width + x0] + the_normals[y1 * the_width + x1]) * 0.25f;
float len = MathLib::length(new_n);
uncom_len[y * 4 + x] = static_cast<uint8_t>(MathLib::clamp(static_cast<int>(len * 255.0f + 0.5f), 0, 255));
if ((x_base + x < new_width) && (y_base + y < new_height))
{
new_normals[(y_base + y) * new_width + (x_base + x)] = new_n;
}
}
}
if (IsCompressedFormat(new_format))
{
BC4Block len_bc4;
bc4_codec.EncodeBlock(&len_bc4, &uncom_len[0], TCM_Quality);
if (EF_BC4 == new_format)
{
std::memcpy(&new_lengths[dest], &len_bc4, sizeof(len_bc4));
dest += sizeof(len_bc4);
}
else
{
BOOST_ASSERT(EF_BC1 == new_format);
BC1Block len_bc1;
BC4ToBC1G(len_bc1, len_bc4);
std::memcpy(&new_lengths[dest], &len_bc1, sizeof(len_bc1));
dest += sizeof(len_bc1);
}
}
else
{
for (uint32_t y = 0; y < 4; ++ y)
{
for (uint32_t x = 0; x < 4; ++ x)
{
if ((x_base + x < new_width) && (y_base + y < new_height))
{
new_lengths[(y_base + y) * new_width + (x_base + x)] = uncom_len[y * 4 + x];
}
}
}
}
}
}
the_width = new_width;
the_height = new_height;
the_normals.swap(new_normals);
}
}
TexturePtr out_tex = MakeSharedPtr<SoftwareTexture>(in_type, in_width, in_height, in_depth,
in_num_mipmaps, in_array_size, new_format, true);
out_tex->CreateHWResource(new_data, nullptr);
SaveTexture(out_tex, out_file);
}
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
if (argc < 3)
{
cout << "Usage: Normal2NaLength xxx.dds yyy.dds [BC4 | BC1 | R]" << endl;
return 1;
}
std::string in_file = ResLoader::Instance().Locate(argv[1]);
if (in_file.empty())
{
cout << "Couldn't locate " << in_file << endl;
Context::Destroy();
return 1;
}
ElementFormat new_format = EF_BC4;
if (argc >= 4)
{
std::string format_str(argv[3]);
if ("BC4" == format_str)
{
new_format = EF_BC4;
}
else if ("BC1" == format_str)
{
new_format = EF_BC1;
}
else if ("R" == format_str)
{
new_format = EF_R8;
}
}
Normal2NaLength(in_file, argv[2], new_format);
cout << "Na Length map is saved to " << argv[2] << endl;
Context::Destroy();
return 0;
}
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Frightfully Easy Ghost Cookies
Halloween is just around the corner and what better way to celebrate All Hallows’ Eve than with these spooky ghost cookies! With only FOUR ingredients, you’ll find that they are frighfully easy to make.
Instructions
In a small saucepan on medium heat, melt the white chocolate chips with 1 tablespoon of shortening stirring constantly until smooth. (The shortening helps thin out the chocolate so it won’t be so thick. Do not use water or butter–just shortening). Once it’s melted, if you find it is still too thick, add an additional 1/2 tablespoon of shortening. If you “over melt” it, it will burn the chocolate and the chocolate will start to harden instead of soften.I learned this the hard way
Line a cookie sheet with waxed paper.
Dip the cookie in the chocolate. I use my fingers for this process (clean ones, of course–and resist licking them!!) but you can use tongs. Fingers seem to work best for me. Dip the whole cookie into the chocolate allowing it to drizzle a moment over the bowl before laying it out on the wax paper. If you see a bare spot on the chocolate, while the cookie is still wet, dab some more chocolate on them with your finger.
Immediately place 2 mini chocolate chips on the cookies to form eyes.
Let stand about 15 minutes or until set. For a quicker method, place cookies in the fridge to set.
In a small saucepan on medium heat, melt the white chocolate chips with 1 tablespoon of shortening stirring constantly until smooth. (The shortening helps thin out the chocolate so it won’t be so thick. Do not use water or butter–just shortening). Once it's melted, if you find it is still too thick, add an additional 1/2 tablespoon of shortening. If you “over melt” it, it will burn the chocolate and the chocolate will harden instead of soften. I learned this the hard way :(
Line a cookie sheet with waxed paper.
Dip the cookie in the chocolate.
I use my fingers for this process (clean ones, of course–and resist licking them!!) but you can use tongs. Fingers seem to work best for me. Dip the whole cookie into the chocolate allowing it to drizzle a moment over the bowl before laying it out on the wax paper. If you see a bare spot on the chocolate, while the cookie is still wet, dab some more chocolate on them with your finger.
Immediately place 2 mini chocolate chips on the cookies to form eyes.
Let stand about 15 minutes or until set. For a quicker method, place cookies in the fridge to set.
Oh, How Pinteresting
Meet the Bakerette Team
Cecelia of CeceliasGoodStuff.com: I'm excited to announce Cecelia's cookbook titled “Good Food for Good People” will be coming soon. It is filled with delicious, easy, healthy recipes that will inspire you to share your love through cooking.
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Vertidrive M3 Sandblasting Robot for Ship Hulls, Water Tankers
Meet the Vertidrive sandblasting robot from BlastOne: a machine that can climb and blast vertical surfaces such as water tanks, ship hulls, and other large steel structures. It has magnets on each of its wheels and a continuously oscillating arm that can carry up to 3 blast nozzles.
