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5438	dbpedia	0	98	https://www.academia.edu/32036240/Trying_to_Be_Something_Other_Than_Tragic_Hotshots_Studio_Roma_Notes	en	Trying to Be Something Other Than Tragic Hotshots_Studio Roma Notes	http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-talk.gif	http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-talk.gif	[ "https://a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg", "https://a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg", "https://a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe.icon.svg", "https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/52298920/mini_magick20190123-28326-ypyiu0.png?1548245160", "https://a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png", "https://0.academia-photos.com/9382550/2997027/12832337/s65_henri.de_riedmatten.jpg", "https://0.academia-photos.com/55533516/38127387/32013116/s65_michele.luminati.jpg", "https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png", "https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png", "https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png", "https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png", "https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png", "https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png", "https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png", "https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png", "https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png", "https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png", "https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif", "https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png", "https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png", "https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png", "https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png", "https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png", "https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png", "https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png", "https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png", "https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png", "https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png", "https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png", "https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png", "https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png", "https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png", "https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png", "https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png", "https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png", "https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png", "https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png", "https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png", "https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png", "https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png", "https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png", "https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png", "https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png", "https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png", "https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png", "https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png", "https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png", "https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png", "https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png", "https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png", "https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png", "https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png", "https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png", "https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png", "https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png", "https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png", "https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png", "https://a.academia-assets.com/images/loswp/related-pdf-icon.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Henri de Riedmatten", "Salvatore Lacagnina", "Michele Luminati", "unige.academia.edu", "independent.academia.edu" ]	2017-03-25T00:00:00	Studio Roma is a transdisciplinary research programme conducted by the Istituto Svizzero di Roma, extending fellowships and support to visiting artists and scholars, oriented towards experimenting with new pedagogical practices within artistic and				https://www.academia.edu/32036240/Trying_to_Be_Something_Other_Than_Tragic_Hotshots_Studio_Roma_Notes	In 1935 the Venice Biennale organized an atypical exhibition commemorating its 40th anniversary. The “Mostra dei Quarant’anni” was mostly devoted to art from the Triveneto. Yet four rooms showed works by European artists who had exhibited in the Biennale, and were part of the collections of the Gallerie d’Arte Moderna in Rome and Venice. The show reflected on the evolution of modern art and of the Biennale between 1895 and 1935, exemplifying the aesthetic criteria of Italian public collections at the time. It included many artists that are still considered part of the modernist canon but most of them are now all but forgotten. It thus represents an optimal case study to analyze renegotiations of the artistic canon. Furthermore, the “Mostra” played a key role in re-defining the international role of Venice within fascist artistic organization. As the “Mostra” took place in the gap year between two Biennales and received little support from governmental institutions, it is generally overlooked in the literature on the period. Yet, on the basis of unpublished archival documentation and of the digital reconstruction of these rooms, this paper argues that the “Mostra dei Quarant’anni” is crucial for our understanding of the history of the Biennale and of the cultural policies of the fascist state. The volume addresses the issue of migration from a particular perspective, focusing on cases of artists - or groups of artists - who went to Rome and remained there permanently. The intent is to deepen the understanding of the process of integration of the foreign artist in the local environment, exploring the migration patterns and the dynamics of settlement in the papal city, the parallel, complementary or contrasting experiences of artists who were gradually transformed from "itinerant" to stable "immigrants". The volume inaugurates the series "Pensieri ad Arte", result of the collaboration between Stefan Albl, Francesca Parrilla and Ariane Varela Braga in the framework of the Rome Art History Network. The series hosts volumes of History of Art and Architecture dedicated to Italy and to Rome in particular. With a chronological period open from the Middle Ages to the contemporary, it offers a new space for original investigations, which highlight the richness of artistic contexts and the mutual exchange between local, regional and national cultures. The volumes, in the form of monographs or collections of essays, are the work established scholars and young researchers, both Italian and foreign. Despite a new interest in historical studies regarding Italy’s colonial past, rare are the researches about artists’ response to colonial theme. Among the many decorative enterprises that Giulio Rosso (object of my PhD research) carried out during the fascist ventennio, the black and white mosaic panels designed for the Foro Mussolini in Rome and the Grand Hotel Uaddan in Tripoli are of much interest once analysed from this particular point of view. Indeed, they both deal with the problem of representing overseas colonies, presenting different approaches and solutions to evidently different exigencies. The Foro Mussolini was built as an example of ‘total work of art’, by the Opera Nazionale Balilla (ONB). In 1936, Corrado Ricci commissioned architect Luigi Moretti with the design of a large entrance thoroughfare to celebrate the conquest of Ethiopia. Moretti chose four artists – Achille Capizzano, Angelo Canevari, Giulio Rosso and Gino Severini - to design 7500 square meters of mosaics celebrating sports and artistic and economic enterprises of the fascist regime. Only two panels referred to contemporary events: Giulio Rosso’s Marcia su Roma and The conquest of Addis Ababa. The latter is a propagandistic collage of different images celebrating war, technology, and submission. It is a comprehensive (and involuntarily merciless) picture of what the public opinion was driven to believe about the self-proclaimed civilizing mission, the organizational efficiency, and the fatal destiny of Fascist Italy. On the other hand, Rosso gave a slightly different picture of colonial life in the mosaics for the so-called Turkish Bath of the Hotel Uaddan. Here another version of the colonial myth was represented, one that is more consistent with the general context of European culture of the time. It recalls a dreamy flight in an imagined Libya, suffused with oriental exoticisms, ready to be enjoyed by foreign tourists and Italian administrators in an exclusive environment. During the 1960s and 70s, on the wake of social and political activism, several Italian artists based their work upon a multi sensory approach to photographs conceived not just as representations, but as material objects and social agents. Mario Cresci was one of these artists, and the peculiarity of his contribution lies in the work he did as a member of the cross-disciplinary collective Il Politecnico. Composed of Cresci himself, along with architects and urbanists, a sociologist and a local historian, the collective was hired by local authorities in 1966 to draw the master plans of two cities in Basilicata, a rural area in southern Italy strongly hit by emigration. The master plans were based on participatory urban planning and practices of active citizenship. Cresci, who was trained as a graphic and product designer, defined himself as an ‘artistic operator’ directly intervening upon reality, acting within complex networks of relations among people, animals and objects. Distancing himself from the sentimentalist and aestheticising nostalgia of the Italian rural south typical of the work of photographers such as Cartier-Bresson, Cresci used his own photographs, as well as family photographs of sorts, as means to trace models of sociability strongly related to the identity of places and people. Though a constant dialogue among Cresci and the other members of Il Politecnico, photographs conceived as material objects with their social biographies were fully integrated into urban planning as research tools and as means of communication, as a way of encouraging historical awareness, building community identity, improving local economy, encouraging local craft. «Spero che non fra molto, a Lisbona le spalle a Roma il volto», said the young Francisco de Matos, aka Vieira Lusitano (Lisbon, 1699-1783) to his friend and colleague Agostino Ratti (Savona, 1699- Genoa, 1775). He put into words his wish to returning to Rome the city where he has studied. That quote comes from a letter part of the rich epistoclar exchange over the years between both friends. The aforementioned correspondence is known to us through Bottari's Raccolta. It allows us to understand the professional and friendship network built by Vieira during his stay in Rome. «Spero che non fra molto, a Lisbona le spalle a Roma il volto». Con estas palabras trasladaba el joven Francisco de Matos, más conocido como Vieira Lusitano (Lisboa, 1699-1783), a su amigo y compañero de fatigas Agostino Ratti (Savona, 1699- Génova, 1775) su deseo de regresar a la ciudad en la que se había formado. Esa carta es el inicio de un conspicuo intercambio epistolar enriquecido con dibujos y grabados que a lo largo de los años compartirían y del que se tiene constancia gracias a la Raccolta de Bottari . Esta fuente permite reconstruir parcialmente las relaciones profesionales y amistosas que Vieira desarrolló en su estancia en Roma y que habrían de servirle en su exordio en el panorama internacional.
5438	dbpedia	1	40	https://thecinemafix.com/tag/once-upon-a-time-in-america/	en	Once Upon A Time In America	https://thecinemafix.com…mb-v11.jpg?w=200	https://thecinemafix.com…mb-v11.jpg?w=200	[ "https://thecinemafix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/cropped-fix_banner-v1.jpg", "https://thecinemafix.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/ennio_morricone.jpg?w=672&h=372&crop=1", "https://thecinemafix.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/filmcomponist-ennio-morricone-91-overleden-na-val.jpg?w=1024", "https://thecinemafix.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/once-upon-a-time-in-america.jpg?w=672&h=372&crop=1", "https://thecinemafix.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/onceuponatimeinamerica_poster.jpg?w=474", "https://thecinemafix.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/onceuponatimeinamerica06.jpg?w=683", "https://thecinemafix.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/onceuponatimeinamerica_2.jpg?w=800", "https://thecinemafix.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/once-upon-a-time-in-america-2-1600x900-c-default.jpg?w=1024", "https://thecinemafix.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/cake2.jpg?w=672&h=372&crop=1", "https://thecinemafix.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/onegroep1.jpg", "https://thecinemafix.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/cake.jpg", "https://thecinemafix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/cropped-fix_thumb-v11.jpg?w=50", "https://thecinemafix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/cropped-fix_thumb-v11.jpg?w=50", "https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript" ]	[ "https://www.youtube.com/embed/LcpCRyNo8T8?version=3&rel=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=en&autohide=2&wmode=transparent" ]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Paul" ]	2020-07-08T15:29:47+00:00	Posts about Once Upon A Time In America written by Paul. Writer and Filmmaker	en	https://thecinemafix.com…umb-v11.jpg?w=32	The Cinema Fix presents	https://thecinemafix.com/tag/once-upon-a-time-in-america/	SIX OF THE BEST #26 – ENNIO MORRICONE – (R.I.P – 1928-2020) “If you scroll through all the movies I’ve worked on, you can understand how I was a specialist in westerns, love stories, political movies, action thrillers, horror movies, and so on. So, in other words, I’m no specialist, because I’ve done everything. I’m a specialist in music.” Ennio Morricone As if 2020 couldn’t get any more dramatic, one of the greatest musical composers and dramatists ever known has passed away. Ennio Morricone, rather incredibly, wrote the scores for over four hundred films and television works. He also managed to write well over one hundred classical pieces. To say Ennio Morricone was a prolific genius is somewhat of an understatement. Morricone won six BAFTAs, eleven Nastro d’Argento, three Grammy Awards, three Golden Globes, six BAFTAs, ten David di Donatello, two European Film Awards, the Golden Lion Honorary Award and the Polar Music Prize. In 2007, he received the Academy Honorary Award for his outstanding commitment to cinema. Moreover, he was also nominated for a further six Oscars. Lastly, Morricone had to wait until 2016 to receive his only competitive Academy Award for the haunting score to Quentin Tarantino’s The Hateful Eight (2016). For Morricone to receive only one Oscar for musical composition is astounding and proves once again there is no justice in the world. A meagre blog piece from a London-based hack will never be enough of a tribute to a composer who worked in every cinematic genre and with an incredible array of famous and infamous filmmakers. Notables include: Sergio Leone, Oliver Stone, Warren Beatty, John Carpenter, Quentin Tarantino, Sergio Corbucci, Dario Argento, Duccio Tessari, Sergio Sollima, Henri Verneuil, Bernardo Bertolucci, Mauro Bolognini, Giuliano Montaldo, Roland Joffé, Don Siegel, Mike Nichols, Brian De Palma, Barry Levinson and many more companies including advertisers, singers, recording artists and fashion designers. Morricone even found time to compose the 1978 World Cup theme song. Thus, as a tribute to one of the greatest cinematic artists I have selected six of Morricone’s best film orchestrations. Although given his brilliance and spectacular output, one could certainly pick many more; even sixty of the best!! Riposa in pace, Ennio, il maestro! THE GOOD, THE BAD AND THE UGLY (1966) THE GREAT SILENCE (1968) ONCE UPON A TIME IN THE WEST (1968) ONCE UPON A TIME IN AMERICA (1984) THE MISSION (1986) THE HATEFUL EIGHT (2016) CLASSIC FILM REVIEW: ONCE UPON A TIME IN AMERICA (1984) Directed by: Sergio Leone Produced by: Arnon Milchan Screenplay by: Sergio Leone, Leonardo Benvenuti, Piero De Bernardi, Enrico Medioli, Franco Arcalli, Franco Ferrini Based on: The Hoods by Harry Grey Cast: Robert De Niro, James Woods, William Forsythe, Jennifer Connelly, Elizabeth McGovern, Joe Pesci, Burt Young, Tuesday Weld, Treat Williams, William Forsythe, Richard Bright, James Hayden, Brian Bloom, William Forsythe, Adrian Curran, Darlanne Fluegel. Larry Rapp, Mike Monetti, Richard Foronji, Robert Harper, Dutch Miller, Gerard Murphy, Amy Ryder, Julie Cohen etc. Music: Ennio Morricone Cinematography: Tonino Delli Colli *CONTAINS PLOT SPOILERS* If you were, like me, thoroughly absorbed by Martin Scorsese’s recent directorial gangster epic, The Irishman (2019), you should definitely check out another incredible gangster drama, Once Upon A Time in America (1984). It is directed by acclaimed Italian filmmaker, Sergio Leone, he of “Spaghetti Western” fame. Indeed, Once Upon A Time in America (1984), was the first feature film he’d made since A Fistful of Dynamite (1971). Sadly, it was to be his final film. With a director’s cut running at a behemoth 250 minutes and original theatrical release lasting 229 minutes, Once Upon A Time in America (1984), is certainly a marathon viewing experience and fitting epitaph to Leone’s cinematic craft. Yet, the film rarely feels over-long or slow because there are so many memorable scenes, fascinatingly complex characterisations, incredible intrigue and enough narrative density present to satisfy any audience member with the patience to let it absorb you. Structurally, the film is epic in nature too as it cross-cuts between three, arguably four, separate timelines in: 1918, the 1920’s, the 1930’s and 1968. Interestingly, I watched it via Amazon Prime in two sittings and is so long even the original ‘Intermission’ card remains. Leone and his amazing production cast and crew took almost a year to film Once Upon A Time in America (1984). It’s reported to have had somewhere between eight to ten hours of footage on completion. He originally wanted to release it as a two-part epic, but the studio insisted it was distributed as one film. The almost-four hour theatrical release was received to great critical acclaim in Europe, however, a severely chopped down 139-minute version was put out in America. It was a critical and box office bomb. American critics however, lauded the European version, lamenting the non-release of Leone’s full cinematic vision. For a filmmaker who was drawn to stories set in the America, Leone would generally film in European studios and locations. While some exteriors for Once Upon A Time in America (1984) were shot on location in Florida and New York, many of the interiors were recreated in Rome’s Cinecitta. Furthermore, a Manhattan restaurant was built in Venice, and incredibly, Grand Central Station was rendered at part of the Gare du Nord in Paris. Having said that, Once Upon A Time in America (1984), is so carefully and exquisitely designed and filmed, you would not notice. While possessing more than an air of European arthouse sensibilities, the film, based on a novel called The Hoods, represents Leone’s and his co-screenwriter’s tarnished vision of the American dream. Most significantly is the theme of a loss of innocence. 1920’s New York is presented through the eyes of these Jewish working-class children, many of them sons and daughter of migrants from Europe. These are tough times and the story explores the collision between young innocence and adult corruption by society and humanity. Once Upon A Time in America (1984) is also a story about friendship, loyalty, passion and crime. The narrative revolves around the lives of young gang of Jewish friends growing up in Brooklyn called: Noodles, Max, Patsy, Cockeye and little Dominic. It’s majestic storytelling of the highest quality as we flit between past, present, now and future. Robert DeNiro’s older Noodles reminisces both from 1930 and 1968. There is a sense that he may be projecting from the hazy and drug-addled glow of an opium den. That is open to interpretation though. Thematically, the framework hangs a history of childhood friendships, juxtaposing it with the same people as adults and their victories, losses and betrayals. Further themes include: love, lust, greed, crime, broken relationships, Prohibition, union corruption; as well as focusing on the rise of mobsters in American society. Noodles as portrayed by an imperious Robert DeNiro is calm on the outside, however, his often-rash actions show him as impetuous, emotional and wild on the inside. James Woods’ Max is much more careful, calculating and ice-cold in his business. But the two forge a friendship as teenagers which continues in adulthood. Their childhood gang subsequently becomes a renowned bootlegging and criminal outfit. Leone does not ask us to like or find sympathy for the characters, but rather respect that they are a product of a ruthless era. Sure, they could have got day jobs, but they decide to become criminals and very successful they are too. Even after Noodles gets out of jail for killing a rival, Max has saved a place for him in their illegal liquor trades. Only later does the true deception occur. Ultimately, while their stories are incredibly compelling, these men are violent lawbreakers who spill blood, bribe, threaten, kill and rape, all in an attempt to rise up the ladder of the American capitalist system. I don’t want to spoil any more of the story, but safe to say the cast in this classic film are amazing. Along with DeNiro and Woods’ brutally convincing performances a whole host of young and older actors are directed beautifully by Leone’s careful hand. The standouts for me are Jennifer Connelly in a very early role. She portrays the younger Deborah, while Elizabeth McGovern is the older version of the same character. Connelly is a picture of angelic innocence and Noodles is smitten with her from the beginning. It’s sad therefore that when the adult Noodles’ is rejected by Deborah, his reaction is both toxic and unforgiveable. Undeniably, sex and violence are powerful features in Once Upon A Time in America (1984). Sex especially is rarely, if at all, romantic or part of loving relationship. There are two brutal rape scenes in the adult years. Even when they are kids the character of younger Peggy is shown to use her promiscuity as a weapon to blackmail a police officer. There are some tender moments though, notably during the scene where young Patsy seeks to lose his virginity with Peggy. Her payment would be a cream cake, but Brian eats the cake and saves his innocence. Yet such scenes are fleeting as mob rule, violent robberies, fiery death and murder ultimately dominate the character’s bloody existences. As I say, the actors all give memorable performances and the supporting cast including the likes of Treat Williams, Danny Aiello, Tuesday Weld and Joe Pesci are extremely strong too. A special mention to James Hayden who portrays the older Patsy. He doesn’t have the most dialogue compared to the characters of Max and Noodles; however, he has a quiet power which steals many scenes via strength of personality. The fact that Hayden died of a heroin overdose, in 1983, after completing filming only adds to the cult of tragedy. Dead at 30 years of age, James Hayden never got to see any completed version of Once Upon A Time in America (1984). Given this review is getting near epic proportions itself I will begin to wrap up by heaping praise on the incredible production design. The costumes, locations, vehicles, props and era are slavishly and beautifully recreated. So much so you can almost smell the smoke as it drifts up from the Brooklyn streets. Moreover, the film is superbly photographed by Tonino Delli Colli. The music! I haven’t even mentioned the sumptuous score by the legendary Ennio Morricone. His score is a masterful symphony of haunting laments for loss of love, friendship, loyalty and life. Much indeed like Once Upon A Time in America (1984) itself, as a whole. In conclusion, if you haven’t seen it, I urge you to do so in the knowledge that Sergio Leone has transplanted that same brutally elegant vision of the Wild West to the American gangster genre with unforgettable emotional resonance and power.
5438	dbpedia	2	42	https://gomontecarlo.net/en/tag/award-en/	en	award – GO MONTE CARLO	https://gomontecarlo.net…GO_002-32x32.jpg	https://gomontecarlo.net…GO_002-32x32.jpg	[ "https://gomontecarlo.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/cropped-ND4_5280©-Charly-Gallo-Centre-de-Presse-de-Monaco.jpg", "https://gomontecarlo.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/cropped-LOGO_GO_004-whitesmall.png", "https://gomontecarlo.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/1.All-Artists-on-stage-final©RosannaCalo18MCFF-1024x684.jpg", "https://gomontecarlo.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/5.Raoul-Bova-president-du-Jury©RosannaCalo18MCFF-1024x683.jpg", "https://gomontecarlo.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/7.Chazz-Palminteri©RosannaCalo18MCFF-1024x678.jpg", "https://gomontecarlo.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/9.Micaela-Ramazzotti©RosannaCalo18MCFF-1024x683.jpg", "https://gomontecarlo.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/11.Todd-Stephens-SWAN-SONG_Prix-Public©RosannaCalo18MCFF-1024x684.jpg", "https://gomontecarlo.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/14.Giacomo-Ferrara_E.Greggio_Maire-G.Marsan©RosannaCalo18MCFF-1024x683.jpg", "https://gomontecarlo.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/12.E.Greggio_Rocio-Munos-Morales_SE-L.Anselmi©RosannaCalo18MCFF-1024x683.jpg", "https://gomontecarlo.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Fotografi_red-carpet_18MCFF_©GO-Monte-Carlo-1024x768.jpeg", "http://gomontecarlo.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Cristiano-Ronaldo-footprint-2-Golden-Foot-2020_©Juventus-683x1024.jpg", "http://gomontecarlo.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Cristiano-Ronaldo-footprint-1-Golden-Foot-2020_©Juventus-1024x683.jpg", "http://gomontecarlo.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Cristiano-Ronaldo-with-Golden-Foot-Award-2020_©Juventus-1024x683.jpg", "http://gomontecarlo.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Golden-Foot-2020.jpg", "http://gomontecarlo.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Maggie_Civantos-MCFF_Award_Ezio_Greggio_Victoria_Silvstedt-©RosannaCalo-1024x673.jpg", "http://gomontecarlo.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Alessio_Lapice_Leader_Future_Under_30-Ezio_Greggio_Lotte_Verbeek_MCFF©RosannaCalo-1024x684.jpg", "http://gomontecarlo.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Sabrina_Impacciatore_MCFF_Award_©RosannaCalo-684x1024.jpg", "http://gomontecarlo.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Nick_Vallelonga-1_MCFF_Legend_Award_SE_Laurent_Anselmi-©RosannaCalo-1024x639.jpg", "http://gomontecarlo.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Nino_Frassica-1_King_MCFF_Comedy_Award_Ezio_Greggio_Desire_Popper-©RosannaCalo-1024x727.jpg", "http://gomontecarlo.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Andrea_Morricone_MCFF_Award_Romina_Pierdomenico_Ezio_Greggio-©RosannaCalo-1024x690.jpg", "http://gomontecarlo.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Patrice_Leconte_Career-Award_Ezio_Greggio_Kate_Katzman-©RosannaCalo-1024x669.jpg", "http://gomontecarlo.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Final_galaMCFF2020-©RosannaCalo-1024x629.jpg", "https://gomontecarlo.net/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/res/flags/it.png", "https://gomontecarlo.net/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/res/flags/en.png", "https://gomontecarlo.net/wp-content/plugins/gdpr-cookie-compliance/dist/images/gdpr-logo.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	2021-06-06T18:17:00+02:00		en	https://gomontecarlo.net…GO_002-32x32.jpg		null	SATURDAY JUNE 5 AT THE GRIMALDI FORUM THE CEREMONY PRESENTED BY EZIO GREGGIO The gala evening with the award ceremony of the 18th Monte-Carlo Film Festival of Comedy, took place at the Grimaldi Forum on Saturday 5 June 2021 from 7 p.m. to 8:30 p.m. An event chaired by Ezio Greggio. The Jury, made up of Raoul Bova (President), Mario de la Rosa, Giacomo Ferrara, Mario Sesti, deliberated and awarded the prizes: To the Spanish film SENTIMENTAL directed by Cesc Gay the prize for the best film and Argentinian actress Griselda Siciliani received the award for best actress. The award for best director was won by Adam Rehmeier for the comedy DINNER IN AMERICA. Todd Stephens‘ other American film SWAN SONG won the Audience Award and Udo Kier won the Best Actor award. The Monte-Carlo Film Festival Jury wished to award a special mention to the Israeli film HONEYMOOD, directed by Talya Lavie. Finally, the “Short Comedy Award” in the section dedicated to short films went to WICHITA by Sergine Dumais (USA-Canada). On the stage of the Grimaldi Forum in Monte-Carlo, Ezio Greggio presented the award ceremony. International and Italian guests from the small and big screen participated. Successful actor Chazz Palminteri (“Once Upon a Time in the Bronx”, “The Usual Suspects”, “Shots on Boradway”, “Modern Family”) arrived straight from the United States to receive the prestigious “Movie Legend” Award ”. Nominated for an Oscar for Best Supporting Actor for “Shots on Broadway” by Woody Allen, he recently appeared on “Godfather of Harlem”. Return to Monaco and one more prize to Nick Vallelonga (winner of two “Academy Awards” for “Green Book”) who chaired the jury of the Monte-Carlo Film Festival last year. Radiant Italian actress Micaela Ramazzotti, nominated several times and winner of the “David di Donatello” for the film “La prima cosa bella”, she was awarded the prestigious “Monte-Carlo Award” for her career. Actress, presenter and writer Rocio Munos Morales received the “Monte-Carlo Award” for her exceptional role as a woman, mother, writer and model of “empowerment”. The Monte-Carlo Film Festival Award was also presented to the President of the Jury Raoul Bova, to the Spanish actor Mario de la Rosa and to the Italian Giacomo Ferrara, who were members of the jury for this edition. Among the celebrities, the audience applauded Antonia Truppo, Francesco Di Leva, Giovanni Esposito, protagonists of the new comedy “Benvenuti a casa Esposito”, which premiered at the Film Festival of Comedy on June 4th. Spotlight also on the former player of the national team of Italy and Juventus of Turin, Claudio Marchisio, and on the stars of TV and cinema in Italy Giancarlo Magalli, Enzo Iacchetti, Remo Girone, the actress and Brazilian model Desirée Popper, presenter Elisa Isoardi. Applause also for the young singer Leo Gassmann, idol of teenagers, (X Factor Italy and Sanremo Festival Youth category) and who has performed on stage with his new single “Down”. Monegasque and Italian personalities present were called on stage to present the awards. Among them: the Mayor of Monaco Georges Marsan, the Government Counselor – Minister of External Relations and Cooperation Laurent Anselmi, as well as the Italian Ambassador to Monaco Giulio Alaimo. The event, in collaboration with EFG Bank (Monaco) and Marlù Gioielli, has always taken place under the High Patronage of HSH Prince Albert II of Monaco and the Italian Embassy. Once again this year Radio Monte Carlo was the official radio of the Festival. Media Relations Monaco GO MONTE CARLO Info Monte-Carlo Film Festival of Comedy For ANDREA AGNELLI the Lifetime Achievement Award. He is the first club president to be awarded the GOLDEN FOOT PRESTIGE AWARD. The awards ceremony, held behind closed doors on Sunday 21 December, will be streamed worldwide on 28 December, with a fundraiser for the WORLD CHAMPIONS CLUB and FIGHT AIDS MONACO associations. Today Cristiano Ronaldo was finally able to hold the prestigious Golden Foot Award in his hands, the only award a player can win only once in his career. “Receiving this award is an honor – said Ronaldo – I am glad that my footprints will be close to those of other great champions and I thank all the fans who voted for me. I will always do my best to play well and score goals.” Proclaimed the winner on 1 December, the award ceremony took place on Sunday afternoon 20 December behind closed doors, due to the health emergency. The champion of Juventus and the Portuguese national team has also left his footprints, which will be exhibited in the famous “Champions Promenade” in Monte-Carlo. From this edition, the Golden Foot Prestige award was established, a career award dedicated exclusively to a President still in business, which was presented to Andrea Agnelli. The President of Juventus Football Club is one of the most successful in the history of Italian and international football. Presenting the 18th Golden Foot Award to Cristiano Ronaldo was Louis Ducruet, son of Princess Stephanie of Monaco, representing S.A.S. Prince Albert II of Monaco. The Monegasque Sovereign also sent a video message, to congratulate the winners: “It will be an honor for the Principality of Monaco to have the footprints of a champion such as Cristiano Ronaldo and of the President of Juventus Football Club, Andrea Agnelli in the new The Champions Promenade”. The other big news of this edition will be the worldwide streaming of the award ceremony of the Golden Foot Award 2020, scheduled for Monday 28 December. A deliberate decision to offer the most exciting and spectacular moments of this unique event in the world to the general public of football fans and to raise funds for the WORLD CHAMPIONS CLUB and FIGHT AIDS MONACO associations. The special live show will last 45 minutes and will be broadcast online in three different time zones. There will be interviews with the winners and protagonists, the delivery of prizes, the laying of footprints, video contributions and testimonies of great football champions of the past. To watch the award ceremony in streaming on December 28th, you must reserve the dedicated Ticket Pass, by connecting to the website www.goldenfoot.com or directly to the link goldenfoot2020.discoveryvp.com. The online reservation is open from Sunday 20 December. International Media Relations GO MONTE CARLO In 2020, the champion of Juventus of Turin and the Portugal team receives the most votes from football fans around the world. The first GOLDEN FOOT PRESTIGE is awarded to club president Andrea Agnelli for his entire career. Fans and supporters from all over the world have chosen the best footballer of 2020, awarding the 18th Golden Foot Award to Cristiano Ronaldo. The star of Juventus and the Portuguese national team received the highest number of votes among the 10 contenders selected this year: Lionel Messi (Barcelona), Robert Lewandowski (Bayern Munich), Giorgio Chiellini (Juventus), Neymar Jr. (PSG), Sergio Ramos (Real Madrid), Sergio Aguero (Manchester City), Gerard Piqué (Barcelona), Mohamed Salah (FC Liverpool), Arturo Vidal (Inter). As every year, voting took place on the official website – www.goldenfoot.com – and ended on November 20, 2020. The history of world football is made up of great champions, but also great club presidents. That’s why this year saw the first Golden Foot Prestige Award, a recognition dedicated exclusively to a president who is still active, and who has distinguished himself by his results and for having achieved the ambitious goals of his team. The Golden Foot Prize Commission, following a survey of the international press, has decided to award the first Golden Foot Prestige Award to Andrea Agnelli – President of the Juventus Football Club, who has won the championship 9 consecutive times and can now boast of having won 17 trophies in 10 years. He is thus one of the most successful presidents in the history of international football. The Golden Foot organisation wishes to make it known that in the current context, the health crisis has prevented the running of the 2020 awards ceremony and its traditional gala evening which usually takes place in the heart of the Principality of Monaco. We will therefore send you a press release to announce the details of the awards for this edition. Radio Monte Carlo has been the Official Radio of the Golden Foot Award since its first edition. International Media Relations GO MONTE CARLO Info GOLDEN FOOT The Awards Ceremony took place on Saturday 10th October The 17th edition of the Monte-Carlo Film Festival of Comedy, the prestigious kermesse dedicated to comedy, conceived and directed by Ezio Greggio, ends on Saturday, October 10th, with a big success and always following the security anti-Covid measures. The jury, led by the two times Academy Award winner Nick Vallelonga and composed by the eclectic Sabrina Impacciatore, the Dutch actress Lotte Verbeek and the talented Spanish actress Maggie Civantos, has chosen the Palmares. The German Nightlife by Simon Verhoeven has won the awards as best movie, best direction, the public award and the special mention for the cast ensemble. The movie narrates the story of the bartender Milo who meets the woman of his dreams Sunny in a fateful moment and arranges to go on a date. Everything seems to be running smoothly, but when Milo‘s chaotic friend Renzo turns up, the romantic evening escalates into an absolutely mad chase through Berlin‘s nightlife pursued by some underworld thugs. However, nothing will shake Milo and Sunny‘s love if they can survive this date. Best actress Candelá Pena for the movie La Boda de Rosa directed by Icìar Bollain for her extraordinary performance of a woman about to turn 45 who realizes that she’s always lived her life to serve everyone else. So she decides to leave it all behind and take charge of her life and fulfil her dream of starting her own business. The award for best actor goes to Nando Paone for Il ladro di Cardellini by Carlo Luglio. In the movie he plays Pasquale Cardinale, an elder ranger, who spends his days between alcohol and video poker in the Campania countryside. To settle the debts he organizes a scam of 200 white pure goldfinches, replacing them with common ones, but it will not end as expected. The award for best short film goes to the French Cash Stash by Enya Baroux & Martin Darondeau. Special Awards at the evening Gala at the Grimaldi Forum directed by Ezio Greggio: the Monte-Carlo Film Festival Award to Maggie Civantos, Sabrina Impacciatore and Andrea Morricone, to the French film director Patrice Leconte goes the Career Award, the Award as Future Leader Under 30 goes to the italian actor Alessio Lapice and another great Italian actor, Nino Frassica, wins the King of Comedy Award. This year the Legend Award goes to the president of the jury Nick Vallelonga. The Monte-Carlo Film Festival of Comedy, in collaboration with EFG Bank ( Monaco), has always been held under the High Patronage of S.A.S. Prince Albert II de Monaco and of the Italian Embassy. Radio Monte Carlo is the Festival’s official radio. Marlú is media partner. Media Relations Monaco GO MONTE CARLO Info Monte-Carlo Film Festival de la Comédie
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"https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BNjFlNzY0MDAtYjJhZS00ZDUxLTg5NWMtMjIyZTY5MDIzYWFmXkEyXkFqcGdeQXVyMTQ3Njg3MQ@@._V1_QL75_UX140_CR0,26,140,207_.jpg", "https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BZjRhNzEwMDgtNGQyZC00NWYxLTg2MzktNGVmNTMwNjk0ZWI5XkEyXkFqcGdeQXVyNjUyMTgxNjA@._V1_QL75_UY207_CR2,0,140,207_.jpg", "https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BYTlkNjEzNmUtMWFmMi00N2ZmLTgwZmQtNTZiMzJkYTViMmNhXkEyXkFqcGdeQXVyMjU5OTg5NDc@._V1_QL75_UY207_CR3,0,140,207_.jpg", "https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BZjBhNjk3ZWMtNjI5ZS00MDAwLTg3ZWEtY2YwNTkwNTFhZjg3XkEyXkFqcGdeQXVyMjU5OTg5NDc@._V1_QL75_UY207_CR11,0,140,207_.jpg", "https://m.media-amazon.com/images/M/MV5BOWU1ZmE3ZTItZjUyNi00NmQ1LWIzMmQtNTAwYTI0ZTNmNjg3XkEyXkFqcGdeQXVyMzIzNDU1NTY@._V1_QL75_UY133_CR2,0,90,133_.jpg", "https://m.media-amazon.com/images/G/01/IMDb/Mobile/DesktopQRCode-png.png", "https://fls-na.amazon.com/1/batch/1/OP/A1EVAM02EL8SFB:147-8756532-8108566:75EDRE3NG76EEJC1WJJE$uedata=s:%2Fuedata%2Fuedata%3Fnoscript%26id%3D75EDRE3NG76EEJC1WJJE:0" ]	[]	[]	[ "Reviews", "Showtimes", "DVDs", "Photos", "User Ratings", "Synopsis", "Trailers", "Credits" ]	null	[]	1987-11-27T00:00:00	Hoffen wir, dass es ein Mädchen wird: Directed by Mario Monicelli. With Liv Ullmann, Catherine Deneuve, Giuliana de Sio, Philippe Noiret. Elena lives in a villa in Tuscany with multiple female relatives. When her former husband comes back to visit, family disagreements seem to unravel.	en	https://m.media-amazon.c…B1582158068_.png	IMDb	https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0090055/	This movie is really a little gem. I need a little effort to defend this argument. It's enough to remember that it is directed by Mario Monicelli, the GREAT director (La Grande Guerra, I soliti Ignoti, Guardie e Ladri, L'Armata Brancaleone and many others), and that it won seven David di Donatello, an important Italian movie award, including best movie and best director. The cast is also incredible, as it groups together so many European icons: from Sweden Liv Ullman (the protagonist of many Ingmar Bergman movies); from France, the beautiful Catherine Deneuve, and the wonderful actors Philippe Noiret and Bernard Blier; from Italy the divine Stefania Sandrelli, always beautiful and realistic, and the already very very good actress Athina Cenci. After the cynic "Parenti serpenti", Monicelli again films a portrait of another Italian family. There is not a real protagonist in this movie, the protagonist is the family. There is a lot of fun, but also some thoughtful moments, as always in Monicelli's movies. All the males in this movie end up revealing their egoistic nature or stupidity. A concept that the Italian Comedy of 50s and 60s (which Monicelli belonged to) already expressed and elaborated extensively. The difference here is that there is hope, and this hope resides in women. I don't want to say that this is a movie just for women. It's fun, it's serious, and it does a very nice homage to women and sisterhood. I say don't miss this movie, males and females, I am sure you won't regret it.
5438	dbpedia	1	56	https://www.alphavillejournal.com/Issue22/HTML/ArticlePagello.html	en	DETECting the âNoirificationâ of European Popular Narratives Across Film, Fiction and Television			[ "https://www.alphavillejournal.com/images/Alphaville%20Journal%20of%20Film%20and%20Screen%20Media.jpg", "https://www.alphavillejournal.com/images/Menu/About.jpg", "https://www.alphavillejournal.com/images/Menu/Submit.jpg", "https://www.alphavillejournal.com/images/Menu/Index.jpg", "https://www.alphavillejournal.com/images/Menu/Contact.jpg", "https://www.alphavillejournal.com/Issue22Images/Article Images/Pagello Fig 1.png", "https://www.alphavillejournal.com/images/UCC%20Logo.jpg", "https://www.alphavillejournal.com/images/FSM%20LOGO-Medium-Light%20Background%202.png", "https://www.alphavillejournal.com/images/CC%20license.jpg", "https://www.alphavillejournal.com/images/DOAJ%20Seal.png", "https://www.alphavillejournal.com/images/CLOCKSS.png", "https://www.alphavillejournal.com/images/FIAF%20logo.jpg", "https://www.alphavillejournal.com/images/MLA%20logo.gif" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	The article explores the transcultural dimension of European crime narratives by looking at the specific role of cinema in this context. Building on the research conducted by DETECt scholars in different areas of contemporary popular cultureâespecially literature and televisionâit first discusses the link between the more and more widespread use of the ânoirâ label and the increasing cultural legitimation of the crime genre. The article then argues that this phenomenon echoes the emergence of a new âEuropean quality crime filmâ in recent years. While stressing the potential contribution of the genre to the circulation of European cinema, the evident limits of its impact in this field are also examined. Finally, it looks more closely at the transnational circulation of contemporary Italian crime films to assess to what extent they have been able to find a transnational audience on a continental level. In this context, the importance to look beyond theatrical distribution and the centrality of intermedial exchanges are highlighted, indicating new directions for research.		../../images/favicon.ico		https://www.alphavillejournal.com/Issue22/HTML/ArticlePagello.html	DETECting the “Noirification” of European Popular Narratives Across Film, Fiction and Television Federico Pagello [PDF] Abstract The article explores the transcultural dimension of European crime narratives by looking at the specific role of cinema in this context. Building on the research conducted by DETECt scholars in different areas of contemporary popular cultureâespecially literature and televisionâit first discusses the link between the more and more widespread use of the “noir” label and the increasing cultural legitimation of the crime genre. The article then argues that this phenomenon echoes the emergence of a new “European quality crime film” in recent years. While stressing the potential contribution of the genre to the circulation of European cinema, the evident limits of its impact in this field are also examined. Finally, it looks more closely at the transnational circulation of contemporary Italian crime films to assess to what extent they have been able to find a transnational audience on a continental level. In this context, the importance to look beyond theatrical distribution and the centrality of intermedial exchanges are highlighted, indicating new directions for research. Article Is the increasing transnational dimension in the production, distribution and consumption of popular narratives helping to shape new European transcultural identities, or does it reveal the persistent cultural fragmentation and sociopolitical conflicts characterising Europe’s past and present? The research conducted in the frame of the DETECt project, from which this article originates, addresses this question by looking at the case of crime narratives, arguably the most successful, adaptable and enduring narrative genre in modern popular culture.[1] Drawing on previous research projects on the role of popular media in the process of European integration (Agger; Bondebjerg and Redvall; Bondebjerg et al.), as well as on a growing body of scholarship on the transcultural and transnational dimension of contemporary crime narratives (Damrosch, d’Haen and Nilsson), DETECt examined whether and how this genre has contributed to making “mediated cultural encounters” possible among different communities and individuals across the continent that facilitate the “banal Europeanisation” of the everyday experiences of millions of people (Bondebjerg et al. 4). This article builds on DETECt’s specific interest in the relationships among different mediaâliterature, cinema and televisionâwith the goal of assessing the particular role of crime films in this broader, intermedia context. In particular, the article argues that to study the transnational circulation of European crime cinema it is necessary to think of the genre as an inherently intermedial phenomenon, in which the success of discrete texts is less significant than the complex network of relationships in which they are included. The first section examines the role of the crime genreâand especially noirâin facilitating the emergence of new transcultural phenomena in European popular culture, especially in the fields of literature and television, discussing how the link between the genre and discourses about “quality” has become increasingly crucial for the transnational circulation of European popular narratives. The second section focuses on the field of cinema, engaging with scholarly analyses of the production and distribution of European crime films, which highlight the emergence of a new category: the “quality crime film” (Baschiera). In the third and final section I examine how the transnational circulation of Italian crime films perfectly illustrates this phenomenon, emphasising the centrality of intermediality in this trend. “Euro Noir”? On the Noirification of European Popular Narratives The DETECt project examined how the vast and in-depth circulation of popular crime narratives in Europe as well as elsewhere has facilitated the emergence of various glocal and transcultural phenomena, asking whether they can provide the opportunity for European creatives and audiences to identify as members of the same “imagined community”, which would make its European dimension apparent and could be embraced by individuals as well as groups across the continent. One way in which DETECt scholars have addressed this issue has been to examine the increasingly widespread use of labels such as “Nordic Noir”, “Mediterranean Noir” or “Euro Noir” to highlight the transnational and, often, properly transcultural dimension of these phenomena (Baetens, Schultze and Truyen; Baetens and Truyen; Dall’Asta, Levet and Pagello; Biscarrat and Jacquelin). As scholars have widely discussed, Nordic Noir has become a paradigmatic example not only of the ability of the (multi-nation) Scandinavian region to acquire a recognisable identity and to export its products across Europe and beyond, but also of the ability of this specific kind of crime narratives to influence the approach to the genre in many other parts of the continent, thus eliciting the emergence of new, hybrid cultural production (Creeber; Hansen, Peacock and Turnbull; Hansen). DETECt scholars SÃ¡ndor Kalai and Anna Keszeg have shown this process very clearly in their study of what has been called, quite paradoxically, “Hungarian Nordic Noir”. In a rather different way, the case of Mediterranean Noir has already provided ample evidence for the properly transcultural dimension of the crime narratives produced in the Southern part of the continent (Turnaturi). Focusing our attention on the cultural and ethnic diversity of this particular context, DETECt scholars highlighted that these crime narratives do not only cross national borders, but also Europe’s geographical boundaries, thus questioning any simplistic assumptions about how we think about European cultural identity (Pepper; Pezzotti). Also for this reason, DETECt scholars started to use the label “Euro Noir” to signal, rather than the existence of a homogenous phenomenon, that of a set of texts, trends, and questions indicating the increasingly interconnected relationships among popular narratives produced in different countries as well as different media across Europe. Interestingly, the term was first proposed by the British journalist and cultural critic Barry Forshaw in his Euro Noir: The Pocket Essential Guide to European Crime Fiction, Film & TV, a book that in spite of its title adopts a national perspective on its subject matter to explicitly emphasise the diversity and richness of the approaches found in each European country. DETECt literary scholars, however, started to adopt this label in studies focusing on the transnational circulation of European crime novels (Migozzi; Biscarrat and Jacquelin) and their common generic and cultural identity (Baetens; Baetens and Truyen). Looking at how the work of writers such as Fred Vargas, Andrea Camilleri, Jo Nesbo, Petroks Markaris and many others has been widely translated across the continent, Migozzi indeed argued that it is possible to identify a specific momentâbetween the late 1990s and the early 2000sâwhen literary markets across Europe opened up their doors to a much richer exchange of authors and stories from different European countries, reducing the traditional (Anglo-)American domination and promoting mutual exchange among the various national schools in the Old Continent.[2] “Euro Noir”, in this sense, becomes a label for this transnational and increasingly transcultural genre that results from the mutual influences among writers working in different parts of the continent. A similar process has recently also become apparent in the field of television, in which European crime dramas have quickly transformed in order to address the competition of the new, American “quality” series (Pagello, “Images”). As Kim Toft Hansen (a member of DETECt project), Steven Peacock and Sue Turnbull have argued, the success of Nordic Noir in this medium was just the first and clearest sign of how European crime TV dramas started to receive larger visibility on continental as well as global distribution platforms (2). This process has led to the development of a range of new strategies for the production and circulation of TV series and enriched the traditionally national dimension of European television and, particularly, PSBs. During the last decade, transnationally successful crime series were produced in countries such as France, Italy, Germany, Spain, the Netherlands, Belgium, Hungary, Romania and Poland, while the activities of (American) multinational corporations such as Sky, Netflix and HBO Europe have greatly increased the opportunities for audiences to access a variety of non-domestic European series that were previously inaccessible. The success of shows such as Peaky Blinders (BBC2/BBC1, 2013â), The Returned (Les Revenants, Canal+, 2013â2015), Gomorra (Sky, 2014â), Money Heist (La casa de papel, Antena 3/Netflix, 2017), Babylon Berlin (Sky, 2017â), and Dark (Netflix, 2017â2020) has not only proven the enhanced opportunities for European series to reach a truly continental audience, but have also offered stimulating representations of European society, history and current socio-political climate, using the crime genre and/or some of its stylistic features in varied ways (Dall’Asta, Levet and Pagello). This phenomenon has thus led DETECt scholars to suggest the label “Euro Noir” could cautiously be adopted to highlight not only the continental scale of these phenomena, but also their common features and ability to represent, and speak to, the shared experience of viewers across the continent (Hansen; Kalai and Keszeg; Dobrescu). To fully apprehend the nature of this trend, however, we should turn our attention not only to its European dimension, but also to the specific role of the crime genre, and particularly of noir. The literary and TV crime narratives mentioned above have been indeed regularly associated, even if sometimes perhaps arbitrarily, with one (or more) variants of this subgenre. In addition to the “Nordic”, “Mediterranean” and “Euro” variants, labels such as “regional noir”, “country noir” or “rural noir” have been used more and more often to describe the use of the genre to explore special space and socio-cultural context (Jacquelin), while local and national “schools” such as “Tartan Noir”, “Italian noir”, “Belgian Noir”, “Novela negra” and so on have acquired a continental and sometimes global resonance. But what is the contribution that such labels give to the circulation of crime novels and TV series on a transnational level? As literary and TV scholars have already suggested (Gorrara; Pieri 4; Steenberg), this article argues that the reference to noir genre is aimed at providing crime narratives with a “quality” status able to support the translation, adaptation and promotion of non-national cultural products in other European countries. The phenomenon first became visible in the field of literature. While long regarded as a popular pastime with scarce literary credentials, and with little or zero cultural capital, crime novels have become since the 1980s the object of a deep critical re-evaluation.[3] After moving rapidly from the fringes of literature to the very centre of the contemporary publishing industry, the genre then acquired through the process of adaptation an increasingly important role in a growingly interconnected media system that currently finds its most powerful distribution channel in contemporary digital television. It is precisely in this context that European publishers, critics and audiences first started to identifyâand to promote for an international audienceâthe novels written by authors as diverse as Jean-Pierre Manchette, Ian Rankin, Carlo Lucarelli, Jean-Claude Izzo, Andrea Camilleri, Fred Vargas, Hennik Mankell with the label of “noir”âperhaps not despite but because the term has always been disputed and, in some of these cases, might not even be entirely pertinent. As shown by literary and media scholars (Mondello; Jansen, Lanslots and Vermandere), during the 1990s authors and publishers more consciously embraced the brand “noir” both as a literary and a marketing strategy in order to differentiate their output from the mass of crime narratives. In particular, noir’s tendency to abandon some of the features of classical detective fiction to focus on social criticism, a darker representation of reality and a greater emphasis on the characters and the settings of the storiesârather than simply on the plotâhave been regularly stressed to provide these narratives with a patent of cultural legitimacy (Jansen, Lanslots and Vermandere 9). As is well known, the very same process has been at the centre of contemporary TV crime series, for instance in the crucial case of the promotion and reception of Nordic Noir (Hill and Turnbull). Here, the noir label helped to articulate a discourse about contemporary “quality” TV dramas as something different from “simple” crime series, emphasising the subgenre’s association with social critique, existentialist mood, elaborate stylistic strategies, multi-layered storylines and sombre antiheroes. In recent years, neo-noirâor “noirised”âseries have been now regularly used by all kinds of television producers and commissioners (public and private broadcasters, pay-TVs, OTTs) to compete in the increasingly crowded, but also appealing, market of transnational digital television. In the last decade this change has perhaps been even more evident in Europe than elsewhere, since the arrival of new players such as Sky, Netflix, Amazon or HBO has deeply transformed the production and distribution of scripted programmes, in particular by opening up a new international market for European TV series. Following the most influential American quality television seriesâfrom The Sopranos (HBO, 1999â2007)to True Detective (HBO, 2013â), from Dexter (Showtime, 2006â2013) to Ozark (Netflix, 2017â), from Breaking Bad (AMC, 2008â2013)to Fargo (FX, 2014)âan impressive percentage of the most successful European TV series have explicitly drawn on noir or neo-noir elements for their characters, stories, setting and/or style. Shows as diverse as the aforementioned The Killing, Peaky Blinders, Babylon Berlin, Money Heist and even the more classical Sherlock (BBC, 2010â)have been associated with the genre one way or another, as they effectively used the neo-noir elements to connect with these larger trends in international television. As clearly argued by Lindsay Steenberg, these series are received by the audiences, journalists and critics as “complex, realist, and significant” precisely because the noir filter is a very successful legitimation strategy. It is a mobilization of the tropes, aesthetics, and cultural myths circulating around film noir to call upon a history of critical acclaim and debate. The act of labelling something noir, particularly a visual fiction, is a way of insisting on its status as art. (62) The recent phase in the history of European crime narratives and, particularly, in their transnational circulation is thus deeply linked to the “re-branding” of the genre as something other than classic crime fiction, which seemed to have exhausted at least some of its potential and could survive only through a renewal that took the form of its “noirification”. This term has been proposed by the Italian scholar Massimo Locatelli in his monograph on contemporary crime narratives, Psicologia di un’emozione. Thriller e noir nell’etÃ dell’ansia, to indicate the widespread adoption by popular narratives across media of the themes, atmospheres, and stylistic features of noir, often in combination with other genres. Locatelli provides a variety of examples, referring to literature, film, comics and television series, embracing dramatic and comedic texts, art cinema and Hollywood franchises, children’s stories and adult-only imagery. Of course, this spread and contamination also necessarily involved a weakening of the genre’s, already notoriously precarious, borders and further increased the proliferation of hybrid texts, in which noir is only one of the elements and, often, not the most important. Precisely for this reason, however, I believe that “noirification” is a useful concept to illustrate how, while the “quality” of these “noirised” texts has been constantly questioned, this label has been widely adopted by producers, distributors and consumers to discuss these narratives and their transnational success. European Crime Film Between Auteur and Quality Cinema If the process of legitimisation and increasing transnational circulation has been so clear in the field of fiction and television, what happened in the field of European cinema, whose cultural capital and industrial system is certainly significantly different? To answer this question is not so straightforward: while DETECt scholars could benefit from the large scholarship that has been produced during the last decades on European crime novels and TV series, the situation in the field of film studies is largely different. In fact, studies on crime cinema that adopt a European perspective are extremely rare (Spicer), as scholars have tended to focus instead on specific historical periods, authors or national schools. In fact, it is possible to argue that research on European crime cinema is an underdeveloped field of study, and that neither its transnational or popular dimensions have received sufficient attention. Confirming well-established notions about the absence of a truly European popular cinema (Dyer and Vincenceau; Eleftheriotis), as well as the impression that European crime film has mostly developed on a national level (Spicer), DETECt scholars did find it difficult to identify comparable trends to those observed in other media. In fact, DETECt’s contribution to this field has been so far comparatively scarce and its most significant outputâStefano Baschiera’s article “European Crime Cinema and the Auteur”âemphasised the limited effort by European industries to invest in the production and promotion of popular crime films on a continental level. In particular, the issue does not seem to concern the lack of European crime films but rather their specific characteristics and the difficulties regarding their transnational circulation: the landscape is still dominated by comedies, grossing well at the local level, and heritage films, including nostalgia and historical films [â¦] the role of crime films is still marginal and of difficult categorisation, underlying more the permeability between art-house and mainstream (in a way not dissimilar from middlebrow productions like heritage or historical films) than presenting a clear generic identity. This is even more relevant considering the move away from the national context to consider a European approach. While there are examples of genrefication at the national level (from German’s krimis to French polar and Italian mafia films) it is also true that those phenomena are increasingly rare in contemporary European cinema. (Baschiera 5) In fact, despite the existence of numerous individual cases of critically acclaimed and commercially successful European crime films on a transnational level in the last few yearsâ from In Bruges (Martin MacDonagh, 2008)to The Girl With a Dragon Tatoo (MÃ¤n som hatar kvinnor, Niels Arden Oplevl, 2009), from A Prophet (Un prophÃ¨te, Jacques Audiard, 2013) to Victoria (Sebastian Schipper, 2015)âthe auteurist brand as a necessary tool to obtain visibility beyond the domestic borders continues to play a crucial role. Moreover, the traditional association of European crime cinema to national schools or subgenres primarily addressed to a domestic audience and/or to a limited niche of cinephiles makes it difficult for this type of film to address a truly continental audience on a regular basis. In this sense, Baschiera’s article seems to confirm previous studies that have emphasised not only the limited circulation of European crime films but also strong links to specific cultural contexts. This was indeed a main argument of the important collection of essays European Film Noir edited by Andrew Spicer in 2007, which emphasised how the identification of European cinema with art cinema and the specificities of the different national contexts have left their visible marks on this genre. As with the case of Forshaw’s Euro Noir, Spicer’s collection is indeed organised in sections that strictly refer to national areas (France, Great Britain, Germany, Spain and Italy), each emphasising their specificity and relative autonomy: The aspect of European film noir that emerges most strongly from this survey is its national specificity. In each country, noir and neo-noir have individual trajectories that reflect that nation’s history, its political organisation, its cultural traditions, the state of its film industry and the strengths of its cinematic culture. In each case, film noir and neo-noir frequently engage with social, political and cultural issues that are particular to that nation. This leads to marked variations in characterisation and in the construction of gender. There are also significant differences in visual style and aesthetics between the various countries, and also a wide variety within each separate national noir/neo-noir. (13â14) European Film Noir furthermore shows how the role of auteurs is also evident by presenting stylistic and thematic readings that highlight the aesthetic and cultural approaches adopted by European crime films, without taking into consideration their international circulation and their possible mutual influences. In fact, in his introduction to the book, Spicer explains how all these different European cinemas negotiate their identity primarily through their relationship to the model of American noir, effectively giving shape to a proper transnational and, his in words, “transcultural” phenomenon which, however, is generated through their common references to this external party rather than a direct connection to each other (17). While the mediation of Hollywood cinema is also stressed by Baschiera (5), his study takes us a little further, helping us identify both a new emerging trend and a different analytical perspective that can shed light on aspects that would be otherwise underestimated. Perfectly in line with the larger context discussed by DETECt scholars, Baschiera highlights how an exclusive focus on the relationship to American cinema implies “a missed opportunity to create the kind of links, connections and transnational influences which would allow an understanding and a conceptualisation of crime film as part of a European popular cinema” (9). On the contrary, Baschiera suggests giving more attention on the idea of the recent emergence of a European “quality” crime film, which he defines as “commercial productions with auteurist ambitions” and whose existence he links to the increasingly central role played by national broadcasters in the European film production (5).[4] As we will see in relation to the case of Italian cinema, discussed in the next section, this development has helped recent European crime films to find an international distribution, even if it often reaches only a small audience. While this phenomenon remains marginal, it suggests that we are witnessing a convergence of film industrial and aesthetic practices with the larger trends discussed above. Moreover, the centrality of intermedial relationships is directly linked to the opportunity for contemporary cinema to take advantage of a potentially global online distribution, which not only transcends national borders much more easily, but also emphasises the necessity of thinking about film as a specific area of an interconnected media system. On the Theatrical Distribution of Italian Crime Films In what follows, I will examine in particular information acquired from the International Movie Database (IMDb) and the European Audiovisual Observatory’s LUMIERE database to offer both a quantitative and qualitative assessment of this phenomenon. On the one hand, although IMDb’s categorisation must not be regarded as an objective classification about Italian film production, I suggest that an analysis of its labelling of Italian films can help us identify some significant clues about their international reception, as concerns both their visibility outside of the country and the way in which distributors and audiences think about “Italian crimecinema”. On the other hand, by looking at the LUMIERE data about the number of admissions for Italian crime films across Europe, I will examine how the films that have obtained at least some theatrical distribution on a continental level show the clear impact of the transnational and intermedial trends that I have discussed in the first part of this article, supporting the idea that we are witnessing the gradual emergence of a new, European approach to the genre also in the field of cinema. As regards the specific period taken into consideration by the DETECt projectâfrom 1989 to the presentâIMDb provides the titles of around 290 Italian feature films tagged with the label “crime”.[5] What this corpus makes immediately clear is that a large percentage of these titles do not actually refer to genre films or, in many cases, that their main generic features do not fall within the crime genre. In most cases these films are examples of auteur cinema or social, political or historical dramas or comedies that include â and, sometimes, focus on â a variety of criminal activities and events, often anchored in Italy’s reality: as a matter of fact, these films incorporate or touch upon elements of the crime genre but do not resolutely adopt the well-established conventions of crime narratives. In this sense, the IMDb corpus confirms the idea that many Italian “crime” films engage with crime more as a thematic elementthan as a genre informing the films’ narrative structures or stylistic features, thus echoing the scholarly analyses about the superimposition of art cinema and the crime genre discussed in the previous section. By looking at the IMDb list, in fact, it is possible to argue that such an approach is not limited to the films that aim to obtain an international audience, but it is common to the majority of Italian “crime” films. If we then look at the data collected by the European Audiovisual Observatory’s LUMIERE database about the admissions to Italian films in theatres across the continent, we verify how the number of films from the IMDb list that actually received at least some international attention is surprisingly limited, and that their box office results are rather disappointing. In fact, less than ten per cent of the films labelled by IMDb as “crime” seem to have reached more than a few thousand viewers through their theatrical distribution outside of the country. According to the LUMIERE database, which has collected such data since 1996, only nine of these films have sold more than 100,000 tickets in the European region (including Russia), and only twenty-four sold more than 10,000 tickets throughout the last twenty five years (see Table 1). While bearing in mind the biases in IMDb’s categorisation system and its extremely broad definition of the notion of “crime film”, these figures prove that the transnational circulation of Italian “crime” films, at least as concerns their theatrical distribution, is extremely limited, if not non-existent. The following considerations aim therefore to show that, in spite of such small absolute numbers, these films participate in a much wider network of exchanges in the fields of fiction and television and that they both benefit to a certain extent from the emergence of a transnational popular culture on a continental level. Of course, it is also necessary to consider that Italian crime films could be now potentially distributed through a variety of digital platforms, which would provide the opportunity for a much more extensive and extended exposure to transnational audiences.[6] It is precisely through these different channels of distribution that the intermedial dimension of European crime cinema might fully emerge in the future, emphasising how crime films are actually part of much broader narrative worlds that European viewers and readers might encounter in a variety of media contexts. If we look more closely at the shortlist in Table 1, the analysis of European crime cinema described in the previous section seems indeed to be confirmed. Almost all of these films combine the themes or some of the stylistics features typical of the crime genre with clear markers of an authorial brand, literary credentials and/or an explicit engagement with the national history or contemporary social reality. Films such as One Hundred Steps (I cento passi, Marco Tullio Giordana, 2002), The Consequences of Love (Le conseguenze dell’amore, Paolo Sorrentino, 2004), My Brother Is an Only Child (Mio fratello Ã¨ figlio unico, Daniele Lucchetti, 2007), Gomorrah (Gomorra, Matteo Garrone, 2008), Human Capital (Il capitale umano, Paolo VirzÃ¬, 2013),Black Souls (Anime nere, Francesco Munzi, 2014), Dogman (Matteo Garrone, 2018) or The Traitor (Il traditore, Marco Bellocchio, 2019) are indeed primarily auteur films and/or socio-political dramas, sometimes adapted from literary sources and, specifically, from the work of writers dealing with criminal factsâoften based on real eventsâas opposed to novels written by crime-fiction specialists. While their real or supposed links to the crime genre should not be underplayed, especially when thinking about their box-office results in the domestic market, these films certainly did not obtain an international distribution because of their potential generic identity, but rather as a result of the cultural capital as well as the commercial value attached to these other features. It is indeed no coincidence that eight of the first ten films in this list premiered at international film festivals such as Cannes or Berlin, more than half received major national and international prizes (including the European Film Awards) and, above all, most of them were signed by some (if not almost all) of the main contemporary Italian directors.[7] Besides this superimposition of the authors’ brand and the crime genre, however, other characteristics of these films become immediately visible by adopting the intermedial perspective discussed above. Half of the titles in this list, and seven in the first ten, are adaptations from literary sources (I include in this category Saviano’s Gomorrah, despite its non-fictional topic). In the cases of Romanzo criminale (Michele Placido, 2005), Gomorrah, Suburra (Stefano Sollima, 2015) and Piranhas (La paranza dei bambini, Claudio Giovannesi, 2019), then, we are dealing with adaptations of books, by authors such as Saviano and De Cataldo (the latter one of the most successful contemporary Italian crime writers), that had already obtained international fame and that were soon to be turned into even more popular TV series. Part of truly cross-media crime narratives, these films build on pre-sold properties in order to aim for an international audience (Boni; Benvenuti; Guerra, Martin and Rimini). This is especially obvious in the case of Suburra, which was conceived simultaneously with the TV series (a coproduction between the American multinational Netflix and national Italian broadcaster RAI) to be released a couple of years later: the film therefore served as a sort of cinematic pilot for the show, which is in fact a prequel of both the original book and its adaptation for the screen. This example has often been indicated as the clearest sign of an industrial and aesthetic convergence between Italian film and television, which in recent years has led to the creation of a variety of films and TV series that were conceived from the beginning as part of a “dual” strategy, involving the production and distribution of different versions of the same projects via the two media (Barra and Scaglioni). Other filmsâI’m Not Scared (Io non ho paura,Gabriele Salvatores, 2004), My Brother is an Only Child, The Goodbye Kiss (Arrivederci amore ciao,Michele Soavi, 2006), Human Capital, La ragazza nella nebbia (Donato Carrisi, 2017)âare adaptations of non-serial bestsellers in Italy, all written by well-known writers and sometimes the recipients of important literary as well as film awards. Some of these books are real examples of crime fiction, while others are primarily linked to the genre because of the themes they explore (i.e., political violence, mafia, media representation of crime). The notion “quality crime cinema” as described by Baschiera seems in fact perfectly suited to describe the majority of these films.[8] As with their literary and television counterparts, they combine the thematic or generic elements of the crime genre with the marks of a certain kind of social realism, political commitment, and aesthetic ambition to acquire the cultural legitimacy that appears to be the necessary element to gain international visibility. By adopting the intermedial perspective proposed above, Locatelli’s concept of “noirification” seems helpful in this context: while European film distributors, critics and scholars do not necessarily use the “noir” or “neo-noir” labels with the same nonchalance that we have noticed in the field of literature and television, that particularly broad use of the term could be easily applied to virtually all of the Italian crime films that have circulated abroad. In fact, eleven of these titles are based on noir novels to highlight how, for this very reason, the national and international promotion of these films have certainly benefitted, even if indirectly, from the cultural legitimationâand the related commercial potentialâof this label in the field contemporary popular fiction. In addition to the novels previously discussed, the case of I’m Not Scared is significant in this respect as it is an adaptation of a work by one of the most popular contemporary Italian noir writers, NiccolÃ² Ammaniti, who has deeply influenced the development of the genre in fiction, film and television. The Goodbye Kiss is the adaptation of a novel written by the most important Italian proponent of the idea of “Mediterranean Noir”, Massimo Carlotto, whose activitiy has been extremely important for the development of this label, in Italy and elsewhere (Jansen, Lanslots and Vermandere 89â154). Equally telling is the case of Paolo VirzÃ¬’s adaptation of Stephen Amidon’s novel Human Capital, originally set in Connecticut and turned into a noir film exploring the social and economic reality of Northern Italy. Donato Carrisi’s La ragazza nella nebbia and Into the Labyrinth (2019) are also indicative of the same trend. The two novels from which they were adapted (by their own author) did not obtain the same critical legitimisation as other writers discussed here; however, Carrisi’s move into the field of cinema immediately provided at least the first of them with the status of “quality”, as La ragazza nella nebbia received four prizes at the most important national film awardsâthe David di Donatelloâincluding the prize as the “Best Debuting Director”.[9] The idea of “noirification”, moreover, can help us identify other traits of these films that are specific to the fields of cinema and television. Almost all of the titles in this list that are not adaptations of noir novels can and indeed have been seen as instances of the approach to noir cinema typical of contemporary European art cinema or quality TV series. Sorrentino’s The Consequences of Love, Placido’s Angel of Evil (Vallanzasca: gli angeli del male, 2010), Sollima’s A.C.A.B. (A.C.A.B. All Cops Are Bastards, 2012), Garrone’s Dogman (2018), Carpignano’s The Ciambra (A Ciambra, 2018), and the D’Innocenzo brothers’ Boys Cry (La terra dell’abbastanza, 2018) clearly borrow at least some of the stylistic features of neo-noir, gangster films and/or TV series to insert themselves in these larger trends typical of contemporary film and television. Combining their more or less explicit authorial approach with these elements, they prove how it is possible to stress that a “noirification” specific to contemporary European cinema is also at work, and also in this sector it serves as an efficient tool to acquire the marks of “quality” that help the films obtain an international recognition. As a matter of fact, if we compare the data about the transnational circulation of Italian crime films with that of Italian (anf European) films in generalâwhich are still dominated by the figure of the director, international coproductions and a few unexpectedly successful comedies (Scaglioni 24â5)âwe might argue that crime is perhaps the only popular genre that to some extent has contributed to the export of Italian films, even when this effort was not entirely satisfying. Confirming the same trend identified in the fields of fiction and television âand, of course, building directly and indirectly on their exampleâItalian cinema proves that the combination of some artistic ambition with the intermedial, commercial logic promoted by the crime genre has given shape to “quality” films that might potentially compete on the continental market. Rather than evaluating the absolute number of the circulation of these films outside of the country in purely quantitative terms, it seems more useful to look at the crime genre from an intermedial perspective and to insert the performance at the box office in the larger process of transmedia and transnational circulation of crime narratives. Conclusion In this article I have engaged with the research conducted in the frame of the DETECt project on the production and circulation of crime narratives in different media to assess whether and how European crime cinema contributes to the shaping of new, transnational and transcultural popular culture. Looking at data about the circulation of Italian crime films, it is possible to understand the specificity of cinema’s role in this context, identifying both the limited reach of theatrical distribution on a transnational level and the impact of the authorial approach on the films’ ability to fully participate in mainstream popular culture. In spite of these issues, the article has emphasised how an intermedial approach shows that contemporary European crime narratives have become more and more central in many creative industries precisely as a result of a process of cultural legitimisation, and how it is exactly as a result of this phenomenon that they have found increasingly wider opportunities to cross national borders. The notion of “noirification” has been used in this sense to highlight how it is precisely through the adoption of a notion of “quality” that European crime narratives are gradually getting more attention by mainstream creatives, producers as well as critics, and are currently reaching larger transnational audiences than in previous decades. As a complex and contradictory phenomenon, the adoption of the themes and the stylistic features of noir to promote these works from both a cultural and a commercial point of view cannot but lead to a variety of approaches and results, largely depending on the specific media with which they engage and national contexts from which and to which they travel. On the one hand, the process of legitimation inevitably implies that the genre could reduce its ability to speak to a mass audience, often targeting primarily the educated urban middle classes or, in the case of cinema, the niche audience of hardcore cinephiles. On the other hand, a significant number of European crime novels, films and TV series have proven able to combine their ambitious thematic and stylistic features with the relatively successful attempt to capture an international public. Whether this trend will further consolidate and strengthen the European nature of these phenomena is arguably a question for the future. Whatever the case, it might be helpful to remark that these phenomena somehow parallel the current state of European cultural integration: if popular culture has contributed to increase the opportunities for cultural encounters among citizens across the continent, it is clear that this process has been largely uneven and is marked by many dramatic ambiguities as well as serious resistances. Table 1: Films tagged as “crime” on IMDb, with data about non-domestic theatrical admission from the LUMIERE database. Acknowedgement The research presented here has been financed by the research project DETECt â Detecting Transcultural Identity in European Popular Crime Narratives (Horizon 2020, 2018â2021) [Grant agreement number 770151].
5438	dbpedia	1	57	https://www.luka.in.rs/movie%3Fid%3D938470249	en	Cinema Circle 2			[]	[]	[]	[ "Movie", "TV Series" ]	null	[ "Sasa Markovic" ]	null	Movies I Like	en	/graphics/favicon.png		null
5438	dbpedia	3	19	https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/solinas-script-award-finds-home-151411/	en	Solinas script award finds home at Rome fest	https://www.hollywoodrep…icon-512x512.png	https://www.hollywoodrep…icon-512x512.png	[ "https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=6035310&c4=&cv=3.9&cj=1", "https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/25cover.lores_.jpg?w=1154", "https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/25cover.lores_.jpg?w=1154", "https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/wp-content/themes/vip/pmc-hollywoodreporter-2021/assets/public/lazyload-fallback.gif", "https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/wp-content/themes/vip/pmc-hollywoodreporter-2021/assets/public/lazyload-fallback.gif", "https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/GettyImages-1797445841.jpg?w=260&h=150&crop=1", "https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/GettyImages-1634837561.jpg?crop=0px%2C220px%2C7494px%2C4193px&resize=260%2C150", "https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/GettyImages-1672655072.jpg?crop=0px%2C213px%2C4955px%2C2773px&resize=260%2C150", "https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/TooTurntTony-Anthony-Dawson-Credit-Amber-Jameson1.jpg?crop=0px%2C761px%2C1630px%2C914px&resize=260%2C150", "https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Dave-Hudakoc_headshot.png?crop=0px%2C7px%2C1262px%2C707px&resize=260%2C150", "https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/GettyImages-1968452588.jpg?crop=0px%2C52px%2C4410px%2C2467px&resize=260%2C150", "https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/wp-content/themes/vip/pmc-hollywoodreporter-2021/assets/public/lazyload-fallback.gif", "https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/wp-content/themes/vip/pmc-hollywoodreporter-2021/assets/public/lazyload-fallback.gif", "https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/wp-content/themes/vip/pmc-hollywoodreporter-2021/assets/public/lazyload-fallback.gif", "https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/wp-content/themes/vip/pmc-hollywoodreporter-2021/assets/public/lazyload-fallback.gif", "https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/wp-content/themes/vip/pmc-hollywoodreporter-2021/assets/public/lazyload-fallback.gif", "https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/wp-content/themes/vip/pmc-hollywoodreporter-2021/assets/public/lazyload-fallback.gif", "https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/wp-content/themes/vip/pmc-hollywoodreporter-2021/assets/public/lazyload-fallback.gif", "https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/wp-content/themes/vip/pmc-hollywoodreporter-2021/assets/public/lazyload-fallback.gif", "https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/wp-content/themes/vip/pmc-hollywoodreporter-2021/assets/public/lazyload-fallback.gif", "https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/wp-content/themes/vip/pmc-hollywoodreporter-2021/assets/public/lazyload-fallback.gif", "https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/wp-content/themes/vip/pmc-hollywoodreporter-2021/assets/public/lazyload-fallback.gif", "https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/wp-content/themes/vip/pmc-hollywoodreporter-2021/assets/public/lazyload-fallback.gif", "https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/wp-content/themes/vip/pmc-hollywoodreporter-2021/assets/public/lazyload-fallback.gif", "https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/wp-content/themes/vip/pmc-hollywoodreporter-2021/assets/public/lazyload-fallback.gif", "https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/wp-content/themes/vip/pmc-hollywoodreporter-2021/assets/public/lazyload-fallback.gif", "https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/wp-content/themes/vip/pmc-hollywoodreporter-2021/assets/public/lazyload-fallback.gif", "https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/wp-content/themes/vip/pmc-hollywoodreporter-2021/assets/public/lazyload-fallback.gif", "https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0238/6647/products/2019_37_540x.jpg", "https://pixel.quantserve.com/pixel?a.1=&a.2=p-31f3D02tYU8zY" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Eric J. Lyman", "The Associated Press" ]	2007-10-02T05:00:00+00:00	ROME -- The fledgling RomaCinemaFest will become the permanent home to one of Italy's best-acknowledged screenwriting prizes, plaudit organizers said Monday.	en	https://www.hollywoodrep…cons/favicon.png	The Hollywood Reporter	https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/solinas-script-award-finds-home-151411/	ROME — The fledgling RomaCinemaFest will become the permanent home to one of Italy’s best-acknowledged screenwriting prizes, plaudit organizers said Monday. The second annual festival will lend the backdrop to this year’s Solinas Awards for screenwriting, which will be dished out Oct. 24 during the Rome event. Founded in 1985, the Solinas Awards — named after Oscar-nominated Italian screenwriter Franco Solinas, who died in 1982 — have been presented in several locations around Italy throughout their 22-year history. But organizers said they have found a home for it at the RomaCinemaFest. The Rome festival runs Oct. 18-27.