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PC version of new Thief will not be a console copy
Stephane Roy from Eidos Montreal says that the PC version of the new Thief will not be just a console copy. Instead, they will be making the PC version as a PC gamer would want to play the game. Playing the game with the keyboard and the mouse is different.
The new Thief revival has been one of the most eagerly awaited projects to get off the ground in a long time. Eidos has confirmed that it will be a next generation console and PC-only release. The news coming out of Eidos Montreal is good for PC gamers, as it would appear that the developer is going to spend the time necessary to deliver a PC version that is unique from the console version, which is great news for PC gamers.
Other than the new Thief title is to arrive at some point next year, we know very little about the new title. Sources tell us that we should expect to know more after E3.
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Right Age for Orthodontics
While the American Association of Orthodontics recommends that patients should have their first orthodontic exam by the age of seven, it does not necessarily mean every 7 year-old will require braces. We typically will recommend orthodontic treatment for our younger patients in cases where we can manage skeletal growth to optimize facial and dental development.
Typical signs of the need for an orthodontic exam may include, but are not limited to the early or late loss of teeth, difficulty in chewing, mouth-breathing, finger sucking, crowded teeth, jaw dysfunction, a sunken or protruding jaw or misaligned teeth. Signs of potential orthodontic problems may not be obvious. Our initial exams are at no charge and are the most sensible means of ensuring proper oral health.
Interceptive care refers to orthodontic treatment at an age before all of the permanent teeth have erupted. This typically at occurs between the ages of 7 and 9. We can often correct major problems with occlusion such as crossbites or severe skeletal structural issues, as well as incisor alignment, when they are causing emotional distress at this age. Early treatment can make subsequent Phase II treatment more productive and ensure better results.
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Update on Watarrka National Park region
Northern Territory Parks and wildlife commission have advised closures to rim walk at Kings Canyon due to extreme heat and have evacuated Kings Canyon Resort due to fires in the area and as a precautionary measure.
Latest updates advise:
Fires are continuing to burn in an area approximately 10 km east of the Kings Canyon Resort near the turnoff to Kings Canyon itself.The Parks and Wildlife Commission NT is continuing to monitor the fire and urge visitors to stay out of the day use area.There continues to be a lot of fire activity around Watarrka National Park and motorists are urged to refrain from driving through this area until further notice.
Most importantly all passengers are safe and sound; Adventure Tours are taking all necessary steps to ensure the safety of all passengers. Any tours en route will have an amended itinerary to divert from the current conditions in Watarrka National Park.
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package cm.aptoide.pt.app.view;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView;
import cm.aptoide.pt.R;
import cm.aptoide.pt.app.AppViewSimilarApp;
import cm.aptoide.pt.app.view.similar.SimilarAppClickEvent;
import java.text.DecimalFormat;
import java.util.List;
import rx.subjects.PublishSubject;
/**
* Created by franciscocalado on 11/05/18.
*/
public class AppViewSimilarAppsAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<AppViewSimilarAppViewHolder> {
private List<AppViewSimilarApp> similarApps;
private DecimalFormat oneDecimalFormater;
private PublishSubject<SimilarAppClickEvent> appClicked;
private SimilarAppType type;
public AppViewSimilarAppsAdapter(List<AppViewSimilarApp> similarApps,
DecimalFormat oneDecimalFormater, PublishSubject<SimilarAppClickEvent> appClicked,
SimilarAppType type) {
this.similarApps = similarApps;
this.oneDecimalFormater = oneDecimalFormater;
this.appClicked = appClicked;
this.type = type;
}
@Override
public AppViewSimilarAppViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup viewGroup, int viewType) {
return new AppViewSimilarAppViewHolder(LayoutInflater.from(viewGroup.getContext())
.inflate(R.layout.displayable_grid_ad, viewGroup, false), oneDecimalFormater, appClicked);
}
@Override public void onBindViewHolder(AppViewSimilarAppViewHolder appViewSimilarAppViewHolder,
int position) {
if (similarApps.get(position) != null) {
appViewSimilarAppViewHolder.setSimilarApp(similarApps.get(position), type);
}
}
@Override public int getItemViewType(int position) {
return similarApps.get(position)
.getNetworkAdType();
}
@Override public int getItemCount() {
return similarApps.size();
}
public void update(List<AppViewSimilarApp> apps) {
similarApps = apps;
notifyDataSetChanged();
}
public enum SimilarAppType {
APPC_SIMILAR_APPS("appc_similar_apps"), SIMILAR_APPS("similar_apps");
private final String description;
SimilarAppType(String description) {
this.description = description;
}
public String getDescription() {
return description;
}
}
}
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Frontier Group Project
Set between its tropical Caribbean and Pacific coasts, Costa Rica is one of the most breath-taking countries in the world. Even though it covers just 0.03% of the world’s landmass, it is home to an incredible 500,000 species including jaguars, spider monkeys and five types of turtle. This is the highest density of species of any country in the world.
Frontier interns are carrying out groundbreaking survey work, exploring Costa Rica's remote habitats and helping to combat the effects of global warming by establishing a baseline against which future protected area management can be assessed. On this project you will live in a wilderness camp set in dense tropical forest on the shores of the Pacific Ocean next to pristine turtle beaches.
You'll live and work with other enthusiastic and energetic staff, interns and volunteers at a basic research camp near some of Costa Rica's most impressive protected areas. You'll carry out crucial surveys that are being used to find out how climate change is affecting endangered species and threatened habitats. Jaguars, sloths, Howler Monkeys and Harpy Eagles are just a fraction of the species here that are under threat; it is your job to help find out how to best protect these species and preserve their environment whilst gaining experience towards a career in conservation.
Join this incredible project to discover a world of fragile beauty and help safeguard Costa Rica's precious wildlife and exceptional habitats for future generations.
PROJECT HIGHLIGHTS
Work alongside and shadow experienced field staff;
Help to preserve Costa Rica's abundant and unique biodiversity ;
Extend your field work experience in the wildlife conservation sector in this global biodiversity hotspot
WHAT WILL I BE DOING?
You will be working in the Pacific rainforests and beaches near Corcovado, one of the most remote parks in Costa Rica. Home to one of the largest tropical primary lowland rainforests in the world, the Corcovado National Park is also the habitat of a large range of endangered plant and animal species. Dense rainforest creates a dramatic habitat for hundreds of bird and mammal species, along with a high population of marine turtles nesting on the beaches each year (please note there are no turtles at this site from December to April).
Work will include extensive baseline biodiversity surveys as well as walking primate transects to spot the White-faced Capuchin Monkeys, Squirrel Monkeys, Jeffries Spider Monkey and Mantled Howler Monkey which thrive in these biologically rich forests. You will also be surveying populations of exotic birds, insects and amphibians, patrolling turtle nesting beaches (remember, there are no turtles in this region from December to April), or tracking big cats.
You will be working to compose complete species lists and to advance management plans for the primary rainforest and species found here. Components of the work programme include zoological work focused on observational methodologies such as:
Sea turtle monitoring
Volunteers patrol two beaches close to camp. The patrols not only help to gather valuable population data of the endangered marine turtles, but also serve to discourage poachers and predators trying to raid nests and collect eggs. The two species of turtle most frequently observed are the Olive Ridley and the Pacific Green Turtle. During peak nesting season (July-November), turtles found nesting on the beach at night are tagged and given a health check. In the afternoon we conduct nest cleanings which involve checking the hatched nests to assess reproductive success after the hatchlings have emerged. Total clutch size, number of successfully hatched eggs and the number and stage of development of un-hatched eggs are recorded. Any hatchlings that might have remained trapped in the next chamber are freed and placed on the beach to allow them to reach the sea.
Primate (and other mammal) surveys
Mammals are social animals and frequently travel in pairs or groups. The most abundant mammal species found in the area are the four species of monkey: Squirrel Monkey, Mantled Howler Monkey, Jeffries Spider Monkey and White-faced Capuchin Monkey. A variety of other mammal species are commonly seen in the area and their presence is also recorded through the range of prints found on the muddy forest trails. Forest walks are regularly conducted during which all species are recorded to create a species list. When groups of mammals are encountered, group size is also noted as well as their behaviour.
Big cat monitoring
Pumas, jaguars and Ocelots are also present in the region. These species are elusive and sightings are rare however they can still be monitored by studying their tracks and faeces. Any signs are recorded in order to better understand the abundance and distribution of big cats in the area. This data is crucial in order to assess the effectiveness of conservation measures, and in particular whether the extent of wildlife corridors between protected areas is sufficient to ensure the long term survival of big cat populations in Costa Rica.
Tracks and scats
In addition to the surveys which use direct observations, we also record indirect evidence of mammals through the identification of tracks and scats. Frequently sighted prints include those of pumas, agoutis, peccaries, armadillos, coatis and the rare Neotropical river otter. These walks take place both along the forest trails and along the river. The GPS location, size and abundance of the tracks are recorded and this information can then be used to map the presence of many mammals which are elusive and thus rarely observed in the forest. This also contributes to our knowledge of the use of the area as a biological corridor for mammals with large ranges, such as pumas.
Forest amphibian surveys
Costa Rican amphibians are a diverse group and are amongst one of the most sensitive to climate change due to their use of small microhabitats and the porous nature of their skin. Declines have already been seen amongst amphibian groups due to reductions in pool sizes, shortened rain fall seasons and increased temperatures increasing bacterial growth and disease transmission. The sensitive nature of amphibians to altered climatic variables makes them an excellent indicator group for studying the effects of changing climates. The primary forest blocks where the Frontier camp is situated have a range of leaf litter frog species. As these groups lay their eggs in leaf litter, increasing decomposition rates due to increasing temperature can eliminate their breeding habitat to the point that reproduction of an entire population can be threatened. Our survey study aims to determine the species composition across an altitudinal gradient. In the long term, the effects of rising temperatures on forest amphibians could be assessed.
Point surveys for bird species
Bring your binoculars and set your alarm early and you can join in our bird surveys which take place at the lagoon on Pejeperro beach. Many of Costa Rica’s beautiful birds can be found here, as well as several migratory species. Frequently sighted are pink Roseate Spoonbills, several species of herons, egrets, scarlet macaws and, if you’re lucky, ospreys!
Bird counts are a commonly used method of identifying avian species composition in an area. A pilot study was recently initiated to carry out bird call counts along trails throughout the forest in order to get a better idea of species diversity and abundance.