5438	dbpedia	1	16	https://kinoteka.mk/en/film-program-may-2021-in-the-summer-cinema-a-quiet-summer/	en	FILM PROGRAM MAY 2021 IN THE SUMMER CINEMA “A QUIET SUMMER”	https://kinoteka.mk/wp-c…-Cinema-web1.jpg	https://kinoteka.mk/wp-c…-Cinema-web1.jpg	[ "https://kinoteka.mk/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/kinologowhite.png", "https://kinoteka.mk/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/kinologoblack.png", "https://kinoteka.mk/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/res/flags/en.png", "https://kinoteka.mk/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/res/flags/mk.png", "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d7ce66890b54ced2f66ca6e92717a7fa?s=50&d=mm&r=g", "https://kinoteka.mk/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Pane-e-cioccolata.jpg", "https://kinoteka.mk/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/roko.jpg", "https://kinoteka.mk/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/MV5BYjUyZTE3NWQtMTg4MC00OWMyLTljZDItMDkzM2U2MDkwNzQ0XkEyXkFqcGdeQXVyMTAxMDQ0ODk@._V1_.jpg", "https://kinoteka.mk/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/MV5BMTdlNWNmYTktZjY0NS00MDM5LThlM2MtNTdhMWE1ZDk3MWI3XkEyXkFqcGdeQXVyMzIwNDY4NDI@._V1_.jpg", "https://kinoteka.mk/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/MV5BNjdlNmExMzUtMzM3OC00OGI4LWJmYWQtNDE5MzNmZjAwNzE1XkEyXkFqcGdeQXVyMzU0NzkwMDg@._V1_.jpg", "https://kinoteka.mk/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/MV5BMGY3ZjI4MzYtYTg2Ni00YTNkLWFmYjctYzIwNWY4MmFjMTc0XkEyXkFqcGdeQXVyMzIzNDU1NTY@._V1_.jpg", "https://kinoteka.mk/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/MV5BZDFhMmJlMjItZTk4Yi00YjRhLTgxMDgtM2QzNjA5MDQ1OWVkXkEyXkFqcGdeQXVyNTA0OTU0OTQ@._V1_.jpg", "https://kinoteka.mk/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/ECmedia-en-white-Converti.jpg", "https://kinoteka.mk/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/res/flags/mk.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Damjana Ivanovska" ]	2021-05-21T17:52:08+02:00	ITALIAN FILM WEEK MAY 17 (MONDAY), 20:00h. BREAD AND CHOCOLATE (Pane e cioccolata) Feature film, Italy 1973, 115 min., Color, DCP Directed by Franco Brusati Screenplay: Franco Brusati, Jaja Fiastri, Nino Manfredi Cast: Nino Manfredi, Anna Carina, Johnny Dorelli, Hugo A bitter comedy about the maladaptation of the Italian economic emigrant in Switzerland Nino Garofalo	en	https://kinoteka.mk/wp-c…oblack-32x32.png	Кинотека на Македонија - Официјалниот веб портал на Кинотека на Македонија	https://kinoteka.mk/en/film-program-may-2021-in-the-summer-cinema-a-quiet-summer/	ITALIAN FILM WEEK MAY 17 (MONDAY), 20:00h. BREAD AND CHOCOLATE (Pane e cioccolata) Feature film, Italy 1973, 115 min., Color, DCP Directed by Franco Brusati Screenplay: Franco Brusati, Jaja Fiastri, Nino Manfredi Cast: Nino Manfredi, Anna Carina, Johnny Dorelli, Hugo A bitter comedy about the maladaptation of the Italian economic emigrant in Switzerland Nino Garofalo (played by Nino Manfredi). Nino is a worker who tries, but can not fit into the Swiss mentality: he is constantly in conflict with the police, because with his unbridled southern temperament he disturbs the “cold” Swiss. Nino soon meets new people, finds new work engagements, but he has to hide his Italian origin from everyone. Despite everything, he does not give up to “conquer” Switzerland … Director Franco Brusati (1920-1993) was a lawyer by education, and began his career as a journalist. He began working as a screenwriter with directors Latuada, Rossellini and other representatives of Italian neorealism, and made his directorial debut in 1956 with the film I AM THE BOSS (Il padrone sono me). The most important titles in his filmography, apart from BREAD AND CHOCOLATE, are TO FORGET VENICE (Dimenticare Venezia, 1979), who was the Italian representative for “Oscar”, DISORDER (Disordine 1967), GOOD SOLDIER(Il buon soldato 1982), etc. … BREAD AND CHOCOLATE won the Silver Bear at the 1974 Berlinale, the David Di Donatello National Awards in several categories, the New York and Kansas Film Critics Awards, and dozens of other nominations. Age category: 14 years Ticket: free entrance ITALIAN FILM WEEK MAY 18 (TUESDAY), 20:00 h. MY NAME IS ROCCO PAPALEO (Permette? Rocco Papaleo) Feature film, Italy 1971, 106 min., Color, DCP Directed by: Ettore Scola Screenplay: Ettore Scola, Ruggero Maccari Cast: Marcello Mastroianni, Lauren Hutton, Tom Reed, Margot Novak Rocco Papaleo (Mastroianni) is a simple-hearted and kind Italian immigrant who arrived in the United States 20 years ago with the intention of making a successful career as a professional boxer. Instead, he works in a mine in Alaska. During a trip to Chicago with friends, with the intention of having fun in the big city, Rocco gets lost in the city crowds. He meets various picturesque characters, he also meets a beautiful girl-model (Hutton), but he does not find the desired hospitality … Ettore Scola (1931-2016) is one of the most striking representatives of Italian cinema from the second half of the last century. His film ONE UNUSUAL DAY (Una giornata particolare, 1977): winner of the Golden Globe, also nominated for an Oscar; Nomination for Best Actor (Mastroianni) – is among the most famous of the 40 titles in his career, including the films UGLY, DIRTY, EVIL (Brutti, sporchi e cattivi, 1976), WE LOVED EACHOTHER VERY MUCH (C’eravamo Tanto Amati , 1974), BAL (Le bal, 1983), etc. Scola has won numerous awards at many of the most prestigious European film festivals in Venice, Cannes, Moscow…. Age category: 14 years Ticket: free entrance ITALIAN FILM WEEK MAY 19 (WEDNESDAY), 20:00h. SAKO AND VANCETI (Sacco and Vanzetti) Feature film, Italy / France 1971, 125 min., Color / black and white, DCP Directed by Giuliano Montaldo Screenplay: Fabrizio Onofri, Giuliano Montaldo Cast: Gian Maria Volontè, Riccardo Cucciolla, Cyril Cusack Another representative of Italian neorealism. The story of SAKO AND VANCETI – which also flirts with the spaghetti western style – is based on one of the most controversial legal cases in the United States in the early 20th century. Sako and Vancetti are Italian immigrants to the United States. They are anarchists, accused of first-degree murder, and unjustly sentenced to death by executing an electric chair, but not because of a crime (armed robbery), but because of their political convictions. Their case was widely publicized in the United States as a political process filled with anti-immigrant and anti-Italian motives … SACO AND VANCETI of Montaldo was the winner of the Avellino Non-Realistic Film Festival (Best Picture and Best Actor: Cucciola); Cucciola also won the Palme d’Or (GOLDEN PALM), and Montaldo was nominated for the prestigious Cannes Award in 1971. The music in the film is by legendary composer Ennio Morricone, and several songs are performed by singer Joan Baez. Age category: 14 years Ticket: free entrance ITALIAN FILM WEEK MAY 20 (THURSDAY), 20:00 THE NEW WORLD (Nuomomondo / Golden Door) Feature film, Italy / France 2006, 118 min., Color, DCP Directed by Emanuele Crialese Screenplay: Emanuele Crialese Cast: Charlotte Gainsbourg, Vincenzo Amato, Vincent Schiavelli THE NEW WORLD (or GOLDEN GATE) is the third feature film by Chrialesse, a Roman of Sicilian descent. As in many other titles in Italian cinema – in fact, as well as this selection of titles in “Italian Film Week” – Chrialeze deals with the phenomenon of Italian emigration to the world in the early 20th century. Chrialeze’s story deals with the famous theme of the emigration of the family of Salvatore Mancuso (Amato) from poor Sicily, full of superstition, to a new world full of promises:USA. Traveling by boat is difficult and arduous, especially in the claustrophobic shipwreck, intended for travelers with the cheapest tickets. When such crushed travelers reach the promised land, they await the insensitive officials on Ellis Island, that “golden gate” of the United States, where they have to go through quarantine and bureaucratic procedures. THE NEW WORLD is a film made up of three visual parts: the first highlights the poetic landscapes of hilly and stony Sicily and its inhabitants with pagan customs and beliefs. In the second part, Salvatore, who constantly dreams of America, despite the fierce opposition of his mother (that patriarchal icon in Mediterranean cinema) sells out all his property. In the third, on the other hand, one step closer to the American soil, the mysterious beauty Lucy (Ginsbourg) appears, an elegant woman of mysterious origin, who will partially direct the fate of the male members of the Mancuso family … Chrialeze’s NEW WORLD has got around 50 awards and nominations. In addition to the Silver Lion in Venice and several independent jury awards at the festival, Chrialezé’s film also triumphed at the David Di Donatello National Film Awards in Italy, then at the Capri Film Festival in Hollywood, and the Golden Apricot in Yerevan, Armenia, and a dozen other festivals around the world. Age category: 14 years Ticket: free entrance ITALIAN FILM WEEK MAY 21 (FRIDAY), 20:00h. A GIRL IN AUSTRALIA (Bello, onesto, emigrato in Australia sposerebbe compaesana illibata) Feature film, Italy / Australia 1971, 113 min., Color, DCP Directed by Luigi Zampa Screenplay: Luigi Zampa, Rodolfo Sonego Cast: Alberto Sordi, Claudia Cardinale, Ricardo The young peasant Carmela (Cardinale) wants to escape poverty and prostitution as the only means of subsistence, so she accepts the offer of the local priest – to be the bride in a contract marriage with the Italian emigrant Amedeo (Sordi) in Australia and move to the distant continent. Amedeo is a telephone technician working in hard-to-reach areas of Australia. Shy as he is, girls are hard to reach . He wants to get married, so he “orders” a bride from his native Italy “by mail”. He chooses the prostitute Carmela who no longer wants to work in the oldest profession, but in order to lure her to Australia, he sends a photo in the letter of his friend Giuseppe (Garone), who is more beautiful than him. When Carmela receives the letter with the marriage proposal and the photo of the groom, she agrees to travel to Australia. But when she meets Amedeo, she refuses to marry him: her choice is Giuseppe. Amedeo must devise a way to conquer Carmela and marry her … The main actors in this Italian comedy with a long title won the audience and the critics: Claudia Cardinale won the national award of Italian cinematography “David Di Dinatello” for best female role in 1972, and Alberto Sordi was nominated for best actor by the Italian Film Critics Syndicate. . Age category: 14 years Ticket: free entrance ITALIAN FILM WEEK MAY 22 (SATURDAY), 20:00 THE TRIO GOES TO VOTE (Bianco, rosso and Verdone) Feature film, Italy 1981, 110 min., Color, DCP Directed by Carlo Verdone Screenplay: Leonardo Benvenuti, Piero De Bernardi, Carlo Verdone Cast: Carlo Verdone, Elena Fabrizi, Irina Sanpiter Carlo Verdone is the director, screenwriter and actor in this Italian comedy. The story is about three Italians who go to the their hometown on the day of the parliamentary elections. Pasquale is an Italian immigrant living in Munich, Germany, and is heading to the town of Matera in southern Italy, happy to spend at least a few days in his homeland, even though the country of his nostalgic memories is completely different from reality. Furio travels from Turin to Rome, so when he goes to vote, his wife Magda thinks he wants to run away from her. Mimo, on the other hand, is a young man traveling from Verona to Rome with his grandmother: He is constantly worried about her health, while his grandmother is completely cold-blooded … The roles of Pasquale, Furio and Mimo – are played by Verdone himself. The film is produced by Sergio Leone and music by Ennio Morricone and his collaborator Mario Brega; This team previously became known for the compositions from the “spaghetti westerns”, more precisely, after the so-called “Dollar” trilogy. Verdone’s film received several nominations for the David Di Donatello Award, and Elena Fabrici won the Italian Film Critics Syndicate Award for Best Young Actress. Age category: 14 years Ticket: free entrance ITALIAN FILM WEEK MAY 23 (SUNDAY), 20:00 WELCOME TO THE SOUTH (Benvenuti al sud ) Feature film, Italy 2010, 102 min., Color, DCP Directed by Luca Miniero Screenplay: Massimo Gaudioso, Dany Boon Cast: Claudio Bizio, Alessandro Ciani, Angela Finocchiaro Alberto (Bizio) is a postman in the small town of Brianzi in northern Italy. At the urging of his wife Sylvia (Finociaro) he tries at all costs to get a transfer to Milan. Alberto will try to present himself as disabled, but will be caught in the scam, and after punishment will be transferred to duty in a small place in the south of Italy. Alberto is forewarned that all the inhabitants of the Italian South are lazy and connected with the mafia, because they do not work honestly and hard. But, to his own surprise, Alberto realizes that he has adapted very well to the new environment, he even enjoys it there, making friends with his new colleague, the postman Mattio … After studying literature, Mineiro (1967) worked on numerous marketing campaigns, radio and TV productions with his collaborator Paolo Genovese. After the success of several short films in 2001, they co-produced a feature version of one of them, NAPLES MAGIC (Incantesimo napoletano), and Mineiro later continued his directing career on his own. WELCOME TO THE SOUTH is the most watched film in Italy in 2010, and won ten awards and thirty nominations in the country and the world: the Capri Film Festival in Hollywood, the “David Di Donatello” Awards, European Film Awards, Italian “Golden Globe”… Age category: 14 years Ticket: free entrance SKOPJE FILM FESTIVAL 2021 MAY 25 (TUESDAY), 20:00h. CHAIR Feature film, Macedonia 2021, 16 min., Color, DCP Directed by: Dafina Shekutkovska Screenplay: Dafina Shekutovska MARCH FOR DIGNITY Documentary film, Great Britain 2020, 80 min., Color, DCP Directed by John Eames Screenplay: John Eames, Cassandra Roberts This feature-length documentary follows a small group of LGBT + activists in Tbilisi, Georgia, as they try to organize the country’s first “Pride March”. They face strong opposition from far-right groups, the government and the Georgian Orthodox Church, which are inciting violent attacks on the LGBT + community. With the coveted membership of the European Union and anti-Russian sentiment on the political agenda, Georgians are at a turning point in history, where they must choose to fight for progress and human rights, or to succumb to greater Russian influence. In the midst of these geopolitical turmoils, the dedicated organizers of the “Pride March” in Tbilisi are bravely striving to be visible in their country … Age category: 16 years Ticket: free entrance MAY 26 (WEDNESDAY), 12:00h. AWARDING THE RECOGNITION OF THE CINEMATHEQUE “GOLDEN LENS” SKOPJE FILM FESTIVAL 2021 MAY 26 (WEDNESDAY), 20:00h. LILY (Lili) Documentary film, Macedonia 2021, 21 min., Color, DCP Directed by Ana Andonova Screenplay: Ana Andonova A story about a young civil activist Lily Nazarov from Azerbaijan, who is persecuted by the authorities in his country. Lily tries to make a living from the art he creates in the countries where he resides. He was in Turkey, he stayed in Macedonia, and he plans to continue his journey in Albania … In every country where he stays, Lily creates a mural. In Macedonia, in Tetovo, his mural depicts three women killed in Azerbaijan. A 20-year-old girl committed suicide due to pressure from the family, then there is a transgender person, and a woman who was killed by her father-in-law. SILENT VOICE (Silent Voice) Documentary, France / Belgium 2020, 51 min., Color, DCP Directed by: Reka Valerik Screenplay: Anaïs Lloret, Reka Valerik Hawaii is a young fighter (style: mixed martial arts) from Chechnya who emigrated to Belgium. He had to hide from his compatriots after his brother discovered that Hawaii was gay. The events he survived left him in a state of shock and he lost his voice. With the help of a Belgian organization that protects young men like Hawaii, he learns to speak again and tries to find his place in the new country. Communication with his family is impossible – his only contact with the home is the voice messages on the phone from his mother. Meanwhile, Kadyrov’s tyrannical regime is behind his heels. It is possible that members of the Chechen diaspora in Belgium will inform for him, so he has to create a new identity. The film follows his moves and testifies to his struggle to “recreate” himself. The results are disturbing, but also shocking … Age category: 16 years Ticket: free entrance <… In case of rain, the projectionss will be held in the cinema hall of the Cinematheque…>
5438	dbpedia	2	14	https://www.festivaldelcinemaeuropeo.com/ed21/en/events/7-chili-in-7-giorni-2/	en	7 CHILI IN 7 GIORNI	https://www.festivaldelc…N-7-GIORNI-1.jpg	https://www.festivaldelc…N-7-GIORNI-1.jpg	[ "https://www.festivaldelcinemaeuropeo.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Festival-del-cinema-europeo-logo_120_w.png", "https://www.festivaldelcinemaeuropeo.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Festival-del-cinema-europeo-logo_120_w.png", "https://www.festivaldelcinemaeuropeo.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Festival-del-cinema-europeo-logo_120_b.png", "https://www.festivaldelcinemaeuropeo.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Festival-del-cinema-europeo-logo_120_b.png", "https://www.festivaldelcinemaeuropeo.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Festival-del-cinema-europeo-logo_120_b.png", "https://www.festivaldelcinemaeuropeo.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Festival-del-cinema-europeo-logo_120_w.png", "https://www.festivaldelcinemaeuropeo.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Festival-del-cinema-europeo-logo_120_w.png", "https://www.festivaldelcinemaeuropeo.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Festival-del-cinema-europeo-logo_120_w.png", "https://www.festivaldelcinemaeuropeo.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Festival-del-cinema-europeo-logo_120_b.png", "https://www.festivaldelcinemaeuropeo.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Festival-del-cinema-europeo-logo_120_b.png", "https://www.festivaldelcinemaeuropeo.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Festival-del-cinema-europeo-logo_120_b.png", "https://www.festivaldelcinemaeuropeo.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Festival-del-cinema-europeo-logo_120_b.png", "https://www.festivaldelcinemaeuropeo.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Festival-del-cinema-europeo-logo_120_b.png", "https://www.festivaldelcinemaeuropeo.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Festival-del-cinema-europeo-logo_120_w.png", "https://www.festivaldelcinemaeuropeo.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Festival-del-cinema-europeo-logo_120_w.png", "https://www.festivaldelcinemaeuropeo.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Festival-del-cinema-europeo-logo_120_w.png", "https://www.festivaldelcinemaeuropeo.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Festival-del-cinema-europeo-logo_120_b.png", "https://www.festivaldelcinemaeuropeo.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Festival-del-cinema-europeo-logo_120_b.png", "https://www.festivaldelcinemaeuropeo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/WEBSITE-7-CHILI-IN-7-GIORNI-1.jpg", "https://www.festivaldelcinemaeuropeo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/WEBSITE-7-CHILI-IN-7-GIORNI-1.jpg", "https://www.festivaldelcinemaeuropeo.com/ed21/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/WEBSITE-7-CHILI-IN-7-GIORNI-1.jpg 1400w, https://www.festivaldelcinemaeuropeo.com/ed21/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/WEBSITE-7-CHILI-IN-7-GIORNI-1-300x129.jpg 300w, https://www.festivaldelcinemaeuropeo.com/ed21/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/WEBSITE-7-CHILI-IN-7-GIORNI-1-1024x439.jpg 1024w, https://www.festivaldelcinemaeuropeo.com/ed21/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/WEBSITE-7-CHILI-IN-7-GIORNI-1-768x329.jpg 768w", "https://www.festivaldelcinemaeuropeo.com/ed21/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/WEBSITE-7-CHILI-IN-7-GIORNI-1.jpg", "https://www.festivaldelcinemaeuropeo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/FCE2021partner.png", "https://www.festivaldelcinemaeuropeo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/FCE2021partner.png", "https://www.festivaldelcinemaeuropeo.com/ed21/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Festival-del-cinema-europeo-logo_q180.png 180w, https://www.festivaldelcinemaeuropeo.com/ed21/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Festival-del-cinema-europeo-logo_q180-150x150.png 150w, https://www.festivaldelcinemaeuropeo.com/ed21/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Festival-del-cinema-europeo-logo_q180-100x100.png 100w", "https://www.festivaldelcinemaeuropeo.com/ed21/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Festival-del-cinema-europeo-logo_q180.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	2021-10-29T15:52:43+00:00	Alfio Tamburini and his former fellow student Silvano Baracchi, after graduating in Medicine with the lowest passing mark, have been reduced to working as a masseur and chiropodist the former and as a sanitary sales rep the latter.	en		Festival del Cinema Europeo	https://www.festivaldelcinemaeuropeo.com/ed21/en/events/7-chili-in-7-giorni-2/	10 novembre > SALA 1 ore 20 Italy – 1986 – colore – 105’ CREDITS Direction: Luca Verdone Screenplay: Leonardo Benvenuti, Piero De Bernardi, Luca Verdone Cinematography: Danilo Desideri Editing: Antonio Siciliano Set design: Franco Velchi Original music: Pino Donaggio Costumes: Luca Sabatelli Cast: Carlo Verdone, Renato Pozzetto, Elena Fabrizi, Silvia Annichiarico, Tiziana Pini, Franco Diogene Producers: Mario e Vittorio Cecchi Gori Production: Cecchi Gori Group Distribuzione: Infinity+ – RTI-Mediaset Infinity The HD restoration of 7 Chili in 7 Giorni was carried out by Infinity+, the channel of the Mediaset Infinity platform, to mark the 35th anniversary of the film’s release in cinemas. SYNOPSIS Alfio Tamburini and his former fellow student Silvano Baracchi, after graduating in Medicine with the lowest passing mark, have been reduced to working as a masseur and chiropodist the former and as a sanitary sales rep the latter. When they meet again by chance nine years after graduating, they decide to turn their careers around and open a weight loss centre by refurbishing the country house belonging to Alfio’s wife. Attracted by the advertising campaign, clients are quick to arrive, but amidst gruelling workouts, gymnastics, empty plates (with the only exception of a strange concoction) they soon begin to doubt the effectiveness of the treatment and rebel. When the situation seems to have become irrecoverable, the two friends come up with a stroke of genius. THE DIRECTOR: LUCA VERDONE Born in Rome in 1953 and graduated in Humanities (history and art studies), since 1973 he has made numerous Art documentaries (about Sergio Leone, Luchino Visconti, Antologia del Neorealismo, Futurismo Movimento Arte/Vita, Michelangelo Antonioni, Le Immagini e il Tempo) with which he has won many international prizes and the Silver Ribbon Award. After a traineeship as an opera director with P. Samaritani, he made his debut in 1977 with L’Impresario by W.A. Mozart and went on until the latest staging of Carmen at the Bellini Theatre in Catania (2020). Since 1973 he has been a documentary and TV show director. He debuted in film with 7 Chili in 7 Giorni (1986), followed by La Bocca (1991) with T. Welch and A. Valli, awarded with a David di Donatello Award, Il Piacere di Piacere (2001) with A. Liskova, V. Proshina, G. Carotenuto Vaz, La Meravigliosa Avventura di Antonio Franconi (2011) with M. Ranieri and O. M. Guerrini, Alberto il Grande (2013), made with his brother Carlo, Le Memorie di Giorgio Vasari (2018) with B. Selby. DIRECTOR’S STATEMENT “The film was intended to renew the “Commedia all’Italiana” (Italian-style Comedy) by introducing a surreal and farcical element. I turned for inspiration to British comedy films such as A Private Function and to Steno’s comedies with Alberto Sordi (Piccola Posta). I felt a broadening of the genre was necessary and I borrowed much imagery from Fellini’s films. I wanted to develop a style that winked at purely escapist cinema to deal ironically with the issue of slimming treatments, a great fetish of the Consumer Society.” FILMOGRAPHY 1979 Antologia del Neorealismo (doc) 1986 7 chili in 7 giorni 1991 La bocca 2001 Il piacere di piacere 2005 Fabrizi e Fellini, lo strano incontro (doc) 2011 La meravigliosa avventura di Antonio Franconi 2013 Alberto il grande (doc)
5438	dbpedia	1	41	https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241925	en	Marriage Italian-Style	https://upload.wikimedia…naScreenshot.png	https://upload.wikimedia…naScreenshot.png	[ "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/MatrimonioAll%27ItalianaScreenshot.png/220px-MatrimonioAll%27ItalianaScreenshot.png", "https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1", "https://www.wikidata.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg", "https://www.wikidata.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	1964 film by Vittorio De Sica	en	/static/apple-touch/wikidata.png		https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241925	1964 film by Vittorio De Sica Matrimonio all'italiana Marriage Italian Style edit
5438	dbpedia	2	80	https://libguides.stthomas.edu/filmographies/Italian	en	Research and Course Guides at University of St. Thomas	https://www.stthomas.edu…avicon-32x32.png	https://www.stthomas.edu…avicon-32x32.png	[ "https://static.assets.libraries.stthomas.edu/site/_headers/spacer.png", "https://syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=1558904255/LC.GIF&client=uofstthom", "https://syndetics.com/index.aspx?isbn=1592413307/LC.GIF&client=uofstthom" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Karen Brunner" ]	null	The following filmographies are a compilation of films held at OSF Library. They include documentaries and feature films in the selected subject areas. Feature films and documentaries regarding Italy	en	//www.stthomas.edu/favicon-32x32.png		https://libguides.stthomas.edu/filmographies/Italian	8 1/2 Call Number: PN1997 .O88 2001 Guido Anselmi is a film director overwhelmed by a large production he is working on. He is hassled by producers, his wife, his mistress, and all while he is struggling to find the inspiration to finish his film. The stress eventually forces Anselmi into a psychological world where fantasy and memory overwhelm his present reality. Agata e la Tempesta Call Number: PN1997 .A366 2005 In Genoa, Agata runs her bookstore and, without meaning to, causes light bulbs and appliances to burn out. At the same time that a younger man declares his attraction to her, her brother Gustav, a morose architect, a distant husband, and an indifferent father, discovers that he was adopted and has a half-brother in the Po Valley. To Agata's great pain, she sees her young man with another woman - plus, Gustav cuts himself off from her and from his wife and son. Agata goes to the Po Valley, meets Gustav's brother and the brother's wife, and tries to reconnect. Alza la Testa Call Number: PN1997 .A4548 2010 Region 2 Mero, a skilled shipyard worker, is a single father. His son Lorenzo, born from a relationship with an Albanian girl, is his only reason for living. The father dreams that the boy will become a champion boxer, to make up for his own anonymous career as an amateur in the ring. He puts him through a tough training program, teaching him day after day to throw punches and protect himself from life's low blows. The balance of this relationship is disturbed by the return of Lorenzo's mother Denisa and by the son's meeting with Ana. Mero's trials are not over and he must face up to pain, his prejudices and the remoteness of Italy's north east. Apnea Call Number: PN1997 .A652 2005 Thriller about a man who discovers that his best friend was not the person he thought he was. After a brilliant career as a fencer Paolo is now thirty-five and has become a sports journalist for a local newspaper in Vicenza. His friend Franz, the former fencing champion, took a different path and became a successful businessman. But one day Franz dies suddenly and unexpectedly, supposedly of a heart attack. Suspicious of the cause of death, Paolo sets out in search of an explanation and finds himself immersed in the unseemly practices of Franz's lucrative leather tannery, symbol of many tainted businesses in the illustrious Italian Northeast. Paolo's investigation exposes him to ever increasing risks as he comes closer and closer to the truth. Artemisia Call Number: ND623.G364 A7 2001 In French Artemisia Gentileschi is forbidden to fully pursue her own passion of painting. She convinces a renowned artist to tutor her. He not only liberates her into the world of art but initiates her into the world of sex and love. Baarìa Call Number: PN1997 .B314 2011 The course of a lifetime reflects the evolution of a country as Peppino takes work as a shepherd to support his family in the Sicilian town of Bagheria, nicknamed "Baarìa" by its residents. During the next five decades he experiences the love of his life, undergoes a political awakening and discovers a destiny he could have never imagined. Baciami Ancora Call Number: PN1997 .B337 2010 Region 2 Set in Rome, Italy, this film looks at the lives of Carlo, Giulia, and their friends some 10 years after the events of "L'ultimo bacio." Over the years since Carlo and Giulia were married, they had a beautiful baby girl, Sveva, but soon left one another after a series of betrayals and mutual resentments. Now Carlo is single, turning forty, and has difficulties having long-lasting relationships with women, while Giulia and her daughter live with a new boyfriend named Simone, a penniless actor. Adriano returns from a long journey, after serving two years in jail in Cuba for trying to smuggle cocaine into Italy. Now he intends to make up for lost time with his son, who has not heard from him for ten years and who lives with his mother Livia, who is romantically involved with Paul. Bella addormentata Call Number: PN1997 .B446 2014 Assisted suicide made national headlines in Italy when the decision was made to end the life of Eluana Englaro, after she spent seventeen years in a vegetative state after a car accident. This drama, set suring the last six days of Englaro's life, affects the lives of four people struggling with their own beliefs. A senator, forced to vote for a law with which he profoundly disagrees, is torn between his conscience and his loyalty toward the leaders of his party. His daughter, a right-to-life activist, falls in love with an advocate for assisted suicide. A famous actress turns towards faith and miracle cures in the hope of bringing her daughter out of an irreversible coma. And Rossa is saved by the doctor Pallido and reawakens to life. Benvenuti al Sud Call Number: PN1997 .B463 2010 Region 2 Alberto, a postmaster trying to secure a transfer to Milan to please his wife, attempts a subterfuge which results in his banishment to a small town south of Naples. Culture shock ensues. Buongiorno, notte Call Number: PN1997 .B8695 2006 A young woman, Chiara, moves into a new apartment with her husband. On the surface she lives a routine existence, but all is not as it seems. She conceals her true identity as a member of The Red Brigades, Italy's terrorist underground, which is currently planning to kidnap the Prime Minister. Passionate about a revolutionary utopia, Chiara's suspicions and doubts grow and she questions, both emotionally and ideologically, her commitment and acts. Caos Calmo Call Number: PQ4882.E7675 C3 2010 After an eventful afternoon at the beach with his brother, Pietro, a successful executive, returns to his summer home only to discover that his wife has suddenly died. Devastated, he vows to be a source of stability for their ten-year-old daughter, Claudia, while trying to make sense of his loss. But in the meantime, his company is in the midst of a high-stakes merger, with Pietro's colleagues desperate to know which side he's on, and his volatile sister-in-law has unexpected news of her own. Caravaggio Call Number: ND623.C26 C3 2008 In English Set during the late Italian Renaissance in 17th-century Rome. Michelangelo da Caravaggio was rescued from the streets by the Catholic Church, in order to create Biblical paintings. However, Caravaggio did not adhere to his religious creations, but instead traveled among thieves and prostitutes, many of whom were his models, kept a deaf and mute child as a slave, squandered every penny he ever made, and ultimately killed a man in a brawl, eventually leading him to his life's own violent end. Caro diario Call Number: PN1997 .C3695 2009 Region 2 Presented in three chapters, Moretti uses the experiences from travelling on his vespa, cruising with his friend around a set of remote islands and consulting a series of medical experts to cure his annoying rash in order to find peace so he can finish his film. Caterina va in città Call Number: PN1997.C376 2005 Caterina moves with her family from the small town of Montalto di Castro to Rome. The sensitive and intelligent young girl enrolls in the eighth grade in one of the most prestigious schools in the capital, where she finds her class totally divided between the snobbish, radical chic and reactionary, spoiled brats. Worse, her own father, a frustrated professor, begins to manipulate her as he sees in the parents of her new school acquaintances the possibility for him to achieve a long dreamed of writing career. Cesare deve morire Call Number: PN1997 .C337 2013 As part of a rehabilitative prison program, inmates at a high-security prison in Rome prepare for a public performance of Shakespeare's "Julius Caesar." As they rehearse, the prisoners find that the classic play has both a striking resonance and contrast to their confined lives. Ciao Call Number: PN1997 .C50 2010 In English After his best friend Mark dies, Jeff decides to meet Andrea, an Italian man who Mark has been internet dating. The two strangers quickly bond and develop a meaningful friendship that changes their lives forever. Cinema Paradiso Call Number: PN1997 .C532 2006 A famous film director returns home to a Sicilian village for the first time after almost 30 years after receiving word from his aging mother that a mentor from his past has died. His return causes him to reminisce about his childhood at the Cinema Paradiso where his friend and mentor Alfredo, the projectionist, first brought about his love of films. Their bond was one that contained many highlights and tragedies, and shaped the way for a young boy to grow and move out of his rundown village to pursue a dream, which also meant leaving behind his teenage love, Elena. Come te nessuno mai Call Number: PQ4913.U33 C6 2007 Restless Silvio and his close friend Ponzi find themselves in a desperate search for life and love, or at the very least, sex. When student radicals occupy their high school, Silvio and Ponzi join the melee--not for the politics, but for the chance to score. Caught between parents, protest, and the blind rush of a generation eager to stake its claim on the world, Silvio and Ponzi will not only confront history, but also the future of their friendship. Comizi d'amore Call Number: DG451 .C66 2003 A documentary featuring director Pier Paulo Pasolini asking questions about sex, love, and morality of a variety of people from all over Italy: he asks children where babies come from, young and old women if they are men's equals, men and women if a woman's virginity matters, how they view homosexuals, how sex and honor connect, if divorce should be legal, and if they support closing the brothels (the Merlina Act). It features interviews with psychologist Cesare Musatti and author Alberto Moravia. Compagna di Viaggio Call Number: PN1997 .C659 2003 Cora, an attractive, unstable girl in her teens with no stable job or home, is hired by a rich woman to follow her forgetful father throughout Rome and beyond. As the old man makes pointless trips across Italy, Cora unknowingly embarks on a journey of self-discovery, dealing with past memories and colorful encounters. Unable to deal with the old man's delirium, Cora wanders off on her own, becoming involved with various men and evading her low-life brother's plans to kidnap the old man for ransom. Lost in despair, Cora abandons the pursuit and returns to Rome, where an accidental encounter lifts her spirits. The Confessions Call Number: PQ4861.N295 C6 2017 A G8 meeting is being held at a luxury hotel where the world's most powerful economists are gathered to enact provisions that will influence the world economy. One guest is a mysterious Italian monk, Salus, invited by Daniel Rochè, the director of the International Monetary Fund. Rochè wants him to receive his confession--that night--in secret. The next morning, Rochè is found dead and Salus is now the main suspect in his death. Corpo celeste Call Number: PN1997 .C6694 2012 13-year-old Marta struggles to find her place in her new home in southern Italy by testing the boundaries of her religion and the unfamiliar city. Her only source of socialization is the local church, where she is sent to attend prep classes for confirmation. Eventually, Marta forges her own way of the cross, which turns out to have much less to do with God than with her own ascent into adulthood. Cosa Voglio Di Più Call Number: PN1997 .C6785 2010 A married woman becomes involved in a heated affair with a married waiter, and as their neatly ordered world falls apart, they are faced with a life-changing choice which neither is entirely prepared to make. Cosimo e Nicole Call Number: PN1997 .C6795 2013 Region 2 Cosimo and Nicole are a young couple in love. She is french and he is Italian, they live in Genoa where they work for a concert organizer, Paolo. On day a clandestine man from Guinea falls on the ground while working on the stage construction. Paolo knows that if the police finds the body his whole business will be in trouble as he also finds himself to be in big debt with the banks. Therefore he decides to hide the corpse of the worker in an abandoned place, helped by Nicole and Cosimo. Nicole though, cannot forget what happened and obsessed by her sense of guilt decides to do something about it. Così ridevano Call Number: PN1997 .C679 2004 Two brothers emigrate to Turin to escape the poverty of their Sicilian hometown. The story unfolds over a period of six years. The older brother Giovanni, has the desire to see his brother, Pietro, become a school teacher. Giovanni makes tremendous sacrifices, unaware that Pietro is squandering his money and skipping school. When Giovanni's obsession with money transforms him into a labor boss, Pietro makes a sacrifice that will cost them both. Cristo si è Fermato a Eboli Call Number: PQ4827.E93 C4 2003 The story follows a real life anti-fascist intellectual, Carlo Levi, into his forced exile in small, isolated village in a remote region of Southern Italy. The village is populated by inhabitants who barely survive on the meager harvest of the unyielding land. Eboli, the closest train station, is the last outpost of civilization (such as it is) before entering a world that has changed very little since the Middle Ages. The movie title, after the book written by Carlo Levi, expresses all the sense of abandon, neglect, desolation and human despair. According to the local tales, even Christ, in his southward journey, went no further than Eboli. Daughter of Mine Call Number: PN1997 .F542 2019 Shy, ten-year-old Vittoria has a close relationship with her loving mother, Tina ... but their life is upset when the young girl discover that local party girl Angelica ... is her birth mother. When Angelica is forced to move away because of financial troubles, she asks to become acquainted with Vittoria. Tina agrees, knowing the woman will leave town soon, but Vittoria and Angelica soon spend more time together against Tina's will Dillo Con Parole Mie Call Number: PN1997 .D55 2003 After breaking up with her boyfriend, 30-year-old Stefania vacations on the Greek "Isle of Love", and reluctantly agrees to chaperone her precocious 15-year-old niece, Meggy. But Stefania doesn't know that Meggy plans to lose her virginity before the summer is over, and the guy she has her eye on is none other than Stefania's ex. Divorzio all'italiana Call Number: PQ4864.E23934 D5 2005 Ferdinando longs to marry his cousin Angela, but one obstacle stands in his way: his wife, Rosalia. His solution? Since divorce is illegal, he hatches a plan to lure his spouse into the arms of another and then murder her in a justifiable effort to save his honor. Dogman Call Number: PN1997 .D64 2019 In a seaside village on the outskirts of an Italian city, where the only law seems to be survival of the fittest, Marcello is a slight, mild-mannered man who divides his days between working at his modest dog grooming salon, caring for his daughter Alida, and being coerced into the petty criminal schemes of the local bully Simoncino, an ex-boxer who terrorizes the neighborhood. When Simoncino's abuse finally brings Marcello to a breaking point, he decides to stand up for his own dignity through an act of vengeance, with unintended consequences. Don Matteo: Set 1 - 5 Call Number: PN1997 .D665 2012 Don Matteo is a detective with a difference. He is the local Catholic priest in a parish of the town of Gubbio in Perugia, with a profound knowledge of the human psyche. Riding his bike through the countryside of Umbria as he cares for his parishioners, Don Matteo really cannot stay out of trouble. Whether it's catching a thief or bringing a murderer to justice, Don Matteo uses his disarming smile and twinkling blue eyes to put the guilty off their guard and bring the truth to light. Duns Scoto Call Number: BX4705.D89 D8 2011 True story of the Franciscan priest and theologian who won a famous debate against the Dominicans in the 13th century in which he defended Our Lady's privilege of her Immaculate Conception, laying the groundwork for the Church to later define that as a dogma of the Catholic faith. Edith Stein: The Seventh Chamber Call Number: BX4705.S814 E3 2010 A portrayal of the life of Jewish philosopher, Catholic convert and Carmelite martyr, Edith Stein, capturing her interior struggles, as well as the great conflicts from her decision to convert to Catholicism. Influenced by the writings of St. Teresa of Avila, she joined the Carmelites and took the name of Teresa Benedicta of the Cross, was put to death in Auschwitz in 1942, and canonized by John Paul II in 1998. Enrico IV Call Number: PQ4835.I7 E5 2000 After a modern aristocrat falls off his horse, he believes that he is Henry IV, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. For years, everyone around him adapts to this fantasy, dressing and acting accordingly. Then one day, some friends try to cure "Henry." Fate Ignoranti Call Number: PN1997 .F38 2003 Antonia and her husband Massimo have been happily married for the better part of 10 years when a sudden and tragic accident kills Massimo. While going through her husband's possessions, Antonia discovers that her beloved Massimo has had a secret life for the last seven years. Ferdinando e Carolina Call Number: PQ4883.E7 F4 2006 After an arranged marriage, King Ferdinando and Carolina discover that the one thing they have in common is sexual desire. The sovereigns begin to lapse in their reigning duties, oblivious to the tide of revolution threatening to tear France apart. Finestra di fronte Call Number: PN1997.F56 2004 A young working-class wife and mother, Giovanna, has no time for the senile elderly man her husband has rescued from the streets. But as she uncovers the stranger's secrets, it unlocks a freedom within her heart she never expected; a freedom that will lead her to the arms of a neighbor she secretly adores, and to fulfillment her husband and family cannot provide. Fiorile Call Number: PN1997 .F565 2008 The Benedetti family has been haunted by a curse for generations. On a long drive to visit their grandfather in Tuscany, Luigi Benedetti tells his children the mysterious story of their ancestors -- a tale filled with forbidden love, passion, vengeance, and betrayal. Fuori dal Mondi Call Number: PN1997 .F86 2002 Caterina, a beautiful young nun, is about to take her final vows. But her life changes when she takes in an abandoned baby. As she seeks the baby's family, she meets Ernesto. Together, they seek the truth about the baby, and re-evaluate their own lives. Galileo Call Number: PT2603.R397 G3 2003 A bio-pic about Galileo, the 17th century Italian who laid the foundations of modern science. Galileo made himself one of the world's first telescopes and discovered the moons of Jupiter. He supported Copernicus' theory that the Earth revolved around the Sun. This brought him into conflict with the Catholic Church. By threatening him with torture, the Church forced him to recant his views in front of a tribunal, and sentenced him to house arrest. However, Galileo's trials and theories inspired others like Newton and Kepler to prove that the Earth was not the center of the Universe. Germania, Anno Zero Call Number: PN1997 .G47 2002 12-year-old Edmund Koehler struggles for survival. Among the nine people he lives with are: a father, who is suffering from malnutrition and a fatal illness; a brother, who is a former Nazi soldier hiding to avoid arrest; and a sister, who has turned to prostitution. Scouring the rubble-strewn city for food, money, and cigarettes, he comes upon a former teacher, Herr Enning, who evinces a barely restrained sexual attraction to the boy while providing him with records of Hitler's speeches that can be bartered on the black market. He also drums into the boy a classic piece of Nazi propaganda about the importance of having the courage to let the weak be destroyed. Under his influence, the confused young protagonist heads down a tragic path. Gianni e le donne Call Number: PN1997 .G53 2012 A middle-aged retiree has become invisible to all the women of Rome, regardless of age or relation. He contends with a demanding mother; a patronizing wife; a slacker daughter; and a wild party-girl neighbor who uses him, as a dog walker. Watching his codger friends snare girlfriends on the sun-kissed cobblestones of Trastevere, Giovanni tries his polite, utterly gracious best to generate some kind of extracurricular love life--with both hilarious and poignant results. Ginger & Fred Call Number: PQ4867.U3 G5 2007 Fellini's satirical attack on television in general and Italian TV in particular, portrays Amelia and Pippo, who wowed crowds with recreations of the dances of Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers decades ago, reuniting for a nationwide TV special that features a list of guest stars that is both long and bizarre. The Girl in the Fog Call Number: PQ4903.A666 R3 2019 Follows the sudden disappearance of Anna Lou, a 16-year-old girl from a small mountain village in the Italian Alps. Called to investigate the mystery is the enigmatic Detective Vogel ..., who soon realizes that this case is far from simple. Working against the clock and amidst an unprecedented and growing media frenzy, Vogel must make use of his unconventional methods to uncover the truth, in a town where motives are obscure, facts are distorted--and everyone could be a suspect. Giulietta Degli Spiriti Call Number: PN1997 .G58 2002 Juliet lives in a beautiful house by the ocean. Her sisters, and especially her Mother overshadow her with their beauty. She is a spiritual, superstitious and naive woman. She visits a psychic seer who tells her she must follow the sex trade in order to be happy. Not long after she meets her eccentric and sexy neighbour, Suzy, who, by all counts appears to be a high class prostitute and encourages Juilet into sexual acts which make her guilty and nervous. A rare night when her husband is at home she wakes up to catch him talking to another woman on the phone. He calls out the name "Gabriella" while sleeping, but when she questions him he lies his way out of it. She finds out who Gabriella is and fears her husband will leave her. Juliet begins having visions who accuse and terrorize her. The pinnacle of the visions comes at the end where it is implied she realizes she would be better off without her husband and is ultimately emotionally emancipated. Habemus papam Call Number: PQ4876.I3143 H3 2012 At the Vatican, following the demise of the Pope, the conclave to elect his successor settles on Cardinal Melville. Caught off guard and unwilling to take the job, Melville panics as the faithful wait for the new Pope's appearance in St. Peter's Square. To prevent a worldwide crisis, the Vatican calls in an unlikely psychiatrist to find out what is wrong with Melville and get him to take the position. While the world waits outside, inside the Vatican Palace the therapist works desperately with Melville to rid him of his fears and reaffirm his duty to God. Happy family Call Number: PN1997 .H3733 2010 Region 2 Recently dumped screenwriter Ezio is having trouble writing a story about two neurotic families whose paths cross when their teenage children, Filipo and Marta, decide to marry. Filipo's parents and Marta's parents arrange to have dinner to meet for the first time, with hilarious consequences. Ezio soon writes himself into his script, and into a love story, while the characters bother him about having bigger and better roles! Harem suare Call Number: PQ4915.Z73 H3 2003 Region 2 In Baghdad in the early 1900's, a woman rises up through the ranks of power in the waning days of the Ottoman Empire. She and a eunuch plan an elaborate scheme for the release of the female slaves. Heaven Call Number: PN1997 .H42 2001 Philippa a British teacher living in Turin, Italy, has watched helplessly as her husband and friends have fallen victim to drug overdoses. To compound her desperation, the police -- who are complicit in the actions of Turin's biggest drug dealer -- have completely ignored Philippa's repeated offers of information. So, with the unexpected help of a sympathetic police officer, Philippa feels she has nothing to lose by taking divine justice into her own hands! I bambini ci guardano Call Number: PQ4847.I5 B3 2006 A four-year-old boy, Pricò, is trapped in a loveless family, with his suicidal father, his adulteress mother, and inattentive relatives. I cento passi Call Number: PQ4866.A87 C4 2001 Region 2 "One hundred steps" was the distance between the Impastatos' house and the house of Tano Badalamenti, an important Mafia boss, in the small Sicilian town of Cinisi. Based on the true story of Peppino Impastato, a left-wing activist, that in the late seventies repeatedly denounced Badalamenti crimes and the whole Mafia system using a small local radio station. In 1978 Peppino was killed by an explosion. The police archived the case as an accident or a suicide, which his friends never accepted. Ieri, oggi, domani Call Number: PQ4815.I48 I3 2011 Three different stories set throughout Italy. In the first vignette, a woman avoids jail time by pumping out babies with a willing accomplice; in the second, a pair of clandestine lovers are forced to work out their problems in a car; and in the third, a prostitute quits her best john for a wavering priest. I fidanzati Call Number: PQ4875.L65 F5 2003 In the industrial North, Giovanni is a skilled Milanese factory worker offered a promotion if he'll go to Sicily for 18 months to assist in a new department. His impending absence strains his already nearly wordless relationship with Liliana, his fiancée. Across this distance, can anything bring about a breakthrough? Do they have a future? I girasoli Call Number: PQ4867.U3 G5 2011 Mere days after marrying Giovanna, Antonio is called to the Russian front to fight for the Italian forces. Years after Antonio is reported missing in action, Giovanna travels to Russia to learn what happened to him, only to discover he's alive. Their reunion is bittersweet, however, as Antonio has married another woman. Il capitale umano Call Number: PS3551.M52 C3 2015 Hedge-fund manager Giovanni Bernaschi seemingly has it all. Meanwhile, real-estate agent Dino Ossola struggles to maintain his family's middle-class existence and faces even worse financial straits when his wife announces that she is pregnant with twins. Leveraging his daughter's relationships with Giovanni's son, Dino deceives the bank and manipulates his way into the Bernaschi hedge-fund. As the destinies of both families become further entwined, a fateful hit-and-run accident sets in motion a chain of events, triggering dangerous consequences that will change their lives forever. Il fiore delle mille e una notte Call Number: PQ4835.A48 F5 2012 A selection of erotic stories from "The Thousand and One Nights". The film focuses on the book's more erotic tales, framed by the story of a man's quest to reconnect with his beloved slave girl. Il Gattopardo Call Number: PN1997 .G38 2004 disc 1-3 Recounting the years of Italy's Risorgimento-when the aristocracy lost its grip and the middle classes rose and formed a democratic Italy. Contains the original Italian version with optional subtitles, the English-language version and special features. Il generale Della Rovere Call Number: PQ4829.O575 G4 2009 Emanuele Bardone, a petty con man in wartime Genoa, fleeces his victims by posing as a colonel. Persuaded by the Nazis to impersonate a partisan leader they have killed, he assumes the admirable qualities of the heroic officer and the German plan backfires. Il giardino dei Finzi Contini Call Number: PQ4807.A79 G5 2001 Set in Italy in 1938, when Mussolini's anti-Semitic edicts began to isolate the Jews from their communities. Among them were the Finzi-Continis, an aristocratic Jewish family forced for the first time to acknowledge the world beyond its fenced garden. Il giovane Montalbano Call Number: PQ4863.A3894 G5 2012 In this prequel series to Detective Montalbano, watch the genesis of the friendships, the rivalries and the romance as the players arrive to take their places in the Sicilian town of Vigata. These stories set the stage for the group's transformation from rookie cops to the experienced crime-solving ensemble they are now. Il momento della verità Call Number: PQ6652.E45 M6 2012 About an impoverished Spanish lad who becomes a famous bullfighter, known as Miguelín. He quickly rises to the top and is soon appearing before capacity crowds in the bullrings of Barcelona. Charting his rise and fall, the film places the viewer right in the thick of the ring's action, as close to death as possible. Il mostro Call Number: PQ4862.E555 M6 1999 A vicious serial killer is on the loose committing rape and murder. Landscape gardener and shop-window outfitter Loris is the prime suspect, due to his unfortunate habit of getting caught in compromising yet innocent situations. An undercover policewoman, Jessica, is assigned by eccentric police psychologist Taccone to watch the suspect and find evidence for his arrest. Il paese delle spose infelici Call Number: PQ4904.E85 P3 2012 Region 2 Veleno, the son of a lawyer, makes friends with some street kids when he is drafted by their leader, Zazà, to be the goalie of their soccer team. The two friends become obsessed with Annalisa, after they witness her throw herself off the roof of the local church. Il Postino Call Number: PQ8098.29.K3 A7 1995 Il posto Call Number: PQ4875.L65 P6 2003 When Domenico ventures from the village of Meda to Milan in search of employment, he finds himself on the bottom rung of the bureaucratic ladder in a huge, faceless company. The prospects are daunting, but Domenico finds reason for hope in Antonietta. A tale of one man's stumbling entrance into the perils of modern adulthood. Il Regista di Matrimoni Call Number: PN1997 .R437 2008 Franco Elica is a dissolute movie director who slides into despair after being asked--to his horror--to make a film. Hoping to avoid a looming sexual-harassment scandal, Franco flees to Sicily where he hids out and meets a host of colorful characters: a man who makes his living shooting wedding films, a film director who is faking his own death to finally achieve fame, and a cultured prince. The menacing prince, a huge fan of Franco's movies, commissions him to shoot the wedding of his tempestuous daughter, Bona, with whom Franco quickly falls impulsively, dangerously in love and whose wedding he becomes driven to sabotage at all costs. Il resto della notte Call Number: PN1997 .R479 2008 Silvana, the depressed wife of a provincial industrialist, convinces herself that Marie, their Romanian maid, is stealing from her. With no proof and against her husband's wishes, Silvana fires Marie without notice. After desperately wandering around, Maria goes to live with her former boyfriend, Ionut, who has just been released from prison. While co-habitating together, their long-extinguished passion reignites. Il segreto di rahil Call Number: PN1997 .S4335 2007 Tells the story of a 12-year-old Iraqi girl living in Rome, who finds herself rejected by both Italians and Arabs because of a secret in her past. Her story is revealed in a series of flashbacks, as told by Rahil herself, through the bars of a jail-cell from an undisclosed location. Despite her hardships, Rahil dreams of a life of a different adventure than the one she now has. Il sorpasso Call Number: PN1997 .S6738 2014 Roberto, a shy law student in Rome, meets Bruno, a forty-year-old exuberant, capricious man, who takes him for a drive through the Roman and Tuscany countries in the summer of 1962. They will spend two days together, meet both Roberto's and Bruno's family. The time Roberto spends with Bruno is a hilarious, but sometimes emotionally merciless accelerated maturization process. While Bruno's easy going "l'usage du monde" and societal success attract Roberto's great admiration, he also slowly realizes Bruno's hollowness, superficiality and unhappiness. Il Sud è niente Call Number: PN1997 .S8619 2016 Region 2 Grazia, a 17-year-old teenage girl, lives in a small town in the south of Italy. Her brother Pietro disappeared--emigrated to Germany--years ago; her father told her that he was dead and never wanted to talk about it. One night, after a fight, Grazia enters into the sea and sees a human figure whom she recognized as her brother. That night she decides to search for him, breaking the silence that her father has always held on to. Il Vangelo Secondo Matteo Call Number: PN1997 .V36 2003 The birth, life, teachings and death on the cross of Jesus Christ presented almost as a cinema-verité documentary. Pasolini's second feature ... is an attempt to take Christ out of the opulent church and present him as an outcast Italian peasant. Il villaggio di cartone Call Number: PQ4875.L65 V5 2012 Region 2 An elderly priest is devastated when his church is deconsecrated, leaving him without a role in life. It is not long before a group of illegal immigrants find shelter in the "church" and give the priest a new role and set of responsibilities. Incantato Call Number: PN1997 .I5315 2006 Nello is a shy and clumsy man devoted to the academic world. His lack of interest in women worries his father, who sends him to work at a school to find a wife. Nello finds himself at a dance where he meets and falls for a beautiful blind woman. The Inspector Vivaldi mysteries Call Number: PN1997 .I568 2013 Inspector Federico Vivaldi is an old-school cop in a new world. His son, Stefano, is also a cop, and father and son make a good team solving crimes together in the northeastern Italian city of Trieste. Together, they investigate cases ranging from insurance fraud to murder and human trafficking. Their toughest challenge involves the murder of a math professor who had been solving some equations linked to a long-ago kidnapping and murder. When Federico's best friend and former colleague gets called in as a suspect in the same cold case, it seems as if his world has turned inside out. Io e te Call Number: PQ4861.M54 I59 2013 Region 2 A 14-year-old pretends to go on a ski trip, but actually spends the week in isolation in his basement, escaping society's pressure. When his 25-year-old half-sister enters the basement, a few emotional and confronting days and nights ensue. Io Non Ho Paura Call Number: PQ4861.M54 I6 2004 While playing outside one day in a wheat field, nine-year-old Michele discovers Filippo, who is chained to the ground at the bottom of a hole. Michele witnesses town bad boy Felice nearby and suspects something bad is happening. Michele is unsure whom he should tell about his discovery, eventually spilling the tale to his closest friend. When Michele's parents learn of his discovery, they warn him to forget whatever he saw. Io sono l'amore Call Number: PN1997 .I63 2010 The Recchi family has undergone sweeping changes. Eduardo Sr. has named a successor to the reins of his company, and surprised everyone by splitting power between his son Tancredi and grandson Edo. But Edo had always dreamed of opening a restaurant with his friend Antonio. To make matters worse, the very foundation of the entire family may be totally shattered after Tancredi's wife Emma falls in love with Antonio and begins a love affair. Io sono Li Call Number: PN1997 .I635 2013 Shun Li works in a textile factory near Rome. She is suddenly transferred to work as a bartender at a pub in a small town along the Venetian Lagoon. The pub is the hangout of the local fishermen, including Bepi, a Slav immigrant nicknamed "The Poet." A friendship grows between them, but gossip soon threatens their innocent relationship; a bond that had once transcended two very different, yet not at all distant cultures. I racconti di Canterbury Call Number: PC947.9.P3 R3 2012 A selection of stories from Chaucer's "The Canterbury Tales". Shot in England, it offers an earthy re-creation of the medieval era. From the story of a nobleman struck blind after marrying a much younger and promiscuous bride, to a climactic trip to a hell populated by friars and demons. I soliti ignoti Call Number: PQ4869.N395 S6 2001 Five men conspire to burglarize a small-time jeweler's safe. When the time comes to carry out the scheme, the men become hopelessly clumsy and have to eventually give up and go home. I vitelloni Call Number: PQ4815.L23 V5 2004 This film details a year in the life of five young men lingering in post-adolescent limbo, dreaming of adventure and escape from their small town and struggling to find meaning in their lives. Jona che visse nella balena Call Number: PT5881.25.B39 L6 2007 Dubbed in English, Italian version unavailable Depicts a hope-filled view of the Holocaust from the perspective of a young Dutch boy, Jonah, who spends much of his childhood behind the bars of a Nazi concentration camp. Only through strength and perseverance does he emerge from the camp and grow. Kaos Call Number: PQ4835.I7 K3 2008 Magic, drama, horror and humor are all evoked in this adaptive collection of five tales of Sicilian peasantry, based on short stories by Luigi Pirandello. In "The Other Son," a mother spends her life waiting for news from two sons, emigrated to America, while ignoring her third. "Moonsickness" tells the tale of a newly-wed girl who discovers her husband acts strangely every full moon. "The Jar" tells the story of a wealthy man's brand new olive jar, which is repaired with the craftsman inside. The fourth vignette, "Requiem," tells the story of villagers banding together against their landlord. An epilogue is included, which centers on Pirandello's journey home. Each of four vignettes examines a varied point of view to convey a sense of understanding and compassion for ordinary people and their extraordinary plights. Kapò Call Number: PN1997 .K365 2010 The story of a Jewish girl from Paris sent to a concentration camp during World War II and her struggle to survive by stealing another's identity and becoming a warden. L'Albero Degli Zoccoli Call Number: PN1997 .A42 2004 Details the life of three peasant families in 19th century Italy. Evokes the time and place rather than telling a narrative. L'amore ritrovato Call Number: PQ4809.A679 A4 2010 Region 4 Set in Tuscany in 1936, this is the story of two lovers, Giovanni and Maria. Their first meeting, as teenagers, was a brief infatuation in the seaside town of Livorno, but it isn't until a chance encounter, years later, that their romance kindles. Giovanni, now settled in life as a bank worker with a wife and a young son, is transferred back to his hometown of Livorno, where he again meets Maria, who has always been in the back of his mind since their first encounter. They begin an affair, but the complications of their personal lives begin to take their toll on the relationship. L'Innocente Call Number: PQ4803.A3 I5 2009 After becoming bored with his timid wife, a wealthy aristocrat begins an exciting affair. Upon learning that his wife is having a torrid affair of her own, he is tormented by her infidelity and descends into madness, commiting a cruel and horrifying act. L'ora di punta Call Number: PN1997 .O722 2010 Filippo Costa rises through the ranks of the Financial Police via his own opportunity for corruption. But when he connects with an older widow, Filippo quickly becomes a part of Rome's social, financial, and political elite. In a nation that rewards ruthless ambition, what must one man ultimately sacrifice to build his own empire? L'ora di Religione Call Number: PN1997.O725 2006 A portrait of an artist who is forced to reconcile with his own atheism after receiving a shocking appeal from the Church requesting his participation in the canonization of his "saintly" mother. If she is to be ordained, the Church must prove that her violent death, at the hands of the most unlikely person, culminated with a vow of forgiveness for her murderer. Ernesto's relationship to the murderer provides the Church with its last chance of uncovering the truth, but he is reluctant to succumb to his family's pressure and schemes to make him take part in the beatification. Overwhelmed by the fact that he didn't sense the conspiracy beneath him, Ernesto is set adrift on a surreal odyssey. His memory of his mother (especially her smile) opens up a gaping chasm that forces him to reconsider the past and live the present differently. L'Ultimo Bacio Call Number: PN1997 .U48 2003 After Carlo's girlfriend, Giulia, announces to him that they're pregnant, Carlo realizes that he's just not ready to grow up and take on the responsibilities of a child, a wife, and a house. Carlo's life gets even more complicated when a younger woman, Francesca, begins to flirt with him. Through it all Carlo's three best friends, Adriano, Alberto, and Paolo, exhibit different stages of what it means to be an adult, helping Carlo along the way. L'ultimo pastore Call Number: DG655.6 .U48 2013 Renato Zucchelli is the last travelling shepherd left in Milan, and he has a dream: to lead his flock of sheep to the inaccessible city center to meet the children who have never seen him, showing them that dreams and freedom will always exist as long as there is still space to believe in a last shepherd. La Bestia nel Cuore Call Number: PQ4863.O423 B4 2006 When Sabina's father dies, she is left haunted by a terrible dream that becomes a living nightmare. She seeks out her only sibling, and discovers that their nightmares are shared and that life's intimacies are now met with fear and trepidation. When Sabina and Franco, her boyfriend, are surprised with news about their future, Sabina is forced to face her past. La bocca del lupo Call Number: HQ76.3.I8 B6 2010 Region 4 Charts the life and relationship of Enzo and Mary, a couple living in the slums of the Italian city of Genoa. The unlikely romance begins in prison, where Enzo, a macho hardman serving a long stretch for shooting a police officer, meets Mary Monaco, a transsexual inmate serving time for prostitution, who works in the laundry repairing clothes. Falling for each other very quickly, Mary promises to wait for Enzo once she gets out of prison. When she is released, Mary finds a home for them to share, but in the meantime, she becomes addicted to heroin. La carne Call Number: PN1997 .C3694 2017 Blu-ray & DVD Divorced piano player Paolo meets and falls in love with a most beauteously busty woman, Francesca, who uses her special powers to turn the man into her sex slave. While he is completely taken by his desire for her, she eventually gets bored and decides to leave him. Unfortunately for Francesca, Paolo loves her and has no intention of letting her go. La città delle donne Call Number: PN1997 .C5332 2016 n a railway coach, Snàporaz wakes from a nap and seduces a beautiful stranger. Then he follows her through a forest to a weird hotel where a feminist convention is being held. He is so unnerved by the vociferous hostility of the militants that he hides in the mansion of a female killer who has wooed and won a thousand hearts. Snàporaz will be forced to run the gauntlet before waking up and realizing that his adventure was only a crazy nightmare. La città senza notte Call Number: PN1997 .N543 2017 In English & Italian In the aftermath of the Fukushima nuclear incident, Mariko becomes unable to sleep. She therefore decides to move to Sicily to stay with Rocco. There she discovers that she is able to sleep again, but only when driven around at night, nurtured by the lights of the unknown city. The day thus becomes a new invigorating domain for her, an opportunity to rediscover and reinterpret the signs and meanings of her life through her skills of photography. La commare secca Call Number: PQ4862.E778 C6 2005 The brutalized corpse of a prostitute is found in a Roman park, along the banks of the Tiber River. The police round up and interrogate a handful of possible suspects who were in the park that night. Each has to explain why he is there. One by one, each account brings them closer to the killer. La Corsa dell'Innocente Call Number: PN1997 .C67 2003 A young Italian boy, the son of a brutal kidnapper, is the only survivor when his family is killed by a rival gang. The boy flees, pursued by the police and the killers, and searches for a new life with a loving family unlike his own and an end to his family's history of criminal behavior. La doppia ora Call Number: PQ4906.A12 D6 2012 Guido, a former cop, is a veteran of the speed-dating scene in Turin. But, much to his surprise, he meets Sonia, a chambermaid at a hotel. The two hit it off, and a passionate romance develops. After they leave the city for a romantic getaway in the country, things suddenly take a dark turn. Ladri di Biciclette Call Number: PQ4807.A74 L3 1998 Simple story of an unemployed man and his family living in war devastated Rome. The father finds a job pasting up posters and signs, work requiring a bicycle on which to get around. When his bicycle is stolen the father and his son are forced to steal one in desperation and are caught. This version includes the original U.S. theatrical trailer. La pivellina Call Number: PN1997 .P58 2012 A tale of people at the margins of society who open their hearts to a stranger. In a run-down park on the outskirts of Rome, a two-year-old girl is discovered and taken in by a family of circus performers. A note from a desperate mother reveals little about who she is or why she was left. As the bond grows between the girl and her surrogate family, this film becomes a revealing and soulful portrait of courage and discrimination, and of loss and togetherness. La prima cosa bella Call Number: PQ4876.I3143 P7 2012 Follows a strong and optimistic mother raising her two children against all odds. Throughout grief and pain she teaches her family to remain open and loving and to cherish the little joys in life. La ragazza del lago Call Number: PT8951.16.O735 R3 2010 When a beautiful young girl is found murdered in an idyllic northern Italy village, Inspector Giovanni Sanzio is called in from the capital to investigate. But in a small town where nobody is what they seem, anyone could be capable of homicide and everyone may be hiding a dark secret... including Inspector Sanzio. La sapienza Call Number: PN1997 .S27 2015 Alexandre decides to set off for Italy with the idea of completing his draft of a book on Borromini, and his wife Alienor comes along. Once there, they meet Goffredo, who is set to embark in architectural studies, and Lavinia, who is suffering from a nervous disorder. Alienor decides to stay to help Lavinia, and Alexandre continues on his travels with Goffredo. This separation for husband and wife will be the start of an inner journey for them both. La scomparsa di Patò Call Number: PQ4863.A3894 S3 2011 It's a story of the desperate search for one of Vigata's most upstanding citizens - a man who vanishes right after his appearance in the annual Passion Play. South collides with North as a local Sicilian carabiniere teams up with a Neapolitan police officer to unlock the mystery of his disappearance. La Sconosciuta Call Number: PN1997 .S368 2009 Irena is a mysterious Ukrainian woman with a secret who works her way into the lives of an Italian, affluent young family. She stops at nothing to become the couple's trusted maid and beloved nanny to their fragile young daughter. But deep cracks underneath Irena's dedication soon become apparent as her horrific past and chilling obsession are revealed. La Scorta Call Number: PN1997 .S3685 2006 When a judge and his bodyguards are brutally murdered by the Mafia, four reluctant young cops are assigned to protect the new prosecutor where the only thing that lies ahead of them is more danger. Based on a true story. La siciliana ribelle Call Number: PN1997 .S5547 2010 Dramatic retelling of the story of Rita Atria, a 17-year-old Sicilian girl whose father and brother were both Mafia members (and victims) who breaks the vow of silence that enshrouds that world, and gives evidence to famed anti-Mafia judge Paolo Borsellino. Her days are numbered from that moment on. She has only nine months to live. La solitudine dei numeri primi Call Number: PQ4907.I57 S6 2010 Region 2 Primary numbers can only be divided by one or by themselves. They are solitary numbers and are incomprehensible to others. Alice and Mattia are both "primary numbers", both persecuted by tragedies which have marked their childhoods: a skiing accident in the case of Alice, which has led to a defect in one leg; the loss of a twin sister in the case of Mattia. When as teenagers they meet in the school corridor, they recognize each other's pain. As they grow up their destinies interweave and they form a special bond, until Mattia, having graduated in Physics, decides to accept a job abroad. The two separate for many years and only a sequence of events will bring them back together, bringing back to the surface a number of emotions never confessed. La Spettatrice Call Number: PN1997 .S688 2004 Set in modern day Rome. Valeria, a lonely interpreter, becomes obsessed with a man named Massimo, a doctor who lives in her apartment building. However, when Massimo moves to Turin, Valeria follows him, only to discover that he is involved with an older woman. Valeria eventually meets the other woman and the two form a close relationship, one that evolves into a love triangle with Massimo at the center of it. La Stanza del Figlio Call Number: PN1997 .S733 2002 Tragedy hits the family of a psychiatrist and they struggle with anger and grief until an unexpected visitor forces them to confront their feelings. La Strada Call Number: PN1997 .S7605 2003 Gelsomina is sold by her very poor mother to Zampanò, an itinerant strongman. She follows him on the road ("la strada") and helps him during his shows. Zampanò ill-treats her. She meets "The Fool", a funambulist. She feels like going with him, but he puts confusion in her mind by pointing out that perhaps Zampanò is in fact in love with her. La terra trema Call Number: PQ4734.V5 T4 2012 In the poor Sicilian village of Aci Trezza the fisherman have been exploited for generations. Tired of the endless cycle of poverty, a young soldier returns home from war and convinces his family to strike out on their own. Tragically, his plan to change the system is met with a cruel blow that pushes them even further under water. La tigre e la neve Call Number: PQ4862.E555 T5 2007 Soon after the start of hostilities in Iraq, Attilio heads to Baghdad when he learns from his friend that the woman he loves has been critically injured in a bomb explosion. Attilio does everything in his power to save her, risking his own life amidst the chaos of war. La visita Call Number: PN1997 .V574 2012 Pina takes out an ad in the personal column hoping to find a man to take her away from the tiny Italian village where she lives. For months now she has been trying to find the right one--a man with a solid career, a family in mind, and plenty of stamina. Adolfo, a successful businessman from Rome, replies to Pina's ad, and the couple arrange to meet in the village where Pina lives. Incorporating flashbacks from both of their lives, the complexity of their characters is slowly revealed and when the two finally meet, Pina quickly concludes that Adolfo is the one. La Vita e Bella Call Number: PN1997 .V58 1999 A charming but bumbling waiter who's gifted with a colorful imagination and an irresistible sense of humor has won the heart of the woman he loves and has created a beautiful life for his young family. Then that life is threatened by World War II. Le Chiavi di Casa Call Number: PN1997 .C448 2005 Gianni is reunited with Paolo, the 15-year-old son he has never seen, a son he abandoned at birth. The reunion is not Gianni's idea, but that of Paolo's doctor who hopes the connection will benefit the troubled boy. Gianni experiences a Pandora's box in Paolo, full of shocks and wonders, but the key to one's house are oftern found in the keys to one's heart. Le mani sulla città Call Number: PQ4872.A24 M3 2006 The structure of power and the facade of democracy are explored in this political exposé of corruption in Naples. Following the fatal collapse of a tenement building, an investigation reveals that profits from municipal developments are going to city council members and developers in backroom negotiations. Le notti bianche Call Number: PG3325.B5 N6 2007 Region 2 Set in Livorno in the 1950s, Mario, a shy young man, meets a mysterious girl, Natalie, sobbing on a canal bridge. She tells him she loves a sailor who left on a long journey and promised to return in one year. The year is up and he hasn't arrived. Mario falls in love with her and has just persuaded her that the sailor will never return ... when he does in fact appear. Le Quattro Volte Call Number: PN1997 .Q38 2011 With little dialogue, this film is a meditation on the mysterious cycles of life. Set in Italy's mountainous region of Calabria, it traces the path of one goat herder's soul as it passes from human to animal to vegetable to mineral. Working as both a spiritual investigation and a documentary of Calabrian life, the film's surface hides a complex understanding of humanity. Luce dei Miei Occhi Call Number: PN1997 .L83 2003 Antonio, a youngish chauffeur who is a model of professional promptness and courtesy. He also possesses a vivid inner world dominated by images of other worlds and other planets. A chance near-accident introduces him to Maria), a struggling single mother trying desperately to keep her frozen foods store afloat and to keep her daughter from being taken away from her by the child's grasping grandparents. Even though Maria is extremely suspicious of Antonio's intentions, the two form a slow tentative relationship. When he learns Maria's dire circumstances, he selflessly tries to intercede at the expense of his own career. Antonio makes quiet deals with the sleazy gangster whom Maria owes money, drives the crime boss around on his various errands, and eventually participates in some of his shady dealings. Là-bas Call Number: PN1997 .L25 2012 Region 2 Yussouf is an African artist who is promised a job by his uncle in Italy. Unable to find his uncle once he gets there, Yussouf ends up in Castel Volturno, a city of African immigrants. There, he discovers the day-to-day struggles these people face, their mistreatment, and exploitation. He is also unfortunate enough to witness the activities of the criminal Camorra, a deadly Naples-based Mafia. The Mafia Kills Only in Summer Call Number: PN1997 .M339 2017 The story of growing up and falling in love in the Mafia-ridden city of Palermo. Seen through the eyes of Arturo, a child brought up in a fascinating yet terrifying city, the story spans twenty years of life filled with passion and laughter. Mafioso Call Number: PQ6601.Z45 M3 2008 Nino is an auto-factory foreman who takes his wife and two daughters from industrial Milan to the antiquated, rural Sicily to visit his family and get back in touch with his roots. Nino gets more than he bargained for when he discovers some harsh truths about his ancestors and himself. Malèna Call Number: PN1997 M3553 2001 On the day that Italy enters World War II, Renato, a 13-year-old boy, gets his first look at Malèna, a young woman who has recently moved to Renato's small Sicilian village with her husband, Nico. However, once Nico is called off to war, Malè̀na becomes the center of the town's gossip. During the next few years, as Renato grows towards manhood, he witnesses Malèna's suffering, when Nico is reported dead, her poverty and search for work, and her final humiliations. Manuale d'amore 3 Call Number: PQ4863.H578 M3 2012 Region 4 Examines three different couples united in their quest for love: Roberto, an ambitious lawyer is going to marry Sara. His whole life is perfectly planned out. Things get complicated when he meets Micol, a woman from a small village in Tuscany. Fabio, a famous anchorman, has been the perfect husband for 25 years. A one-night stand with Eliana proves to be more than what he bargained when she refuses to leave. Adrian, an American art history professor, has been living the loner life in Rome since divorcing his wife years ago. His limited and tranquil existence is disturbed when he meets his doorman's daughter. Martin Eden Call Number: PS3523.O46 M3 2020 Adapted from a 1909 novel by Jack London yet set in a provocatively unspecified moment in Italy's history, [this film] is a passionate and enthralling narrative fresco in the tradition of the great Italian classics. Martin is a self-taught proletarian with artistic aspirations who hopes that his dreams of becoming a writer will help him rise above his station and marry a wealthy young university student. The dissatisfactions of working-class toil and bourgeois success lead to political awakening and destructive anxiety. Maternity blues Call Number: PQ4882.E645 M3 2012 Region 2 In a moment of madness Clara has killed her baby. Found not bearing liability for her acts by the court, she is sent to a carceral psychiatric hospital. There, she shares a room with women who, like her, committed an act from which there is no going back. Clara and her roommates try to go on living with the weight of their sins on their shoulders, but consolation escapes their minds. Matrimonio all'italiana Call Number: PQ4815.I48 M3 2011 Domenico first meets 17-year-old Filumena in a Neapolitan brothel in the second World War. After the war they become lovers on and off for 22 years. Domenico eventually rents an apartment for Filumena and even lets her run his shop but is always chasing other women. When Domenico chooses to marry a young cashier instead of her, Filumena is furious, and resorts to a series of wild ruses to win back his hand. Mediterraneo Call Number: PQ4873.O4938 M4 2010 In 1941, a small group of misfit Italian soldiers is sent to a tiny Greek island in the Agean for four months of lookout duty. Their relief ship is torpedoed and their radio destroyed. As they lose all touch with the world outside, they are absorbed into the life of the idyllic island. Mia madre Call Number: PN1997 .M52 2015 Margherita is a film director who quickly finds out that her lead Hollywood actor is rather difficult to work with. If his demands weren't enough, her mother's health has recently declined and Margherita struggles to find the balance and harmony between work and family life. Mine vaganti Call Number: PQ4863.O8873 M5 2010 Region 2 Tommaso is about to reveal to his large, frenetic Italian family that he's gay. But he's beaten to the punch by his older brother, who is promptly disinherited by their furious father. Mio Fratello è Figlio Unico Call Number: PQ4876.E485 M5 2008 Set during Italy's violent political period of the 1960s. Two brothers, Accio and Manrico, attempt to distance themselves from each other by joining opposing political parties, but our ultimately tied to each other by their working-class family. Miracolo a Milano Call Number: PQ4851.A9 M5 2006 Region 4 An Italian orphan, with the aid of a miraculous dove, combats power and wealth and succeeds in bringing happiness to the inhabitants of a Milanese hobo camp. Comedy, satire, and realism are combined in this fantasy about the social conceits of man. My Big Gay Italian Wedding Call Number: PS3623.I5525 P8 2018 Antonio and Paolo live happily together in Berlin and are finally getting married. They decide to celebrate in the small village in Italy where Antonio grew up. While his mother immediately supports his intentions, her husband Roberto, the town mayor, is much more reluctant. Paulo, who has not spoken to his conservative mother in a long time, must get her to the wedding as a condition of the marriage. My Brilliant Friend Call Number: PQ4866.E6345 M9 2019 The series begins with an elderly woman discovering that her 'brilliant friend' seems to have disappeared without a trace. Beginning an epic tale that spans over 60 years, she writes about their tempestuous relationship that started in 1950, and tries to describe the mystery of her friend, who is--in a way--her worst enemy. Set in a dangerous and fascinating post-WWII Naples, Italy Nebbie e delitti, Season 2 Call Number: PQ4922.A7 N43 2012 The River Po dominates the region of Ferrara with its seasons, its power and its mystery. It nourishes the close-knit fishing communities who live on its banks, and it also hides their secrets. Secrets that are sometimes uncovered by people like police inspector Franco Soneri. Non ti Muovere Call Number: PQ4873.A9532 N6 2006 Timoteo is a successful surgeon and permissive father whose teenage daughter, Angela, has just had a life-threatening motorbike accident. Sitting in the hospital, wondering if his daughter will survive, Timoteo remembers back to a day 15 years earlier when his car broke down on a remote country road in the rain and a young woman, Italia, invited him into her home only to have him force himself upon her. Timoteo then returned home to his wife, Elsa. But unable to get Italia out of his mind, Timoteo returned again and again to her. They began to develop genuine feelings for each other. Elsa is reluctant to have children, despite Timoteo's wishes, so when he learns that Italia is pregnant, he has to decide to between his family and Italia. Nostri ragazzi Call Number: PT5881.21.O25 N6 2015 A story about two brothers and their wives, and the relationships between them and their two high-school age children. When the kids get into serious trouble, tensions between the brothers and their families escalate. Will the parents protect their children, or will they force them to face the consequences of their crime? Notte Prima Degli Esami Call Number: PQ4902.R55 N6 2006 Region 2 Explore the classic problems teenagers face when passing from adolescence to adult age. Set in the summer of 1989, on the brink of his exams, Luca Molinari, a graduating student, insults his literature teacher, Antonio Martinelli, in a final act of rebellion. This act backfires when Martinelli states that he will be part of the judging panel in their grueling oral exam. At a party the same evening, Luca falls in love with Martinelli's daughter, Claudia. Notte prima degli esami oggi Call Number: PQ4902.R55 N6 2007 Region 2 A sequel to Notte prima degli esami, this movie is about the same high school teenagers from the original film, but transplants them from the 1980s to the Italy of 2006. Novecento Call Number: PQ4862.E778 N6 2012 A portrait of two friends, both born on January 1, 1900--the son of a socialist farmer and the son of a fascist landowner. The two men pass through the upheavals of the modern world, as their personal conflicts become an allegory of the political turmoil of 20th century Italy. Oedipus Rex Call Number: PA4413.O7 O4 2003 A dark and riveting retelling of the classic Greek tragedy, 'Oedipus Rex'. Unknown to himself, Oedipus kills his father and marries his mother. When the truth is discovered, he puts out his eyes and Oedipus wanders the streets until he is found by his daughter, Antigone, a common blind beggar. The Orange Thief Call Number: PN1997 .O73 2008 Living on the outskirts of society, an orange thief and some other country-wise ruffians steal fruit for sustenance and the sheer excitement of courting danger. After the thief ends up in jail, his life takes a turn when his bunkmate promises him a deal. Ossessione Call Number: PS3505.A3113 O8 2003 The story of the ill-fated love between Gino, a virile drifter, who arrives by chance at a roadside restaurant and filling station, and Giovanna, the wife of the man who owns the place. Gino leaves, only to return because he can't get her out of his blood. They kill her husband but his death haunts the guilt-ridden Gino. Primo amore Call Number: PN1997 .P7495 2005 Vittorio is looking for a woman who matches his ideal. Through a classified ad he meets Sonia, a sweet, pleasant, intelligent girl. However, she weighs 125 pounds -- which according to Vittorio is way too much. A goldsmith by trade, Vittorio is obsessed with the desire to shape Sonia's body and mind as he does gold with fire. Almost imperceptibly Sonia becomes a passive participant and the relationship grows into a reciprocal masochistic game. When the two lovers isolate themselves in a country house in the Veneto hills, they dangerously lose touch with reality and the rest of the world. Ricordati di Me Call Number: PN1997 .R528 2007 Rita de Cascia Call Number: BX4700.R5 R5 2007 Filmed on location in Italy, it tells the beautiful story of young Rita who fell in love and married a handsome knight from a violent family, whom she eventually succeeded in reforming, but then lost him to murder, and also lost their two sons to illness before she lived as an Augustinian nun for forty years. She is renowned for her prayer life, her role as a peacemaker, her service to the sick, and her stigmata. Countless miracles are attributed to her intercession and she is known as the patron of hopeless situations. Rocco e i suoi fratelli Call Number: PQ4880.E84 R6 2004 Region 4 The story of four Italian brothers and their mother who leave their country home and move to Milan with hopes of improving their bitter fortune. The family is thrown into chaos when two of the brothers are torn apart by their love for the same woman and their struggles to succeed in a viciously competitive world. Roma Call Number: PN1997 .R655 2001 Set in Rome, Federico Fellini reminisces about his childhood, living in the Italian countryside. In school Fellini studies the history of ancient Rome and is eventually exposed to the real thing, arriving in Rome during the beginning of World War II. Once there, through a series of chance encounters, Fellini reinterprets Rome's modern city life with that of Italy's history as a whole. Roma, città aperta Call Number: PN1997 .O64 1997 The loyalties of an impoverished mother-to-be and a parish priest are tested by the German forces which occupy their homeland during World War II. The Scarlet and the Black Call Number: PN1997 .S353 2003 In English The true story of Monsignor Hugh O'Flaherty, a courageous Irish priest working in the Vatican during the German iccupation. O'Flaherty devotes all his time and energy to hiding refugees and Allied POWs from the Nazis, building a network of hundreds of people to help him with his efforts. Colonel Kappler, the local gestapo chief, learns of O'Flaherty's activities. The priest has diplomatic immunity because of his Vatican post, but Kappler orders that he be captured or killed if seen outside the Vatican walls. Pope Pius XII remains aloof insisting on the church's neutrality. Working closely with a brave widow of an aristocrat, O'Flaherty uses disguises to slip in and out of the Vatican, continuing his dangerous mission until Rome is liberated, and saving thousands of innocent people from death. Sciuscià Call Number: PN1997 .S366 2011 In post-World War II Rome, Italy, Giuseppe and Pasquale, hoping to escape the harsh reality of poverty and violence, work on the street shining the shoes of American troops. But when the boys are falsely accused of a crime, they are sent to a brutal state juvenile detention center. Senso Call Number: PQ4684.B25 .S4 2010 In Venice, during the spring of 1866, it is the last month of the Austrian occupation of the Veneto. The Italian government has forged a pact with Prussia, and another war of liberation in the ongoing Risorgimento is imminent. Countess Livia Serpieri, unloved by her collaborator-husband but sympathetic to the cause of freedom espoused by her patriotic cousin Roberto, meets Austrian officer Franz Mahler as she begs him to call off a duel with Roberto. She falls in love with the officer, the country marches to revolution, and her dedication to the cause wilts under her desire and obsession. Mesmerized by him, she betrays not only her husband and cousin, but the revolution, too, with tragic results. Sicilian Ghost Story Call Number: PQ4873.A4633 S5 2019 The tale of a mysterious disappearance set in a little Sicilian village on the edge of a forest. Thirteen-year-old Luna, always dreaming, has a crush on her handsome classmate Giuseppe; they begin a tentative romance. But one day Giuseppe fails to show up at school. As the days pass with no sign of him, Luna tries to raise concern with family and friends.
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remember	zh	https://s1.wp.com/i/favicon.ico	Flashmoment... continued	https://flashmomentcontinued.wordpress.com/	Brief History of the Cenacolo and Its Frescoes The Cenacolo di Sant’Apollonia was the monumental refectory of Observant Benedictine Sisters of Saint Apollonia, founded in 1339. The order grew notably during the course of the 15th century due to series of privileges granted by Pope Eugene IV and the favor of the archbishop of Florence Antonino Pierozzi. The construction of the refectory was part of a large project of reconstruction within the convent, already planned by 1418 but actually begun in the north wing of the nunnery in 1429, that continued throughout the entire 15th century and the first three decades of the century to follow. Andrea del Castagno (1421-1457, pupil of Masaccio) painted the new refectory’s front wall around 1447 with the scene of the Last Supper on the lower part, the Crucifixion, the Entombment and the Resurrection on the upper part. The strict seclusion of the nuns hid the pictorial decoration of the refectory from public view. Thus, it was not mentioned by Vasari or other early sources up to the time of the suppression during the unification of Italy when the nuns (reinstated in 1815 after the Napoleonic suppression) were forced to definitely abandon the convent, the whole complex became state property. Aware of the value of the fresco representing the Last Supper decorating the refectory, the Direction of the Royal Galleries regained possession of rooms that the Military had taken over during the suppression, for the creation of the Museum of Andrea del Castagno, one of the greatest artists of Florentine Renaissance, thus, for the third time, after San Salvi and Fuligno, another Florentine “Last Supper” became a museum. The inauguration of the museum, entitled then as now the Cenacolo di Sant’Apollonia, took place on April 1, 1891 in a small room only a third of the size of the actual refectory, the entrance of which, on Via XXVII Aprile, destroyed parts of the ex-convent in the making. (The Museum of Castagno is comprised of three rooms- the entrance, the antechamber and the refectory.) In 1953 the frescoes in the upper part were taken down to save the painting which was rapidly deteriorating because of the dampness which had seeped in; on that occasion the wonderful “sinopie” (preparatory drawings) beneath the frescoes were discovered and removed in 1961. Today it is hanging as mirror reflections on the opposite wall. Iconography The decoration of the wall, typically realized in the fresco technique, presents two themes from other Florentine refectories of the 14th century. As in the case of Santa Croce and Santo Spirito, the Last Supper was painted in the lower half, while the Crucifixion was done in the upper half. Both are two very important moments in the story of human redemption: the first represents the promise of salvation, while the other is the fulfillment of the promise through the sacrifice of Christ. But in the refectory of Sant’ Apollonia there is an important novelty: the introduction of two other scenes, that is, the Entombment and the Resurrection of Christ. The natural light coming in from the windows on the right-hand side gives more prominence to the scene of the Resurrection, which was placed on the wall on the left-hand side. The presence of this scene completes the religious atmosphere and confers to the entire cycle a scene of deep optimism, which is typical of the 15th century Christian vision, in contrast with the Medieval view characterized by penance and suffering. Style The Cenacolo di Sant’Apollonia is the first Renaissance cenacolo in Florence and it stands for a fundamental moment in the history of Florentine painting. The main innovation consists of the expert use of perspective which allowed creating a certain harmony between the lower scene, and the upper scenes placed in a landscape. Each element is seen from below, so to gradually lead the viewer to the scenes above, which create the illusion of being placed farther into the background. Even the colors follow a gradual passage, from gloomy shades in the Last Supper scene to the lighter shades, full of light in the upper scenes, emphasizing the message of salvation. Another significant aspect of Andrea del Castagno’s style is the use of lighting, which substantiates colors and at the same time creates three- dimensionality: a way of painting typical of the Quattrocento painters, like Domenico Veneziano and Piero della Francesca. The Last Supper The room in which the Last Supper takes place is a well-defined space: we notice the precise shape of the tiles of the slanted roof and the corners of brick walls, which define the grassy area of a surrounding garden that reaches up into the scenes above. All the compositional elements are seen in a shortened view: the square pattern of the floor, the white and black pattern of the ceiling, the windowed wall from which the light filters through and the long table which we can only see in profile. A dramatic atmosphere, underlined by the use of dark colors, envelopes the Apostles reunited around Christ: they are figures drawn with energy and painted in strong contrasts of “chiaroscuro” in order to obtain effects of intense plasticity that can better express the drama of the scene. Their faces and gestures were studied to produce a variety of movements and expressions, but all in all they look static, as if stopped in space. The marble slabs in the background also add to the dramatic atmosphere of the scene, especially the one behind the figure of Christ, with its violent contrast of red and dark colors. Here Judas sits isolated in the foreground of the picture, disrupting its balance and breaking up the long white strip of tablecloth. The placement of Judah separated from the rest of the apostles is typical of the iconography (although usually is on the right rather than the left of Jesus). He is shown in profile with the face of a satyr: a mythological creature, half-man and half-goat, often used in Renaissance painting to represent evil. p.s. This is a wide rectangular space with wooden coffered ceiling and a series of windows on the right wall. The end wall of the Cenacolo di Sant’Apollonia (9.75 x 9.10 m) was decorated with frescoes by Andrea del Castagno. The Crucifixion, the Entombment and the Resurrection Although with some difficulty due to the deterioration of the painting, even the upper scenes convey strong feeling; for example the pain felt by the group of pious women supporting Mary under the Cross, or expressed in the angels’ faces. The three episodes are unified by the landscape, described in a concise but realistic way, with the profile of the hills which, as it has been noticed, reminds us of the landscape of an area near Mount Falterona, where the Arno river has its source. p.s. The great cloister of the Abbess, with two floors, is among the largest of Florence and the ground floor of an elegant colonnade century Ionic order (on three sides) and columns on the upper floor. Today it is used by the University (on the building’s south side is the canteen of the students). (http://www.operamedicealaurenziana.org/index.php/en/) Mediceo Laurenziano Complex that includes the Basilica of San Lorenzo with the Old Sacristy, the cloisters and the monumental areas, the Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana and the Medici Chapels’ Museum. Piazza di San Lorenzo Going out of the Palazzo Medici Riccardi walking along via de’ Gori you arrive in San Lorenzo Square. At the western end of the piazza, near the entrance to San Lorenzo church, there is a statue of Giovanni delle Bande Nere, mercenary and father of Cosimo I, first Medici Grand Duck. It was carved by Baccio Bandinelli in 1540. The Basilica The origins of San Lorenzo coincide with the origins of the Christian Community in Florence. According to the tradition, the early Basilica, which was the oldest Florentine Cathedral, was consecrated by St. Ambrose, Bishop of Milan, in 393 and was dedicated to the martyr Lorenzo. It was rebuilt in the Romanesque period, and re-consecrated in 1059. In 1418, Giovanni dei Bicci, founder of the Medici’s family, entrusted Filippo Brunelleschi for the reconstruction of San Lorenzo, who directed the works until his death in 1446. The project was completed by his biographer and heir Antonio Manetti in 1461. Since then San Lorenzo has inextricably linked its history to that of the Medici’s dynasty, therefore over three hundred years they had governed the fate of Florence and Tuscany. Inside the Medici’s official Church; weddings, baptisms and funerals took place for their members and they also attended the Great State ceremonies. Here they buried all their dead until the last descendant, Anna Maria Luisa. Despite some interventions of 18th and 19th century, the Basilica of San Lorenzo still retains nowadays the melodic vastness and the sense of perfect harmony that Brunelleschi had wanted to infuse in virtue of precise proportional relationships that regulate his structures. According to the will of Pope Leone X, son of Lorenzo the Magnificent, the Basilica would have had to be properly completed by a marble facing facade. In 1518 the Pope entrusted the task to Michelangelo. Many designs and a wooden model, now exposed in the museum of Casa Buonarroti, can give us an idea of the magnitude of Michelangelo’s project, which was never realized. The church was restored, with the campanile added, by Ferdinando Ruggieri in 1740-1741, commissioned by the last of the Medici, Electress Palatine Anna Maria Lodovica. The Old Sacristy Built by Brunelleschi between 1422 and 1428, the Old Sacristy represents one of the first projects by the famous Florentine architect in which he successfully transmitted his architectural vision into geometric volumes scrupulously which subdivided in accordance with precise proportional ratios. The simplicity and stringency of the spatial concept (a cubic space covered by an umbrella dome divided into twelve segments) is emphasized by the use of serene stone to highlight the load-bearing elements. Brunelleschi’s limpid architecture is offset by the polychrome stucco works produced by Donatello at various different times between 1428 and 1443. (http://www.museumsinflorence.com/musei/Medici_chapels.html) The harmonious fusion between architectural space and plastic decoration makes the Old Sacristy one of the most complete and consistent works of the Early Florentine Renaissance. (Giovanni di Bicci and his wife Piccarda were buried in the Old Sacristy.) The Medici Chapels The Medici Chapels have been a state museum since 1869; their history is closely tied to that of the Basilica of San Lorenzo, of which they are part. The complex of the Medici Chapels including the sumptuous mausoleum of the Princes and Michelangelo’s New Sacristy designed as a funerary chapel of the Medici family. The Medici chapels is reached through the back of the Basilica of San Lorenzo complex, where the entrance first opens onto a crypt that houses the tombs of the members of the older Medici family. The two staircases lead to the Chapel of the Princes on the floor above. Anna Maria Luisa, the Palatine Electress, is portrayed in the bronze statue by Alfonso Boninsegni . The 1946 model was cast in 2004 and that same year donated to the Museum by the artist’s heirs. The New Sacristy (新聖器室) Thought out first by Pope Leone X to worthily accommodate the funeral monuments of his father Lorenzo the Magnificent and his uncle Giuliano, together with his brother Giuliano Duke of Nemours and his nephew Lorenzo, Duke of Urbino, the New Sacristy was actually only started in 1520 by the will of the second Medici Pope, Clement VII. Michelangelo devoted himself to its realization until 1534, year of his definitive transfer to Rome (completed by Giorgio Vasari in 1546). Adopting the architectural model of the Old Sacristy, Michelangelo constructed a cubic space topped by a hemispherical dome in which the architectural elements are highlighted by the use of serene stone. The space is animated by a new plastic concept where the dual tone between the casing of serene stone and plastered surface enhances the drama of the two funeral monuments sculptural groups. In the New Sacristy Michelangelo’s artistic genius appears in all its monumental greatness. It is a unique, monumental masterpiece of the artist in terms of architecture as well as sculpture. The celebrated and elegant funeral monuments are ironically those of the lesser known Medici, who both died young. Tomb of Giuliano, Duke of Nemours with the statues Day(晝) and Night(夜)—Brother of Pope Leo X, the Duke of Nemours, was portrayed by Michelangelo as a military captain holding a staff of command. On the volutes of the sarcophagus lie the reclining statues of Day (right) and Night (left), which recall the insurable passing of time. Day is portrayed as a powerfully-built man with an unfinished face. Night is a young, sleeping woman with a smooth, sleek body, drenched in lunar light. The figure of Night is considered by many as one of Michelangelo’s finest (1524-1527).《夜》：手枕著頭，正在沉睡中的女子，以腳下的貓頭鷹象徵著黑夜的降臨，身旁的面具，則象徵著她正受惡夢纏身 Tomb of Lorenzo, Duke of Urbino with the statues Dawn(晨) and Dusk(昏)—Michelangelo sculpted the tomb of the Duck of Urbino, nephew of Leo X, during his last years in Florence between 1531 and 1532. Dedicate of Machiavelli’s the Prince, Lorenzo is portrayed immersed in thought, and his pensive temperament is in line with the allegories of time placed at either side of his sarcophagus. Dawn seems to be waking from the torpor of sleep, while Dusk, in the abandon of painful inertia, seems to be about to fall asleep. Saint Cosmas, Madonna and Child, Saint Damian—The sepulcher with the mortal remains of Lorenzo the Magnificent and of his brother Giuliano (killed during the Pazzi conspiracy in 1478) is surmounted by three sculptures. The one in the middle is the Madonna and Child, an autograph work by Michelangelo of 1521. On the left is Saint Cosmas by Giovan Angelo da Montorsoli (1537), while on the right is Saint Damian by Raffaello da Montelupo (1531). (Saint Cosmas and Saint Damian are protectors of the Medici, Giovan Angelo and Raffaello are pupils of Michelangelo.) Vasari had the sculptures placed here is 1554. The Princes’ Chapel (王室祭堂) The Chapel of the Princes was based on the idea of Grand Duck Cosimo I to create a monumental family tomb. It was designed to show the prestige and power of the Medici Grand Dukes. Emblematic achievement of the Medici self-affirmation, the Princes’ Chapel was conceived by Cosimo I since 1568 (Giorgio Vasari was entrusted with the project between 1561 and 1568), but its construction began under the grand duchy of Ferdinando I, when, as a result of a contest held in 1602, Matteo Nigetti, was appointed site manager, a position that he held until 1650. The Grand Dukes wanted to cover the walls of their mausoleum with the most precious and incorruptible materials: polychrome marbles and granites, jaspers, alabasters and lapis lazulis and even corals and mother pearls. The Opificio delle Pietre Dure, founded in 1588 by Ferdinand I, for centuries, has dedicated much of its work on the decoration of the Princes’ Chapel. The expensive works proceeded very slowly and exhausted the financial resources of the grand duchy. It was then Anna Maria Luisa de ‘Medici, the last heir of a dynasty, that ended with her death, who wanted to impress a decisive acceleration at the yard, consigning to the history the last fruit of the great Medici’s patronage. The octagonal room has six niches dedicated to the funeral monument of each Grand Duke, identifiable by their name inscribed in letters of semi-precious stones above. The monumental tombs were to be completed by a bronze statue of each Duke, but only two of these were actually carried out. (Two niches contain statues of two grand dukes, Cosimo II and Ferdinando I. Plans to create statues for the other dukes were never realized.) The dukes, full-length and larger than life, have been depicted as youthful and powerful, with the crown and scepter, symbols of the sacredness and power handed down for centuries from one Medici prince to another. During the first half of 18th century, by order of Anna Maria Luisa de’Medici, the large windows and cupola were completed, while the internal decoration of the vault was executed by Pietro Benvenuti between 1828 and 1837 (feature scenes of the Old and New Testaments). The Chapel flooring of semiprecious stone inlay was only completed in 1962. (Sixteen coats of arms, representing the most important cities in Tuscany) p.s. There is a great difference in atmosphere and style from the Chapel of the Princes, holding the monuments of the Medici dukes and the New Sacristy by Michelangelo, with the monuments of the earlier, “unofficial” Medici rulers of the Renaissance. The former is ostentatious, grand, over-the-top with intensely decorated details and over life size sarcophagi and statues. The latter is elegant, subdued and understated, with use of the serene gray stones and white marble. These details really personify the figures whose memories they hold, and give a great idea as to how they were seen and known by the public. (The articulation of the architecture structure and the strength of Michelangelo’s sculptures reflect a complex symbolism of Human Life, where “active life” and “contemplative life” interact to free the soul after death, a philosophical concept closely linked to Michelangelo’s own spirituality.) The Canons’ Cloister The Basilica’s main cloister takes is named after the Canons of San Lorenzo, who since the founding of the church, were in charge to ensure the daily liturgy and of providing pastoral cure. The cloister as we see it today is a work of Brunelleschi’s pupil and successor Antonio Manetti, who rebuilt it between 1457 and 1462, probably following an earlier design by Cosimo the Elder’s favorite architect Michelozzo. The spacious and well-proportioned cloister is articulated on two orders supported by elegant Ionic columns. The lower open gallery is higher and airy, with rounded arches while the upper floor is trabeated. Once, around there were the houses of the canons and the prior and spaces dedicated to the common life as the kitchen, the refectory and the chapter hall. Even today we can see above the doors the alphabet letters that identify each house. In the corner, at the far end of this side of the cloister, there are the stairs to the upper floor and to the Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana; a niche in the wall at the left of the base of the stairs houses the marble statue of the Bishop of Como, the historian and collector Paolo Giovio, realized by Francesco da Sangallo in 1560. The Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana The importance of the Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, with its collection of nearly 11,000 manuscripts, is based mainly on two converging factors, both extraordinary: the specific nature of the Library’s holdings and the character of its building. (It was really the first of its kind, and even served as a model for the Vatican’s library.) Commissioned by Pope Clement VII of the Medici ‘s to host the valuable collection of manuscripts of the family, the Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana was designed by Michelangelo, who personally directed the work between 1523 and 1534, the year of his transfer to Rome. The library was completed in 1571 by Giorgio Vasari and Bartolomeo Ammannati, commissioned by Cosimo I of the Medici’s, to continue the works according to Michelangelo’s drawings and it was opened to the public later that year. Vestibule: The access or entrance-hall, called vestibule, is dominated by the large serene stone staircase realized by Ammannati in 1559 following the Michelangelo’s model, who had, however, originally conceived it of walnut wood. (Michelangelo intended the Vestibule to be a dark prelude to the brightness of the Reading Room.) The Vestibule remained incomplete until the beginning of the 20th century when finally the facade was accomplished with its series of blind windows. On the same occasion the ceiling was covered by a cloth painted by the Bolognese artist Giacomo Lolli, depicting motifs imitating the carved wooden ceiling of the Reading Room. The staircase’s tripartite structure, including a central flight with elliptically shaped stairs and the outer ones are quadrangular shaped, is quite unique. The staircase is, then, an explosion of originality which fits perfectly with the fanciful character of the Mannerist style of architecture. The Vestibule’s main feature is its vertical: the walls are divided into three sections decorated by double columns, scroll-shaped corbels, gabled niches framed by pilasters which taper downward in a usual fashion. The vertical tensions of the vestibule seem to quieted down in the long hall of the big Reading Room. The Reading Room: At the top of the staircase a large portal introduces to the vast reading room, one of the few 16th centuries environments in the world to have preserved almost intact. Here everything is original from the ceiling of carved basswood by Giovan Battista del Tasso (1549-1550), on the basis of Michelangelo’s drawings, with beautiful stained glass windows designed by Giorgio Vasari with the Medici arms, ending with the beautiful red and white tiled floor, designed by Niccolò Tribolo (a student of Buonarroti) and realized from 1548 by Santi Buglioni. The same wooden benches, called plutei, which run in two parallel rows on both sides of the room, were made according to the Michelangelo’s drawings. They had the dual function of the lectern and custody: the codes were horizontally stored in the lower shelves and were freely available secured to the benches by chains. The Reading Room, which unlike the Vestibule develops horizontally hosts two series of wooden benches. The floor in red and white terracotta echoes the ornamental and symbolic designs found in the ceiling, which allude to the Medici dynasty. (You can’t step on it!) The collection once kept here is unique for its philological and artistic value. The manuscripts and printed books lied horizontally on the lecterns and on the shelves and were distributed by subject (Patristics, Astronomy, Rhetoric, Philosophy, History, Grammar, Poetry, and Geography); the wooden panels placed on one side of each bench listed the titles of the items chained therein. This display was maintained until the beginning of the 20th century, when the manuscripts (the printed books were given to the Magliabechiana Library, now Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Firenze in 1783) were transferred downstairs, in the vaults was they are still housed. Each row had a specific topic and a list of books assigned to that desk. Need to use a different book? You had to change your seat. The splendid stained-glass windows, which were the last part of the Library to be accomplished (1558-1568), display an ornamental array of Medici heraldic devices-emblems, arms, winged putti-which can be referred to Clement VII and Cosimo I. Possibly realized by a Flemish workshop in keeping with Giorgio Vasari’s drawings, the refined multicolor decoration was realized using grisaille and yellow silver techniques and probably following four recurrent patterns. p.s. The decorated windows in Michelangelo’s Library with all their references to contemporary pictorial art are a true master piece of glass craftsmanship. Originally the windows were thirty, fifteen on each side of the Reading Room in order to illuminate the two series of wooden benches or plutei. Today only twenty-seven windows survive in their “original” condition; two windows are “blind” and one has gone lost in order to build the entrance to the D’Elci Rotunda. Tribuna D’Elci: In the first decades of the 19th century the Tribune d’Elci was added to the original settings (1818). The rotunda was designed by Pasquale Poccianti to house the collection of manuscripts and old books donated to the library by the Florentine scholar and bibliophile Angelo Maria d’Elci. The Rotunda was inaugurated in 1841 and has been the Library’s Reading Room until the 1970’s. Nowadays the D’Elci collection is kept elsewhere – in conditions more suitable for conservation purposes – and the room is employed for seminars, meetings and inaugurations. The d’Elci collection, comprising 1,213 first editions of Greek and Latin classics as well as the earliest exemplars printed by Aldo Manuzio, entered the Laurenziana in 1841 on the occasion of the 2nd Conference of Italian Scientists in Florence. In effect, the Florentine bibliophile Angelo Maria d’Elci had officially donated his collection to the Library as early as 1818, but he did not part from the library till his death, which occurred in 1824 in Vienna where he had the books rebound according to contemporary taste. After d’Elci’s death his books were taken care of by Giovanni degli Alessandri, Director of the RR. Gallerie and President of the Accademia di Belle Arti, in Florence: on behalf of his collector friend, Alessandri had the last volumes rebound and followed the various phases of the building of the Rotunda planned by Pasquale Poccianti in order to host the collection at the side of Michelangelo’s monumental library. Whilst the collection was kept by Alessandri, it was catalogued by Canon Francesco Grazzini. The Catalogue was published in Florence in 1826, anonymously, by the Tipografia all’insegna di Dante Similarly, eight manuscripts containing works and notes by D’Elci as well as his correspondence have been donated by Alessandri and the D’Elci heirs to the Laurenziana. The neoclassical style of the room echoes the predominant elements in the Library’s architecture and decoration: viz. the columns, the two-toned walls and the terracotta floor. Collections: The Library holds around 11,000 manuscripts, 2,500 papyri, 43 ostraka, 566 incunabula, 1,681 16th century printed books, 592 periodicals on related subjects and a total of 126,527 books dating from the 17th to the 20th century. Certainly the collections are not outstanding from a numerical point of view, if compared with those belonging to other Italian or foreign libraries. Nevertheless, their truly exceptional character can be attributed to the fact that the manuscripts and books which compose them have been chosen for their age, textual worth and beauty. Dante, Commedia Ovid, Metamorphois p.s. The manuscripts that once belonged to the Medici private library were stripped of their original covers, rebound in red leather with the Medici arms and arranged on benches. The chains still visible on the lower covers of many of these manuscripts bear testimony to the reading practices of the time and the librarians’ concern for the safeguard of the collection. The Bargello National Museum has a remarkable collection of sculpture and minor arts. This building dates from 1255, when it was built as the seat of the “Capitano del Popolo", the commander of the local militia. Later it became the seat of the “Podestà" and then of the Capitano di Giustizia (the magistrate) or “Bargello", from which it gets its name. After extensive renovation, it became one of Italy’s first national museums in 1865. It contains masterpieces by Brunelleschi, Donatello, Luca della Robbia, Verrocchio, Michelangelo, Giambologna, and Cellini along with splendid collections of bronzes, majolica, waxes, enamels, medals, seals, ivories, amber, tapestries, furniture and textiles from the Medici collections and those of private donors. p.s. The word “bargello" appears to come from the Late Latin bargillus (from Goth bargi and German burg), meaning “castle" or “fortified tower". During the Italian Middle Ages it was the name given to a military captain in charge of keeping peace and justice (hence “Captain of justice") during riots and uproars. In Florence he was usually hired from a foreign city to prevent any appearance of favoritism on the part of the Captain. The position could be compared with that of a current Chief of police. The name “Bargello" was extended to the building which was the office of the captain. History (http://www.polomuseale.firenze.it/en/musei/?m=bargello) The Palazzo: The Palazzo del Bargello was founded in 1255 as the headquarters of the Capitano del Popolo (Captain of the People), an office instituted five years earlier in the constitution of the ancient Florence republic in order to safeguard the rights of the population and ensure its economic organization. It was the first public palazzo in Florence-built to the design of Lapo di Cambio, father of Arnolfo di Cambio, or Dominicans Fra’Sisto and Fra’Ristoro, the first architects of Santa Maria Novella. The construction incorporated pre-existing structures including the Palagio and Tower of the Boscoli, as well as various houses and towers belonging to the church of the Badia. This austere crenellated building served as model for the construction of the Palazzo Vecchio. In 1260 the Palazzo became the headquarters of the Podestà, the administrators of the justice with a temporary tenure; this new destination called for several enlargements in Via dell’Acqua, with the erecting of the portico, and the Verone (loggia) on the first floor between 1317 and 1320 to a design by Tone di Giovanni Scene of numerous turbulent Florentine political events, the building was subjected to extensive damage, including fires (1332), floods (1333), sieges (1378), and as a result it was restored and restructured on numerous occasions. The year 1574 marked a turn in civic and architectural events for the building (From 1574, under the lordship of Cosimo I de’ Medici, palazzo was made over into the city prison). Since the Capitano di piazza also called Bargello, head of the police force and keeper of public order was transferred to the Palazzo, it was necessary to raise the dividing walls (in order to create the greatest number of cells possible inside the vast interiors) and close off the arches of the loggia, while the mural decorations were either destroyed or painted over. This situation remained unchanged until 1786 when Grand Duck Leopold of Lorraine abolished the death penalty and all the torture instruments were burnt in the courtyard. In 1857 it was decreed to transfer the prison to the nearby convent of the Murate and a full-scale restoration of the Palazzo was commenced under the direction of Francesco Mazzei, concluded in 1865. Wherever possible, Mazzei tried to maintain the original appearance of the building, demolishing the 16th century masonry infrastructures (opened up the arches again) in order to recover the numerous damaged architectural and pictorial decorations of the rooms, and reproducing those that had been destroyed. p.s. Palazzo del Bargello is the oldest public building in Florence. The original two-story structure was built alongside the Volognana Tower in 1256. The third story, which can be identified by the smaller blocks used to construct it, was added after the fire of 1332. The Bargello’s ancient bell tower traditionally rings only in case of war or of enemy attach, the last time it rang was for the big flood in 1966. The Birth of the Museum: Since 1859 it had been decided that the ancient Palazzo del Podestà, once restored, should house a museum documenting the history and the arts of Tuscany. After various projects, during the years in which Florence was capital of Italy the idea of a National Museum emerged; it was inaugurated in 1865 with the celebrations in honor of Dante Alighieri. Participating in the two exhibitions set up for the occasion, devoted to Dante and to medieval art, there were also private collectors who offered a variety of different objects to contribute to the formation of the museum. In this initial phase two rooms were set up on the ground floor displaying the arms and armour that remained of the Medici armoury and other arms from the Guardaroba of Palazzo Vecchio, and a room of 15th and 16th century sculptures. The sculptures from the Salone dei Cinquecento in Palazzo Vecchio were set up in the Salone on the first floor. Later came the bronze and marble sculptures, originally displayed in the corridor and several rooms of the Uffizi, the collections of applied arts (majolica, waxworks, amber, ivory, gold and silverware, enamels and small bronzes) previously belonging to the Medici and later housed in the Uffizi and in Palazzo Pitti, as well as donations and loans from private citizens. Other material arrived from public institutions (the seals from the State Archive, coins from the Mint) while after the suppression of the monastic orders which followed the unification of Italy, the museum was further enriched by Della Robbias and other sculptures and liturgical gold and silverware. For the fifth centenary of Donatello in 1887, numerous sculptures by the artist were arranged in the first floor Salone, starting with the St. George from the tabernacle of the Armourers’ guild in Orsanmichele. Since then, despite various changes, the room has been used to display the works of Donatello and other Florentine sculptors of the early 15th century. In the last decade of the 19th century the museum received several important donations from private citizens. Particularly significant among these (1886), in terms of the number (3,236 pieces), the quality and the exceptional variety of the objects, is the collection which the Lyons antique collector Louis Carrand bequeathed to the city of Florence, on the condition that it should be kept at the Bargello. Following this and other bequests (Conti in 1886, Ressman in 1899 and Franchetti in 1906) the museum gradually became specialized in the sector of the applied arts, no less important than that of Renaissance sculpture. p.s. The Bargello Museum is the most important and largest collection of Italian Renaissance sculpture. For Renaissance art lovers, the Bargello is to sculpture what the Uffizi is to painting. Visit the Museum Courtyard: The courtyard and loggia of the Bargello Museum are home to an exceptional collection of the coats of arms left by the administrators of Justice (Capitani del Popolo, Podesta, Giudici di Rota). Also the courtyard was once the place execution. Designed to connect the earlier and later parts of the Palazzo – that is the section on Via del Proconsolo and that over Via dell’Acqua – the 13th century Courtyard was embellished in the following century by the addition of the elegant Verone and the staircase. These two attractively Gothic-flavor elements mediate the approach to the imposing reaches of the upper floors. As a court, it has a unique geometry. It’s square with an eight-sided well in the middle, arched porticoes on 3 sides and, on the fourth side, an impressive stone staircase leading onto an open balcony (loggia) with sculptures. Various 16th century statues by Bandinelli, Ammannati, Giambologna and Danti are set against the walls. The Michelangelo Room (The Michelangelo and 16th Century Sculpture): The masterpieces of 16th century sculpture are gathered in the Michelangelo Room (ground floor) where we can admire four splendid works by Michelangelo, from the earliest Bacchus Drunk, the smooth soft contours of which reveal the influence of classical art, to the later works (Brutus, Pitti Tondo and David-Apollo), with rugged surfaces, worked as in a chiaroscuro drawing and using the “non finito" technique, which are also dense in symbolic meanings. Entrance to the Michelangelo Room This spacious hall, one of the oldest in the Palazzo, liberated by Mazzei’s restoration in 1865 from the infrastructures that had invaded it at the end of the 16th century, was redecorated by Gaetano Bianchi with ribs taken from Giotto’s work in Assisi and the ornamentation of the arches made up of a highly ingenious intertwining of lilies – the emblem of the Comune (D’Azeglio). Following the damage caused by the flood of 1966, the room was restored and repainted (only the fresco of the Virgin and Child attributed to the school of Giotto now remains). It was then allocated by Luciano Berti to the display of the most prestigious examples of 16th century sculptures, many of which came to the Bargello in 1874 from the Uffizi Gallery. Bacchus—The Roman god of wine with a small satyr was Michelangelo’s first major work (when he was just 22, 1496-1497). The modeling is Classical, but the unsteady, drunken posture mocks the poise of ancient works. This Bacchus with its precarious equilibrium and drunken gaze was not appreciated by its patron, Cardinal Raffaele Sansoni Riario: already in 1501 the Bacchus was among the works in the garden of the Roman residence of banker Jacopo Galli, to whom it had been sold. The Medici purchased the sculpture for 240 ducats in 1572 and according to records; it was displayed in the Uffizi until at least 1591. p.s. There is also work by Sansovino who made a Bacchus of his own to compete against Michelangelo’s (far left). Giovan Francesco Rustici, Madonna and Child with the Young Saint John, 1509 Commissioned by the Silk Guild, that relief forms part of the traditional Tuscan painted tondos with the Madonna and Child, nevertheless it is clearly inspired by Michelangelo’s Pitti Tondo. Rustici, however, seems more interested in expressing the humanity of the divine group, thanks to the naturalness of the representation. Michelangelo, David-Apollo, 1530 Original Base of the Perseus—The marble base stood beneath the large bronze statue of Perseus holding the severed head of Medusa in the Loggia dei Lanzi in Piazza della Signoria. It was under explicit orders from the Duck Cosimo I de’Medici that Benvenuto Cellini executed the monumental bronze statue (which still stands in the piazza) and the marble base. The work lasted from 1550 to 1554. The marble pedestal is masterfully decorated with heraldic motifs (the Capricorn heads, the duck’s emblem), mythological figures (the Diana herms at the corners) and grotesques. The base also comprises full-round bronze statues in the four niches depicting figures from the myth of Perseus, based on Ovid’s Metamorphoses. The niches contained portrayals of the gods who guaranted protection of the feats of Perseus: his mother Danae with the small hero, his father Zeus, and his siblings Minerva and Mercury. After the restorations that were completed in 2000, the marble base was replaced with a copy for conservation reasons and transferred to the Bargello, which also housed a wax model of the Perseus, and a small scale bronze version with some variations, that may be related to the final design, all exhibited in this room. Mercurio Volante (Flying Mercury)—This is Giambologna’s most famous work. Its representation of the gods as a harmonious and agile nude figure, in artificial balance on the breath of Zephyr, received great acclaim. The first mention of this Mercury dates back to 1580, when it was sent to decorated the fountain at the entrance to the garden of Villa Medici in Rome, residence of Cardinal Ferdinando de’Medici. When the villa was sold by Grand Duck Pietro Leopoldo of Lorraine, in 1780, the bronze statue was sent to the Uffizi. The Loggia (Verone): The elegant loggia covered with cross vaults faces onto the large courtyard of the palazzo. With the transformation of the Bargello into a prison at the end of the 16th century, this part was closed off and divided into cells until the 19th century renovate, which restored the building to its original structure, embellished with 14th century style mural decorations. The present layout, which dates to 1932, features a display of various 16th century sculptures. These include a number of works by Jean de Boulogne, known as Giambologna, a Flemish artist who came to Florence around 1553 and very soon entered the service of the Medici. By him are the two fishing Putti originating from the Casino of San Marco and the marble Allegory of Architecture. This statue, which stood in the Boboli gardens up to 1789, was inspired by the allegories of the Fine Arts which adorned the catafalque of Michelangelo at the lavish funeral of the artist which was celebrated in the Church of San Lorenzo in July 1564. The gigantic Jason by Pietro Francavilla, recently acquired by the museum, one of the most significant testimonies to Mannerist sculpture in Florence, reveals the last developments of Florentine Mannerism. The Donatello Room (The Donatello and 15th Century Sculpture): Originally the “Council Chamber”, this is the largest room in the Palazzo. Restructured by Francesco Mazzei and redecorated by Gaetano Bianchi between 1857 and 1865, it was also used for housing the 15th century sculptures from Palazzo Vecchio. During Donatello’s centrnary celebrations (1887) an exhibition was organized the combined his works already on display in the museum with the casts of those missing. The success of this exhibition gave rise to the idea of permanently displaying Donatello’s masterpieces together with early 15th century sculptures in this room which still has the same setup today except for the addition of several works. This fine hall, mediaeval in structure, was radically restored between 1857 and 1865. With its imitation fresco decoration and the symmetrical arrangement of the works, it represents a typical example of 19th century museum layout. Baptistry Door Competition Panels—In 1401 the competition held for the second bronze door of the Florentine Baptistery was won by Lorenzo Ghiberti with his panel portraying sacrifice of Isaac, on display here together with the one by Filippo Brunelleschi. The competition for the second door of the Baptistery, held by the powerful Guild of the Merchants of Calimala in 1401, is commonly reputed to have been the event that inaugurated the Renaissance. (Ghiberti’s and Brunelleschi’s trial panels are so different from Florentine Gothic art often regards as the first products of the Renaissance.) Among those taking part were Lorenzo Ghiberti and Filippo Brunelleschi, both declared equal winners even though it appears the latter decided not to take part in the assignment. The models to be submitted to the commission, a bronze panel with a polylobed frame (like the one on the southern door carried out by Andrea Pisano in the 14th century), had to portray the Sacrifice of Issac and those by Ghiberti and Brunelleschi are the only ones that still remain. Ghiberti’s composition stands out first and foremost for the balance between the figures and the space divided diagonally by the rock, and the refined decorations on the altar which testify to this artist’s exceptional talent as a goldsmith. There is also reference to ancient art, especially in the nude figure of Isaac. Brunelleschi’s relief instead shows a single space in which the figures, distributed on parallel planes, hardly fit into the frame. With the abrupt rhythm of the gestures the artist accentuates the dramatic sense of the action about to take place, demonstrating a more modern interpretation. There is also reference to ancient sculpting in the figure on the left that recalls the theme of the Spinario (thorn puller). Donatello, Marzocco, 1420/ Benedetto da Maiano, Base, 1483 A heraldic symbol of Florentine dominion, the Marzocco (from the Latin Martius, or Mars, god of war) is an emblem of force and generosity. This lion holding a shield which bears a lily, the coat of arms of Florence, was sculpted for the apartment which housed Pope Martin V in Santa Maria Novella between 1419 and 1420. In 1812 it was positioned in front of Palazzo della Signoria to replace the original 14th century Marzocco, by then in ruins. However, due to the deterioration of the stone, Donatello’s lion was moved inside the Uffizi in 1847 and replaced by a replica. The elegant marble base, supported by columns and balustrade and decorated on the fieze with the coats of arms of Florence and city’s institutions, once held the 14th century Marzocco of the Signoria before it was replaced by Donatello’s in 1812. For conservation reasons, the base was transferred to the Bargello in 1999 and reunited with Donatello’s Marzocco (already in the museum since 1865). Today there is a copy of the same in front of Palazzo Vecchio in Piazza della Signoria. The young Donatello trained under Ghiberti and after initially being influenced by the late-Gothic experience he later became more fascinated by classical sculptures, inaugurating the Renaissance in sculpture by proposing a new way of portraying figures in space. The change-over to this new Renaissance language can be seen by comparing his marble David from 1408 and Saint George from 1416, with the altar step (Saint George freeing the Princess), which is the first example of a “flattened” relief created with a perspective in space. Donatello, marble David, 1408 Donatello, Saint George/ Saint George Killing the Dragon and Liberating the Princess (predella), 1416-1417 This statue is the first sculpture that fully expressed the aesthetic and civic ideals of the Renaissance. Indeed, Gothic art seems surpassed in the classical and harmonious proportions of the young hero’s body; in the proud expression which is inspired by portraits from the ancient Roman art. Donatello received the commission for the statue, and the tabernacle in which it stood (the one in the museum is copy), in 1416 from the Guild of Armourers and Sword Makers, which like the other guilds had a niche on the façade of the church of Orsanmichele. By 1417 he had completed the statue and predella depicting Saint George Killing the Dragon and Liberating the Princess. It was here that he first experimented with Brunelleschian perspective and with what has come to be known as “stiacciato” technique that is a low relief that becomes flatter and flatted near the horizon line and can be used to depict complex perspectives and even suggest atmospheric effects in sculpture. Smithsonian此次的Insider’s Florence行程在「大衛」的震撼中結束，而心情實在無法馬上回復，因此信步走到附近的聖天使報喜廣場，就遇到也在年會空檔來拍照的傅老！可見此廣場建築的重要及可觀性。 Piazza della Santissima Annunziata is located in the historic center of Florence, just north of the Piazza del Duomo, and is dominated by the Basilica of the Annunciation, one of the most important religious buildings in Florence, as well as the parent of the ‘ Order of the Servants of Mary. Subject of an early urban intervention, attended some of the greatest architects of the Renaissance, the square is today of great stylistic harmony, porticos on three sides, and the fourth with two twin buildings, framing the view of the dome of Brunelleschi through straight Via dei Servi . The piazza is surrounded on three sides by balanced porticoes, with the mostly southern oriented side opening on to Via dei Servi. p.s. Between 1447 and 1452 Antonio Manetti built a porch to a first arch in front of the facade of the church; since 1516 Antonio da Sangallo the Elder and then Baccio d’Agnolo built the porch equivalent to the Brunelleschi, the loggia of the Servants of Mary; between 1599 and 1601 Giovanni Battista Caccini expanded the porch of the church at the expense of the family Pucci , as reminiscent of the inscription and the emblems affixed. History: The area of the piazza was chosen in 1250 as a space for a church by the Florentine members of the Servite Order. At the time the piazza lay in open countryside outside the main city walls of Florence, in an area called Cafaggio. In 1299 the City destined 400 florins to the Friars for the purchase of land in front, on which to create a square. As defined itself over the course of several centuries, the square shows today unitary character and, between the streets of Florence, is the one that best expresses the ideals of the Renaissance city. Adding to the beauty of the space were then placed in the first half of the 17th century some outstanding elements of street furniture. At the center was placed the equestrian monument to Grand Duke Ferdinando I, a late work of Giambologna finished by Pietro Tacca in 1608. Similarly Tacca will then have the two fountains with marine figures in bronze at the sides (1629) originally made to adorn the monument to Ferdinand I de ‘Medici in Livorno and assembled here in 1643 . With these grants, the square took on the current characteristics and, in 1684, Ferdinand Leopodo the Best could be defined in its guide of Florence Square. The Buildings: Palazzo Grifoni-Budini Gattai In the southeast corner of the piazza lies the Palazzo Grifoni-Budini Gattai, formerly Palazzo Grifoni, begun in 1157 by Bartolomeo Ammannati for Jacopo Ugolino Grifoni and eventually finished by Buontalenti and Giambologna. It is privately owned and available for functions. The masonry exterior is brick, representing an almost unique example in Florence, where the use of brick, especially in a monumental building. The façade is organized on three floors (The palace was born with two floors; the third was added between the 17th and 18th centuries.), tightened between robust ashlars angular and divided by ornate friezes and string course, decorated with triglyphs and metopes with ox skulls and patere. Portico della Confraternita dei Servi di Maria The Renaissance style porch was built between 1516 and 1525 and designed by Antonio da Sangallo the Elder and Baccio d’Agnolo (the latter present in the pipeline only until 1519), in keeping with the design dell’antistante factory built a century before by Filippo Brunelleschi for the Hospital of the Innocents (give unity to the square). Today it houses a hotel. The “S" twisted in the medallions are the very symbol of the Servants of Mary. Santissima Annunziata The church that gives the piazza its name, Santissima Annunziata, lies behind a portico on the north side of the piazza. Santissima Annunziata is an old parish church founded in 1250 by the Servite order. The current building was constructed in the 1444 (finished 1481) by Michelozzo, funded by Medici. In order to visually relate it to the already existing Spedale degli Innocenti it was preceded by a cloister and by a portico. Spedale degli Innocenti—Brunelleschi’s first architectural commission (http://imgkid.com/ospedale-degli-innocenti.shtml) The delicate nine-bay arcade on the eastern side of this elegant square was the Brunelleschi-designed (1419-1426) and La Robbia-decorated façade of the Spedale degli Innocenti. This “hospital” is named after Herod’s biblical Massacre of the Innocents following the birth of Jesus. It opened in 1445 as the first orphanage in Europe, and part of the building is still used for this purpose. The building overlooking the square is erected above a nine steps staircase and is characterized by a porch (71 meters long) defined by nine semicircular arches at the center of columns with capitals d ‘ Composite order and, on the sides, two other arches flanked by fluted pilasters. On the porch there are frescoes by Bernardino Poccetti, both in the lunettes at the ends, in the latter case the crowning marble busts of Grand Duke Francesco and Ferdinand. In the spandrels of the arches there are eight glazed blue terracotta roundels (Puttini), added by Andrea della Robbia around 1487, showing babies wrapped in swaddling bands, reflect the building’s function as an orphanage. Above each semicircular arch is a tabernacle window (a rectangular window with a triangular pediment on the top), underlined by a string-course and with sloped roof sloping roof with projecting eaves. p.s. The highlighting of the building design by using a gray stone (pietra serena) on a white surface became a typical feature of Florentine architecture. Also novel was the proportional logic. The heights of the columns, for example, were not arbitrary. If a horizontal line is drawn along the tops of the columns, a square is created out of the height of the column and the distance from one column to the next, making each bay a cube. This desire for regularity and geometric order was to become an important element in Renaissance architecture. Also half the height of the column is the height of the entablature, which is appropriate for a clear minded society. Brunelleschi’s round arch gave rise to the Classical style widely copied by Renaissance architects and was the first classical loggia in the city. At the left hand end of the portico (behind the grated window—the window was covered by a grate large enough only for the newborn babies to passed through and placed here since 1660) is the ruota dei proi (foundling wheel), rotating stone cylinder on which mothers could laid their unwanted children anonymously and ring the orphanage bell. After they rang a bell, the stone was rotated 180 degrees, taking the baby inside the orphanage. This system was in operation until the hospital’s closure in 1875. On the portico above the window is a bust of Cosimo I de’Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1519–1574). The fresco above the window depicts two cherubs holding a scroll with this Latin inscription from Psalm 26: “Pater et mater reliquerunt nos, Dominus autem assumpsit” (Our fathers and mothers have abandoned us, but the Lord has taken us). Palazzo delle Due Fontane It is a neomanierista building with a facade relatively recent, which repeats, while simplifying them, shapes and color of the nearby Palazzo Grifoni. You should treat actually a building of ancient building, reconfigured in the late 19th and early 20th century to be an appropriate backdrop to the square. The ground floor, in particular, presents a rusticated stone. It is currently occupied by Hotel Due. The Statues At the center stands the equestrian monument to Grand Duke Ferdinando I de’Medici (on the horse riding towards the Duomo). It was the last work of Giambologna completed by his pupil Pietro Tacca in 1608 after his death. It was the culmination of the dream of the Grand Duke of being remembered for his exploits like the father Cosimo I , who had to take a few decades before a ‘ similar statue , always Giambologna in Piazza della Signoria . The monument was cast with the bronze coming from the cannons of the Turkish galleys, won by the Knights of the Military Order of St. Stephen in 1607, built to fight the pirates who infested the Mediterranean at the initiative of the house Doctors . In 1640 the rear side of the pedestal was decorated with a bronze relief showing 60 bees swarming around their queen: it was meant to symbolize Ferdinand’s motto Maiestate Tantum (Great Majesty), but maybe the idea came from the bees of Pope Urban VIII, who was the ruling pope at that time. An Italian piazza is not complete without a fountain; maybe this was the rationale behind the decision of Grand Duke Ferdinand II to place in Piazza SS. Annunziata two amazing fountains by Pietro Tacca (1629, with the collaboration of students Bernardino Radi and Francesco Maria Bandini) which had been designed to embellish Leghorn, the port of the Grand Duchy. This explains why, although being impressive for their craftsmanship, the two fountains do not entirely fit into the harmonic Renaissance design of the piazza. Pietro Tacca’s stylized Mannerist bronze fountains on the square decorated with figures of grotesque mythical creatures. The Galleria dell’Accademia is one of the most popular museums in Florence, mostly thanks to Michelangelo’s David statue. The museum also houses other artwork, including statues, religious paintings and musical instruments. History of the Academy Cosimo I de’ Medici, grand duke of Tuscany, founded Europe’s first art academy which set up to teach the techniques of drawing, painting and sculpture in 1563. Michelangelo Buonarroti was one of the first teachers in the academy, which was called Accademia delle Arti del Disegno. In 1784, the Grand Duke Pietro Leopoldo of Lorraine united all the Florentine drawing schools into one “Academy", the Accademia delle Arti del Disegno then became part of a new institution, the Accademia di Belle Arti (Academy of Fine Arts). The Galleria dell’Accademia was established in the 18th century (housed in the antic spaces of the Hospital of Saint Matthew and the Convent of Saint Niccolo’ of Cafaggio) as a teaching facility for students of the adjacent Academy of Fine Arts. The Galleria dell’Accademia was progressively enriched by paintings gathered from convents or monasteries which were suppressed by Grand Duke Pietro Leopoldo of Lorraine at the end of the 18th century and later on also by Napoleon in 1810. The original statue of Michelangelo’d David was transferred from Piazza della Signoria into the Galleria in 1873. The architect Emilio de Fabris projected a special tribune with a large skylight to shelter David, eventually completed in 1882. Ten years after the Galleria dell’Accademia was opened to the public, the museum changed various arrangements to showcase tapestries, paintings and sculptures, mainly when Michelangelo’s Prisoners were moved into the Galleria dell’Accademia in 1909. Around the 1950s the Hall of the Colossus was opened together with the so-called Bizantine style Rooms featuring 1300 panel paintings. In the 1980s the collection of plaster casts models by Lorenzo Bartolini was added to the Museum, housed inside the 19th Century Room originally used as the women’s ward in the ancient Hospital of Saint Matthew, patron of the bankers. An interesting wing of the Museum houses an outstanding collection of antic musical instruments, from the Cherubini Conservatory, witnessing the true passion of the Medici family for theater, ballet and music entertainment. The last nucleus of artworks features religious panel paintings by major artists active in or around Florence between the mid-13th and the late 16th centuries. The collection is exposed alongside the first floor and gathers restored colorful gold-backed altarpieces and splendid late-Gothic polyptychs. The latest setting of the museum involved the Hall of the Colossus in December 2013 to allow a larger and more enjoyable number of artworks from the 15th and early 16th century. Hall of the Colossus The Galleria dell’Accademia welcomes the visitor in the Hall of the Colossus. The room acquired its name during the 19th century when it housed the plaster cast model of an ancient statue, one of the Dioscuri of Montecavallo (Castor and Pollux), no longer displayed in the Galleria dell’Accademia. It now hosts in the center the plaster model for the stunning marble sculpture of Giambologna’s “Rape of the Sabines” (from around 1580). As one enters the Galleria dell’Accademia, one will find the plaster cast model by Flemish sculptor Giambologna (as Jean de Boulogne, 1529-1608, is known in Italy) displayed central-stage in the Hall of the Colossus. From this model, Giambologna created the marble sculpture, completed in 1582 (410cm), you can admire in Piazza della Signoria under the Loggia dei Lanzi. The cast depicts three figures connected by a serpentine-shaped movement, with one man lifting a woman into the air while a second man crouches. The name of “The Rape of the Sabines” was suggested by his contemporary Vincenzo Borghini. What impacts the observer the most is the fact that the whole group was carved from a single block of marble, and is acknowledged as Giambologna’s masterpiece. The three figures are constructed on a vortex that invites the observer to move around the statue and offers infinite view points. Inspired by Michelangelo and by mannerist ideals, Giambologna became famous for the search of intertwined figural compositions and over ambitious inclusive efforts. His ability to sculpt bodies in the old classical style and splendid figures of naked women in seductive poses increased his fame at the end of the 16th century. Hall of the Prisoners Used in the 19th century to display ancient paintings from the various collections, the Galleria dell’Accademia was later altered to house the unfinished statues by Michelangelo, thus creating a specific, unified itinerary that culminates in the center of the Tribune where Michelangelo’s David stands under a halo-like dome. The Hall takes its name from the four large sculptures showing male nudes known as the Slaves or Prisoners or Captives. They were begun by Michelangelo for a grandiose project for the tomb of Pope Julius II della Rovere. The first commission dates back to 1505, before the assignment of the Sistine Chapel (1508), and it was meant to be the most magnificent tomb of Christian times, composed by more than 40 figures. The four Prisoners were carved for the pillars on the lower level of the tomb, intended for the grand Basilica of St. Peter’s in Rome. Michelangelo spent months in the Carrara quarries to personally select the brightest marble he likes necessary, marking each selected block with three circles. Due to a mounting shortage of money, the pope ordered him to put aside the tomb project in 1506. The original design was later scaled down to less grandiose proportions after the pope’s death in 1513, then in 1521 and eventually again in 1534, when the Prisoners were no longer part of the project and thus remained in Florence. After the artist’s death, four of the Prisoners were found in his studio and his nephew Leonardo Buonarroti donated them to Duke Cosimo I Medici, together with the Victory housed in Palazzo Vecchio today. In 1586, Bernardo Buontalenti placed the Slaves at the corners of the large Grotto in the Boboli Gardens of Palazzo Pitti. The walls of this ambiance are decorated with fake stalactites and stalagmites, carved sponges, stones and shells that are laid out to resemble anthropomorphic figures. These elements were meant to resemble a natural grotto, perfectly suitable for Michelangelo’s unfinished sculptures. The Prisoners remained in the Grotto until 1908 and transferred into the Galleria dell’Accademia in 1909. (http://www.accademia.org/explore-museum/halls/hall-prisoners/) Michelangelo’s Prisoners or Slaves: The fame of these four powerful statues—named by scholars as “The Awakening Slave”,“The Young Slave”,“The Bearded Slave” and “The Atlas (or Bound)”— is due above all to their unfinished state. They are some of the finest examples of Michelangelo’s habitual working practice, referred to as “non-finito” (or incomplete), magnificent illustrations of the difficulty of the artist in carving out the figure from the block of marble and emblematic of the struggle of man to free the spirit from matter. These sculptures have been interpreted in many ways. As we see them, in various stages of completion, they evoke the enormous strength of the creative concept as they try to free themselves from the bonds and physical weight of the marble. It is now claimed that the artist deliberately left them incomplete to represent this eternal struggle of human beings to free themselves from their material trappings. As you admire the Prisoners from different angles, one can notice Michelangelo’s love and understanding of the human anatomy. The Prisoners’ heads and faces are the least-developed parts, but they are to communicate with their poses, known as the classic “contrapposto” (counter pose). The Slaves are standing with most of their weight on one foot so that their shoulders and arms twist off-axis from the hips and legs. This precise pose gives the Prisoners a more dynamic and powerful appearance, transmitting motion and emotion. The Awakening Slave (marble, height 267 cm, 1520-23)—This piece is one of the most powerful and expressive works among the Slaves. It is the first statue one finds on the left along the corridor, the least outlined of the four Prisoners. The figure feels like it is writhing and straining, trying to imminently explode out of the marble block that holds it. The latent power one feels is extraordinary. Michelangelo is famous for saying that he worked to liberate the forms imprisoned in the marble. He saw his job as simply removing what was extraneous. This endless struggle of man to free himself from his physical constraints is a metaphor of the flesh burdening the soul. It is interesting to note the various marks left alongside the block of marble, above all at the back of the unfinished sculpture. The Young Slave (marble, height 256 cm, 1530-34)—Across from the Awakening Slave is the so called, “Young Slave.” The figure is more clearly defined, but seems almost bound within himself, burying his face in his left arm and hiding the right one around the hips. The contrapposto pose is quite exaggerated by the narrowness of the block of stone and by the slightly bent knees. The profound study of human anatomy is highlighted in the left elbow and the careful lines of the bent biceps and triceps. His face, which is just beginning to emerge, seems so youthful by comparison with his musculature. Michelangelo always chiseled out the image front to back: it clearly shows within the Young Slave, which appears to be emerging from the rock that shows the rough tracks of the large tooth chisels. The Bearded Slave (marble, height 263 cm, 1530-34)—The third statue on the right of the corridor is the “Bearded Slave” the most finished of the four Slaves. The figure is almost free, only his hands and part of his arm, probably planned to hold a cloth, are unfinished. The face is covered by a thick, curly beard and the thighs are bound by straps of cloth. The torso is finely modeled, revealing Michelangelo’s deep knowledge of anatomy. The Atlas (marble, height 277 cm, 1530-34)—Down the corridor on the left is the “Atlas.” The male nude seems to be carrying a huge weight on his head. Hence he is named after Atlas, the primordial Titan who held up the entire world on his shoulders. His head has not emerged from the stone, leading the slave to support and push such a heavy weight, which threatens to compress him. The force of weight pushing down, and that pushing back up, create a vigorous tension. There is no feeling of equilibrium here, only an eternal battle of forces threatening to explode in both directions. This pressure generates a power which perhaps more than the other Slaves expresses the energy of the figure struggling to emerge from marble. p.s. Other statues that were also made for the tomb but never used are the two superb Slaves, the Rebellious Slave and the Dying Slave (both 1510-13), in the Louvre Museum, Paris, and the figure of Victory in the Palazzo Vecchio in Florence. Also displayed here is the statue of St. Matthew. The sculpture was commissioned to Michelangelo in 1503 as the first of a series of twelve Apostles that were to have decorated the Tribune of the Cathedral of Florence; the project was never carried out and the sculpture lay abandoned until 1906 purchased by the Galleria dell’Accademia. The statue’s taut and swollen neck muscles and the arm straining forcefully towards the rear as if to check the forward movement of the figure’s bent leg are immediately evident in the stature and express the contrast between matter and idea, between finite and infinite in Michelangelo and the incarnation of the interior torment that envelops the human soul. The Michelangelo collection is completed by the Pietà da Palestrina (251.5cm), purchase by the Galleria dell’Accademia in 1939, originating from the chapel of Palazzo Barberini in Palestrina, close to Rome. It was carved from an ancient block of marble previously part of an unknown structure. The group is not mentioned by any documentary sources; it moreover is sculpted in a static and frontal position with a disproportionate handling of the limbs of the figures (note the obvious disparity between the short, thin legs of Christ and his powerful chest): all of these elements have recently induced scholars to refute a direct attribution to the Master and assign the work to an artist active in Michelangelo’s circle. The Tribune: Michelangelo’s David At the Galleria dell’Accademia there’s only one star and that’s David. A special annex to the Galleria dell’Accademia was built just for this sculpture and the hall leading up to the statue and the lighting on the David add tremendously to the experience of ‘seeing David’. During the 1850s, there was an intense debate about the conservation of Michelangelo’s magnificent David (which had been standing outdoors in Piazza della Signoria since 1504). The architect Emilio de Fabris was entrusted to project a square Tribune within the Galleria dell’Accademia at the end of the so-called “Gallery of ancient paintings”, corresponding to today’s Hall of the Prisoners. The David should have been placed in the center of the Tribune under a bright skylight, a halo-like dome. p.s. In August 1873, the David, transported within a wooden frame, was removed from Piazza della Signoria and moved toward the Galleria dell’Accademia on rails especially built for the move. But it wasn’t moved into the Galleria dell’Accademia—since the Tribune wasn’t complete! Documents from the archive narrate that the statue then remained inside the wooden cart just outside, until 1882 when the Tribune was completed and opened to the public. At first, the side wings of the Tribune were used to exhibit copies of Michelangelo’s works and, later on, tapestries. Today, we can admire David ideally framed by artworks by 16th century artists including Bronzino, Cecchino Salviati and Allori along these two wings of the Tribune. The choice of these artists is to emphasize their relationship with Michelangelo’s life, works and the cultural influence his works had on their own. Michelangelo’s David—“Nor has there ever been seen a pose so fluent, or a gracefulness equal to this, or feet, or hands and head so well related to each other with quality, skill and design". With these words Giorgio Vasari attempts to define the reasons behind the marvel that the vision of David provokes in the observer. “When all was finished, it cannot be denied that this work has carried off the palm from all other statues, modern or ancient, Greek or Latin; no other artwork is equal to it in any respect, with such just proportion, beauty and excellence did Michelagnolo finish it”. He continues by stating that the statue so far surpasses both in beauty and technique ancient and modern statuary that one needn’t bother seeing other works in sculpture. This astonishing Renaissance sculpture was created between 1501 and 1504. It is a 516 cm/ 17 ft/ 6 tons marble statue depicting the Biblical hero David, represented as a standing male nude. Originally commissioned by the Opera del Duomo for the Cathedral of Florence, Michelangelo was asked by the consuls of the Vestry Board to complete an unfinished project begun in 1464 by Agostino di Duccio and later carried on by Antonio Rossellino in 1475. Both sculptors had in the end rejected an enormous block of marble due to the presence of too many “taroli”, or imperfections, which may have threatened the stability of such a huge statue. This block of marble of exceptional dimensions remained therefore neglected for 25 years, lying within the courtyard of the Opera del Duomo (Vestry Board). Michelangelo was only 26 years old in 1501, but he was already the most famous and best paid artist in his days. After more than two years of tough work, Michelangelo decided to present his “Giant” to the members of the Vestry Board and to Pier Soderini, the then gonfaloniere of the Republic. In January 1504, his 17 foot tall David was unveiled only to them: they all agreed that it was far too perfect to be placed up high in the Cathedral, thus it was decided to discuss another location in town. The city council convened a committee of about thirty members, including artists like Leonardo da Vinci, Sandro Botticelli and Giuliano da Sangallo, to decide on an appropriate site for David. During the long debate, nine different locations for the statue were discussed, and eventually the statue was placed in the political heart of Florence, in Piazza della Signoria. On 24 June 1504 (the holiday celebrating the patron saint of Florence, St. John the Baptist), Michelangelo’s outdoor workshop was opened to the public. It took four days and forty men to move the statue the half mile from Michelangelo’s workshop behind Santa Maria del Fiore Cathedral to the Piazza della Signoria. Michelangelo then kept on working on the finer finishing. That summer, the sling and tree-stump support were gilded, and the figure was given a gilded victory-garland. Unfortunately, all gilded surfaces have been lost due to the long period of exposure to weathering agents. Traditionally, David had been portrayed after his victory, triumphant over the slain Goliath. Florentine artists like Verrocchio, Ghiberti and Donatello all depicted their own version of David standing over Goliath’s severed head. Michelangelo instead, for the first time ever, chooses to depict David before the battle. David is tense: Michelangelo catches him at the apex of his concentration. He stands relaxed, but alert, resting on a classical pose known as contrapposto. The figure stands with one leg holding its full weight and the other leg forward, causing the figure’s hips and shoulders to rest at opposing angles, giving a slight s-curve to the entire torso. The slingshot he carries over his shoulder is almost invisible, emphasizing that David’s victory was one of cleverness, not sheer force. He transmits exceptional self-confidence and concentration, both values of the “thinking man”, considered perfection during the Renaissance. Nowadays, visitors can admire the David under a skylight which was designed just for him in the 19th century by Emilio de Fabris. From a close distance, one can perceive Micheangelo’s passion for the human anatomy and his deep knowledge of the male body. Note the watchful eyes with carved eye bulks, pulsing veins on the back of the hands, engorged with tension. Admire the curve of the taut torso, the flexing of the thigh muscles in the right leg. The proportions of some details are atypical of Michelangelo’s work. The figure has an unusually large head and imposing right hand. These enlargements may be due to the fact that the statue was originally intended to be placed on the cathedral roof line, so important parts of the sculpture had to be necessarily accentuated in order to be visible from below. Another interpretation about these larger details leads scholars to think that Michelangelo intentionally over-proportioned the head to underline the concentration and the right hand to symbolize the pondered action. Once again, Giorgio Vasari was able to synthesize the absolute perfection of this Renaissance masterpiece which still attracts, and does not disappoint, millions of visitors every year at the Galleria dell’Accademia in Florence. 觀看「大衛」是一場很難描繪的場景，明明在人聲雜沓的空間裡，我卻聽不見任何的話語；耳中只有縈迴不斷的旋律，簇擁著我一圈圈的漫步在「大衛」身旁；可卻不能與其對望，because—I got mist in my eyes! Gipsoteca Bartolini, a 19th Century Hall In 1784, the Grand Duke of Tuscany, Pietro Leopoldo, converted the friary hospital of San Matthew into a gallery so that students in the adjoining Accademia delle Belle Arti could study the greatest works of the past. Therefore, in the “Gipsoteca Bartolini” visitors will find a selection of the finest 19th century plaster casts by Lorenzo Bartolini, one of the great sculptors and brilliant professors of the Academy. The artworks exhibited alongside the Gipsoteca (which mean the hall of models) ideally reproduce Bartolini’s art studio, showcasing various typologies of celebratory, private or monumental plaster cast models often intended for sepulchers. Currently, the Hall exhibits two typologies of 19th century works. The collection of plaster models by Bartolini and Pampaloni, and the collection of paintings and sculptures which were awarded by the Academy of Fine Arts of Florence. Overall, the works in this room witness the evolution of Florentine artistic culture between Neoclassicism and Romanticism. Among the most famous works, grand models celebrate great artists of the past such as Machiavelli (by Lorenzo Bartolini), Arnolfo di Cambio and Brunelleschi (by Pampaloni) or wealthy foreign aristocrats settled in Florence during the 19th century. Note: Michelangelo’s sculpture is world famous, yet there’s more than one David in Florence… The First David by Donatello Donatello was the first Renaissance sculptor commissioned to make a statue of David in 1408. The original idea was to have statues of biblical figures placed on the ledges around the terrace of the Duomo. This David was sculpted in marble and is quite traditional—Although the positioning of the legs hints at a classical contrapposto (relaxed stance, shifted weight), the figure stands in an elegant Gothic way that surely derives from Lorenzo Ghiberti. The face is curiously blank (curiously, that is, if one expects naturalism, but very typical of the Gothic style), and David seems almost unaware of the head of his vanquished foe that rests between his feet. The statue is more-or-less life sized at just over 6 feet (191cm). Once the statues were placed on the buttresses though, they turned out to be too small to be seen from the ground and were removed. In 1416 the government of Florence (the Signoria) requested that the David, which had not found a ‘home’ yet, be displayed in Palazzo Vecchio, the town hall; evidently the young David was seen as an effective political symbol, as well as a religious hero. Donatello’s Second Statue of David This piece was commissioned by Cosimo the Elder around 1440 and from 1457 it stood in the courtyard of the Palazzo Medici Riccardi. After Medici were banished in 1494, the statue was requisitioned by the Signoria and placed in the courtyard of the Palazzo Vecchio (the marble David was already in the palazzo), as a civic hero symbol of the Florentine Republic. It was moved to the Palazzo Pitti in the 17th century, to the Uffizi in 1777, and then finally, in 1865, to the Museo Nazionale del Bargello, where it remains today. Donatello’s bronze statue of David (158 cm) is famous as the first unsupported standing work of bronze cast during the Renaissance, and the first freestanding nude male sculpture made since antiquity. Donatello created a totally unusual image of the young Biblical shepherd whose nudity alludes to the humility and courage which defeat arrogance and brute force. It depicts David with an enigmatic smile, posed with his foot on Goliath’s severed head just after defeating the giant. His hand is on his hip which is pushed out to the right in an almost flirty pose. His lack of muscles and visible power doesn’t seem fitting for the occasion. This is also the only statue of David that depicts the hero with long hair hanging way down his back in ringlets. The contamination between the Biblical-civic theme and ancient mythology is also expressed by the extraordinary hat trimmed with ribbons and crowned with laurel that recalls Mercury’s winged hat. The Statue of David by Verrocchio Verrocchio was a Renaissance artist who, for most of his life, worked for the Medici. He had an even more famous Renaissance artist as a pupil in his Florence workshop, namely Leonardo Da Vinci. It has been said, in fact, that it was the young and handsome Leonardo who was the model for Verrocchio’s David. (via Wikipedia) Verrocchio’s David (1473-1475) is a delicate bronze statue that is just over 4 feet (120cm) tall. This statue was also commissioned by the Medici and initially installed in Palazzo Vecchio in 1476. Verrocchio’s David is clothed in a sort of tunic. The head of Goliath is not a part of the whole statue, but was cast on its own and is a separate piece placed at the feet of the boy. Donatello’s David clearly inspired Verrocchio’s, although not in anti-conventionality. They’re both in bronze, both Davids have their left arm bent and leaning on their hip, and both have the head of Goliath at their feet. Both boys are holding Goliath’s sword in their right hand. They differ in that Verrocchio’s statue of David is modestly dressed whereas Donatello’s is bold and brash in his nudity. They both have a slight smirk, typical of adolescent swaggering. Where Donatello’s depiction is cheekily unique in its beauty, Verrocchio’s is traditionally and poetically striking. p.s. All of these three Davids are on display at the Bargello Museum now. Piazza di San Marco The church of San Marco and the museum lie on the north side of the piazza. In the center of the square is a statue of General Manfredo Fanti (by Pio Fedi in 1873). Cafés and other places to eat are mainly along the southern side of the piazza. p.s. Piazza di San Marco is currently the headquarter of the University of Florence, in the heart of the historical center (explaining the students’ protesting start here today). San Marco San Marco is the name of a religious complex. It comprises a church and a convent. The convent, which is now a museum, has three claims to fame. During the 15th century it was home to two famous Dominicans, the painter Fra Angelico (1395-1455) and the preacher Girolamo Savonarola (1452-1498). Also housed at the convent is a famous collection of manuscripts in a library built by Michelozzo. Church The church, rebuilt by Michelozzo di Bartolomeo, was consecrated in 1443, in the presence of Pope Eugene IV. It was composed of a single, wide aisle, a short transept and a square-shaped sanctuary. From 1579, the church and convent underwent further extensions and alterations by Giambologna. A further renovation was carried on in 1678 by Pier Francesco Silvani. Church’s façade, in Neo-Classical style, was built in 1777-1778 by Giovanni Battista Paladini. Divided on three orders is punctuated by pilasters into three horizontal bands with a single portal surmounted by a window. In the side bands is decorated by two niches with statues (below) and ribbons and garlands (top); the upper register has a bas-relief decoration and a gable topped by iron cross. p.s. The casings of the Gothic windows existing prior to the 15th century rebuilding can still be seen on the side of the church, from the cloister of St. Antonino. Convent The present convent occupies the site where a Vallombrosan monastery existed in the 12th century, which later passed to Benedictine monks of the Silvestrine line. In 1435 the Benedictines were replaced by Dominicans from the Convent of San Domenico in Fiesole. Two years later, they appealed to Cosimo de’ Medici the Elder, who lived nearby in the family palace, now known as the Palazzo Medici Riccardi, to fund the renovation of the entire complex. The works were entrusted to Michelozzo from 1437 to 1452. Each cell of the monks cloister and many other walls were decorated by Fra Angelico between 1439 and 1444 in collaboration with others, including Benozzo Gozzoli. The convent was stripped from the Dominicans in 1808, during the Napoleonic Wars, and again in 1866, when it became a possession of the state. The convent is now home to the Museo Nazionale di San Marco (opened to the public in 1869). The entrance to the museum is from the Michelozzo’s St. Antonino Cloister (1440, named after the first Prior of San Marco Antonino Pierozzi), frescoed “Scenes from the Life of Saint Antoninus" by Fra Angelico and other Florentine artists. p.s. The museum was damaged during the weather events of September 19th 2014. The cedar was cut and works in the garden are still in progress. (http://www.museumsinflorence.com/musei/museum_of_san_marco.html#) The convent, which has been preserved practically intact, is organized around the two square cloisters edged with porticoes: that of St. Antonino, now comprised within the Museum, and that of St. Dominic which is still occupied by the Dominican friars. The St. Antonino Cloister is bordered by a portico with columns featuring a circular shaft and Ionic capitals, supporting segmental arches without framing around the aperture. In the upper register the Medici coat of arms appears on the outer walls and in the keystones of the portico. Overlooking this cloister are the Hospice (where the panel paintings by Angelico are displayed), the Lavatorium and the Large Refectory, the Chapter House and the Sacristy giving access to the church. Chapter House: Crucifixion with Saints by Beato Angelico (1441-1442) The fresco occupies the entire wall opposite to the entrance of the Chapter House showing the Crucifixion and saints. This is indeed the grandest fresco, both in terms of size and concept, which Fra Angelico painted in San Marco. The large fresco is in the form of a lunette, with life-size figures. The original blue of the background has gone and the red which remains accentuates the solitary figures which stand out dramatically. Around the fresco, on the border, are the busts of the Prophets and Sibyls in ten hexagons; in the centre, above the Crucifixion the pelikan, symbol of the redemption. Below, in the lower frieze there are 17 medallions with portraits of the most illustrious members of the Dominican Order. In this masterly work Fra Angelico pours out with full hands the most vivid and intense feelings of his soul, and if he does not attain to grand dramatic power, he at least succeeds in depicting with rare ingenuity the varied expressions of sorrow, despair, hope and faith which animate each person, and in giving natural and life-like character and attitude to the various heads. Saint Peter Martyr Enjoins Silence by Beato Angelico (1441-1443) In 1954, Leonetto Tintori used the strappo technique to detach the frescoed lunette in the St. Antonino Cloister for conservation reasons. (This fresco is from one of the five lunettes Beato Angelico painted in the cloister above the doors leading to the various rooms.) This highly expressive and realistic figure of Saint Peter Martyr is the most intense and best conserved of all the Dominican saints depicted in the lunettes. He stands out powerfully against the background that has lost nearly all of the original azurite pigment. Indeed, only the dark red preparatory layer is visible and it considerably alters the overall effect. p.s. The fresco was brought indoors after the restoration and a photographic reproduction put in its place where only the original decorations on the inside of the arch remain. In this lunette, the image of Saint Peter Martyr Enjoins Silence above the door between the cloister and the church of San Marco, was a “notice” to all those going through the door into the church that silence was required. Bell called The Piagnona by Donatello and Michelozzo (1436-1443) This famous bell, exhibited here since 1998, after the restoration by Opificio delle Pietre Dure, was originally housed in the bell tower of the church of San Marco. It is likely that the bell is the result of the collaboration between Donatello and Michelozzo. The bell’s history, which is just as significant as its artistic merits, is closely linked to the dramatic events in the life of Fra’Girolamo Savonarola. Its chimes resounded along with the crying of the worshipers, who were moved by the friar’s sermon. For this reason, the bell was called the Piagnona, after the nickname given to the friar’s followers; call Piagnoni (those who cry). There is a Latin inscription in relief starting at the top. Under the inscription is a bas-relief frieze of dacing putti, classical vases and Medici coats of arms. Underneath is a band of small arches alternating with inverted lilies. Bellow this section are two medallions on opposite sides of the bell. Pilgrims’ Hospice Room: In 1918-1921, various paintings from the repositories of the Florentine galleries, dating to between the 14th and the 17th centuries (including many works by Angelico) and largely originating from suppressed convents and churches in Florence and the surrounding provincial area, were gathered in the Pilgrims’ Hospice Room. Deposition from the Cross 卸下聖體 by Fra Angelico (1437-1440) This work was originally commissioned by Palla Strozzi from Lorenzo Monaco, for the sacristy of the church of Santa Trinità in Florence, but by the time of Monaco’s death only the pinnacles of this work had been painted. When Angelico took over the commission he found himself cribbed and confined by Monaco’s ready-made triple-arched Gothic frame. He ignored these constraints, however, making skillful use of the three arches in his composition to provide a scene of stunning beauty and subdued yet poignant emotion, set in an expansive Tuscan landscape. Although the work is painted on one panel, the three arches of the frame find an echo in the placing of the figures in three groups. The central arch is largely blocked off by the wooden framework of the cross and two ladders. The cross bar of the former appears to run behind the picture frame hinting at further, obscured space. With no scene behind but the sky and the lattice work of timber, the eye is drawn to the body of Christ which is at the very centre of the picture. Angelico challenges the tendency of the other two arches to define the shape and space of the work by placing a strong vertical, in the form of a tower or a tree, in the corners of each. (In the gables above the three arches Lorenzo Monaco has represented the “Noli me tangere," the “Resurrection," and the “Maries at the Sepulchre.") The altarpiece depicts, at the center, Joseph of Arimathaea, Nicodemus, and the young Saint John the Evangelist, all haloes, lower the lifeless body of Christ. On the left stands a group of women; St. Mary Magdalene kisses the feet of Christ; the Virgin contemplates Him in a trance of sadness; on the right the disciples discuss the melancholy drama among themselves, while below, a kneeling saint holds his right hand to his breast and extends the left in a sorrowful wonder. p.s. The young man kneeling in the foreground is believed to represent the Blessed Alessio degli Strozzi, a holy ancestor of Palla Strozzi, the humanist who commissioned this altarpiece for the sacristy of Santa Trinita. The gentleman in blue garment and black lid under the arm of Christ thought to be a self-portrait of the painter. Paintings for the Armadio degli Argenti “Scenes from the Life of Christ" by Fra Angelico (1451-1452)—Fra Angelico was commissioned for a massive painted cabinet to protect the precious silver votive offerings at Santissima Annunziata, among the most venerable churches in Florence. p.s. In 1450, on the eve of the invention of movable type, relatively few people possessed their own bibles. The purpose of this superabundance of literary citations is clearly didactic: the Silver Treasury panels were destined to serve a large public as a kind of illustrated Bible, complete with all relevant texts. The scenes on this panel are Mystic Wheel, Annunciation, Nativity, Circumcision, Adoration of the Magi, Presentation at the Temple, Flight into Egypt, Massacre of the Innocents and Christ among the Doctors. The scenes on this panel are Carrying the Cross, Derobing of Christ, Crucifixion, Deposition, Descent into Limbo, Pious Women at the Tomb, Ascension, Pentecost, Last Judgment, Coronation of the Virgin and ‘Lex Amoris’. The scenes on this panel are Raising of Lazarus, Entry into Jerusalem, Last Supper, Payment of Judas, Washing of the Feet, Institution of the Eucharist, Prayer in the Garden, Judas’s Betrayal, Capture of Christ, Christ before Caiafas, Mocking of Christ and Christ at the Column. p.s. The Armadio degli Argenti (Silver Chest) may have been the most visible of the friar’s work by virtue of the site for which it was made. Santissima Annunziata was the motherhouse of the Servites, founded by St Filippo Benizzi (1233-1285), the only religious order that originated in Florence. The scarcity of the church was augmented further when, as legend recounted, an angel completed the fresco of the Annunciation in 1252. By the early 15th century, the Annunciation had become the centre of a major cult, receiving donations of precious silver. In the late 1440s, Michelozzo renovated Santissima Annunziata at the behest of Piero de’ Medici to accommodate the throngs of worshipers who flocked to behold the sacred image. To safeguard the silver offerings to the Annunciation, Piero commissioned a wooden cabinet, the movable shutters of which Fra Angelico painted. Angelico’s series depicting scenes from the life of Christ consisted of 40 paintings of equal size (38,5 x 37 cm) and one additional double-sized painting. From the 41 paintings 6 were lost during the centuries. From the 35 paintings conserved in the Museo di San Marco 3 can be attributed to Alessio Baldovinetti, all the others are the work of Fra Angelico. The Tabernacle of the Linaioli is a marble aedicule designed by Lorenzo Ghiberti, with paintings by Fra Angelico (1432-1435) The tabernacle was commissioned for the exterior of the seat of the Linaioli (the guild of line workers in Florence), in the former Old Market, in the October 1432. The marble parts were executed by Simone di Nanni da Fiesole, under design by Lorenzo Ghiberti. The contract for the internal paintings was signed by Angelico on 2 July 1433, for a total of 190 golden florins. It has been speculated that the marble frame was sized according to a pre-existing painting, which was later replaced by Fra Angelico’s, or that the size was inspired by that of the statues in Orsanmichele niches. The tabernacle is composed of a rectangular marble frame, with a triangular top with a sculpted almond depicting the “Blessing Christ and Cherubims". In the center, within an arched opening, is Fra Angelico’s panel of the Maestà with twelve musician angels. Behind two draperies (perhaps a hint to the guild’s textile activities) is a ceiling painted in blue with stars and the Holy Spirit dove, which is similar to Masolino’s Annunciation in Washington, DC. At the front are two shutter panels with further paintings of saints. These are, internally, St. John the Baptist (left) and St. John the Evangelist (right); and externally St. Mark the Evangelist (left) and St. Peter (right). The panels are completed by a predella, placed below, with three scenes of St. Peter Dictating the Gospel to St. Mark, Adoration of the Magi and Martyrdom of St. Mark. The figure of Mark is recurrent due to his status as the patron of the corporation which commissioned the work. This tabernacle had been moved to the Palazzo della Borsa as early as 1777, together with other works commissioned by the city’s guilds. In that year it was transferred to the Uffizi, whence it was transferred to the current location in 1924. The tabernacle was restored in 2010. Saint Dominic Adoring the Crucifixion by Fra Angelico (1441-1442)—The fresco is situated in the Northern corridor, to left of the staircase accessing the upper floor. The fresco is enclosed in a later frame. The figures are about half life size, the design similar to that which we have already seen in the cloister, but showing less ability. Nor are these the only Crucifixions which our artist painted. He has reproduced the subject in several cells, always varying either the attitude of the Saviour, or the persons who adore Him, but the serene attitude of the Son of God is unalterable. Without exaggerated contractions or violent action He remains fixed on the cross, His head bowed in mute contemplation of the figures below Him. These, on the contrary, are the prey of sorrow and despair; they cover their faces, or weep distractedly at His feet. From the Cloister of St. Antonino, a corridor on the north side gives access to a staircase leading to the upper dormitory and the rooms on the ground floor that made up the guest house, with the respective refectory. The Dormitorio: Upstairs in the dormitory is where San Marco really shines. There are a great number of small frescoes by Angelico and his assistants in the monastic cells and a number of larger frescoes including the Annunciation. The Annunciation by Fra Angelico (1438-1445)—Facing the entrance of the upper northern corridor of the cloister is the most famous work of art in the Museo San Marco: Fra Angelico’s Annunciation (聖告圖). Fra Angelico shows his mastery of perspective by placing Gabriel and the Virgin in an elaborate loggia, inspired by Michelozzo. Under the arches between the Corinthian columns are the slender figures of the Madonna and of the angel in devout converse, regulated with the rhythm of gentle curves; in the background, on the left, the celestial fields with Tuscan cypresses; Gabriel’s wings stretch out like a rainbow. However, the lighting of the scene is curiously illogical; the interior of the arcaded loggia is evenly illuminated, despite the fairly strong light coming from the left. The Medici chose the rising architect, Michelozzo di Bartolomeo to rebuild San Marco. The restoration proceeded with remarkable speed. The twenty cells of the east corridor of the dormitory were built between late 1437 and 1438, when renovation of the church was begun. Reconstruction continued sequentially, from the north corridor (left) for lay brothers and guests (1440-1441) to the south (right) for the novices (completed in 1442). Every one of the monks’ cells on the upper floor has its own fresco. A stroll around each of the cells reveals snippets of many more fine religious reliefs by the Tuscan-born friar, who decorated the cells between 1440 and 1441 with deeply devotional frescoes to guide the meditation of his fellow friars. Most were executed by Fra’ Angelico himself; others are by aides under his supervision, including Benozzo Gozzoli. Cells 12 to 14 were Savonarola’s plain rooms. Rising to the position of prior at the Dominican convent, it was from here that the fanatical monk railed against luxury, greed and corruption of the clergy. Kept as a kind of shrine to the turbulent priest, they house a portrait, a few personal items, the linen banner Savonarola carried in processions and a grand marble monument erected by admirers in 1873. Cell 14: Painting of Savonarola’s execution in the Piazza della Signoria, on 23 May 1498 by Francesco Rosselli p.s. From 1489, the Prior of the convent was Girolamo Savonarola, the inspiration and driving force behind the popular revolt of 1494, when the Medici were driven out of Florence and a Republican government with an extensive popular representation was set up in the city. In 1498, while in the convent of San Marco, Savonarola was captured by opponents within the government and was condemned to be burned at the stake in Piazza della Signoria. Cell 22 Cell 35: Communion of the Apostles by Beato Angelico Cells 38 and 39 were reserved for Cosimo il Vecchio when he retreated to the convent to find spiritual sustenance and peace. Cell 39: The Adoration of the Magi and the Dead Christ (Vir Dolorum) by Beato Angelico and Benozzo Gozzoli The Bibliotheca: On the upper floor, from the north corridor of the 15th century dormitories we enter the library constructed by Michelozzo on commission from Cosimo il Vecchio (1441). It is divided into three aisles, separated by columns with Ionic capitals and round arches; the central aisle has a barrel vault higher than the cross vaults of the side aisles. This was the first public library in Europe and contained many fine illuminated manuscripts donated by Cosimo himself. (http://www.museumsinflorence.com/musei/museum_of_san_marco.html) Small Refectory/ Bookshop: The Last Supper of San Marco by Domenico Ghirlandaio (1486), a reduced scale version of the Last Supper in the Church of Ognissanti The supper takes place at a large table with a bright tablecloth, embroidered at the edges. Nothing about it is casual; the crockery, the decanters, the knives, the bread and the cherries, are carefully arranged in front of every guest. With customary ease, Ghirlandaio fills the lunettes with
5438	dbpedia	3	23	https://www.academymuseum.org/en/programs/detail/once-upon-a-time-in-america-01890d66-e57b-3d58-6b0c-22c83b620623	en	Once upon a Time in America (C'era una volta in America)	https://images.ctfassets…g?fm=webp&w=2000	https://images.ctfassets…g?fm=webp&w=2000	[ "https://images.ctfassets.net/m3qyzuwrf176/24eQ18vkNgwwe0i7Nm0WhV/11e37854b225ad2d4a601d81d6fcc694/_Nov25_ONCE_UPON_A_TIME_IN_AMERICA_Ennio1banner.jpg?fm=webp&w=2000", "https://images.ctfassets.net/m3qyzuwrf176/6CtkCyvv7dq6p0jbuRdxEf/3ea73cd1b76bf79b13e67ad463f992ad/_Oct6_GOOD_BAD_UGLY_Ennio4banner.jpg?fm=webp&w=2000", "https://images.ctfassets.net/m3qyzuwrf176/3xZXILsSLhkyS3uIMnTWT8/4e000911681f24ed2253a21be458ec5e/_Oct21_ONCE_UPON_A_TIME_IN_THE_WEST_Ennio12banner.jpg?fm=webp&w=2000", "https://images.ctfassets.net/m3qyzuwrf176/4Y3P0ZHXSd0vV1NB5WngAj/34e33105e3e0944ae3c8ae14821db938/_Oct27_BATTLE_OF_ALGIERS_EnnioMHL1banner.jpg?fm=webp&w=2000", "https://images.ctfassets.net/m3qyzuwrf176/3y38wZYjyJAgyfoQEbMzQZ/9698602a43403d323dfbd2b17482ca6a/_Oct28_BASILISKS_Ennio1banner.jpg?fm=webp&w=2000", "https://images.ctfassets.net/m3qyzuwrf176/7v2amFSD1reW7sjPVBMV5V/aa611580fcda81fb2f75ec57c49f71fd/teoremea-fistinthepocket.jpg?fm=webp&w=2000", "https://images.ctfassets.net/m3qyzuwrf176/48xj32LgmEP88L6BLbqSmE/51bf5c02538e9643b6f5f1b163b470c4/_Nov4_THAT_SPLENDID_NOVEMBER_Ennio1banner.jpg?fm=webp&w=2000", "https://images.ctfassets.net/m3qyzuwrf176/19pJIw6I8CwnF2IytbLjx3/38c63f113f04d58b8e5ee151b5fa4365/Investigation-of-a-Citizen-above-Suspicion-with-quiet-place-in-the-country.jpg?fm=webp&w=2000", "https://images.ctfassets.net/m3qyzuwrf176/1HGf4HlYRXYugDhKRje1cb/04544aa43d1da0783e97962653764f3d/_Nov9_SACCO_AND_VANZETTI_Ennio1banner.jpg?fm=webp&w=2000", "https://images.ctfassets.net/m3qyzuwrf176/7tBAK8VhYyqRo36h7h0A5C/58054a2ab319971a813f6be56cb4224d/_Nov10_TWO_MULES_FOR_SISTER_SARA_Ennio1banner.jpg?fm=webp&w=2000", "https://images.ctfassets.net/m3qyzuwrf176/3CdoC6VvnzUSexsRx4G4KH/ac00a15c6d73bc983a8838ffa5b68b1b/_Nov11_NOVECENTO_Ennio3banner.jpg?fm=webp&w=2000", "https://images.ctfassets.net/m3qyzuwrf176/4I5axWEP9q4j94KxvvqIit/0584140d68ed8edf796a584586b5cabd/_Nov16_DESERT_OF_THE_TARTARS_Ennio1banner.jpg?fm=webp&w=2000", "https://images.ctfassets.net/m3qyzuwrf176/3XkDf1IpM6iG49EiVlxNFY/11aa4291310d9e08bdccd85a3ce0a348/_Nov18_ALLONSANFAN_Ennio1banner.jpg?fm=webp&w=2000", "https://images.ctfassets.net/m3qyzuwrf176/6Mvm5V9twAM5xNxQSLSQGP/a4c7e0d6a01603d84930452652afcdc9/_Nov18_Bird_With_crystalplumage07banner.jpg?fm=webp&w=2000" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	The final film from Sergio Leone is a gorgeously crafted epic about four boys raised in New York’s Jewish slums in the early part of the 20th century who grow up to be gangsters.	en	/favicon/favicon-32x32.png	Academy Museum of Motion Pictures - Timeline	null	The final film from Sergio Leone is a gorgeously crafted epic about four boys raised in New York’s Jewish slums in the early part of the 20th century who grow up to be gangsters. Robert De Niro and James Woods star as their adult incarnations, whose lives are marked by betrayal and unexpected twists of fate. Leone’s film was originally released in the US in a severely truncated form, but his expansive original vision has since been restored. Ennio Morricone’s achingly emotional score, a worthy final collaboration between the two filmmakers, features pan flute solos performed by Gheorghe Zamfir. DIRECTED BY: Sergio Leone. WRITTEN BY: Leonardo Benvenuti, Piero De Bernardi, Enrico Medioli, Franco Arcalli, Franco Ferrini, Sergio Leone. WITH: Robert De Niro, James Woods, Elizabeth McGovern, Treat Williams. 1984. 229 min. USA. Color. English. Rated R. DCP. Academy Museum film programming generously funded by the Richard Roth Foundation.