The long term goal of this project is to investigate and provide data for models of ecosystem migration and species displacement due to climate change and the subsequent implications of climate change upon Costa Rica's network of protected areas. The project addresses four important questions in order to safeguard the future of Costa Rica's economically and biologically important natural heritage:
What effect is global warming having on the biodiversity within Costa Rica's system of protected areas?
What future effect is global warming likely to have on the biodiversity within Costa Rica's system of protected areas?
Is there adequate existing connectivity between habitat blocks within Costa Rica, and within the Mesoamerican hotspot as a whole, to allow ecosystem migration?
What conservation efforts can and need to be put in place to ensure the continued existence, where possible, of the ecosystems which typify the natural habitats of Costa Rica?
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN I ARRIVE?
If you arrive on a Monday before 12:00pm, you will be greeted at Puerto Jimenez airport or bus station by a Frontier staff member and escorted by local bus to the project camp. If arriving after 12:00pm on a Monday or at any time on any other day, a pick-up can be arranged for an additional $40.
WHERE WILL I BE STAYING?
Life on camp is a unique experience! You will be staying in simple, shared, mixed-sex eco-cabins amidst the jungles near to Carate. This is a jungle research camp, so you may sometimes find yourself sleeping in a tent or in a hammock – a mosquito net is an absolute must! We have tried to keep the camp in harmony with its pristine surroundings, so conditions are simple, but environmentally friendly and comfortable.
The camp is situated about 5 minutes walk from Playa Carate, a beach which stretches for over 20 miles all the way into Corcovado National Park. There are cool, refreshing showers and environmentally friendly, composting toilets on camp too. You’ll be feeling one with the jungle before you know it!
Check out our camp tour video!
Check out our video on Frontier Gap Year TV from Costa Rica, showing you volunteer life on the Osa Peninsula.
WHAT WILL I BE EATING?
We feel it is very important to support the local economy, so most of our supplies are sourced locally. This means we do not have access to everyone’s preferred foods and much of what we eat is seasonal and fresh. Costa Rican food is delicious, with a focus on rice, beans and good quality fruit and vegetables.
Cooking and cleaning are carried out communally on a rotational basis, so everybody will be responsibility for meal preparation. You will have the opportunity to learn how to cook the national staple food, gallo pinto, consisting of fried rice and black beans. Another dish that is simple to prepare with local ingredients and is often eaten on camp is light and crispy tortillas stuffed with refried beans and vegetables.
There are no refrigeration facilities for meat, fish and dairy, so the team takes the environmentally friendly option of vegetarianism during their time on project. If this sounds worrying to you, not to worry, as volunteers regularly make delicious comfort foods such as pizza, falafel-style burgers, curries with homemade chapattis and ginger and cinnamon cakes to name but a few. Get creative! There is also powdered milk to satisfy you avid tea-drinkers.
Much of the fresh water in the streams surrounding the camp and on the peninsula are safe to drink and it’s important to remember to keep hydrated. Just be sure to check with staff first.
Costa Rica is also world famous for its coffee and it represents the country’s biggest export, so coffee lovers will have plenty of opportunities to get their hands on some. Luxuries like chocolate and packet soup are available in the town nearby, but it is worth bringing some of your favourite treats out with you as well as any herbs or spices. It is recommended that you buy snacks when in town (cereal bars, biscuits etc) for mid-morning sugar dips or to give you energy on long treks.
ADDITIONAL OPPORTUNITIES
Costa Rica provides everything you could ever desire for an action packed and eye opening gap year or eco break. You may wish to explore some of the activities and unforgettable sights that are on offer here whether it is in your spare time, or even in a few extra days spent in this spectacular country at the beginning or end of the project. There are so many possibilities to explore – here are just a few suggestions! Try white water rafting, river kayaking, or even ocean kayaking – all activities that Costa Rica is famous for whether you are an expert or a compete novice.
If you have a head for heights see the landscape stretch out beneath you from above with a canopy tree top tour, or even an aerial tram! Other adventure activities that are on offer include biking, hiking, snorkelling and even bungee jumping! For something more sedate, there are butterfly and insect farms – fascinating for those with an interest in the natural world. The Costa Rica camp is also close to the border with Panama so you could always add another country onto your list by heading to this fascinating country too.
Alternatively you may wish to visit the Frontier house or local hostel in Puerto Jimenez ($7.50 per day, food not included). Costa Rica really does have something for everyone – you will never be short of ways to enjoy your spare time!
* Please note that you will need to cover your own costs for extra activities.
Kayaking
Learn more about one of the most biologically intense places on earth as you explore solitary beaches, beautiful rivers, mountains, waterfalls, farms and amazing diversity of wildlife on a guided kayak tour. You will have the unique opportunity to explore the mangroves from the water, and then paddle towards the sea where you may encounter dolphins, sea turtles, fish and ocean birds. You can kayak individually, in a group or with a guide who will teach you more about the incredible mangrove and coastal environment of Costa Rica.
Wildlife Sanctuary
Visit this remote wildlife sanctuary which is providing wildlife rescue and rehabilitation for orphaned, injured and displaced animals indigenous to south Costa Rica. The sanctuary promotes conservation through education and community involvement and work promote the maintenance of natural biodiversity. The sanctuary run a public education programme and you have the opportunity to visit the organisation for a day to see the animals, meet and chat with staff and walk around 700 acres of local forest land.