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a slice of panettone or…	it	https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/f21d2a0f0f7faa57f4bcf8f934b576c92ae6fb6cef4709958642f5c8cb5734fb?s=32		https://dantemanchester.org.uk/eventi/events-archive/	* 2023 Events Archive * SOCIAL DANTE FOR CHRISTMAS – BRINDISI DI NATALE SATURDAY 9 December 2023 – 4.15pm for 4.30pm start Venue: Cross Street Chapel, Cross Street, Manchester M2 1N Come along for a special gathering to exchange the Season’s greetings over a glass (or two) of prosecco and a slice of panettone or pandoro. ITALIAN SONGWRITERS – WHEN MUSIC MEETS POETRY Italy has a long history of creative singer-songwriters who have shaped the country’s music industry and continue to do so. Angelo Farnetano will give a short presentation in English on the (possible) connection between poem and song by listening to few of them. During the evening we will take the opportunity to introduce our Poetry Club / Club di Poesia which will start its meetings from January 2024. Don’t miss it! CANTAUTORI ITALIANI – LA MUSICA INCONTRA LA POESIA L’Italia ha una lunga storia di cantautori creativi che hanno influito sulla musica del nostro paese. Angelo Farnetano darà una breve presentazione in inglese sul (possibile) collegamento tra poesia e musica facendoci ascolare alcune canzoni. Durante la serata sfrutteremo l’occasione per introdurre il nostro Club di Poesia che inizierà a riunirsi da gennaio 2024. Non mancate! Admission: members and our students of Italian FREE / non-members £ 3.00 Advanced booking would be highly appreciated to enable us to prepare the room and get enough panettone and (above all) prosecco. RSVP by Thursday 7 December – please contact dante@newfuture.org to book The Bay of Naples – from Antiquity to the Digital World SATURDAY 18 November 2023 – 4.20pm for 4.30pm start Venue: Cross Street Chapel, Cross Street, Manchester M2 1N A look at the places of interest around the Bay of Naples with highlights of Pompeii and Herculaneum and some interesting recent research. Speaker: Audrey Sheen Venue: Cross Street Chapel – Cross Street, Manchester M2 1NL Admission: members and our students of Italian FREE / non-members £ 3.00 The talk (in English) will be followed by a social gathering with a glass of wine and nibbles. To better arrange seating and refreshments, it would be helpful if you could book in advance by emailing us at dante@newfuture.org Pia Pera’s poetics of the planetary garden – an example of sustainability SATURDAY 21 October 2023 – 4.20pm for 4.30pm start Venue: Cross Street Chapel, Cross Street, Manchester M2 1N Speaker: Dr Marina Spunta (Associate Professor of Italian, School of Arts, University of Leicester) ITALIANO Questa presentazione esplora la poetica del giardino di Pia Pera, come esempio di sostenibilità. Intendo considerare l’importanza dell’opera letteraria di Pera (1956-2016) per rivedere il nostro rapporto con piante e giardini nel definire nel XXI secolo, e posizionare l’autrice come una voce originale all’interno del dibattito corrente sull’ambiente. ENGLISH This talk explores Pia Pera’s poetics of the garden as an example of sustainability. I will consider the significance of the literary works of Pera (1956-2016) for revisiting our relation to plants and gardens in the XXI Century, and position the author as an original voice within contemporary environmental debates. Venue: Cross Street Chapel – Cross Street, Manchester M2 1NL The talk (in English and Italian) will be followed by a social gathering with a glass of wine and nibbles. To better arrange seating and refreshments, it would be helpful if you could book in advance by emailing us at dante@newfuture.org The event has been arranged on the occasion of: XXIII edizione (16-22 ottobre 2023) della Settimana della Lingua Italiana nel mondo: “L’italiano e la sostenibilità” XXIII Week of the Italian Language in the World: “Italian and Sustainability” Sotto l’Alto Patronato del Presidente della Repubblica Under the High Patronage of the President of the Italian Republic EUROPEAN DAY OF LANGUAGES STORYTIME @ Manchester Central Library SATURDAY 23 SEPTEMBER 2023 – 2.00pm to 3.00pm Venue: Manchester Central Library, St Peter’s Square, Manchester M2 5PD Bonjour! Ciao! Hola! Hello! Celebrate European languages with your children or grandchildren! Let them discover new cultures and learn some new vocabulary in a fun and creative way with this very special Storytime at Manchester Central Library. Native-speaker storytellers will share stories in Italian, French, Spanish and English before inviting children to take part in simple craft activities. Suitable for children aged 4-7. No Booking required. Anna Maria Forti Sheikh, teacher Violaine Reinbold, teacher Magaly Flores, teacher Angela Rawcliffe, Manchester Central Library Event co-organised by Società Dante Alighieri, Instituto Cervantes, Alliance Française in Manchester and Manchester City Council See you there! The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood: Italy and the Industrial North of England SATURDAY 16 SEPTEMBER 2023 – 4.20pm for 4.30pm start Venue: Cross Street Chapel, Cross Street, Manchester M2 1NL Image: Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Dante meeting Beatrice (1864) Manchester Art Gallery This paper will examine the strong links between the famous Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, their northern industrial patrons and their extensive use of Italian medieval literary and cultural sources in the nineteenth-century. As ever, links will be made back to Mrs Rylands’ books and the art collections of a founder member of the Manchester Dante Society who gifted his Dante paintings and books to the city. Speaker: Talk by our Honorary President, Prof. Stephen J. Milner (Serena Professor of Italian Studies – The University of Manchester) Venue: Cross Street Chapel – Cross Street, Manchester M2 1NL Admission: members and our students of Italian FREE / non-members £ 3.00 The talk (in English) will be followed by a social gathering with a glass of wine and nibbles. To better arrange seating and refreshments, it would be helpful if you could book in advance by emailing us at dante@newfuture.org Non mancate / Don’t miss it! Cilento: the Amalfi coast’s sister SATURDAY 1 JULY 2023 – 4.20pm for 4.30pm start Venue: Cross Street Chapel, Cross Street, Manchester M2 1NL Cilento is an area in the South of Italy, around 100 km south of Naples. Thanks to its outstanding natural beauty and its great historic value, 25 years ago it became an UNESCO World Heritage Site; it is also an Italian National Park (Parco Nazionale del Cilento e del Vallo di Diano). Cilento is not far from the Amalfi coast (they both are located in the Provence of Salerno) but despite its spectacular landscape it is not Internationally famous as it is a rural area and only a few facilities are available for foreign tourists. During this presentation we shall explore some of Cilento’s beauties and we shall dig into its history. We will start our trip visiting some villages located by the sea and we will finish exploring mountains as high as almost 2000 m. We will also time travel going back to Greek and Roman time and back again to present day. Join us if you want to find out more about this area. Speaker: Angelo Farnetano Venue: Cross Street Chapel – Cross Street, Manchester M2 1NL Admission: members and our students of Italian FREE / non-members £ 3.00 The talk (in English) will be followed by a social gathering with a glass of wine and nibbles. To better arrange seating and refreshments, it would be helpful if you could book in advance by emailing us at dante@newfuture.org Non mancate / Don’t miss it! IL GATTOPARDO – THE LEOPARD By Luchino Visconti – Italian with English subtitles – Duration 178 minutes SATURDAY 20 MAY 2023 – 4.00pm for 4.10pm start Venue: Cross Street Chapel, Cross Street, Manchester M2 1NL Join us to mark the 60th anniversary of one of the most famous and celebrated movies of all time. The screening will be preceded by a brief presentation of the historical context by Angelo Farnetano and by a brief introduction to the film by Dr Silvana Serra. Venue: Cross Street Chapel – Cross Street Manchester M2 1NL Admission: members and our students of Italian FREE / non-members £ 3.00 (drinks included) To organise seating, drinks and popcorn it would be helpful if you could book in advance at dante@newfuture.org Non mancate / Don’t miss it! “SOCIAL DANTE” – Informal get together over spritz and cicchetti Saturday 29 April 2023 – 4.15pm for 4.30pm start Venue: Cross Street Chapel, Cross Street, Manchester M2 1NL Please confirm your attendance before Thursday 27 April 8.00pm (see below) FESTA DI SAN MARCO (Saint Mark Day) is a festival in Venice held in April to celebrate Venice’s patron saint, Saint Mark. It is also known as the Rosebud festival (Venetian: festa del bócoło). On this day, men traditionally give a single rosebud to the women they love. These two Venetian traditions go back to ancient times. Let’s discover Venice legends and gastronomy and what Venetians do on this day. Alida, Stefano and Manuela will take you through the various traditions and we will enjoy together a Spritz, one of the most popular Italian drinks, and few typical nibbles/cicchetti. Admission: members and our students of Italian FREE / non-members £ 5.00 Booking is required by Thursday 27 April 8.00pm – Please note that we cannot accept late bookings due to purchase and preparation of refreshments. RSVP: dante@newfuture.org Vi aspettiamo! Translating Umberto Saba by Patrick Worsnip Saturday 1 April 2023 – 4.15pm for 4.30pm start (this event was originally scheduled for the 4th of March) Venue: Cross Street Chapel, Cross Street, Manchester M2 1NL Speaker: Patrick Worsnip (Patrick Worsnip read Classics and Modern Languages at Merton College, Oxford. He worked for more than 40 years as a correspondent for Reuters news agency, with postings in Europe, the Middle East, the United States and Rome. Since retirement in 2012, he has devoted himself to translation, mainly of poetry including a selection of work by the Latin poet Propertius and La Divina Commedia.) Patrick Worsnip will be introduced by the poet Jeffrey Wainwright. Umberto Saba (1883-1957) is one of the towering figures of Twentieth-Century Italian poetry, jointly with Eugenio Montale and Giuseppe Ungaretti. His Canzoniere (first published in 1921, but subsequently re-edited and expanded until its final edition of 1956) was much loved and embraced by younger poets and yet, it is still today rarely frequented by Italian readers, and, what’s more important for us today, virtually unknown to British readers. This is being redressed at last, by the volume Umberto Saba, 100 Poems, edited and translated by Patrick Worsnip, published by Carcanet Press. Presentation of the volume, which then will be followed by a poetry reading in English and Italian. The talk (in English and Italian) will be followed by a social gathering with a glass of wine and nibbles. Admission: members FREE / non-members £ 3.00 To better arrange seating and refreshments, please book in advance by emailing us at dante@newfuture.org AGM (Riunione Annuale Soci) – members only Friday 17 March 2023 – 6.00pm (ZOOM) Please confirm your attendance to dante@newfuture.org and you will receive the Zoom link a couple of days prior to the meeting. AGM (Annual General Meeting / Riunione Annuale Soci) – members only – Welcome/opening remarks – Treasurer’s report 2022 – All members of the current Executive Committee to step-down except for the Honorary President – New Executive Committee to be elected – Overview of SDA activities in 2022 – Discussion and proposals for future events and activities in 2023 – Any other relevant business Vi aspettiamo! Transitions in Print: Revealing Secrets of the European Printing Revolution Thursday 9 February 2023 – Arrival 5:00pm onwards – Talk starts at 5:45pm John Rylands Research Institute and Library, 150 Deansgate, Manchester M3 3EH It will be possible to browse/visit the exhibition from 5:00-5:45pm on arrival, with the talk/presentation and close up session to take place between 5:45-6:45 in the Teaching Room. he Rylands has one of the world’s greatest collections of 15th-century European printing. For over 100 years, innovative technologies have been used to examine these earliest printed artefacts, many of which are Italian in origin. In this exhibition we explore how scientists, historians and imaging specialists are joining forces to develop tools and new ways of looking at these historic documents using cutting-edge techniques, giving us new insights into our earliest printed heritage. Prof. Stephen Milner has been particularly involved in one project that uses protein and DNA analysis of interrogate books printed on parchment (animal skin), especially in Venice during the time of Aldus Manutius the famous printer and inventor of the ‘italic’ typeface. Talk by our Honorary President, Prof. Stephen J. Milner (Serena Professor of Italian Studies – The University of Manchester) You are welcome to arrive early to view the exhibition yourself before the event starts at 5:45pm. The event will end around 6.45pm as the library closes at 7.00pm Please book your place as soon as possible by emailing us at dante@newfuture.org – Places are available on a first come, first served basis. * 2022 Events Archive * Social Dante for Christmas – BRINDISI DI NATALE Saturday 10 December 2022 – 4.15pm for 4.30pm start Cross Street Chapel, Cross Street, Manchester M2 1NL Come along for a special gathering to exchange the Season’s greetings over a glass (or two) of prosecco and a slice of panettone or pandoro. We will celebrate the approaching Christmas Time with the witty and light-hearted speech (in English) by the famous Italian conductor Riccardo Muti, and enjoy his beautiful directorial skills, by listening to a fragment from the Rossini’s opera Gugliemo Tell, performed by the “Orchestra del Teatro La Scala” di Milano. There will be a brief introduction in English by Roberta Collingwood. Don’t miss it! Admission: members and our students of Italian FREE / non-members £ 3.00 Advanced booking would be highly appreciated to enable us to prepare the room and get enough panettone and (above all) prosecco. RSVP by Thursday 8 December – please contact dante@newfuture.org to book Vivaldi’s “Manchester” Sonatas Saturday 15 November 2022 – 4.15pm for 4.30pm start Cross Street Chapel, Cross Street, Manchester M2 1NL Speaker: Dr Roberta Collingwood (Istituto Italiano Antonio Vivaldi, Venezia) Exactly 50 years ago the Vivaldi scholar, Michael Talbot, discovered by chance the manuscript of twelve, unknown violin sonatas in Manchester’s Central Music Library. It was an important find, not just because the music is by Vivaldi, but because it is the third largest collection by the composer ever found, and also an excellent one. The manuscripts were part of a bulk of partially identified music which was bought at auction by the Central Music Library in the mid-1960s. How did this wonderful music arrive in Britain? Join us next Saturday when we unveil a fascinating story of research and discovery. The TALK (in English) will be followed by a social gathering with a glass of wine and nibbles. Admission: members FREE / non-members £3 In order to arrange seating and refreshments, it would be helpful if you could book in advance by emailing us at dante@newfuture.org KINOFILM FESTIVAL 18th Edition Manchester International Short Film Festival was established in 1995 and its focus is primarily on UK and European shorts. KINOFILM™ will present its 18th short film festival, Manchester International Short Film and Animation Festival from 19 to 30 October 2022. The festival will be opening with the partners’ European programmes at the Cervantes Institute Manchester. This will be the Spanish Shorts programme on Wednesday 19 October in association with the Instituto Cervantes followed by the Italian Shorts programme on Thursday 20 October in association with the Societa’ Dante Alighieri in Manchester – both programmes will start at 6.30pm (doors open 6pm) Once again Societa’ Dante Alighieri in Manchester and KinoFilm are proud to offer an evening of Italian shorts hosted by the Instituto Cervantes. Thursday 20 October 2022 – ITALIAN PROGRAMME 6.30pm (doors open at 6.00pm programme starts at 6.30pm) Venue: Instituto Cervantes, Manchester – FREE EVENT – advance booking is advised Full details and tickets on following link https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/kinofilm-italian-shorts-programme-tickets-430299676917 ……………………………………………………………………………………………… SPANISH PROGRAMME on Wednesday 19 October 2022 – 6.30pm (doors open at 6pm) – FREE EVENT Full details and tickets on KinoFilm 18th Edition: Spanish Shorts Programme (Cert 15) Tickets, Wed 19 Oct 2022 at 18:00 \| Eventbrite Dante visionary: a reading of PARADISO 23 Saturday 15 ottobre 2022 – 4.15pm for 4.30pm start Cross Street Chapel, Cross Street, Manchester M2 1NL Speaker: Spencer Pearce (Honorary Research Fellow, Italian Studies, The University of Manchester) The speaker will address the religious context in which Dante’s Commedia was written. Next, we shall read together the text of Paradiso 23 (text and English translation will be supplied) and consideration will be given to the meaning and significance of what is perhaps the most lyrical canto in the entire poem. The aim is to provide the listener with as complete an understanding of Dante’s vision as time allows. The talk (in English) will be followed by a social gathering with a glass of wine and nibbles. Admission: members FREE / non-members £ 3 To better arrange seating and refreshments, it would be helpful if you could book in advance by emailing us at dante@newfuture.org EUROPEAN DAY OF LANGUAGES STORYTIME @ Manchester Central Library Saturday 24 September 2022 – 2.00pm to 3.00pm Manchester Central Library, St Peters Square, Manchester M2 5PD Bonjour! Ciao! Hola! Hello! Celebrate European languages with your children or grandchildren! Let them discover new cultures and learn some new vocabulary in a fun and creative way with this very special Storytime at Manchester Central Library. Native-speaker storytellers will share stories in Italian, French, Spanish and English before inviting children to take part in simple craft activities. Suitable for children aged 4-7. No Booking required. Delia Maianti, teacher (Italian Consulate in London-Manchester) Violaine Reinbold, teacher Magaly Flores, teacher Angela Rawcliffe, Manchester Central Library Event organised in collaboration with Alliance Francaise, Instituto Cervantes and Manchester’s Central Library. See you there! DESIGNING DANTE EXHIBITION,MRS RYLANDS AND THE DANTE SOCIETY Thursday 22 September 2022 – 5.15pm for 5.30pm start John Rylands Research Institute and Library, 150 Deansgate, Manchester M3 3EH A brief talk and examination of Dante objects specifically linked to Mrs Rylands and the early years of the Manchester Dante Society before a tour of the Designing Dante exhibition. Find more information on the exhibition here: https://www.library.manchester.ac.uk/rylands/visit/events/designing-dante/ Talk and guided tour by our Honorary President, Prof. Stephen J. Milner (Serena Professor of Italian Studies – The University of Manchester) You are welcome to arrive early to view the exhibition yourself before the event starts at 5.30pm. The event will end around 6.45pm as the library closes at 7.00pm Please book your place as soon as possible by emailing us at dante@newfuture.org – Places are available on a first come, first served basis. SNIPPETS OF HISTORY Saturday 25 June 2022 – 4.15pm for 4.30pm start Cross Street Chapel, Cross Street, Manchester M2 1NL Speaker: STEFANO FORCOLIN Stefano is an accomplished Philatelist and in his collections there are many documents dating back up to the 15th century. Some of them will be the subject of this presentation. Like in a jigsaw puzzle every piece contains a small piece of a large design, so each of the letters and documents that will be showcased gives a minute particular of the past history of Italy (but not only). The talk is in English and includes display of original documents and presentation of some historically related images, with particular emphasis to the Napoleonic period. Non mancate / Don’t miss it! The talk will be followed by a social gathering with a glass of wine and nibbles. Admission: members FREE / non-members £ 3. To better arrange seating and refreshments, it would be helpful if you could book in advance by emailing us at dante@newfuture.org BREAKING THE CELLULOID CEILING Women in European cinema From Mon. 9 May to Thurs. 12 May 2022 Instituto Cervantes (326-330 Deansgate, Manchester M3 4FN) Manchester’s Instituto Cervantes, Società Dante Alighieri and Alliance Française invite you for a 4-day celebration of European Cinema with a focus on women in the industry. These free events include an evening of discussion followed by 3 nights of film screenings. In collaboration with HOME. MONDAY 9 MAY: DISCUSSION + Q&A 6pm – Instituto Cervantes (M3 4FN) Join us as we discuss roles, specific works by women, and opportunities for women in the European film industry. Focusing on 4 countries (UK, Spain, Italy and France), our panel of experts will address what is unique in how women directors, screenwriters and/or producers approach film-making, and highlight the opportunities for and contributions of women in the industry. Discussion will be followed by a Q&A. In English – Free – Open to all Register here www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/breaking-the-celluloid-ceiling-women-in-european-cinema-day-1-discussion-tickets-30342874253 TUESDAY 10 MAY: NOTRE DAME FRANCE \| COMEDY \| 2020 \| 88 mins \| CERT. 15 Dir. Valérie Donzelli with Valérie Donzelli, Pierre Deladonchamps, Thomas Scimeca “A crackling and offbeat comedy that transforms sadness into shared joy”. Cineuropa Maud Crayon (Valérie Donzelli), a single mother and struggling architect, wins a competition to redesign the esplanade in front of Notre-Dame. What should be a career-defining opportunity, however, only brings more drama when the project becomes a media scandal. Juggling professional challenges with the complications presented by her ex-fiancé, Bacchus (Pierre Deladonchamps), Maud’s quest to find a sense of balance is easier said than done. Shot just before the shocking fire at Notre-Dame, this light-hearted comedy is also a love letter both to Paris and one of its most famous landmarks. In French with English subtitles Register here www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/breaking-the-celluloid-ceiling-women-in-european-cinema-day-2-screening-tickets-303474790267 WEDNESDAY 11 MAY: SE QUIEN ERES / I KNOW WHO YOU ARE SPAIN \| THRILLER \| 2000 \| 100 mins \| CERT. 13 Dir. Patricia Ferreira with Ana Fernández, Miguel Ángel Solá, Roberto Enríquez Paloma is a young psychiatrist, hired to work as a director of a clinic in Galicia, and is attracted to Mario, her very first patient. He suffers from a rare form of amnesia, commonly known as Korsakoff’s syndrome. As a result, both his short- and long-term memories are affected, and he has temporary lapses of perception. However, Paloma finds Mario to be a fascinating individual, not just a regular patient. Intrigued, she decides to explore Mario’s past, and, through their dialogues, their relationship takes an unexpected turn. (Filmaffinity) In Spanish with English subtitles Register here www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/breaking-the-celluloid-ceiling-women-in-european-cinema-day-3-screening-tickets-303504438947 THURSDAY 12 MAY: PASQUALINO SETTEBELLEZZE / SEVEN BEAUTIES ITALY\| COMEDY/DRAMA \| 1975 \| 115 mins \| CERT. 18 Dir. Lina Wertmüller with Giancarlo Giannini, Fernando Rey, Shirley Stoler This film is a journey into the moral awareness of an everyday Neapolitan man – Pasquale Frafuso – ironically nicknamed by local people as Pasqualino Sette Bellezze (seven beauties). In 1930s Fascist Italy, he makes a point of living a carefree life, steering clear of any socio-political discourse. Yet life and history have a different plan for him. So after a funny start, the story takes a dramatic twist, as Pasqualino’s attempt to escape from a mental hospital ends in his imprisonment in a Nazi concentration camp. Here he will be forced to face horrible and impossible choices in order to survive. For this film, Lina Wertmüller was the first female director to be nominated for the Academy Awards in 1977, together with nominations as best screenplay written directly for the screen; best actor in a leading role (Giancarlo Giannini) and best foreign language film. When she received an Honorary Academy Award in 2019, trailblazing Italian filmmaker Lina Wertmüller added another historic notch in her career belt. In Italian with English subtitles Register here www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/breaking-the-celluloid-ceiling-women-in-european-cinema-day-4-screening-tickets-303524258227 Dante, light and technology Saturday 2 April 2022 – 4.15pm for 4.30pm start Cross Street Chapel, Cross Street, Manchester M2 1NL A talk by Jim Howell and Angelo Cangelosi (Professor of Machine Learning and Robotics at the University of Manchester) with “special guest” the small robot Nao. Jim Howell – Dante was fascinated by light both poetically and scientifically. This is especially to be seen in ‘Paradiso’, the part of the Divine Comedy which is being more and more studied in our twenty first century. Jim will talk about his own exploration of this aspect of the poet’s philosophy and trace a possible source of some his ideas which may surprise you. Angelo Cangelosi – Robots have been used to recite poetry, such as Dante’s Commedia. This gives us a motivation to reflect on how robots and machines can use and understand language, by taking inspiration from child psychology and philosophy of language. The talk will be followed by a social gathering with a glass of wine and nibbles. Admission: members Free / non-members £ 3 To better arrange seating and refreshments, it would be helpful if you could book in advance by emailing us at dante@newfuture.org GRAZIE La Divina Commedia / The Divine Comedy INFERNO: First Political Pamphlet Saturday 29 January 2022 – 4.15pm for 4.30pm start Cross Street Chapel, Cross Street, Manchester M2 1NL A reading of the Inferno as a device Dante used to convey, in a constructive way, the anger and resentment harboured in his heart. Speaker: SILVANA SERRA The talk is in English and includes the reading of selected verses in Italian by Silvana and in English by Pauline and Jim Howell. Non mancate / Don’t miss it! The talk will be followed by a social gathering with a glass of wine and nibbles. Admission: members FREE / non-members £ 3 To better arrange seating and refreshments, it would be helpful if you could book in advance by emailing us at dante@newfuture.org. * 2021 Events Archive * European Day of Languages: celebrating linguistic diversity (In English – mainly – free and open to all) Monday 27th September 2021 – “Do you speak polyglot?” (6.00PM – 7.15PM) To mark the European Day of Languages organised by the Council of Europe, the Società Dante Alighieri, the Instituto Cervantes and the Alliance Française of Manchester invite you to celebrate language diversity, intercultural understanding and multilingualism through an online talk with two exceptional guests: Richard Simcott and Andreas G. Wolff. Taken together, Richard and Andreas can speak over 60 languages. They will share with us their experience and tips for language learning; they will discuss the challenges and advantages of polyglotism and how it can influence personal and professional life, and they will answer all your questions. Join us for this round table on Monday 27th September, from 6PM to 7:15PM. This event is organised by Alliance Française de Manchester, the Società Dante Alighieri Manchester and the Instituto Cervantes. Richard Simcott is a British polyglot, who has studied over 50 languages. HarperCollins described him as one of the most multilingual people in the United Kingdom, and the Goethe Institute gave him the title Ambassador for Multilingualism. He has many years of consulting experience using languages with diverse clients and offering his expertise on multilingual and multinational projects. He is the original founder of the Polyglot Conference and The Language Event and manages a popular Facebook page called Speaking Fluently. Andreas G. Wolff, originally German, holds a BA (Hons) in Gaelic Language and Culture and an MA in International Journalism. He is now a video journalist with the BBC in Scotland, working in English and Gaelic. At home he speaks Spanish and Italian, the native languages of his wife, Jessica. A self-confessed language junkie, he is also fully proficient in French and has colloquial proficiency in Russian and Portuguese. He has a basic knowledge of Mandarin, Irish and most recently Northern Frisian. Andreas has previously taught adult Gaelic language classes and is certified by the International Association of Hyperpolyglots: HYPIA (hyperpolyglots are fluent in more than six languages). He is president of the Taynuilt Gaelic Choir. –> Click here to register and get the ZOOM link to the event <– https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/do-you-speak-polyglot-tickets-169828855679 Divine Notes for a Divine Poet: Dante between Classical Music and Heavy Metal – Part 2: Purgatory Thursday 23rd September 2021 – 6.00PM (free event on Zoom) Speaker: Alessandra Pompili After journeying through Hell (Inferno) in company of some of the musicians who were inspired by Dante’s narrative of despair, we turn our attention to Purgatory. Purgatory is a strange realm: not full hopelessness neither full bliss, it is inhabited by souls who are on the way to Heaven but still barred from it. They voice their quiet expectation through singing, and this evening will look at both the music they produce and the music that has been written to depict their temporary state. –> Please register at dante@newfuture.org for the ZOOM link <– For more info, please visit https://www.alessandrapompili.com/projects KINOFILM FESTIVAL 2021 – 17th Edition Wednesday 20 October 2021, 18:00 – ITALIAN PROGRAMME (Doors open at 6.00PM – programme starts at 6.30PM) Venue: Instituto Cervantes, 326-330 Deansgate, Manchester M3 4FN FREE ENTRY Manchester International Short Film Festival was established in 1995 and its focus is primarily on UK and European shorts. KINOFILM™ will present its 17th short film festival, Manchester International Short Film and Animation Festival from 19th to 26th October 2021 Once again Società Dante Alighieri in Manchester and KinoFilm are proud to offer an evening of Italian shorts hosted by the Instituto Cervantes. Full details and tickets at the following link: https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/184925335657 Please note: due to Covid-19 restrictions, capacity is limited. Please book your ticket as soon as possible. Industrial Dante Thursday 10th June, 7 – 8PM UK Time On Zoom – FREE event – Early Registration is required The following event is hosted by the Public Programmes Team at the John Rylands Research Institute and Library in collaboration with the Manchester Branch of the Società Dante Alighieri and Manchester Art Gallery. On the 700th anniversary of his death, join us to explore how Victorian Manchester embraced medieval Italian poet, Dante Alighieri. Professor Stephen Milner of the University of Manchester, explores the city’s role in the emergence of the ‘Cult of Dante’ in nineteenth-century Britain and takes us behind the scenes to reveal the role of Library founder, Enriqueta Rylands as a Dante collector and first Vice-President of the Manchester Dante Society. We will be joined live from Rome by Simona Giordano, who has been working on the rediscovered archive of the Manchester Dante Society. Simona looks back to a fascinating programme of events organised in 1921. Manchester Art Gallery Curator, Hannah Williamson treats us to a look at Dante inspired collections, including a gift made to by an early member of the Manchester Dante Society. The event will include a 40 minute talk followed by 20-minute Q&A. Book your Free place: https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/online-event-industrial-dante-tickets-154077336461 The talk will take place on Zoom, the link will be sent to you on the morning of the event. …………………………………. Professor Stephen J. Milner is Serena Professor of Italian at the University of Manchester and Honorary President of Societa’ Dante Alighieri in Manchester (Twitter: @italprof) The Romans: a shared European cultural heritage Thursday 6th May 2021 – 6.00PM (free event on Zoom) Wednesday 12th May 2021 – 6.00PM (free event on Zoom) On 6 and 12 May 2021, the Società Dante Alighieri, the Instituto Cervantes and the Alliance Française of Manchester invite you to celebrate Europe’s shared cultural roots through a discovery of the Roman heritage of four countries: the United Kingdom, Italy, Spain and France. Join us for four online talks + Q&A over two evenings with renowned historians: on 6 May discover the secrets of Ancient London and explore Italian Paestum, a Greek colony conquered by Rome; on 12 May wander the streets of the dazzling Tarragona in Spain and learn why Nîmes and Autun are sometimes called the French sisters of Rome. Free – These events will be held in English Click here to book your place and receive automatically the Zoom link for 6 May and here for 12 May! Alternatively you can reserve your place at dante@newfuture.org and the Zoom link will be sent to you prior to the booked event. –> Please register at dante@newfuture.org for the ZOOM link <– FRANZ LISZT – VIA CRUCIS Franz Liszt’ Way of the Cross (members & SDA friends only) Friday 2nd April at 6 PM (on Zoom) Piano: Alessandra Pompili On Lents season, members and friends of our Society are invited to attend the piano concert by our talented friend, Alessandra Pompili. Franz Liszt wrote the Via Crucis between 1876 and 1879. Already a minister of the Catholic Church, Liszt had been progressively absorbed by the composition of sacred works and by a quest for daring experimentations in music writing. The Via Crucis was inspired by a series of paintings on the Stations of the Cross made by German artist Friedrich Overbeck, whom Liszt met when living in Rome. The composition is divided into the fourteen customary stations plus the introductory hymn “Vexilla Regis”: in many ways, it is the only reflection of the last hours of Jesus’ life on earth written for piano. Among the many performances of the Via Crucis by Alessandra are those at the Franz Liszt Museum and Academy in Budapest, the Musei Vaticani, Casa Verdi, the Philharmonia of Krakow, Villa d’Este in Tivoli, the Cathedrals of Sheffield, Lancaster, Glasgow and Wrexham. For more info, please visit https://www.alessandrapompili.com/projects “Ricomincio da tre / I am starting from three” (members only) Sunday 14th February at 4 PM (on Zoom) On St. Valentine’s Day, members of our Society are invited to watch together the lovely movie by Massimo Troisi, “I am starting from three”, a celebration of love and friendship. Both feelings that play an essential role in our need for Connection and Sharing, that the pandemic has so strongly enhanced. We will meet in the afternoon, so have your tea and cake ready! * Il giorno di S. Valentino, siamo lieti di invitare i nostri soci alla visione del bel film di Massimo Troisi, “Ricomincio da tre”, il quale celebra l’amore e l’amicizia, entrambi sentimenti essenziali per soddisfare il nostro bisogno di contatto umano e condivisione, che questa pandemia ha cosi’ fortemente amplificato. Ci incontreremo nel pomeriggio, pertanto siate pronti con te’ e pasticcini! * 2020 Events Archive * Sunday 19th January 2020 – 4.30pm for 4.45pm start Cross Street Chapel, Cross Street, Manchester M2 1NL Admission: £ 2.00 members – £ 3.50 non-members A tour around Milano discovering its monuments, its stories, its music and its soul Join this lecture to explore this fascinating and dynamic Italian city. Speaker: ANGELO FARNETANO Milano is the financial and industrial capital of Italy. It is a modern city with a vibrant and chaotic life where people from all over the world live and work. Although it is not usually considered as being an art city, Milano has lots of hidden monuments and lots of stories to tell. This lecture will take us for an imaginary tour around the city discovering its main treasures, its life and its secrets. Some songs will be played during this walk to add a bit of flavour to the visit. Some of the places which will be visited are: Piazza Duomo, piazza dei Mercanti, piazza S. Alessandro, Chiesa di San Satiro and Castello Sforzesco. Non mancate / Don’t miss it! The talk will be followed by a social gathering with a glass of wine and nibbles. To better arrange the necessary refreshments, it would be helpful if you could book in advance by emailing us at dante@newfuture.org Thursday 30th April 2020 – 6PM YouTube live event “Maria Malibran – by Marco Bellasi” in cooperation with Instituto Cervantes Manchester and Insitituto Cervantes Leeds. Please go to bit.ly/2Vx2UyV to attend the online event. Friday 25th September 2020 – from 5PM Società Dante Alighieri Manchester, Instituto Cervantes Manchester and Alliance Francaise Manchester present: EUROPEAN DAY OF LANGUAGES 2020 (Online event only) This is a day that represents more than 800 million citizens from 47 different countries and pays tribute to the linguistic diversity of the European continent, with more than 200 languages of its own. You are invited to take part in the rich Europe’s linguistic-cultural heritage, which is seeking to highlight the importance of learning foreign languages to spread their knowledge and increase their value. Last, but not least, also to motivate people to help their continuous learning throughout people’s life. In order to raise people’s awareness on the wide variety of languages that characterise Europe, the Instituto Cervantes in Manchester in collaboration with us, Alliance Française de Manchester and Europia will organise a series of “trial classes” of the different European languages, together with other activities that aim to value our native languages. To register to the online event, please go to: https://bit.ly/34bKLg2 Neapolitan Song and Life in Naples Saturday 14th November 2020 – 6.15PM (online event, see details below) Speaker: Angelo Farnetano Over the last 6 centuries thousands of songs have been written in Neapolitan dialect and some of them have become famous around the world. These songs are not just a combination of nice worlds and music but they offer an amazing picture of people’s life in Naples. Taking advantage of these extraordinary musical treasure, we will explore some of the deepest aspects of Neapolitan culture by listening some of the most famous songs written in Neapolitan dialect. The event will be free and it will be held on line over Zoom, please use the following link to join: Meeting ID: 923 0676 8954 Passcode: 029093 Registration is not required. Early log in is appreciated to allow the host to admit everyone in the room and start the presentation at 6.15PM prompt. Please be aware that the lecture may be recorded. * 2019 Events Archive * Wednesday 6th February 2019 – meeting at 6.15PM for 6.30PM start Manchester Art Gallery, Mosley Street, Manchester M2 3JL Leonardo da Vinci: A Life in Drawing Marking the 500th anniversary of the death of Leonardo da Vinci, an exhibition of some of Renaissance master’s greatest drawings in the Royal Collection will be on display at Manchester Art Gallery. Join us to see these unique masterpieces and discover more about the Maestro of the Italian Rinascimento. A member of our Committee will be waiting for you from 6.15PM in the Main Hall. To round off the evening we will go to DOM’S in Deansgate for a pizza and a chat – in Italian or English. Please confirm your attendance in the comment box at the bottom of this page by 3rd February latest. Thursday 7th March 2019 – meeting beside the ticket office at 7.15PM for 7.30PM start The Bridgewater Hall, Lower Mosley St, Manchester M2 3WS SERATA A CONCERTO – Hallé: Opera Gala Gianluca Marcianò conductor \| Anna Patalong soprano \| Jung Soo Yun tenor Great voices and a great orchestra come together in an evening filled with passion, imagination and unforgettable melodies. Acclaimed Italian conductor Gianluca Marcianò and the Hallé are joined by rising stars Anna Patalong and Jung Soo Yun to bring your favourite operas to life. The concert includes: Che gelida manina and Sì, mi chiamano Mimì from La Bohème; Don José’s deeply moving Flower Song from Carmen; the celebrated singer Floria Tosca’s impassioned plea for redemption in Vissi d’arte from Tosca.. and then arias and duets from the Turandot, Rigoletto, La traviata and many other masterpieces. Meeting details: A member of our Committee will meet you at 7.15PM beside the ticket office. During the interval we will gather at the same spot for greetings and a chat. Tickets: Tickets’ costs are between £14.20 and £44.50 – to be booked individually. Please add £2.00 fee for online or phone booking. Please contact directly The Bridgewater Hall on 0161 907 9000 or visit their website www.bridgewater-hall.co.uk to proceed with the booking. Attendance: Please confirm your attendance in the comment box at the bottom of this page by 1st March latest. We hope to see you there! SYLVIA & SILVIO: A meeting of minds A talk (in English) about Sylvia Pankhurst and Silvio Corio by Alfio Bernabei – curator of the exhibition ‘Sylvia and Silvio’ opening at the end of March at the Working Class Movement Library, Salford Saturday 6th April 2019 – 5.45PM Venue: Cross Street Chapel, Cross Street, Manchester M2 1NL Free admission – The evening will conclude with a glass of Italian wine and nibbles. To better arrange the necessary refreshments, it would be helpful if you could book in advance by emailing us at dante@newfuture.org Thanks to Elena Palladino, our Executive Committee member, for helping Alfio Bernabei in organising the exhibition and this talk. FILM: IL CONFORMISTA / THE CONFORMIST by Bernardo Bertolucci – 1970 (Movie is in Italian with English subtitles – Duration 112 min) Introduction by Silvana Serra – Q&A session to follow Il film sara` introdotto da Silvana Serra. Seguira’ una breve sessione di domane e risposte. SUNDAY 12 MAY 2019 – 4.00 PM for 4.15 PM start Venue: Cross Street Chapel – Cross Street Manchester M2 1NL Admission: £ 2.00 DA members – £ 3.50 non-members (drinks and nibbles included) Bertolucci’s Oscar nominated adaption of Alberto Moravia’s novel (a thriller set in the Fascist era), is the film which started his partnership with the great cinematographer Vittorio Storaro (award winner for Apocalypse Now and Last Emperor among others), and it is widely considered one of the most visually dazzling and intriguing film of all time. Among other prestigious awards, the film won the Sutherland Trophy (BFI Awards) that same year. Nibbles and drinks will follow. Non mancate / Don’t miss it! To help us better organise seats & nibbles, please book in advance by emailing us at dante@newfuture.org FROM THURSDAY 23 MAY to SATURDAY 25 MAY 2019 – 7.30 PM SERATA ALL’OPERA – City of Manchester Opera presents An opera double bill – CAVALLERIA RUSTICANA by Mascagni and PAGLIACCI by Leoncavallo Venue: Hope Mill Theatre, 113 Pollard Street, Ancoats, Manchester M4 7JA Two well-known operas, with stories set in this production in 1930 and 1950, with gorgeous music from the late 19th century, that will grip your interest and excite your emotions, as the central characters deal with central themes of love, passion and revenge! (Fully staged, with orchestra, and sung in Italian, with English subtitles.) “City of Manchester Opera was originally formed in 1998. Though based in Manchester, we draw our membership from a large area of the north of England. The Company is open to anyone wishing to gain experience of opera and currently we have around thirty singers. Our membership, aged from 17 to 60 plus, comes from a broad variety of backgrounds.” Meeting details: If you attend the show on Thursday 23rd May: Silvana will meet you at 7.15 PM beside the ticket office. During the interval we will gather at the bar for a get together, a drink and a chat. Tickets: Admission £20 / £18 (concessions for Senior Citizens, Students up to 18 & Carers) + £1.50 booking fee Please contact directly the Hope Mill Theatre on 0333 012 4963 (open Mon-Fri 9am-5pm) or visit their website https://hopemilltheatre.co.uk/ to proceed with the booking. The theatre has a bar and restaurant serving home-made pizza and bar snacks. Attendance: Please confirm your attendance by emailing us at dante@newfuture.org by 21st May 2019 latest ANNUAL PIZZA DI FERRAGOSTO Venue: DOM’S Tavola Calda/Pizzeria 40-42 Deansgate, Manchester M3 1RH In the past few years we have celebrated the ‘Ferragosto’ (Italian Summer bank holiday) with a ‘pizza evening’ and this year it won’t be any different! Join us at 6.45PM on Thursday 15th August at DOM’S Deansgate! Booking is essential at dante@newfuture.org by Monday 12th August latest. Afterwards we kindly ask you to book with the venue directly by calling them on 0161 834 2649 Food and drinks are to be paid individually. See you there! Origins of “Ferragosto” The term Ferragosto derives from the Latin feriae Augusti (Augustus’ rest) indicating a festivity set up by the emperor Augustus in 18 BC which was an addition to the existing Roman festivals celebrating the end of the main agricultural tasks. During the celebrations, horse races were organised and labour animals were dispensed from work and decorated with flowers. Such ancient traditions are still alive today, virtually unchanged in their form and participation, during the “Palio dell’Assunta” which takes place on 16 August in Siena. The popular tradition of the Ferragosto trip arises during Fascism. Starting from the second half of the 1920s, in the mid-August period, the regime organised hundreds of popular trips, due to the setting up of the “People’s Trains of Ferragosto”, at hard discounted prices. The initiative gave the opportunity also to the less well-off social classes to visit Italian cities or to reach seaside and mountain resorts. On SUNDAY 22nd SEPTEMBER 2019 – 4.30PM Societa’ Dante Alighieri and Comites Manchester are pleased to invite you to the following screening VISIONI SARDE A selection of shortfilms about the people of Sardinia – In Italian with English subtitles Venue: Cross Street Chapel – Cross Street Manchester M2 1NL The screening will be followed by a social gathering with Sardinian wine and nibbles. To allow us to organise the seats and nibbles please book in advance at dante@newfuture.org XIX Edizione della Settimana della Lingua Italiana nel mondo: “L’italiano sul palcoscenico” XIX Week of Italian Language in the World: “The Italian language on the stage” Sunday 3rd November 2019 – 4.30PM for 4.45PM start Venue: Cross Street Chapel, Cross Street, Manchester M2 1NL Introduzione all’uso della lingua nei libretti d’opera verdiani An Introduction to the use of language in Verdi’s opera librettos Speaker: Dr. ROBERTA COLLINGWOOD The talk will be a mix of English and Italian language, and will be followed by a social gathering accompained by wine & nibbles. Admission: £ 2.00 members – £ 3.50 non-members ITALIANO Il libretto come genere letterario non ha mai goduto di buona fama, più spesso è stato oggetto di aspre critiche. I poeti/librettisti, generalmente di modesto calibro, eccetto qualche rara eccezione, riflettevano il livello della poesia dei melodrammi nel XIX secolo, un periodo nel quale il rapporto tra parola e musica vedeva quest’ultima dominare. Ascolteremo una serie di esempi tratti da opere di Verdi, per evidenziare il peculiare uso della lingua italiana nei libretti d’opera verdiani e mostrare come Verdi abbia influenzato i suoi librettisti sulla base delle idee musicali che aveva in mente. Si cercherà inoltre di chiarire il concetto di “parola scenica” col quale si intende definire la qualità drammatica di un testo operistico. Questo è un concetto coniato da Verdi nel 1870 che si basa sull’idea che ciò che è rilevante in un libretto è l’efficacia drammaturgica delle parole e della trama, piuttosto che la sublimità e la qualità letteraria del linguaggio stesso. Roberta Collingwood è un Music Editor. Ha lavorato per 9 anni per Casa Ricordi (l’editore, tra gli altri, di Verdi e Puccini). È attualmente il Redattore Coordinatore della nuova Edizione Critica delle Opere di Antonio Vivaldi, pubblicata dall’Istituto Italiano Antonio Vivaldi di Venezia, in collaborazione con Casa Ricordi. Ha conseguito il dottorato di ricerca in musicologia al King’s College London (University of London), sotto la guida del Professor Roger Parker. Il suo ambito di ricerca è la filologia della musica applicata al repertorio operistico italiano di Ottocento e primo Novecento. …………… ENGLISH The libretto as a literary genre has never enjoyed praise, more often has been the object of harsh criticism. Poets/librettists were generally of modest stature, with a few exceptions, and reflected the level of the poetry for librettos in the 19th century, a period in which the relationship between word and music saw the latter as dominant. We will listen to a series of examples from Verdi’s work, in order to highlight the peculiar use of Italian language in the librettos for his operas, and see how he influenced librettists’ writing on the basis of the musical ideas he had in mind. We will try to clarify the concept “parola scenica” (theatrical word) meant to describe the dramatic quality of an opera text. This is a key concept coined by Verdi in 1870 based on the idea that what is relevant in a libretto is the dramaturgical effectiveness of words and storyline, rather than the sublimity and literary quality of the language itself. Roberta Collingwood is a Music Editor. She worked for 9 years for Casa Ricordi (the Italian publisher of Verdi and Puccini, amongst others). She is currently the Managing Editor of the new Critical Edition of the Works of Antonio Vivaldi, published by the Istituto Italiano Antonio Vivaldi in Venice, in partnership with Ricordi. She undertook a PhD in Music Research at King’s College London (University of London), under the supervision of Professor Roger Parker. Her research interests are philology of music and 19th-century and early 20th-century Italian opera studies. …………… To allow us to organise the seats and nibbles please book in advance at dante@newfuture.org We are also pleased to inform you that the opera Don Pasquale performed in London on Thursday 24th October will be screened live at Vue Manchester Printworks, Manchester M4 2BS, and replicated the following Sunday. CONCERTO DI NATALE – CHRISTMAS RECITAL SUNDAY 8th December 2019 – 4.30PM for 5.00PM start Venue: Cross Street Chapel, Cross Street, Manchester M2 1NL (Download the leaflet: Music Recital – Natale 2019) The recital will include works by Puccini, Rossini, Bellini, Leoncavallo, Tosti and more… Isla MacEwan Soprano Tim Kennedy Piano Come along for a special gathering to exchange the Season’s greetings over a glass (or two, why not?) of Prosecco and a slice of panettone or pandoro! Admission: members £ 2.00 / non-members £ 4.00 Advanced booking is appreciated in order for us to get enough panettone and (above all!) Prosecco. Please contact dante@newfuture.org to book yourself and your friends / family in! FILM – Ladri di biciclette / Bicycle Thieves (movie will be in Italian with English subtitles) – Running time: approx. 1hr and 35′ THURSDAY 19th December 2019 from 20:10-22:15 UTC Venue: St Clement’s Church, Edge Lane, Chorlton-cum-Hardy, M21 9AE Tickets: £5 on the door only (no pre-booking nor reservations, just show up and join) Refreshments available – including Panettone! Movie hosted by Chorlton Film Institute www.chorltonfilminstitute.co.uk Doors will open at 20:10 – Introduction & Film start at 20:30; film certificate is U. The movie is presented in association with Società Dante Alighieri Manchester, with a short introduction in English by Dr Silvana Serra (PhD in Cinema, Event Organiser for Società Dante Alighieri and Member of the Selection Committee for the International Short Film Festivals). This landmark 1948 Italian film is widely regarded as among the best films of all time. In 1950 it won a special Academy Honorary Award as “most outstanding foreign language film” six years before the category was added to the Awards. Ricci, an unemployed man in post-WWII Italy, finally gets a good job – for which he needs a bicycle. But soon his bicycle is stolen… For additional info: www.facebook.com/events/2461662947243690/ * 2018 Events Archive *** (Information on parking with evening/weekend rates: www.ncp.co.uk/find-a-car-park) Thursday 18th January 2018, 6.30 pm – 8.30 pm The Portico Library, 57 Mosley Street, Manchester M2 3FF Societa’ Dante Alighieri and The Portico Library invite you to an evening with Christina Rossetti All the heaven is blasing – Tutto il cielo e’ splendente Parallel Poems Translated in Italian by Franca Maria Ferraris Illustrated by Maria Teresa di Tanna “Tutto il cielo e’ splendente” is the first Italian translation of her work. The Italian poet-translator and the illustrator will present their new book with readings in both languages and a musical interlude. Poetry reading Franca Maria Ferraris Italian poet translator Maria Teresa Di Tanna Italian illustrator Kate Fuggle musical interlude Presentation by Anna Maria Forti Sheikh. Christina Rossetti, one of the most original voices of her century: 1830-1894. An English poet born in 1830 to Gabriele Rossetti, a poet and a political exile from Vasto, Abruzzo – Italy and Frances Polidori, the sister of Lord Byron’s friend and physician, John William Polidori. Christina wrote a variety of romantic, devotional and children’s poems including ballads, love lyrics, and sonnets. Best known for her long poem Goblin Market, her love poem Remember, and for the words of the Christmas carol In the Bleak Midwinter. Her brother Dante Gabriel Rossetti became an influential Pre-Raphaelite artist and poet. Christina’s writing was influenced by the work of Dante Alighieri, Petrarch and other Italian writers. Her home was open to visiting Italian scholars, artists and revolutionaries. The evening will conclude with a glass of Italian wine and nibbles. Tickets: £ 5 members of Portico / Dante and students; £ 6 non-members Booking required: T. 0161 236 6785 or email dante@newfuture.org or book online at www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/christina-rossetti-presented-by-the-societa-dante-alighieri-tickets-40548931947 Sunday 4 February 2018 – doors open at 1.00 pm for the reception and the concert will follow at 2.00 pm Lunchtime concert with ‘Aperitif’ buffet and glass of wine St Ann’s Church, St Ann Sq, Manchester M2 7LF Tickets £7 / £ 5 Dante members and concessions Clarinet: Einar Jóhannesson Piano: Alessandra Pompili Einar Jóhannesson studied the clarinet at the Reykjavík College of Music with Gunnar Egilson and continued his studies at The Royal College of Music in London, where he won the coveted Frederick Thurston prize. He has appeared as a soloist and chamber music player throughout Europe, Asia, America and Australia. He is principal clarinet of the Iceland Symphony Orchestra, solo clarinettist of the Reykjavík Chamber Orchestra, and a founding member of the Reykjavík Wind Quintet. Alessandra Pompili is a classical pianist with a focus on presenting original and creative programmes to audiences. She has performed for years as a soloist to critical public acclaim in Italy, England, Hungary and the U.S.A. She lives in Manchester and is an active member of our Society. The event is jointly organised by St Ann’s Church and Societa’ Dante Alighieri in Manchester. WEDNESDAY 21 MARCH 2018 – 6.00pm for 6.15pm FILM: LA GIUSTA DISTANZA / THE RIGHT DISTANCE by Carlo Mazzacurati (2007) In Italian with English subtitles – Duration 106 min Introduction by Silvana Serra – Q&A session to follow Il film sara` introdotto da Silvana Serra e seguirà un breve dibattito Venue: The Town Hall Tavern, 20 Tib Lane (off Cross Street), Manchester M2 4JA Admission FREE – drinks and/or snacks can be ordered and paid for at the bar A fine film depicting themes, with much foresight, that have nowadays become prominent in daily life. The film was awarded with a ‘Nastro d’argento’ for best script, and nominated for several ‘David di Donatello’ awards, including categories for best film and best actress. WEDNESDAY 2nd MAY 2018 – 6.15pm for 6.30pm start ITALY 1929-1945: WHAT DID REALLY HAPPEN? Speaker: Silvana Serra The first of two talks will aim to broaden the knowledge of – and provide some clarifications on – the dramatic events of the Fascism and the role of Italy in World War II. Events sadly often perceived too simplistically. A glass of wine and Italian nibbles will follow. During the social gathering you will have the opportunity to discuss the presentation. Venue: Cross Street Chapel, Cross Street, Manchester M2 1NL Admission: members £ 2.00 / non-members £ 3.00 It would be helpful if you could confirm your presence to dante@newfuture.org WEDNESDAY 3rd JUNE 2018 – 6.15PM for 6.30PM start ITALY 1929-1945: WHAT DID REALLY HAPPEN? ( 2ND AND FINAL PART ) Speaker: Silvana Serra The last of two talks will aim to broaden the knowledge of – and provide some clarifications on – the dramatic events of the Fascism and the role of Italy in World War II. Events sadly often perceived too simplistically. A glass of wine and Italian nibbles will follow. During the social gathering you will have the opportunity to discuss the presentation. Venue: Cross Street Chapel, Cross Street, Manchester M2 1NL Admission: members £ 2.00 / non-members £ 3.00 It would be helpful if you could confirm your presence to dante@newfuture.org SATURDAY 16th – FRIDAY 29th JUNE Saturday 16 June (11.00pm to 4.30pm) Cross Street Chapel, Cross Street, Manchester M2 1NL FREE admission Il mercatino del libro – Italian book market Browse for those special second hand and rare one off books for adults and children. * * * Garofalo pasta tasting (12.30pm to 1.30pm) Pop-in to taste this exceptional Italian pasta which may have only arrived in the UK recently but in Italy it’s existed since 1789. * * * Sunday 17th June Manchester Day with Al Bacio and Dom’s Join us for mouth-watering Italian food and drink throughout the day. Al Bacio Restaurant, 10-14 South King Street, Deansgate, Manchester M2 6DW Dom’s Tavola calda, 40-42 Deansgate, Manchester M3 1RH * * * Wednesday 20th June (6.30pm) Divine Monsters: From Past to Present The Portico Library, 57 Mosley Street, Manchester Art Historian Sara Riccardi will explore the historical representation of ‘bestiari’, which belonged to the wider collective Medieval imagination, of which Dante and Gessner were part. Sara will also present and explore the beautiful facsimiles of some illuminated early manuscripts of the Divina Commedia on display at the Library. Barbara Bertoni of Imago, the Italian publishers of the facsimiles, will be on hand after the talk to discuss the manuscripts with you. Drinks and Italian snacks will follow: £5 members of Portico and Dante £6 non-members / £4 students and unemployed Booking required: Library tel. 0161 2366785 events@theportico.org.uk or dante@newfuture.org * * * 20th – 22nd June (9.30am – 4.30pm) The Divine Comedy: Early Manuscripts The Portico Library, 57 Mosley Street, Manchester FREE admission Over just three days facsimiles of six of Dante’s early illuminated manuscripts will be shown at The Portico Library. You will be able to view these stunning reproductions of the “Divina Commedia” up-close and discover some of the history of these amazing books. * * * Thursday 21st June To learn more about the technical details of the manuscripts, drop in to the library at 3.00pm on 21 June to talk to Elena Palladino, Rare Books and Special Collections Librarian – member of Societa’ Dante Alighieri. * * * Friday 29th June (1.00pm) Cross Street Chapel, Cross Street, Manchester Lunchtime Concert Pianist: Alessandra Pompili Followed by complimentary Garofalo pasta salad, Italian cheese and drinks FREE admission – Donations to the Cross Street Chapel are appreciated * * * Monday 18th to Friday 22nd June Al Bacio Restaurant and Dom’s Tavola Calda 10-14 South King Street, Deansgate, Manchester M2 6DW 40-42 Deansgate, Manchester M3 1RH A main dish of Garofalo pasta with a soft drink at £10.00 * * * Monday 25th to Friday 29th June Al Bacio Restaurant and Dom’s Tavola Calda 10-14 South King Street, Deansgate, Manchester M2 6DW 40-42 Deansgate, Manchester M3 1RH A main dish of Garofalo pasta with a soft drink at £10.00 –> DOWNLOAD OUR FESTA ITALIA 2018 LEAFLET HERE! <– PIZZA DI FERRAGOSTO 15th August 2018 6.45PM for 7PM start Venue: DOM’S Tavola Calda/Pizzeria, 40-42 Deansgate, Manchester M3 (corner Blackfriars St) In the past few years we have celebrated the ‘Ferragosto’ (15th August) with a ‘pizza evening’ and also this year Silvana and Manuela will meet at DOM’s in Deansgate. If you like to join us please contact dante@newfuture.org BEFORE Monday 13th August and we will book a table accordingly. Each of us will pay separately for his/her own pizza and drink. Buone vacanze a tutti! E buon Ferragosto! Origin of “Ferragosto” – The term Ferragosto derives from the Latin feriae Augusti (Augustus’ rest) indicating a festivity set up by the emperor Augustus in 18 BC which was an addition to the existing Roman festivals celebrating the end of the main agricultural tasks. During the celebrations, horse races were organised and labour animals were dispensed from work and decorated with flowers. Such ancient traditions are still alive today, virtually unchanged in their form and participation, during the “Palio dell’Assunta” which takes place on 16 August in Siena. The popular tradition of the Ferragosto trip arises during Fascism. Starting from the second half of the 1920s, in the mid-August period, the regime organised hundreds of popular trips, due to the setting up of the “People’s Trains of Ferragosto”, at hard discounted prices. The initiative gave the opportunity also to the less well-off social classes to visit Italian cities or to reach seaside and mountain resorts. EUROPEAN DAY OF LANGUAGES Wednesday 26 September 2018 5.30pm to approx. 8.30pm The Instituto Cervantes, 326/330 Deansgate, Manchester M3 4FN The European Day of Languages is celebrated on September 26. This day represents 800 million citizens of 47 countries and honors the linguistic diversity of the continent of Europe, with more than 200 languages of its own. Instituto Cervantes is once again participating in this welcome initiative and invites everyone to join this celebration of the linguistic and cultural diversity in Europe, which seeks to underline the importance of learning languages; increase knowledge and awareness of the value of languages, and encourages the continued learning of languages throughout life. In order to raise awareness about the great variety of languages that characterises Europe, Instituto Cervantes in Manchester, in collaboration with the Europia, Alliance Française and Societa’ Dante Alighieri, is organizing a series of activities at its headquarters including taster classes of different European languages. The taster class for Italian will be run by Silvana Serra. The event is aimed at prospective students. It is free, but booking is required. Please register at: www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/european-day-of-languages-tickets-48478645935 Event schedule will be as follows: ………………………………………………………………………… 17:30 – 18:15 German Language Class Taster 17:30 – 18:15 French Language Class Taster 18:15 – 19:00 Spanish Language Class Taster 18:15 – 19:00 Basque Language Class Taster 19:00 – 19:45 Polish Language Class Taster 19:00 – 19:45 Italian Language Class Taster 19:45 – 20:30 International Music & Food …………………………………………………………………………. The Victorians and the Reinvention of the Italian Renaissance Thursday 27 September 2018 6:30pm – 8:30pm The Portico Library, 57 Mosley Street, Manchester Speaker: Emma Marigliano From Giotto to Michelangelo, Dante to Petrarca, Firenze to Roma, Italy’s Renaissance left an indelible mark on the Victorians. Former special collections librarian, Emma Marigliano, explores how British artists and poets reinterpreted and mythologised Italian culture for the British public. Italian nibbles and wine will be offered after the talk. £5 members of Portico and Dante £6 non-members / £4 students and unemployed Booking required: dante@newfuture.org OR with the Portico Library tel. 0161 2366785 – events@theportico.org.uk Booking also possible with Eventbrite: www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/the-victorians-the-reinvention-of-the-italian-renaissance-tickets-47419604313 Saturday 8 December 2018 – open from 1.00pm to 6.00pm Venue: Victek, 52 Ardwick Green South, Manchester M13 9XF (near the Apollo theatre roundabout and ESSO petrol station) SALVIAMO I LIBRI! SAVE THE BOOKS (and get the publications you like as a present for Christmas from Dante!) Join us to open the boxes of Italian books donated to our Society, which are stored in the basement of Victek’s building. Also take a browse at the books on the shelves upstairs and help us to find a “good home” for them! You can spend between 1 and 5 hours practising your Italian (or not) and have a break with a slice of panettone and a glass of prosecco. You will also find ‘pasta GAROFALO’ to buy at £1/packet to stock for the coming Holidays. A hamper of pasta can be a great idea for a present to family and friends! Don’t forget to bring few carrying bags! LOCATION: Victek’s building is located just before Tesco/Esso petrol station and the Apollo theatre roundabout. There is parking space inside the petrol station and in the streets around the garden/park. On foot from Piccadilly station: approx. 10 min. Buses: there are frequent buses from the city centre: 192 / 201 / 203 / 204 / 205 Wed 7 November 2018, 13:30 – 14:00 GMT Manchester Art Gallery, Mosley Street, Manchester M2 3JL Curator’s talk: Annie Swynnerton Join exhibition co-curator, Rebecca Milner for a fascinating talk on the Manchester-born artist Annie Swynnerton. Take a closer look at some of Swynnerton’s paintings and discover how she captured the unique qualities of light in the Italian countryside. Explore how the artist’s passion for the sun and its visual and sensory effects shaped the way she represented joy, hope and female empowerment. Swynnerton first visited Rome in 1874, living for extended periods there between 1883 and 1910. The talk will take place in gallery 1 – FREE – open to the public. The first retrospective for nearly a century of the Manchester born painter Annie Swynnerton, a pioneering professional artist who challenged convention in art and life. Portraits showing the artist’s Manchester connections open the exhibition including Susan Dacre, with whom she co-founded the Manchester Society of Women Painters, and the Reverend William Gaskell, husband of novelist Elizabeth Gaskell. The exhibition also brings together landscapes, allegorical works and later portraits revealing her as a continually inventive artist who engaged with current art movements and forged her own independent style shaped by her experience of light and colour in Italy. The impact of Italy comes through in the vibrant colours and gestural paint of her portrayals of women that are a highlight of this exhibition. She represented women of all ages and walks of life, challenging conventions of beauty and capturing female power, strength, hope and potential at a time when women’s roles and opportunities were changing. The exhibition Annie Swynnerton: Painting Light and Hopeis open until Sunday 6 January 2019 – FREE KINOFILM FESTIVAL 15th Edition www.kinofilm.org.uk (24th November – 2nd December 2018) https://www.facebook.com/pg/kinofilmfest/events/ Manchester International Short Film Festival was established in 1995 and its focus is primarily on UK and European shorts. This year Instituto Cervantes and Societa’ Dante Alighieri, in collaboration with KinoFilm, are proud to offer an evening of Spanish and Italian shorts. Wednesday 28 November 2018 Venue: Instituto Cervantes, 326/330 Deansgate, Manchester M3 4FN 5.00pm to 6.30pm – SPANISH Shorts programme 7.00pm to 8.30pm – ITALIAN Shorts programme Free admission for both programmes. Reservation required. Reservation for Italian programme: please contact dante@newfuture.org The Italian screening will be followed by a glass of Italian wine and a tasting of different chilled ‘pasta salads’ prepared with pasta GAROFALO. www.pastagarofalo.it/uk_en/garofalo-firma-il-cinema/ – GAROFALO shorts are found in their website and in YouTube. The evening will finish at 9.30pm (doors closed). * 2017 Events Archive * Friday 20th January 2017 – meeting 6PM for 6.15PM start AGM (Riunione Annuale Soci) and ‘Apericena’ – members only Venue: Cross Street Chapel, Cross Street, Manchester – Treasurer’s report 2016 – New Executive Committee to be appointed – Overview of the activities carried out in 2016 – Discussion and proposal for future events and activities The AGM (approx. 1 hour – Free admission) will be followed by a social APERICENA (glass of wine or fruit juice with buffet of Italian appetisers). Children are welcome. In order to organize the catering, members are kindly requested to book for the Apericena by the 18th of January, at the latest. No booking will be taken after that date. For full details and cost please contact us as soon as possible: dante@newfuture.org Thursday 16 March 2017 – 5.30pm to 7.00pm Members and Friends of our Society are invited to attend this seminar in the Department of Arts & Visual Culture at the University of Manchester Michelangelo’s Ignudi: from Florentine Tradition to Roman Subversion Speaker: Prof. Bette Talvacchia (University of Oklahoma) Venue: Room A 113 Samuel Alexander Building, Oxford Road, The University of Manchester FREE admission. No need to pre-book. SEE YOU THERE! Bette Talvacchia is Director of the OU School of Visual Arts at the University of Oklahoma. She holds a Ph.D. in Art History from Stanford University. Her work as a scholar focuses on the art and culture of the Italian Renaissance, and on issues of sexuality and gender. Talvacchia was awarded a Fellowship from the National Endowment for the Humanities as part of its inaugural Public Scholars Program in 2015-16. The fellowship project will lead to a book entitled “The Two Michelangelos.” Details can be found here: http://events.manchester.ac.uk/event/event:y3p-iyofmaxp-l6am2v/art-history-seminar-prof-bette-talvacchia-michelangelos-ignudi Friday 24 March 2017 – 6.45PM for 7.00PM prompt FILM: I soliti ignoti / Big Deal on Madonna Street (1958) by Mario Monicelli – In Italian with English subtitles – Duration 102 min Introduction by Silvana Serra – Q&A session to follow Il film sara` introdotto da Silvana Serra e seguira` un breve dibattito Venue: The Town Hall Tavern, 20 Tib Lane (off Cross Street), Manchester M2 4JA Let’s celebrate the anniversaries for Marcello Mastroianni and Toto’ with a film included in the list “100 film italiani da salvare”. With a witty humour and a refreshing artlessness, the film brings us a flavour of a world long gone. Non mancate / Don’t miss it! Admission FREE – drinks can be ordered and paid for at the bar. If you wish to have a snack/dinner before or after the screening, food is available through a pre-order, mentioning “Film Dante”. Please contact The Town Hall Tavern – 0161 8321961. Friday 7 April 2017 – 6.45PM for 7.00PM start La Canzone Italiana e il Festival di Sanremo / The Italian Song and Sanremo Festival Venue: Cross Street Chapel, Cross Street, Manchester M2 1NL Full details TBA soon Following the 67th ‘Festival di Sanremo’, the Societa’ Dante Alighieri in Rome and the University Ca’ Foscari in Venice have awarded the prize for best text/wording to the song ‘Che sia benedetta’. The singer Fiorella Mannoia is “ambasciatrice della canzone italiana nel mondo”. Alida, Liliana, Rita and Stefano will present us with some ‘Hits’ from the Festival’s history. Thursday 27 April 2017, 6:30 – 8.30PM Byron’s Venice: The revel of the earth, the masque of Italy Members and friends of our Society are invited to attend this lecture at The Portico Library & Gallery, 57 Mosley Street, Manchester M2 3HY This talk celebrates the 200th anniversary of the composition of the final canto of Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage and Beppo, in which Byron redefined and reinvented Venice for the rest of the nineteenth century and beyond. A host of writers, artists and tourists flooded into Venice in the wake of these publications, looking for the Byron’s ‘Sea Cybele, fresh from ocean’, but what was so new about Byron’s Venice? This talk by Dr Alan Rawes (Lecturer in Romanticism at the University of Manchester and Joint President of the International Association of Byron Societies) seeks to offer an answer to that question. This event is sponsored by The Byron Society. The lecture will be followed by a drinks reception with complimentary Italian wine. SEE YOU THERE! TICKETS £6.82 – £8.93 Book online through Eventbrite: www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/byrons-venice-the-revel-of-the-earth-the-masque-of-italy-tickets-31535360111 Eventbrite charges a booking fee. If you would like to avoid this, please contact the library directly to make your booking on 0161 236 6785. Friday 7 April 2017 – 6.45pm for 7.00pm start La Canzone Italiana e il Festival di Sanremo / The Italian Song and Sanremo Festival VENUE: Cross Street Chapel, Cross Street, Manchester M2 1NL Following the 67th ‘Festival di Sanremo’ last February, the Societa’ Dante Alighieri in Rome, teaming up with the University Ca’ Foscari in Venice, has awarded the prize for this year’s best lyrics to the song ‘Che sia benedetta’. The singer Fiorella Mannoia, therefore, has been appointed “Ambasciatrice della canzone italiana nel mondo”. Further to this initiative, an event has been organized on Friday 7th April in which Alida, Liliana, Rita and Stefano will present us with some ‘Hits’ from the Festival’s history, which is the most popular Italian song contest and awards, held annually in the city of Sanremo, in Italy, and which launched the careers of some of Italy’s most successful singers, including Andrea Bocelli, Giorgia, Laura Pausini, Eros Ramazzotti, and Gigliola Cinquetti. A glass of wine with cantuccini and some Italian conversation will follow. Admission: £ 2.00 members £ 3.00 non-members WE WAIT FOR YOU! FESTA ITALIA 2017 13th – 18th June (scroll down to see the full list of events or download the leaflet here) Tuesday 13 June (6.30pm) Divorzio all’italiana / Divorce Italian Style (1961 – B&W – 108’) The Portico Library, 57 Mosley Street, Manchester Film in Italian with English subtitles (rare edition) Introduction in English by Dr Silvana Serra – Q&A session to follow As part of the Italian celebrations for Marcello Mastroianni, the protagonist of “La Dolce Vita”, this funny and intelligent satire portrays the hypocritical view of the Italian society of the time towards rejecting divorce as illegal while accepting “honour killing” as a minor transgression. This is a cinematic journey into the “Commedia all’italiana”. The movie won the Oscar/Academy Award for Best Writing, Story and Screenplay. Drinks and nibbles to follow. £4 members of Portico and Dante £5 non-members / £3 students and unemployed For more information, please visit https://www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/divorzio-allitaliana-divorce-italian-style-tickets-34967944062 Booking required: Library tel. 0161 2366785 events@theportico.org.uk or dante@newfuture.org *** Thursday 15 June (6.45 for 7.00pm start) The GIRO D’ITALIA 2017 celebrates its 100th edition Cross Street Chapel, Cross Street, Manchester M2 1NL Stefano Forcolin gives his impressions on one of the oldest Italian cycling events, from the heroic times up to the present days, speaking about more and less famous protagonists and the impact they had on the Italian sport (and not only). A glass of wine with pasta Garofalo will follow this interesting event. Admission £5 Booking: dante@newfuture.org * Saturday 17 June (11.00am to 5.00pm) Il mercatino del libro – Italian book market Cross Street Chapel, Cross Street, Manchester M2 1NL Browse for second hand and rare one off Italian books for adults and children. FREE admission PLUS!! Enjoy Garofalo pasta tasting (3 shows: 12 noon – 2.00pm – 4.00pm) Pasta Garofalo is the Italian pasta synonymous with Italian film After browsing the book stalls you can watch these two short films in Italian with English subtitles: ‘Caserta Palace Dream’ and ‘The Wholly Family’ (12.30pm – 2.30pm). Duration approx. 40 minutes for both, screened at 12.30 and 2.30PM. * Sunday 18 June MANCHESTER DAY – ABRACADABRA! Don’t’ miss our Magic Pasta shows in St. Ann’s Square www.manchesterday.co.uk Sunday 18 June – all day Does Garofalo pasta taste as good as it looks? Try the TRIO of pasta during the Manchester Day at AL BACIO Restaurant 10-14 South King Street, off Deansgate, Manchester M2 6DW A main course dish with 3 pasta and different sauces (suitable for vegetarians) for only £ 6.50 www.al-bacio.co.uk 13 to 18 June at AL BACIO Restaurant 10-14 South King Street, Deansgate, Manchester M2 6DW Get a free glass of Prosecco before lunch and dinner. * FESTA ITALIA ‘FRINGE EVENT’ in Hebden Bridge Saturday 24 June PASTA FUN Fresh pasta-making with the Societa’ Dante Alighieri at the STREET SATURDAY in Hebden Bridge for their annual Arts Festival. 12 – 4pm at the Marina Don’t miss us if you are in the area! Full programme on http://hebdenbridgeartsfestival.co.uk On the occasion of Manchester Food & Drink Festival 2017 (Festival dates 28th September – 9th October 2017) Wednesday 4th October 2017 (only) – any time between 6.00PM and 10.00PM ( Dante’s table is booked at 7.00PM ) TRIO OF PASTA GAROFALO Venue: Al Bacio Restaurant, 10-14 South King Street, Deansgate, Manchester M2 6DW A main course dish with 3 types of pasta topped with different sauces (also suitable for vegetarians) for only £ 9.95 !! Our Society is organising a table for our group at 7.00pm – Booking: dante@newfuture.org Alternatively you can book directly with the restaurant for you and your family/friends – Booking: 0161 8327669 – info@al-bacio.co.uk XVII SETTIMANA DELLA LINGUA ITALIANA NEL MONDO (16-22 ottobre 2017) “L’italiano al cinema, l’italiano nel cinema” Sunday 22 October 2017 – 3.45pm for 4.00pm prompt FILM: Johnny Stecchino (1991) by Roberto Benigni (also starring in the role of the protagonist “Dante”!) In Italian with English subtitles – Duration 112 min Introduction by Silvana Serra – Q&A session to follow This witty, highly entertaining, and clever film remains the best attempt so far to ridicule the Mafia. Venue: The Town Hall Tavern, 20 Tib Lane (off Cross Street), Manchester M2 4JA Admission FREE – drinks and/or snacks can be ordered and paid for at the bar. Due to limited availability of seats, please confirm your attendance by Friday 20th October latest. KINOFILM FESTIVAL 14th Edition www.kinofilm.org.uk 18th-26th November 2017 Manchester International Short Film Festival was established in 1995 and its focus is primarily on UK and European shorts. This year Instituto Cervantes and Societa’ Dante Alighieri, in collaboration with KinoFilm, are proud to offer an evening of Spanish and Italian shorts. Friday 24th November 2017 The Instituto Cervantes and Societa’ Dante Alighieri invite you to an evening of Spanish and Italian short films. Venue: Instituto Cervantes, 326/330 Deansgate, Manchester M3 4FN 5.00pm to 6.30pm – SPANISH Shorts programme 7.00pm – ITALIAN Shorts programme Free admission for both programmes. Reservation required. Reservation for the Italian programme: www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/italian-shorts-programme-drinks-reception-kinofilm-festival-2017-tickets-39515777755 Reservation for the Spanish programme: www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/spanish-shorts-programme-kinofilm-festival-tickets-39515702530 The Italian screening will be followed by a glass of Italian wine and a tasting of different chilled ‘pasta salads’ prepared with pasta GAROFALO, the Italian pasta synonymous with Italian film – www.pastagarofalo.it/uk_en/garofalo-firma-il-cinema/ A short film produced by GAROFALO, The Wholly Family (in Italian with English subtitles), will be screened in the background while you mingle eating the pasta. This and other GAROFALO shorts are found in their website and in YouTube. The evening will finish at 9.30pm (doors closed). CELEBRATING LUCIANO PAVAROTTI Saturday 2nd December 2017 – 6.00PM to 8.00PM Venue: Cross Street Chapel, Cross Street, Manchester M2 1NL Admission: members £ 1.00 non-members £ 3.00 On 6th September 2007 Pavarotti lost his battle against cancer and died in his home in Modena. After 10 years of his passing, he’s still remembered and still loved as he was when he was alive. Today Roberto Mobili e Liliana Foligno-Smith will help us to remember the voice that for many is the voice of the greatest tenor in the history of opera. Come along for a special gathering to celebrate the ‘Maestro’ and to exchange the Season’s greetings over a glass (or two) of prosecco and a slice of panettone or pandoro. It would be helpful if you could confirm your presence to dante@newfuture.org * 2016 Events Archive * Sunday 4th December 2016 – meeting 5.30PM for 6.00PM start Let’s throw a party! Al Bacio Restaurant, 10-14 South King Street, Deansgate, Manchester M2 6DW 2016 is the 20th anniversary of Societa’ Dante Alighieri in Manchester and it would be great if members and friends of the society would get together to celebrate the occasion. We will meet at the AL BACIO Restaurant for a social early dinner and to exchange the Season’s Greetings. The price for the 3 course meal (starter, main course, pandoro) will be £15.90 per person. Drinks have to be ordered and paid for (separately) at the bar. Your booking and relevant payment must be received by Wednesday 30 November AT THE LATEST. For booking and payment, please contact: dante@newfuture.org Monday 14th November 2016 – from 6.30 PM to 9 PM Dante in Europa 2016 Dante’s Literary Landscapes “Parco Letterario Terre di Dante” comes to Manchester! Introduction by Serena Prof. Stephen Milner – The University of Manchester (This event is in English with some Italian) Venue: The Portico Library & Gallery, 57 Mosley Street, Manchester M2 3HY The vast territory between Florence and Ravenna is still imbued with the presence of Dante Alighieri. This is where he lived, suffered and was inspired to compose his immortal works. Today, seven hundred and fifty years after his birth (Florence 1265) and seven hundred years after his death (Ravenna 1321), the “Parco Letterario le terre di Dante” gives a presentation for us to discover or get a different perspective of such territory, now called “Dante’s Lands” – Lands of Art and Culture, and guides us along the path taken by the Poet, so that we can feast our eyes on the extraordinary places the father of the Italian language immortalised. The event includes: Presentation of the book “L’Italia con gli occhi di Dante” (Italy through Dante’s eyes) by the author, Raffaella Cavalieri Itineraries and tourism opportunities presented by Attilio Moroni (Parco le terre di Dante) Dante’s events at the “Ravenna Festival 2017” by Anna Bonazza Screening of the short film “Inferno” (1911) inspired by the Divina Commedia/Divine Comedy and Gustave Dore’s illustrations A complimentary glass of wine and cantuccini will be offered during the interval. We do hope you will be able to join us for this special evening! Free admission – as seats are limited booking is required! Please book yourself in on www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/dantes-literary-landscapes-tickets-27941036392 or via email dante@newfuture.org Thursday 27th October 2016 – 6.30 PM for 7 PM start Marcantonio Raimondi and Raphael Join us for a unique opportunity to visit this exhibition by David Morris, Head of Collections (to register, please send us an email to dante@newfuture.org. The event will be held in English, with occasional Italian) Venue: Whitworth Art Gallery, Oxford Road, Manchester M15 6ER This exhibition features the work of one of the radical originators and innovators of the European tradition of printmaking, Marcantonio Raimondi (c. 1480-c. 1534). Marcantonio was one of the leading printmakers of the Italian Renaissance and is best known for his groundbreaking collaboration with the Renaissance artist Raphael. This is the first Marcantonio Raimondi exhibition for thirty-five years and the first ever in the UK. Showcasing the world-class collections of Marcantonio’s work at The University of Manchester, housed both at the Whitworth and The John Rylands Library, the exhibition will also feature loans of outstanding prints by Marcantonio and unique drawings by Raphael from major collections. Friday 23 September 2016 – 6.30pm for 6.45pm start FILM: Smetto Quando Voglio / I Can Quit Whenever I Want (2014) by Sydney Sibilia – In Italian with English subtitles – Duration 95 minutes Introduction by Silvana Serra – Q&A session to follow Venue: Cross Street Chapel, Cross Street, Manchester M2 1NL Admission: £ 2.50 members – £ 3.50 non-members (drinks and nibbles included) Sibilia deals with the drama of unemployment for the Italian young generation, despite their academic high skills, in an amusing yet effective way by adopting a comic style, punctuated by surreal paradoxes. Nibbles and drinks will follow. Non mancate / Don’t miss it! Monday 15 August 2016 – 6.30pm for 7.00pm start GIROPIZZA DI FERRAGOSTO Venue: DOM’S Tavola Calda/Pizzeria, 40-42 Deansgate, Manchester M3 1RH Cost: £ 10 per person (excluding drinks/coffee) As we did in the past, our Society will celebrate Ferragosto with a GiroPizza. The ‘pizzaiolo’ will prepare several kinds of pizza – no need to order – and will serve them in slices, one after the other, until everyone has enough of it! When we stop he will prepare the pizza with Nutella as dessert. PLEASE NOTE: should you have allergies or be vegetarian you can order and pay separately for a pizza of your choice without being part of the GiroPizza. Kindly advise when booking. 1st rule: all people around the table must eat pizza. No other dish is allowed. 2nd rule: it has to be an evening of ‘parliamo italiano’…. even ‘poco’…. Places are limited to 24 people. Please book as soon as possible by sending us an email to dante@newfuture.org Origin of “Ferragosto” – The term Ferragosto derives from the Latin feriae Augusti (Augustus’ rest) indicating a festivity set up by the emperor Augustus in 18 BC which was an addition to the existing Roman festivals celebrating the end of the main agricultural tasks. During the celebrations, horse races were organised and labour animals were dispensed from work and decorated with flowers. Such ancient traditions are still alive today, virtually unchanged in their form and participation, during the “Palio dell’Assunta” which takes place on 16 August in Siena. The popular tradition of the Ferragosto trip arises during Fascism. Starting from the second half of the 1920s, in the mid-August period, the regime organised hundreds of popular trips, due to the setting up of the “People’s Trains of Ferragosto”, at hard discounted prices. The initiative gave the opportunity also to the less well-off social classes to visit Italian cities or to reach seaside and mountain resorts. Friday 20 May 2016 – 6.45 pm for 7.00 pm start Of Publishers, Poets, and Politicians: the story of the 1911 ‘Edizione Monumentale’ of the Divine Comedy‘ (the talk will be in English) This paper will tell the extraordinary story of a major initiative to produce a deluxe edition of Dante’ s Divina commedia in 1911 under the patronage of KIng Vittorio Emanuele III. The tale involves a cast of the great and good of Italian literature, scholarship, and publishing in the early 1900s and an expected connection with the ‘Manchester Dante Society’ which was founded in 1906. Involving rare books, court cases, and battleships, this talk will tell the story for the first time of how this famous landmark edition of Dante’s classic poem came into being. Speaker: Stephen Milner, Serena Professor of Italian, The University of Manchester Venue: Cross Street Chapel, Cross Street, Manchester M2 1NL The evening will close with a social gathering and some conversation in Italian over a glass of wine and nibbles. Admission: FREE for members and students – £ 3.00 for non-members * Sunday 22 May 2016 from 16:00 to 18:30 EMERGENCY EXIT – Young Italians Abroad Members and Friends of our Society are invited to attend the following film/documentary screening: Venue: RNCM Stage Door – Rosamond Street West, Manchester, M13 9RD Tickets £3.52 – Available from www.eventbrite.co.uk www.eventbrite.co.uk/e/emergency-exit-young-italians-abroad-film-screening–tickets-22493627044?utm_campaign=201308&ref=esfb&utm_source=Facebookenivtefor001 COM.IT.ES (Comitato degli Italiani all’Estero) Manchester presents ‘Emergency Exit’, a documentary project about Italy and the consequences of the last 20 years of politics on the young generation. A lot of young Italians leave their country every year and more than 90% of them are graduated and professionally skilled. They move away because of a lot of reason, but nobody in Italy seems to have the desire to listen or care for them. The director decided to start a trip: she travelled around six (and more) European countries, from Paris to London, Berlin, Wien, Bergen and Tenerife, finding young Italians who left Italy, looking for better opportunities of life and career. Six stories of ordinary separation, one question: what happened to Italy? The young director Brunella Filì will be present at the screening. The project has been officially selected to the VII Edition of Italian Doc Screenings, the most important documentary showcase in Italy. Other Official selections are: Festival del Cinema Europeo 2014, Madrid International Film Festival 2014 (Best Foreign Language Documentary Award), South Easter Film Festival 2015 (USA), Scarborough Film Festival – with the support of HotDocs (Toronto, Canada) and many more. * 19-26 JUNE 2016 MANCHESTER DAY AND FESTA ITALIA 2016 Keep your diary free from 19 to 26 June when Societa’ Dante Alighieri in Manchester will celebrate Italy with several events starting with the Manchester Day/Parade on Sunday 19 June when we will welcome back the SBANDIERATORI from Corinaldo (Marche). Check your mail near to the time! * Thursday 21 April 2016 – 5.00 to 7.00pm Members and Friends of our Society are invited to attend the Annual Herford Memorial Lecture in Italian Studies at the University of Manchester “Italy, Islam and the Islamic World from 9/11 to the Arab Uprisings” Speaker: Professor Charles Burdett (University of Bristol) Charles Burdett is Professor of Italian at the University of Bristol, and he is the Principal Investigator on the large grant, ‘Transnationalizing Modern Languages: Mobility, Identity and Translation in Modern Italian Cultures’ that is a beacon project for the AHRC’s ‘Translating Cultures’ theme. Venue: A7 Samuel Alexander Building, The University of Manchester Free admission. No need to pre-book. Further details can be found here: http://events.manchester.ac.uk/event/event:a1hd-ilnrsb8i-ze8bzk * Thursday 14 April at 6:30pm – Instituto Cervantes (326-330 Deansgate, Campfield Avenue Arcade, Manchester M3 4FN) Manchester European City of Science 2016 – European Round Table on Climate Change ‘The Paris Climate Talks: from commitments to action’ The Instituto Cervantes, the Societa’ Dante Alighieri and the Alliance Française are hosting a Round table on Climate Change. Experts from Italy, Spain and France will meet up to debate the contributions brought about by the COP21. What agreements were made? Which ones can truly be followed? Which ones are the most crucial? How will the transition from talks to actions occur? All these questions will be touched upon by our European experts: Isabel Douterelo – Isabel Douterelo is the Spanish guest speaker, invited by the Instituto Cervantes. She is a professor and researcher at Manchester Metropolitan University in the Department of Science and Environment. Her work focuses, among other things, on the microbial ecology of drinking water distribution systems. Monica Di Gregorio – Monica Di Gregorio will also attend the round table as the guest speaker for the Società Dante Alighieri. She is a Lecturer in Environmental Politics and Governance at the School of Earth and Environment, The University of Leeds. Her current research examines climate change politics and policy at the global and national level, with particular attention to the developing world. Cyril Caminade – Cyril Caminade will be the guest speaker for the Alliance Française. Cyril has obtained his PhD in climatology (climate change in sub-Saharan Africa) at CERFACS and at the Université Paul Sabatier in Toulouse in 2006. He joined a post-doctoral position at the University of Liverpool in 2008 and focused on modelling and mapping the risk of several key vector-borne diseases over Europe and Africa under climate change scenarios. Join us on 14 April for the debate and interact with our experts! Throughout the evening, you will also be invited to take a look at the “Climate, State of Emergency” photography exhibition. The Alliance Française Foundation organised a photography contest and the winning photographs will be displayed in several countries. These photographs will be exhibited at Instituto Cervantes. Wine and nibbles will be served after the round table discussion. For further information and bookings: prenman@cervantes.es or 0161 661 4201/02 Further details about the Round Table are available also on the following websites: http://manchestersciencecity.com/visit/event/round-table-discussion-on-climate-change/ http://www.afmanchester.org/Table-Ronde-Europeenne-sur-le-Climat?lang=en http://manchester.cervantes.es/FichasCultura/Ficha106009_44_2.htm Sunday 13 March 2016 – 3.00pm RNCM Theatre INSIEME ALL’OPERA: Cosi fan tutte – W A Mozart (This production will be performed in Italian with subtitles) Meeting point at the entrance, near the ticket office, at 2.30pm After the performance we can get together for a cappuccino or a glass of wine Tickets from £21 – Please contact Royal Northern College of Music – 0161 907 5200 – www.rncm.ac.uk ———- Roger Hamilton, conductor Thomas Guthris, director Antonio Tilli, Italian Language Coach “The bay of Naples. Sisters Fiordiligi and Dorabella are engaged to Guglielmo and Ferrando. The men trust their fiancées’ faithfulness implicitly but when their friend Don Alfonso tells them a woman’s fidelity is never guaranteed, he is challenged to prove his theory. So a wager is made. Don Alfonso tells the sisters that their sweethearts are to be sent away with their regiment. A tearful farewell follows. Then things really start to get complicated… Mozart’s opera is the great composer’s most divisive and controversial work. Deep down, Cosí provides a sharp reminder of how personal choice plays as important a part as fate in our relationships. It underlines how relationships can so often be fragile and tenuous, and in doing so, highlights our true human vulnerability.” ————————- Other performances’ dates: Wed 09, Fri 11, Tue 15 and Thu 17 March 2016 – 7.00pm RNCM Theatre Sat 19 March 2016 – 3.00pm RNCM Theatre LEARN MORE: Pre-opera talk Roger Hamilton offers a closer insight into the music and historical context of Mozart’s opera. Sun 13 Mar – 12pm, RNCM Theatre * Friday 11th March 2016 – 6.45pm for 7.00pm start SALENTO: TERRA DI SOLE, DI MARE E DI VENTO SALENTO: LAND OF SUN, SEA AND WIND A talk in English by Anna Maria Pisanelli – born in Specchia (Lecce) she’s a biologist who moved to UK in 1989 and worked at Manchester University as research associate The Salento is sun-kissed year round. Alongside art, excellent Mediterranean cuisine, and genuine hospitality, the area boasts a fabulous landscape, ranging from the Adriatic coast and the marinas of Melendugno, Santa Cesarea Terme and Otranto, to the Ionian Sea and towns like Porto Cesareo, Portoselvaggio and Gallipoli. A glass of Primitivo wine and nibbles will follow. Venue: Cross Street Chapel, Cross Street, Manchester M2 1NL Admission: £ 2.00 members £ 3.00 non-members *** *** KINOFILM FESTIVAL 22-28 FEBRUARY 2016 www.kinofilm.org.uk Manchester International Short Film Festival was established in 1995 and its focus is primarily on UK and European shorts. This year Societa’ Dante Alighieri, Instituto Cervantes and Alliance Francaise, in collaboration with KinoFilm, are proud to offer 3 evenings of Spanish, French and Italian shorts (24-26 February) Thursday 25 February 2016 – 6.00pm for 6.30PM start Venue: Instituto Cervantes, 326/330 Deansgate, Manchester M3 4FN Our society is delighted to have the director Marinos Kallikourdis as a special guest from Italy. Free admission. Reservation required: prenman@cervantes.es or 0161 6614201/6614212 The Alliance Française de Manchester and Societa’ Dante Alighieri Manchester invite you to an evening of French and Italian short films (with English subtitles). Q&A with Marinos Kallikourdis, director of two of the Italian shorts, will follow. The screening will be followed by a social gathering with French and Italian wines and nibbles. Join us at Cervantes also on Wednesday 24 February for an evening of Spanish short films. And on Friday 26 February don’t miss “Crossing borders”, a snapshot of Europe – Greek, Portuguese, Irish, Danish films! You can enjoy these short movies, with English subtitles, at the Cervantes. Booking required. ******* Friday 19 February 2016 – 7.30pm SERATA A CONCERTO – La Serenissima: The Four Seasons Join us for this unique chance to hear Vivaldi’s The Four Seasons, played on period instruments from the original manuscript of the music. 7.00pm: meeting point near the ticket office. Tickets: £25, £20, £15 – £7 student standby tickets available on the day (add £2 fee for online or phone booking) Please contact directly The Bridgewater Hall – 0161 907 9000 – www.bridgewater-hall.co.uk Vivaldi Concertos for Violin ‘in tromba marina’ in D & G (20’) Vivaldi Concertos for Bassoon in G & B-flat (20’) Vivaldi ‘Four Seasons’ (Manchester version) Concertos for Violin and Strings (40’) Adrian Chandler, violin/director – Peter Whelan, bassoon “The only surviving manuscript of these famed works is part of a collection of 95 Italian concertos held by Manchester’s Henry Watson Music Librar
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Wiki	https://military-history.fandom.com/wiki/Italy	{{Infobox country \| conventional_long_name = Italian Republic \| common_name = Italy \| native_name = Repubblica Italiana (it) Italy (Italian language: Italia [iˈtaːlja] ( listen)), officially the Italian Republic (Italian: Repubblica Italiana [reˈpubːlika itaˈljaːna]),[1][2][3][4] is a country consisting of a continental part, delimited by the Alps, a peninsula and several islands surrounding it. Italy is located in Southern Europe,[5][6] and is also considered part of Western Europe.[7][8] A unitary parliamentary republic with Rome as its capital, the country covers a total area of 301,340 km2 (116,350 sq mi) and shares land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino. Italy has a territorial enclave in Switzerland (Campione) and a maritime exclave in Tunisian waters (Lampedusa). With around 60 million inhabitants, Italy is the third-most populous member state of the European Union. Due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean, Italy has historically been home to myriad peoples and cultures. In addition to the various ancient peoples dispersed throughout what is now modern-day Italy, the most predominant being the Indo-European Italic peoples who gave the peninsula its name, beginning from the classical era, Phoenicians and Carthaginians founded colonies mostly in insular Italy,[9] Greeks established settlements in the so-called Magna Graecia of Southern Italy, while Etruscans and Celts inhabited central and northern Italy respectively. An Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC, which eventually became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People. The Roman Republic initially conquered and assimilated its neighbours on the Italian peninsula, eventually expanding and conquering parts of Europe, North Africa and Asia. By the first century BC, the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became a leading cultural, political and religious centre, inaugurating the Pax Romana, a period of more than 200 years during which Italy's law, technology, economy, art, and literature developed.[10][11] Italy remained the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the empire, whose legacy can also be observed in the global distribution of culture, governments, Christianity and the Latin script. During the Early Middle Ages, Italy endured the fall of the Western Roman Empire and barbarian invasions, but by the 11th century numerous rival city-states and maritime republics, mainly in the northern and central regions of Italy, rose to great prosperity through trade, commerce and banking, laying the groundwork for modern capitalism.[12] These mostly independent statelets served as Europe's main trading hubs with Asia and the Near East, often enjoying a greater degree of democracy than the larger feudal monarchies that were consolidating throughout Europe; however, part of central Italy was under the control of the theocratic Papal States, while Southern Italy remained largely feudal until the 19th century, partially as a result of a succession of Byzantine, Arab, Norman, Angevin, Aragonese and other foreign conquests of the region.[13] The Renaissance began in Italy and spread to the rest of Europe, bringing a renewed interest in humanism, science, exploration and art. Italian culture flourished, producing famous scholars, artists and polymaths. During the Middle Ages, Italian explorers discovered new routes to the Far East and the New World, helping to usher in the European Age of Discovery. Nevertheless, Italy's commercial and political power significantly waned with the opening of trade routes that bypassed the Mediterranean.[14] Centuries of foreign meddling and conquest and the rivalry and infighting between the Italian city-states, such as the Italian Wars of the 15th and 16th centuries, left Italy politically fragmented, and it was further conquered and divided among multiple foreign European powers over the centuries. By the mid-19th century, rising Italian nationalism and calls for independence from foreign control led to a period of revolutionary political upheaval. After centuries of foreign domination and political division, Italy was almost entirely unified in 1861, establishing the Kingdom of Italy as a great power.[15] From the late 19th century to the early 20th century, Italy rapidly industrialised, mainly in the north, and acquired a colonial empire,[16] while the south remained largely impoverished and excluded from industrialisation, fuelling a large and influential diaspora.[17] Despite being one of the four main allied powers in World War I, Italy entered a period of economic crisis and social turmoil, leading to the rise of the Italian fascist dictatorship in 1922. Participation in World War II on the Axis side ended in military defeat, economic destruction and the Italian Civil War. Following the liberation of Italy and the rise of the Italian Resistance, the country abolished their monarchy, established a democratic Republic, enjoyed a prolonged economic boom, and became a highly developed country.[18] Today, Italy is considered to be one of the world's most culturally and economically advanced countries,[18][19][20] with the world's eighth-largest economy by nominal GDP (third in the European Union), sixth-largest national wealth and third-largest central bank gold reserve. It ranks very highly in life expectancy, quality of life,[21] healthcare,[22] and education. The country plays a prominent role in regional and global economic, military, cultural and diplomatic affairs; it is both a regional power[23][24] and a great power,[25][26] and is ranked the world's eighth most-powerful military. Italy is a founding and leading member of the European Union and a member of numerous international institutions, including the United Nations, NATO, the OECD, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, the World Trade Organization, the Group of Seven, the G20, the Union for the Mediterranean, the Council of Europe, Uniting for Consensus, the Schengen Area and many more. The source of many inventions and discoveries, the country has long been a global centre of art, music, literature, philosophy, science and technology, and fashion, and has greatly influenced and contributed to diverse fields including cinema, cuisine, sports, jurisprudence, banking and business.[27] As a reflection of its cultural wealth, Italy is home to the world's largest number of World Heritage Sites (55), and is the fifth-most visited country. Name[] Main article: Name of Italy Hypotheses for the etymology of the name "Italia" are numerous.[28] One is that it was borrowed via Greek from the Oscan Víteliú 'land of calves' (cf. Lat vitulus "calf", Umb vitlo "calf").[29] Greek historian Dionysius of Halicarnassus states this account together with the legend that Italy was named after Italus,[30] mentioned also by Aristotle[31] and Thucydides.[32] According to Antiochus of Syracuse, the term Italy was used by the Greeks to initially refer only to the southern portion of the Bruttium peninsula corresponding to the modern province of Reggio and part of the provinces of Catanzaro and Vibo Valentia in southern Italy. Nevertheless, by his time the larger concept of Oenotria and "Italy" had become synonymous and the name also applied to most of Lucania as well. According to Strabo's Geographica, before the expansion of the Roman Republic, the name was used by Greeks to indicate the land between the strait of Messina and the line connecting the gulf of Salerno and gulf of Taranto, corresponding roughly to the current region of Calabria. The Greeks gradually came to apply the name "Italia" to a larger region[33] In addition to the "Greek Italy" in the south, historians have suggested the existence of an "Etruscan Italy" covering variable areas of central Italy.[34] The borders of Roman Italy, Italia, are better established. Cato's Origines, the first work of history composed in Latin, described Italy as the entire peninsula south of the Alps.[35] According to Cato and several Roman authors, the Alps formed the "walls of Italy".[36] In 264 BC, Roman Italy extended from the Arno and Rubicon rivers of the centre-north to the entire south. The northern area of Cisalpine Gaul was occupied by Rome in the 220s BC and became considered geographically and de facto part of Italy,[37] but remained politically and de jure separated. It was legally merged into the administrative unit of Italy in 42 BC by the triumvir Octavian as a ratification of Caesar's unpublished acts (Acta Caesaris).[38][39][40][41][42] The islands of Sardinia, Corsica, Sicily and Malta were added to Italy by Diocletian in 292 AD.[43] History[] Main article: History of Italy Prehistory and antiquity[] Main articles: Prehistoric Italy, Italic peoples, Etruscan civilisation, Magna Graecia, and Nuragic civilisation Thousands of Paleolithic-era artifacts have been recovered from Monte Poggiolo and dated to around 850,000 years before the present, making them the oldest evidence of first hominins habitation in the peninsula.[45] Excavations throughout Italy revealed a Neanderthal presence dating back to the Palaeolithic period some 200,000 years ago,[46] while modern Humans appeared about 40,000 years ago at Riparo Mochi.[47] Archaeological sites from this period include Addaura cave, Altamura, Ceprano, and Gravina in Puglia.[48] The Ancient peoples of pre-Roman Italy – such as the Umbrians, the Latins (from which the Romans emerged), Volsci, Oscans, Samnites, Sabines, the Celts, the Ligures, the Veneti, the Iapygians and many others – were Indo-European peoples, most of them specifically of the Italic group. The main historic peoples of possible non-Indo-European or pre-Indo-European heritage include the Etruscans of central and northern Italy, the Elymians and the Sicani in Sicily, and the prehistoric Sardinians, who gave birth to the Nuragic civilisation. Other ancient populations being of undetermined language families and of possible non-Indo-European origin include the Rhaetian people and Cammuni, known for their rock carvings in Valcamonica, the largest collections of prehistoric petroglyphs in the world.[49] A well-preserved natural mummy known as Ötzi the Iceman, determined to be 5,000 years old (between 3400 and 3100 BCE, Copper Age), was discovered in the Similaun glacier of South Tyrol in 1991.[50] The first foreign colonizers were the Phoenicians, who initially established colonies and founded various emporiums on the coasts of Sicily and Sardinia. Some of these soon became small urban centres and were developed parallel to the Greek colonies; among the main centres there were the cities of Motya, Zyz (modern Palermo), Soluntum in Sicily and Nora, Sulci, and Tharros in Sardinia.[51] Between the 17th and the 11th centuries BC Mycenaean Greeks established contacts with Italy[52][53][54][55] and in the 8th and 7th centuries BC a number of Greek colonies were established all along the coast of Sicily and the southern part of the Italian Peninsula, that became known as Magna Graecia. The Greek colonization placed the Italic peoples in contact with democratic government forms and with elevated artistic and cultural expressions.[56] Phoenician and Greek colonization[] See also: Colonies in antiquity The first foreign colonizers were the Phoenicians, who initially founded various emporiums on the coasts of Sicily and Sardinia. Some of these quickly become small urban centers and develop parallel to the Greek colonies; among the main centers are the cities of Mozia, Zyz, Kfra in Sicily and Nora, Sulci, Tharros in Sardinia.[57] After the eighth century BC, colonizers from Greece settled on the coasts of southern Italy giving life to Magna Graecia and those of Sicily. Ionian settlers founded Elaia, Kyme, Rhegion, Naxos, Zankles, Hymera and Katane. Doric colonists founded Taras, Syrakousai, Megara Hyblaia, Leontinoi, Akragas, Ghelas; the Syracusans founded Ankón and Adria; the megarese founded Selinunte. The Achaeans founded Sybaris, Poseidonia, Kroton, Lokroi Epizephyrioi and Metapontum; tarantini and thuriots found Herakleia. The Greek colonization places the Italic peoples in contact with democratic forms of government and with high artistic and cultural expressions.[58] Ancient Rome[] Main article: Ancient Rome Further information: Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic, and Roman Empire Rome, a settlement around a ford on the river Tiber in central Italy conventionally founded in 753 BC, was ruled for a period of 244 years by a monarchical system, initially with sovereigns of Latin and Sabine origin, later by Etruscan kings. The tradition handed down seven kings: Romulus, Numa Pompilius, Tullus Hostilius, Ancus Marcius, Tarquinius Priscus, Servius Tullius and Tarquinius Superbus. In 509 BC, the Romans expelled the last king from their city, favouring a government of the Senate and the People (SPQR) and establishing an oligarchic republic. The Italian Peninsula, named Italia, was consolidated into a single entity during the Roman expansion and conquest of new lands at the expense of the other Italic tribes, Etruscans, Celts, and Greeks. A permanent association with most of the local tribes and cities was formed, and Rome began the conquest of Western Europe, Northern Africa and the Middle East. In the wake of Julius Caesar's rise and death in the first century BC, Rome grew over the course of centuries into a massive empire stretching from Britain to the borders of Persia, and engulfing the whole Mediterranean basin, in which Greek and Roman and many other cultures merged into a unique civilisation. The long and triumphant reign of the first emperor, Augustus, began a golden age of peace and prosperity. Italy remained the metropole of the empire, and as the homeland of the Romans and the territory of the capital, maintained a special status which made it "not a province, but the Domina (ruler) of the provinces".[59] More than two centuries of stability followed, during which Italy was referred to as the rectrix mundi (queen of the world) and omnium terrarum parens (motherland of all lands).[60] The Roman Empire was among the most powerful economic, cultural, political and military forces in the world of its time, and it was one of the largest empires in world history. At its height under Trajan, it covered 5 million square kilometres.[61][62] The Roman legacy has deeply influenced the Western civilisation, shaping most of the modern world; among the many legacies of Roman dominance are the widespread use of the Romance languages derived from Latin, the numerical system, the modern Western alphabet and calendar, and the emergence of Christianity as a major world religion.[63] The Indo-Roman trade relations, beginning around the 1st century BCE, testifies to extensive Roman trade in far away regions; many reminders of the commercial trade between the Indian subcontinent and Italy have been found, such as the ivory statuette Pompeii Lakshmi from the ruins of Pompeii. In a slow decline since the third century AD, the Empire split in two in 395 AD. The Western Empire, under the pressure of the barbarian invasions, eventually dissolved in 476 AD when its last emperor, Romulus Augustulus, was deposed by the Germanic chief Odoacer. The Eastern half of the Empire survived for another thousand years. Middle Ages[] Main article: Italy in the Middle Ages See also: Barbarian kingdoms After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, Italy fell under the power of Odoacer's kingdom, and, later, was seized by the Ostrogoths,[64] followed in the 6th century by a brief reconquest under Byzantine Emperor Justinian. The invasion of another Germanic tribe, the Lombards, late in the same century, reduced the Byzantine presence to the rump realm of the Exarchate of Ravenna and started the end of political unity of the peninsula for the next 1,300 years. Invasions of the peninsula caused a chaotic succession of barbarian kingdoms and the so-called "dark ages". The Lombard kingdom was subsequently absorbed into the Frankish Empire by Charlemagne in the late 8th century. The Franks also helped the formation of the Papal States in central Italy. Until the 13th century, Italian politics was dominated by the relations between the Holy Roman Emperors and the Papacy, with most of the Italian city-states siding with the former (Ghibellines) or with the latter (Guelphs) from momentary convenience.[65] The Germanic Emperor and the Roman Pontiff became the universal powers of medieval Europe. However, the conflict for the investiture controversy (a conflict over two radically different views of whether secular authorities such as kings, counts, or dukes, had any legitimate role in appointments to ecclesiastical offices) and the clash between Guelphs and Ghibellines led to the end of the Imperial-feudal system in the north of Italy where city-states gained independence. It was during this chaotic era that Italian towns saw the rise of a peculiar institution, the medieval commune. Given the power vacuum caused by extreme territorial fragmentation and the struggle between the Empire and the Holy See, local communities sought autonomous ways to maintain law and order.[67] The investiture controversy was finally resolved by the Concordat of Worms. In 1176 a league of city-states, the Lombard League, defeated the German emperor Frederick Barbarossa at the Battle of Legnano, thus ensuring effective independence for most of northern and central Italian cities. Italian city-states such as Milan, Florence and Venice played a crucial innovative role in financial development, devising the main instruments and practices of banking and the emergence of new forms of social and economic organization.[68] In coastal and southern areas, the maritime republics grew to eventually dominate the Mediterranean and monopolise trade routes to the Orient. They were independent thalassocratic city-states, though most of them originated from territories once belonging to the Byzantine Empire. All these cities during the time of their independence had similar systems of government in which the merchant class had considerable power. Although in practice these were oligarchical, and bore little resemblance to a modern democracy, the relative political freedom they afforded was conducive to academic and artistic advancement.[69] The four best known maritime republics were Venice, Genoa, Pisa and Amalfi; the others were Ancona, Gaeta, Noli, and Ragusa.[70][71][72] Each of the maritime republics had dominion over different overseas lands, including many Mediterranean islands (especially Sardinia and Corsica), lands on the Adriatic, Aegean, and Black Sea (Crimea), and commercial colonies in the Near East and in North Africa. Venice maintained enormous tracts of land in Greece, Cyprus, Istria and Dalmatia until as late as the mid-17th century.[73] Venice and Genoa were Europe's main gateway to trade with the East, and a producer of fine glass, while Florence was a capital of silk, wool, banks and jewellery. The wealth such business brought to Italy meant that large public and private artistic projects could be commissioned. The republics were heavily involved in the Crusades, providing support and transport, but most especially taking advantage of the political and trading opportunities resulting from these wars.[69] Italy first felt huge economic changes in Europe which led to the commercial revolution: the Republic of Venice was able to defeat the Byzantine Empire and finance the voyages of Marco Polo to Asia; the first universities were formed in Italian cities, and scholars such as Thomas Aquinas obtained international fame; Frederick of Sicily made Italy the political-cultural centre of a reign that temporarily included the Holy Roman Empire and the Kingdom of Jerusalem; capitalism and banking families emerged in Florence, where Dante and Giotto were active around 1300.[12] In the south, Sicily had become an Islamic emirate in the 9th century, thriving until the Italo-Normans conquered it in the late 11th century together with most of the Lombard and Byzantine principalities of southern Italy.[74] Through a complex series of events, southern Italy developed as a unified kingdom, first under the House of Hohenstaufen, then under the Capetian House of Anjou and, from the 15th century, the House of Aragon. In Sardinia, the former Byzantine provinces became independent states known in Italian as Judicates, although some parts of the island fell under Genoese or Pisan rule until the eventual Aragonese annexation in the 15th century. The Black Death pandemic of 1348 left its mark on Italy by killing perhaps one third of the population.[75][76] However, the recovery from the plague led to a resurgence of cities, trade and economy which allowed the bloom of Humanism and Renaissance, that later spread to Europe. Early Modern[] Main articles: Italian Renaissance, Italian Wars, and History of Italy (1559–1814) Italy was the birthplace and heart of the Renaissance during the 1400s and 1500s. The Italian Renaissance marked the transition from the medieval period to the modern age as Europe recovered, economically and culturally, from the crises of the Late Middle Ages and entered the Early Modern Period. The Italian polities were now regional states effectively ruled by Princes, de facto monarchs in control of trade and administration, and their courts became major centres of Arts and Sciences. The Italian princedoms represented a first form of modern states as opposed to feudal monarchies and multinational empires. The princedoms were led by political dynasties and merchant families such as the Medici in Florence, the Visconti and Sforza in the Duchy of Milan, the Doria in the Republic of Genoa, the Mocenigo and Barbarigo in the Republic of Venice, the Este in Ferrara, and the Gonzaga in Mantua.[77][78] The Renaissance was therefore a result of the great wealth accumulated by Italian merchant cities combined with the patronage of its dominant families.[77] Italian Renaissance exercised a dominant influence on subsequent European painting and sculpture for centuries afterwards, with artists such as Leonardo da Vinci, Brunelleschi, Botticelli, Michelangelo, Raphael, Giotto, Donatello, and Titian, and architects such as Filippo Brunelleschi, Leon Battista Alberti, Andrea Palladio, and Donato Bramante. Following the conclusion of the western schism in favour of Rome at the Council of Constance (1415–1417), the new Pope Martin V returned to the Papal States after a three years-long journey that touched many Italian cities and restored Italy as the sole centre of Western Christianity. During the course of this voyage, the Medici Bank was made the official credit institution of the Papacy and several significant ties were established between the Church and the new political dynasties of the peninsula. The Popes' status as elective monarchs turned the conclaves and consistories of the Renaissance into political battles between the courts of Italy for primacy in the peninsula and access to the immense resources of the Catholic Church. In 1439, Pope Eugenius IV and the Byzantine Emperor John VIII Palaiologos signed a reconciliation agreement between the Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church at the Council of Florence hosted by Cosimo the old de Medici. In 1453, Italian forces under Giovanni Giustiniani were sent by Pope Nicholas V to defend the Walls of Constantinople but the decisive battle was lost to the more advanced Turkish army equipped with cannons, and Byzantium fell to Sultan Mehmed II. The fall of Constantinople led to the migration of Greek scholars and texts to Italy, fueling the rediscovery of Greco-Roman Humanism.[79][80][81] Humanist rulers such as Federico da Montefeltro and Pope Pius II worked to establish ideal cities where man is the measure of all things, and therefore founded Urbino and Pienza respectively. Pico della Mirandola wrote the Oration on the Dignity of Man, considered the manifesto of Renaissance Humanism, in which he stressed the importance of free will in human beings. The humanist historian Leonardo Bruni was the first to divide human history in three periods: Antiquity, Middle Ages and Modernity.[82] The second consequence of the Fall of Constantinople was the beginning of the Age of Discovery. Italian explorers and navigators from the dominant maritime republics, eager to find an alternative route to the Indies in order to bypass the Ottoman Empire, offered their services to monarchs of Atlantic countries and played a key role in ushering the Age of Discovery and the European colonization of the Americas. The most notable among them were: Christopher Columbus, colonizer in the name of Spain, who is credited with discovering the New World and the opening of the Americas for conquest and settlement by Europeans;[83] John Cabot, sailing for England, who was the first European to set foot in "New Found Land" and explore parts of the North American continent in 1497;[84] Amerigo Vespucci, sailing for Portugal, who first demonstrated in about 1501 that the New World (in particular Brazil) was not Asia as initially conjectured, but a fourth continent previously unknown to people of the Old World (America is named after him); and Giovanni da Verrazzano, at the service of France, renowned as the first European to explore the Atlantic coast of North America between Florida and New Brunswick in 1524;[87] Following the fall of Constantinople, the wars in Lombardy came to an end and a defensive alliance known as Italic League was formed between Venice, Naples, Florence, Milan, and the Papacy. Lorenzo the Magnificent de Medici was the greatest Florentine patron of the Renaissance and supporter of the Italic League. He notably avoided the collapse of the League in the aftermath of the Pazzi Conspiracy and during the aborted invasion of Italy by the Turks. However, the military campaign of Charles VIII of France in Italy caused the end of the Italic League and initiated the Italian Wars between the Valois and the Habsburgs. During the High Renaissance of the 1500s, Italy was therefore both the main European battleground and the cultural-economic centre of the continent. Popes such as Julius II (1503–1513) fought for the control of Italy against foreign monarchs, others such as Paul III (1534–1549) preferred to mediate between the European powers in order to secure peace in Italy. In the middle of this conflict, the Medici popes Leo X (1513–1521) and Clement VII (1523–1534) opposed the Protestant reformation and advanced the interests of their family. The end of the wars ultimately left northern Italy indirectly subject to the Austrian Habsburgs and Southern Italy under direct Spanish Habsburg rule. The Papacy remained independent and launched the Counter-reformation. Key events of the period include: the Council of Trent (1545–1563); the excommunication of Elizabeth I (1570) and the Battle of Lepanto (1571), both occurring during the pontificate of Pius V; the construction of the Gregorian observatory, the adoption of the Gregorian calendar, and the Jesuit China mission of Matteo Ricci under Pope Gregory XIII; the French Wars of Religion; the Long Turkish War and the execution of Giordano Bruno in 1600, under Pope Clement VIII; the birth of the Lyncean Academy of the Papal States, of which the main figure was Galileo Galilei (later put on trial); the final phases of the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) during the pontificates of Urban VIII and Innocent X; and the formation of the last Holy League by Innocent XI during the Great Turkish War The Italian economy declined during the 1600s and 1700s, as the peninsula was excluded from the rising Atlantic slave trade. Following the European wars of succession of the 18th century, the south passed to a cadet branch of the Spanish Bourbons and the North fell under the influence of the Habsburg-Lorraine of Austria. During the Coalition Wars, northern-central Italy was reorganised by Napoleon in a number of Sister Republics of France and later as a Kingdom of Italy in personal union with the French Empire.[88] The southern half of the peninsula was administered by Joachim Murat, Napoleon's brother-in-law, who was crowned as King of Naples. The 1814 Congress of Vienna restored the situation of the late 18th century, but the ideals of the French Revolution could not be eradicated, and soon re-surfaced during the political upheavals that characterised the first part of the 19th century. Italian unification[] Main article: Italian unification The birth of the Kingdom of Italy was the result of efforts by Italian nationalists and monarchists loyal to the House of Savoy to establish a united kingdom encompassing the entire Italian Peninsula. Following the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the political and social Italian unification movement, or Risorgimento, emerged to unite Italy consolidating the different states of the peninsula and liberate it from foreign control. A prominent radical figure was the patriotic journalist Giuseppe Mazzini, member of the secret revolutionary society Carbonari and founder of the influential political movement Young Italy in the early 1830s, who favoured a unitary republic and advocated a broad nationalist movement. His prolific output of propaganda helped the unification movement stay active. The most famous member of Young Italy was the revolutionary and general Giuseppe Garibaldi, renowned for his extremely loyal followers,[91] who led the Italian republican drive for unification in Southern Italy. However, the Northern Italy monarchy of the House of Savoy in the Kingdom of Sardinia, whose government was led by Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, also had ambitions of establishing a united Italian state. In the context of the 1848 liberal revolutions that swept through Europe, an unsuccessful first war of independence was declared on Austria. In 1855, the Kingdom of Sardinia became an ally of Britain and France in the Crimean War, giving Cavour's diplomacy legitimacy in the eyes of the great powers.[92][93] The Kingdom of Sardinia again attacked the Austrian Empire in the Second Italian War of Independence of 1859, with the aid of France, resulting in liberating Lombardy. In 1860–1861, Garibaldi led the drive for unification in Naples and Sicily (the Expedition of the Thousand),[94] while the House of Savoy troops occupied the central territories of the Italian peninsula, except Rome and part of Papal States. Teano was the site of the famous meeting of 26 October 1860 between Giuseppe Garibaldi and Victor Emmanuel II, last King of Sardinia, in which Garibaldi shook Victor Emanuel's hand and hailed him as King of Italy; thus, Garibaldi sacrificed republican hopes for the sake of Italian unity under a monarchy. Cavour agreed to include Garibaldi's Southern Italy allowing it to join the union with the Kingdom of Sardinia in 1860. This allowed the Sardinian government to declare a united Italian kingdom on 17 March 1861.[95] Victor Emmanuel II then became the first king of a united Italy, and the capital was moved from Turin to Florence. In 1866, Victor Emmanuel II allied with Prussia during the Austro-Prussian War, waging the Third Italian War of Independence which allowed Italy to annexe Venetia. Finally, in 1870, as France abandoned its garrisons in Rome during the disastrous Franco-Prussian War to keep the large Prussian Army at bay, the Italians rushed to fill the power gap by taking over the Papal States. Italian unification was completed and shortly afterwards Italy's capital was moved to Rome. Victor Emmanuel, Garibaldi, Cavour and Mazzini have been referred as Italy's Four Fathers of the Fatherland.[89] Monarchical period[] The new Kingdom of Italy obtained Great Power status. The Constitutional Law of the Kingdom of Sardinia the Albertine Statute of 1848, was extended to the whole Kingdom of Italy in 1861, and provided for basic freedoms of the new State, but electoral laws excluded the non-propertied and uneducated classes from voting. The government of the new kingdom took place in a framework of parliamentary constitutional monarchy dominated by liberal forces. As Northern Italy quickly industrialised, the South and rural areas of the North remained underdeveloped and overpopulated, forcing millions of people to migrate abroad and fuelling a large and influential diaspora. The Italian Socialist Party constantly increased in strength, challenging the traditional liberal and conservative establishment. Starting from the last two decades of the 19th century, Italy developed into a colonial power by forcing under its rule Eritrea and Somalia in East Africa, Tripolitania and Cyrenaica in North Africa (later unified in the colony of Libya) and the Dodecanese islands.[96] From 2 November 1899 to 7 September 1901, Italy also participated as part of the Eight-Nation Alliance forces during the Boxer Rebellion in China; on 7 September 1901, a concession in Tientsin was ceded to the country, and on 7 June 1902, the concession was taken into Italian possession and administered by a consul. In 1913, male universal suffrage was adopted. The pre-war period dominated by Giovanni Giolitti, Prime Minister five times between 1892 and 1921, was characterized by the economic, industrial and political-cultural modernization of Italian society. Italy entered into the First World War in 1915 with the aim of completing national unity: for this reason, the Italian intervention in the First World War is also considered the Fourth Italian War of Independence,[97] in a historiographical perspective that identifies in the latter the conclusion of the unification of Italy, whose military actions began during the revolutions of 1848 with the First Italian War of Independence.[98][99] Italy, nominally allied with the German Empire and the Empire of Austria-Hungary in the Triple Alliance, in 1915 joined the Allies into World War I with a promise of substantial territorial gains, that included western Inner Carniola, former Austrian Littoral, Dalmatia as well as parts of the Ottoman Empire. The country gave a fundamental contribution to the victory of the conflict as one of the "Big Four" top Allied powers. The war was initially inconclusive, as the Italian army got stuck in a long attrition war in the Alps, making little progress and suffering very heavy losses. However, the reorganization of the army and the conscription of the so-called '99 Boys (Ragazzi del '99, all males born in 1899 who were turning 18) led to more effective Italian victories in major battles, such as on Monte Grappa and in a series of battles on the Piave river. Eventually, in October 1918, the Italians launched a massive offensive, culminating in the victory of Vittorio Veneto. The Italian victory[100][101][102] marked the end of the war on the Italian Front, secured the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and was chiefly instrumental in ending the First World War less than two weeks later. During the war, more than 650,000 Italian soldiers and as many civilians died[103] and the kingdom went to the brink of bankruptcy. The Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919) and the Treaty of Rapallo (1920) allowed the annexation of Trentino Alto-Adige, Julian March, Istria, Kvarner as well as the Dalmatian city of Zara. The subsequent Treaty of Rome (1924) led to the annexation of the city of Fiume to Italy. Italy did not receive other territories promised by the 191, so this outcome was denounced as a "Mutilated victory". The rhetoric of "Mutilated victory" was adopted by Benito Mussolini and led to the rise of Italian fascism, becoming a key point in the propaganda of Fascist Italy. Historians regard "Mutilated victory" as a "political myth", used by fascists to fuel Italian imperialism and obscure the successes of liberal Italy in the aftermath of World War I.[104] Italy also gained a permanent seat in the League of Nations's executive council. Fascist regime[] Main articles: Italian Fascism, Fascist Italy (1922–1943), Italian irredentism, and Military history of Italy during World War II The socialist agitations that followed the devastation of the Great War, inspired by the Russian Revolution, led to counter-revolution and repression throughout Italy. The liberal establishment, fearing a Soviet-style revolution, started to endorse the small National Fascist Party, led by Benito Mussolini. In October 1922 the Blackshirts of the National Fascist Party attempted a coup named the "March on Rome" which failed but at the last minute, King Victor Emmanuel III refused to proclaim a state of siege and appointed Mussolini prime minister. Over the next few years, Mussolini banned all political parties and curtailed personal liberties, thus forming a dictatorship. These actions attracted international attention and eventually inspired similar dictatorships such as Nazi Germany and Francoist Spain. Italian Fascism is based upon Italian nationalism and in particular seeks to complete what it considers as the incomplete project of Risorgimento by incorporating Italia Irredenta (unredeemed Italy) into the state of Italy.[105][106] To the east of Italy, the Fascists claimed that Dalmatia was a land of Italian culture whose Italians, including those of Italianized South Slavic descent, had been driven out of Dalmatia and into exile in Italy, and supported the return of Italians of Dalmatian heritage.[107] Mussolini identified Dalmatia as having strong Italian cultural roots for centuries via the Roman Empire and the Republic of Venice.[108] To the west of Italy, the Fascists claimed that the territories of Corsica, Nice and Savoy held by France were Italian lands.[109][110] The Fascist regime produced literature on Corsica that presented evidence of the island's italianità.[111] The Fascist regime produced literature on Nice that justified that Nice was an Italian land based on historic, ethnic and linguistic grounds.[111] In 1935, Mussolini invaded Ethiopia and founded the Italian East Africa, resulting in an international alienation and leading to Italy's withdrawal from the League of Nations; Italy allied with Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan and strongly supported Francisco Franco in the Spanish civil war. In 1939, Italy annexed Albania, a de facto protectorate for decades. Italy entered World War II on 10 June 1940. After initially advancing in British Somaliland, Egypt, the Balkans and eastern fronts, the Italians were defeated in East Africa, Soviet Union and North Africa. The Armistice of Villa Giusti, which ended fighting between Italy and Austria-Hungary at the end of World War I, resulted in Italian annexation of neighbouring parts of Yugoslavia. During the interwar period, the fascist Italian government undertook a campaign of Italianisation in the areas it annexed, which suppressed Slavic language, schools, political parties, and cultural institutions. During World War II, Italian war crimes included extrajudicial killings and ethnic cleansing[112] by deportation of about 25,000 people, mainly Jews, Croats, and Slovenians, to the Italian concentration camps, such as Rab, Gonars, Monigo, Renicci di Anghiari and elsewhere. In Italy and Yugoslavia, unlike in Germany, few war crimes were prosecuted.[113][114][115][116] Yugoslav Partisans perpetrated their own crimes against the Italians during and after the war, including the foibe killings. An Allied invasion of Sicily began in July 1943, leading to the collapse of the Fascist regime and the fall of Mussolini on 25 July. Mussolini was deposed and arrested by order of King Victor Emmanuel III in co-operation with the majority of the members of the Grand Council of Fascism, which passed a motion of no confidence. On 8 September, Italy signed the Armistice of Cassibile, ending its war with the Allies. The Germans helped by the Italian fascists shortly succeeded in taking control of northern and central Italy. The country remained a battlefield for the rest of the war, as the Allies were slowly moving up from the south. In the north, the Germans set up the Italian Social Republic (RSI), a Nazi puppet state with Mussolini installed as leader after he was rescued by German paratroopers. Some Italian troops in the south were organized into the Italian Co-belligerent Army, which fought alongside the Allies for the rest of the war, while other Italian troops, loyal to Mussolini and his RSI, continued to fight alongside the Germans in the National Republican Army. As result, the country descended into civil war. Also, the post-armistice period saw the rise of a large anti-fascist resistance movement, the Resistenza, which fought a guerilla war against the German and RSI forces. In late April 1945, with total defeat looming, Mussolini attempted to escape north,[117] but was captured and summarily executed near Lake Como by Italian partisans. His body was then taken to Milan, where it was hung upside down at a service station for public viewing and to provide confirmation of his demise.[118] Hostilities ended on 29 April 1945, when the German forces in Italy surrendered. Nearly half a million Italians (including civilians) died in the conflict,[119] and the Italian economy had been all but destroyed; per capita income in 1944 was at its lowest point since the beginning of the 20th century.[120] Republican Italy[] Main article: History of the Italian Republic Italy became a republic after a referendum[121] held on 2 June 1946, a day celebrated since as Republic Day. This was also the first time that Italian women were entitled to vote.[122] Victor Emmanuel III's son, Umberto II, was forced to abdicate and exiled. The Republican Constitution was approved on 1 January 1948. Under the Treaty of Peace with Italy, 1947, Istria, Kvarner, most of the Julian March as well as the Dalmatian city of Zara was annexed by Yugoslavia causing the Istrian-Dalmatian exodus, which led to the emigration of between 230,000 and 350,000 of ethnic Italians (Istrian Italians and Dalmatian Italians). Later, the Free Territory of Trieste was divided between the two states. Italy also lost all of its colonial possessions, formally ending the Italian Empire. In 1950, Italian Somaliland was made a United Nations Trust Territory under Italian administration until 1 July 1960. The Italian border that applies today has existed since 1975, when Trieste was formally re-annexed to Italy. Fears of a possible Communist takeover (especially in the United States) proved crucial for the first universal suffrage electoral outcome on 18 April 1948, when the Christian Democrats, under the leadership of Alcide De Gasperi, obtained a landslide victory.[123][124] Consequently, in 1949 Italy became a member of NATO. The Marshall Plan helped to revive the Italian economy which, until the late 1960s, enjoyed a period of sustained economic growth commonly called the "Economic Miracle". In 1957, Italy was a founding member of the European Economic Community (EEC), which became the European Union (EU) in 1993. From the late 1960s until the early 1980s, the country experienced the Years of Lead, a period characterised by economic crisis (especially after the 1973 oil crisis), widespread social conflicts and terrorist massacres carried out by opposing extremist groups, with the alleged involvement of US and Soviet intelligence.[125][126][127] The Years of Lead culminated in the assassination of the Christian Democrat leader Aldo Moro in 1978 and the Bologna railway station massacre in 1980, where 85 people died. In the 1980s, for the first time since 1945, two governments were led by non-Christian-Democrat premiers: one republican (Giovanni Spadolini) and one socialist (Bettino Craxi); the Christian Democrats remained, however, the main government party. During Craxi's government, the economy recovered and Italy became the world's fifth-largest industrial nation after it gained the entry into the Group of Seven in the 1970s. However, as a result of his spending policies, the Italian national debt skyrocketed during the Craxi era, soon passing 100% of the country's GDP. Italy faced several terror attacks between 1992 and 1993 perpetrated by the Sicilian Mafia as a consequence of several life sentences pronounced during the "Maxi Trial", and of the new anti-mafia measures launched by the government. In 1992, two major dynamite attacks killed the judges Giovanni Falcone (23 May in the Capaci bombing) and Paolo Borsellino (19 July in the Via D'Amelio bombing).[128] One year later (May–July 1993), tourist spots were attacked, such as the Via dei Georgofili in Florence, Via Palestro in Milan, and the Piazza San Giovanni in Laterano and Via San Teodoro in Rome, leaving 10 dead and 93 injured and causing severe damage to cultural heritage such as the Uffizi Gallery. The Catholic Church openly condemned the Mafia, and two churches were bombed and an anti-Mafia priest shot dead in Rome.[129][130][131] Also in the early 1990s, Italy faced significant challenges, as voters – disenchanted with political paralysis, massive public debt and the extensive corruption system (known as Tangentopoli) uncovered by the Clean Hands (Mani Pulite) investigation – demanded radical reforms. The scandals involved all major parties, but especially those in the government coalition: the Christian Democrats, who ruled for almost 50 years, underwent a severe crisis and eventually disbanded, splitting up into several factions.[132] The Communists reorganised as a social-democratic force. During the 1990s and the 2000s, centre-right (dominated by media magnate Silvio Berlusconi) and centre-left coalitions (led by university professor Romano Prodi) alternately governed the country. Amidst the Great Recession, Berlusconi resigned in 2011, and his conservative government was replaced by the technocratic cabinet of Mario Monti.[133] Following the 2013 general election, the Vice-Secretary of the Democratic Party Enrico Letta formed a new government at the head of a right-left Grand coalition. In 2014, challenged by the new Secretary of the PD Matteo Renzi, Letta resigned and was replaced by Renzi. The new government started important constitutional reforms such as the abolition of the Senate and a new electoral law. On 4 December the constitutional reform was rejected in a referendum and Renzi resigned; the Foreign Affairs Minister Paolo Gentiloni was appointed new Prime Minister.[134] In the European migrant crisis of the 2010s, Italy was the entry point and leading destination for most asylum seekers entering the EU. From 2013 to 2018, the country took in over 700,000 migrants and refugees,[135] mainly from sub-Saharan Africa,[136] which caused great strain on the public purse and a surge in the support for far-right or eurosceptic political parties.[137][138] The 2018 general election was characterized by a strong showing of the Five Star Movement and the League and the university professor Giuseppe Conte became the Prime Minister at the head of a populist coalition between these two parties.[139] However, after only fourteen months the League withdrew its support to Conte, who formed a new unprecedented government coalition between the Five Star Movement and the centre-left.[140][141] In 2020, Italy was severely hit by the COVID-19 pandemic.[142] From March to May, Conte's government imposed a national lockdown as a measure to limit the spread of the disease,[143][144] while further restrictions were introduced during the following winter.[145] The measures, despite being widely approved by the public opinion,[146] were also described as the largest suppression of constitutional rights in the history of the republic.[147][148] With more than 110,000 confirmed victims, Italy was one of the countries with the highest total number of deaths in the worldwide coronavirus pandemic.[149] The pandemic caused also a severe economic disruption, in which Italy resulted as one of the most affected countries.[150] In February 2021, after a government crisis within his majority, Conte was forced to resign and Mario Draghi, former president of the European Central Bank, formed a national unity government supported by almost all the main parties,[151] pledging to oversee implementation of economic stimulus to face the crisis caused by the pandemic.[152] Geography[] Main article: Geography of Italy Italy is located in Southern Europe (it is also considered a part of western Europe)[7] between latitudes 35° and 47° N, and longitudes 6° and 19° E. To the north, Italy borders France, Switzerland, Austria, and Slovenia and is roughly delimited by the Alpine watershed, enclosing the Po Valley and the Venetian Plain. To the south, it consists of the entirety of the Italian Peninsula and the two Mediterranean islands of Sicily and Sardinia (the two biggest islands of the Mediterranean), in addition to many smaller islands. The sovereign states of San Marino and the Vatican City are enclaves within Italy,[153][154] while Campione d'Italia is an Italian exclave in Switzerland.[155] The country's total area is 301,230 square kilometres (116,306 sq mi), of which 294,020 km2 (113,522 sq mi) is land and 7,210 km2 (2,784 sq mi) is water.[156] Including the islands, Italy has a coastline and border of 7,600 kilometres (4,722 miles) on the Adriatic, Ionian, Tyrrhenian seas (740 km (460 mi)), and borders shared with France (488 km (303 mi)), Austria (430 km (267 mi)), Slovenia (232 km (144 mi)) and Switzerland (740 km (460 mi)). San Marino (39 km (24 mi)) and Vatican City (3.2 km (2.0 mi)), both enclaves, account for the remainder.[156] Over 35% of the Italian territory is mountainous.[157] The Apennine Mountains form the peninsula's backbone, and the Alps form most of its northern boundary, where Italy's highest point is located on Mont Blanc (Monte Bianco) (4,810 m or 15,780 ft).[note 1] Other worldwide-known mountains in Italy include the Matterhorn (Monte Cervino), Monte Rosa, Gran Paradiso in the West Alps, and Bernina, Stelvio and Dolomites along the eastern side. The Po, Italy's longest river (652 kilometres or 405 miles), flows from the Alps on the western border with France and crosses the Padan plain on its way to the Adriatic Sea. The Po Valley is the largest plain in Italy, with 46,000 km2 (18,000 sq mi), and it represents over 70% of the total plain area in the country.[157] Many elements of the Italian territory are of volcanic origin. Most of the small islands and archipelagos in the south, like Capraia, Ponza, Ischia, Eolie, Ustica and Pantelleria are volcanic islands. There are also active volcanoes: Mount Etna in Sicily (the largest active volcano in Europe), Vulcano, Stromboli, and Vesuvius (the only active volcano on mainland Europe). The five largest lakes are, in order of diminishing size:[158] Garda (367.94 km2 or 142 sq mi), Maggiore (212.51 km2 or 82 sq mi, whose minor northern part is Switzerland), Como (145.9 km2 or 56 sq mi), Trasimeno (124.29 km2 or 48 sq mi) and Bolsena (113.55 km2 or 44 sq mi). Although the country includes the Italian peninsula, adjacent islands, and most of the southern Alpine basin, some of Italy's territory extends beyond the Alpine basin and some islands are located outside the Eurasian continental shelf. These territories are the comuni of: Livigno, Sexten, Innichen, Toblach (in part), Chiusaforte, Tarvisio, Graun im Vinschgau (in part), which are all part of the Danube's drainage basin, while the Val di Lei constitutes part of the Rhine's basin and the islands of Lampedusa and Lampione are on the African continental shelf. Waters[] See also: List of rivers of Italy and List of lakes of Italy Four different seas surround the Italian Peninsula in the Mediterranean Sea from three sides: the Adriatic Sea in the east, the Ionian Sea in the south,[160] and the Ligurian Sea and the Tyrrhenian Sea in the west.[161] Including islands, Italy has a coastline of 7,900 km.[162][163][164] Italian coasts include the Amalfi Coast, Cilentan Coast, Coast of the Gods, Costa Verde, Riviera delle Palme, Riviera del Brenta, Costa Smeralda and Trabocchi Coast. The Italian Riviera includes nearly all of the coastline of Liguria, extending from the border with France near Ventimiglia eastwards to Capo Corvo, which marks the eastern end of the Gulf of La Spezia.[165][166] The Apennines run along the entire length of the peninsula, dividing the waters into two opposite sides. On the other hand, the rivers are numerous due to the relative abundance of rains and to the presence of the Alpine chain in northern Italy with snowfields and glaciers. The fundamental watershed follows the ridge of the Alps and the Apennines and delimits five main slopes, corresponding to the seas into which the rivers flow: the Adriatic, Ionic, Tyrrhenian, Ligurian and Mediterranean sides.[167] Taking into consideration their origin, the Italian rivers can be divided into two main groups: the Alpine-Po rivers and the Apennine-island rivers.[167] Most of the rivers of Italy drain either into the Adriatic Sea, such as the Po, Piave, Adige, Brenta, Tagliamento, and Reno, or into the Tyrrhenian, like the Arno, Tiber and Volturno. The waters from some border municipalities (Livigno in Lombardy, Innichen and Sexten in Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol) drain into the Black Sea through the basin of the Drava, a tributary of the Danube, and the waters from the Lago di Lei in Lombardy drain into the North Sea through the basin of the Rhine.[168] The longest Italian river is Po, which flows either 652 km (405 mi) or 682 km (424 mi) (considering the length of the right bank tributary Maira) and whose headwaters are a spring seeping from a stony hillside at Pian del Re, a flat place at the head of the Val Po under the northwest face of Monviso. The vast valley around the Po is called Po Valley (Italian: Pianura Padana or Val Padana) the main industrial area of the country; in 2002, more than 16 million people lived there, at the time nearly ⅓ of the population of Italy.[169] The second longest Italian river is Adige, which originates near Lake Resia and flows into the Adriatic Sea, after having made a north–south route, near Chioggia.[170] In the north of the country are a number of large subalpine moraine-dammed lakes, commonly referred to as the Italian Lakes. There are more than 1000 lakes in Italy,[171] the largest of which is Garda (370 km2 or 143 sq mi). Other well-known subalpine lakes are Lake Maggiore (212.5 km2 or 82 sq mi), whose most northerly section is part of Switzerland, Como (146 km2 or 56 sq mi), one of the deepest lakes in Europe, Orta, Lugano, Iseo, and Idro.[172] Other notable lakes in the Italian peninsula are Trasimeno, Bolsena, Bracciano, Vico, Varano and Lesina in Gargano and Omodeo in Sardinia.[173] Along the Italian coasts there are lagoons, including the Venice, Grado Lagoon and Marano lagoons in northern Adriatic, and the Orbetello lagoon on the Tuscan coast. The swamps and ponds that in the past covered vast flat areas of Italy, have largely been dried up in recent centuries;[171] the few remaining wetlands, such as the Comacchio Valleys in Emilia-Romagna or the Stagno di Cagliari in Sardinia, are protected natural environments.[171] Volcanology[] See also: Volcanology of Italy The country is situated at the meeting point of the Eurasian Plate and the African Plate, leading to considerable seismic and volcanic activity. There are 14 volcanoes in Italy, four of which are active: Etna, Stromboli, Vulcano and Vesuvius. The last is the only active volcano in mainland Europe and is most famous for the destruction of Pompeii and Herculanum in the eruption in 79 AD. Several islands and hills have been created by volcanic activity, and there is still a large active caldera, the Campi Flegrei north-west of Naples. The high volcanic and magmatic neogenic activity is subdivided into provinces: Magmatic Tuscan (Monti Cimini, Tolfa and Amiata);[174][175] Magmatic Latium (Monti Volsini, Vico nel Lazio, Colli Albani, Roccamonfina);[175][176] Ultra-alkaline Umbrian Latium District (San Venanzo, Cupaello and Polino);[175][176] Volcanic bell (Vesuvius, Campi Flegrei, Ischia);[175][176] Windy arch and Tyrrhenian basin (Aeolian Islands and Tyrrhenian seamounts);[175][176] African-Adriatic Avampa (Channel of Sicily, Graham Island, Etna and Mount Vulture).[175][176] Italy was the first country to exploit geothermal energy to produce electricity.[177] The high geothermal gradient that forms part of the peninsula makes potentially exploitable also other provinces: research carried out in the 1960s and 1970s identifies potential geothermal fields in Lazio and Tuscany, as well as in most volcanic islands.[177] Environment[] See also: List of national parks of Italy and List of regional parks of Italy After its quick industrial growth, Italy took a long time to confront its environmental problems. After several improvements, it now ranks 84th in the world for ecological sustainability.[178] National parks cover about 5% of the country.[179] In the last decade, Italy has become one of the world's leading producers of renewable energy, ranking as the world's fourth largest holder of installed solar energy capacity[180][181] and the sixth largest holder of wind power capacity in 2010.[182] Renewable energies now make up about 12% of the total primary and final energy consumption in Italy, with a future target share set at 17% for the year 2020.[183] However, air pollution remains a severe problem, especially in the industrialised north, reaching the tenth highest level worldwide of industrial carbon dioxide emissions in the 1990s.[184] Italy is the twelfth largest carbon dioxide producer.[185][186] Extensive traffic and congestion in the largest metropolitan areas continue to cause severe environmental and health issues, even if smog levels have decreased dramatically since the 1970s and 1980s, and the presence of smog is becoming an increasingly rarer phenomenon and levels of sulphur dioxide are decreasing.[187] Many watercourses and coastal stretches have also been contaminated by industrial and agricultural activity, while because of rising water levels, Venice has been regularly flooded throughout recent years. Waste from industrial activity is not always disposed of by legal means and has led to permanent health effects on inhabitants of affected areas, as in the case of the Seveso disaster. The country has also operated several nuclear reactors between 1963 and 1990 but, after the Chernobyl disaster and a referendum on the issue the nuclear programme was terminated, a decision that was overturned by the government in 2008, planning to build up to four nuclear power plants with French technology. This was in turn struck down by a referendum following the Fukushima nuclear accident.[188] Deforestation, illegal building developments and poor land-management policies have led to significant erosion all over Italy's mountainous regions, leading to major ecological disasters like the 1963 Vajont Dam flood, the 1998 Sarno[189] and 2009 Messina mudslides. The country had a 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 3.65/10, ranking it 142nd globally out of 172 countries.[190] Biodiversity[] Main articles: Fauna of Italy and Flora of Italy Italy has the highest level of faunal biodiversity in Europe, with over 57,000 species recorded, representing more than a third of all European fauna.[192] Italy's varied geological structure contributes to its high climate and habitat diversity. The Italian peninsula is in the centre of the Mediterranean Sea, forming a corridor between central Europe and North Africa, and has 8,000 km (5,000 mi) of coastline. Italy also receives species from the Balkans, Eurasia, the Middle East. Italy's varied geological structure, including the Alps and the Apennines, Central Italian woodlands, and Southern Italian Garigue and Maquis shrubland, also contributes to high climate and habitat diversity. Italian fauna includes 4,777 endemic animal species, which include the Sardinian long-eared bat, Sardinian red deer, spectacled salamander, brown cave salamander, Italian newt, Italian frog, Apennine yellow-bellied toad, Aeolian wall lizard, Sicilian wall lizard, Italian Aesculapian snake, and Sicilian pond turtle. There are 102 mammals species (most notably the Italian wolf, Marsican brown bear, Pyrenean chamois, Alpine ibex, crested porcupine, Mediterranean monk seal, Alpine marmot, Etruscan shrew, and European snow vole), 516 bird species and 56,213 invertebrate species. The flora of Italy was traditionally estimated to comprise about 5,500 vascular plant species.[193] However, as of 2005 , 6,759 species are recorded in the Data bank of Italian vascular flora.[194] Italy is a signatory to the Berne Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats and the Habitats Directive both affording protection to Italian fauna and flora. Climate[] Main article: Climate of Italy See also: List of rivers of Italy and List of lakes of Italy Because of the great longitudinal extension of the peninsula and the mostly mountainous internal conformation, the climate of Italy is highly diverse. In most of the inland northern and central regions, the climate ranges from humid subtropical to humid continental and oceanic. In particular, the climate of the Po valley geographical region is mostly continental, with harsh winters and hot summers.[196][197] The coastal areas of Liguria, Tuscany and most of the South generally fit the Mediterranean climate stereotype (Köppen climate classification Csa). Conditions on peninsular coastal areas can be very different from the interior's higher ground and valleys, particularly during the winter months when the higher altitudes tend to be cold, wet, and often snowy. The coastal regions have mild winters and warm and generally dry summers, although lowland valleys can be quite hot in summer. Average winter temperatures vary from 0 °C (32 °F) on the Alps to 12 °C (54 °F) in Sicily, so average summer temperatures range from 20 °C (68 °F) to over 25 °C (77 °F). Winters can vary widely across the country with lingering cold, foggy and snowy periods in the north and milder, sunnier conditions in the south. Summers can be hot and humid across the country, particularly in the south while northern and central areas can experience occasional strong thunderstorms from spring to autumn.[198] Politics[] Main article: Politics of Italy Italy has been a unitary parliamentary republic since 2 June 1946, when the monarchy was abolished by a constitutional referendum. The President of Italy (Presidente della Repubblica), currently Sergio Mattarella since 2015, is Italy's head of state. The President is elected for a single seven years mandate by the Parliament of Italy and some regional voters in joint session. Italy has a written democratic constitution, resulting from the work of a Constituent Assembly formed by the representatives of all the anti-fascist forces that contributed to the defeat of Nazi and Fascist forces during the Civil War.[199] Government[] Main article: Government of Italy Italy has a parliamentary government based on a mixed proportional and majoritarian voting system. The parliament is perfectly bicameral: the two houses, the Chamber of Deputies that meets in Palazzo Montecitorio, and the Senate of the Republic that meets in Palazzo Madama, have the same powers. The Prime Minister, officially President of the Council of Ministers (Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri), is Italy's head of government. The Prime Minister and the cabinet are appointed by the President of the Republic of Italy and must pass a vote of confidence in Parliament to come into office. To remain the Prime Minister has to pass also eventual further votes of confidence or no confidence in Parliament. The prime minister is the President of the Council of Ministers – which holds effective executive power – and he must receive a vote of approval from it to execute most political activities. The office is similar to those in most other parliamentary systems, but the leader of the Italian government is not authorised to request the dissolution of the Parliament of Italy. Another difference with similar offices is that the overall political responsibility for intelligence is vested in the President of the Council of Ministers. By virtue of that, the Prime Minister has exclusive power to: co-ordinate intelligence policies, determining the financial resources and strengthening national cyber security; apply and protect State secrets; authorise agents to carry out operations, in Italy or abroad, in violation of the law.[200] A peculiarity of the Italian Parliament is the representation given to Italian citizens permanently living abroad: 12 Deputies and 6 Senators elected in four distinct overseas constituencies. In addition, the Italian Senate is characterised also by a small number of senators for life, appointed by the President "for outstanding patriotic merits in the social, scientific, artistic or literary field". Former Presidents of the Republic are ex officio life senators. Italy's three major political parties are the Five Star Movement, the Democratic Party and the Lega. During the 2018 general election these three parties won 614 out of 630 seats available in the Chamber of Deputies and 309 out of 315 in the Senate.[201] Berlusconi's Forza Italia which formed a centre-right coalition with Matteo Salvini's Northern League and Giorgia Meloni's Brothers of Italy won most of the seats without getting the majority in parliament. The rest of the seats were taken by Five Star Movement, Matteo Renzi's Democratic Party along with Achammer and Panizza's South Tyrolean People's Party & Trentino Tyrolean Autonomist Party in a centre-left coalition and the independent Free and Equal party. Law and criminal justice[] Main articles: Law of Italy and Judiciary of Italy The Italian judicial system is based on Roman law modified by the Napoleonic code and later statutes. The Supreme Court of Cassation is the highest court in Italy for both criminal and civil appeal cases. The Constitutional Court of Italy (Corte Costituzionale) rules on the conformity of laws with the constitution and is a post–World War II innovation. Since their appearance in the middle of the 19th century, Italian organised crime and criminal organisations have infiltrated the social and economic life of many regions in Southern Italy, the most notorious of which being the Sicilian Mafia, which would later expand into some foreign countries including the United States. Mafia receipts may reach 9%[202][203] of Italy's GDP.[204] A 2009 report identified 610 comuni which have a strong Mafia presence, where 13 million Italians live and 14.6% of the Italian GDP is produced.[205][206] The Calabrian 'Ndrangheta, nowadays probably the most powerful crime syndicate of Italy, accounts alone for 3% of the country's GDP.[207] However, at 0.013 per 1,000 people, Italy has only the 47th highest murder rate[208] compared to 61 countries and the 43rd highest number of rapes per 1,000 people compared to 64 countries in the world. These are relatively low figures among developed countries. Law enforcement[] Main article: Law enforcement in Italy The Italian law enforcement system is complex, with multiple police forces.[209] The national policing agencies are the Polizia di Stato (State Police), the Arma dei Carabinieri, the Guardia di Finanza (Financial Guard), and the Polizia Penitenziaria (Prison Police),[210] as well as the Guardia Costiera (coast guard police).[209] The Polizia di Stato are a civil police supervised by the Interior Ministry, while the Carabinieri is a gendarmerie supervised by the Defense Ministry; both share duties in law enforcement and the maintenance of public order.[210] Within the Carabinieri is a unit devoted to combating environmental crime.[209] The Guardia di Finanza is responsible for combating financial crime and white-collar crime,[210] as well as customs.[209] The Polizia Penitenziaria are responsible for guarding the prison system.[210] The Corpo Forestale dello Stato (State Forestry Corps) formerly existed as a separate national park ranger agency,[209][210] but was merged into the Carabinieri in 2016.[211] Although policing in Italy is primarily provided on a national basis,[210] there also exists Polizia Provinciale (provincial police) and Polizia Municipale (municipal police).[209] Foreign relations[] Main article: Foreign relations of Italy Italy is a founding member of the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU), and of NATO. Italy was admitted to the United Nations in 1955, and it is a member and a strong supporter of a wide number of international organisations, such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade/World Trade Organization (GATT/WTO), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the Council of Europe, and the Central European Initiative. Its recent or upcoming turns in the rotating presidency of international organisations include the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe in 2018, the G7 in 2017 and the EU Council from July to December 2014. Italy is also a recurrent non-permanent member of the UN Security Council, the most recently in 2017. Italy strongly supports multilateral international politics, endorsing the United Nations and its international security activities. As of 2013 , Italy was deploying 5,296 troops abroad, engaged in 33 UN and NATO missions in 25 countries of the world.[212] Italy deployed troops in support of UN peacekeeping missions in Somalia, Mozambique, and East Timor and provides support for NATO and UN operations in Bosnia, Kosovo and Albania. Italy deployed over 2,000 troops in Afghanistan in support of Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) from February 2003. Italy supported international efforts to reconstruct and stabilise Iraq, but it had withdrawn its military contingent of some 3,200 troops by 2006, maintaining only humanitarian operators and other civilian personnel. In August 2006 Italy deployed about 2,450 troops in Lebanon for the United Nations' peacekeeping mission UNIFIL.[213] Italy is one of the largest financiers of the Palestinian National Authority, contributing €60 million in 2013 alone.[214] Military[] Main article: Italian Armed Forces The Italian Army, Navy, Air Force and Carabinieri collectively form the Italian Armed Forces, under the command of the Supreme Defence Council, presided over by the President of Italy. Since 2005, military service is voluntary.[215] In 2010, the Italian military had 293,202 personnel on active duty,[216] of which 114,778 are Carabinieri.[217] Total Italian military spending in 2010 ranked tenth in the world, standing at $35.8 billion, equal to 1.7% of national GDP. As part of NATO's nuclear sharing strategy Italy also hosts 90 United States B61 nuclear bombs, located in the Ghedi and Aviano air bases.[218] The Italian Army is the national ground defence force, numbering 109,703 in 2008. Its best-known combat vehicles are the Dardo infantry fighting vehicle, the Centauro tank destroyer and the Ariete tank, and among its aircraft the Mangusta attack helicopter, in the last years deployed in EU, NATO and UN missions. It also has at its disposal many Leopard 1 and M113 armoured vehicles. The Italian Navy in 2008 had 35,200 active personnel with 85 commissioned ships and 123 aircraft.[219] It is a blue-water navy. In modern times the Italian Navy, being a member of the EU and NATO, has taken part in many coalition peacekeeping operations around the world. The Italian Air Force in 2008 had a strength of 43,882 and operated 585 aircraft, including 219 combat jets and 114 helicopters. A transport capability is guaranteed by a fleet of 27 C-130Js and C-27J Spartan. An autonomous corps of the military, the Carabinieri are the gendarmerie and military police of Italy, policing the military and civilian population alongside Italy's other police forces. While the different branches of the Carabinieri report to separate ministries for each of their individual functions, the corps reports to the Ministry of Internal Affairs when maintaining public order and security.[220] Constituent entities[] Main articles: Regions of Italy, Provinces of Italy, Metropolitan cities of Italy, and Municipalities of Italy Italy is constituted by 20 regions (regioni)—five of these regions having a special autonomous status that enables them to enact legislation on additional matters, 107 provinces (province) or metropolitan cities (città metropolitane), and 7,960 municipalities (comuni).[221] Region Capital Area (km2) Area (sq mi) Population (January 2019) Nominal GDP EURO billions (2016)[222] Nominal GDP EURO per capita(2016) [223] Abruzzo L'Aquila 10,763 4,156 1,311,580 32 24,100 Aosta Valley Aosta 3,263 1,260 125,666 4 34,900 Apulia Bari 19,358 7,474 4,029,053 72 17,800 Basilicata Potenza 9,995 3,859 562,869 12 20,600 Calabria Catanzaro 15,080 5,822 1,947,131 33 16,800 Campania Naples 13,590 5,247 5,801,692 107 18,300 Emilia-Romagna Bologna 22,446 8,666 4,459,477 154 34,600 Friuli-Venezia Giulia Trieste 7,858 3,034 1,215,220 37 30,300 Lazio Rome 17,236 6,655 5,879,082 186 31,600 Liguria Genoa 5,422 2,093 1,550,640 48 30,800 Lombardy Milan 23,844 9,206 10,060,574 367 36,600 Marche Ancona 9,366 3,616 1,525,271 41 26,600 Molise Campobasso 4,438 1,713 305,617 6 20,000 Piedmont Turin 25,402 9,808 4,356,406 129 29,400 Sardinia Cagliari 24,090 9,301 1,639,591 34 20,300 Sicily Palermo 25,711 9,927 4,999,891 87 17,200 Tuscany Florence 22,993 8,878 3,729,641 112 30,000 Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol Trento 13,607 5,254 1,072,276 42 39,755 Umbria Perugia 8,456 3,265 882,015 21 24,000 Veneto Venice 18,399 7,104 4,905,854 156 31,700 Economy[] Main article: Economy of Italy See also: List of largest Italian companies Italy has a major advanced[224] capitalist mixed economy, ranking as the third-largest in the Eurozone and the eighth-largest in the world.[225] A founding member of the G7, the Eurozone and the OECD, it is regarded as one of the world's most industrialised nations and a leading country in world trade and exports.[226][227][228] It is a highly developed country, with the world's 8th highest quality of life in 2005[21] and the 26th Human Development Index. The country is well known for its creative and innovative business,[229] a large and competitive agricultural sector[230] (with the world's largest wine production),[231] and for its influential and high-quality automobile, machinery, food, design and fashion industry.[232][233][234] Italy is the world's sixth largest manufacturing country,[237] characterised by a smaller number of global multinational corporations than other economies of comparable size and many dynamic small and medium-sized enterprises, notoriously clustered in several industrial districts, which are the backbone of the Italian industry. This has produced a manufacturing sector often focused on the export of niche market and luxury products, that if on one side is less capable to compete on the quantity, on the other side is more capable of facing the competition from China and other emerging Asian economies based on lower labour costs, with higher quality products.[238] Italy was the world's 7th largest exporter in 2016. Its closest trade ties are with the other countries of the European Union, with whom it conducts about 59% of its total trade. Its largest EU trade partners, in order of market share, are Germany (12.9%), France (11.4%), and Spain (7.4%).[239] The automotive industry is a significant part of the Italian manufacturing sector, with over 144,000 firms and almost 485,000 employed people in 2015,[240] and a contribution of 8.5% to Italian GDP.[241] Fiat Chrysler Automobiles or FCA is currently the world's seventh-largest auto maker.[242] The country boasts a wide range of acclaimed products, from very compact city cars to luxury supercars such as Maserati, Lamborghini, and Ferrari, which was rated the world's most powerful brand by Brand Finance.[243] Italy is part of the European single market which represents more than 500 million consumers. Several domestic commercial policies are determined by agreements among European Union (EU) members and by EU legislation. Italy introduced the common European currency, the Euro in 2002.[244][245] It is a member of the Eurozone which represents around 330 million citizens. Its monetary policy is set by the European Central Bank. Italy has been hit hard by the Financial crisis of 2007–08, that exacerbated the country's structural problems.[246] Effectively, after a strong GDP growth of 5–6% per year from the 1950s to the early 1970s,[247] and a progressive slowdown in the 1980-90s, the country virtually stagnated in the 2000s.[248][249] The political efforts to revive growth with massive government spending eventually produced a severe rise in public debt, that stood at over 131.8% of GDP in 2017,[250] ranking second in the EU only after the Greek one.[251] For all that, the largest chunk of Italian public debt is owned by national subjects, a major difference between Italy and Greece,[252] and the level of household debt is much lower than the OECD average.[253] A gaping North–South divide is a major factor of socio-economic weakness.[254] It can be noted by the huge difference in statistical income between the northern and southern regions and municipalities.[255] The richest province, Alto Adige-South Tyrol, earns 152% of the national GDP per capita, while the poorest region, Calabria, 61%.[256] The unemployment rate (11.1%) stands slightly above the Eurozone average,[257] but the disaggregated figure is 6.6% in the North and 19.2% in the South.[258] The youth unemployment rate (31.7% in March 2018) is extremely high compared to EU standards.[259] Italy has a strong cooperative sector, with the largest share of the population (4.5%) employed by a cooperative in the EU.[260] Agriculture[] Main article: Agriculture in Italy According to the last national agricultural census, there were 1.6 million farms in 2010 (−32.4% since 2000) covering 12.7 million hectares (63% of which are located in Southern Italy).[261] The vast majority (99%) are family-operated and small, averaging only 8 hectares in size.[261] Of the total surface area in agricultural use (forestry excluded), grain fields take up 31%, olive tree orchards 8.2%, vineyards 5.4%, citrus orchards 3.8%, sugar beets 1.7%, and horticulture 2.4%. The remainder is primarily dedicated to pastures (25.9%) and feed grains (11.6%).[261] Italy is the world's largest wine producer,[262] and one of the leading in olive oil, fruits (apples, olives, grapes, oranges, lemons, pears, apricots, hazelnuts, peaches, cherries, plums, strawberries and kiwifruits), and vegetables (especially artichokes and tomatoes). The most famous Italian wines are probably the Tuscan Chianti and the Piedmontese Barolo. Other famous wines are Barbaresco, Barbera d'Asti, Brunello di Montalcino, Frascati, Montepulciano d'Abruzzo, Morellino di Scansano, and the sparkling wines Franciacorta and Prosecco. Quality goods in which Italy specialises, particularly the already mentioned wines and regional cheeses, are often protected under the quality assurance labels DOC/DOP. This geographical indication certificate, which is attributed by the European Union, is considered important in order to avoid confusion with low-quality mass-produced ersatz products. Infrastructure[] Main article: Transport in Italy See also: Railway stations in Italy In 2004 the transport sector in Italy generated a turnover of about 119.4 billion euros, employing 935,700 persons in 153,700 enterprises. Regarding the national road network, in 2002 there were 668,721 km (415,524 mi) of serviceable roads in Italy, including 6,487 km (4,031 mi) of motorways, state-owned but privately operated by Atlantia. In 2005, about 34,667,000 passenger cars (590 cars per 1,000 people) and 4,015,000 goods vehicles circulated on the national road network.[264] The national railway network, state-owned and operated by Rete Ferroviaria Italiana (FSI), in 2008 totalled 16,529 km (10,271 mi) of which 11,727 km (7,287 mi) is electrified, and on which 4,802 locomotives and railcars run. The main public operator of high-speed trains is Trenitalia, part of FSI. Higher-speed trains are divided into three categories: Frecciarossa (English: red arrow) trains operate at a maximum speed of 300 km/h on dedicated high-speed tracks; Frecciargento (English: silver arrow) trains operate at a maximum speed of 250 km/h on both high-speed and mainline tracks; and Frecciabianca (English: white arrow) trains operate on high-speed regional lines at a maximum speed of 200 km/h. Italy has 11 rail border crossings over the Alpine mountains with its neighbouring countries. Italy is one of the countries with the most vehicles per capita, with 690 per 1000 people in 2010.[265] The national inland waterways network comprised 2,400 km (1,491 mi) of navigable rivers and channels for various types of commercial traffic in 2012.[266] Italy's largest airline is Alitalia,[267] which serves 97 destinations (as of October 2019) and also operates a regional subsidiary under the Alitalia CityLiner brand. The country also has regional airlines (such as Air Dolomiti), low-cost carriers, and Charter and leisure carriers (including Neos, Blue Panorama Airlines and Poste Air Cargo. Major Italian cargo operators are Alitalia Cargo and Cargolux Italia. Italy is the fifth in Europe by number of passengers by air transport, with about 148 million passengers or about 10% of the European total in 2011.[268] In 2012 there were 130 airports in Italy, including the two hubs of Malpensa International in Milan and Leonardo da Vinci International in Rome. In 2004 there were 43 major seaports, including the seaport of Genoa, the country's largest and second largest in the Mediterranean Sea. In 2005 Italy maintained a civilian air fleet of about 389,000 units and a merchant fleet of 581 ships.[264] Italy does not invest enough to maintain its drinking water supply. The Galli Law, passed in 1993, aimed at raising the level of investment and to improve service quality by consolidating service providers, making them more efficient and increasing the level of cost recovery through tariff revenues. Despite these reforms, investment levels have declined and remain far from sufficient.[269][270][271] Italy has been the final destination of the Silk Road for many centuries. In particular, the construction of the Suez Canal intensified sea trade with East Africa and Asia from the 19th century. Since the end of the Cold War and increasing European integration, the trade relations, which were often interrupted in the 20th century, have intensified again and the northern Italian ports such as the deep-water port of Trieste in the northernmost part of the Mediterranean with its extensive rail connections to Central and Eastern Europe are once again the destination of government subsidies and significant foreign investment.[272][273][274][275][276][277] Energy[] Main article: Energy in Italy Eni, with operations in 79 countries, is one of the seven "Supermajor" oil companies in the world, and one of the world's largest industrial companies.[278] The Val d'Agri area, Basilicata, hosts the largest onshore hydrocarbon field in Europe.[280] Moderate natural gas reserves, mainly in the Po Valley and offshore Adriatic Sea, have been discovered in recent years and constitute the country's most important mineral resource. Italy is one of the world's leading producers of pumice, pozzolana, and feldspar.[281] Another notable mineral resource is marble, especially the world-famous white Carrara marble from the Massa and Carrara quarries in Tuscany. Italy needs to import about 80% of its energy requirements.[282][283][284] In the last decade, Italy has become one of the world's largest producers of renewable energy, ranking as the second largest producer in the European Union and the ninth in the world. Wind power, hydroelectricity, and geothermal power are also important sources of electricity in the country. Renewable sources account for the 27.5% of all electricity produced in Italy, with hydro alone reaching 12.6%, followed by solar at 5.7%, wind at 4.1%, bioenergy at 3.5%, and geothermal at 1.6%.[286] The rest of the national demand is covered by fossil fuels (38.2% natural gas, 13% coal, 8.4% oil) and by imports.[286] Solar energy production alone accounted for almost 9% of the total electric production in the country in 2014, making Italy the country with the highest contribution from solar energy in the world.[285] The Montalto di Castro Photovoltaic Power Station, completed in 2010, is the largest photovoltaic power station in Italy with 85 MW. Other examples of large PV plants in Italy are San Bellino (70.6 MW), Cellino san Marco (42.7 MW) and Sant’ Alberto (34.6 MW).[287] Italy was also the first country to exploit geothermal energy to produce electricity.[177] Italy has managed four nuclear reactors until the 1980s. However, nuclear power in Italy has been abandoned following a 1987 referendum (in the wake of the 1986 Chernobyl disaster in Soviet Ukraine). The national power company Enel operates several nuclear reactors in Spain, Slovakia and France,[288][289] managing it to access nuclear power and direct involvement in design, construction, and operation of the plants without placing reactors on Italian territory.[289] Science and technology[] Main articles: Science and technology in Italy and List of Italian inventions and discoveries Through the centuries, Italy has fostered the scientific community that produced many major discoveries in physics and the other sciences. During the Renaissance Italian polymaths such as Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519), Michelangelo (1475–1564) and Leon Battista Alberti (1404–1472) made important contributions to a variety of fields, including biology, architecture, and engineering. Galileo Galilei (1564–1642), a physicist, mathematician and astronomer, played a major role in the Scientific Revolution. His achievements include key improvements to the telescope and consequent astronomical observations, and ultimately the triumph of Copernicanism over the Ptolemaic model. Other astronomers suchs as Giovanni Domenico Cassini (1625–1712) and Giovanni Schiaparelli (1835–1910) made many important discoveries about the Solar System. In mathematics, Joseph Louis Lagrange (born Giuseppe Lodovico Lagrangia, 1736–1813) was active before leaving Italy. Fibonacci (c. 1170 – c. 1250), and Gerolamo Cardano (1501–1576) made fundamental advances in mathematics. Luca Pacioli established accounting to the world. Physicist Enrico Fermi (1901–1954), a Nobel prize laureate, led the team in Chicago that developed the first nuclear reactor and is also noted for his many other contributions to physics, including the co-development of the quantum theory and was one of the key figures in the creation of the nuclear weapon. He, Emilio G. Segrè (1905–1989) who discovered the elements technetium and astatine, and the antiproton), Bruno Rossi (1905–1993) a pioneer in Cosmic Rays and X-ray astronomy) and a number of Italian physicists were forced to leave Italy in the 1930s by Fascist laws against Jews.[294] Other prominent physicists include: Amedeo Avogadro (most noted for his contributions to molecular theory, in particular the Avogadro's law and the Avogadro constant), Evangelista Torricelli (inventor of barometer), Alessandro Volta (inventor of electric battery), Guglielmo Marconi (inventor of radio), Galileo Ferraris and Antonio Pacinotti, pioneers of the induction motor, Alessandro Cruto, pioneer of light bulb and Innocenzo Manzetti, eclectic pioneer of auto and robotics, Ettore Majorana (who discovered the Majorana fermions), Carlo Rubbia (1984 Nobel Prize in Physics for work leading to the discovery of the W and Z particles at CERN). Antonio Meucci is known for developing a voice-communication device which is often credited as the first telephone.[295][296] Pier Giorgio Perotto in 1964 designed one of the first desktop programmable calculators, the Programma 101.[297][298][299] In biology, Francesco Redi has been the first to challenge the theory of spontaneous generation by demonstrating that maggots come from eggs of flies and he described 180 parasites in details and Marcello Malpighi founded microscopic anatomy, Lazzaro Spallanzani conducted important research in bodily functions, animal reproduction, and cellular theory, Camillo Golgi, whose many achievements include the discovery of the Golgi complex, paved the way to the acceptance of the Neuron doctrine, Rita Levi-Montalcini discovered the nerve growth factor (awarded 1986 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine). In chemistry, Giulio Natta received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1963 for his work on high polymers. Giuseppe Occhialini received the Wolf Prize in Physics for the discovery of the pion or pi-meson decay in 1947. Ennio de Giorgi, a Wolf Prize in Mathematics recipient in 1990, solved Bernstein's problem about minimal surfaces and the 19th Hilbert problem on the regularity of solutions of Elliptic partial differential equations. There are numerous technology parks in Italy such as the Science and Technology Parks Kilometro Rosso (Bergamo), the AREA Science Park (Trieste), The VEGA-Venice Gateway for Science and Technology (Venezia), the Toscana Life Sciences (Siena), the Technology Park of Lodi Cluster (Lodi), and the Technology Park of Navacchio (Pisa).[300] ELETTRA, Eurac Research, ESA Centre for Earth Observation, Institute for Scientific Interchange, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Centre for Maritime Research and Experimentation and the International Centre for Theoretical Physics conduct basic research. Trieste has the highest percentage of researchers in Europe in relation to the population.[301] Tourism[] Main article: Tourism in Italy Italy is the fifth most visited country in the world, with a total of 52.3 million international arrivals in 2016.[303] The total contribution of travel & tourism to GDP (including wider effects from investment, the supply chain and induced income impacts) was EUR162.7bn in 2014 (10.1% of GDP) and generated 1,082,000 jobs directly in 2014 (4.8% of total employment).[304] Italy is well known for its cultural and environmental tourist routes and is home to 55 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the most in the world.[305] Rome is the 3rd most visited city in Europe and the 12th in the world, with 9.4 million arrivals in 2017 while Milan is the 27th worldwide with 6.8 million tourists.[306] In addition, Venice and Florence are also among the world's top 100 destinations. Demographics[] Main article: Demographics of Italy Further information: Italians File:Map of population density in Italy (2011 census) alt colours.jpg\|thumb\|left\|Map of Italy's population density as of the 2011 census At the beginning of 2020, Italy had 60,317,116 inhabitants.[307] The resulting population density, at 202 inhabitants per square kilometre (520/sq mi), is higher than that of most Western European countries. However, the distribution of the population is widely uneven. The most densely populated areas are the Po Valley (that accounts for almost a half of the national population) and the metropolitan areas of Rome and Naples, while vast regions such as the Alps and Apennines highlands, the plateaus of Basilicata and the island of Sardinia are very sparsely populated. The population of Italy almost doubled during the 20th century, but the pattern of growth was extremely uneven because of large-scale internal migration from the rural South to the industrial cities of the North, a phenomenon which happened as a consequence of the Italian economic miracle of the 1950–1960s. High fertility and birth rates persisted until the 1970s, after which they started to decline. The population rapidly aged; by 2010, one in five Italians was over 65 years old, and the country currently has the fifth oldest population in the world, with a median age of 46.5 years.[308][309] However, in recent years Italy has experienced significant growth in birth rates.[310] The total fertility rate has also climbed from an all-time low of 1.18 children per woman in 1995 to 1.41 in 2008,[311] albeit still below the replacement rate of 2.1 and considerably below the high of 5.06 children born per woman in 1883.[312] Nevertheless, the total fertility rate is expected to reach 1.6–1.8 in 2030.[313] From the late 19th century until the 1960s Italy was a country of mass emigration. Between 1898 and 1914, the peak years of Italian diaspora, approximately 750,000 Italians emigrated each year.[314] The diaspora concerned more than 25 million Italians and it is considered the biggest mass migration of contemporary times.[315] As a result, today more than 4.1 million Italian citizens are living abroad,[316] while at least 60 million people of full or part Italian ancestry live outside of Italy, most notably in Argentina,[317] Brazil,[318] Uruguay,[319] Venezuela,[320] the United States,[321] Canada,[322] Australia[323] and France.[324] Template:Largest cities of Italy Metropolitan cities and larger urban zone[] Source:[325][326] Metropolitan city Region Area (km2) Population (1 January 2019) Functional Urban Areas (FUA) Population (2016) Rome Lazio 5,352 4,342,212 4,414,288 Milan Lombardy 1,575 3,250,315 5,111,481 Naples Campania 1,171 3,084,890 3,418,061 Turin Piedmont 6,829 2,259,523 1,769,475 Palermo Sicily 5,009 1,252,588 1,033,226 Bari Apulia 3,821 1,251,994 749,723 Catania Sicily 3,574 1,107,702 658,805 Florence Tuscany 3,514 1,011,349 807,896 Bologna Emilia-Romagna 3,702 1,014,619 775,247 Genoa Liguria 1,839 841,180 713,243 Venice Veneto 2,462 853,338 561,697 Messina Sicily 3,266 626,876 273,680 Reggio Calabria Calabria 3,183 548,009 221,139 Cagliari Sardinia 1,248 431,038 488,954 Immigration[] Main article: Immigration to Italy In 2016, Italy had about 5.05 million foreign residents,[327] making up 8.3% of the total population. The figures include more than half a million children born in Italy to foreign nationals (second generation immigrants) but exclude foreign nationals who have subsequently acquired Italian citizenship;[328] in 2016, about 201,000 people became Italian citizens,[329] compared to 130,000 in 2014.[330] The official figures also exclude illegal immigrants, who estimated to number at least 670,000 as of 2008.[331] Starting from the early 1980s, until then a linguistically and culturally homogeneous society, Italy begun to attract substantial flows of foreign immigrants.[332] After the fall of the Berlin Wall and, more recently, the 2004 and 2007 enlargements of the European Union, large waves of migration originated from the former socialist countries of Eastern Europe (especially Romania, Albania, Ukraine and Poland). An equally important source of immigration is neighbouring North Africa (in particular, Morocco, Egypt and Tunisia), with soaring arrivals as a consequence of the Arab Spring. Furthermore, in recent years, growing migration fluxes from Asia-Pacific (notably China[333] and the Philippines) and Latin America have been recorded. Currently, about one million Romanian citizens (around 10% of them being ethnic Romani people[334]) are officially registered as living in Italy, representing thus the most important individual country of origin, followed by Albanians and Moroccans with about 500,000 people each. The number of unregistered Romanians is difficult to estimate, but the Balkan Investigative Reporting Network suggested in 2007 that there might have been half a million or more.[335][note 2] As of 2010, the foreign born population of Italy was from the following regions: Europe (54%), Africa (22%), Asia (16%), the Americas (8%) and Oceania (0.06%). The distribution of immigrants is largely uneven in Italy: 87% live in the northern and central parts of the country (the most economically developed areas), while only 13% live in the southern half. Languages[] Main articles: Languages of Italy, Italy's recognised minority languages, Italian language, and Regional Italian Italy's official language is Italian, as stated by the framework law no. 482/1999[337] and Trentino Alto-Adige's special Statute,[338] which is adopted with a constitutional law. Around the world there are an estimated 64 million native Italian speakers[339][340][341] and another 21 million who use it as a second language.[342] Italian is often natively spoken in a regional variety, not to be confused with Italy's regional and minority languages;[343][344] however, the establishment of a national education system led to a decrease in variation in the languages spoken across the country during the 20th century. Standardisation was further expanded in the 1950s and 1960s due to economic growth and the rise of mass media and television (the state broadcaster RAI helped set a standard Italian). Twelve "historical minority languages" (minoranze linguistiche storiche) are formally recognised: Albanian, Catalan, German, Greek, Slovene, Croatian, French, Franco-Provençal, Friulian, Ladin, Occitan and Sardinian.[337] Four of these also enjoy a co-official status in their respective region: French in the Aosta Valley;[346] German in South Tyrol, and Ladin as well in some parts of the same province and in parts of the neighbouring Trentino;[347] and Slovene in the provinces of Trieste, Gorizia and Udine.[348] A number of other Ethnologue, ISO and UNESCO languages are not recognised by Italian law. Like France, Italy has signed the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, but has not ratified it.[349] Because of recent immigration, Italy has sizeable populations whose native language is not Italian, nor a regional language. According to the Italian National Institute of Statistics, Romanian is the most common mother tongue among foreign residents in Italy: almost 800,000 people speak Romanian as their first language (21.9% of the foreign residents aged 6 and over). Other prevalent mother tongues are Arabic (spoken by over 475,000 people; 13.1% of foreign residents), Albanian (380,000 people) and Spanish (255,000 people).[350] Religion[] Main article: Religion in Italy In 2017, the proportion of Italians who identified themselves as Roman Catholic Christians was 74.4%.[355] Since 1985, Roman Catholicism is no longer officially the state religion.[356] Italy has the fifth world's largest Roman Catholic population, and the largest Catholic nation in Europe.[357] The Holy See, the episcopal jurisdiction of Rome, contains the central government of the Roman Catholic Church. It is recognised by other subjects of international law as a sovereign entity, headed by the Pope, who is also the Bishop of Rome, with which diplomatic relations can be maintained.[358][359] Often incorrectly referred to as "the Vatican", the Holy See is not the same entity as the Vatican City State,[Clarification needed] which came into existence only in 1929. In 2011, minority Christian faiths in Italy included an estimated 1.5 million Orthodox Christians, or 2.5% of the po
5438	dbpedia	2	18	https://www.luka.in.rs/movie%3Fid%3D938470249	en	Cinema Circle 2			[]	[]	[]	[ "Movie", "TV Series" ]	null	[ "Sasa Markovic" ]	null	Movies I Like	en	/graphics/favicon.png		null
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"https://www.youtube.com/embed/VDMf9m7FXd4?version=3&rel=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=en-US&autohide=2&wmode=transparent", "https://www.youtube.com/embed/kgMGa8ZVNNI?version=3&rel=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=en-US&autohide=2&wmode=transparent", "https://www.youtube.com/embed/YSX-mpsVutQ?version=3&rel=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=en-US&autohide=2&wmode=transparent", "https://www.youtube.com/embed/aOa_A48vPLs?version=3&rel=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=en-US&autohide=2&wmode=transparent", "https://www.youtube.com/embed/mwxXsRafm1o?version=3&rel=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=en-US&autohide=2&wmode=transparent" ]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	2016-08-08T14:04:33-07:00	10 posts published by HollywoodGlee during August 2016	en	https://i0.wp.com/hollyw…it=32%2C32&ssl=1	HollywoodGlee	null	Monthly Archives: August 2016 Venice Film Festival 2016: Impressive Line-Up For Golden Lion Nominations The 73rd Venice International Film Festival has been set in motion. The dates are out and the line-up has been released. The festival will pit twenty movies for the top prize named Golden Lion. From dramas to thrillers, the line-up is loaded with some power packed performances. Venice Film Festival will kick start with the world premiere of La La Land. Directed by Damien Chazelle, the musical has already been the talk of the town due to the sizzling chemistry of Ryan Gosling and Emma Stone. The plot of the movie revolves around a jazz pianist who falls in love with an ambitious actress in Los Angeles. Antoine Fuqua’s The Magnificent Seven will be showcased before the curtain closes on the festival. The movie stars Denzel Washington in a plot set for the modern retelling of the 1960 classic about outlaws in the Old West. Talking about the festival, director Alberto Barbera says that the focus of this year’s line-up has been philosophical and existential questions that prevail in films. He says movies which steer away from brutality of reality and every day news are approached. He clarifies that the idea should not be looked upon like a sort of escapism. Venice Film Festival Nomination Line-Up Ana Lily Amirpour, The Bad Batch Stephane Brize, Une Vie Damien Chazelle, La La Land Derek Cianfrance, The Light Between Oceans Mariano Cohn, Gaston Duprat, El ciudadono ilustre Massimo D’Anolfi, Martina Parenti, Spira Mirabilis Lav Diaz, The Women Who Left Amat Escalante, La region salvaje Tom Ford, Nocturnal Animals Roan Johnson, Piuma Andrei Konchalovsky, Paradise Martin Koolhoven, Brimstone Emir Kusturica, On the Milky Road Pablo Larrain, Jackie Terrence Malick, Voyage of Time Christopher Murray, El Cristo ciego Francois Ozon, Frantz Giuseppe Piccioni, Questi giorni Denis Villeneuve, Arrival Wim Wenders, Les beaux jours The popular one among the lot, The Light Between Oceans, to be showcased at Venice Film Festival, is a story about a couple who help a baby that drifts away in a rowboat. The cast of the movie includes Alicia Vikander, Rachel Weisz and Michael Fassbender. The Venice Film Festival will also be remembering the great work by two legendary film directors, Abbas Kiarostami and Michael Cimino, reported Euro News. Both the directors recently passed away. Venice Film Festival comes to a close on Sept. 10 2016. (Source: http://www.movienewsguide.com article by Ancy John) Like this: Like Loading... A Euro-Atlantic twist at the 73rd Venice Film Festival By Federico Grandesso Italian Editor, Journalist If the last edition of the Cannes Film Festival was dominated by important and consolidated “cinema masters,” the red carpet at the 73rd Venice Film Festival will be taken over by marvelous authors. Looking at the lineup recently presented in Rome, next year’s festival could be defined as the best of Alberto Barbera, Venice’s artistic director. If the key challenge is always to combine “cinema d’auteur” with the legitimate tastes of the general public, this “Mostra” will potentially bring a perfect balance to the lagoon city. A closer look at the main competition, with six American films, reveals a strong comeback by the big American players in an edition that can be defined as Euro-Atlantic. On one side of the Atlantic Ocean, there is Malick, Larrain, Villeneuve, Ford and Chazelle. On the other side, there is Konchalovsky, Wenders, Kusturica, Brize and Ozon. In between these two titanic armadas there will be a lonely Asian director, Filipino Lav Diaz (The Woman Who Left), making the 73rd with one of the smallest Asian representations in recent history. But next year’s festival will not only lack Chinese, Japanese, Korean and Iranian filmmakers. Africa, with its vibrant Magreb cinematography, will be also out of the picture. Compared to the recent Berlin and Cannes festivals, the Venice selection goes into another direction – one that prefers films based on literature (novels and theatrical plays) and history over socio-political stories. The world’s immigration and economic crises have been forgotten, at least for now. Instead, there is a more intellectual approach based on the past as source of inspiration and detector of contemporary conflicts. Venice has always been synonymous with innovation. As for the film that will kick off the 73rd Venice International Film Festival, it’s “La La Land” by Damien Chazelle with Ryan Gosling and Emma Stone, as well as two documentaries, Terrence Malick’s “Voyage of Time” and “Spira Mirabilis” by Italian directing duo Massimo D’Anolfi and Martina Parenti. Meanwhile, among the futurist genres there will be 3D films “Les Beaux Jours D’Aranjuez” by Wim Wenders and a UFO story “Arrival” by Denis Villeneuve, another big risk taken by the festival’s art director Barbera. Another unmissable film will be the TV series episodes of “The Young Pope” by the Italian Oscar-winning director Paolo Sorrentino with a stellar cast starring Jude Law, Diane Keaton and Cecile de France. Italy will have several films in competition, such as “Piuma” (Feather) and “Questi Giorni” (These Days). The younger generations will be the protagonists of contemporary stories about the difficulties of growing up. The “European” surprise could come from “Brimstone,” a western thriller film conceived, written and directed by the Dutch film-maker Martin Koolhoven and starring Dakota Fanning, Guy Pearce, Kit Harington and Carice van Houten. It is a triumphant tale of powerful womanhood and resistance against a violent past that refuses to fade. Just like at the Cannes this year, the red carpet in Venice is expected, for the joy of paparazzi and fans, to be one of the best ever, with a stunning Natalie Portman together with Emma Stone, Alicia Vikander and the Italian star Monica Bellucci. Just as impressive will be the “battalion” of male stars such as Jude Law, Mel Gibson, Michael Fassbender, James Franco, Jim Carrey, Keanu Reeves, Jake Gyllenhaal, Denzel Washington and Chris Pratt. As for the international jury that will be awarding the golden lions, its president will be British director Sam Mendes. Also on the jury will be American artist, singer, director and writer Laurie Anderson, British actress Gemma Arterton, Italian magistrate, writer, playwright and screenwriter Giancarlo De Cataldo, German actress Nina Hoss, French actress Chiara Mastroianni, American director Joshua Oppenheimer, Venezuelan Golden Lion director Lorenzo Vigas and the Chinese actress, director and singer Zhao Wei. The Venice International Film Festival runs August 30 through September 10th, 2016. For more information on ticketing click here. (Source material: https://www.neweurope.eu/article/euro-atlantic-twist-73rd-venice-film-festival/, http://www.labiennale.org) Like this: Like Loading... Mia Madre Acclaimed Italian auteur Nanni Moretti finds comedy and pathos in the story of Margherita, a harried film director (Margherita Buy, A Five Star Life) trying to juggle the demands of her latest movie and a personal life in crisis. The star of her film, a charming but hammy American actor (John Turturro) imported for the production, initially presents nothing but headaches and her crew is close to mutiny. Away from the shoot, Margherita tries to hold her life together as her beloved mother’s illness progresses, and her teenage daughter grows ever more distant. Mia Madre premiered in the Main Competition of the 2015 Cannes Film Festival where it won Ecumenical Jury prize while Margherita Buy received the Best Actress prize at Italy’s 2015 Donatello Awards. Characteristically self-reflexive and autobiographical, Moretti’s latest speaks to the poignancy of human transience, how we process loss and how we gain strength through humor. Mia Madre opens in Los Angeles and New York on August 26th with a national roll-out to follow! Shots from Mia Madre Critics Reactions “Beautifully observed and delicately balanced…this is Moretti at his interpersonal best; intimate, empathetic and intensely humane.” – Mark Kermode, The Guardian “Carefully measured and satisfying…the film emerges as a deeply affecting reflection on solitude.” – Ela Bittencourt, Slant Magazine “Fascinating…a rich and incredibly detailed world.” – Oliver Lyttelton, The Playlist INTERVIEW WITH DIRECTOR NANNI MORETTI Is the character played by Margherita Buy in Mia Madre your alter ego? I never considered playing the main role in this movie myself. I stopped doing that quite a while back, and I’m glad I did. I used to enjoy it, but today I am no longer driven by the fixed idea of wanting to compose my character film after film. I always thought this character would be a woman and a director, and that this woman would be played by Margherita Buy for a very simple reason: a film with Margherita Buy in the leading role would be much better than one with me in the leading role! She’s a much better actor than I am. Margherita carried much of the film’s workload on her shoulders. Out of seventy days of shooting, she was only away one day, and that was for a scene I ended up cutting! Still, one has the impression that there is a lot of you in this film… In the scene in front of the Capranichetta movie theater in Rome, during which Margherita’s brother, played by me, asks his sister to break at least one of her two hundred psychological patterns, it was as if I was talking to myself. I always thought that with time I would get used to drawing from the deepest part of me… But on the contrary, the more I move on and continue this way, the more this feeling of malaise arises. This said, the movie is not a personal confession. There are shots and frames, choices, performances – it’s not real life. How would you define your work? As an autobiography? Autofiction? Autofiction is a term I really don’t understand. And as for autobiography… All stories are somewhat autobiographical. I was talking about myself when I spoke about the Pope in Habemus Papam (We Have a Pope), played by Michel Piccoli, who felt he was unfit and likewise when I depicted Silvio Orlando’s work and personal stories in Il caimano (The Caiman). More than the wish to measure how much is autobiographical, what matters is to have a personal approach in relation to every single story. How did you choose John Turturro? Directors who have made far fewer films than I don’t have any qualms about approaching international stars. But I’m not like that. I called on him because I liked him very much and it seemed to me that his acting style wasn’t naturalistic. But also because we were already acquainted, and he already had a connection with Italy – he has even made a beautiful documentary about Neapolitan music called Passione. John had seen some of my films, which reassured me greatly. I admit that it would have been difficult for me to explain who I am, what I want, what my cinematographic expression is like. He also speaks and understands a little Italian. And he is a film director as well. It’s nice to work with actors who are also directors; it makes it easier to understand one another. When did you start thinking up the Mia madre screenplay? I usually allow for a great deal of time between my films. I need to leave behind the psychological and emotional investment of the previous movie. It takes time to recharge my batteries. This time, however, as soon as Habemus Papam (We Have a Pope) was released, I started thinking about my next film. I started writing when the things that I recount in the film happened in my life. And that probably had an influence on the narrative. How did you come up with the different narrative modes, where dream and reality sometimes intermingle? It’s important to tell a story in a non-academic manner, to have a narrative which doesn’t limit itself to fulfilling the basics: a narrative which, although familiar with the rules, can do without them. However, it is also important that it rings true within yourself, and also within what you are in the process of telling. You should never have a flat and ordinary relationship with the material you want to present. I liked the idea that when the audience would see a scene, they wouldn’t immediately understand whether it was a memory, a dream or reality, for they all coexist in Margherita’s character with the same immediacy: her thoughts, her memories of apprehension concerning her mother, the feeling of not being good enough. The narrative time corresponds with Margherita’s various emotional states in which everything coexists with the same urgency. I wanted to recount, from the point of view of a female character, this feeling of not being good enough in relation to her work, her mother, her daughter. Is this the reason why you wrote it with three women, Chiara Valerio, Gaia Manzini and Valia Santella? Perhaps, but those aren’t things that you plan or set up in advance. I hardly knew Gaia Manzini and Chiara Valerio. I had met them during a reading. Each one of us was asked to read an extract from a book by Sandro Veronesi. Shortly after, when I decided to start working on this subject, I called them. Valia, on the other hand, is a friend of mine, and we have been working together for a very long time. What did you imagine would be the film that Margherita was making? There is a scene that I cut where Margherita says to her daughter: “I’m never in my films,” and her daughter answers: “well, you don’t necessarily have to talk about yourself in your films,” and Margherita replies: “no, not necessarily, but I would like to make films that are more personal.” There it is. I wanted Margherita, overwhelmed by her life and her problems, to make a film that was more political than personal. In the press conference scene, a journalist asks her: “In such a delicate moment for our society, do you think that your film will succeed in appealing to the country’s conscience?” Margherita starts to give a formatted answer: “Well, today, the public itself is demanding a different kind of commitment…” But her voice slowly fades and we can hear what she is really thinking: “Yes, of course it’s the role of cinema, but why have I been making repeatedly the same things for years and years? Everybody thinks that I have the knack of understanding what is going on, of interpreting reality. But I don’t understand anything anymore.” I wanted the sturdiness and assertiveness of her film to be in absolute opposition with her emotional state; with what she’s experiencing and how she perceives herself. I wanted there to be a discrepancy between her very structured film and the very delicate moment she is going through. How did you address the theme of mourning? In La stanza del figlio (The Son’s Room), I was exorcising a fear. Here, I am referring to an experience that many people share. The death of one’s mother is an important rite of passage in life, and I wanted to recount it without being sadistic whatsoever towards the audience. This said, when you make a film, you are deeply engrossed in what you are doing: you work on the dialogue, the direction, the editing and as a result the theme you are treating doesn’t strike you with the full extent of its impact. Even when the feeling is very strong, I tend to think that the director doesn’t let himself be fully affected by it. Is it more difficult to shoot, think through and recount a story like this one compared with other films? No, I don’t think so. There was just a moment during the writing process when I decided to reread the journal I kept during the course of my mother’s illness. I did it because I thought that perhaps our exchanges, those lines could add weight and help the scenes between Margherita and her mother to ring true. In fact, the rereading of these journals was painful. What else did you read or what did you watch in preparation for Mia madre? During intense working periods and during a film shoot, I accumulate an array of things. When I finished shooting Mia Madre, I realized that I hadn’t had the time to review the books and the films that I had believed I should read or watch again because they broached the subject of pain, loss or death. It was a great relief for me to understand that I didn’t need them anymore. I saw Woody Allen’s Another Woman again but I didn’t watch Haneke’s Armour, which was on my desk. And especially, I didn’t read Roland Barthes. After my mother’s death, a woman I’m friendly with, offered me Journal de deuil (Mourning Diary), which Barthes had written right after his mother’s death. She told me that it had helped her. I opened a page at random, I read two lines, which felt like a stab in my heart, and I closed it. At the end of the film shoot I took the book off my desk and put it up on the shelf. Fortunately, I no longer felt the need to delve into grief. The mother is played by an actress who is not known in France, Giulia Lazzarini. This actress from the Piccolo Teatro de Strehler has a background which is very different from mine, and meeting her was a delightful experience. Not only was she able to understand me, and enter into my film, but, and I haven’t the faintest idea how, she also thoroughly understood my mother. Your mother was a professor… She taught for thirty-three years at the Visconti High School in Rome: literature in the middle school, then during the last years, Greek and Latin in the high school. At least one person every week would tell me that she was their teacher. Sometimes, there are people who also had my father as a professor at the University (he was a professor of Greek epigraphy). Many of her former students would come to see her years after passing their baccalaureate. I never had with any of my professors the kind of relationship she had with her students. I’m going to confess something that is a little painful, and which upsets me a bit, but I’ll say it: after my mother’s death, through the things that her former students told me, I had the feeling that something very important about her as a person had entirely escaped me, something that her former students had been able to grasp and share with me. Something essential. What have you learned making this film? I can answer this question very specifically. I feel exactly as I did during my first film shoot – the same anxiety, the same confusion, the same utter lack of confidence. I don’t think it’s this way for everybody. I believe for many people with experience, their knowledge of the profession and a certain detachment counts. I, on the other hand, have this very clear impression: it always feels as though I am making my first film. This time, it was with even more anxiety. There are people who say it is my most personal film; perhaps that is the reason why. But I just don’t know. I can say, however, that I have learned something along the way. I’m nicer to the actors, I’m more willing to stand by their side; I stick up for them. And what else have I learned…well indeed, there’s something I learned very quickly: the fact that when a film comes out, it no longer fully belongs to you. The public sees it, transforms it. There are things that have escaped you entirely that the public picks up, reveals and sheds a light upon… “I want to see the actor next to the character.” This is one of Margherita’s lines that she often repeats to her actors. It’s something I say all the time. I don’t know whether the actors understand it, but in the end, I’m able to get what I had in mind out of them. (This interview has been compiled from questions asked in various interviews given by Nanni Moretti to the Italian press in April 2015. Press materials provided by http://www.musicbox.com) Like this: Like Loading... Demon scheduled for openings in US The Orchard is proud to announce the US release of DEMON, Polish director Marcin Wrona’s eerie, richly atmospheric and clever take on the Jewish legend of the dybbuk. Acclaimed at several festivals including New Directors/New Films, the Toronto Film Festival, and Austin Fantastic Fest where it won the Award for Best Horror Feature, DEMON is scheduled to open in New York and Los Angeles on Friday, September 9th followed by a national release. Newly arrived from England to marry his fiancée Zaneta (Agnieszk Zulewska, Chemo), Peter (Israeli actor Itay Tiran, Lebanon) has been given a gift of her family’s ramshackle country house in rural Poland. It’s a total fixer-upper, and while inspecting the premises on the eve of the wedding, he falls into a pile of human remains. The ceremony proceeds, but strange things begin to happen…During the wild reception, Peter begins to come undone, and a dybbuk, the iconic ancient figure from Jewish folklore, takes a toehold in this present-day celebration-for a very particular reason, as it turns out. Based on noted Polish writer Piotr Rowicki’s play Adherence, DEMON is the final work by Marcin Wrona, who died just as DEMON was set to premiere in Poland, is part absurdist comedy, part love story-that scares, amuses, and charms in equal measure. Marcin Wrona was born in Tarnow, Poland in 1973 and studied film at the Jagiellonian University in Krakow. He directed several features for television, as well as the theatrical features My Flesh, My Blood and The Christening, which were selected for the Toronto and San Sebastian Film Festivals. Critics Reactions “Demon” enthralls as an atmospheric ghost story with a cheeky undercurrent of absurdist humor.” — Joe Leydon, Variety “..a unique take on the Jewish legend of the Dybbuk that feels both deeply rooted in cultural nightmares and refreshingly new…“Demon” is stylish and clever from its concept..but it’s the execution that really matters. There’s a great energy to the piece, from the framing of the visual compositions, to the eerie atmosphere created by the lights hanging from the ceiling of what looks like a barn. There’s fantastic costume design as well as a lead performance that engages on every level.” — Brian Tallerico, Rogerebert.com “A darkly humorous reworking of “The Dybbuk,” with a deftly realized switch that turns that familiar tale of love from beyond the grave into a parable of Polish anti-Semitism in the post-war era…. a black comedy in the vein of “The Exterminating Angel.” — George Robinson, The Jewish Week A CONVERSATION WITH DEMON PRODUCER OLGA SZYMANSKA How does DEMON fit into Marcin’s body of work? Are there similar themes or motifs that run through his three features? Marcin’s idea was to make a trilogy, and DEMON is the final installment of this trilogy, with MY FLESH, MY BLOOD (2009) and THE CHRISTENING (2010) being the first and second. All of his movies contain similar themes and motifs, including growing up, the nature of evil and the fate or destiny each protagonist must cope with in each story. None of Marcin’s films contained a happy ending. MY FLESH, MY BLOOD’s protagonist is a boxer who discovers he will die soon following a savage blow to his head. He wants to leave something in the world, which is a child. THE CHRISTENING is the story of a gangster who’s been sentenced to death by the Mafia. He’s coping with his feelings for his family during his seven remaining days alive, during which time he asks his best friend to take care of his family when he’s gone. The theme of family and destiny — the idea that you can’t cheat death — rings strongest in these two works. DEMON’s protagonist, Piotr, is fated to reveal the truth about the film’s mysterious setting after becoming possessed by a ghostly figure, and it also features a fatal ending. All three works feature rituals of some sort, from christenings to weddings. What are the roots of DEMON and what drew Marcin towards this specific story? It’s based on a play called The Clinging, but the only thing that remains from that story is the names of the characters and the phenomenon of the dybbuk (from Jewish folklore). It’s a very theatrical piece so it took some time to transform the story elements to movie language in the screenplay. Marcin and the co-writer Pawel Maslona rewrote almost everything and made the story their own. What was Marcin’s specific interest in the traditional ghost story of the dybbuk? It’s a story that has almost been forgotten in Poland. The Dybbuk was a play written by Shimon Ansky in 1914 and then made into a film by Michal Waszynski in 1937 right before he tried to launch a career in Hollywood. It was the first Yiddish-Hasidic movie made in Poland and it’s considered the Hasidic Romeo & Juliet. The protagonist in the play — who is possessed by the dybbuk (a malicious colonizing spirit) — wants to reveal an uncomfortable truth about the past, and Marcin found that concept exciting. We had seen the play together and both of us thought it would make a good movie. At that point, we had decided to launch a production company together. Our first thought was that it would be easy to translate into film because it was set in a single location. But we wound up doing a lot of research into the history of the story, not to mention Jewish-Polish history in general. If you read the studies on the dybbuk, those who became possessed by the spirit find themselves unable to speak. It originated in a very orthodox society of Jews, so it was the idea of this voice that could never have been heard which was longing to be heard. We thought it would be interesting to take the character of Piotr in our story and tell something specific through the demon that possessed him. This is a unique co-production with Israel — how did this affect the story in any way? Marcin’s previous movie, THE CHRISTENING, was screened at the Haifa Film Festival, where we met our future co-producer Marek Rosenbaum. We had seen (lead actor) Itay Tiran in a few movies and thought he could play characters from anywhere, because he has a universal look about him — like he could hail from Israel or Poland or elsewhere. He’s a great actor with a big theatrical background, but he’s been in movies like LEBANON, AFTERTHOUGHT and THE DEBT as well. He’s required to give a very physical performance in this movie. Can you describe how Marcin worked with Itay Tiran to obtain such a raw, affective performance? Marcin didn’t want to use any special effects in the movie — he wanted to rely solely on actors. All the rehearsals for the wedding dance scene, where the dybbuk takes possession of Piotr, took a long time, even before the actual shooting took place. Two choreographers rehearsed it with the actors, then another choreographer came in, who worked for the Jewish Theater in Warsaw as well as a pantomime group. The third choreographer worked with Itay directly, instructing him how to breathe and how to use the muscles and tension in his body to make the possession look more effective. Physical demands aside, Itay was already very well prepared for DEMON. For our first meeting in Warsaw a few years ago, he arrived with photographs from a version of The Dybbuk play, which had been produced in Tel Aviv in the ’50s. So he was already fascinated with the dance at the heart of that performance. The movie is constructed around a Polish wedding. Can you explain why weddings are so prominent in his work? In his first feature, MY FLESH, MY BLOOD, there is a wedding in the final scene, so he was no stranger to having weddings in his movies. He was very interested in rituals in general — which are important to Polish people in general because we are a predominantly Catholic country and so much of daily life revolves around ritual here. Marcin was not Catholic, but the idea with the wedding in DEMON is to show a glimpse of Polish society, showing different people in different roles, and how those roles change over the course over the wedding. DEMON features a unique island-like setting. Where exactly did you film? Marcin knew exactly how he wanted the house and the location to look. Our production designer, Anna Wunderlich, would go out on scouting missions and return with pictures, but nothing was right. We were so disappointed with what we saw that we decided to build our own sets. Two or three weeks before a final decision was supposed to be made on locations, she came back from the Malopolska region near Krakow with this terrific location near a town called Bochnia featuring an abandoned house from the early 20th century. It sat on a river with an old shed next to it, and no neighboring structures in its vicinity. The only structure the art department fabricated was the shed used in the wedding sequence — the existing house was how they found it, and how it appeared in the movie. All the mist and fog you see in the movie is also natural because our set was so close to the river. Digging is a recurring motif in the story. The story plays out near a construction site, and human remains are discovered early in the story. What is the significance of so much digging in DEMON? It’s a reflection of the past — the notion of unearthing the past or digging in the dirt and finding something unknown or scary, but the digging is more metaphoric than anything else. What do you think were some of Marcin’s most potent gifts as a filmmaker? He was very good with actors. He discovered some of the biggest Polish actors of his generation and many of them appear in DEMON, including Tomasz Schuchardt The actor who plays the brother in law won Best Actor at the Polish Film Festival for his work in Marcin’s previous film, THE CHRISTENING. And Agnieska Zulewska, our lead actress, appears in her first major starring role in this film. He rehearsed with actors a lot before going on set and he always gave them freedom — he trusted them immensely, so there was always a strong element of collaboration on his sets. On the visual side, he had a long relationship with his cinematographer, Pawel Flis, who shot all three of his features. Each of them is different from one another visually. Why do you think Marcin and Pawel worked together so well as Director and Cinematographer? They were very good friends in school, for one thing. They made Marcin’s first short together, “Magnet Man,” which screened at the Tribeca Film Festival in 2002. They shared a cinematic language and worked together very well together, which precluded them from having to talk much about what they wanted to do. They just did it and it worked. What would you say is the overall visual style of DEMON? Marcin and Pawel wanted it to look like old photographs from the early 20th century, and the costumes in the movie also look like they came from eras past. Although the movie is set in the 21st century, you get the sense from watching DEMON that it could be set during any time. They wanted it to look universal, as though it existed both in and out of time. What were some of your own duties on this production — and what were some of the biggest challenges for you as a producer on DEMON? I was involved with the project from the beginning — Marcin and I had seen The Dybbuk play together and we wanted to turn it into a movie. I read each version of the script he wrote, and helped organize the budget. I also helped with pre-production. During the shoot itself, the production manager took over and I came back to the game when shooting wrapped. Marcin and I were a couple, so I didn’t want to interfere during the 22-day shoot, which was a challenge in itself because we were mainly shooting at night during early October, amid heavy rains and low temperatures. Why do you think ghost stories are so powerful cinematically? And what did this particular ghost story have for you that made it stand out from a crowded pack? I think people like to be scared, but DEMON cuts much deeper than a conventional scary movie — the ghost story in this case is used as a way to soften heavy subject matter for the viewer. It’s a movie about erasing the past, forgetting about who we are and where we come from, who we lived with, and how we are all essentially strangers to one another. Piotr is an outsider or “other” — and in this case the movie tracks how much we are separated by our differences, or remain intolerant in the face of otherness. Marcin wanted to play with different genres in this movie, incorporating elements of horror, comedy, thriller, melodrama, while at the same time expressing something thematically important about the past in general. An interesting part of this story is the collision of science, religion, family and industry (in the form of the patriarch) — it contributes to the tension of the story in an interesting way… Marcin and the screenwriter wanted to bring out this element in the story — it’s something they brought to the existing Dybbuk legend. They wanted to show a wide section of society, including different people from all walks of life. None of the characters stay the same over the course of DEMON — the doctor comes to believe in ghosts, the priest becomes more atheistic, etc. They change roles, their viewpoints shift. What for you was the most compelling aspect of making DEMON? The idea of making this movie so different from Marcin’s other works was very exciting to me — to blend so many genres in one movie made the form intriguing and challenging. We also haven’t seen The Dybbuk story on screen in many years in Poland, so that was another compelling factor. The story itself is an important reminder that the Jewish and Polish cultures co-existed for hundreds of years together — but in this era we remember very little about the two cultures co-mingling. Polish Romanticism was one of the most important periods in our national literature, and a lot of writers during that period were interested in Jewish mysticism. The fusion of Romanticism and mysticism appealed to me in particular. What do you think DEMON is trying to say, thematically? It’s very much a story about the past, but it’s also about how we are living today — how it’s difficult for an outsider to come in and infiltrate a very small section of society, Polish or otherwise. People are not very open in Poland in terms of not wanting immigrants or “the other” living in their neighborhoods, so the story very much reflects contemporary values and mores. ABOUT THE PRODUCTION Visual Style Pawel Flis / Director of Photography ―The visual idea for this film was that we shoot it like old photographs, we wanted the shots to look like stills and tell the story using wide lenses and make the shots look wide. We didn’t want the camera to move a lot. I like to keep a very small distance between the actor and the camera, but at the same time the camera is an observer, it doesn’t interfere. We used one Alexa camera only, it’s my first film on this digital camera and I was so amazed at how it works with the picture, I loved it! You can take out so much from it in post –production too and as Marcin said, the scenes look like they were shot for a Western.