In-country
AIRPORT INFORMATION
Nearest airport(s):
Puerto Jimenez (PJM)
WHAT'S NOT INCLUDED
Flights
Flights are not included in our project costs. However, Frontier have partnered with an experienced and professional team of travel experts to help our volunteers find the best flight deals for their trips with Frontier. This travel specialist operates in the tailor-made, long haul multi-stop travel market, arranging complex airfares and transfers for independent travellers. They provide expertise, security and a vast product range along with a Travel Butler service which is a single point of contact and support whilst you are overseas.
We recommend that you obtain a quote using the following contact details rather than book online, as our partner will offer you the most competitive fares. To receive your quote or to seek any advice for your flights, please contact Frontier’s dedicated team of travel experts on 0800 082 9994 (or +44 800 082 9994 outside the UK) or email frontier@flightcentre.co.uk
.
Visas
Depending on your destination country and your country of origin, you might require a visa. Please see the appropriate country consular website for details or contact our affiliate visa consultancy service. Please note that your visa will usually start on the date that you enter the destination country regardless of when it was issued. Please check with the relevant embassy or high commission. If you are purchasing your visa or paying entry/exit fees in-country you will probably need to pay in US Dollars. If you have any questions please consult the relevant embassy or high commission. Please check the visa information regularly, as changes often happen without warning.
Insurance
You'll need to buy appropriate travel insurance covering your participation on the
project. You won't be able to go without the right travel insurance so double check
to avoid disappointment. Please make sure that you're covered for the whole duration
of your trip – from the day you leave the UK to the day you return. It's also best
to get your travel insurance at the same time as paying the deposit for your project.
Depending on your policy, this will cover you for any unexpected cancellations.
Cancellation and curtailment of your trip (up to the value of your project contribution).
If you are going to be scuba diving you should get coverage for scuba diving up
to 30m, including hyperbaric therapy treatment (unlimited). You should consider
obtaining insurance to cover you for any additional activities which you plan to
do during, before, or after your Frontier project. We recommend that you obtain
cover for your baggage and personal effects.
LEGAL STATEMENT
Frontier Partner Projects and Frontier group projects are run in partnership with
in-country NGOs, small community based organisations, local research institutes,
academic organisations and conservation agencies. Project descriptions and information
are supplied directly by our partners or field staff and are accurate at time of
publishing.
We aim to keep information up to date and accurate, however, the nature of our projects
and in particular the fact that they are constantly evolving and developing in response
to changing needs means that project activities, travel schedules, tour itineraries
and daily timetables can change overnight and without notice.
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#include "Swift_watchOS_Native/Swift_watchOS_Native_base.xcconfig"
VALIDATE_PRODUCT = YES
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Ride-On Mower Warranties†: Coil-Over-Shocks and all suspension-related components are covered for 5 years (60 months), for unlimited hours. We are committed to providing performance, productivity and durability.
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REVIEW The is the first installment of Anal Angels, a new backdoor series that Elegant Angel started about a year ago. Although the video was released in 2001, the DVD version is brand new. At the time this review was written, two more installments of Anal Angels have been released. There really is no plot here worth mentioning. At the beginning of each scene, the male performer appears after a tease sequence. The guy is always dressed in black and wears matching sunglasses. He tells the starlet that he is their "anal angel" and is there to bring them pleasure. The box cover wisely ignores this ridiculous premise, and characterizes the girls themselves as "anal angels." SCENE ONE Scene one features a Bridgette Kerkove, a familiar face (and ass!) to raincoaters. And to keep everything on a even keel, the scene takes place in Elegant Angel's familiar bedroom set. Bridgette has long hair here and nude except for black stockings and heels. Ms. Kerkove breasts are the "enhanced" version here. Overall, she looks OK, but not exceptional.
Starring Shelbee Myne, Charlie, Mandy Mystery, Envy, and Bridgett Kerkove with Pat Myne, Bobby Vitale, Chris Charming and Dante. Directed by Pat Myne SCENE ONE : Bridgett Kerkove and Bobby Vitale. The scene starts with some original music and Bridgett posing in front of a mirror, before putting on some stockings. She lies down on a bed and soon gets woken up by the guy. He goes down on her and rims her. He fucks her pussy before he fucks her ass, she gives an A2M bj, and gets more anal. She gapes a bit as well before getting a facial. --I have seen Bridgett numerous times, but I dont remember her looking this good. She has large tits, large lips (mouth), and a bald pussy (in this scene), for those of you who have never seen her, plus shes a blonde. Not only does she look great, but she also performs very solidly as well. The guy also performs well. This is a simple scene, with very excellently captured sex. Great way to open up a film, now to see if the rest of the film will be as good SCENE TWO : Charlie and Dante.
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Peripheral Inflammatory Biomarkers for Myocardial Infarction Risk: A Prospective Community-Based Study.