‖ The Location Zuza Hencz / Post Production Mgr. ―I wanted the time and place of the film to be universal. Twentieth century, somewhere in Poland, without being precise‖ said Marcin Wrona.―The film was meant to draw us back to classic cinema. I wanted to make it look traditional in composition and not to have any special effects or super modern technologies used. A lot of photographic style, as if someone with great taste had been taking photos (static takes) from the wedding. Finding the perfect location, where 90% of the shooting was supposed to take place was extremely hard. Together with Anna Wunderlich – our production designer- we drove through three different regions of Poland for three months, based on our own knowledge and also photo albums with old monuments. Unfortunately most of the buildings we found were either in a sorry state or renovated in a very kitschy way. What was equally hard was finding the space of the house that was needed for us to fit a whole wedding. After about two and a half months we stopped looking for a house and we found a great place where we could build it instead. And then totally out of the blue we found the perfect place – a house from 1890 with a huge barn from back then. Renovating the entire thing cost us a lot of money and work but gave the film a unique character and made the entire team feel special working for months in the mud and rain. The Look of the Film In March of 2015 the filmmakers consulted with Justine Wright, renowned editor and recipient of the European Film Award for Best Editor on the film “Locke.‖ DEMON was one of a very few projects invited to take part in editing workshops, organized by the European Film Academy and the Polish Film Academy. The event consisted of a lecture by Ms. Wright and then individual consultations with authors of selected projects, which gave Marcin Wrona and Piotr Kmiecik, the editor, a rare opportunity to enhance the film. Justine’s remarks were included in the final cut. ‖The editing of “Demon” began two weeks after we finished shooting and with small breaks it took five months,‖ Marcin Wrona said. ―The whole process of working on the picture and the sound began right after we had the first version of the film edited. In sound it gave the creators wider possibilities of thinking through the concept of how they wanted to use it in the film. We edited within the frame and shot with wide lenses to make the scenes look wide in picture. The camera was not supposed to move a lot. As we shot the film and saw how beautiful the production set was and the great costumes the actors had and the choreography they used we knew that it was impossible to keep the camera still. So we changed our original idea so that the film would become better. I like when the camera is very close to the actor but at the same time it must be just an observer from aside. We shot the film on one camera only – on Alexa, it’s my first film on digital and I am fascinated by this equipment. The picture that it gives, the possibilities that it gives in post-production, the lenses make everything look soft, as if in a Western movie.‖ The Cast “As an actor I always look for projects that are authentic, truthful and of course interesting‖ says Itay Tiran, (who portrays the lead character ―Python‖). ―I feel that DEMON is all the above. It’s an incredible opportunity for an actor to be able to play two characters in one and to be working on such a well written screenplay. Of course it’s also a story that I particularly cherish because, as with many people coming from Israel, it’s important to me on a very personal mystical level. It’s a complicated character to play, from the beginning Python is a multi-layered person. He comes to Poland because of love, but as it turns out he’s got a mission to complete, and becomes much more about him finding his roots, than about his bride to be. We worked very hard to express the dybbuk inside his body in a very unconventional way. We worked with choreographers and therapists to get the credible effect. Any actor would be thrilled to get a character like that to play.” Official selection: New Directors/New Films (2016 Film Society of Lincoln Center and MoMA) Official selection: Toronto International Film Festival, Vanguard Section, 2015 Winner: Austin Fantastic Fest, Best Horror Feature, 2015 Winner: Haifa Film Festival, Tobias Spencer Award, 2015 (Press materials courtesy of The Orchard) Like this: Like Loading... Four Fun Facts About Venice73 Pre-opening event (Tuesday August 30th 2016) of the 73rd Venice International Film Festival Dedicated to the great director Luigi Comencini (1916 – 2007) on the centennial of his birth, the Pre-opening event of the 73rd Venice International Film Festival will be held on Tuesday August 30th at the Sala Darsena (Palazzo del Cinema) on the Lido. Featured will be the screening of Comencini’s masterpiece Tutti a casa (Everybody Go Home, Italy/France, 1960) in the copy digitally restored by Filmauro and CSC – Cineteca Nazionale di Roma, starring Alberto Sordi, Serge Reggiani, Carla Gravina and Eduardo De Filippo, produced by Dino De Laurentiis, with screenplay by Age and Scarpelli, winner at the time of two David di Donatello awards and one Nastro d’argento. The restored version will be presented in its world premiere screening, remastered in 4K on the basis of the original negatives provided by Filmauro. The digital processing was performed in the laboratories of Cinecittà Digital Factory in Rome. The transfer to 35mm film was done in the laboratories of Augustus Color in Rome. The 73rd Venice International Film Festival will take place on the Lido from August 31st to September 10th 2016, directed by Alberto Barbera and organized by the Biennale chaired by Paolo Baratta. Tutti a casa by Luigi Comencini is one of the most famous and successful examples of what made the “commedia all’italiana” immortal: the blend of comedy and drama, of real and grotesque, of courage and determination to survive. Comencini, with the autobiographical complicity of the two great screenwriters Age and Scarpelli and the bitter laughs provoked by the remarkable performance of Alberto Sordi, tells the story of the chaos that ensued on September 8th 1943, when Badoglio signed the armistice and the soldiers loyal to the King and Mussolini were abandoned to their own destinies, to face many dangers alone. In the film, Alberto Sordi, on the phone under German gunfire, asks his superiors: “Colonel, Sir, this is Lieutenant Innocenzi, something amazing just happened, the Germans have become allies of the Americans. What are we supposed to do?” Tutti a casa is a film “on the road” across the ruins and confusion reigning in Italy at that time, when the soldiers had no one to give them orders and one after another they decided to head back home: tutti a casa, everybody go home. In the story, Second Lieutenant Alberto Innocenzi (Sordi), who is used to obeying and not answering back, is abandoned by his soldiers and flees from north to south with his friend, the Neapolitan military engineer Ceccarelli (Serge Reggiani). He runs into German soldiers eager for retaliation who shoot at them, witnesses the odyssey of an Jewish girl attempting to escape (for whom a young Venetian soldier gives his life), meets an American prisoner hiding in an attic, is united with his father (Eduardo De Filippo) who wants to send him back to the Fascist army, until the final redemption during the 4 days of Naples. At the time Comencini stated: “On the 8th of September, people were abandoned to themselves, and that is what I wanted to describe”. The film was a box office hit, bringing in over a billion lire in ticket sales. Luigi Comencini (1916-2007) who was awarded a Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement in 1987 by the Biennale di Venezia, is considered one of the greatest masters of Italian-style comedy, as well as “the children’s director“. Among his comedies, his first masterpiece was Pane, amore e fantasia (Bread, Love and Dreams, 1953), with Gina Lollobrigida and Vittorio De Sica, winner of the Silver Bear in Berlin, the prototype for what is known “neorealismo rosa” and one of the highest-grossing films in the history of Italian cinema, followed over the years by other hit comedies such as Pane, amore e gelosia (Bread, Love and Jealousy, 1954), Mariti in città (Husbands in the City, 1957), Lo scopone scientifico (The Scientific Cardplayer, 1957) and Mio Dio, come sono caduta in basso! (Till Marriage Do Us Part, 1974). Comencini addressed the theme of childhood early on in 1946 with Bambini in città, his first short documentary (which won an award in Venice and a Nastro d’argento), while Proibito rubare (Hey Boy, 1948), set among the street children in Naples, was his first feature-length film. His significant production of films on the theme of “childhood” continued with La finestra sul Luna Park (The Window to Luna Park, 1956), Incompreso (Misunderstood, 1966, in competition at Cannes and winner of a David di Donatello), Voltati Eugenio (1980, presented at the Venice Film Festival), Un ragazzo di Calabria (A Boy from Calabria, 1987, in competition in Venice) and Marcellino pane e vino (1991) his last film directed with his daughter Francesca. Also worthy of note are his versions of two classics of children’s literature, such as Le avventure di Pinocchio (The Adventures of Pinocchio, 1972) and Cuore (1984). A co-founder in 1935 with Alberto Lattuada and Mario Ferrari of the Cineteca italiana di Milano, Comencini directed a total of forty feature-length films, without counting his documentaries, screenplays, and investigative reports for Rai television. He experimented with many genres other than comedy, such as murder mysteries (La donna della domenica, The Sunday Woman, 1975), melodrama (Incompreso, 1966), literary films (La ragazza di Bube, 1963), period films (Infanzia, vocazione e prime esperienze di Giacomo Casanova veneziano, 1974), film-operas (La Bohème, 1987), but also experimented with more particular films (Cercasi Gesù, 1982, winner of a Nastro d’argento). In an interview he granted in the early 1980s, Comencini declared that he was willing to defend ten of his films, that “would never have seen the light of day if I had not made other flawed films, wholly or in part. But I have never made a film in bad faith”. Like this: Like Loading... Zero Days: More or Less Zero Days, the latest film by acclaimed documentarian, Alex Gibney, details claims that the US and Israeli governments conducted covert cyber warfare operations against the Iranian government and the Iranians’ nuclear enrichment program. Zero Days, a fitting Opening Night Film for AFI DOCS, served as a catalyst for conversation in the Q & A immediately followed its screening at the Newseum in Washington D.C. AFI President & CEO Bob Gazzale introduced the film and commented on the importance of Director Gibney’s work in line with “dreams for a better world. Dreams that demand debate!” In addition, Gazzele stated how honored he was to be partnering with this year’s presenting sponsor AT & T. AT & T spokesperson, Jennifer Coons, took stage and expressed what a privilege it was for AT & T to bring together politics, business and investment to learn from one another while connecting people. Zero Days opened with a 2010 clip from an Iranian television station with the Iranian leader Mahmoud Ahmadinejad vehemently denouncing Western and Zionist regimes interference in the Iranian nuclear enrichment program. Throughout the film, Gibney intersperses narrative voice overs and archival footage as the spokespersons for the US government repeatedly delivered “I can’t comment” when asked about the existence of a cyber warfare super virus, soon to be revealed as Stuxnet. Two malware, computer programming specialists from internet security behemoths Symantec and Kaspersky, uncover Stuxnet and both reach a professional conclusion after engaging in deep analytic data processing that the virus they are uncovering is more than just the work of an at-large hacker. The sophistication and the virus’ ability to replicate itself without a user doing anything and its ability to mutate undetected is known in malware jargon as ‘zero-day exploitation’ without any protection against it and was undoubtedly the work of a nation-state. The effect the virus had on the Iranian infrastructure as it attacked power plants, energy grids, gas pipelines and industrial sites resulted in deaths and severe repercussions for scientists and line operators alike. The Symantec and Kaspersky experts estimated 500,000 attacks were unleashed over the course of its deployment. A former employee of the US Nuclear Regulatory Agency went on camera to say that he knew of one or two nation-states that were using cyber weapons for offensive purposes. However, when asked who the states were and were the states involved using Stuxnet, a dance of denial ensued with the former employee back peddling while reiterating he did not mention names of the existence of Stuxnet often uttering “I can’t comment on that.” In Zero Days Gibney has upped the ante from previous works with heightened production values utilizing CGI and textual overlays to convey the genesis of a new era and a medium of espionage at the highest governmental levels and has done his homework as he provides a historical backdrop of the Iranian nuclear program disclosing the US gave Iran its first nuclear reactor under the Shah of Iran’s rule. In addition, he shows the pride the Iranian people have in their nuclear program demonstrated by their national celebrations for Nuclear Enrichment Day, a national nuclear day that has galvanized the republic of Iran. Throughout the remainder of Zero Days Gibney delves deeply into Homeland Security and the arsenal of the US Cyber Command apparatus with probing interviews and expose investigative reporting concluding with speculation on where this new game of global cyber warfare may lead. Zero Days is one of this year’s most important films in light of recent accusations a foreign power hacked the Democratic National Committee’s computer system as well as Democratic Presidential Nominee, Hillary Clinton’s campaign system. New York Times columnist David E. Sanger reports on this in the July 30th edition with his article “U.S. Wrestles With How to Fight Back Against Cyberattacks.” Gibney’s other works, no less confrontational, include Going Clear: Scientology and the Prison of Belief (2015), Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room (2005) and We Steal Secrets: The Story of WikiLeaks (2013). Like this: Like Loading... Venice Production Bridge In the context of the 73rd Venice Film Festival, an important new project titled Venice Production Bridge has been introduced to ensure continuity, but also to surpass and fine-tune the Venice Film Market first held in 2012. The Venice Production Bridge will take place from September 1 to 5 on the third floor of the Excelsior Hotel of the Lido di Venezia. It will join and reinforce the Industry Office, which will continue to work, as it has in past years, throughout the entire Venice Film Festival, offering many services to its guests (August 31 to September 10). The new Venice Production Bridge is established to foster the development and production of international and European projects across a range of audio-visual forms. This is the direction also pursued by the Venice Film Market, which since its very first edition has served as a light market, featuring programmes such as the Venice Gap-Financing Market and Final Cut in Venice, with the aim of helping to complete films and works in progress. The new Venice Production Bridge will also build on the experience of the Biennale College – Cinema, an innovative workshop for the development and production of micro-budget feature films, which over a four-year period has led to the production of 13 films that have earned prestigious international results and acknowledgments. The image of the bridge expresses perfectly well the philosophy of this new Venetian market. The idea consists in building an opportunity of encountering and networking for all the professionals involved in production. Indeed the producers but also the multiple categories of financiers who are participating in the creation of the necessary financial package to create a film. Distributors, sales agents, banks, private and public investment funds, regions and film commissions, broadcasters, video aggregators and Internet platforms, are also, in their own way, contributing in financing, buying or co-producing a film. The Venice Production Bridge will also focus on one of the major new trends in contemporary production, which is the co-existence of a diversity of platforms fostered by the digital revolution: television series, web-series and, above all, the new frontier represented by VR/Virtual Reality, which are currently attracting major investment and the most advanced technological research. The Venice Production Bridge intends to attract industry professionals active in these fields. The 2-day Venice Gap-Financing Market event (September 2-3, 2016) will take place during the forthcoming 73rd Venice Film Festival and will offer the 40 selected European and International projects, the opportunity to close their international financing. The Venice Gap Financing Market presents 40 projects from around the world in the final stages of development and funding, divided as follows: 25 projects for feature-length fiction films and feature documentaries, 15 projects for Virtual Reality & Interactive, Web Series and TV Series. The two-day Venice Gap Financing Market is thus setting up one-to-one meetings between the teams (producer and director) of the 40 projects and top industry decision-makers (producers, private and public financiers, banks, distributors, sales agents, TV Commissioners, Internet and video Platforms, Institutions, post-production companies…). 25 SELECTED PROJECTS – Films: 18 projects (9 from Europe and 9 from outside of Europe) for feature-length fiction films from around the world that need to complete their funding package with minority shares in the co-production, having at least 70% of the funding in place – Documentaries: 7 projects (6 from Europe and 1 from outside of Europe) for narrative or creative documentaries (to be presented like the films) FICTION Europe 1 – “Alien Food” by Giorgio Cugno (Italy, Denmark, France) 2 – “Birth” by Jessica Krummacher (Germany, Turkey) 3 – “Funan, the new people” by Denis Do (France, Luxembourg, Belgium) 4 – “God Exists, Her Name is Petrunija” by Teona Sturgar Mitevska (Macedonia) 5 – “Luxembourg” by Myroslav Slaboshpytskiy (Germany, Ukraine, France, Norway) 6- “The Intruder” by Leonardo Di Costanzo (Italy, Switzerland, France) 7 – “The Nature of Time” by Karim Moussaoui (France) 8 – “The Song of Scorpions” by Anup Singh (Switzerland) 9 – “Touch Me Not” by Adina Pintilie (Romania, France, Bulgaria) + Outside of Europe 10 – “A Worthy Companion” by Carlos & Jason Sanchez (Canada) 11 – “Brief Story from the Green Planet” by Santiago Loza (Argentina, Germany) 12 – “Dolores” by Gonzalo Tobal (Argentina, France, Spain) 13 – “Let it be Morning” by Eran Kolirin (Israel, France) 14 – “Lily and the Dragonflies” by René Guerra (Brazil, Denmark) 15 – “Los Perros” by Marcela Said (Chile, Germany, Argentina) 16 – “Sollers Point” by Matt Porterfield (USA, France) 17 – “The Seen and Unseen” by Kamila Andini (Indonesia) 18 – “Wajib” by Annemarie Jacir (Palestine, France, Germany, Norway, Denmark) DOCUMENTARIES Europe 19 – “Apolonia, Apolonia” by Lea Glob (Denmark) 20 – “Cain, Abel and the Cowgirl” by Dina Salah Amer (UK, France, USA) 21 – “Gold Mine” by Ben Russell (France) 22 – ‘’Latifa’’ by Olivier Peyon and Cyril Brody (France) 23 – “The Real Estate” by Axel Petersén and Måns Månsson (Sweden, Denmark) 24 – “Tierra del mal” by Daniele Incalcaterra and Fausta Quattrini (Italy, Argentina) + Outside of Europe 25 – “Impeachment” by Petra Costa (Brazil) 15 VIRTUAL REALITY & INTERACTIVE, WEB SERIES AND TV SERIES PROJECTS – TV Series and Web series: 7 projects – Virtual Reality and Interactive Projects: 8 projects for short to medium-length artistic-narrative films to be produced as virtual reality experiences 1 – ‘’Ashes to Ashes’’ (Netherlands) VR Submarine Channel 2 – ‘‘Exode’’ by Gabo Arora (USA) VR Un/Verse, Lightshed 3 – ‘’Nomads’’ (Canada) VR Felix & Paul Studios 4 – ‘’Our baby’’ by Simon Bouisson (France) VR La Générale de production 5 – ‘’The Future of Forever: Welcome to the Other Side’ by Annna Brezezinska (Poland) VR Unlimited Film Operations 6 – ‘‘Trinity’’ by Patrick Boivin (Canada) VR Unlimited Vr 7 – ‘‘Oh Moscow’’ by Sally Potter (UK) Interactive/Multimedia Experience Adventure Pictures 8 – ‘’The Boy in the Book’’ by Fernando De Jesus (UK) Interactive/Web series CYOD Ltd., Thinking Violets 9 – ‘‘Difficult Second Coming’’ by Dylan Edwards (UK) Web series Electric Sandbox 10 – ‘’Music on the road’’ by Benoit Pergent (France) Web series Les Films du Poisson 11 – ‘‘Referees’’ by Giampiero Judica (Italy) Web series 3Zero2 SpA 12 – ‘‘Aurora’’ (Italy) TV series Publispei Srl 13 – ‘‘Bullfinch’’ (Germany) TV series Zentropa Hamburg GmbH 14 – ‘’Nemesi’’ (Italy) TV series Indigo Film 15 – ‘‘School Of Champions’’ by Clemens Aufderklamm (Germany, Switzerland) TV series Catpics Ltd A tailor-made initiative of this kind requests a real confidentiality for the producers and the partners already in place and a first Project line-up will therefore be sent to selected potential financiers and professionals in order to allow them to register to this co-production market. The Book of Projects detailing each film project is sent to the registered professionals in July 2016 to entitle them to request 30-minute one-to-one meeting with the producers of the selected projects. The Venice Gap-Financing Market will set up these meetings in accordance with the availability of the participants and meetings slots. Each participant will receive a personalised meeting schedule a few days before the event. FINAL CUT IN VENICE The Venice Production Bridge will again organize the 4th edition of its workshop program, the Final Cut in Venice which will take place from September 3 to 5 in collaboration with Laser Film, Mactari Mixing Auditorium, Titra Film, Sub-Tu Ltd, Sub-Ti ACCESS Srl, Rai Cinema, Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie (OIF), Festival International du Film d’Amiens, Festival International de Films de Fribourg, MAD Solutions, Institut Français. The Festival’s purpose is to provide concrete assistance in the completion of films from Africa and from Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine and Syria; and to offer producers and directors an opportunity to present films still in the production phase to international film professionals and distributors in order to facilitate post-production and promote co-production partnerships and market access. The workshop consists in three days of activities, in which the working copies of a maximum of the six selected films are screened to producers, buyers, distributors and film festival programmers. Networking, encounters and meetings will allow directors and producers to interact directly with the workshop participants. The workshop will conclude with the awarding of prizes, in kind or in cash, for the financial support of the films in their post-production phase: . € 15,000 for the color correction of a feature-length film offered by Laser Film (Rome) for up to 50 hours of work (technician included); . Up to € 15,000 for the sound mixing offered by Mactari Mixing Auditorium (Paris); . Up to € 10,000 for digital color correction, for the production of a DCP master and French or English subtitles, offered by Titra Film (Paris) . Up to € 7,000 for the production of the DCP master and Italian or English subtitles, offered by Sub-Ti Ltd. (London); . Up to € 7,000 for the accessible contents of the film for audiences with sensory disabilities: subtitles for the deaf and hearing impaired and audio description for the blind and visually impaired, with audio subtitles, in Italian or English, offered by SUB-TI ACCESS Srl (Turin) (the SDH file and the audio described soundtrack for DCP will be provided) . € 5,000 for the purchase of two-year broadcasting rights by Rai Cinema; . € 5,000 offered by the Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie (OIF) to an African or Arabian film from a member-country of La Francophonie . A 35mm print (without subtitles) or the participation in the production costs of a DCP (€ 1,500), offered by the Festival International du Film d’Amiens; . A 35mm print (without subtitles) or the participation in the production costs of a DCP (€ 1,500), offered by the Festival International de Films de Fribourg; . Marketing and distribution in the Arab World for one Arab project is offered by MAD Solutions (except for projects already attached to MAD Solutions). The 6 Selected projects of FINAL CUT IN VENICE 2016 are: – ‘Felicity’ by Alain Gomis (France, Senegal, Belgium) – ‘Ghost Hunting’ by Raed Andoni (Palestine, France, Switzerland) – ‘Obscure’ by Soudade Kaadan (Syria, Lebanon) – ‘Poisonous Roses’ by Ahmed Fawzi Saleh (Egypt, France, Qatar) – ‘One of these days’ by Nadim Tabet (Lebanon) – ‘The Wound’ by John Trengove (South Africa, Germany, Netherlands, France) The Venice Production Bridge is also launching a new initiative this year with the Book Adaptation Rights Area. This two-day event (September 2 and 3) allows International renowned Publishers to propose the adaptation rights of their new titles as well as their libraries (novels, series, graphic novels, essays…) to International top producers in a dedicated area within the VPB. The 15 invited publishers of the Book Adaptation Rights Area are: – Andrew Nurnberg Associates (United Kingdom) – De Agostini (Italy) – De Bezige Bij (Netherlands) – Diogenes (Switzerland) – Elisabeth Ruge Agentur (Germany) – Flammarion (France) – Gallimard (France) – Glénat (France) – Lannoo (Belgium) – Les Éditions de l’Homme Sans Nom (France) – Média-Participations (France) – Oetinger Filmrechte-Agentur (Germany) – Place des Editeurs (France) – Planeta (Spain) – Ullstein Buchverlage (Germany) European Film Forum events – Saturday 3 and Sunday 4 September In the framework of the European Film Forum, the European Commission organises two workshops on access to finance (3 September from 3:00 pm to 5:15 pm – Sala Stucchi) and on the future of cinemas (4 September from 10:00 am to 1:00 pm – Spazio Incontri). The first event will be the occasion to discuss the new guarantee facility for the cultural and creative sector recently launched with the European Investment Fund (press release), as well as new modes of investments. The second event, which will be opened by European Commissioner Oettinger, in charge of the Digital Economy and Society, will focus on how cinemas can fully reap the benefits of digital technologies. The Venice International Film Festival is also an opportunity to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the Creative Europe MEDIA programme (press release) and to discuss the recent update of EU audiovisual rules (press release) as well as the upcoming proposals on the modernisation of EU copyright rules to be presented in the autumn. Next initiatives will aim at further increasing the circulation of European works across borders and supporting the audiovisual sector. Finally, the Venice Production Bridge offers all traditional services such as the Industry Club, to support networking among the participants, the Digital Video Library, an Exhibition Area, VPB Market Screenings, a Business Centre, equipped with secretarial services, computers, copy machines, Internet access and Wi-Fi, and numerous international panels and networking events with some of them in partnership with the European Producers Club. Like this: Like Loading...
5438	dbpedia	1	61	https://duomo.firenze.it/en/opera-magazine/post/10952/the-dome-of-brunelleschi-and-the-curse-of-lightning-a-story-lasting-four-centuries	en	The Dome of Brunelleschi and the curse of lightning: a story lasting four centuries	https://duomo.firenze.it/getFile.php?id=78910	https://duomo.firenze.it/getFile.php?id=78910	[ "https://duomo.firenze.it/en/opera-magazine/post/10952/static/metacms/templates/opa/images/logo.svg", "https://duomo.firenze.it/en/opera-magazine/post/10952/getImage.php?id=79070&w=560&h=512&c=1&co=1&f=0&t=0&.jpg", "https://duomo.firenze.it/en/opera-magazine/post/10952/getImage.php?id=2715&w=560&h=512&c=1&co=1&f=0&t=0&.jpg", "https://duomo.firenze.it/en/opera-magazine/post/10952/getImage.php?id=2737&w=560&h=512&c=1&co=1&f=0&t=0&.jpg", "https://duomo.firenze.it/en/opera-magazine/post/10952/getImage.php?id=79177&w=560&h=512&c=1&co=1&f=0&t=0&.jpg", "https://duomo.firenze.it/en/opera-magazine/post/10952/getImage.php?id=2714&w=560&h=512&c=1&co=1&f=0&t=0&.jpg", "https://duomo.firenze.it/en/opera-magazine/post/10952/getImage.php?id=1892&w=560&h=512&c=1&co=1&f=0&t=0&.jpg", "https://duomo.firenze.it/en/opera-magazine/post/10952/getImage.php?id=2713&w=560&h=512&c=1&co=1&f=0&t=0&.jpg", "https://duomo.firenze.it/en/opera-magazine/post/10952/application/mediaArchive/Image/af9e02b28dbb76207f49702a10eadd36_FABIO_MUZZI_©_2022_ALTA_045.JPG", "https://duomo.firenze.it/en/opera-magazine/post/10952/getImage.php?id=78906&w=500&h=565&c=0&co=1&f=0&t=0&.jpg", "https://duomo.firenze.it/en/opera-magazine/post/10952/getImage.php?id=78907&w=500&h=565&c=0&co=1&f=0&t=0&.jpg", "https://duomo.firenze.it/en/opera-magazine/post/10952/getImage.php?id=78908&w=500&h=333&c=0&co=1&f=0&t=0&.jpg", "https://duomo.firenze.it/en/opera-magazine/post/10952/getImage.php?id=78968&w=165&h=165&c=1&co=1&f=0&t=0&.jpg 165w, getImage.php?id=78968&w=330&h=330&c=1&co=1&f=0&t=0&.jpg 330w", "https://duomo.firenze.it/en/opera-magazine/post/10952/getImage.php?id=78872&w=165&h=165&c=1&co=1&f=0&t=0&.jpg 165w, getImage.php?id=78872&w=330&h=330&c=1&co=1&f=0&t=0&.jpg 330w", "https://duomo.firenze.it/en/opera-magazine/post/10952/getImage.php?id=15570&w=165&h=165&c=1&co=1&f=0&t=0&.jpg 165w, getImage.php?id=15570&w=330&h=330&c=1&co=1&f=0&t=0&.jpg 330w", "https://duomo.firenze.it/en/opera-magazine/post/10952/static/metacms/templates/opa/images/logo-footer.svg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Antonella Chiari" ]	2024-01-12T00:00:00	history of the lightning that struck Brunelleschi's Dome in Florence until the creation of the first lightning rod	en	https://duomo.firenze.it…png?v=3eBXPz8jdk		https://duomo.firenze.it/en/opera-magazine/post/10952/the-dome-of-brunelleschi-and-the-curse-of-lightning-a-story-lasting-four-centuries	Since ancient times, lightning, that very strong electrical discharge produced during storms, has evoked both fear and fascination. The Dome of Florence Cathedral, built by Filippo Brunelleschi between 1420 and 1436, is one of the symbols of Western architecture, well known for its majesty, grandeur and solidity. Yet that character has not been enough to protect it from the devastating electrical phenomena inherent to thunderstorms. Drawn by the enormous amount of copper in the globe placed on the Duomo lantern in 1471, by Andrea del Verrocchio, and counting until 1859, at least 27 significant strikes hit the apex of the Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore. In 1859, finally, the first lightning rod was installed, bringing a halt to the devastating electrical rain. Among the strikes recorded, the ones of 1492 and 1601 were the most consequential. In his Memories, Tribaldo De’ Rossi recounts the events of 5 April 1492: "When we were in bed and it was three in the morning, small granules of hail began to fall, with a great wind. A terrible thunderbolt came, and everyone was frightened. In the morning it was seen that it had hit the Lantern of Santa Maria del Fiore, which is on the Cupola, and it had brought down more than a third of the Lantern. It fell on the church in many parts, piercing the vault of the church in five places." Some 120 years later, in 1604, Francesco Bocchi wrote to his colleague Filippo Valori, recalling the ruin of the lantern some years earlier, during a storm on the night of 26 January 1601. "Soon after the fourth hour of night, while terrible conditions persisted, suddenly there broke out a rain mixed with hail accompanied by wind, and in an instant, struck by a bolt of lightning, the tallest pyramid [the cupola lantern] ripped open on one side, with a frightening cleft. The surrounding neighbourhood was awakened by the terrifying roar… and, not without reason, as it seemed that the sky was burning, people feared the destruction of the city of Florence... Thrice, and almost at the same moment, the part of it named for resemblance to a lantern was struck with a terrible roar, and under such violence, huge marbles suddenly shifted from their places, and falling in various parts of the church, miserably deformed the building underlying." The event recorded by Valori was the most violently damaging ever to occur for the dome. The strike of that night caused the detachment of Verrocchio's copper ball, weighing 1.9 tonnes, the fall of which damaged the lantern below, whose marble pieces tumbled down the slopes of the dome, landing on the vaults of the left lateral nave and the cornice of the northwest tribune. Fortunately, no harm was recorded to persons, but some of the stone landed on buildings and streets nearby, exploding on impact, such that pieces were found as far away as Via de’ Servi. Anonimous florentine: Il fulmine colpisce la lanterna. Oxford, Ashmolean Museum, n. cat. 770. The impression of this event on contemporaries is testified not only by the many written memories, but also in iconographic ones. Among these, an anonymous drawing preserved by the Oxford Ashmolean Museum shows a deity, probably Jupiter, God of Thunder, hurling lightning at the lantern, and the dome in the very moment of shattering. This same image also catalogues the shape and number of fallen elements, including the cross and ball of Verrocchio. A second elegant drawing, this one by Alessandro Allori and preserved in the National Library of Florence, captures a moment soon after the cataclysm. In this image the lantern emerges terribly torn, but already clearly subject to careful observation and the first interventions of preservation: a support in brick can be made out, erected in aid of the damaged structure. The restoration was complex, requiring two years of work and the very substantial cost of 16,291 scudi. Allori himself, in a report of the times, noted that "what has been done new agrees and unites very well with the old…”, an assertion which, through our own analysis, we can still confirm today, and demonstrating that even then there was particular attention to correctly preserving the historical-artistic heritage of Florence. The Grand Duke and the officers of the Opera of the Duomo had indeed directed the architects chosen, Giulio Parigi and Gherardo Mechini, "not to renew or change anything of the ancient model." Alessandro Allori: View of the damaged lantern. Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Firenze, II.I 429, c. 33r. In memory of the tragic event, the famous marble disk - still sought out by tourists and visitors - was placed where the ball had fallen. The human perceptions raised by such impetuous natural phenomena were rooted in ancient times, and descended in popular traditions and beliefs, among which myths and legends, and because of this the lightning strikes on the Cathedral were also interpreted in prophetic and supernatural key, as omens and signs of misfortune. The strike of 1492, for example, was taken as a harbinger of the death of Lorenzo the Magnificent, occurring only three days later. Documenting these views, we have the summary report of Ferdinando Del Migliore, published some 200 years later: "On the 5th of April in 1492, there came a [lightning bolt] that, as Giannotti reported, ruined a large part of the Pergamena [cupola lantern], and this was also an omen of future misfortunes, as commented by Amaddio Nicolucci, when he came to the city for the death of Lorenzo de' Medici the Elder.” Similarly, after the lightning strike of 1601, Grand Duke Ferdinand I asked Pope Clement VIII for a number of relics to be placed in two lead boxes inside the arms of the cross, on the sphere returned to the lantern crown, to prevent further incidents. The aim was to establish a kind of "celestial shield" in protection of the entire cathedral. As Del Migliore, once again writing in the 1600s, lamented, "It truly seems that the sky itself is scornful of such heights [of the cupola of Santa Maria del Fiore], and instructs us of this through experience, by the lightning and thunder that very often strike it…; occult causes, not understood by us, beat and strike the tops of our tallest buildings." Indeed, the causes of the repeating electrical phenomena were clarified by Benjamin Franklin in the mid-1700s, and with continued scientific progress, in 1859, the order went out for installation of a lightning rod on the Cathedral of Florence: a turning point for the safety of the monument. The new defensive system was very severely tested some years later, in June 1885, as recorded in an extraordinary first-person report preserved in the Cathedral archives: “In the very fierce storm which prevailed over Florence on the 19th of this June, among the various lightning strikes that fell in different parts of the city, there was one that discharged on the lightning rod of our cathedral dome. That bolt of lightning, in fact, fell on the tip of the electrical conductor that rises from the summit of the cross, situated on the copper sphere of the cupola. And myself and others distinctly saw that dazzling streak of fire, which in the moment enveloped the conductor and even melted the platinum tip in an amount of 15 millimetres. The lightning then discharged into the two ground wells where the conductors terminate, and did not cause any damage to that distinguished structure [Cathedral dome and Lantern]." Chronology of known lightning strikes: XV CENTURY XVI CENTURY XVII CENTURY XVIII CENTURY XIX CENTURY 05/04/1492 04/11/1511 17/01/1600-1 13/08/1700 1816 04/1494 1536 27/01/1600-1 13-14/06/1715 1836 09/08/1495 06/08/1542 18/07/1661 13/06/1776 03/09/1855 06/1498 18/09/1542 1699 1779 14/10/1542 22/12/1542 11/11/1557 05/11/1570 11/10/1577 03/11/1578 28/08/1584 28/08/1586 1859: First lightning rod Installed. Marble disk in memory of the lightning strike of 1601
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"https://www.thesun.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/rachel-leskovac-lindon-king-vincent-863435612_fb590e.jpg?strip=all&w=960", "https://www.thesun.ie/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2024/08/newspress-collage-817yivkxg-1723152040389.jpg?1723155661&&strip=all&&w=620&&h=413&&crop=1", "https://www.the-sun.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2024/08/JF-US-TOP-10-NFL-FRANCHISE-VALUES-GRAPHIC.jpg?strip=all&w=960", "https://twemoji.maxcdn.com/2/svg/1f44d-1f3fd.svg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Vittoria Scarpa for Cineuropa" ]	null		en	//www.rssing.com/favicon.ico		null	Maria Grazia Cucinotta Kicks Off 2015 Shanghai International Film Festival Sicilian movie star, Maria Grazia Cucinotta (Our interview with Cucinotta)was in Shanghai over the weekend to kick off the 2015 Shanghai International Film Festival. Ratified by the State Council of the People's Republic of China, the Shanghai International Film Festival will run for nine days. The festival offers cinema-goers the chance to see a number of Italian films that were never imported into theaters in China, which restricts the number of foreign films that can enter the market each year. This year, eight Italian films will be featured at the festival: Ermanno Olmi's "Greenery will bloom again" "Black Souls" by Francesco Munzi: Focus Italy "Greenery will bloom again" by Ermanno Olmi: Focus Italy "Happily mixed up" by Massimiliano Bruno: Focus Italy "Invisible Boy" by Gabriele Salvatores: Focus Italy "Italo" by Alessia Scarso: Focus Italy "Italy in a Day" - Un giorno da italiani by Gabriele Salvatores: Focus Italy "Land of Saints" by Fernando Muraca: Focus Italy "We are Francesco" by Guendalina Zampagni: Focus Italy For more information- check out the English version of their website.. www.siff.com ↧ ↧ Canada's Italian Contemporary Film Festival to Feature the Award Winning "Noi e La Giulia" “We’re born with our hands full. That’s why as newborn babies, we clench our fists.. because we have the best gifts we could ever wish for.. innocence, curiosity, a will to live. But then they bring us up to be God-fearing. So, we can’t blame ourselves for fearing everything else as well.” Edoardo Leo’s “Noi e La Giulia” is a thought-provoking, hilarious trip on waking up one day over the age of 40 and realizing that you don’t have a whole lot in life to account for. “You turn 40 and you realize your best friends are a negro, a cammorista and a pair of losers” proclaims a tearful Fausto, Leo’s politically incorrect, right wing character. The film begins with a day in the lives of three Roman 40-somethings from completely different backgrounds. There is Fausto (Edoardo Leo), a macho, self-confident on-air personality that sells mock watches and is wanted by creditors, Diego (Luca Argentero), a disenchanted car salesman unable to show emotion and Claudio (Stefano Fresi), who is being left by his wife as he shuts the doors to his family business that began in 1910. The unlikely trio are brought together by a country property they are each looking to buy and turn into an agriturismo. Since none of them can afford the property on their own, they decide to become partners. Enter Sergio, a slightly bitter left-wing comrade who is looking to collect unpaid wages from Fausto, and Elisa (Anna Foglietta), a good-hearted, pregnant woman jilted at the alter.. and what ensues is a laugh-until-you-cry adventure of a bunch of self-proclaimed failures, that for the first time in their lives, feel like they are succeeding at doing something good. However, it comes with a price as the local countryside thugs threaten to destroy them if they don’t pay “protection money”. Vito (Carlo Buccirosso) leads the way for a whole host of bandits and shady characters relentless on collecting their fees. There are so many elements that make this film a modern-day masterpiece. Leo and his cast perfectly convey the magic we feel when a dream is realized. There is the right amount of conflict and tension just when it seems that everything is going well. The comic timing between the characters is impeccable. The professionalism and skill of the actors bring an element of classic Italian cinema. “I soliti ignoti” (The Big Deal on Madonna Street) came to mind many times, particularly when hostage, Vito, complained about the onion in his carbonara. I couldn’t help but think of these petty criminals in the middle of robbing a house, helping themselves to some pasta and cece that was on the stove. This only validates what I have been saying for more than a decade in my articles about contemporary Italian cinema. We have indeed reached a new “Golden Age” in which writers, directors, actors and all filmmakers for that matter, have reinvented cinema for their own generation while keeping in mind the roots of the past. Yesterday, we had Mario Monicelli, Vittorio Gassman, Claudio Cardinale, Marcello Mastroianni and Antonio De Curtis. Today, we have Edoardo Leo, Alessandro Gassman, Anna Foglietta, Luca Argentaro and Stefano Fresi- each actor with his or her own signature style and characterisics but with an echo and nod of respect for those who set the original bar. I believe those maestros of the past would be pleased to see the actors to whom they have passed the torch. “Noi e La Giulia” has won a whole slew of awards, including two recent David di Donatello’s for Carlo Buccirosso’s performance and Edorado Leo’s direction. The film will be shown this week at the Italian Contemporary Film Festival in Canada. For information on showtimes, visit the festival online at- http://icff.ca/blog/2015/05/07/noi-e-la-giulia/ ↧ Ischia Film Festival Celebrates Location of Francesco Munzi's "Black Souls" The Ionic Sea along the town of Africo (Photo by Actor, Stefano Priolo of Black Souls) Out of the 109 films selected for the festival, 54 will be enjoying their national premieres, 2 their international premieres and 2 their European premieres. 42 are Italian productions or co-productions, and the competition will feature 40 films, including feature films, documentaries and short films, which will battle it out for the festival’s awards. From 27 June to 4 July 2015, the 13th edition of the Ischia Film Festival will be held at the Aragonese Castle in Ischia. It is the only international competition dedicated to cinematographic locations that gives artistic recognition to audiovisual works, directors, directors of cinematography and set designers that endorse Italian and international locations, putting the emphasis on the landscape and cultural identity. Out of the 109 films selected for the festival, 54 will be enjoying their national premieres, 2 their international premieres and 2 their European premieres. 42 are Italian productions or co-productions, and the competition will feature 40 films, including feature films, documentaries and short films, which will battle it out for the festival’s awards. The festival awarded the multi-award-winning writer of Black Souls, Francesco Munzi (who won 9 David di Donatello awards including for Best Film and Best Director) the Ischia Film Award 2015, naming him Best Director of the year. The award, which has previously been given to illustrious people from the world of film such as the French director Benoit Jacquot and the Oscar-winning Bille August, will be awarded on 29 June. As a way of promoting the land through audiovisuals in collaboration with independent festivals, the Ischia Film Festival will once again be showcasing films set on the Baltic Coast this year. In collaboration with the biggest promoter of films from Northern Europe, the Nordische Filmtage Lübeck, for the fourth year running some of the biggest cinematographic works of 2014 (none of which were released in Italy) that place greatest emphasis on the cultural identity of the countries of Northern Europe will be screened. Opening the focus will be Norwegian director Jan Vardøen with the Italian premiere of Heart of Lightness, which is based on the piece of theatre by Henrik Ibsen. The focus will feature other important films such as the Swedish film Och Piccadilly Circus ligger inte i Kumla by director Bengt Danneborn, the Finnish documentary Joka muistaa vähän enempi by Minna Valjane, the Latvian documentary Pelican in the desert by Viesturs Kairišs and a film set in the Faroe Islands, Ludo, by Katrin Ottarsdóttir, who will be attending the festival with his producer Hugin Eide. On 2 July the Ischia Film Festival will be hosting the Bari branch of Creative Europe Desk Media for an info day on the MEDIA sub-programme of Europa Creativa. -Written by Camillo De Marco for Cineuropa ↧ Basilicata: Terra di Cinema - Edoardo Leo's "Noi e La Giulia" "Lucania" Photo by Jeannine Guilyard Updated 13 July- Evening dedicated to Filmmaking in Basilicata at L'Isola del Cinema in Rome.. 20.30 - Serata speciale - Basilicata Edoardo Leo in un reading musicale accompagnato da Jonis Baschir. Ingresso gratuito 21.30 - proiezione del film Noi e la Giulia di Edoardo Leo Presente il regista e parte del cast It’s a vast, spacious land untouched and unpolluted by industry. Its rolling hills, majestic mountains and ancient buildings have stood the test of time. Throughout the years, it has served as a backdrop for iconic filmmakers like Pier Paolo Pasolini and Francesco Rosi. Now, a whole new generation of filmmakers is discovering the magic of Basilicata as a natural set, bringing the region to the world’s stage once again. Edoardo Leo’s award-winning film, “Noi e La Giulia,” is the latest high-profile film to be shot in Basilicata. Adapted from Fabio Bartolomei’s book, “Giulia 1300 e altri miracoli,” the story follows three unlikely partners as they join hands on the risky business venture of turning a dilapidated farmhouse into a modern agriturismo. The opening scenes were shot in Rome, with the remainder of the film shot in the countryside of Pomarico, situated in the hills of Matera. The farmhouse in which most of the scenes took place is called Masseria San Felice. Built in the late 18th century, the property belonged to the Castellano family, which owned much of the land in the surrounding area. Leo’s film was the first major production since the Lucana Film Commission was established, so its director, Paride Leporace, is absolutely thrilled. Leporace works tirelessly to promote the culture and filmmaking of his beloved Basilicata. He travels from south to north and everywhere in between with the region’s filmmakers to spread the word about their southern gem. Photo by Alberto Diamante I recently caught up with Edoardo Leo at the Italian Contemporary Film Festival in Toronto where “Noi e La Giulia” was shown to a packed theater. When Basilicata was mentioned as its backdrop, there was applause and cheers as proud Lucani-Canadians celebrated their beautiful cinematic land. Leo and I talked about his experience working in Basilicata and why he plans on going back. There has been a huge surge in film production in Basilicata during the last year, with movies like “Ben Hur,” “007” and your film, “Noi e La Giulia.” Tell me about your experience there. It was a great experience. In “Noi e La Giulia,” I never mention Basilicata. I wanted to shoot a sort of symbol of the south of Italy, never mentioning Campania or Cammora or the Sicilian mafia. I just wanted to be in the heart of the south. Now in Basilicata, they have a great film commission so I was able to shoot with fantastic people in a fantastic place, so I am very happy. How did you find the farmhouse? We saw the farmhouse when we started to scout locations. Sometimes you can spend more than 20 days to find the perfect location. In this movie, we just used the one location and it was the first one I saw. It was a real miracle, but after seeing that farmhouse, we were all convinced that it was perfect. We said, let’s continue to look for something else but we were all convinced that that place was perfect for the movie. Basilicata is a great place and I would like to come back to shoot another film. What makes Basilicata such a great place to shoot a film? It’s quiet with great color and great light. Did you enjoy the culture and the food, in particular? We can’t talk about Basilicata without mentioning the amazing food and of course, Matera’s famous bread. (Laughs) Yes, the food in Basilicata is great, really great. Every night, we went to Matera to eat the fish and traditional food of the region.. and the bread, too. It all was great. What do you think of all the support for your film and the pride of the people of Basilicata? They are very active and they’re very proud of their region. When you talk about Italy, you always talk about the south of Italy, and you mention Sicily, Calabria or Puglia. But in the last three or four years, they really have made Basilicata shine, and they’re right. I think in the next 10 years, more tourists will come to Italy to visit Basilicata. That is what I dream for them. Paride Leporace and his team are extremely prolific in their promotion of the region. They are very active on social media, always promoting the events in which they will attend to talk about the latest production and news of the region. Visit the Lucana Film Commission online at http://www.lucanafilmcommission.it. There, you will find links to follow them on social media. Stay tuned for more posts about Basilicata: Terra di Cinema. ↧ Al GEOpenDay la presentazione della Libreria Multimediale Geocart Il #GEOpenDay della Geocart, in programma il 26 giugno a Potenza, sarà l'occasione per lanciare alcuni nuovi prodotti altamente innovativi e digitali. Tra le attività in programma verrà presentata la nuova Libreria Multimediale Geocart. Il 26 giugno, durante il #GEOpenDay, nel Centro Entertainment & Media di Geocart, il laboratorio Digital Lighthouse, verranno mostrate alcune delle accurate ricostruzioni virtuali che sono state sviluppate durante i mesi di ricerca e si potranno osservare gli output del percorso elaborativo che i dati percorrono dal momento della loro acquisizione, fino al desktop. La scommessa di Geocart parte proprio da qui, con una nuova tecnica sviluppata dalla società che permette di sfruttare i dati provenienti dai nostri sensori e dalle tecnologie utilizzate nelle fasi di telerilevamento, per ricostruire con soluzioni inedite: accurati modelli digitali 3D e simulazioni virtuali di interi paesaggi, siti d’interesse, set, architetture o di oggetti. Le stesse Realtà Virtuali, potranno essere esplorate con tecnologia immersiva ed in particolare attraverso l'utilizzo degli occhiali Oculus Rift, sui quali la Geocart sta continuando i test e la preparazione di Demo. Un'esperienza multi sensoriale che permette di immergersi completamente in realtà parallele, che siano fedeli ricostruzioni o scenari di completa fantasia, ma sempre frutto di innovative elaborazioni al computer. Con la Realtà Virtuale viene avvertito lo spazio anche se il proprio corpo non è lì! E' una frattura sensoriale, un'asincronia, la base per infinite sperimentazioni narrative. Propri a partire da 26 Giugno, attraverso il portale geocartspa.it, l'utente verrà accompagnato in viaggi virtuali interattivi e potrà ammirare alcuni siti lucani di rilevanza storico/culturale, potrà esaminare i modelli 3D, girarci intorno e ritornare a volare nella realtà virtuale per trasferirsi in un'altro luogo. Importanti architetture storiche della città di Potenza come il Ponte Musmeci, la Cattedrale di San Gerardo, Torre Guevara o quelle presenti a Matera, Capitale europea della cultura 2019, come la Cripta del Peccato Originale e il Castello Tramontano, saranno alcuni dei luoghi visitabili interattivamente sulla nostra libreria. Elementi distintivi della soluzione firmata Geocart, riguarda la compresenza di tre livelli di visualizzazione, pensati per migliorare l'esperienza di navigazione: il primo, l'interfaccia di ingresso, sarà una cartografia digitale intuitiva che metterà in evidenza le città o i luoghi in cui saranno presenti le ricostruzioni virtuali; selezionata la città o il luogo da "visitare", si accederà al secondo livello, navigando attraverso un modello 3D "Point Cloud" su cui saranno presenti le architetture elaborate. I modelli Point Cloud - nuvole di punti - sono delle suggestive rappresentazioni 3D, frutto dell'elaborazione dei dati provenienti dai sensori Laser Scanner e da fotocamere digitali ad alta risoluzione, utilizzati nelle fasi di telerilevamento aereo e terrestre. Il laser scanner rappresenta uno dei sensori innovativi che la Geocart utilizza per le attività di telerilevamento, per "radiografare il territorio", ed è il principale sensore alla base delle nuove tecniche di computer grafica implementate dalla società. I dati point cloud infatti, sono un'output intermedio della catena di processamento che permette di ottenere modelli 3D accurati e realistici. Ultimo livello di interazione con la libreria multimediale, è rappresentato infine, dalla visualizzazione delle accurate realtà virtuali dei siti e delle architetture di interesse. Inoltre, con un apposito comando, potrà essere lanciato il rendering della struttura che si sta visitando e visualizzare il modello nella sua ricostruzione più completa e realistica, con un livello di dettaglio elevatissimo. E' proprio qui che la distanza tra mondo reale e virtuale diventa nullo e le due dimensioni si confonderanno inevitabilmente. Ogni tour virtuale, inoltre, sarà arricchito da informazioni storiche e scientifiche dei modelli visitati e da foto e testimonianze bibliografiche riportate in chiave moderna e critica. L'utente diventerà il "Caronte" di se stesso in un viaggio alla scoperta di luoghi, segreti e informazioni pensati, raccontati e visualizzati per rendere unico e piacevole il soggiorno nel mondo digitale. ↧ ↧ Actor Domenico Centamore: Pride and Passion for his Sicilian Culture He’s had roles in some of the biggest Italian blockbusters of the new millennium and the one thing they all have in common is a fearless protagonist willing to fight until the end against organized crime. Sicilian born actor, Domenico Centamore is proud of his heritage and has worked on films that make strong statements against the corruption his culture has had to endure. He’s had roles in widely popular Mafia-themed films such as “I cento passi” (One Hundred Steps), “La mafia uccide solo d’estate (The Mafia Only Kills in Summer) and most recently, “Anime nere” (Black Souls). Centamore has an impressive list of credits to his name. He's worked in both film and television, portraying complex characters, some of which seem to border on the line of insanity. When he acts, it's obvious that he wholeheartedly believes in his character. His gaze is penetrating, as you can see in the clip below from "I cento passi" with Luigi Lo Cascio, and he sincerely gives a performance that comes straight from the soul. When we began our informal interview a few weeks ago, Centamore at first seemed a man of few words but then his pride and passion for his Sicilian culture took over and he shared some very special cinematic moments with me. He's especially proud of the work he and his colleagues have done through filmmaking to take a stand against organized crime in their regions and communities. My intention was to talk about the numerous David di Donatello nominations and then sweep for “Anime nere” but he had so many other things he wanted to talk about. During our interview, I also learned that he is somewhat of a composer and was nominated for a David di Donatello for his work on Pierfrancesco Diliberto's (Pif) “La mafia uccide solo d’estate”. Jeannine: Tell me about your experience working on “Anime nere”. Domenico Centamore: Working on “Anime nere” was an extraordinary journey in Calabria. Munzi managed to create a good mix of professional and non-professional actors. He made us recite our lines in Calabrian dialect, and for me it was my first acting experience that was not my dialect. My character, Rosario was a member of the Carbone family. The film shows the stark reality, and unfortunately is the true story of how people in these situations live. The story of “Anime nere” is really a Greek tragedy that takes place within the ‘Ndragheta of Africo, Calabria. Since you were previously involved in the mafia stories,“I cento passi” and “La mafia uccide solo d’estate”, was it meaningful for you to be involved with another film that speaks of the life-changing effects of the mafia? I am from Scordia, which is located in the Sicilian province of Catania. However, Sicily and Calabria are similar lands where the gangs have done a lot of damage, as you can see in these films, “Anime nere”, “I cento passi” and “La mafia uccide solo d’estate”. So, it’s really been a privilege to take part in all these projects. How do you feel about the success of "Anime nere" at the David di Donatello’s? I didn’t attend the David di Donatello awards show this year. However, I was there last year and had a very beautiful experience as I was a nominee for “Best Original Song” on another great movie, Pif’s film, “La mafia uccide solo d’estate”. I was at the premiere for "Anime nere"at the 2014 Venice Film Festival where we received 15 minutes of applause. Tell me about the song you wrote for Pif’s film. The name of the song is “Tosami Lady”. It’s a parody of the song by Ivana Spagna, an Italian singer that in the film, was deeply admired by the mafia boss, Bagarella. (Check out the song below in the closing credits of the film) You gave a beautiful, heartfelt performance in “I cento passi” alongside Luigi Lo Cascio. It seemed a very special role for you. It was my first film, and remains in my heart for many reasons. The story of Peppino Impastato is heartwarming for Sicilians and he set an example for everyone. We traced his footsteps by shooting in the actual places in Cinisi (the town in which the film was made) where he spent time, and we got to know his mother. So, this character, Peppino, really existed and as we were shooting around town, many people came up to us and told anecdotes about Peppino and the character that I play. It created an extraordinary atmosphere among the actors and we really felt that we were doing something important. It was a unique experience because all the actors, including Luigi Lo Cascio were just starting out. It was also the producer, Fabrizio’s first film and Pif was working as an intern. Every time I see it, I still get emotional. What are the similarities between Pif's "La mafia uccide solo d'estate" and Marco Tullio Giordana's "I cento passi"? Themessageis the same. Never forget these people who sacrificed so much for what they believed in.. and we must keep their memory alive. Centamore is currently working on two television projects. His latest, a role in Rai Uno's "Il giovane Montalbano" can be seen in upcoming episodes of the popular Italian series. Then in July and August, check him out in the role of Inspector Cariddi on Rai Uno's "Lampedusa", a show about the illegal immigrants that arrive on the Italian island. Lampedusa has become the main entry point for immigrants from Africa. Many never make it because of the dangerous conditions on the boats. The issue has emerged as one of Europe's most serious and controversial topics, so this would be a great show to catch if you're in Italy. ↧ Anna Magnani- Unconventional Cinema Royalty She is one of the most revered actresses in the history of cinema and her memory lives on in some of the most influential films of all time. Born in Rome in 1908, Anna Magnani became a highly respected Academy Award winning actress, but her beginnings were anything but glamorous. Magnani grew up in poverty. She was raised by her grandmother after her mother left at a young age, and she never knew her father. It was clear before long that Magnani was a natural born performer. She worked her way through Rome's Academy of Dramatic Art by singing in local clubs around Rome and its countryside. Her first role was in a 1920's silent film, but Vittorio De Sica's 1941 film, "Teresa Venerdì" was the first to earn her critical acclaim. Four years later came her breakout role in Roberto Rossellini's 1945 classic, "Rome, Open City". The movie broke new ground, being the first work of the neorealistic era of filmmaking and put Anna Magnani on international radar and paved the way for a prolific career in film that would last right up until the end of her life in 1973. Magnani won an Academy Award in 1955 for her role as Serafina Delle Rose played opposite Burt Lancaster in Tennessee Williams' screen version of "The Rose Tattoo". Magnani was known for her realistic portraits of salt of the earth characters who faced hard economic and social times in a post-war world. She gave strong, passionate personalities to each character that she portrayed and made each one come alive and light up with screen through her vast talent and empathy. Although she is considered cinema royalty, she was never one to embrace they lifestyle of a movie star. She is quoted as saying, "I hate respectability. Give me the life of the streets, of common people." There is no doubt, however, that she was indeed respected not only by her fans and critics, but by her peers as well. Magnani worked with some of the most talented filmmakers of her time including Marlon Brando, Pier Paolo Pasolini, Alberto Lattuada, Federico Fellini, Roberto Rossellini, Eduardo De Filippo, Luchino Visconti and Vittorio De Sica, all of whom are now considered legends in cinema. She gave so many incredible performances but if I had to pick my favorite, it would be her role in "Mamma Roma". This 1962 masterpiece by Pier Paolo Pasolini is by far my favorite Anna Magnani film, and is filled with exquisite beauty and tragic sadness. It's the story of a mother trapped in a world of prostitution as she tries to support her son and give him the things she never had. Magnani owns every scene, all of which are set against the social economic landscape of the early 60's. You cannot help but pull for her as she tries so desperately to escape the world that she just can't leave behind. Her beloved son gets mixed up with the wrong crowd and reaches out to her only to find that it's too late. The outstanding performances by Anna Magnani and Ettore Garofolo, who plays her son, will make you laugh one minute and cry the next. Because of her international success and the success of the filmmakers with whom she collaborated, many of her films are easily attainable today giving new generations the opportunity to enjoy her timeless and enormous talent. ↧ Model/Actress Anna Falchi Anna Falchi was born Anna Kristiina Palomaki, on April 22, 1972, inTampere, Finland. Her mother, Kaarina Palomaki Sisko, is Finnish, while her father, Benito "Tito" Falchi, is from Romagna, Italy. Growing up in Italy, Anna was a tomboy, and had a fervent imagination. She is known mostly for her prolific career in modelling. However, she tried her hand at acting and landed a role in one of my favorite Italian comedies, "Nessun messaggio in segreteria". I consider it my one of my favorites because it brought together so many amazing, talented filmmakers during a time when they were all just starting out. Those filmmakers, Pierfrancesco Favino, Valerio Mastandrea, Luca Miniero and Paolo Genovese are now huge names in contemporary Italian cinema, so it's great to look back and see their work in a low-profile film completely different from the bigger-budget stardom they now know.Watch the trailer. Anna Falchi started her career as a model. She first appeared on TV in a commercial for an Italian bank in 1992. The ad starred Paolo Villaggio, and was actually directed by Federico Fellini. This helped her launch a film career, starting with "Nel continente nero" (On the Dark Continent) in 1993. She appeared in a number of films since, including the 1994 fantasy movie "Desideria e l'Anello del Drago" and then more recently in the comedy "Nessun messaggio in segreteria". She has also been a popular television personality, hosting various specials on Italian TV.She is less known in the English speaking world. Some fans of the horror comic Dylan Dog, know her as the lead female in a film adaptation called "Dellamorte Dellamore", which was released in the U.S.as "Cemetery Man". I caught up with Anna while she was in New York. We talked about her diverse background and what it was like working with two cinema greats, Federico Fellini and Pierfrancesco Favino. What was it like growing up in two cultures, with your mother from Finland and your father from Italy? It was beautiful. I grew up in northern Italy, in Rimini. My parents were teachers, so it was never expected that I would become an actress. But they've always been very supportive. My brother is a producer and we have our own production company. So, it's great to work with him. I like producing because I enjoy helping young actors and actresses, and giving them the opportunity to work. Also, I don't always want to be on camera. When did you start working as a model? I started modeling when I was 14 years old. I would just do it on weekends. It was good for me because when I was a child, my family used to move a lot, so I was always changing schools and houses. Modeling gave me the opportunity to work and meet people, so there was no chance to be lonely. Tell me about your first on-camera job, and working with Federico Fellini. I spent 10 days working with Fellni on a commercial for a bank. It was shot in Rimini, so it was great to be home. He was very sweet. When he directed me, he told me to just be myself. He said that he wanted to work with me again, but sadly he died shortly after. What it was like to work with Pierfrancesco Favino on "Nessun messaggio in segreteria"? It was great to work with Pierfrancesco. He usually plays hard roles, but in this film, he was a little shy and funny. I really enjoyed working with him. I liked my character because she was not only a dancer, she had a big heart and also struggled with loneliness. What do you think of Italian cinema today and roles that are being offered to women? Well, we are not very international because we produce inexpensive movies. We have a few big directors who are successful outside of Italy, like Gabrielle Salvatores and Gabrielle Muccino. The starring roles usually go to men with supporting roles going to women. I think it's because younger people go to see movies and they prefer younger stories, not a woman's story. Those tides are changing with a whole new crop of strong female directors and actresses like Laura Bispuri, Anna Foglietta and Paola Cortellesi, just to name a few. These days, Anna Falchi is laying low and embracing her newest adventure in motherhood. Now 43-years-old, she’s an outspoken advocate of health and fitness, and recently made a Red Carpet appearance in support of Rome’s new sports arena,Mondo Fitness. ↧ Catching Up with Neapolitan Artist, Musician and Filmmaker- RiccardoZinna Born in Naples in 1958, Riccardo Zinna truly is a jack of all trades. He's a natural born artist who does it all. He's an actor, musician and visual artist with no formal training. Yet, he has risen to the top of his game in each of his artistic fields. He credits his mother's passion for life and her support and confidence in him to live his life freely and do what makes him happy. Zinna is best known in Italy as a television and film star. He has done many supporting roles in high profile films such as Gabriele Salvatores' thriller, "Io non ho paura" and Nanni Morretti's, "Caro diario." However, he’s proven that he can carry the lead role as well. He did so with great success in Toni D'Angelo's 2008 breakout hit, "Una Notte." The film follows a group of old friends who were brought together by the sudden death of one of their comrades. Zinna takes on the role of a musician who gave up on his dream for a more realistic career in finance. He rediscovers his passion for music after spending a night traveling the streets of Naples with his beloved old friends and an eccentric taxi driver played by the director’s iconic father and Neapolitan crooner, Nino D'Angelo. Read my interview with Toni D'Angelo In addition to film, he has been a key player in an elite group of Neapolitan artists who go between cinema, television and theatre. That group includes what I like to call, maestros in the making; Silvio Orlando, Toni Servillo, Paolo Sorrentino and of course, Riccardo Zinna. These filmmakers, full of Neapolitan pride, have taken the stories and landscapes from their historic homeland and transmitted them throughout the world through their passion and their art. Riccardo and moi at his art exhibit in Rome I spoke with Riccardo Zinna about his career and the famous Neapolitans with whom he collaborates. It seems that you have been acting nearly all of your life. Have you always felt that your destiny was to be an actor? Absolutely not! When I was 16 years old, I was in a band where I sang and played guitar. Silvio Orlando, who went on to become a famous actor in Italy, was also in the group. He played the flute. From there, we took part in a theatre production under the direction of maestro, Roberto De Simone, writer and director of the now legendary production, "La gatta cenerentola”. After that experience, I became busy with theatre and founded a company in the 70's that collaborated on productions with other companies in the community. So everything just fell into place. Read my interview with Silvio Orlando. Have your Neapolitan origins influenced your work as an artist? Yes, Naples has definitely influenced my work as an artist. It's a magical city, rich with inspiration. Life is sometimes difficult in Naples, but it has a unique vitality that really cannot be found anywhere else in the world. Video Clip from "Nessun messaggio in segreteria" - Scene with Pierfrancsco Favino Tell me about your experience working on "Una Notte". What was it like working with someone as experienced as Nino D’Angelo while also working with his son Toni, who is a new filmmaker? It was such a joy to work on this film. It took about a month to shoot, and to go through Naples at night for four weeks, is already an experience in itself! (Even if most travel agencies would not advise it!) Then if you have a taxi driver named Nino D'Angelo driving you around, it becomes an exceptional experience! Nino D'Angelo adores Naples and to spend time driving around with him at night really heightened the experienced and showed Naples for the amazing place that it is. Perhaps because it's an independent film, there was a perfect harmony between cast and crew, something rarely found on the set of bigger productions. The crew faced many challenges in making this smaller production reach the standards requiring it to be viewed in a competitive arena with other big budget movies. It ended up being a huge success and has been recognized all over the world. The film's success can be attributed to the director's passion, enthusiasm and determination to tell this story and turn his dream into a reality. With a low budget film like this, it was interesting to see the creative process take over where the expensive technical equipment couldn't otherwise provide. It's a combination of the atmosphere on the set, the beautiful city of Naples, the intensity of the subject matter and the great company of the cast and crew that makes me feel privileged to have worked on this film. Tell me about your experience working with another one of your Neapolitan counterparts, Toni Servillo. In one half of its 90 years, I have participated in the show "Zingari" by Raffaele Viviani under the direction of Toni Servillo. We took part in a major tour, which brought us all over Italy and Europe. It was an interesting experience to work with such a talented director and cast. Toni is a highly respected actor and director with a deep respect for his profession. He has a clear vision of what he wants to achieve through cinema, and he obtains those goals through hard work. He is always studying his craft. You've also built a name for yourself in the music industry. How long have you been playing? Do you usually play professionally, or is it a hobby for you? I have always been involved in music. I started playing guitar when I was 12 years old. Then I started to play the trumpet. I never intended to make a profession out of it, but through the years, I have composed music for theatre productions and radio broadcasts. Recently, I did the soundtrack for Toni D'Angelo's latest film, which was in competition at last year's Venice Film Festival. The film is a documentary about poets living and working in Rome. You're also a visual artist... When did you begin to paint When I was a teenager in high school, I took some art classes but it's only been within the last 10 years that I picked up a paint brush and started to paint again. It's something that I really enjoy. Are there any artists (visual, film or music) that have influenced your work? Well, I imagine that everything that I've gone through in life, all of the experiences that I've had are reflected in my work. However, I recently saw something on You Tube that really moved me. It was an old film choreographed by Pina Bausch for "The Man I Love" by Gershwin. It's just fantastic! Are there any filmmakers that you'd still like to work with? Yes, there are many, such as Martin Scorsese, Quentin Tarantino, Aki Kaurismaky, Emir Kusturica, Kim Ki Duk, Milos Forman and Pedro Almodóvar.. just to name a few! Riccardo Zinna has already achieved so much in his life and career as an artist, but he's just getting started. He continues to paint, compose music and explore his Neapolitan roots in film and theatre. Many of Zinna’s films are available for purchase through Amazon, including "Benvenuti al Sud", "Io non ho paura" and "Caro diario". ↧ ↧ Dormiveglia Mediterraneo- Workshop in Sicilia con Antonello Faretta A fine luglio Antonello Faretta terrà un workshop nella Pinacoteca di Capo d’Orlando in Sicilia nell’ambito dell’Atelier delle Arti e del Cinema di Ricerca di Nomadica. Il titolo sarà Dormiveglia Mediterraneo, Immagini per mettersi a Riparo. Sarà un workshop sul tema del dormiveglia, quel crinale incerto tra Sonno e Veglia dove camminano precarie le immagini di confine tra Sogno, Realtà e Finzione. Dormiveglia come incubatore della Visione. Mediterraneo non luogo della luce bensì dell’ombra. Dormiveglia Mediterraneo come stato di grazia che produce immagini senza luce e senza macchine da presa. Immagini che fanno ombra, che mettono al riparo. Il bando e la scheda di iscrizione sono scaricabili qui. End of July Antonello Faretta will held a workshop at Pinacoteca di Capo d’Orlando in Sicily as part of the Atelier delle Arti e del Cinema di Ricerca di Nomadica. The title is Dormiveglia Mediterraneo, Immagini per mettersi a Riparo. Regulations and entry form here. ↧ Andrea Segre's "Shun Li and the Poet" Voted Best Film by School Children Andrea Segre’s Shun Li and the Poet has won Best Film at the first Fred at School initiative, voted for by students. This was announced at the first ever Fred at School “Building New Audiences for European Cinema” conference, held in London on 2 July. The other nominees, shortlisted from the European Parliament’s LUX Prize competition, were Olivier Masset-Depasse’s Illegal, Filippos Tsitos’ Akadimia Platonos Gabriela Pichler’s Eat Sleep Die. Shun Li co-writer Marco Pettenello was present to acknowledge the honor, and in his remarks he lauded the short-listing of a Greek film and said that Greece belongs in the European Union. Shun Li works in a textile factory in the outskirts of Rome, in order to get her papers and enable her eight-year-old son to come to Italy. She is suddenly transferred to Chioggia, a small city-island in the Veneto lagoon, to work as a bartender in a pub. Bepi, a Slavic fisherman, nicknamed “the Poet” by his friends, has been a regular at that little pub for years. The friendship between Shun Li and Bepi upsets both the Chinese and local communities, who interfere with this new voyage, which they are perhaps simply too afraid of. Fred at School is an educational audience development project supported by the European Union’s Creative Europe programme and presented by Fred Film Radio to raise awareness of European films and culture among young people. This year, students with a mean age of 15, from schools in the UK, Germany, Italy, France, Spain, Croatia, Romania and Iceland, participated. It is an inclusive project with films made accessible to visually and hearing-impaired audiences, and the films selected were age-appropriate and with subject matter relating to issues of European citizenship. ↧ Cinema Greats- Giuseppe Rotunno and Franco Zeffirelli honored this week The beauty about Italian cinema is that its past continues to flourish while new filmmakers emerge creating their own masterpieces and future classics. When I talk to the contemporary filmmakers, they always give credit to their predecessors, acknowledging and respecting the foundation those maestros painstakingly built. This weekend, two beautiful stories have come out of Italy, paying tribute to two icons of the past.. and the really special part of this is that both filmmakers are still living and very involved with the new generation of Italian filmmakers. The 2015 Masters of Light at TDC is celebrating legendary cinematographer Giuseppe Rotunnowith screenings of five of his films "illustrating his artistry and genius" .. and the announcement of a museum dedicated to the work of Franco Zeffirelli was just made in his hometown of Florence. Giuseppe Rotunno Rotunno is oneof the most prominent cinematographers of all time. Throughout the decades, he has collaborated on great masterpieces of cinema alongside directors such as Federico Fellini, Mario Monicelli, Luchino Visconti and Terry Gilliam. His debut in film dates back to 1943, as a camera assistant on L’uomo dalla Croce by Roberto Rossellini. In 1956, his debut as a cinematographer working alongside director CarmineGallone on Tosca (1956), Le notti bianche (1956) by Luchino Visconti and Montecarlo (1956) by Sam Taylor. At the end of the 50s, Rotunno shootsLa grande guerra (1959) by Mario Monicelli and Policarpo, official writing (1959) by Mario Soldati, for which he’s awarded, respectively, with Best B&W Cinematography and BestColor Cinematography at the 1960 Silver Ribbon Awards. In the 60s, signature large films like Rocco e i suoi fratelli (1960) byLuchino Visconti, for which he won the Silver Ribbon for BestB&W Cinematography. Again with Luchino Visconti, he shot an episode of Boccaccio‘70 (1962), Il Gattopardo (1963), winner of the Silver Ribbon for BestColor Cinematography, and Lo straniero (1967). In those years, he also worked with Vittorio de Sica on Ieri, oggi, domani (1963), John Huston on TheBible (1966), that earned him a Gold Plaque for BestCinematography at the David di Donatello, and started his collaboration with Federico Fellini on Toby Dammit (1968), followed by Satyricon (1969), for which Rotunno won another Silver Ribbon Award for BestColor Cinematography. The collaboration with Fellini continued on Roma (1972), Amarcord (1973), Casanova (1976), Prova d’orchestra (1978), La città delle donne (1980) and E la nave va (1983), the being the latter awared both at the Silver Ribbon and David di Donatello for BestCinematography. Rotunno also served as cinematographer for Julia & Julia (directed by Peter Del Monte, 1987), the first feature shot using high definition television taping techniques, then transferred to 35mm film for theatrical release. With All That Jazz (1979) by Bob Fosse, Giuseppe Rotunno earned an Oscar nomination for BestCinematography and won a BAFTA Award. In 1999, Rotunno’s extraordinary achievements in the art and craft of cinematography were underlined by three prestigious awards: a Golden Globe Career Award, a Golden Frog Award for Lifetime Achievement at Camerimage (1999), and the International Achievement Award from the ASC – American Society of Cinematographers (1999). For 20 years, Giuseppe Rotunno has been the Head of Cinematography at theCentro Sperimentale di Cinematografia– Italy’s national film school, influencing new generations of Italian cinematographers through his unique and charismatic method. In 1966, Giuseppe Rotunno was the first non-American cinematographer admitted to the ASC – American Society of Cinematographers. He has also served as President of AIC – the Italian Society of Cinematographers, of which he has been nominated Honorary Member in 2014. Franco Zeffirelli Franco Zeffirelli was bornGianfranco Corsi on February 12, 1923 in Florence. He is a prolific filmmaker, who has worked as director, designer and producer of opera, theater, film and television. He is revered for his "authentic details and grand scale" of his opera productions and film adaptations of Shakespeare. Zeffirelli attended the University of Florence to study architecture, but while there he became involved with the university’s theatre company. His studies were interrupted by Germany’s occupation of Italy, and he became a Partisan, serving as an interpreter for the Scots Guard. When the war was over, he went to Rome to pursue a career in theatre. n 1946, he joined Luchino Visconti’s Morelli-Stoppa Company as an actor and stage director. After working with Visconti on La terra trema (1948; The Earth Trembles) and other films, Zeffirelli began to concentrate on stage design. His first major design for opera was a production (1952–53) of Gioachino Rossini’s L’Italiana in Algeri for La Scala, Milan. He worked on a number of other opera and theatre productions—including the operas La traviata, Lucia di Lammermoor, La Bohème, Tosca, Falstaff, and Carmen—from the 1950s through the beginning of the 21st century. He also began to direct films. Among his major films are three Shakespeare adaptations: a richly produced The Taming of the Shrew (1967), with Richard Burton and Elizabeth Taylor; Romeo and Juliet (1968), in which he for the first time featured teenage actors in the title roles; and Hamlet (1990), with Mel Gibson. His later films include Jane Eyre (1996), Tea with Mussolini (1999), and Callas Forever (2002). He continued to film operas such as I Pagliacci (1981), Cavalleria rusticana (1982), Otello (1986), and La Bohème (2008), working in several roles, including director, producer and costume designer. We will keep you updated on the progress of the museum dedicated to Zefferelli. Sources-www.terradicinema.comandwww.britannica.com ↧ Vittorio De Sica- Father of the Oscar for Best Foreign Language Film From 1917 right up until his untimely death in 1974, Vittorio De Sica worked non-stop to become one of the most prolific filmmakers of our time. With nearly 200 films to his credit, including beloved classics like, “The Bicycle Thieves” and “Two Women”, Vittorio De Sica created timeless portraits of characters struggling to survive in the darkest of days. Like the common theme in many of his films, De Sica grew up with the bare minimum. Born into poverty in 1901 in the town of Sora, a picturesque village situated along the banks of the Liri river near the Simbruini Mountains in Lazio, De Sica lived in a town stricken with hardship. Perhaps that is why he was a leading force in the Neorealism movement; a film movement which was born out of the necessity to make films with very little resources in the wake of World War II. My blog on how Neorealism influences today's Italian filmmakers Liri River waterfall In his films, De Sica’s characters search for hope and beauty among desolation. Perhaps he drew from his own experience growing up in such a beautiful place, which includes Sora’s neighboring commune, Isola del Liri, a charming island, which houses two famous waterfalls; visual muses for artists throughout time. De Sica grew up with nothing among this beautiful landscape in which he prospered as an artist, and adapted that experience and message for his neorealist films. De Sica began his film career in 1917 with a part in Alfredo De Antoni’s silent adventure film, “Il processo Clémenceau” (The Clemenceau Affair). Shortly thereafter, he began a successful stint in theater, in which his dashing looks made him a local stage idol. De Sica enjoyed both stage and screen, appearing in both art forms throughout the 1920’s. The next decade would go on to really launch his career. In 1932, he made his “talkie” film debut in “La Vecchia Signora” and at the same time, he and his first wife, Giuditta Rissone founded their own theater company along with fellow actor and playwright, Sergio Tofano. The company prospered, specializing in comedies, but also featured the work of big-name directors like Luchino Visconti. Meanwhile, his film career was flourishing and he was making a name for himself as a respected comedy actor. De Sica is responsible for making Italian Cinema a front runner at the Academy Awards. During his golden years, six of De Sica’s films were praised by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. The first of those was his 1946 neorealist film, “Sciuscià” (Shoeshine) in which he stepped behind the camera to direct. The film played a pivotal role in the international acclaim that Italian cinema would go to achieve. “Sciuscià” (see video clip) is the story of two friends, Giuseppe and Pasquale who test-ride horses and dream of owning one themselves. They work on the streets of Rome as shoeshine boys in the depressed economy of Post-War Italy. The boys become the scapegoats of a complex theft and their lives are destroyed. The story is a heartbreaking testament to the financial distress Italians faced in the wake of World War II. The film received an Honorary Award at the Oscars and was the inspiration behind the category of the award for Best Foreign Film as it was the first foreign film to be acknowledged by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Two years later, De Sica made “Ladri di biciclette” (The Bicycle Theif). The film is truly one of the masterpieces of Italian cinema, and of cinema as a whole. “Ladri di biciclette” is the story of a Roman family struggling to survive on the streets of Rome, again in the wake of World War II. Antonio Ricci, played by Lamberto Maggiorani is desperately searching to support his family of four. When he is offered a position posting advertisements around the city, he tells his wife that he has to decline because he needs a bike and obviously cannot afford to buy one. She is so happy that he has finally been offered a job, she pawns all her bed sheets and humble valuables to raise the money for the bike. The two are so ecstatic; they enjoy a beautiful victory ride home, her on the handlebars rejoicing their new life. Then on the first day of work, Antonio’s bike is stolen. What follows is a portrait of desperation and the lengths a father and young son will go to find justice. The film also won an Honorary Award at the Oscar’s and to this day, is considered one of the classic films of all-time. "Umberto D", De Sica's 1952 neorealist film and heart wrenching story of an elderly man and his dog struggling to survive on his pension, earned an Oscar nomination for its screenplay by Cesare Zavattini. "Sciuscià" and "Ladri di biciclette” were awarded honorary Oscars, while De Sica's 1963, "Ieri, oggi, domani" and his 1971, "Il giardino dei Finzi Contini" won the official awards for Best Foreign Language Film. And speaking of "Ieri, oggi, domani", which starred Sophia Loren, the two proved to be a match made in Oscar heaven, and made that adorable "striptease" scene infamous (See video clip). Three of their films received nominations or the prized trophy. The other two films were De Sica's 1960 "La Ciociara" (Two Women) which earned Loren an Oscar for Best Actress, making her the first actor to be awarded the honor for a performance in a foreign film; and De Sica's 1964, "Matrimonio all'italiana" (Marriage Italian-Style), which earned two nominations for Best Foreign Film and Best Actress. De Sica's personal life didn't go quite as well as his professional life. He was known to be a gambler, many times losing big and in turn taking on less-interesting projects just to ease the financial pressure. He did, however, leave a cinematic heir. In 1951, De Sica’s second wife, Spanish actress Maria Mercader, gave birth to their son, Christian, who would go on to follow in his father’s footsteps. Christian De Sica planted his performing roots in music but fate took over and he has since become a celebrated comic actor and director known for his hilarious sketches of Roman characters and infamous Cinepanettone Christmas comedies. He is absolutely adored by audiences in Italy. He is married to the sister of fellow actor/director, Carlo Verdone. Vittorio De Sica’s legacy lives on the masterpieces he created, and the unique way in which he documented a difficult time in Italy's history through his neorealist films. Fortunately, many of his films are readily available. ↧ ↧ Basilicata: Terra di Cinema- Interview with Patchanka Soledada Frontman As part of my series, "Basilicata: Terra di Cinema, I am revisiting an article that I wrote for Chicago's Fra Noi Magazine back in 2007. It was inspired by a music video by the music group, Patchanka Soledada. I've written often about the new generation of Italian filmmakers who take their cameras to the streets and offer a real perspective on everyday Italian life. Well, I discovered a wonderful film in which a group of artists have done just that. Musicians turned filmmakers. It’s indie filmmaking at its finest and now it has brought to light one Basilicata town via the internet. Matera-based music group, Patchanka Soledada has created a short film to showcase their song, La più bella del mondo. The clip, which features a local couple walking around the ancient Italian town, has been watched by thousands and has brought international attention to the group and the beautiful scenic town in which they live. The uniqueness of the film can be found in the musical instruments that play a direct role in everything the couple does from driving in the car to eating at the local pizzeria to strolling along the promenade. The band used local Matera eateries, Ristorante Stano and Pizzeria Il Rugantino to give the video an authentic feel that transports you right to southern Italy. I spoke with the lead singer of the group, Nicola Petrillo, whose stage name is Pedro Wadada. He told me about the making of the film, the symbolism of the instruments and how his southern Italian town inspires the band’s work. First, tell me about Patchanka Soledada. Patchanka Soledada's music is upbeat, thoughtful and intense. But at the same time, it’s amusing and funny. It’s a mixture of sounds and colors that give our band an indefinable sound. From reggae to ska to rocksteady, we use several sounds to express every mood. What is the concept behind your short film and the reason you chose to use instruments in the scenes with the actors? With the help of some friends, we took on the huge challenge of making a music video. With the director, Giancarlo Fontana, and our executive producers at Bluvideo, we recruited local actors. The idea, born from one of my suggestions, was to launch the message that life is music, music is love and love is life in a continuous circle without limits. The instruments are in the hands of common people because in a way, each one of us plays something. In everything people do, they are playing music. So, this big world we live in is just made of notes. There are still multifaceted unsolved meanings to the film and I’m very happy that many people are trying to give their own meaning to it. I believe that this is the magic of art: each person can read into it and relate to it in their own way. Does the beauty and charm of Matera play a role in your work? Of course! Starting from our town Matera and including our entire region, our landscapes resonate a huge potential in ourselves. Our work shows the territory, its beauty, its hidden treasures, its possibilities…as well as its contradictions and problems. It couldn’t be different. In this area, you can live a life still linked to the land, where years of history are visible wherever you look. The peace, the slow pace of life and the tranquility inspire us. But words don’t do these places justice. You can just live them. You can sip a glass of Aglianico, but in words, it has no flavor. What is your dream? My dream is to live the music without ever getting bored of it, without big ambitions or unattainable dreams, without insincerity or false modesty. I would like simply to wake up in the morning and be sure that my role in this world is to be a musician! And whether he knows it, this musician is also a talented filmmaker. Eight years later, the band is still together. Check them out on Facebook or go to the band’s website at www.patchankasoledada.com. ↧ Italian Independent Film Channel Launched The best works from the most important international festivals, which until now, have not been granted a place on the mainstream circuits, can be seen on Indiefilmchannel.tv. The first online Italian video-on-demand platform of its kind is dedicated solely to independent films. Cineuropa.com is reporting that the new indie channel boasts a catalogue of over 1,000 titles, split into ten categories from animation to horror, and encompassing short films, documentaries and features All of the portal’s features can also be accessed via a smartphone or tablet, which means that independent cinema is available in pocket-sized format on all iOS and Android device. This innovative platform’s offering is now being enriched by the addition of 20 new titles from the library of Istituto Luce Cinecittà, one of the key players in the film sector, which, like Indiefilmchannel, is committed to fostering Italian cinema, both within Italy and abroad. Among the new titles that are available to view are Good Morning Aman by Claudio Noce, his feature debut; L'estate sta finendo, the second feature by Stefano Tummolini; Angosto, the first film by Jorge Sánchez-Cabezudo; and Small Homeland by Alessandro Rossetto, one of the most highly regarded names in Italian documentary – this, his debut feature, was presented at the Venice Film Festival in the Horizons section, as well as at the Rotterdam and Copenhagen International Film Festivals. Of note in the documentary section are Fuoristrada by Elisa Amoruso, an examination of transsexuality through the trials and tribulations of a family that appears to be unconventional only on the surface, presented at the most recent Rome Film Festival, and The Last Shepherd by Marco Bonfanti, which was presented at 70 festivals the world over. These are joined by Musica cubana by German Kral, a pupil of Wim Wenders’, who acted as a producer on this title; Beat Paradeby Luigi and Corrado Rizza, which is a depiction of Italy in the 1960s, along with its music and the lifestyle of that era; and Terramatta by Costanza Quatriglio, one of the most highly awarded documentary films of the last few years. ↧ The Infinite bellezza of Gina Lollobrigida She has been called the most beautiful woman in the world and at 88 years old, she is still a sight to behold as all that outer beauty mirrors the talent and inner beauty of this true, complete artist. Gina Lollobrigida, the iconic actress, the photojournalist and the sculptress, was born Luigina Lollobrigida on the 4th of July, 1932 in Subiaco, Italy, a town located in the Province of Rome, near the picturesque tourist destination of Tivoli. Adored by audiences on both sides of the Atlantic, Lollobrigida has worked with some of the biggest names in Hollywood including Humphrey Bogart, Rock Hudson, Frank Sinatra, Anthony Quinn and Shelly Winters. She acted opposite Bob Hope in his 1968 comedy, "The Private Navy of Sgt. O'Farrell" and even joined him on one of his many visits to the military troops overseas. Like many of her Italian screen siren counterparts, Lollobrigida got her start in local beauty contests and from there went into modeling before trying her hand at acting. In 1946, she made her onscreen debut with a small role in Riccardo Freda's "Aquila Nera" (Return of the Black Eagle) which starred Italy's beloved Gino Cervi. After that, it was one film after another for Lollobrigida. Then in 1953, she made her Hollywood debut in John Huston's, "Beat the Devil" with Humphrey Bogart and Jennifer Jones. Her role as Maria Dannreuther caught the attention of American audiences and she became an instant Hollywood star. Just two years later, she was nicknamed, "The Most Beautiful Woman in the World", with the release of her trademark movie, "La donna più bella del mondo" (Beautiful But Dangerous), in which she played the infamous role of Lina Cavalieri, the Italian peasant who becomes a world-renowned opera singer. She costarred with the equally iconic Vittorio Gassman and Robert Alda. Lollogrigida actually did her own singing in this film while maestro, Mario Bava, created a rich feast for our eyes with his decadent cinematography. Gina Lollobrigida went on to appear in a whirlwind of hit films including Carol Reed's circus drama, "Trapeze" with Burt Lancaster and Tony Curtis in 1956 and also that year, starred in Jean Delannoy's "The Hunchback of Notre Dame" with Anthony Quinn. In 1959 she co-starred with A-listers Frank Sinatra, Steve McQueen, Peter Lawford and Charles Bronson in the warfare drama, "Never So Few". She worked non-stop throughout the 60's but started to slow down a bit in the 70's and thereafter. She's entertained a number of different projects in the years following her cinematic heyday including politics in which she actually ran for one of Italy's European Parliament seats from her hometown of Subiaco. She pursued her interest photojournalism and shot a number of high profile, interesting subjects including Paul Newman, Salvador Dalí and Fidel Castro. One of my favorite films is "Strange Bedfellows". In classic slapstick 60's humor, this romantic comedy is hilarious and clever with punchy dialogue and an a-list cast of characters that are just as easy on the eyes as they are delivering their impeccably timed lines. Gina Lollobrigida and Rock Hudson star as a couple who keep trying to get it right despite their differences. Hudson plays the role of Carter Harrison, a smooth talking executive who marries the beautiful, outspoken artist and activist Antonia, played by Lollobrigida. Although the two are crazy about each other, they are forever bickering and the marriage ends up falling apart. Then after a number of years, they find each other again and pick up where they left off. The script is witty, the performances are memorable, the styles are trendy of the era and the story is a timeless tale of love and humor. It is available through Amazon. In her latest creative adventure, she has become a talented sculptress, creating larger than life figures in her Roman studio. Many of her works possess a quality that seems to be in motion, like they are dancing as their thin fabrics flow in the wind. Perhaps that quality represents the free spirit that Lollobrigida has always had as she took the world by storm. In an interview with "Parade" magazine, she elaborated on her skills as an artist. "I studied painting and sculpting at school and became an actress by mistake." However, many would argue that her acting was a mistake. Sculpture, “Living Together” for the 1992 Seville World's Fair Gina Lollobrigida is forever emblazoned in the hearts of admirers all over the world and we are still enjoying the eternal talents of this classic symbol of grace and style as her zest for life continues to this day. Thanks to Lollobrigida's vast international success, many of her films are still available today. Amazon is a great source that has currently carries a wide range of her films. You can also visit her online at www.ginalollobrigida.com. ↧ "Braccialetti Rossi" at L'Isola del Cinema in Rome On Monday, July 13th, L'Isola del Cinema will celebrate one of Italy's biggest pop culture sensations- "Braccialetti rossi" (Red Bracelets). The television series began in January of 2014 and has become a favorite among Italian teenagers. When I interviewed actress, Anna Ferruzzo back in March, she gave me her thoughts on why the show has become so popular, explaining that the show is "the Italian version of the Spanish television series "Poiseres Vermelles" inspired by the true story of the Spanish writer Albert Espinosa. The series tells the stories of a group of young patients in a cancer hospital. Their friendship and love will help them to face and overcome the tragedy of disease and death. In this series, I play the hospital psychologist. The success of "Red Bracelets" was surprising especially among the young. Before this series, no one on Italian television dared to talk about these important and uncomfortable issues of illness and death of young people and children. "Red Bracelets" has instead shown that you can tell any story, even the most difficult, as long as you face it with grace, respect and truth." Traduzione in Italiano.. Raccontami "Braccialetti Rossi". La serie non è conosciuto in America, ma sembra essere molto popolare in Italia. Qual è il tuo ruolo in questa serie? "Braccialetti Rossi"è la versione italiana della serie televisiva spagnola"Poiseres Vermelles"ispirata alla storia vera dello scrittore spagnolo Albert Espinosa. La serie racconta le storie di un gruppo di giovanissimi pazienti in un ospedale oncologico. L'amicizia e l'amore li aiuterà ad affrontare e a superare il dramma della malattia e della morte. In questa serie io interpreto la psicologa dell'ospedale. Il successo di "Braccialetti Rossi"è stato sorprendente soprattutto tra i giovanissimi. Prima di questa serie nessuno,nella televisione italiana,aveva osato raccontare temi così importanti e scomodi come la malattia e la morte di giovani e bambini."Braccialetti Rossi"ha invece dimostrato che è possibile raccontare qualunque storia,anche la più difficile, purchè lo si faccia con garbo,rispetto e verità. The event will begin at 7:00 pm with a photo op for attendees and cast members. A screening of the first episode will begin at 9:00 pm. During the evening, 600 red bracelets will be given away. For more information, visit L'Isola del Cinema online. ↧ ↧ New Funding Initiative Raises International Appeal for Film Production in Rome Announced by President Zingaretti at the presentation of MIA, the new International Audiovisual Market, which will be held from 16 to 20 October during the Rome Film Festival. A new call for tenders worth €10 million, made possible by EU funds, to attract international film productions and encourage European co-productions, will be launched by the Lazio Region at the MIA, the International Audiovisual Market, which will be held from 16 to 20 October during the Rome Film Festival. It was announced by the President of the Region, Nicola Zingaretti, during the presentation, last Friday, of the revamped Roman Market: “With MIA we will see a significant improvement in quality. Too often in the past the system has been overly disjointed”, stated Zingaretti, announcing that a second call for tenders, worth €2 million, “will be aimed at investment in new technologies in production, to structurally reinforce companies”. And it is exactly at a new system of synergies and collaboration between institutions and operators that MIA is aimed. The one-of-a-kind platform, that will bring together films, TV series, video games and documentaries (see news article), was spearheaded by Fondazione Cinema per Roma, Anica, the Associazione Produttori televisivi (Apt) and Doc/it, backed by the Ministry for Economic Development, and promoted by the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities and Tourism, with the cooperation of the Roma Lazio Film Commission. Guiding the Market, which will be held in the original Roman location of the Baths of Diocletian and the nearby Hotel Boscolo Exedra, will be thirty-nine-year-old Lucia Milazzotto, who used to be Manager of the New Cinema Network, the co-production market of the Rome Film Festival: “MIA is an extraordinary collective operation that channels exceptional expertise for reaching ambitious objectives, above all the internationalisation of the Italian audiovisual industry as a whole so that it once again holds sway on the global stage”. “The film sector is an industrial sector to all intents and purposes, so we are investing with conviction in making it international”, confirmed Carlo Calenda, the Italian Vice Minister for Economic Development who is funding the market with one and a half million euros (another €440 thousand is being put up by the associates of the Fondazione, including the Lazio Region, the Istituto Luce - Cinecittà and Rome the Capital). “This is why the Ministry for Economic Development, as part of a three-year initiative, has already put up funding for next year, and in October the funding for the third year will be set”. Andrea Occhipinti, the President of distributor association ANICA, also supported the extraordinary cooperative spirit of the MIA: “It will be a space in which to plan, develop and co-produce but also to raise awareness of and sell what we have already produced. We decided to hold the market in Rome because Venice, due to when it is held, is in direct competition with Toronto. But events linked to the MIA will also be held at Venice, as at other film festivals”. In italiano... Regione Lazio: in arrivo bando da 10 M€ per le coproduzioni europee Lo ha annunciato il presidente Zingaretti alla presentazione di MIA, il nuovo Mercato Internazionale dell'Audiovisivo che si terrà dal 16 al 20 ottobre durante la Festa del Cinema di Roma. Un nuovo bando da 10 milioni di euro, finanziato con fondi Ue, per attrarre produzioni cinematografiche internazionali e favorire le coproduzioni europee, sarà lanciato dalla Regione Lazio al MIA, il Mercato Internazionale dell'Audiovisivo che si terrà dal 16 al 20 ottobre nel corso della Festa del Cinema di Roma. Ad annunciarlo è stato il presidente della Regione Nicola Zingaretti nel corso della presentazione, venerdì scorso, del rinnovato Mercato romano: “Con MIA faremo un importante salto di qualità, troppo spesso in passato il sistema ha peccato di disarticolazione”, ha affermato Zingaretti, anticipando anche che un secondo bando, da 2 milioni di euro, “sarà finalizzato all’investimento sulle nuove tecnologie nei sistemi di produzione, mirato al rafforzamento strutturale delle imprese”. Ed è proprio ad un nuovo sistema di sinergie e di collaborazione tra istituzioni e operatori che punta il MIA, una piattaforma unica in cui confluiranno film, serie tv, videogiochi e documentari (leggi la news), voluta da Fondazione Cinema per Roma, Anica, l'Associazione Produttori televisivi (Apt) e Doc/it, sostenuta dal Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico, promossa dal MIBACT, e con la collaborazione della Roma Lazio Film Commission. A guidare il Mercato, le cui attività si terranno tra l’inedita location romana del complesso delle Terme di Diocleziano e il vicino Hotel Boscolo Exedra, sarà la trentanovenne Lucia Milazzotto, già responsabile in passato di New Cinema Network, il mercato di coproduzione del Festival di Roma: “MIA è una straordinaria operazione collettiva che convoglia eccezionali competenze per il raggiungimento di obiettivi ambiziosi, primo fra tutti l’internazionalizzazione dell’intera industria italiana dell’audiovisivo affinché possa tornare ad affermarsi a livello globale”. “Il cinema è un settore industriale a tutti gli effetti, per questo investiamo con convinzione a favore della sua internazionalizzazione”, ha confermato Carlo Calenda, vice ministro dello Sviluppo Economico che finanzia il Mercato con un milione e mezzo di euro (altri 440 mila euro provengono dai soci della Fondazione, tra cui Regione Lazio, Istituto Luce - Cinecittà e Roma Capitale). “Per questo il MISE, nell'ambito di un intervento triennale, ha già finanziato il contributo per il prossimo anno e a ottobre sarà fissato anche quello per il terzo”. A sostenere lo straordinario spirito cooperativo del MIA, anche Andrea Occhipinti, presidente dei distributori dell'Anica: “Sarà uno spazio per pianificare, sviluppare e coprodurre ma anche far conoscere e vendere ciò che abbiamo già prodotto. Per il mercato si è deciso di puntare su Roma perché Venezia, per una questione di date, è in competizione diretta con Toronto. Ma anche a Venezia, così come in altri festival, ci saranno eventi legati al MIA”. -Reported by Vittoria Scarpa for Cineuropa ↧ Italian Distributors Bridging Culture Between Europe and North America Raoul Bova and Sarah Jessica Parker on the set of "All Roads Lead to Rome" Andrea Iervolino and Monika Bacardi are taking the distribution world by storm and bringing a whole new angle of Italian cinema to North America. Iervolino who has been a producer since the age of 16, has produced, financed and distributed over 40 films. A partner and founder of a number different production companies, he is currently, the youngest and most highly regarded Italian entrepreneurs in the world of film-making. With his Italian-Canadian origins (his mother is Canadian, his father Italian), after also having worked on different productions and co-productions with some of the country’s major film-makers and having shot no fewer than 8 films in 2011, in October of that same year he founded his own distribution company, Iervolino Entertainment S.p.A, which is now a part of the AMBI PICTURES Group, whose partners are Andrea Iervolino and Monika Bacardi. Andrea Iervolino has never left out his innate passion for films on powerful social issues and in this regard he is also president of the FCAI, an association that is committed to taking exposé and social commentary films into schools, something made possible thanks to the Cineschoolday initiative, for which Italian Life Senator Giulio Andreotti was a spokesperson in 2011-2012. Iervolino’s latest ventures include “Italian Style Thriller”, which comprises three feature-length films in 3D and a series consisting of eight episodes that will have as their common denominator a genre that in the seventies led to Italy becoming a worldwide point of reference, namely Horror. It is through this project that some young Italian directors have had the opportunity to once again bring this genre of movie, which had all but disappeared, back to life in Italy, creating them using present-day directing techniques with a view to venturing once again on the international scene. AMBI Pictures and Distribution Andrea Iervolino and Monika Bacardi are partners in AMBI PICTURES, an investment company whose task is to provide financial backing for medium to high-budget international films featuring Hollywood names. Iervolino and Bacardi also founded AMBI Distribution. Based in Beverly Hills, it's a worldwide sales agency that integrates finance, production and distribution for AMBI Pictures. Andrea Iervolino and Monika Bacardi I had a conference call with the two distributors during Toronto's Italian Contemportary Film Festival. They talked about their recently produced films, which include eight just last year- the action-thriller “2047 Sights of Death” starring Danny Glover, Daryl Hannah, Rutger Hauer, Stephen Baldwin and Michael Madsen; (My interview with “2047: Sights of Death” Screenwriter, Tommaso Agnese) the Barry Levinson directed drama, “The Humbling”, starring Al Pacino, Greta Gerwig, Kyra Sedgwick, Charles Grodin and Dianne Wiest; and the crime-thriller “Hope Lost” starring Danny Trejo, Mischa Barton and Michael Madsen. Recently AMBI produced “Andron – The Black Labyrinth”, by Francesco Cinquemani starring Alec Baldwin, Danny Glover, Gale Morgan Harold III and the singer Skin. Andrea Iervolino and the director Marco Risi, in collaboration with Monika Bacardi produced “Tre Tocchi”, by Marco Risi. In collaboration with Paradox Studios, AMBI Pictures is also in production with the romantic comedy “All Roads Lead To Rome” starring Sarah Jessica Parker. Monika told me that the story brings together the Italian and American cultures.. and that she's really looking forward to releasing this film at the end of this year or in 2016, depending how production goes. We'll keep you posted. AMBI Pictures is financing and producing with Franco’s Rabbit Bandini Productions and That’s Hollywood Pictures, a film directed by James Franco and based on Steinbeck’s gritty, realist style novel: “In Dubious Battle”. The film stars James Franco, Selena Gomez, Vincent D’Onofrio, Robert Duvall, Ed Harris, Bryan Cranston and Danny McBride. The company has also recently ventured into the world of animation, with two animated features: “Arctic Justice – Thunder Squad” and “East End”.Iervolino and Bacardi, together with ‘American Sniper’ Producer, Andrew lazar,are tackling Sci-Fi Thriller, ‘Rupture’, starring Noomi Rapace and directed by Steven Shainberg. The team is also in talks with the family of Federico Fellini to remake the iconic filmmaker's equally iconic film, "La dolce vita". ↧ Giuseppe Tornatore Starts Production on the Story of his Colleague- Ennio Morricone Following the announcement at the Cannes Film Festival, Oscar-winning director Giuseppe Tornatore has started production on "The Sight of Music", a feature-length documentary the life and work of his Oscar -winning counterpart, Ennio Morricone. The personal and professional journey of this Italian maestro will be portrayed through archive film clips, interviews and fictional reconstructions. The two have had a beautiful, creative partnership for decades. It all began in 1988 when Morricone composed the soundtrack to "Cinema Paradiso", and the two continue to work together today, with the latest film being Tornatore's 2013 film, "TheBest Offer". Check back here for updates on the film's progress. In the meantime, watch my single favorite movieclip in the history of cinema, thanks to the magic of Giuseppe Tornatore and Ennio Morricone... ↧
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]	null	[]	null	Museums, exhibitions, events that tell the universe of art in Florence	en	https://www.firenzemadeintuscany.com/images/favicon.ico		https://www.firenzemadeintuscany.com/en/category/art-and-culture/	Historic buildings in Florence They are the symbol of the splendor of the ancient Renaissance families of Florence. For you the top list of the most beautiful historic houses to visit in the city Cinemas in Florence Where you can find arthouse films and the latest releases.
5438	dbpedia	1	98	https://www.tiktok.com/%40leonardomainibarbieri/video/6935490600758201605	en	Make Your Day			[]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null		en			null
5438	dbpedia	2	22	https://en.andarasfilmfestival.com/giuria2023	en	AndarasFilmFestival	https://static.wixstatic…18c99cad~mv2.jpg	https://static.wixstatic…18c99cad~mv2.jpg	[ "https://static.wixstatic.com/media/c929e4_26585193befa451e896e7d606b5427ed~mv2.png/v1/fill/w_236,h_50,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_auto/Andaras_logo_orizz_rgb_sito.png", "https://static.wixstatic.com/media/c929e4_4464e1d515b6428e9466f620fe9b8295~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_1578,h_367,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_auto/jury.jpg", "https://static.wixstatic.com/media/c929e4_f9364ed231064f9199b5d8ed1eac2c84~mv2.jpg/v1/crop/x_0,y_9,w_2250,h_2206/fill/w_64,h_63,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/Pesapane.jpg", "https://static.wixstatic.com/media/c929e4_c1d403a1b9b74f07b5286ebbf876edcb~mv2.jpg/v1/crop/x_0,y_22,w_2250,h_2206/fill/w_64,h_63,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/Lodovini.jpg", "https://static.wixstatic.com/media/c929e4_cce34ff532f648dca91f80864d2cd801~mv2.jpg/v1/crop/x_0,y_22,w_2250,h_2206/fill/w_64,h_63,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/Nappo.jpg", "https://static.wixstatic.com/media/c929e4_ae2b785d421e45448372f1162f8cb15c~mv2.png/v1/fill/w_49,h_6,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_auto/c929e4_ae2b785d421e45448372f1162f8cb15c~mv2.png", "https://static.wixstatic.com/media/c929e4_06f49c2977a840dabace60ce9568d5a7~mv2.png/v1/crop/x_5,y_30,w_2501,h_1593/fill/w_168,h_107,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_3,enc_auto/AssociazioneANDARS_chiaro.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null		en	https://static.wixstatic…b083db%7Emv2.png	AndarasFilmFestival	https://en.andarasfilmfestival.com/giuria2023	Saverio Pesapane graduated in Architecture in 2006. His degree thesis “Lost Highway” is a documentary on the highway system built between Naples and Caserta with the funds allocated by the reconstruction law after the 1981 earthquake. In 2008 he wrote A Water Tale, a short film included in "Stories on Human Rights", a film made of 22 short films commissioned by the United Nations for the 60th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. In the same year he wrote Aral Citytellers, produced by Art for the World, a documentary on the Aral Sea, shot in Kazakhstan. In 2009 he wrote Dubai Citytellers, produced by Unicredit & Art, a documentary on neo-slavism, shot in Dubai. Between 2011 and 2012 he wrote and directed It's countryside, a documentary shot in the Nile Valley and Cairo, Egypt, produced by the Rotterdam Architecture Biennale. In 2013 he won the Solinas Award - Stories for cinema, with Una Buona Ragione. In 2018 he wrote and produced Yousef, a short film selected at the 2018 Venice Film Festival and winner of the best editing award in the Migrarti category, in competition at the Clermont-Ferrand 2019 International Short Film Festival and selected among the five finalists for the David di Donatello 2019 award. Since 2017 he has been a partner of Premiere Film, a film production and distribution company, which in 2019 was in charge of the executive production of The Nest, a feature film produced by Colorado Film in collaboration with Vision Distribution. He teaches at NABA, New Academy of Fine Arts in Milan. Valentina Lodovini is an actress who escapes from labels. Since the beginning she has tried to combine cinema, theater and television. In 2005 she graduated from the Experimental Center of Cinematography in Rome and in 2006 she made her debut in the film "L’amico di famiglia" (in competition at the Cannes Film Festival 2006) by Paolo Sorrentino. In the same year she participated in Francesca Comencini's film "A casa nostra" (in competition at the Rome Film Fest 2006). Among her most relevant films there are “La giusta distanza” by Carlo Mazzacurati, “Pornorama” by Marc Routhemund, “Fortapàsc”, by Marco Risi and “Generazione 1000 euro” by Massimo Venier. Thanks to these two interpretations, she was awarded the Ciak d'oro as "Revelation of the year". In 2010 she was the protagonist in "La donna della mia vita" by Luca Lucini and in the Italian blockbuster comedy "Benvenuti al Sud" by Luca Miniero. For the latter interpretation she won the David di Donatello 2011 as Best Supporting Actress. Moreover, she won the Nastro d’argento for Best Actress for the film "10 giorni con Babbo Natale" by Alessandro Genovesi. Despite the popularity of these successful comedies, she never distanced herself from the artistic commitment of debut films. In fact, she participated in Mario Vitale’s debut film “L’afide e la formica” in 2021, in “La terra delle Donne” by Marisa Vallone and “Conversazione con altre donne” by Filippo Conz in 2022. In 2022 she took part in the main casts of the comedies "Vicini di casa" by Paolo Costella and "I Migliori giorni" by Edoardo Leo and Massimiliano Bruno. She was born in Naples on February 20, 1971. At 18 years old she opened a theater in Naples with some young colleagues and at 21 she won a national competition for comedians, la Zanzara d'oro. She started working in theater at an early age: first with Mario Martone, then with Cesare Lievi and then permanently with Toni Servillo’s company, for more than 10 years. She was the first actress in Italy to play Sarah Kane's 4:48 Psychosis. Besides her acting career, she is also a stage director. She was the first in Italy to stage works by Tony Kushner and her husband, Dennis Kelly. In cinema she has worked with directors such as Antonio Capuano, Silvio Soldini and Paolo Sorrentino; she also co-starred in Matteo Garrone's third film. She played the role of Sofia Pisanello, the wife of the character played by Roberto Benigni, in Woody Allen's “To Rome with Love”. In 2022, she participated in the Venice Film Festival with the film 'Amanda', directed by Carolina Cavalli, and toured national theatres with the play 'L’esperimento', which she wrote and she also performed in it.
5438	dbpedia	2	75	https://gomontecarlo.net/en/tag/chazz-palminteri/	en	Chazz Palminteri – GO MONTE CARLO	https://gomontecarlo.net…GO_002-32x32.jpg	https://gomontecarlo.net…GO_002-32x32.jpg	[ "https://gomontecarlo.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/cropped-ND4_5280©-Charly-Gallo-Centre-de-Presse-de-Monaco.jpg", "https://gomontecarlo.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/cropped-LOGO_GO_004-whitesmall.png", "https://gomontecarlo.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/1.All-Artists-on-stage-final©RosannaCalo18MCFF-1024x684.jpg", "https://gomontecarlo.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/5.Raoul-Bova-president-du-Jury©RosannaCalo18MCFF-1024x683.jpg", "https://gomontecarlo.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/7.Chazz-Palminteri©RosannaCalo18MCFF-1024x678.jpg", "https://gomontecarlo.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/9.Micaela-Ramazzotti©RosannaCalo18MCFF-1024x683.jpg", "https://gomontecarlo.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/11.Todd-Stephens-SWAN-SONG_Prix-Public©RosannaCalo18MCFF-1024x684.jpg", "https://gomontecarlo.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/14.Giacomo-Ferrara_E.Greggio_Maire-G.Marsan©RosannaCalo18MCFF-1024x683.jpg", "https://gomontecarlo.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/12.E.Greggio_Rocio-Munos-Morales_SE-L.Anselmi©RosannaCalo18MCFF-1024x683.jpg", "https://gomontecarlo.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Fotografi_red-carpet_18MCFF_©GO-Monte-Carlo-1024x768.jpeg", "https://gomontecarlo.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Giacomo-Ferrara_Mario-de-la-Rosa_Raoul-Bova_Ezio-Greggio_Chazz-Palminteri_Mario-Sesti_Nick-Vallelonga©RosannaCalo18MCFF©RosannaCalo18MCFF-1024x638.jpg", "https://gomontecarlo.net/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/res/flags/en.png", "https://gomontecarlo.net/wp-content/plugins/gdpr-cookie-compliance/dist/images/gdpr-logo.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	2021-06-06T18:17:00+02:00		en	https://gomontecarlo.net…GO_002-32x32.jpg		null	SATURDAY JUNE 5 AT THE GRIMALDI FORUM THE CEREMONY PRESENTED BY EZIO GREGGIO The gala evening with the award ceremony of the 18th Monte-Carlo Film Festival of Comedy, took place at the Grimaldi Forum on Saturday 5 June 2021 from 7 p.m. to 8:30 p.m. An event chaired by Ezio Greggio. The Jury, made up of Raoul Bova (President), Mario de la Rosa, Giacomo Ferrara, Mario Sesti, deliberated and awarded the prizes: To the Spanish film SENTIMENTAL directed by Cesc Gay the prize for the best film and Argentinian actress Griselda Siciliani received the award for best actress. The award for best director was won by Adam Rehmeier for the comedy DINNER IN AMERICA. Todd Stephens‘ other American film SWAN SONG won the Audience Award and Udo Kier won the Best Actor award. The Monte-Carlo Film Festival Jury wished to award a special mention to the Israeli film HONEYMOOD, directed by Talya Lavie. Finally, the “Short Comedy Award” in the section dedicated to short films went to WICHITA by Sergine Dumais (USA-Canada). On the stage of the Grimaldi Forum in Monte-Carlo, Ezio Greggio presented the award ceremony. International and Italian guests from the small and big screen participated. Successful actor Chazz Palminteri (“Once Upon a Time in the Bronx”, “The Usual Suspects”, “Shots on Boradway”, “Modern Family”) arrived straight from the United States to receive the prestigious “Movie Legend” Award ”. Nominated for an Oscar for Best Supporting Actor for “Shots on Broadway” by Woody Allen, he recently appeared on “Godfather of Harlem”. Return to Monaco and one more prize to Nick Vallelonga (winner of two “Academy Awards” for “Green Book”) who chaired the jury of the Monte-Carlo Film Festival last year. Radiant Italian actress Micaela Ramazzotti, nominated several times and winner of the “David di Donatello” for the film “La prima cosa bella”, she was awarded the prestigious “Monte-Carlo Award” for her career. Actress, presenter and writer Rocio Munos Morales received the “Monte-Carlo Award” for her exceptional role as a woman, mother, writer and model of “empowerment”. The Monte-Carlo Film Festival Award was also presented to the President of the Jury Raoul Bova, to the Spanish actor Mario de la Rosa and to the Italian Giacomo Ferrara, who were members of the jury for this edition. Among the celebrities, the audience applauded Antonia Truppo, Francesco Di Leva, Giovanni Esposito, protagonists of the new comedy “Benvenuti a casa Esposito”, which premiered at the Film Festival of Comedy on June 4th. Spotlight also on the former player of the national team of Italy and Juventus of Turin, Claudio Marchisio, and on the stars of TV and cinema in Italy Giancarlo Magalli, Enzo Iacchetti, Remo Girone, the actress and Brazilian model Desirée Popper, presenter Elisa Isoardi. Applause also for the young singer Leo Gassmann, idol of teenagers, (X Factor Italy and Sanremo Festival Youth category) and who has performed on stage with his new single “Down”. Monegasque and Italian personalities present were called on stage to present the awards. Among them: the Mayor of Monaco Georges Marsan, the Government Counselor – Minister of External Relations and Cooperation Laurent Anselmi, as well as the Italian Ambassador to Monaco Giulio Alaimo. The event, in collaboration with EFG Bank (Monaco) and Marlù Gioielli, has always taken place under the High Patronage of HSH Prince Albert II of Monaco and the Italian Embassy. Once again this year Radio Monte Carlo was the official radio of the Festival. Media Relations Monaco GO MONTE CARLO Info Monte-Carlo Film Festival of Comedy The 18th edition of the Monte-Carlo Film Festival de la Comédie has started. The event chaired by Ezio Greggio takes place from May 31 to June 5, 2021 in the Principality of Monaco. The presentation press conference took place at the Fairmont Monte-Carlo hotel on Tuesday, June 1, in compliance with sanitary rules: “We are happy to have succeeded in carrying out this edition in a difficult context – started Ezio Greggio – As they say for the show, the Comedy must also continue, “The Comedy must go on”, because it is the genre that has always told our story the best ”. This is evidenced by the films selected and screened at the Grimaldi Forum until Friday, June 4, which tell and reflect the daily life of today, with themes such as the family in its different forms, generational conflicts, sex and emancipation of women. The winners of this edition will be chosen by the international jury chaired by Italian actor Raoul Bova, accompanied by the actors Giacomo Ferrara and Mario de la Rosa, and the director and film critic Mario Sesti, who, speaking about the current period which sees us confronted with the health emergency, recalled that “It is the most tragic moments that have given rise to great comedies”, and quoting a sentence from Pirandello : “To make people laugh you have to be terribly serious“. Two Hollywood stars were also the guests of the press conference: American actors, directors, screenwriters and producers Chazz Palminteri, who will receive the “Career Award” at the gala on Saturday June 5, and Nick Vallelonga, twice Oscar winner for the film “Green Book: on the roads of the South”, and president of the jury of the Monte-Carlo Film Festival last year. The long-awaited grand finale will take place during the award ceremony, on the traditional Gala scheduled for Saturday 5 June at the Grimaldi Forum and during which Ezio Greggio, with his many guests from cinema and television, will reward this year’s winners. Already confirmed the “Movie Legend Award 2021”, awarded to Chazz Palminteri (“Once upon a time in the Bronx”, “Usual Suspects”, “Shots on Broadway”, “Modern Family”), nominated at the Oscars for Best Actor in a supporting role for “Shots on Broadway” by Woody Allen and which recently appeared in “Godfather of Harlem”. The “Career Prize” will go to Italian actress Micaela Ramazzotti, nominated several times for the “David di Donatello” Prize and winner of the “David di Donatello Prize for Best Actress” for “La prima cosa bella”. Giancarlo Magalli, the presenter par excellence will also participate in the Gala evening with Enzo Iacchetti, the longtime companion of Ezio in ‘Striscia la Notizia’ (satirical news program on the first italian TV channel Canale 5 of the Mediaset Group); Brazilian actress and model Desirée Popper, and Antonia Truppo, Francesco Di Leva, Giovanni Esposito, protagonists of the new comedy “Benvenuti a casa Esposito”, which will have its world premiere at the Monte-Carlo Film Festival on Friday June 4th. Also eagerly awaited: Elisa Isoardi, the attractive Elisabetta Gregoraci, the former footballer Claudio Marchisio and the actress, presenter and writer Rocio Munos Morales, who will receive the “Monte-Carlo Award” for her exceptional role, as a woman, mother, writer and empowerment model. During the evening, the idol of teenagers in Italy, released from the TV talent “X Factor” and who has asserted himself among the New Proposals at the music event Sanremo Festival in 2020, Leo Gassmann, will perform on stage with his new single “Down”. The main objective of the Monte-Carlo Film Festival is the promotion of the different genres of comedy through previews of films in competition and out of competition. A unique showcase on the international scene for a genre highly appreciated by the public but generally considered “minor” by the critics. But thanks to the event designed by Ezio Greggio and the late Maestro Mario Monicelli (Festival co-founder), it has reassessed comedy at other international festivals such as Cannes, Rome, Berlin and Venice. The event, in collaboration with EFG Bank (Monaco) and Marlù Gioielli, has always taken place under the High Patronage of HSH Prince Albert II of Monaco and the Italian Embassy in Monaco. Also this year Radio Monte Carlo is the Official Radio of the Monte-Carlo Film Festival. Media Relations Monaco GO MONTE CARLO See more Monte-Carlo Film Festival of Comedy
wrong_mix_domain_birth_00112	FactBench	2	7	https://globalnews.ca/news/6895867/michael-jordan-last-dance-bulls-grizzlies/	en	Michael Jordan’s last dance in Vancouver: A look back at the Chicago Bulls 1998 trip to B.C.	https://globalnews.ca/wp…720&h=379&crop=1	https://globalnews.ca/wp…720&h=379&crop=1	[ "https://globalnews.ca/wp-content/themes/shaw-globalnews/assets/dist/images/logo-mobile.svg?v=2", "https://globalnews.ca/wp-content/themes/shaw-globalnews/assets/dist/images/logo-morty.svg", "https://globalnews.ca/wp-content/themes/shaw-globalnews/assets/dist/images/logo-morty.svg", "https://globalnews.ca/wp-content/themes/shaw-globalnews/assets/dist/images/author-placeholder.jpg", "https://i2.wp.com/media.globalnews.ca/videostatic/news/tcez0x36s3-bvjyae6i89/WEB_0501_JORDAN.jpg?w=1040&quality=70&strip=all", "https://d21y75miwcfqoq.cloudfront.net/70c8fc80", "https://i1.wp.com/media.globalnews.ca/videostatic/news/1p4kyx7455-1udd4mjxl4/WAITING_FOR_MJ_FLANKED_thumbnail_1280x720.jpg?w=1040&quality=70&strip=all", "https://globalnews.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/jordan-grizz-e1588371652192.jpg?quality=85&strip=all&w=12&h=12&crop=1", "https://globalnews.ca/wp-content/themes/shaw-globalnews/images/skyline/national.jpg", "https://i1.wp.com/media.globalnews.ca/videostatic/news/0290ujfn40-i2cck3jvos/WE_GRIZZLY_RALLY.jpg?w=1040&quality=70&strip=all", "https://globalnews.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Untitled-design-26.png?w=336&h=224&crop=1", "https://globalnews.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Jasper-evacuation.jpg?quality=85&strip=all&w=336&h=224&crop=1", "https://globalnews.ca/wp-content/themes/shaw-globalnews/images/skyline/national.jpg", "https://globalnews.ca/wp-content/themes/shaw-globalnews/images/skyline/mobile/national.jpg", "https://globalnews.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Jasper-evacuation.jpg?quality=85&strip=all&w=276", "https://globalnews.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/JasperEvacuation.jpg?quality=85&strip=all&w=276", "https://globalnews.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/air-tiff-macklem.jpg?quality=85&strip=all&w=276", "https://globalnews.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Untitled-design-26.png?w=276", "https://globalnews.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/RAW_5MTB_TRUMP_HARRIS_5MTB_FF.jpeg?quality=85&strip=all&w=276", "https://globalnews.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/gettyimages-585355887-e1499446551261.jpg?quality=85&strip=all&w=276", "https://i2.wp.com/media.globalnews.ca/videostatic/news/st35cfbizm-tjzpfexp38/THUMBS.00_02_03_23.Still012.jpg?h=360&w=540&crop=1&quality=70&strip=all", "https://i0.wp.com/media.globalnews.ca/videostatic/news/smtgbokd1b-kc0h7vl6oy/ANNE_TEE_UP.jpg?h=360&w=540&crop=1&quality=70&strip=all", "https://i1.wp.com/media.globalnews.ca/videostatic/news/jkll8lmghk-x080gw05do/STILL_LCBO_DEAL_MONDAY_DMELLO_PKG_UPLOAD.jpg?h=360&w=540&crop=1&quality=70&strip=all", "https://i0.wp.com/media.globalnews.ca/videostatic/news/q56023a9ud-iauiddx91j/GNMNICHOLASBOSTONKAMALASTILL.jpg?h=360&w=540&crop=1&quality=70&strip=all", "https://i1.wp.com/media.globalnews.ca/videostatic/news/s874wh2v5v-fbcanl2ax2/TMS_KENDRA_SLUGOSKI_STILL.jpg?h=360&w=540&crop=1&quality=70&strip=all", "https://i2.wp.com/media.globalnews.ca/videostatic/news/nv307ysqlz-h2l9e6ewau/LT_US_BORDER_DOG_RULES__OM00X57H_thumbnail_1280x720.jpg?h=360&w=540&crop=1&quality=70&strip=all", "https://globalnews.ca/wp-content/themes/shaw-globalnews/images/skyline/national.jpg", "https://globalnews.ca/wp-content/themes/shaw-globalnews/images/skyline/mobile/national.jpg", "https://globalnews.ca/wp-content/themes/shaw-globalnews/assets/dist/images/logo-black.svg", "https://globalnews.ca/wp-content/themes/shaw-globalnews/assets/dist/images/logo-corus.svg", "https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=3005670&c3=&c4=&c5=&c6=&c15=&cv=2.0&cj=1" ]	[]	[]	[ "the last dance", "Basketball", "Bulls vs Grizzlies", "Coronavirus Isolation", "docuseries", "Michael Jordan", "Michael Jordan Vancouver", "NBA", "Professional basketball", "Vancouver Grizzlies", "News" ]	null	[ "Jon Azpiri" ]	2020-05-03T12:34:48-04:00	With the NBA season on hold amid COVID-19, basketball fans have been tuning in to 'The Last Dance', a 10-part docuseries on Michael Jordan and the Chicago Bulls.	en	https://secure.gravatar.com/blavatar/134ef81f5668dc78080f6bd19ca2310b?s=32	Global News	https://globalnews.ca/news/6895867/michael-jordan-last-dance-bulls-grizzlies/	With the NBA season on hold for the foreseeable future, basketball fans have been turning their attention to The Last Dance, a 10-part docuseries on Michael Jordan and the Chicago Bulls. The series, which airs on ESPN and Netflix, features never-before-seen footage shot by a film crew during the 1997-98 season, Jordan’s last with the Bulls. Eagle-eyed viewers may have spotted footage in the fourth episode of The Last Dance filmed prior to the Bulls taking on the Vancouver Grizzlies at General Motors Place in January 1998. Jordan played three games in Vancouver, each an instant sell-out; fans paid scalpers as much $600 — about $950 in today’s dollars — per ticket for a chance to see the most popular athlete of the era. During Jordan’s last visit to Vancouver, the Bulls were followed by a throng of media, including a film crew shooting behind-the-scenes footage that sat in archives for years before being used in The Last Dance. Famed author David Halberstam was also in town working on his book, Playing for Keeps, which chronicled Jordan’s last season with the Bulls. “It’s exciting to come as an ambassador to the game and bring awareness about NBA basketball to an area where hockey is the dominant sport,” Jordan told reporters in Vancouver prior to the Jan. 27 game. Montreal-born centre Bill Wennington, the lone Canadian on the Bulls roster at the time, said he acted as something of a cultural ambassador who did his best to explain life north of the 49th parallel to his teammates. “So I tell them, ‘Back home I used to have the quickest dogsled team on the block and I tell him that electricity is something that’s only been here for a couple years,” he joked. “So they come up here and they say, ‘This is really nice.’ This is Vancouver, it’s really advanced.” Bulls forward Dennis Rodman chose not to speak to the media assembled at General Motors Place that day, having just learned that he had not been selected for the NBA’s eastern conference all-star team. “I’m not surprised,” Jordan said of the omission. “I’m pretty sure that they took into account his last little escapade.” The “little escapade” Jordan was referring to was Rodman’s trip to Las Vegas earlier that month. As documented in The Last Dance, the mercurial forward asked head coach Phil Jackson for a couple of days away from the team to clear his head. The sojourn lasted longer than 48 hours and ended when Jordan found Rodman holed up with his girlfriend, actress and model Carmen Electra. Trending Now Pilot killed in crash after skydivers leap from plane near Niagara Falls Jasper National Park under wildfire evacuation order Prior to the game at GM Place, fans followed Rodman as he strolled through Vancouver’s Pacific Centre mall with bodyguards at his side. One fan said he asked Rodman for an autograph and the star forward gave him a one-word reply: “Later.” Come game time, the Bulls took care of the sadsack Grizzles, beating them 103-85. Jordan finished 20 points while Rodman had 22 rebounds. Scottie Pippen was the Bulls’ leading scorer, finishing with 29 points. Pippen had missed 35 games earlier in the season following foot surgery and The Last Dance revealed that his decision to delay the procedure to October was a sore spot with teammates. After the game, Jordan praised Pippen’s performance. “Scottie can set the tone for us,” he said. “I’ve always said that and with him out, on the road, we’ve always struggled, especially in the closing minutes of the ballgame. “His tone that he set early really dictated the rest of the game.” The game marked Jordan’s last appearance in Vancouver. He retired from the Bulls after the 1997-98 season. He returned to the NBA in 2001 with the Washington Wizards, but by that time the Grizzlies had moved to Memphis. While Jordan’s 1998 performance was his last in Vancouver, his first visit to GM Place proved to be his most memorable. The upstart Grizzlies were leading the Bulls by two points through the first three quarters of their matchup on Nov. 30, 1995. Jordan, in an uncharacteristically lacklustre performance, had scored just 10 points up to that point. Then Grizzlies point guard Darrick Martin, in a fit of misguided confidence, decided to talk a little trash. “You ain’t so hot,” Martin told Jordan, according to Halberstam’s book Playing For Keeps. “I can stop you any time I want.” Grizzlies head coach Brian Winters promptly benched Martin but the damage had been done. Jordan went on to score 19 points in the game’s last six minutes to give the Bulls a 94-88 win. “Michael came by our bench and wagged his finger and said to Darrick, ‘Don’t ever talk to me like that again,'” Winters told Global News back in 2015. “He got another win, and we got another loss.” — With files from The Canadian Press
wrong_mix_domain_birth_00112	FactBench	0	14	https://www.instagram.com/richardwilsonart/p/CoGwKZpOgef/	en	Proud moment in history! On this day, 18 years ago, Jan. 31, 2005, history was made when my portrait of George Henry White, the last former...	https://scontent.cdninst…5vjw&oe=66A61EC1	https://scontent.cdninst…5vjw&oe=66A61EC1	[]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	123 likes, 11 comments - richardwilsonart on January 31, 2023: "Proud moment in history! On this day, 18 years ago, Jan. 31, 2005, history was made when my portrait of George Henry White, the last former slave to serve in Congress, was unveiled and permanently displayed in the Edgecombe County Superior Courthouse in Tarboro, North Carolina. After the unveiling, it was reported that I made history by becoming the first African American artist to have a portrait painting displayed in a North Carolina courthouse. I was commissioned by the Phoenix Historical Society to paint the portrait. #blackhistory #blackhistorymonth #georgehenrywhite #georgehenrywhiteportrait #portraitcommission #arthistory #artist #ncartists #ncartist #ncart #portraitartist #portraitsocietyofamerica #portrait #blackartist #awardwinningartist #judicialportrait #nc #georgehenrywhiteday #richardwilsonart Article from The Daily Southerner / Jan. 31, 2005 Written by Calvin Adkins www.richardwilsonart.com".	en	https://static.cdninstag…/VsNE-OHk_8a.png	Instagram	https://www.instagram.com/p/CoGwKZpOgef/?img_index=richardwilsonart
wrong_mix_domain_birth_00112	FactBench	3	16	https://www.nba.com/news/history-nba-legend-michael-jordan	en	Legends profile: Michael Jordan	https://www.nba.com/favicon.ico	https://www.nba.com/favicon.ico	[ "https://cdn.nba.com/logos/leagues/logo-nba.svg", "https://cdn.nba.com/logos/nba/1610612738/primary/L/logo.svg", "https://cdn.nba.com/logos/nba/1610612751/primary/L/logo.svg", "https://cdn.nba.com/logos/nba/1610612752/primary/L/logo.svg", "https://cdn.nba.com/logos/nba/1610612755/primary/L/logo.svg", "https://cdn.nba.com/logos/nba/1610612761/primary/L/logo.svg", "https://cdn.nba.com/logos/nba/1610612741/primary/L/logo.svg", "https://cdn.nba.com/logos/nba/1610612739/primary/L/logo.svg", "https://cdn.nba.com/logos/nba/1610612765/primary/L/logo.svg", "https://cdn.nba.com/logos/nba/1610612754/primary/L/logo.svg", "https://cdn.nba.com/logos/nba/1610612749/primary/L/logo.svg", "https://cdn.nba.com/logos/nba/1610612737/primary/L/logo.svg", "https://cdn.nba.com/logos/nba/1610612766/primary/L/logo.svg", "https://cdn.nba.com/logos/nba/1610612748/primary/L/logo.svg", "https://cdn.nba.com/logos/nba/1610612753/primary/L/logo.svg", "https://cdn.nba.com/logos/nba/1610612764/primary/L/logo.svg", "https://cdn.nba.com/logos/nba/1610612743/primary/L/logo.svg", "https://cdn.nba.com/logos/nba/1610612750/primary/L/logo.svg", "https://cdn.nba.com/logos/nba/1610612760/primary/L/logo.svg", "https://cdn.nba.com/logos/nba/1610612757/primary/L/logo.svg", "https://cdn.nba.com/logos/nba/1610612762/primary/L/logo.svg", "https://cdn.nba.com/logos/nba/1610612744/primary/L/logo.svg", "https://cdn.nba.com/logos/nba/1610612746/primary/L/logo.svg", "https://cdn.nba.com/logos/nba/1610612747/primary/L/logo.svg", "https://cdn.nba.com/logos/nba/1610612756/primary/L/logo.svg", "https://cdn.nba.com/logos/nba/1610612758/primary/L/logo.svg", "https://cdn.nba.com/logos/nba/1610612742/primary/L/logo.svg", "https://cdn.nba.com/logos/nba/1610612745/primary/L/logo.svg", "https://cdn.nba.com/logos/nba/1610612763/primary/L/logo.svg", "https://cdn.nba.com/logos/nba/1610612740/primary/L/logo.svg", "https://cdn.nba.com/logos/nba/1610612759/primary/L/logo.svg", "https://cdn.nba.com/logos/leagues/logo-nbastore.svg", "https://cdn.nba.com/logos/leagues/logo-gleague.svg", "https://cdn.nba.com/logos/leagues/logo-wnba.svg", "https://cdn.nba.com/logos/leagues/logo-2k.svg", "https://cdn.nba.com/logos/leagues/logo-bal.svg", "https://cdn.nba.com/manage/2021/08/michael-jordan-celebrates-archive-1568x882.jpg", "https://cdn.nba.com/manage/2021/08/scottie-pippen-1920x1080-1.jpg", "https://cdn.nba.com/manage/2021/09/john-stockton-play-call.jpg", "https://cdn.nba.com/manage/2021/09/charlesbarkley.jpg", "https://cdn.nba.com/manage/2021/09/jordan-emotion-3-784x521-1.jpg", "https://cdn.nba.com/manage/2024/07/GettyImages-2161997690.jpg", "https://cdn.nba.com/manage/2024/07/lebron-james-smiles-iso-1.jpg", "https://cdn.nba.com/manage/2024/07/GettyImages-51166555-scaled-e1721666769268.jpg", "https://cdn.nba.com/manage/2024/07/GettyImages-2162466615-scaled.jpg", "https://cdn.nba.com/manage/2024/07/GettyImages-2162470771-scaled.jpg", "https://cdn.nba.com/manage/2024/07/MVP-16x9-1.jpg" ]	[ "https://www.nba.com/watch/embed/315563?autostart=false&mute=true", "https://www.youtube.com/embed/4Scbk21_BM8?feature=oembed", "https://www.nba.com/watch/embed/703518?autostart=false&mute=true", "https://www.youtube.com/embed/e8HKaVaO7a8?feature=oembed", "https://www.nba.com/watch/embed/326332?autostart=false&mute=true", "https://www.nba.com/watch/embed/10952?autostart=false&mute=true", "https://www.nba.com/watch/embed/233191?autostart=false&mute=true", "https://www.nba.com/watch/embed/297131?autostart=false&mute=true" ]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "From NBA.com Staff" ]	2021-09-14T11:43:57+00:00	Few in NBA history can match the accolades, awards and championships Michael Jordan amassed in his days with the Bulls.	en	/favicon.ico	NBA.com	null
wrong_mix_domain_birth_00112	FactBench	0	43	https://www.themorrisonfuneralhome.com/obituaries/Kimberly-W-Rotondi%3FobId%3D26272072	en	The Morrison Etheridge Funeral Home, Inc.	https://s3.amazonaws.com/fh-content/release/Content/Media/TheMorrisonEtheridgeFuneralHomeInc/favicon.ico	https://s3.amazonaws.com/fh-content/release/Content/Media/TheMorrisonEtheridgeFuneralHomeInc/favicon.ico	[]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	The Morrison Etheridge Funeral Home, Inc. in Butler, NJ provides funeral, memorial, aftercare, preplanning, and cremation services... Learn More	en	https://s3.amazonaws.com/fh-content/release/Content/Media/TheMorrisonEtheridgeFuneralHomeInc/favicon.ico		https://www.themorrisonfuneralhome.com:443/
wrong_mix_domain_birth_00112	FactBench	2	60	https://www.the-sun.com/sport/8813074/nba-champion-bill-wennington-unrecognizable/	en	Forgotten three-time NBA champion and Michael Jordan teammate unrecognizable as he reflects on Chicago Bulls glory	https://www.the-sun.com/…20&h=1080&crop=1	https://www.the-sun.com/…20&h=1080&crop=1	[ "https://apps.apple.com/app/apple-store/id1447491560?pt=119486219&ct=smartappbanner&mt=8", "https://www.the-sun.com/wp-content/themes/thesuncom/images/sunmasthead.svg", "https://www.the-sun.com/wp-content/themes/thesuncom/images/sunmasthead_mobile.svg", "https://www.the-sun.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2023/08/JL_BILL-WENN_COMP.jpg?w=620", "https://www.the-sun.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2023/08/user-expressly-acknowledges-agrees-downloading-837192882.jpg", "https://www.the-sun.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2023/08/l-reacts-thrown-game-second-837192869.jpg", "https://www.the-sun.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2023/08/BN-NBA-FINE-COMP-1.jpg?strip=all&w=360&h=240&crop=1", "https://www.the-sun.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2024/02/thesun-wow-vegas-cta-offer-2.jpg?strip=all&w=360&h=240&crop=1", "https://www.the-sun.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2024/07/lb-tv-deal-comp.jpg?strip=all&w=300&h=192&crop=1", "https://www.the-sun.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2024/07/JB_JRUE_COMP-copy.jpg?strip=all&w=300&h=192&crop=1", "https://www.the-sun.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2024/07/aa-angel-reese-comp.jpg?strip=all&w=300&h=192&crop=1", "https://www.the-sun.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2024/07/KS-tnt-nba-comp.jpg?strip=all&w=300&h=192&crop=1", "https://www.the-sun.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2023/08/NINTCHDBPICT000837196804.jpg", "https://www.the-sun.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2024/07/JW-OFF-PLATFORM-WOODS-LEG.jpg?strip=all&w=150&h=100&crop=1", "https://www.the-sun.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2024/07/JW-OFF-PLATFORM-PARIS-RINGS.jpg?strip=all&w=150&h=100&crop=1", "https://www.the-sun.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2024/07/lb-aaron-retire-comp.jpg?strip=all&w=150&h=100&crop=1", "https://www.the-sun.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/6/2024/07/nk_MollyTellsStephen_comp.jpg?strip=all&w=150&h=100&crop=1" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Anthony Wood", "www.facebook.com" ]	2023-08-10T17:07:00-04:00	THE 1990s Chicago Bulls have gone down as one of if not the greatest teams in NBA history.Key to their success were the likes of Hall of Famers Michae	en	https://www.the-sun.com/…g?strip=all&w=32	The US Sun	https://www.the-sun.com/sport/8813074/nba-champion-bill-wennington-unrecognizable/	THE 1990s Chicago Bulls have gone down as one of if not the greatest teams in NBA history. Key to their success were the likes of Hall of Famers Michael Jordan and Scottie Pippen, while others such as center Bill Wennington flew somewhat under the radar. The now 60-year-old Canadian enjoyed a remarkable career that saw him achieve NBA immortality later in life. Born in Montreal, Wennington attended Long Island Lutheran Middle and High School in New York before heading to St. John's University in 1981. After four years with the Red Storm, the 7-foot center was selected sixteenth overall by the Dallas Mavericks in the 1985 NBA Draft - one year after Jordan went third overall. Five years in Texas followed, during which Wennington failed to nail down a starting spot with the Mavs, starting just fourteen of his 269 appearances for Dallas. He was sent to the Sacramento Kings in 1990, where he would start 23 of 77 games that season before making the move abroad. Wennington joined the Italian team Virtus Bologna where he would play for two years before returning to the NBA. Upon his return in 1993, he signed for legendary coach Phil Jackson's Chicago Bulls joining Pippen and - once he unretired in 1994 - Jordan. In six seasons with the Bulls, Wennington would win three NBA Championships, starting 51 of his 367 games for the team. In an interview with SportsCenter prior to the release of the final episode of the ESPN and Netflix docuseries The Last Dance which covered the 1997 Bulls, Wennington reflected on that final championship-winning team. Now bald with a bushy white beard, the almost unrecognizable Canadian explained how what stood out was "The chemistry of that team and how everyone got along." Wennington added how he felt that the fact that this chemistry ultimately "helped us play a lot better," while noting how "it was competitive and everyone was competitive, especially Michael pushing everyone to be better." Following that final title, Wennington remained in Chicago for one more year before one last season with the Kings ahead of his retirement. Since stepping away from the court, he has gone on to become a color commentator for Bulls radio.
wrong_mix_domain_birth_00112	FactBench	1	62	https://news.ontario.ca/en/backgrounder/1003769/the-2022-appointees-to-the-order-of-ontario	en	Ontario Newsroom	https://news.ontario.ca/favicon.png	https://news.ontario.ca/favicon.png	[]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null		en	/favicon.png		null
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"https://s3.amazonaws.com/s3.timetoast.com/public/uploads/photo/17428012/image/large_square-bb02589ec60dad8e0e5b8734bbc5ed73.png?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIAJB6ZCNNAN7BE7WDQ%2F20240720%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240720T170814Z&X-Amz-Expires=604800&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=6051910d4c3a59ac23d1a79ee487c0ac64b1b01473d4fdd1cf08aa9f10550f0e" ]	[]	[]	[ "timeline", "timeline maker", "interactive", "create", "historical", "time", "visualization", "chronology", "chronological", "reference" ]	null	[]	1963-02-17T00:00:00+00:00		en	/favicon.ico	Timetoast Timelines	https://www.timetoast.com/timelines/michael-jordan-s-career	High school : Where it all began! Jordan attended Emsley A. Laney High School in Wilmington, where he anchored his athletic career by playing baseball, football, and basketball. Jordan became the star of Laney's junior varsity squad. College: Where he became a star! Jordan accepted a basketball scholarship to North Carolina. During his three seasons at North Carolina, he averaged 17.7 ppg on 54.0% shooting, and added 5.0 rebounds per game (rpg) Highlights on his College Career Professional career: Early NBA years The Chicago Bulls selected Jordan with the third overall pick. During his first season in the NBA, Jordan averaged 28.2 ppg on 51.5% shooting Early NBA Career First retirement and baseball career On October 6, 1993, Jordan announced his retirement, citing a loss of desire to play the game. Jordan then surprised the sports world by signing a minor league baseball contract with the Chicago White Sox on February 7, 1994 MJ's Baseball Career Highlights "I'm back": Return to the NBA In March 1995, Jordan decided to quit baseball due to the ongoing Major League Baseball strike. Jordan announced his return to the NBA through a two-word press release: "I'm back." "I'm Back"
wrong_mix_domain_birth_00112	FactBench	2	37	https://www.sportsnet.ca/nba/longform/inside-the-expansion-raptors-historic-victory-over-jordans-72-win-bulls/	en	Inside the expansion Raptors’ historic victory over Jordan’s 72	https://www.sportsnet.ca…erpt-Feature.jpg	https://www.sportsnet.ca…erpt-Feature.jpg	[ "https://www.sportsnet.ca/wp-content/plugins/rdm-daac-notice/public/images/close-btn.svg", "https://www.sportsnet.ca/wp-content/plugins/rdm-daac-notice/public/images/close-btn.svg", "https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=518786884949926&ev=PageView&noscript=1", "https://www.sportsnet.ca/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Big-Read-Prehistoric-Excerpt-Header.jpg", "https://www.sportsnet.ca/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Big-Read-Prehistoric-Excerpt-Jordan.jpg", "https://www.sportsnet.ca/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Big-Read-Darko-Rajakovic-Feature-640x360.jpg", "https://www.sportsnet.ca/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Pascal-640x360.jpg", "https://www.sportsnet.ca/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Big-Read-Prehistoric-Excerpt-Stoudamire.jpg", "https://www.sportsnet.ca/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Big-Read-Prehistoric-Excerpt-Pippen.jpg", "https://www.sportsnet.ca/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Big-Read-Prehistoric-Excerpt-Christie.jpg", "https://www.sportsnet.ca/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Big-Read-Prehistoric-Excerpt-Buzzer.jpg", "https://assets2.sportsnet.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/nhl_logo_2x.png", "https://www.sportsnet.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Image-3.png", "https://www.sportsnet.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Image-4.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Alex Wong" ]	null		en	https://www.sportsnet.ca/sn_favicon.ico		https://www.sportsnet.ca/nba/longform/inside-the-expansion-raptors-historic-victory-over-jordans-72-win-bulls/	Christie walked into Knicks head coach Pat Riley’s office for a preseason meeting and sat down for a conversation that would change the trajectory of his NBA career. “He pulled no punches,” Christie recalls. “He said, ‘Look, you’re not going to play. I got my guys, and that’s who we’re going with. What I suggest to you is that you find something that you can do that’ll keep you in this league for a long time.’” The Knicks had taken the baton from the “Bad Boy” Pistons and become the most physical team in the NBA. Heading into his third year in the league and already joining his third team, Christie needed to be honest with himself. If he wanted to stick around and have a long career, Christie would have to heed Riley’s advice and earn his minutes by being a defensive stopper. Even though he only appeared in 12 games during his first season in New York, Christie spent every off-day working to become a better all-around pro. “I would get to the gym at eight in the morning. I’d lift, run a couple of miles, go shoot, practice, cool down, then stay in the gym until eight at night,” Christie says. “Guys like Derek Harper, Charles Oakley, Anthony Mason, and Patrick Ewing taught me so much about toughness, competitiveness, and this other side of the floor that I usually ignored. Defensive skills became something I wanted to possess. Not everybody wanted to play defence, but also not everybody could do it. I would watch tapes of players and try to figure out how I could take things away from them. I would figure out what they liked to do, what they didn’t like, and how many dribbles they took to score. I was trying to figure out how to take things away from them when we played.” While he studied every player around the league, Christie waited for his opportunity. After the 1994–95 season, the Knicks parted ways with Riley. His replacement would be Don Nelson, a more offensive-minded coach. Christie was pinned to the bench during the opening months of the 1995–96 season, unable to crack Nelson’s rotation. He was moved to Toronto at the trade deadline. In his first practice with the Raptors, Christie showed up at Glendon College and found Isiah Thomas on the court. The general manager had ditched his usual suit-and-tie look and was in sweats, getting shots up with the rest of the team. He challenged Christie to a game of one-on-one. “I knocked him down,” Christie recalls. “We kept playing and had a great conversation after. My wife was there watching. When we got to our car, she said, ‘Ain’t that your boss? You knocked him down. Are you crazy?’ I said, ‘That’s what he wanted to see. He wanted to see who I was and what I was willing to do.’” When the two finished scrimmaging, the general manager sat with Christie to chat about his long-term role with the team. “He said, ‘Look. I watched you in college. I watched you in the NBA. I know you can play,’” Christie recalls. “He told me, ‘You’re gonna play, so don’t worry about messing up. Basketball is about mistakes. Just try not to make the same mistake twice. Don’t look over at the bench when you make a mistake. Just go play. So be in shape because you’re going to play a lot.’ I said, ‘I won’t let you down, bro. Let’s go.’” It was the first of many sit-downs between the two. When Christie found out he was living in the same Queens Quay condo as Thomas, he started visiting his general manager weekly and continuing his journey of becoming a better defender. “He opened my eyes to mastering the game of basketball. They were incredible conversations. I took so many gems from them,” Christie says. “He had me keep a journal. There were these workbooks, so whenever we played a player, there was a page where you would put the player’s name, their averages, and what you would hold that player to that night. There was this next column where you would write down what actually happened, and at the bottom, you could put in your notes. Some nights I was guarding six guys, sticking everyone from point guards to small forwards. Suddenly, I was like, ‘Okay, he likes to go left. This guy likes to go right. Are they strong? Are they weak? Are they in shape?’ There was so much information.” Teammates started to see Christie’s newfound approach to defence in practice. “He was a tough motherf—er,” says Vincenzo Esposito. “He would guard every position. I loved practicing against him even though it was so hard. He was probably the best defender I’ve ever played against.” Christie was also the perfect backcourt mate for Damon Stoudamire, who was initially upset at seeing Willie Anderson, part of the package sent to New York for Christie, get traded. “Then Isiah said we were getting Doug, and I said, ‘Shit. Okay.’ That made it easier,” Stoudamire says. “He could play point and allow me to play off the ball. He guarded the best perimeter player. He took so much pressure off me.” Christie remembers Stoudamire being his biggest supporter. “I would be in someone’s jersey, and we would go to the huddle, and Damon would be like, ‘Hold up. Wait, wait. Is nobody going to say it? D was in his shit,’” Christie recalls. “Damon was a scorer. I always told him, ‘Do your thing. I’m here. I will guard your guy some nights because their point guard might be their best player. I’m not tripping. I got you.’ He respected that. We had a great vibe.” As Robertson walked to the bench in the middle of the second quarter, Raptors head coach Brendan Malone signaled for Christie to switch defensive assignments and become Jordan’s primary defender. “I was hitting him, holding him, pushing him,” Christie says. “It was like streetball at the highest level.” The home crowd was getting an up-close look at the Raptors’ backcourt of the future. Stoudamire had averaged 22.7 points and 11.7 assists in his first three games against the Bulls. After their first game, Jordan told reporters he needed head coach Phil Jackson to switch up the defensive assignments in the second half so he didn’t have to spend all game chasing the rookie around. Chicago was the best defensive team in the league but had no answers for stopping the rookie guard all season. “Damon could score on the Monstars,” Raptors forward Tracy Murray says. “He was a natural-born scorer. He could shoot it. He could create his own space to get his shot off. He was fast enough to get by you. He could score at all three levels. That was a nightmare matchup for anyone.” Stoudamire’s team-high 14 points in the first half gave Toronto a two-point lead over the Bulls at halftime. The rookie was once again leading the way on the court. In his first season, Stoudamire had established himself as the leader of the team. Williams had worked with the event staff at the Holiday Inn on King St. W. in downtown Toronto, and decided to host the party there. Three banquet halls inside the venue were transformed into a proper-looking dance floor with custom lights and wall decorations. A local DJ was hired. The live entertainment included a comedy set. The in-house catering would provide Caribbean dishes for the guests. An indoor area was set up for smoking cigars. Security guards were hired and would be assigned to every NBA player who entered the venue. Over 800 people, featuring the city’s most well-known entrepreneurs, influencers, and athletes, attended the event. The most important person of the evening would show up at one in the morning. “As soon as Michael walked in the room,” Williams says, “the girls started getting prim and proper to get a better vantage point.” Murray remembers leaving the party at around two and looking across the room to see most of the Bulls starters enjoying themselves. “They were smoking cigars and having a great time,” he recalls. “They were still there when we started to trickle out.” When the party officially ended at four in the morning, Williams says Jordan and his teammates were among the last to leave. The following afternoon, Murray walked onto the court an hour before tipoff and noticed something strange. No one was warming up on the Bulls’ end of the floor. Murray finished his warm-up routine, walked back to the locker room, and ran into Chicago point guard Ron Harper. “He said, ‘Man, we’re all still hungover in the locker room,’” Murray recalls. “He told me they didn’t get back to their hotel until eight in the morning.” After the trade deadline, Murray replaced Anderson in the starting lineup and played the best stretch of basketball of his career. At the beginning of the homestand, he made six three-pointers and scored a career-high 40 points against Denver, besting the 31 points he had scored a week earlier. He had signed with Toronto looking to prove himself, and now Murray was the No. 2 option on offence behind Stoudamire. “I remember having a conversation with Damon at the start of the season. I asked him what he wanted out of his first year,” Murray recalls. “We were candid with each other. He said, ‘I want to be Rookie of the Year and average 20 and 10.’ I said, ‘You can get 20 in your sleep. I can help you get the 10 assists. Find me on the catch-and-shoot. I’m not going to miss. I’m locked in.’” Trailing by six in the third quarter, Murray calmly hit a three-pointer to cut the lead in half. On the next possession, he rose up for another shot from beyond the arc, tying the game. The Bulls took a four-point lead into the fourth quarter when the one-on-one matchup between Jordan and Christie intensified. Jordan drove to the basket for a layup on one end, drawing a foul on Christie in the process. The three-point play put Chicago back ahead by two. Christie responded with a three-pointer to put the Raptors back ahead on the next possession. After Jordan missed a midrange jumper, Miller sprinted the length of the floor, spinning to the basket on a post-up for a layup that put Toronto ahead by three. Out of a timeout, Jordan responded with another fadeaway jumper over the outstretched arms of two Raptors defenders. On the next trip down, he dribbled inside the three-point arc, pulling up for a midrange jumper, which swished through the net. The home crowd gasped in unison as Jordan walked back upcourt with his tongue hanging out, staring at the Raptors bench. On the sideline, Malone could only grin and shake his head. “Are you ever gonna miss?” Malone yelled at Jordan. “Brendan,” he responded, “you know better than that.” The “Bad Boy” Pistons developed a rivalry with an up-and-coming Bulls team in the 1980s, and Malone was widely credited with coming up with a scheme to slow down the best scorer in the league during the playoffs. The Pistons deployed “the Jordan Rules,” a set of defensive principles devised by Malone. “We didn’t want him going baseline, so we pushed him toward the elbow,” he explains. “That’s when we would double-team him. If he had the ball up top, we would make him go left. We would double him from the top if he got the ball in the low post.” In consecutive years, the Pistons executed the game plan flawlessly and defeated the Bulls in the Eastern Conference Finals on their way to back-to-back championships. Malone had implored the Raptors to follow “the Jordan Rules” before the game but also recognized it was not a foolproof plan. “You don’t stop Michael,” Malone says. “You just hope to contain him.” With just over two minutes left, Jordan hit another midrange jumper to put the Bulls ahead. 104–103. Robertson could only give his friend a playful shove as the two jogged back up court. Jordan would finish with 36 points on 14-of-22 shooting in 39 minutes. Moments later, he hit two free throws to extend the lead. 106–103. With a minute left in the game, Stoudamire responded, driving to the basket, drawing a foul from Jordan, and sinking his first free throw to set a career high with 30 points. The second free throw bounced off the rim, but there was Christie, jumping over two players for the offensive rebound and getting a foul call. He missed both free throws, but Stoudamire chased down the rebound along the baseline, finding Miller for a two-handed slam. The wild sequence tied the game with 50 seconds left. 106–106. The crowd was on its feet and cheering on the expansion team to pull off the upset. A hush fell over the stadium on the ensuing possession. Jordan caught the ball at the top of the key, took a dribble to get inside the arc, and hit another fadeaway jumper to put the visitors back ahead. Timeout, Toronto. 108–106. On the inbounds play, Miller threw a perfect pass to Murray as he curled to the basket for an open layup. It was delirium again. 108–108. On the next possession, it appeared Jordan was going to put the Bulls ahead. He drove to the basket and saw an open lane for a layup. Christie was there to chase down the attempt and swat the ball right into Miller’s lap. The Raptors bench roared in approval. The decibel level at the SkyDome was at a record high. Jordan committed a loose-ball foul in the process. Miller stepped to the line and hit one of two to give the Raptors the lead. Timeout, Chicago. 109–108. The game would come down to the final play. On the sideline, Malone huddled up with his players. He grabbed his whiteboard and started diagramming their defensive strategy. Every player sitting on the bench knew where the ball was going. Malone decided to play man-to-man and told each player to stay on their assignment. We’re not double-teaming Michael. We’re going to make him take a tough shot. The challenge of guarding Jordan had been shared by Robertson and Christie throughout the game. “Those two guys did the best job they could,” Murray says. “Whether he’s hungover or not, that’s the baddest man on the planet you’re guarding. This is what people don’t understand. The hardest part about guarding Michael Jordan is the 35 shots he’s going to shoot. You know that every time he touches the ball, there’s a possibility of the ball going up. You have to keep him from shooting the ball, and if he does shoot it, you just gotta make sure it’s not a good look.” Malone wanted Robertson to take the assignment on the final possession. “Coach said, ‘Alvin, I want you to stick Mike,’” Christie recalls. “The huddle got quiet, and Alvin goes, ‘Coach. I think the young fella’s been doing a good job on him. Let him go ahead and guard him.’ For me, that was a defining moment in my career. That was your sensei telling you, ‘You’re ready.’ That’s everything you want as a player, for your coach to say, ‘We’re gonna do this,’ and then for the player you’re learning from to say, ‘No, we’re gonna do this.’ So I said, ‘I got him.’ I mean, it was Michael, and nobody’s got Michael like that, but I said it anyways.” The game resumes and the seconds tick down on the game clock. Christie follows Jordan’s every step as he calmly dribbles the ball past the Raptors logo at centre court. 14.9 seconds. Bill Wennington runs to the top of the key to set a screen. Miller switches on Jordan. The Bulls guard loses his dribble as he tries to drive past the Raptors big man. 8.3 seconds. The loose ball ends up in the hands of Steve Kerr. Christie has switched over and is right up on him. 6.9 seconds. The ball swings to Scottie Pippen on the perimeter. He passes it back to Kerr. 4.7 seconds. As Kerr rises to attempt a go-ahead shot, Christie runs over and contests the three-pointer as it’s in the air. 2.9 seconds. The shot is short. It takes a bounce off the side of the rim, right to Jordan, who is standing wide-open on the baseline. He catches the ball and, in a single motion, rises and banks in the go-ahead shot. 0.0 seconds. No one in the stadium knows how to react. Did the Bulls escape with a buzzer-beater? The referees quickly step in and wave off Jordan’s shot. It had left his hand just after the buzzer sounded. The Raptors had pulled off the season’s biggest upset by a fraction of a millisecond. Malone pumped his fist and acknowledged the home crowd. As teammates embraced one another, Stoudamire stood on the court and took in the enormity of the moment. “That was our championship,” he says. Murray hugged his teammates as the fans gave their home team a standing ovation. “There was a different type of energy in the building that afternoon,” he recalls. “Everybody was fired up. It was a different atmosphere. Even [Raptors PA announcer] Herbie Kuhn lost his voice by the end of the game.” “It was pandemonium,” Christie adds. “I remember just thinking, ‘Did we really do it?’ The city was alive that evening. Think about how many fans left that night saying, ‘I’m going to buy a Damon Stoudamire jersey.’ So many kids probably watched that game at home and started playing basketball the next day.” A year earlier, when Jordan returned to the Bulls and scored 55 points at Madison Square Garden in his fifth game back in the NBA, Christie had watched from the Knicks’ bench. After the game, his teammate Monty Williams had asked for Jordan’s game-worn sneakers and received them. Christie wasn’t going to make the same mistake again. After the victory, he walked into the visitors’ locker room and spotted a horde of reporters surrounding Jordan at his locker. The two exchanged eye contact. Jordan asked the media to clear a path for Christie. He explained the reason for the postgame visit. Jordan smiled. He was keeping the sneakers but agreed to sign a game program for Christie’s four-year-old daughter. The two exchanged handshakes before Christie joined his teammates in their celebration. “There was champagne waiting for us when I got back to the locker room,” he recalls. They would become known as the greatest team ever, but when the 1995–96 Bulls are mentioned in Toronto today, the first thing anyone remembers is how the expansion Raptors made history at the SkyDome on that fateful Sunday afternoon in March. “That game was special. We made the city so proud. It made us feel good to represent the city of Toronto and the whole country of Canada. We represented them that night with that win. It’s still a trademark win in the organization’s history. It’s part of NBA history,” Murray says. “They were 72–10, but they should have been 73–9.” This story is an excerpt from Prehistoric: The Audacious and Improbable Origin Story of the Toronto Raptors by Alex Wong, now available at Amazon, Indigo, and wherever books are sold, reprinted with the permission of Triumph Books.