Most previous studies regarding chronic inflammation and risk of myocardial infarction (MI) have lacked repeated measures of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and/or white blood cell (WBC) count over time. We examined whether cumulative average and longitudinal changes in these biomarkers were associated with subsequent MI risk. In this prospective, community-based study, we included 82544 Chinese participants [66796 men and 15748 women; mean (SD) age 55.1 (9.86) y] without prior cardiovascular diseases or cancer at baseline (2006-2007). hs-CRP, WBC and other clinical covariates were assessed at baseline and every 2 years during follow-up. During 6 years of follow-up (2006-2012), we documented 714 incident MI cases. Higher baseline and cumulative average concentrations of hs-CRP and/or WBC were consistently associated with increased risk of MI (Ptrend <0.001 for both). Longitudinal increase in hs-CRP (Ptrend <0.001), but not WBC, was also associated with a higher future risk of MI, after adjustment for their baseline values and other covariates. Each 1-mg/L increment per year in hs-CRP was associated with a 9.3% increase in risk for future MI [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.09, 95% CI, 1.03; 1.17]. Participants with high-grade inflammatory status (hs-CRP ≥10 mg/L and WBC ≥10 × 109/L) had a higher risk of MI occurring <3 months after hs-CRP/WBC assessments vs those with hs-CRP <0.5 mg/L and WBC <5 × 109/L (HR = 6.64; 95% CI, 1.49-29.6), as compared with MI occurring ≥4 years (HR = 2.95; 95% CI, 0.90, 9.65). Plasma hs-CRP concentration and WBC predicted MI risk. Longitudinal increase in hs-CRP was also associated with a higher risk of MI.
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Port Dickson 4x4 International Sand Challenge
This is a competition between big and mean machines that was launched under the patronage of Duli Yang Maha Mulia Yang di-Pertuan Besar Negeri Sembilan Darul Khusus. It is the first-of-its-kind in the ASEAN region and has opened its door to participants from Thailand, Myanmar and Singapore. It will be a test of winching, handling, obstacles and may more!
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/**
* Copyright (c) 2010-2020 Contributors to the openHAB project
*
* See the NOTICE file(s) distributed with this work for additional
* information.
*
* This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
* terms of the Eclipse Public License 2.0 which is available at
* http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-2.0
*
* SPDX-License-Identifier: EPL-2.0
*/
package org.openhab.binding.lifx.internal.protocol;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import org.eclipse.jdt.annotation.NonNullByDefault;
/**
* A generic handler that dynamically creates "standard" packet instances.
*
* <p>
* Packet types must have an empty constructor and cannot require any
* additional logic (other than parsing).
*
* @param <T> the packet subtype this handler constructs
*
* @author Tim Buckley - Initial Contribution
* @author Karel Goderis - Enhancement for the V2 LIFX Firmware and LAN Protocol Specification
*/
@NonNullByDefault
public class GenericHandler<T extends Packet> implements PacketHandler<T> {
private Constructor<T> constructor;
private boolean typeFound;
private int type;
public boolean isTypeFound() {
return typeFound;
}
public int getType() {
return type;
}
public GenericHandler(Class<T> clazz) {
try {
constructor = clazz.getConstructor();
} catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Packet class cannot be handled by GenericHandler", ex);
}
try {
Field typeField = clazz.getField("TYPE");
type = (int) typeField.get(null);
typeFound = true;
} catch (NoSuchFieldException | IllegalAccessException ex) {
// silently ignore
typeFound = false;
}
}
@Override
public T handle(ByteBuffer buf) {
try {
T ret = constructor.newInstance();
ret.parse(buf);
return ret;
} catch (ReflectiveOperationException ex) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to instantiate empty packet", ex);
}
}
}
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News:
In keeping a positive experience for our disc golf community, we reserve the right to take down photos, comments and other material deemed "unproductive,” by the KCFDC. This includes, but is not limited to, vulgar language, disturbing photos, angry or aggressive behavior toward fellow members and posting anything in violation of any intellectual property right of another. If someone persists in offensive behavior or continually violates any of our house rules, we may block that person from further participation. So please, just remember to respect everyone here and on the course.
Thanks to Tom Butler for all the time, effort, energy and planning to make this course happen!!! 18 holes of beauty!! Tom has worked to no end to make this dream a reality...with the help of his tiny flocking of friendly birds.
Tees are marked but pins are still in his garage being built....hopefully get the pins poured over the next week or so and have a playable course soon.
Please be patient and stay clear until pins are in....we don't need people stepping in holes out there before we even get a course.
Also....the same rules apply out there as at PC....NO ALCOHOL, DOGS ON LEASHES and be sure to pack out what you pack in because there are no trash cans yet.
Once again....TOM BUTLER IS THE MAN and will make an official announcement when the course is officially open.
Also...big thanks to Olathe Parks & Rec....they have footed the bill for pretty much the entire project AGAIN!! So complain about JoCo all you want.....they are awsome for doing all they do for us golfers!!
I first asked the City to consider putting a course in at Olathe lake in 2001, shortly after they closed down Lakeside Hills Public Golf Course. In 2007 they asked me to prepare do a design, which I did, and presented them a drawing. They mulled it over a few months and came back with "we like the idea, but we can't afford to keep it mowed". Jumping ahead to the fall of 2011, when I presented the Prairie Center course modification plan to them, I again mentioned Lakeside Hills. Again they asked me to prepare a design, but on a totally different part of the 100 acre tract they have there. So, my 2007 design was scrapped, and a new design was done. I presented the design, but since I used 55 acres instead of the 44 they wanted me to use, it was rejected, and I went back to the drawing board, and back to walk and re-walk, and walk the land some more. Based on where they wanted me to have the main parking, and holes 1, 9, 10, and 18, the 44 acres available, and the terrain, I came up with a design which, after being looked at closely by the City at many different levels, has been accepted.
I'm sure there will be critiscm of the layout, and there may be accolades as well, but after spending over 250 hours walking the land, and studying the aerials, along with meeting the City's wishes on size and the parking areas, I know it is as good a tract as possible. The first pin placements going in will for the most part be the long pins, so don't get discouraged and think it plays too hard at first. We will eventually get in more birdy and ACE placements. In the longs I envision it being a par 56, playing at approximately 7000'. There are a couple of holes with some woods, a couple of holes with big downhills, a couple of blind uphills (which I hate), and a few big open bomber holes too. The course sits on the South end of Lake Olathe, and on a few of the hilltop holes will have some beautiful views of the lake.
The baskets are Innova Pro 28's, yellow. We hope to have them planted in the next week or two. The tee boxes will be natural fior a few months to allow for final choice of location. The City made up some sweet temprary tee markers which I can move pretty easily. The 5' x 12' concrete tees should be constructed by early Summer.
I plan on playing KCFDC league out there this Summer, but haven't decided if we will rotate between PC and Lakeside, or just always be at the Lake. It's cool that Lakeside Hills is only about 2 miles from Prairie Center.It will take time for this tract to develop and mature and to get the amenities we want, but we have occupied the land for now.
Please watch here on the forum or on the Lakeside Hills facebook page for updates and requests for volunteer labor.
There have been many people behind the scenes helping me with this endeavor, and I want to recognize some of them here. First and foremost I want all to know that we wouldn't be out on this awesome tract without the support, encouragement, and labor of Cindy. The other major contributors are Andy Lewis, Dean Uhlman, Brian Taylor (the hardest worker), Brain Corneilius, Mark Albers, Mike Davis, and from the City P & R department, Johnny Brokus and Paul Hecker.
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Title
Authors
Featured Faculty
Jamie Patrick Hopkins
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
8-10-2017
Abstract
Investors started Wednesday by flinching at the specter of nuclear conflagration with North Korea. By the market close, they had largely shrugged off the fear, trading as if the threat was as remote as ever.
Recommended Citation
Newmyer, Tory, "The Finance 202: Stock market to Trump: 'Fire and fury' is 'fire and forget'" (2017). In the News. 2430.
https://digitalcommons.theamericancollege.edu/news/2430
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Tuesday, September 29, 2009
Who killed the calves? Getting the full story
This morning I read a very small item in the Dom-Post about large numbers of calves having to be shot by MAF on a farm owned by the Crafars, who've been in the news a lot lately for dirty dairying.
CraFarms, now up for sale, is New Zealand’s biggest privately-owned dairying group and produces 0.5% of Fonterra’s total output. It runs 20,000 milking cows and 10,000 other stock, and it has 200 staff and around NZ$200 million of debt.
A MAF spokeswoman said "The farm manager had had a serious accident and was unable to care for and manage the calves". That's odd, I thought. Then, looking for something else, I came across a Herald article which told a very different story.
"Poor management and the pressures of massive debts obtained during rapid expansion meant this farm was so poorly managed that none of the staff trained the calves to drink milk, allowing them to die of dehydration in a muddy pen even though their trough was often full. MAF's inspectors were called in to this farm and others in the Crafar Farms group many times in recent years, yet this and others like it were allowed to keep operating."
The farm manager had indeed had an accident, breaking both his legs, but this happened the day the MAF inspector arrived. His visit was prompted by a concerned local farmer who asked MAF to look into the conditions on the property.
According to the Herald, MAF gave farm staff advance notice, "prompting an impromptu slaughtering of those calves closest to death by workers who bludgeoned them to death with hammers or slit their throats." The MAF inspector shot the others. MAF has not yet determined whether it will take any further action.
A video of the starving calves was "obtained" by interest.co.nz, the site that ran the original story. This "news and opinion" site is sponsored by RaboBank and edited by Bernard Hickey, a veteran journalist and editor. He and his producer were attacked when they visited the farm.
Comments on the story are flooding in - a few in support of the Crafars. Many draw attention to the fact that the move to enormous dairy holdings (run by hired, often poorly paid staff) has been lauded by Fonterra.
There is no route back to a norm of smaller, owner-operated farms. But surely it's vital for NZ's reputation and its whole economic future - not to mention humane, sustainable practices and safe food - that such appalling abuses are swiftly picked up and severely dealt with.
Our animal welfare standards are said to be "world-class". But as MAF's replies to Hickey's queries show, it is "currently resourced" for precisely five animal welfare inspectors, with "part time assistance...utilised as required."
And despite all the concerns and fines, Fonterra has gone right on accepting Crafar Farms milk.
Apparently there'll be more on TV One's Close-Up tonight. Meanwhile the Dom-Post should be ashamed of itself for running such a pathetic apology for a story.
1 comment:
Unfortunately, I would say that anyone who ever bought into the myth of NZ as a wonderful success story of wealth founded on agriculture is partly responsible.Meat and dairy are luxury goods, not commodities suitable for mass production. And unfortunately, until we manage to diversify our economy into other (lighter footprint) areas, those who rely on taxes for their income will continue to turn an uneasy blind eye to such practices - at least until it arrives on Close Up...
The Colour of Food: a memoir of life, love & dinner
INTERVIEW
Also in ebook
This Piece of Earth: a year in my New Zealand garden
Harvey's memoir, now available as an Awa Press e-book - click on the cover to see how to buy it.
MY FOOD BLOG
Click on the lemons to go to Something Else To Eat
FACEBOOK
At my book launch - Lois Daish, me, Mary Varnham of Awa Press. Click on the photo to go to the book's Facebook page.
Harvey's last anthology, These I Have Loved: My favourite New Zealand poems, published by Steele Roberts, was launched on 10/10/2010. To see what Beattie's Book Blog has to say about it, click on the cover.
"I read for pleasure and that is the moment I learn the most." — Margaret Atwood
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Kitchen is the most important place in the house especially for women. Keeping the kitchen clean and attractive will reflect your personality. Wouldn’t you like if everyone says that your kitchen looks amazing and it looks clean? Indeed, you will. You need to make it looks more friendly and welcoming. Maintaining the kitchen with good care is sort of a task. But here are some ideal steps for you to make your kitchen looks more attractive.
Decorating styles. Painting the kitchen, making it look tidy, trying decorate it, all these are done because we know that the kitchen is the heart of a home. Quality cottage kitchens are one ideal design you can add to your kitchen. This decorating style would make your kitchen look much cozy and it will create a much friendly environment for you and your family. If you are planning to remodel your kitchen inculcate your kitchen with the cottage comforts. What is the very first step that you should take in order to convert your kitchen into a cottage kitchen? Well, it is to paint the whole kitchen. You need to be much concerned when choosing colors to paint the kitchen walls. Since you have chosen the cottage style you will have to go for very soft colors such as cream, off white, light yellow or pale turquoise. These are just some colors used in mainly for decorating the kitchens in the cottage style. However, if you don’t like any of these colors you can go for a really light color that you prefer but the above mentioned are the ideal ones.
Adding new shelves.Upper cabinets and the open shelves are the most common and traditional ways in which a kitchen was usually decorated but this is not proper decorating. Still the use of the cabinets and open shelves are not forgotten but the purpose they are used for have changed. You can add cup pulls, they are drawers which looks very old fashioned but these will bring about that cottage look to your kitchen.
More designs.Consider about the floors of the kitchen carpets won’t suit the cottage style therefore go for a hardwood floor. Other than the wooden floors you can use linoleum or tiles which gives a vintage look. Then about the lighting system purchase some low hanging pendants and one or two lamps. These lights will bring about the cozy feel in your kitchen. When choosing the sink buy a farmhouse sink. All these will make your kitchen a totally new place for you and yes, you would love the new look of your kitchen.
This is one of the most interesting but unspoken or never voiced about ideology. It might be said that males are the ones who are brutal and being bullies. But who said it so? It certainly is not. Some of the researchers and socialists list out that men are equally violated like females are. This certainly does not downplay what females undergo. In first topic, it is the cosmetic surgery and its acceptance. When females undergo best cosmetic tattooing in Brisbane or any kind of face remodelling, it is more easily accepted but when a male undergoes a surgery they are treated differently. It is an independent decision for males or the female to decide individually and no one needs the society to intrude it. But the struck up society can not find any peace in keeping their thoughts to themselves.
Rape and abuse is a strong word which is immediately associated to women. But men are being abused on a daily basis. They are being urged to do something they do not want to. When they some how get their courage to take their abuser to courts, it may be taken lightly when it’s another man. But if it’s a female; the whole case will be diverted into another perceptive where an afternoon fling ending in a disastrous way. Why is that we find such wide vast difference in treatment of the two genders. Moreover, if the abused victim is a small guy or girl, it may invite sympathy but chances are that with strong evidence, the abuser will be left free. Are we still treating the males equally?
Nowadays it is funny to find there are in some societies the females are too loud that they cat call guys. But it’s not happening in a serious problem. End of the day does not it depend upon the guy? On the basis of sex, if females are classified as temptress, good in bed, bad in bed. Males are also classified as male god in bed and he does not know to satisfy a girl in bed. There are never classification of how long or short a girl is in her private part but a guy is considered as “small sex organ” and longer ones and the normal ones. This is giving a serious blow to their make pride and ego. This will in turn seriously affect their own self esteem. This will make them opt for the organ enlargement operations which has a serious problem with side effects and sometimes may give disastrous results. To know more about mineral makeup Gold Coast, visit http://www.esteemmedispa.com.au/skin/mineral-makeup/.
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Tiny Toez @ Tamworth
Contact Details
Opening Times
Open 51 weeks a year
7.30am until 6.00pm, Monday to Friday
(except Bank Holidays)
About Tamworth Early Years Childrens Centre
Close to the motorway and within walking distance of the town centre, our nursery is convenient for both local families and parents who commute, but, most of all, it’s a haven for children.
We welcome children of all abilities and cultures. Come along and try out our talking books, dual-language books and talking postcards. They all make learning an additional language fun.
There is a specially designed room for each age group: 0-2 years old, 2-3 years old and 3-5 years old so they can play and learn with friends their own age – and then run straight out into a garden area specially designed for them.
Each garden leads on to a large ‘wild’ garden with a pathway for bikes, a playhouse and much more. Very popular with our holiday club children (up to 7 years old), it’s where we run our forest school, where your child will develop social skills and problem-solving skills, while learning about woodlands and becoming more independent.
We share our site with a children’s centre, where parents can get expert support and advice from a whole range of professionals – from midwives to speech and language therapists.
We can offer your 3-4 year old 15 hours a week for free. We also have free places for eligible 2-year-olds. To find out if your child is eligible, go to http://www.gov.uk/free-early-education or ring us now.
We provide extra support for children with English as an additional language. We have a car park.
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Tag: top ten
Despite all the data, medical research and scientific evidence in support of the legalization of cannabis continues to grow, the lies, myths and deceptions around cannabis continue to persist. Backed by the misinformation campaigns of....
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