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"https://www.sneakerfiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/nike-air-flightposite-one-dusty-cactus-persian-violet-HJ4466-001-2025-768x544.jpg", "https://www.sneakerfiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/nike-air-flightposite-one-dusty-cactus-persian-violet-HJ4466-001-2025-768x544.jpg", "https://www.sneakerfiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/nike-sb-dunk-low-safari-olympics-FZ1233-002-release-info-768x544.jpg", "https://www.sneakerfiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/nike-sb-dunk-low-safari-olympics-FZ1233-002-release-info-768x544.jpg", "https://www.sneakerfiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/cropped-cropped-SNEAKERFILES-230x90-1.png", "https://www.sneakerfiles.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/cropped-cropped-SNEAKERFILES-230x90-1.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	2008-06-22T08:09:49+00:00	Full Name: Michael Jeffrey Jordan Born: 2/17/63 in Brooklyn, N.Y. High School: Laney (Wilmington, N.C.) College: North Carolina Drafted: Chicago Bulls (1984) Transactions: Signed with Washington Wizards, 9/25/01 Height: 6-6 Weight: 216 lbs. Michael Jordan Biography and History Childhood Years College Career 1984-1985 1985-1986 1986-1987 1987-1988 1988-1989 1989-1990 1990-1991 1991-1992 1992-1993 Minor League Baseball 1994-1995...	en	https://www.sneakerfiles…-icons-32x32.png		https://www.sneakerfiles.com/air-jordans/michael-jordan-biography-history/	Full Name: Michael Jeffrey Jordan Born: 2/17/63 in Brooklyn, N.Y. High School: Laney (Wilmington, N.C.) College: North Carolina Drafted: Chicago Bulls (1984) Transactions: Signed with Washington Wizards, 9/25/01 Height: 6-6 Weight: 216 lbs. Michael Jordan Biography and History Childhood Years College Career 1984-1985 1985-1986 1986-1987 1987-1988 1988-1989 1989-1990 1990-1991 1991-1992 1992-1993 Minor League Baseball 1994-1995 1995-1996 1996-1997 1997-1998 2001-2002 2002-2003 Air Jordans Retro Air Jordan Air Jordan Release Dates Air Jordan PE Rare Air Jordans Air Jordan Guide Michael Jordan is known as the best NBA Player of all time, and a lot of people search for Jordan’s Biography or History. We have contributed a special page for the History and Biography of Michael Jordan. You can find out information on Michael Jordan’s childhood years and through his career. Sneaker Files is an online magazine specializing in Sneaker News, Release Dates, and History since 2006. The creation of SF started with a passion for sneakers and sharing our knowledge throughout the years of collecting. We’re committed to providing accurate information across all sneaker brands, giving our expertise and insider information. From early leaks, compiling lists of colorways on a specific model, an updated release calendar, and everything in between.
wrong_mix_domain_birth_00112	FactBench	2	21	https://www.cbc.ca/sports/basketball/nba/the-buzzer-jordan-bulls-doc-1.5538828	en	The Michael Jordan Bulls documentary is a great escape	https://i.cbc.ca/1.55388…-pippen-1997.jpg	https://i.cbc.ca/1.55388…-pippen-1997.jpg	[ "https://www.cbc.ca/a/images/nojsimg.gif", "https://i.cbc.ca/1.5318088.1570810023!/fileImage/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/square_140/jesse-campigotto-author-bio-pic.jpg", "https://i.cbc.ca/1.5538837.1587413456!/fileImage/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/16x9_780/jordan-pippen-1997.jpg", "https://i.cbc.ca/1.5538877.1587414661!/fileImage/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/original_300/jordan-pippen-drexler-1992-olympics.jpg 300w,https://i.cbc.ca/1.5538877.1587414661!/fileImage/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/original_460/jordan-pippen-drexler-1992-olympics.jpg 460w,https://i.cbc.ca/1.5538877.1587414661!/fileImage/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/original_620/jordan-pippen-drexler-1992-olympics.jpg 620w,https://i.cbc.ca/1.5538877.1587414661!/fileImage/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/original_780/jordan-pippen-drexler-1992-olympics.jpg 780w,https://i.cbc.ca/1.5538877.1587414661!/fileImage/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/original_1180/jordan-pippen-drexler-1992-olympics.jpg 1180w", "https://i.cbc.ca/ais/1.5540969,1717083321388/full/max/0/default.jpg?im=Crop%2Crect%3D%280%2C1%2C620%2C348%29%3BResize%3D%28620%29", "https://subscriptions.cbc.ca/newsletter_static/images/1581432954501-the-buzzer.png" ]	[ "https://www.youtube.com/embed/dk0aErTKtqI" ]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Jesse Campigotto", "CBC Sports" ]	2020-04-20T20:55:00+00:00	There are better sports documentaries than The Last Dance, but the entertaining series on the Michael Jordan-led Bulls dynasty might be a better fit for this particular time.	en	/a/apple-touch-icon.png	CBC	https://www.cbc.ca/sports/basketball/nba/the-buzzer-jordan-bulls-doc-1.5538828	This is an excerpt from The Buzzer, which is CBC Sports' daily email newsletter. Stay up to speed on what's happening in sports by subscribing here. With no actual live sports to talk about, The Last Dance is the hottest topic among sports fans right now. The highly anticipated 10-part documentary on Michael Jordan's Chicago Bulls teams of the 1980s and (moreso) '90s began rolling out today in Canada. The first two episodes are available now to everyone on Netflix, and two more will come out every Monday for the next month. I've seen the first five, so (without spoiling too much) here's an idea of what to expect and some things that stood out: 1. A lot of people are calling it "The Michael Jordan documentary" but it's not really that. "The Jordan Bulls documentary" would be more accurate. Basically, the series tells the story of the rise and fall of one of the greatest sports dynasties of all time — from Jordan's arrival as an NBA rookie in 1984 through the team's disintegration during the tumultuous 1997-98 season, when the Bulls nevertheless won their sixth championship in eight years. Obviously, Jordan is the main character, and the first five episodes are all largely about his personal rise. But the series also takes detours into someone or something else in his orbit. In episode two, it's aggrieved right-hand man Scottie Pippen. In three, it's rebounding/partying machine Dennis Rodman. In four, it's coach Phil Jackson. Episode five covers the '92 Olympics (including the legendary Dream Team scrimmage in Monte Carlo) and Jordan's "other" career as an endorsement giant (including his infamous "Republicans buy sneakers too" comment). Each of these chapters could be its own documentary, so at times they feel a bit rushed. But you still get a pretty good survey of the forces that drove the Bulls dynasty. 2. That final '97-98 season anchors the story. Each episode flips back and forth in time between those detours and the fateful last season (with the late Chicago GM Jerry Krause immediately cast as the villain). Obviously, we know how it will end, but one of the striking things is that everyone at the time seemed to know it too. The title of the documentary is actually what Jackson named the season before it started. He even printed it on the little handbooks he gave to players on the first day of training camp. So it's clear to everyone involved that the dynasty is crumbling, brick by brick, in slow motion. And no one seems able — or willing — to do much about it. 3. The behind-the-scenes footage is good. This was one of the big "gets" for director Jason Hehir and his filmmakers — a trove of never-released tape from an NBA film crew that was granted generous access to the Bulls for the entire Last Dance season. So we get to see stuff like Jordan and his teammates having heated talks on the bench, and talking and joking (and swearing) in the dressing room or on the bus. It's interesting seeing them in their natural habitat. Today's NBA players give us the illusion of access with the idealized snapshots of their "real" lives they post on social media (actually, this is how everyone uses social media). But most of the behind-the-scenes footage in the doc feels truly unfiltered, even though at times the Bulls seem aware of the camera. 4. The other big get was Jordan himself. No one was sure how this would go. Like a lot of rich and famous people, he's always been pretty careful about what he says in public. But whether the timing was right, or the subjects (himself, basketball), or the questions, Jordan is pretty revealing and engaging over the first five episodes. Sitting in his waterfront home in Florida, in his puffy middleagedness, with a whiskey and a cigar at his side, there are times when it feels like Jordan is just telling stories to an old friend. He says funny things. He rehashes old grievances. He tells us how he feels about former teammates and rivals (loved Rodman, hated Isiah Thomas). He drops f-bombs. It'll be interesting to see whether Jordan remains this open when we get to the tough stuff — particularly his father's murder, which led to his retiring from basketball for a year and a half to try baseball. But so far it's working. 5. It's great to just watch Jordan play basketball again. His persona was so heavily — and carefully — marketed back in the day that it's fair for younger basketball fans to wonder what percentage of his greatness is actually real. But the old game footage in the doc is a great reminder that Jordan's celebrity was built on a solid foundation: he was an electrifying basketball player. In an era when low-post big men still roamed the earth, Jordan was knifing through them, soaring above the rim, throwing down huge dunks… his game was ahead of its time, so it still holds up. The highlights from his first few seasons are especially fun to watch — like the time he led his overmatched Bulls into Boston Garden for a playoff matchup with the famed '86 Celtics and dropped 49 and 63 (!) points in back-to-back losses. Or when he torched Cleveland and nailed "The Shot" to win another famous series in '89. 6. Bottom line: the doc is worth watching. Because of its length, its iconic main subject and the hype surrounding it, the natural comparison for The Last Dance is 2016's O.J.: Made in America. But it's not on that level. Ezra Edelman's series brilliantly answers the questions "Who is O.J. Simpson and how did he become O.J. Simpson?" by turning over every rock in his life and his environment. By the end, you're left with a rich portrait of not only the man himself but also the many things that shaped him — weighty stuff like the legacy of racism and police brutality in Los Angeles. Whatever your assumptions about Simpson going into the doc, it challenges them. The Last Dance does not do that (at least not in the first five episodes). It mostly accepts the Jordan mythology and presents it in fresh, attractive packaging. It leans pretty heavily on nostalgia. But it's a fun watch, and an entertaining reminder of a simpler, better time in sports and in the world. Maybe that's the documentary we need right now.
wrong_mix_domain_birth_00112	FactBench	1	54	https://decisions.scc-csc.ca/scc-csc/scc-csc/en/item/16057/index.do	en	R. v. Jordan			[ "https://decisions.scc-csc.ca/images/lexum_en.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "Court", "Case", "Cases", "Hearing", "Database", "Databank", "Databanks", "Decision", "Decisions", "Judgment", "Judgments", "Appeal", "Case number", "Case numbers", "Search", "Searches", "Style of cause", "File number", "File numbers", "Form" ]	null	[]	null	This page contains a form to search the Supreme Court of Canada case information database. You can search by the SCC 5-digit case number, by name or word in the style of cause, or by file number from the appeal court.	en	/clients/scc-csc/en/../images/favicon.ico		null
wrong_mix_domain_birth_00112	FactBench	2	56	https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/michael-jordan-a-biography/41764947	en	Michael jordan a biography	https://cdn.slidesharecd…t=640&fit=bounds	https://cdn.slidesharecd…t=640&fit=bounds	[ "https://public.slidesharecdn.com/images/next/logo-slideshare-scribd-company.svg?w=128&q=75 1x, https://public.slidesharecdn.com/images/next/logo-slideshare-scribd-company.svg?w=256&q=75 2x", "https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/profile-photo-HabrannNogueira-48x48.jpg?cb=1523160179", "https://image.slidesharecdn.com/michaeljordanabiography-141119113913-conversion-gate02/85/Michael-jordan-a-biography-1-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/michaeljordanabiography-141119113913-conversion-gate02/85/Michael-jordan-a-biography-1-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/michaeljordanabiography-141119113913-conversion-gate02/75/Michael-jordan-a-biography-1-2048.jpg 2048w" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	2014-11-19T11:39:12+00:00	Michael jordan a biography - Download as a PDF or view online for free	en	https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/favicon.7bc3d920.ico	SlideShare	https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/michael-jordan-a-biography/41764947	2. MICHAEL JORDAN 3. Recent Titles in Greenwood Biographies Tiger Woods: A Biography Lawrence J. Londino Mohandas K. Gandhi: A Biography Patricia Cronin Marcello Muhammad Ali: A Biography Anthony O. Edmonds Martin Luther King, Jr.: A Biography Roger Bruns Wilma Rudolph: A Biography Maureen M. Smith Condoleezza Rice: A Biography Jacqueline Edmondson Arnold Schwarzenegger: A Biography Louise Krasniewicz and Michael Blitz Billie Holiday: A Biography Meg Greene Elvis Presley: A Biography Kathleen Tracy Shaquille O’Neal: A Biography Murry R. Nelson Dr. Dre: A Biography John Borgmeyer Bonnie and Clyde: A Biography Nate Hendley Martha Stewart: A Biography Joann F. Price 4. MICHAEL JORDAN A Biography David L. Porter GREENWOOD BIOGRAPHIES GREENWOOD PRESS WESTPORT, CONNECTICUT • LONDON 5. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Porter, David L., 1941- Michael Jordan : a biography / David L. Porter. p. cm. — (Greenwood biographies, ISSN 1540–4900) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-313-33767-3 (alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-313-33767-5 (alk. paper) 1. Jordan, Michael, 1963- 2. Basketball players—United States— Biography. I. Title. GV884.J67P67 2007 796.323092—dc22 [B] 2007009605 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available. Copyright © 2007 by David L. Porter All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2007009605 ISBN-13: 978–0–313–33767–3 ISBN-10: 0–313–33767–5 ISSN: 1540–4900 First published in 2007 Greenwood Press, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881 An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. www.greenwood.com Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization (Z39.48–1984). 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 6. CONTENTS Series Foreword vii Acknowledgments ix Introduction xi Timeline of Events in the Life of Michael Jordan xv Chapter 1 The Formative Years, 1963–1984 1 Chapter 2 The Building Years, 1984 –1988 23 Chapter 3 The Ascendant Years, 1988 –1991 45 Chapter 4 The Triumphant and Transition Years, 1991–1995 73 Chapter 5 The Pinnacle Years, 1995–1998 99 Chapter 6 The Disappointing Years, 1999–2006 127 Chapter 7 The Legendary Jordan 149 Appendix: Michael Jordan Statistics 155 Annotated Bibliography 159 Index 165 Photo essay follows page 72. 8. SERIES FOREWORD In response to high school and public library needs, Greenwood devel-oped this distinguished series of full-length biographies specifically for student use. Prepared by field experts and professionals, these engaging biographies are tailored for high school students who need challenging yet accessible biographies. Ideal for secondary school assignments, the length, format, and subject areas are designed to meet educators’ requirements and students’ interests. Greenwood offers an extensive selection of biographies spanning all curriculum-related subject areas including social studies, the sciences, literature and the arts, history and politics, as well as popular culture, covering public figures and famous personalities from all time periods and backgrounds, both historic and contemporary, who have made an impact on American and/or world culture. Greenwood biographies were chosen based on comprehensive feedback from librarians and educators. Con-sideration was given to both curriculum relevance and inherent interest. The result is an intriguing mix of the well known and the unexpected, the saints and sinners from long-ago history and contemporary pop culture. Readers will find a wide array of subject choices from fascinating crime figures like Al Capone to inspiring pioneers like Margaret Mead, from the greatest minds of our time like Stephen Hawking to the most amazing success stories of our day like J. K. Rowling. While the emphasis is on fact, not glorification, the books are meant to be fun to read. Each volume provides in-depth information about the subject’s life from birth through childhood, the teen years, and adulthood. 9. viii SERIES FOREWORD A thorough account relates family background and education, traces personal and professional influences, and explores struggles, accomplish-ments, and contributions. A timeline highlights the most significant life events against a historical perspective. Bibliographies supplement the ref-erence value of each volume. 10. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Although I did not have an opportunity to interview Jordan, his four memoirs provided numerous insights into the qualities that made him a truly exceptional athlete and successful businessman. For the Love of the Game (1998) and Driven from Within (2005) were especially helpful resources for information about his formative years. This work especially benefited from the insights of four people who have authored previous books about Jordan. Dean Smith’s A Coach ’ s Life (1999) helped illuminate Jordan’s years at North Carolina, and Phil Jackson’s Sacred Hoops was an invaluable source for Jordan’s years with the Chicago Bulls. David Halberstam’s Playing for Keeps (1999) gave me a fuller understanding of how Jordan shaped the world around him, and Walter LaFeber’s Michael Jordan and the New Global Capitalism (1999) pro-vided perspective on Jordan’s enormous influence beyond the basketball court. I also thank the William Penn University faculty, administration, and students who listened to me share some of my ideas about Jordan at a Chautauqua lecture in March of 2006. My wife, Marilyn, patiently lis-tened to me relate numerous stories about Jordan. Thanks to Kristi Ward, Esther Silverman, and Apex Publishing for their valuable editorial suggestions in the later stages of writing this book. 12. INTRODUCTION THE JORDAN MYSTIQUE A monument stands in front of the United Center, home of the Chicago Bulls National Basketball Association team. A 2,000-pound bronze statue features Michael Jordan in full flight, ready to slam dunk the ball, to the chagrin of cowering defenders. The front panel capsulizes the phenom-enal athlete: “The best there ever was. The best there ever will be.” 1 Jordan needs no introduction. He is among the best-known and wealthiest athletes in the history of organized sports. With the possible exceptions of boxer Muhammad Ali and baseball player Babe Ruth, no athlete has made a greater impact on American society. ESPN in 1999 voted Jordan the greatest twentieth-century athlete, and the Associated Press ranked him second, behind Babe Ruth. Jordan has appeared on the cover of Sports Illustrated more than 50 times since 1983 and was named the magazine’s “Sportsman of the Year” in 1991. 2 Sports Illustrated contributor Jack McCallum wrote that Jordan “stands alone on the mountaintop, unquestionably the most famous athlete on the planet and one of its most famous citizens of any kind.” He called him a sportsman who “has surpassed every standard by which we gauge the fame of an athlete and, with few exceptions, has handled the adulation with a preternatural grace and ease that have cut across the lines of race, age, and gender. He transcends sports.” 3 After struggling initially, Jordan blossomed into a basketball star at Emsley A. Laney High School in Wilmington, North Carolina. He became a national celebrity as a freshman guard at the University of North Carolina, 13. xii INTRODUCTION converting a 15-foot jump shot in the waning seconds of the 1982 NCAA Championship game to defeat Georgetown University. Besides making All- America as a sophomore and junior, Jordan was named The Sporting News Player of the Year in 1983 and 1984 and winner of the Naismith Award and Wooden Award in 1984. He co-captained the U.S. basketball team to a gold medal at the 1984 Summer Olympic Games in Los Angeles, California. Jordan’s transcendence stemmed partly from good timing. Jordan joined the Chicago Bulls after his junior year in 1984, when the NBA was enjoying an era of unprecedented popularity. Americans were fascinated with the personal duels between two modern sports folk heroes, Larry Bird of the Boston Celtics and Magic Johnson of the Los Angeles Lakers. When Bird and Johnson retired in the early 1990s, Jordan almost single handedly propelled the NBA to even more stratospheric levels of success and international visibility. Former coach Larry Brown observed, “I love Magic and Larry. But Michael,…. I’d pay money to see him play. I’d pay money to see him practice.” 4 Jordan led Chicago to six National Basketball Association titles in the 1990s. Between 1991 and 1993, the Bulls became the first team in three decades to win three consecutive NBA championships. He was selected NBA Most Valuable Player in 1988, 1991, and 1992 and became the only hoopster ever voted NBA Finals MVP three straight times. He also starred for the U.S. Dream Team, gold medal winners in the 1992 Summer Olympic Games at Barcelona, Spain. Jordan soared to even greater heights after a nearly two-year hiatus to propel the Bulls to three more NBA titles from 1996 to 1998. Chicago shattered the NBA record for most victories in a single season with a 72–10 mark in 1995–1996, as Jordan became the first NBA player since 1970 to garner MVP awards from the All-Star Game, regular season, and NBA Finals. The Bulls still dominated the NBA the next two seasons, with Jordan snagging NBA MVP honors in 1998 and NBA Finals MVP accolades in 1997 and 1998. His intensive drive to win, extraordinary athletic ability, and uncanny basketball knowledge shone brilliantly when he battled influenza and personal fatigue to score the winning basket in Game 5 of the 1997 NBA Finals against the Utah Jazz. Jordan retired from the Bulls in 1999, having led the NBA in scoring 10 times, including seven consecutive seasons, and won five NBA MVP awards. He is the only player to score at least 50 points in five playoff games and the only hoopster besides Wilt Chamberlain to score more than 3,000 points in a season and average more than 30 points a game during his NBA career. In January 2000, Jordan became president of basketball operations for the Washington Wizards and minority owner of the Washington Wizards 14. INTRODUCTION xiii Sports and Entertainment. He played for the Wizards from 2001 to 2003, helping rescue the franchise from a $20 million deficit to a $30 million profit in two years. Jordan did not lead the Wizards to the NBA playoffs, but he became just the fourth NBA player to score 30,000 career points and passed Chamberlain as the third leading scorer in NBA history. In June 2006, he became the second largest shareholder of the Charlotte Bobcats, fulfilling his dream of sharing in the ownership of an NBA club in North Carolina. Jordan’s transcendence stemmed from his phenomenal athleticism and personal magnetism. Coach Bob Knight in 1995 proclaimed, “Michael Jordan is the best that will ever play this game.” 5 Even those who never saw Jordan play a college or professional basketball recognize him. He combined exceptional athletic ability with a relatively clean public image. Gentleman ’ s Quarterly correspondent David Breskin termed him “the most admired, idolized, and moneyed team-sport hero in the entire American-hero business. For some folks he has come to represent America.” 6 Sociolo-gist Harry Edwards declared, “if I were charged with introducing an alien life form to the epitome of human potential, creativity, perseverance, and spirit, I would introduce that alien life form to Michael Jordan.” 7 Jordan personifies the imaginative, individual skills that Americans emulated in a society that adores graceful, successful individualism, but he also embodies the all-out competitive spirit and discipline that Americans believe drove the nation to the peak of world power. Jordan’s extraordinary basketball skills translated into enormous money and power in the late twentieth century. He has endorsed numerous com-mercial products, including Nike’s Air Jordan footwear, Wilson basket-balls, Wheaties cereal, Coca Cola soft drinks, Chevrolet automobiles, and McDonald’s hamburgers. Nike designed a whole new line of athletic shoes after the legend with uncanny ability to hang four feet above the floor while shooting. The Air Jordan line revived Nike’s sneaker sales. These commercial enterprises netted the likable star millions annually in revenues. Biographer David Halberstam labeled Jordan the first super-athlete of the satellite age, the initial professional to benefit on a grand scale from a global audience for his talents and his products. “Jordan has created a kind of fame that exceeds sports. He is both athlete and enter-tainer. He plays in the age of the satellite to an audience vastly larger than was possible in the past and is thus the first great athlete of the wired world.” 8 Jordan became a multimillionaire and a role model not only for African Americans but others as well. Along the way, he also became one of the most successful advertising figures in the world. This book traces Jordan’s career chronologically. The first chapter treats his formative years with his family in Wilmington and at the University of 15. xiv INTRODUCTION North Carolina. The next four chapters feature his role with the Chicago Bulls. Chapter 2 treats the building years from 1984 to 1988, and Chapter 3 discusses the ascending years from 1988 to 1991, culminating in Chicago’s first NBA crown. Chapter 4 examines the triumphant years of the Bulls’ second and third NBA titles from 1991 to 1993 and the transition years from 1993 to 1995, when he played baseball with the Birmingham Barons and returned to the Bulls. Chapter 5 highlights the pinnacle years of Chicago’s last three championships from 1995 to 1998, and Chapter 6 reviews the disappointing years with the Washington Wizards. The book features his on-court accomplishments, but it also exam-ines his disagreements with Chicago’s coaches over offensive strategy, his clashes with Bulls’ management over team policies, and his reluctance to rely on teammates. It also details his role as a phenomenally successful ad-vertising figure and the way in which his competitiveness led to gambling problems. NOTES 1. Mark Kram and Rebecca Parks, “Michael Jordan,” in Shirelle Phelps, ed., Contem-porary Black Biography, Vol. 21 (Detroit, MI: Gale Research, Inc., 1999), p. 15. 2. ESPN, “Michael Jordan,” Sportscentury Top 50 Athletes, December 26, 1999; “ Michael Jordan,” Sports Illustrated 75 (December 23, 1991), pp. 64–81. 3. Jack McCallum, “The Everywhere Man,” Sports Illustrated 75 (December 23, 1991), pp. 64–69. 4. “Michael Jordan,” Current History Yearbook (New York: H. W. Wilson Company, 1997), p. 252. 5. Mike Lupica, “Let’s Fly Again,” Esquire 123 (May 1995), p. 54. 6. David Breskin, “Michael Jordan,” Gentleman ’ s Quarterly (March 1989), pp. 319–397. 7. Walter LaFeber, Michael Jordan and the New Global Capitalism (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1999), p. 28. 8. David Halberstam, “A Hero for the Wired World,” Sports Illustrated 75 (December 23, 1991), pp. 76–81. 16. TIMELINE OF EVENTS IN THE LIFE OF MICHAEL JORDAN 1963 Jordan is born on February 17 in Brooklyn, New York. 1975 Jordan pitches two no-hitters in the Wilmington, North Carolina Little League. He hurls a two- hitter in the Little League Eastern regionals, but his team loses, 1– 0, and just misses making the Little League World Series. 1978–1979 Jordan fails to make the varsity basketball team at Emsley A. Laney High School in Wilmington, North Carolina. 1980–1981 Jordan grows to six feet four inches by his senior year and averages 29.2 points, 11.6 rebounds, and 10.1 assists. He attends Howard Garfinkel’s summer Five All-Star Basketball Camp in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania for major college prospects. 1981–1982 Jordan enrolls at the University of North Carolina on a basketball scholarship and becomes one of the few true freshmen to start for Dean Smith. He averages 13.5 points and four rebounds, earning Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) Rookie of the Year accolades. His 15-foot corner jump shot in the closing seconds gives the Tar Heels a one-point victory over Georgetown University in the National Collegiate Athletic Association championship game and gives Smith his first national title. 17. xvi TIMELINE 1982–1983 As a sophomore, Jordan leads the ACC in scoring with a 20-point average. His 78 steals rank second to Dudley Bradley in the Tar Heels single- season record book. A unanimous All-America, he is selected The Sporting News College Player of the Year. He stars in the Pan American games in Caracas, Venezuela, where the United States wins a gold medal. 1983–1984 Jordan leads North Carolina to the ACC Conference regular-season title, averaging 19.6 points and 5.3 rebounds. He repeats as The Sporting News College Player of the Year and an All- American, winning the Naismith Award and Wooden Award, and contributes to the U.S. Olympic team gold medal win at the 1984 Los Angeles, California games. 1984–1985 Jordan leaves North Carolina after his junior year to enter the National Basketball Association draft. The Chicago Bulls select him in the first round as the third overall pick and sign him to a seven-figure, five-year contract. Jordan becomes an instant success, reviving interest in the floundering Chicago franchise. He leads the NBA in points (2,313), averaging 28.2 points, 5.9 assists, and 2.4 steals and pacing the Bulls with a 6.5 rebound average. The NBA Rookie of the Year and an All-Star game starter, Jordan scores a season-high 49 points and 40 or more points seven times. He mesmerizes crowds with his blinding speed, physical artistry, and ability to soar upwards, momentarily hang in mid air, and make balletic slam dunks. The Bulls increase home attendance by 75 percent and lead the NBA in road attendance. Jordan signs a lucrative contract with Nike athletic shoe manufacturer, which releases its very popular Air Jordan basketball shoes. 1985–1986 Chicago wins its first three games, but Jordan breaks a bone in his foot in the third game and misses all but 18 games. Without him, the Bulls lose 43 of their next 64 games. On his return, Chicago finishes the season 30–52 and makes the playoffs. The Boston Celtics sweep the Bulls in the first round, 18. TIMELINE xvii but Jordan averages 43.7 points and scores an NBA-playoff record 63 points in a double overtime loss in Game 2 on April 20. 1986–1987 Jordan wins his first NBA scoring title with a 37.1 point average, becoming only the second NBA player (Wilt Chamberlain was the first) to tally 3,000 points in a season and the first player in NBA history to register 200 steals and 100 blocked shots in a season. He wins the slam-dunk competition on All-Star weekend in February in Seattle and scores 61 points in a 117–114 loss to the Atlanta Hawks on April 16 at Chicago Stadium. Jordan registers at least 50 points eight times during the regular season, makes the All-NBA first team, and finishes runner-up to Magic Johnson in the NBA Most Valuable Player voting, but Boston again sweeps Chicago in the first playoff round. 1987–1988 Jordan repeats as NBA scoring champion with a 35.0 point average and leads the NBA with 3.16 steals per contest, helping the Bulls post a 50–32 mark and advance beyond the first playoff round for the first time in seven seasons. He wins his second consecutive slam-dunk contest with a dunk from the free-throw line and tallies 40 points as the All- Star game MVP. His 259 steals and 131 blocks are exceptional for an NBA guard. The NBA MVP and defensive player of the year, Jordan makes the All- NBA first team and the All-Defensive team. In the playoffs, he averages 45.2 points to help Chicago eliminate the Cleveland Cavaliers in five games before losing to the eventual Eastern Conference champion Detroit Pistons in five games in the second round. 1988–1989 On January 25, Jordan scores his 10,000th career point against the Philadelphia 76ers, reaching that total in just 303 games, fewer than any other NBA player except Wilt Chamberlain. He records perhaps his best all-around performance, leading the NBA with 32.5 points per contest, averaging a personal-best 8.0 assists, and hauling down a career-high 8.0 rebounds per outing. A perennial All-Star 19. xviii TIMELINE and All-NBA first teamer, Jordan makes the first team All-Defensive squad and finishes second in the NBA MVP balloting. He joins the NBA’s great clutch performers with his last second shot against Cleveland in decisive Game 5 of the first playoff round. After defeating the New York Knicks in the Eastern Conference semifinals, the Bulls lose to Detroit in the Eastern Conference Finals. The physical Pistons invoke the Jordan Rules, double-and triple-teaming Jordan every time he touches the ball, preventing him from going to the baseline, and hammering him when he drives to the basket. 1989–1990 Jordan marries Juanita Vanoy in September at Las Vegas, Nevada. Chicago finishes 55–27 under new coach Phil Jackson. Jordan again paces the NBA in scoring with a 33.6 point average, finishing third in the NBA MVP balloting and repeating on the All-NBA first team and the All-Defensive team. Besides tallying a career-high 69 points at Cleveland on March 28, he leads the NBA in steals, with 2.77 per game, and averages 6.9 rebounds and 6.3 assists. Jordan averages 33.1 points in the playoffs, but De-troit eliminates the Bulls in the seven-game Eastern Conference Finals. 1990–1991 Jordan silences his critics who claim that his brilliant individual performance had not elevated the play of his teammates or brought the Bulls an NBA title. He wins his second NBA MVP Award after leading the NBA again in scoring with a 31.5 point average and averaging 6.0 rebounds and 5.5 assists. After winning a franchise record 61 games and finishing in first place for the first time in 16 years, Chicago sweeps Detroit in the Eastern Conference Finals and defeats the Los Angeles Lakers in the five-game NBA Finals for its first NBA title. During the playoffs, Jordan averages 31.1 points, 6.4 rebounds, and 8.4 assists and changes hands in midair while completing a layup against Los Angeles. He wins his first NBA Finals MVP Award and weeps while holding the NBA Finals trophy. 1991–1992 The Bulls continue their dominance, with 67 victories, as Jordan snags another NBA MVP 20. TIMELINE xix Award. He paces the NBA with a 30.0 point scoring average and averages 6.4 rebounds and 6.1 assists, repeating on the All-NBA first team and the All- Defensive first team, and averages 34.5 points in 22 postseason contests. After overcoming the physical New York Knicks in the second round, the Bulls eliminate the Cleveland Cavaliers in the Eastern Conference Finals. Jordan again earns NBA Finals MVP honors with his dominating performance, as Chicago defends its title in six games over the Portland Trail Blazers. His six 3-pointers and 35 points in the first half highlight Game 1. The “Dream Team,” a collection of NBA superstars, including Jordan, breeze to a gold medal at the 1992 Olympic games in Barcelona, Spain. The star-studded roster cruises through the medal round, keeping America at the top of the basketball world. The Olympics promote the NBA and Jordan’s potent image to a growing international market of basketball fans. 1992–1993 Jordan helps the Bulls become the first team to win three consecutive NBA titles since Boston’s victories during the mid-1960s. He again paces the NBA in scoring with a 32.6-point average, but Charles Barkley of the Phoenix Suns takes the NBA MVP Award. The Bulls lose the first two games of the Eastern Conference Finals at New York but rally behind Jordan to win four straight. Chicago bests Phoenix in the six-game NBA Finals, as Jordan’s 41 point scoring average sets an NBA Finals record. He becomes the first NBA player to earn three straight NBA Finals MVP awards, capping off perhaps the most spectacular seven-year run by any athlete. 1993–1994 Jordan announces his initial retirement from basketball, citing a lost desire to play the game. Other factors include his physical exhaustion, ever- rowing celebrity, and the murder of his father, James, that July . Jordan also suffers gambling losses on the golf course and is spotted at an Atlantic City, New Jersey casino. His photo-filled book, Rare Air: Michael on Michael, celebrates his remark-able athletic skills. Jordan spends 1994 pursuing a 21. xx TIMELINE childhood dream he shared with his father—playing professional baseball. He trains with the Chicago White Sox and plays outfield for the Birmingham Barons of the Class AA Southern League, drawing large crowds. In 127 games, Jordan hits only .202 and strikes out 114 times in 436 at bats. He belts 17 doubles, drives in 51 runs, and steals 30 bases. 1994–1995 Jordan plays baseball for the Scottsdale Scorpions in the Arizona Fall League and scores 52 points on September 9 in the final basketball game at the old Chicago Stadium, a charity contest arranged by Scottie Pippen. The entrance to the United Center, new arena of the Chicago Bulls, is adorned with a 12-foot bronze statue of an airborne Jordan. His disappointing baseball performance and the pro-longed professional baseball players’ strike prompt him to return to the NBA. On March 18, Jordan issues a two-word press-release, “I’m back.” The next day, he rejoins the Bulls and dons jersey Number 45, as his familiar Number 23 had been retired in his honor during his first retirement. Besides scoring 55 points against New York at Madison Square Garden on March 29, Jordan leads Chicago to a 9–1 record in April and the NBA playoffs. He averages 26.8 points in 17 regular-season games and 31.5 points in the playoffs, but the Bulls lose to the Orlando Magic in the six-game Eastern Conference semifinals. His sequel, I ’ m Back! More Rare Air, provides more re-flections on his remarkable athletic career. 1995–1996 The playoff defeat motivates Jordan to train aggressively over the summer. The Bulls, strengthened by the acquisition of rebounder Dennis Rodman, dominate the NBA with an all-time best 72–10 mark. Jordan wins both the regular season and All-Star Game MVP awards and captures an eighth scoring title, averaging 30.4 points, hauling down 6.6 rebounds, dishing off 4.3 assists, and making 2.2 steals per outing. He averages 30.7 points in postseason, as Chicago sweeps Orlando in the Eastern Conference Finals and defeats the Seattle SuperSonics in the six-game NBA Finals 22. TIMELINE xxi to win the title. Jordan earns the NBA Finals MVP Award for the fourth time, surpassing Magic Johnson, and becomes the first player since Willis Reed in 1970 to capture all three MVP awards during the same season. 1996–1997 Jordan leads the Bulls to a 69–13 record and fifth championship in seven years, although Karl Malone edges him for the NBA MVP Award. He wins another NBA scoring title with a 29.6-point aver-age and tallies his 25,000th career point at the San Antonio Spurs on November 23. Jordan averages 31.1 points in the playoffs and 32.3 points in the NBA Finals, helping the Bulls conquer the Utah Jazz in six games. He wins Game 1 with a buzzer-beating jump shot. Despite being feverish and dehydrated from a stomach virus, Jordan scores 38 points and makes the game-deciding three-pointer with less than one minute left to lift the Bulls to a dramatic 90–88 victory in Game 5. He earns a record fifth NBA Finals MVP Award and signs an unprec-edented $3 million, one-year contract that August. 1997–1998 Chicago compiles a 62–20 record for a second three-peat. Jordan leads the NBA for a record tenth time in scoring with a 28.7 point average, securing his fifth regular-season MVP Award. His other ac-colades include making the All-NBA first team for the tenth time, the NBA All- Defensive team for the ninth time, and All-Star Game MVP for the third time. The Bulls win the Eastern Conference playoffs for the third straight year and vanquish Utah in the six-game NBA Finals. In decisive Game 6, Jordan enjoys perhaps the greatest clutch performance in NBA Finals history. He steals the ball from Malone and sinks a dramatic shot with less than 10 seconds left, giving the Bulls an 87–86 victory and their sixth NBA championship. Jordan scores 45 points in that historic game and averages more than 30 points in the NBA Finals, earning his sixth NBA Finals MVP Award, twice that of any other NBA player. A third memoir, For the Love of the Game: My Story, provides more reflections on his career. 23. xxii TIMELINE 1999 Jordan retires from the Bulls for the second time on January 13 during an owner-induced lockout of NBA players, “99.9 percent” certain he will never play another NBA game. Phil Jackson leaves as coach and Pippen is traded to the Houston Rockets. 2000 On January 19, Jordan becomes part owner and president of basketball operations for the Washington Wizards NBA team. He wins four Excellence in Sports Performance for the Year (ESPY) awards: Athlete of the Century, Male Athlete of the 1990s, Pro Basketball Player of the 1990s, and Play of the Decade for switching the ball from his right hand to his left for a dunk against Los Angeles in the 1991 NBA Finals. Jordan trades or releases several highly paid, unpopular players, including Juwan Howard and Rod Strickland, but unwisely drafts high school prospect Kwame Brown with his first 2001 draft pick. 2001 Jordan spends the spring and summer training for a second comeback, holding several invitation-only games for NBA players in Chicago, and hires Doug Collins as Washington head coach. On September 25, he leaves the Wizards front office and returns as a player. 2001–2002 Despite an injury-plagued season, Jordan still paces Washington in scoring (22.9 point average), assists (5.2 average), and steals (1.42 average). He nearly leads the youthful Wizards to the playoffs and in-spires sellouts for all 41 home games at the MCI Center. Jordan sparks Washington to a franchise-record nine-game winning steak in December and scores his 30,000th career point on January 4 against Chicago at the MCI Center. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Chamberlain, and Malone were the only NBA play-ers to score 30,000 career points previously. A knee injury shortens his season to 60 games. 2002–2003 Jordan averages 20 points as the only Wizard to play all 82 games, but Washington again misses the playoffs. He appears in his 13th All-Star game, surpassing Abdul-Jabbar as leading scorer in All- Star history. Jordan scores 43 points on February 24. TIMELINE xxiii 21 against the New Jersey Nets, becoming the first 40-year-old to tally 40 points in an NBA game. The Wizards again sell out all 41 home games. Jordan retires with 32,292 career points, third on the NBA’s all-time scoring list behind Abdul- Jabbar and Malone. He assumes that he will return to his director of basketball operations position, but Washington owner Abe Pollin fires him on May 7. 2003–2006 Jordan spends time with his family in Chicago, golfs in celebrity charity tournaments, and promotes his Jordan Brand clothing line. In 2005, his inspiring story, Driven from Within, stresses the importance of authenticity, integrity, passion, commitment, and other qualities in his personal life. The book also describes how challenging events have pushed him to new heights. On June 15, 2006, Jordan becomes the second-largest owner of the Charlotte Bobcats NBA team. Owner Bob Johnson gives him final authority on player personnel decisions as managing member of basketball operations. The Jordans file for divorce in December 2006, citing irreconcilable difference, ending their 17-year marriage. They re-tain joint custody of their three children. 26. Chapter 1 THE FORMATIVE YEARS, 1963–1984 MIDDLE CLASS ORIGINS: EARLY YEARS (1963–1977) Jordan attributes his success to his home, family, and hometown. He came from a close-knit upper-middle class family. His parents, James Jordan and Deloris Peoples, grew up in limited economic circumstances on eastern North Carolina farms. They met after a basketball game in Wallace in 1956. James, a sharecropper’s son, served in the U.S. Air Force, and Deloris briefly attended Tuskegee Institute. They were married shortly after Deloris quit Tuskegee. Both parents were average height and nonathletic. Michael Jordan was born February 17, 1963 in Brooklyn, New York. His parents lived there temporarily while his father attended a General Elec-tric training school. The fourth of five children, he has two older brothers, Larry and James, the most athletic sibling; an older sister, Deloris; and a younger sister, Roslyn. When Jordan was still young, his father retired from the Air Force and moved to Wallace. James worked as a forklift operator at the General Electric Company factory outside Wallace, and Deloris was a drive-through window teller at a branch of United Carolina Bank in Wallace. In 1970, the Jordans got better jobs in larger Wilmington, near where James had grown up. James, who built a large house in a wooded area near an ocean beach, was promoted at General Electric to dispatcher, foreman, and equipment supervisor of three departments. Deloris advanced to head teller at United Carolina Bank and then head of customer relations at the 27. 2 MICHAEL JORDAN downtown office. The Jordans fared well financially with incomes from their jobs and James’s Air Force pension. The five Jordan children attended integrated schools and missed the worst of the civil rights violence. The Jordans encouraged Michael to develop friendships with both African-Americans and whites. Deloris wanted Michael to judge others on their merits rather than their skin color. Jordan seldom experienced racial discrimination, but he was suspended from school for crushing a Popsicle into the head of a white girl who called him a “nigger.” 1 When a neighbor refused to let him use a swimming pool, he quietly left. “Don’t worry about race unless somebody slaps you in the face,” 2 he said. Jordan’s parents influenced him in different ways. Both parents imbued him with their strong work ethic, the will to strive for excellence in their chosen fields, and a sense of priorities. Jordan developed his outgoing personality, sense of humor and order, love of athletics, mischievousness, and tongue-wagging from James. “My father is a people person,” Jordan explained. “He can talk to someone for five hours and have any con-versation you could imagine.” Deloris gave him motivation, discipline, a perfectionist attitude, competitiveness, and a drive to win. “My mother has always been more of the business side of the family,” he observed. “She had a kind of [get up and get it] attitude.” 3 James described Michael as carefree, kind, and easy to please. The laziest sibling, Michael avoided doing household chores. As a teenager, he was the only sibling who did not maintain a steady job and would have been viewed as the least likely to succeed. “I was the black sheep of the family,” Jordan confessed. “I didn’t want to work.” 4 He often bribed his siblings to avoid household chores that his strict, hard-working parents demanded of their children. Deloris forced him to take a job at a hotel doing main-tenance work, but he quit after a week. She was upset and warned him that he would not have any spending money. Jordan just wanted to play basketball and other sports. He admitted, “my focus was to be the best player in whatever sport I played. That was all I ever thought about.” Unlike James or his older brothers, Ronnie and Larry, Michael lacked mechanical skills. James wanted Michael to help him in the garage, but Michael was not interested. “He didn’t think I’d amount to anything,” Jordan recalled. 5 Jordan was not focused academically until high school. Although he had perfect school attendance through eighth grade, he had discipline problems in ninth grade. “Ninth grade was the toughest year of my life,” 6 Jordan recollected. The principal suspended him for leaving the school grounds without permission on the first day of school to buy a soda, for 28. THE FORMATIVE YEARS 3 swearing at a teacher, and for fighting a boy who erased the white lines he was drawing to form base paths on the school infield for a baseball game that day. He tried to stay out of further trouble. Jordan considered baseball his favorite sport and made his first athletic accomplishments in that sport. He wanted to become a professional baseball player He was one of few African Americans on his Wilmington Little League team and pitched two no-hitters. At age 12, Jordan hurled a two-hitter in the Little League Eastern Regionals, but Wilmington lost the championship game, 1–0, and just missed making the Little League World Series. He fared even better in the Babe Ruth League, earning Most Valuable Player honors when his team captured the state baseball championship. Jordan considered the award his favorite childhood memory and biggest accomplishment as a youth. He also excelled at pool, cards, Monopoly, and other games and played the trumpet in seventh and eighth grades. In Wilmington, the African American youngsters usually played basketball rather than baseball. Basketball seemed a distant dream for Jordan because of his skinny frame. Not a born basketball player, Jordan worked hard to improve his jumping and other hoop skills. He worshipped his competitive, athletic older brother, Larry. As a middle school student, Jordan often played one-on-one basketball with Larry on the small court that his father built in the back yard. Although only five foot seven inches, Larry dominated Michael for several years because he was taller and much stronger. Jordan repeatedly lost the one-on-ones, but loved competition and overcoming obstacles. Their spirited rivalry sometimes even led to fights. Frustrated by his lack of height, Jordan often hung from a chin-up bar to stretch his body. He eventually outgrew Larry, but both could jump. Despite his later athletic accomplishments, Jordan remained an adoring younger brother and looked to Larry as a source of inspiration. James often complimented Larry more often, lead-ing Michael to work even harder. LEARNING THROUGH FAILURE: 9TH AND 10TH GRADES (1977–1979) By the ninth grade, Jordan began exhibiting more athletic ability and even more competitiveness. Six-foot six-inch Harvest Leroy Smith, Jordan’s closest friend, considered him small, but very quick and the best ninth-grade player. Jordan’s quickness compensated for his lack of size. Jordan needed to win whether it was a game or just playing HORSE. If he lost, he played again until he won. 29. 4 MICHAEL JORDAN Emsley A. Laney High School was desegregated when Jordan entered. Approximately 40 percent of Laney students were African American. Laney lacked the racial tensions that sometimes occurred at southern schools. After ninth grade, Jordan and Smith attended varsity basketball coach Clifton “Pop” Herring’s basketball camp. Herring invited them to try out for the varsity squad as sophomores in 1978, and he liked Jordan’s quickness and Smith’s size, but the other varsity players were older and stronger. When Herring posted the varsity team names in the gymnasium, Smith made the final cut, but 5-foot 9-inch Jordan did not. Although admitting that the varsity squad was very good, Jordan still insisted he could contribute. Assistant coach Fred Lynch decided that Jordan should spend his sophomore year on the junior varsity squad. Jordan would see more play-ing action there. The Laney coaching staff should have known how the decision to accept Smith would impact Jordan and should have told him that his time would come. Jordan considered that day the worst of his young life. Herring listed the varsity team in alphabetical order. Jordan repeatedly reread the list, think-ing that he might have missed seeing his name or that the list was out of alphabetical order. He walked home alone that day. “I went to my room and I closed the door and I cried,” Jordan recalled. “For a while I couldn’t stop. Even though there was no one else home at the time, I kept the door shut. It was important to me that no one hear me or see me.” 7 Harvest Smith knew the pain that Jordan was experiencing because he considered Jordan a much better basketball player. Although his friends were playing, Jordan did not even want to cheer for the varsity team. “I guess I wanted them to lose to prove that they had made a mistake by leaving me off the team,” 8 he remembered. Jordan starred for the junior varsity basketball team that year, exhibiting dominant quickness. He averaged 28 points as a point guard, popularizing the jayvee games. The entire varsity squad watched Jordan play. Despite his stellar play, however, Jordan was not promoted to the varsity for the state tournament. He rode the team bus to the state tournament only because he asked to be statistician and the team manager was sick. Jordan desperately wanted to be part of the varsity. He did not have a ticket and had to carry the star player’s uniform just to get into the gymnasium. As a sophomore, Jordan briefly played safety on the football team, competed in track and field, and played baseball. He began thinking that perhaps baseball was best suited for his talent. The failure to make the varsity basketball squad enhanced his determination and competitiveness. It embarrassed and irritated him, especially because the team roster was posted for a long time. He did not want that to happen again. 30. THE FORMATIVE YEARS 5 Herring, however, knew that Jordan would make the varsity basketball team as a junior and encouraged him to stop playing football. Herring, who lived a block from the Jordans, picked up Jordan every morning at 6:30 a.m . that fall and drove him to the high school gymnasium for an extra hour of practice before classes started. During those sessions, Jordan worked diligently to improve his skills, fundamentals, and work ethic. “Whenever I was working out and got tired and figured I ought to stop,” he said, “I’d close my eyes and see that list in the locker room without my name on it, and that usually got me going again.” 9 His game improved, and he became more confident. Herring realized Jordan’s potential and urged him to stay focused both athletically and academically. Jordan suddenly grew four inches to six foot three inches. The height change transformed him from a promising all-around athlete to a potential basketball star. THE BLOSSOMING OF A TALENT: 11TH AND 12TH GRADES (1979–1981) Jordan made the varsity basketball squad his junior year, joining his brother, Larry, who wore uniform Number 45. He requested uniform Number 23 because he aspired to be at least half the player his brother was. “Mike was real skinny,” teammate Kevin Edwards recounted, “and we called him ‘Peanut’ because of the way his head was shaped.” 10 Jordan, though, possessed much larger hands than Edwards and towered over other family members. He added strength to his quickness and began dunking the ball. Laney, led by Jordan, finished 13–10 and verged on being an excel-lent basketball team. Jordan enjoyed an impressive junior season at power forward, averaging 20.8 points. He played with intensity and practiced the hardest, working out every morning before school. Jordan implored his teammates to play harder and urged his coaches to inspire them more. Herring wanted Jordan to shoot more, but he declined. Jordan was not even included among the 300 leading high school prospects before his senior year. Jordan liked athletics more than academics. He disliked doing home-work, but Deloris made sure he did it anyway rather than waste time watching television. She adamantly insisted that he make good grades and that academics take priority over basketball. Jordan described himself as a C+ or B- student before entering high school. He often sneaked out of his biology class to practice his jump shot in the gym. After doing that so many times one year, Jordan was suspended from school. James warned Michael to cease this behavior because he had special athletic ability. 31. 6 MICHAEL JORDAN By high school graduation, Jordan had raised his academic average to a 3.2 or 3.3 grade point average and could have earned a college academic scholarship. He increasingly realized the importance of getting a good education and performed well in math, science, and his other precollege courses. Jordan also took a home economics course. “I wanted to learn how to cook and clean and sew,” he explained. “I figured no girl would ever want to marry me, and I didn’t know if I’d have enough money to eat out.” 11 Jordan wanted to be admired and respected by his classmates, but encountered difficulty getting dates and often drew taunts for playing basketball with his tongue wagging. In February 1979, Mike Brown, athletic director of the New Hanover (Wilmington) County schools, phoned Roy Williams, a University of North Carolina assistant basketball coach, about Jordan. “There’s this junior down here at Laney that’s starting to really come on,” Brown noted. Bill Guthridge, North Carolina’s top assistant basketball coach, saw Jordan play once that season and told revered head basketball coach Dean Smith that he took quite a few jump shots, exhibited exceptional quickness and great hands, and tried hard. “He’s unmilked,” 12 Guthridge observed. Although possessing natural athletic skills, Jordan still needed to learn a lot. Guthridge concluded that Jordan probably could compete in the Atlantic Coast Conference. North Carolina scouted him and monitored his development. During the summer of 1980, Williams arranged for Jordan to attend Smith’s prestigious basketball camp. Neither Smith, Williams, nor assistant coach Eddie Fogler had seen him play. Approximately 400 high schoolers, including heralded prospects Buzz Peterson and Lynnwood Robinson, attended. Jordan dominated the camp. After Jordan’s group finished a scrimmage on the first day, Williams asked him if he wanted to continue scrimmaging. Jordan agreed and played another game. He was supposed to leave after that scrimmage, but sneaked back for a third session. Williams liked Jordan’s athletic skills, quickness, jumping ability, defensive intensity, and nose for the ball and boasted to Fogler, “That’s the best six-foot-four-inch high school player I’ve ever seen.” 13 They told Smith about his stellar performance. Smith, who saw Jordan play the next morning for the first time, especially noticed his quickness and competitiveness and also liked his defensive potential and jumping ability. Williams considered Jordan to be North Carolina’s top recruit. Jordan began to show explosive athletic moves, driving to the basket, reversing himself, and scoring effortlessly. He enjoyed playing basketball, exuding a natural self-confidence, and realized that he possessed virtually unlimited 32. THE FORMATIVE YEARS 7 potential if he applied himself. Smith lunched with him twice. The coaching staff urged his family to strongly consider North Carolina. Williams suggested that the Jordans send Michael to Howard Garfinkel’s prestigious Five-Star Camp near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania that summer. Prospects competed there against the nation’s best high school players. The other North Carolina coaches were concerned that other universities would notice Jordan’s talent. Smith advised, “It would be better for us if we didn’t send him up there for everybody else to see.” 14 Williams and Fogler countered that North Carolina could learn how good Jordan really was against premier talent. Jordan was excited, but apprehensive about the camp. Unlike many other attendees, he had received very few inquiries from colleges. Jordan told himself, “You must emerge as somebody—somebody to be admired, to achieve big things. But don’t lose your identity.” 15 He played well against the nation’s best young players. Garfinkel, an astute appraiser of talent, saw Jordan showcase his physical ability and he raved that that week was the moment a star was born. Jordan stole a ball, sped down the court, and gently laid the ball in the basket. According to Garfinkel, he was quicker than the other players, possessed great jumping ability, and played with exceptional poise and control. Garfinkel persuaded Jordan’s parents to let him stay another week at the camp. Jordan relished the opportunity to improve his game. Jordan, however, did not make any prospective high school basketball All-America lists. Garfinkel told Dave Krider, who selected the players for Street and Smith, that he considered Michael among the nation’s 10 best prospects. Although Krider had never heard of Jordan, Garfinkel insisted that he be included on the All-American team. He predicted “the kid’s going to be a great star, and they’ll make fun of you if you don’t have him.” 16 Krider phoned back several hours later that it was too late to include Jordan’s name. Jordan won five trophies the first week and was named the camp’s Most Valuable Player, besting 17 high school All-Americas. Peterson also performed well there. Jordan edged him in the one-on-one championship. He suggested that they attend North Carolina as room-mates, dreaming they could win a national championship there. They exchanged telephone numbers and agreed to stay in contact. Jordan considered attending UCLA, North Carolina State University, North Carolina, the University of South Carolina, or the University of Maryland. He preferred UCLA, but the Bruins never recruited him. As a youth, Jordan rooted for North Carolina State because of its star, David Thompson, and disliked the University of North Carolina. Smith’s camp 33. 8 MICHAEL JORDAN and personal interest influenced him to reconsider North Carolina. South Carolina and Maryland also recruited Jordan. The Jordans accompanied Michael on his visits to Chapel Hill. Their involvement convinced Smith that Jordan was serious about attending North Carolina. In the fall of 1980, Smith, Guthridge, and Fogler visited the Jordans in the living room of their spacious Wilmington home. Jordan sat on the floor palming and stroking a basketball. The Jordans asked many questions, mostly about academics. Deloris appreciated Smith’s emphasizing the importance of education and disciplined work habits rather than the glories of Tar Heel basketball. Jordan’s sister, Roslyn, who graduated from high school in three years, also planned to attend North Carolina. Williams and Fogler befriended the Jordans during Michael’s senior year. Williams told James that he liked to chop wood for exercise and wanted to make a wood stove for his house. Unbeknownst to Williams, James made wood stoves for a hobby and loved to give them to friends. James built a wood stove for Williams and delivered it to his house. Williams insisted on paying for it, but James refused to accept any money. After being persuaded by Deloris, Jordan signed a letter of intent to attend North Carolina in November 1980. The Jordans liked the North Carolina basketball tradition, Smith, and especially Williams. Jordan enjoyed meeting prominent North Carolina athletes Kelvin Bryant, Lawrence Taylor, Al Wood, James Worthy, and Sam Perkins sitting on “The Wall,” the brick fence encircling the campus library. Jordan’s reputation blossomed his senior year. Smith saw him perform well against formidable Southern Wayne High School. Jordan recorded a triple-double, averaging double figures at in least three different statistical categories. He averaged 29.2 points, 11.6 rebounds, and 10.1 assists as a senior. Wilmington finished 19–4, but a fluky regional tournament setback kept them from the state tournament. Jordan helped persuade Peterson, the state’s Mr. Basketball and top athlete, to attend North Carolina. They played in the Capital Classic in Washington, D.C., McDonald’s All-American Game in Wichita, Kansas, and National Sports Festival in Syracuse, New York. Jordan made the McDonald’s All-American team and started at guard in the McDonald’s classic, converting 13 of 17 shots and scoring 30 points. Adrian Branch, a Maryland recruit who scored 24 points, won the MVP Award because his baskets came at more crucial times, but Jordan appeared the most dominant player. Deloris protested the decision and approached judges John Wooden and Sonny Hill, but Guthridge intervened. CBS 34. THE FORMATIVE YEARS 9 announcer Billy Packer consoled Deloris, “It’s only an all-star game. . . . I think your son has a great career ahead of him.” 17 THE SHOT HEARD ROUND THE NATION (1981–1982) Jordan arrived on the University of North Carolina campus in August 1981 with a basketball scholarship; he majored in geography. He roomed with Buzz Peterson, a reserve from a prominent business family whom he had befriended when both were prep All-Americas. “What impressed me most about Michael was his love for his parents and family,” Peterson recalled. He described Jordan as “a fun guy to be around,” but “deadly serious” 18 on the basketball court. North Carolina had supplanted UCLA as the nation’s premier collegiate basketball program. The Tar Heels had reached the NCAA Final Four six times during coach Dean Smith’s tenure and were eliminated in the 1981 NCAA semifinals. North Carolina was ranked Number 1 in preseason polls and returned four starters, including senior Jimmy Black, junior James Worthy, and sophomores Sam Perkins and Matt Doherty. Smith’s very disciplined program featured the team over the individual. Smith believed that the maximum results were achieved when players sacrificed individuality for the team. Smith realized that Jordan was a little apprehensive and brought him along slowly. Some Emsley A. Laney High School friends predicted that Jordan would not succeed in basketball there and urged him to attend the University of North Carolina-Wilmington. “They thought I’d sit on the bench for four years, come home and work at the local gas station,” Jordan recalled. Jordan initially doubted if he could compete with the talented North Carolina players and did not dominate his freshman year. “I thought I would go in and be a flop,” Jordan admitted. “Everyone was expecting so much.” Smith encouraged him to have fun playing basket-ball and work diligently, and assured him “you will get the opportunity to play.” 19 Jordan followed his advice and gradually gained self-confidence. Jordan quickly learned that he could fulfill expectations during campus pickup games with Worthy, Mitch Kupchak, and Al Wood before the Tar Heels’ first practice. Wood was guarding Jordan, with the score tied and the next basket to determine the winner. Jordan went to the baseline, drove past Wood and seven-foot Geff Crompton, and dunked the ball. The game winner gave him motivation to push further. Jordan began telling upperclassmen in pickup games that he would dunk the ball and 35. 10 MICHAEL JORDAN usually backed up his promises. He amazed teammates with his offensive acceleration, exceptional moves to the basket, and dazzling defensive plays. Upperclassmen considered him cocky, but he assured Smith that he could help North Carolina immediately. Worthy, Perkins, Black, and Doherty were pictured on the front cover of Sports Illustrated ’s annual preseason college basketball issue. Larry Keith, college basketball editor, told Smith that the picture would look peculiar with just four players and urged him to include Jordan. “He made him-self and the others available,” Keith said, “but he was adamant about not letting a freshman get that attention.” 20 Jordan desperately wanted to make the starting five. During Smith’s 20-year tenure, Phil Ford, Mike O’Koren, and Worthy were the only freshmen starters. Freshmen practiced against the varsity but usually made cameo appearances in games because Smith feared they would make criti-cal mistakes. Jordan battled junior Jimmy Braddock and Peterson to replace guard Al Wood. Smith regarded Braddock as a better outside shooter and ball handler; considered Peterson very athletic, more experienced, better coached, and a finer pure shooter; and regarded Jordan a better jumper, quicker, a superior defender, and more motivated. He did not know that Jordan possessed a compulsion to be the best and a rare ability to motivate himself. Jordan readily learned the guard position and new defensive techniques. He had played forward in high school, but Smith wanted him to play big guard. Smith did not name players as starters unless they demonstrated superior skill and defensive execution. Jordan mastered the guard drills so quickly that Smith knew he would see extensive action. To contend for a starting position, however, Jordan needed to be a more complete player defensively. Smith and Williams pushed Jordan to work harder in practices. Jordan assured Williams, “I’m working as hard as everyone else.” Williams replied, “But Michael, you told me you wanted to be the best. And if you want to be the best, then you have to work harder than anyone else.” Jordan responded, “Coach, I understand. You’ll see. Watch.” 21 He consequently began to take his game to another level. Smith spent considerable time explaining defensive techniques and how to counter backdoor plays. Jordan had been taught to turn and defend facing the ball, but Smith wanted him to look over his shoulder and see both player and ball. Smith walked through each step of this technique with him. Jordan amazed Smith by executing the technique perfectly at the next practice. Two preseason Blue-White scrimmages helped Smith determine the starting lineup. Jordan convinced Smith “he knew our principles defensively 36. THE FORMATIVE YEARS 11 better than most freshmen.” 22 Two days before the season opener, Smith selected Jordan over Braddock at big guard. His athletic ability, quickness, offensive creativity, enthusiasm, work ethic, and innate athletic intelligence impressed Smith. Smith informed Jordan that he was starting just before the first game against the University of Kansas at Charlotte Coliseum. Jordan was jubilant about joining Worthy, Perkins, Doherty, and Black in the start-ing lineup. North Carolina proved ideal for Jordan, who played with experienced, talented teammates in a demanding, disciplined program. Smith’s tightly organized practices challenged Jordan and proved excellent learning experiences for him. Jordan worked hard to improve, learned quickly, and showed exceptional concentration; but his defense, passing skills, and outside shot needed improvement. According to Smith, Jordan’s exceptionally large hands made it more difficult for him to shoot. Smith and about half the players called him Michael; the North Carolina media guide and remaining teammates referred to him as Mike. Sports information director Rick Brewer asked him how he preferred to be listed in the media guide. Jordan replied that he had no preference. Brewer claimed that Michael sounded better. Jordan nodded his approval and has been called that ever since. He wore uniform Number 23 and long, loose-fitting baggy shorts. Opponents often used a zone defense against North Carolina in 1981–1982, denying Worthy and Perkins the ball on the inside, while giving Jordan, Doherty, and Black open shots. Smith advised his guards not to take quick outside shots, but rather wait patiently for high percentage shots. North Carolina implemented Smith’s strategy well, averaging 67 points and restricting opponents to just 55 points. The Tar Heels shot 53.7 percent, with Perkins and Worthy both averaging more than 57 percent, Jordan more than 53 percent, and Doherty and Black more than 51 percent. Opponents often resorted to ball control, but the Tar Heels used their four corners delay game with leads. On December 26, North Carolina defeated second-ranked University of Kentucky, 82–69, at the New Jersey Meadowlands. The Wildcats applied a packed-in zone, forcing the Tar Heels to rely on jump shots. Jordan shot inconsistently in the first half, but finished with 19 points in 35 minutes. North Carolina was ranked first nationally by midseason, and Jordan was the leading scorer. North Carolina and the second-ranked University of Virginia, led by seven foot, four inch center Ralph Sampson, split two regular- season games and shared first place in the ACC. Wake Forest University inflicted the Tar Heels’ only other loss when influenza sidelined Perkins. North 37. 12 MICHAEL JORDAN Carolina faced Virginia in the ACC tournament championship game to determine which school would stay in the NCAA East Regional at nearby Charlotte and Raleigh. No national champion had ever reached the NCAA Final Four from outside its natural region. Jordan spent five days in the infirmary with a bad throat infection but recovered by the ACC tournament. In that ACC title game, Jordan converted four consecutive jump shots to give North Carolina a 44–43 lead with 7 minutes and 34 seconds left. Smith instructed the Tar Heels to spread their offense with his patented four corners and not shoot again unless Sampson and the Virginia zone moved away from the basket. The Cavaliers let nearly five minutes elapse before starting to foul North Carolina. With 28 seconds left, Virginia accumulated enough fouls to send Doherty to the line. Doherty converted one foul shot, giving the Tar Heels a 45–43 lead. After North Carolina regained possession, Doherty sank two more free throws with three seconds remaining. Sampson’s meaningless dunk at the buzzer produced the 47–45 final score. James Madison University nearly upset the Tar Heels in the second round of the NCAA East regionals at Charlotte. Worthy scored North Carolina’s last five points, giving the Tar Heels a narrow 52–50 victory. North Carolina spread the court late in the second halves to preserve victories over the University of Alabama and Villanova University at Raleigh and make the NCAA Final Four. In the NCAA semifinals at the Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana, the Tar Heels shot 76 percent in the second half to defeat the high- scoring University of Houston, 68–63. Houston featured All-America guard Rob Williams, Hakeem Olajuwon, and Clyde Drexler. Perkins tallied 25 points and 10 rebounds, but Williams tallied only two points. North Carolina faced Georgetown University in the NCAA cham-pionship game before 61,612 fans and a huge national television audi-ence. Georgetown, coached by John Thompson, played pressure defense with 7-foot 1-inch All-America freshman Patrick Ewing and three quick guards. North Carolina countered with speed, power, finesse, and excel-lent passing. Smith had not won an NCAA title in six previous Final Four appearances. Georgetown displayed tenacious defense, with Ewing being called for goaltending on five of the first nine North Carolina shots. The Hoyas led, 32–31, at halftime. Ewing and Eric “Sleepy” Floyd combined for 18 points; Worthy tallied 18 points. Jordan delivered the best performance of his freshman season, leading both teams with nine rebounds, scor-ing 12 points in the first 24 minutes, setting up two monster dunks by 38. THE FORMATIVE YEARS 13 Worthy, and playing great defense. He prevented a sure Ewing basket by intercepting a pass and finding Worthy for another flying slam dunk to give the Tar Heels a 57–56 lead. North Carolina used its four corners offense. Black drew Ewing’s fourth foul and converted both free throws, widening the lead to 59–56 with 5 minutes and 30 seconds left. After Georgetown’s Fred Brown made two free throws, North Carolina ran two minutes off the clock. Jordan spotted a slight opening and drove down the middle lane to the basket. Ewing tried to block his path. Jordan, already airborne, switched the ball to his left hand and laid it up just over Ewing’s outstretched arm. The ball touched high off the glass and gently through the net, giving the Tar Heels a 61–58 lead. Georgetown regained the lead, 62–61, on baskets by Ewing and Floyd. Smith called a timeout with 32 seconds left. He preferred to get the ball inside to Worthy or Perkins, but he figured Georgetown’s pressure defense would deny them the ball. Smith anticipated that Jordan would be open and instructed the other players to pass the ball to him for the final shot. “Take the first great shot, and pound the boards,” he instructed Jordan. Smith uncharacteristically trusted a talented freshman to take the decisive shot. He tapped him on the knee and said, “If it comes to you, Michael, knock it in.” 23 When play resumed, Jordan breathed deeply and just waited. Black took the inbound pass but found neither Worthy nor Perkins open. He faked a pass to Perkins and passed to Jordan, who sank an open 16-foot corner jump shot with 17 seconds left to put North Carolina ahead, 63–62. The arena roared at what North Carolinians termed “The Shot.” Jordan shut his eyes after releasing the ball and admitted, “I honestly did not know that the shot had gone in until Georgetown took the ball out of bounds.” 24 At crunch time, Jordan always wanted the ball. “He didn’t have a hesitation or a doubt that he was going to shoot the ball,” 25 Doherty recollected. A picture of Jordan launching the shot became the cover of the Chapel Hill phone book. The Hoyas pushed the ball down court quickly, but Jordan blocked the lane when Fred Brown tried to pass to Floyd. Brown instead threw an errant pass to Worthy, who missed two foul shots with two seconds remaining. Georgetown’s desperation 50-foot shot missed at the buzzer, preserving North Carolina’s 63–62 victory. Smith, who won his first NCAA title, told Thompson, “It was the best team we played all year, and it was our best game.” 26 The Tar Heels shot 53.2 percent in the classic game; the Hoyas converted 52.9 percent. Worthy led North Carolina with 28 points and won the NCAA Final Four Award, and Ewing paced Georgetown with 23 points. 39. 14 MICHAEL JORDAN The decisive basket marked the making of the legendary Jordan. Fogler observed, “That kid doesn’t realize it yet, but he’s part of history now. People will remember that shot 25 years from now.” 27 The 19-year-old Jordan won acclaim for his graceful success under immense pressure, per-forming in a way that few freshmen could. Classmate Davis Love noted, “He wanted the ball in that situation. How many freshmen would have that confidence to take it, then make it?” 28 Smith, impressed with Jordan’s intelligence and court savvy, was amazed by how often he played heroic roles at crunch time. Although later winning six NBA titles, Jordan con-sidered the 1981 NCAA Championship his favorite moment. “It’s hard to outrank Carolina,” he explained,“because that started everything. The confidence, the knowledge, and everything I gained from that, is without question the beginning of Michael Jordan.” 29 James warned him, “Your life will never be the same after that shot.” 30 Michael’s dramatic shot relieved Smith, who had taken six previous North Carolina teams to the NCAA Final Four without winning a national title. Smith gleamed, “I would never have to answer another question about not winning a national championship. That so-called monkey was off my back.” At a press conference, Smith acknowledged, “we were the best team in college basketball in 1982.” He added, “We were solid defensively, difficult to stop on offense, and a good rebounding team. Also we were mentally tough.” 31 Besides playing smart and unselfishly, his youthful squad remained healthy. Several Tar Heels won personal accolades, and the NCAA title benefited the basketball program. Worthy was named national Player of the Year and made first team All-America with Perkins. Jordan garnered NCAA Freshman of the Year honors, averaging 13.5 points and four rebounds in 34 games and performing brilliantly in the clutch. North Carolina signed another highly rated recruiting class, featuring center Brad Daugherty and guards Steve Hale and Curtis Hunter. A MOVE TO THE HEAD OF THE CLASS (1982–1983) Under Smith, Jordan learned tight all-around team play and mastered rebounding and defense. After the title season, Smith told Jordan that he needed to improve his defense. As a freshman, Jordan did not win one defensive game award. If he worked hard on his defense over the summer, he could become a more complete player. Smith explained that good defense ultimately won games and remained consistent even when the offense struggled. Jordan worked so diligently on his defense that summer 40. THE FORMATIVE YEARS 15 that he became more interested in defense than offense. Smith also asked Jordan to improve his left-handed dribble and his outside shot because the ACC was adopting the shot clock and three-point shot. Jordan toiled assiduously on each facet of his game. His extraordinary athletic gifts, determination, and work ethic astonished Smith. “I have never seen that kind of improvement in anyone, ever,” Smith observed. “We weren’t prepared for the exponential leap he made in his game.” 32 Besides being more mature physically, Jordan was a more consistent shooter and savvier player. By August, Jordan exhibited new confidence and a quiet swagger. He already possessed the qualities to become a great player, but his confidence matched his physical talent. Jordan looked impressive during preseason pickup games against established NBA players Mike O’Koren, Al Wood, Dudley Bradley, Phil Ford, Mitch Kupchak, and Walter Davis, Tar Heel returnees Perkins and Doherty, and incoming freshmen. He once soared over Davis to dunk the ball with tongue wagging and eyes wide open. During these games, Jordan became the most dominant player. Besides scoring at will, he elevated the weaker phases of his game and performed moves that could not be taught. Jordan seemed bigger, faster, and stronger at fall practice. He had grown from six feet, four inches to six feet, six inches and ran the 40-yard sprint in 4.39 seconds, .16 of a second faster than during his freshman year. His height and speed complemented his talent, passion, and willingness to accept coaching advice, making him a dominant player. He almost always won the one-on-one drills against Hale, Peterson, and Braddock, frequently dunking the ball. After observing one practice, Philadelphia 76ers coach Billy Cunningham proclaimed “He’s going to be the greatest player who ever came out of here.” 33 Jordan needed to win whether in practice, basketball games, or other activities. At some practices, Smith played Jordan with four nonstarters to let him experience the desperation of getting blown out in scrimmages. Jordan developed a disdain for losing and the foundation of a killer instinct. Smith often stacked five-on-five games against him, but his team usually prevailed anyway. Every competition meant life or death for him, occasionally landing him in trouble. Jordan, Peterson, and their dates were playing Monopoly one night. Jordan threw the Monopoly board and stormed out of the room when Peterson built hotels on Boardwalk and Park Place. “I stayed with my sister that night,” he recalled. “I just couldn’t face Buzz.” 34 As a sophomore, Jordan played small forward. Although Worthy and Black graduated, North Carolina ranked first nationally in 1982–1983 41. 16 MICHAEL JORDAN preseason polls. Jordan, Perkins, Doherty, Braddock, and Warren Martin returned from the national championship team; 16-year-old center Daugherty and guards Hunter and Hale gave the Tar Heels considerable depth. Injuries, however, intervened. Jordan broke his hand and played with a hard cast during the first four games, and injuries also slowed Perkins and Daugherty. North Carolina dropped its first two games at the Univer-sity of Missouri and St. John’s University and struggled to win three of its next four contests. Jordan showcased his exceptional defensive ability, natural basketball instincts, and blazing speed, usually being assigned to guard two players. He often freelanced, stealing the ball at very opportu-nity. His 22-foot jump shot against Tulane University forced overtime in North Carolina’s initial victory. In late December, the Tar Heels won the Rainbow Classic in Honolulu, Hawaii. Jordan’s road to glory continued on January 12 at Chapel Hill, where he blocked Chuck Driesell’s shot to preserve a 72–71 victory over the University of Maryland. In the rematch at College Park later that month, Jordan took an outlet pass from Perkins, accelerated toward the basket, and launched an experimental Air Jordan dunk. He moved laterally while elevating toward the basket. “Before you know it,” he recalled, “I’m cranking the ball back, rocking it left to right, cuffing it before I put it down. Every breakaway after that seemed like a chance to try something new.” 35 North Carolina defeated Virginia twice. The Tar Heels snapped the top-ranked Cavaliers’ 34-game winning streak in January in Charlottesville, where Perkins tallied a career-high 36 points in the 101–95 upset. Near the end, Jordan stunned the crowd by soaring across the lane to block Ralph Sampson’s shot. North Carolina extended its victory streak to 18 games against Virginia at Chapel Hill on February 10, when Jordan sparked a comeback. Virginia exploited Sampson’s enormous size, amass-ing a 16-point lead with nine minutes left, and still led, 63–53, with 4 minutes and 12 seconds left. Braddock’s three pointer, coupled with two free throws each by Doherty and Perkins, sliced the margin to 63–60 with 2 minutes and 54 seconds remaining. Jordan scored with 1 minute and 7 seconds left and stole the ball from Rick Carlisle. After driving toward the basket, he ascended with his arm cocked and slam-dunked the ball to put North Carolina ahead, 64–63. The crowd reached a frenzied pitch. After Carlisle missed a last second shot, Jordan snatched the rebound to preserve the victory. The Tar Heels finished eighth nationally with a 28–8 record, sharing first place in the ACC with Virginia. Injuries sidelined Peterson and Hunter for the rest of the season, and Daugherty played with a stress foot fracture. North Carolina lost to eventual NCAA champion North 42. THE FORMATIVE YEARS 17 Carolina State University in the ACC Tournament semifinals at Atlanta. The University of Georgia upset the Tar Heels, 82–77, in the NCAA East regional finals at Syracuse, New York, abruptly ending North Carolina’s quest to repeat as national champions. Georgia continually penetrated North Carolina’s trapping defense. Jordan, benefiting from the ACC’s three-point shot experiment, averaged 20.0 points and 5.5 rebounds in 36 games and won 12 defensive game awards. He earned numerous honors, including All-Atlantic Coast Conference, All-America team, and The Sporting News College Player of the Year, and he ranked second to Sampson in the Associated Press Player of the Year balloting. Jordan led the ACC in scoring and recorded 78 steals, trailing only Dudley Bradley in the North Carolina record books. The Sporting News described his court versatility, “He soars through the air, he rebounds, he scores (more than 1,100 points in two years, a school record), he guards two men at once, he vacuums up loose balls, he blocks shots, he makes steals. Most important, he makes late plays that win games.” 36 The next afternoon, Jordan told Roy Williams that he had been play-ing basketball for two consecutive years without a respite and wanted a breather. Williams encouraged him to take time off and was surprised to find him practicing that night in the gym. Jordan responded that he needed to improve his game. Jordan toured that summer with various All-Star teams and starred in the Pan-American Games in Caracas, Venezuela, where the U.S. basketball team won a gold medal. The South American trip intensified his interest in cultural geography. Peter Alfano observed, “He can excite a crowd like a Sunday morning preacher and lift a team to new heights, and yet people are impressed by his unassuming nature and friendly manner. There are times when he seems too good to be real.” 37 Jordan also enjoyed playing golf with roommate Peterson and future pro golfer Davis Love. NATIONAL AND OLYMPIC HONORS (1983–1984) During Jordan’s junior year, most 1983–1984 preseason polls ranked North Carolina best nationally. Sports Illustrated predicted that the Tar Heels would win the national championship and pictured Jordan with Perkins on the front cover of its college basketball issue. Jordan and Perkins led North Carolina, complemented by Brad Daugherty and Kenny Smith. Besides being stronger and more articulate, Jordan began exhibiting his killer instinct on the court, and Perkins scored from both inside and chal-lenged the Tar Heels’ career rebounding records. Daugherty, slimmer and 43. 18 MICHAEL JORDAN stronger, was the best pure center to play under Smith. Point guard Smith, New York City hoop star, was considered the final link to another NCAA title and became just the fifth Tar Heel to start as a freshman. North Carolina started the 1983–1984 season with 21 consecutive victories, including Smith’s 500th career win. The Tar Heels dominated most opponents, routing Syracuse University at the Carrier Dome and capturing both the Stanford Invitational and the Holiday Classic in New York, but Jordan was disappointed at not making either All-Tournament team. He tried to fulfill his own high expectations and win player of the year awards. Smith told him, “So what if you don’t? Don’t worry about other people’s expectations.” 38 The conversation helped relieve pressure for Jordan. The only close contests were a three-point win at Virginia and a five-point victory at Duke University. During the winning streak, Smith reminded Jordan about the importance of teamwork. Jordan stole the ball against Maryland, sped down the court, and converted a spectacular slam dunk to defeat the Terrapins. As the ecstatic Tar Heels charged into the dressing room, Smith reminded Jordan that Maryland had left Kenny Smith unguarded Jordan displayed his mental fiber when he saw Maryland’s Ben Coleman slap Doherty in the face while running down the court. When Coleman was positioned near the basket late in the game, Jordan dunked the ball right over him and sternly warned him not to hit North Carolina players again. Freshman point guard Kenny Smith broke his left wrist against Louisiana State University and missed nearly a month of play. A 65–64 loss at the University of Arkansas ended the Tar Heels’ 18-game winning streak. North Carolina won its last seven games to finish the regular season 26–1. In the first two games of that winning streak, Jordan tallied 57 points, 14 rebounds, and 9 steals. The Tar Heels ended the regular season by defeating Duke, 96–83, in double overtime in the home finale for Jordan, Perkins, and Doherty. North Carolina fared 14–0 in the ACC, its first undefeated conference record in a decade, and ranked first in the final regular season poll. Jordan experienced a disappointing postseason. Duke upset North Carolina, 77–75, in the ACC Tournament semifinals at Greensboro. Smith’s broken wrist prevented him from dribbling with his left hand and limited his outside shooting, and Daugherty played with injured ligaments in his shooting hand. After defeating Temple University in the NCAA tournament second round, North Carolina was eliminated by Indiana University, 72–68, in the NCAA Eastern Regional semifinals at Atlanta, Georgia. Indiana, coached by Bob Knight, controlled the tempo and denied open shots to Jordan and Perkins. Guard Dan Dakich 44. THE FORMATIVE YEARS 19 shadowed Jordan, challenging his jump shots and denying him dunking and rebounding opportunities. Jordan accumulated two quick fouls and sat out most of the first half. He recorded just 13 points and one rebound in 26 minutes before fouling out. North Carolina finished 28–3 and again missed the NCAA Finals. The Tar Heels averaged 80 points, played excellent defense, and rebounded well, but they watched Georgetown defeat Houston for the NCAA title. Coach Smith dejectedly reflected, “it was the third time that I thought we had the best team in the country.” 39 Smith equated that squad with his stellar 1977 and 1982 aggregates. Jordan averaged 19.6 points, 5.3 rebounds, and approximately 4 assists and 3 steals in 31 games, shooting 55.1 percent as a junior. He fed the ball to Perkins and Daugherty, who shot 59 percent and 61 percent, respectively. Jordan won both the Naismith Award and Wooden Award, repeating as The Sporting News College Player of Year and an All-America. Jordan surged to the forefront as a result of his ability to excel at crunch time. “Jordan,” The Sporting News opined, “is a showman under control. Sometimes Jordan spontaneously performs an electrifying high-wire act.” 40 At other times, he waltzed in for a layup, pulled up for a soft jump shot, or improvised with a critical steal or blocked shot. During Jordan’s three years at North Carolina, the team compiled an 88–13 record and made three NCAA tournaments. He scored 1,788 points for a 17.7 point average and averaged 5.0 rebounds and 1.8 assists in 101 games. He also tallied 165 points in 10 NCAA Tournament games. Coach Smith believed that Jordan had little left to prove at the collegiate level and advised him to enter the National Basketball Association draft. Jordan was ready to adjust to the faster, more challenging NBA. If he remained at North Carolina, Smith anticipated that defenses would use difficult zones against him and triple team him. He also feared that any major injury might hinder Jordan’s professional career. “What’s best for my players always comes first,” 41 Smith counseled. Smith expected Jordan to be drafted high in the first round and called Chicago Bulls Rod Thorn, who held the third pick. Thorn told Smith the Bulls planned to select Jordan if he was still available, but the Houston Rockets and Portland Trail Blazers held the first and second choices. Smith discussed the draft situation with the Jordans at his office two weeks after the season in his office. Houston or Chicago would select Jordan second or third and offer him at least $2.5 million for five or more seasons. James advised Jordan to turn professional, but Deloris wanted him to remain at North Carolina and graduate with his class, which included his sister, Roslyn. Jordan was undecided about turning professional because he 45. 20 MICHAEL JORDAN loved the North Carolina basketball program, coaches, and friendships and wanted to win one more national championship. “An awful lot of people,” he realized, “didn’t feel it was the right thing for me to do.” 42 Fogler, Williams, Guthridge, and many alumni wanted Jordan to remain for his senior year. The Jordans agreed that night that Michael should turn professional and informed Smith the next morning. Deloris realized that entering the NBA draft would delay Jordan’s graduation by only one or two years. Smith assured the Jordans that they had decided wisely. (Indeed, Jordan did graduate with a bachelor’s degree in geography in 1985 and he claims he would have become a meteorologist if he had not pursued professional basketball.) At the press conference, Jordan announced his decision to enter the NBA draft and delay his senior year at North Carolina. Smith also guided Jordan through the agent process. Jordan chose Donald Dell and David Falk of Pro Serv to represent him in contract negotiations. Smith asked Dell to call Thorn to discuss contract terms if the Chicago Bulls drafted Jordan. Jordan remained passionate about North Carolina and coach Smith, who he considered “[m]y second father.” 43 “I wasn’t going to the NBA until he advised me to do it,” 44 he confided. Smith knew that Jordan would play guard in the NBA and made him play the point in pickup games that spring. He had taught Jordan great discipline to accompany his natural ability and how to behave both on and off the court. Jordan later wrote, “He was the perfect guy for me. He kept me humble, but he challenged me. He gave me confidence.” 45 Smith attributed Jordan’s North Carolina success to his athleticism and diligent work ethic. “Michael,” he reflected, “was extremely gifted athletically and is perhaps the most competitive person I know.” His incredible determination to improve in all facets of the game provided an excellent role model for others. Smith concluded, “Nobody I know works harder at his craft than Michael Jordan.” 46 Jordan had listened carefully to Smith’s instruction, applied what he was learning, and worked hard daily. NOTES 1. Walter LaFeber, Michael Jordan and the New Global Capitalism (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1999), p. 29. 2. Curry Kirkpatrick, “The Unlikeliest Homebody,” Sports Illustrated 75 (December 23, 1991), pp. 70–75. 3. Michael Jordan, ed. by Mark Vancil, Rare Air: Jordan on Jordan (San Francisco, CA: Collins Publishers, 1993), p. 87. 46. THE FORMATIVE YEARS 21 4. Ibid., P. 73. 5. Michael Jordan, ed. by Mark Vancil, Driven from Within (New York: Atria Books, 2005), pp. 17–18. 6. Ibid., p. 55. 7. LaFeber, New Global Capitalism, p. 30. 8. Sam Smith, The Jordan Rules: The Inside Story of a Turbulent Season with Michael Jordan and the Chicago Bulls (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992), p. 65. 9. United States Olympic Committee, “Michael Jordan,” http://www.usoc.org/26_604. htm 10. Ken Rappoport, Tales from the Tar Heel Locker Room (Champaign, IL: Sports Pub-lishing L.L.C., 2002), p. 128. 11. Ibid., p. 125. 12. Dean Smith with John Kilgo and Sally Jenkins, A Coach ’ s Life (New York: Random House, 1999), p. 182. 13. Art Chansky, The Dean ’ s List: A Celebration of Tar Heel Basketball and Dean Smith (New York: Warner Books, 1997), p. 105. 14. Smith, Coach’s Life, p. 184. 15. “Michael Jordan,” Current Biography Yearbook 1987 (New York: H. W. Wilson Company, 1987), p. 291. 16. David Halberstam, Playing for Keeps: Michael Jordan and the World He Made (New York: Random House, 1999), p. 66. 17. Halberstam, Playing, p. 71. 18. The Sporting News, March 26, 1984, p. 3. 19. Rappoport, Tales, pp. 120–122. 20. Chansky, Dean ’ s List, p. 105. 21. Halberstam, Playing, pp. 88–89. 22. Smith, Coach’s Life, p. 188. 23. Ibid., p. 195. 24. Chansky, Dean ’ s List, p. 111. 25. Rappoport, Tales, p. 134. 26. Smith, Coach's Life, p. 197. 27. LaFeber, New Global Capitalism, p. 31. 28. Rappoport, Tales, p. 121. 29. Roland Lazenby, Blood on the Horns: The Long Strange Ride of Michael Jordan ’ s Chi-cago Bulls (Lenexa, KS: Addax Publishing Group, 1998), p. 200. 30. Michael Jordan, ed. by Mark Vancil, For the Love of the Game: My Story (New York: Crown Publishers, 1998), p. 7. 31. Smith, Coach ’ s Life, pp. 197–198. 32. Ibid., p. 203. 33. Ibid., p. 203. 34. Rappoport, Tales, p. 121. 35. Mitchell Krugel, One Last Shot: The Story of Michael Jordan ’ s Comeback (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2003), p. 23. 36. The Sporting News, March 26, 1984. 37. New York Times, December 26, 1983, p. C1. 38. Smith, Coach ’ s Life, p. 206. 39. Chansky, Dean ’ s List, p. 119. 40. The Sporting News, March 26, 1984, p. 3. 47. 22 MICHAEL JORDAN 41. Chansky, Dean ’ s List, p. 119. 42. Ibid., p. 119. 43. Jordan, Driven from Within, p. 9. 44. Chansky, Dean ’ .s List, p. 119. 45. Jordan, Driven from Within, p. 29. 46. Smith, Coach ’ s Life, p. 216. 48. Chapter 2 THE BUILDING YEARS, 1984–1988 WELCOME TO THE NBA (1984–1985) The Chicago Bulls, who owned the second worst NBA record in 1983– 1984, desperately needed a superstar to move them out of the doldrums. The Bulls had not made the NBA playoffs since 1980–1981 and had won more games than it lost only twice in nine seasons. They selected third after the Houston Rockets and Portland Trail Blazers in the NBA draft on June 20 at the Conrad Hilton Hotel in New York City. Houston chose Hakeem Olajuwon, a 7-foot Nigerian center and University of Houston star, and Portland picked Sam Bowie, a 7-foot 1-inch University of Kentucky center. Olajuwon developed into an NBA star, winning two NBA titles. Chicago Bulls general manager Rod Thorn drafted Jordan. He preferred a center, but Olajuwon was not available. “Jordan isn’t going to turn this franchise around,” Thorn predicted. “I wouldn’t ask him to.” Chicago fans, who had assembled two floors below, enthusiastically shouted “ Jordan, Jordan” loud enough for Thorn to hear. Bulls assistant coach Mike Thibault observed, “He’s one of those players who comes along once a decade,” 1 and Chicago Tribune columnist Bernie Lincicome ventured that Jordan “maybe the greatest natural basketball talent, inch for inch, in this young decade.” 2 Jordan performed that August on the star-studded U.S. basketball team, which included Patrick Ewing of Georgetown University and Steve Alford of Indiana University, at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games. The American squad, coached by Bob Knight of Indiana, moved faster, 49. 24 MICHAEL JORDAN leaped higher, and drove stronger, routing opponents by 32 points per game and overwhelming Spain, 96–65, for the gold medal. “We can put any five we have out there and get the job done,” 3 Jordan insisted. Jordan, the flashiest Olympian, penetrated zone defenses for at least one dunk per game. He dunked three shots against Uruguay and sank a 28-foot jump shot at the first half buzzer against Spain. He finished that preliminary game with 24 points, the best for any American Olympian. After the gold medal game, Fernando Martin of Spain described Jordan, “Jump, jump, jump. Very quick. Very fast. Very very good.” 4 Knight remarked that Jordan possessed immense talent, exhibited natural leadership, played tenacious defense, and was very competitive and coachable. An ultimate perfectionist, however, Knight considered Jordan a subpar shooting guard and occasionally admonished him during games. When Jordan carelessly dribbled the ball out of bounds against West Germany, Knight bellowed, “Michael, get in the game!” 5 During the gold medal game against Spain, Knight yelled, “when are you going to start setting some screens—all you do is rebound and score!” Jordan smiled, “Coach, didn’t I read some place where you said I was the quick-est player you ever coached?” Knight responded affirmatively. “Coach, I set those screens faster than you could see them,” 6 Jordan answered. He became one of the most reliable perimeter players and contributed might-ily to the gold medal. He likened Knight to Dean Smith except that the former used four-letter words while the latter used the four-corner offense. George Raveling, assistant Olympic coach, lauded Jordan as “probably the best athlete playing college basketball.” 7 After receiving his gold medal, Jordan touchingly placed it around Deloris’s neck. The Olympics enhanced Jordan’s leverage in contract negotiations with the Bulls. Agents Donald Dell and David Falk of the ProServ Agency rep-resented him. He signed a seven-year, $6.3 million contract, larger than any NBA rookie except for Olajuwon and Ralph Sampson. At a Chicago press conference, he revealed, “I’m anxious to meet the team and start fitting in with them.” 8 Dell also lined up prospective advertisers, giving assurance that Jordan had “a charisma that transcends his sport” and that he belonged “in a category with Arnold Palmer or Arthur Ashe.” 9 Michael, articulate, well mannered, and hardworking, was a mass-market icon who appealed to all demographic groups, transcending age and race barriers. Falk obtained a commercial endorsement with struggling Nike athletic shoes. He believed that the popular Jordan could increase Nike shoe sales and profit hand-somely from those sales. Jordan signed a seven-year contract with Nike, which designed the signature Air Jordan shoe. Nike guaranteed him $18 50. THE BUILDING YEARS 25 million and a royalty on every Air Jordan shoe sold. The Air Jordans sold very well in the United States, Europe, and Asia. The hype and demand for the Air Jordans even sparked “shoe-jackings,” where young boys were robbed of their sneakers at gunpoint. The innovation of designer Tinker Hatfield spurred the basketball shoe industry to new heights. The Air 180 Shoe, introduced in 1991, likewise featured Jordan and was advertised worldwide. Jordan admitted, “I never knew it could be nation-based—or, if you want, world-based.” 10 He also endorsed McDonald’s fast-food chain, Wilson Sporting Goods basketballs, Coca-Cola, Chevrolet automobiles, Johnson Products, Excelsior International, and Guy LaRoche watches. Jordan, who possessed an effervescent smile, owned a townhouse in Northbrook, a Chicago suburb. Before being married, he handled his personal shopping and housecleaning. Jordan spent free time watching videotapes of games, following stock car racing, bowling, playing pool, and listening to music. He often sought the counsel of coach Smith on basketball and other matters and enjoyed little social life, considering “the game (his) wife.” 11 He traveled to home games in his silver Corvette, often chatting with maintenance and food-concession workers and sign-ing autographs. Jordan began practicing with the Bulls in September 1984, dominating the camp with his work ethic. He played primarily for the love of the game rather than financial remuneration, always arriving first at practice and leaving last. Jordan never relaxed in practice because he was the highest paid Bull and wanted teammates to understand he was worth it. He felt pressure “to prove I deserved to play on that level.” 12 He worked diligently to improve his jump shot and was virtually unstoppable in one-on-one drills. After watching Jordan make a resounding dunk, coach Kevin Lough-ery told general manager Thorn,“I think we’ve hit the jackpot.” 13 Jordan exhibited exceptional athletic ability and boundless energy, using superior speed, jumping ability, strength, and huge hands to create his shot. Loughery dismissed practice early once because Jordan was exhausting his teammates. He also devised a strategy in practice to hone Jordan’s skills as a clutch player. At practice, Loughery pitted the five best players against the next five best in a simulated game. Jordan’s team usually built an 8–1 or 9–2 lead, with 11 baskets needed to win. Loughery then switched Jordan to the losing team. Jordan, who usually got that team back in the scrimmage game, built his confidence the most during those workouts. Jordan initially found the transition to the NBA somewhat difficult. The North Carolina basketball program had been first rate, well designed, and brilliantly organized with outstanding coaches. The Tar Heels recruited
wrong_mix_domain_birth_00112	FactBench	2	17	https://bluejayhunter.com/2020/05/michael-jordan-obscure-blue-jays-connections.html	en	Michael Jordan's obscure and subtle Blue Jays connections	http://bluejayhunter.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Michael-Jordan-Jays.jpg	http://bluejayhunter.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Michael-Jordan-Jays.jpg	[ "https://i0.wp.com/bluejayhunter.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Michael-Jordan-Jays.jpg?resize=800%2C445", "http://2.gravatar.com/avatar/25064e65e8273af8640eec869eb8ad8f?s=100&d=blank&r=g", "https://i0.wp.com/bluejayhunter.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Adobe-Spark-1.jpg?resize=390%2C205", "https://i0.wp.com/bluejayhunter.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Biagini.jpg?resize=390%2C205", "https://i0.wp.com/bluejayhunter.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/Donaldson-2.jpg?resize=390%2C205", "https://c.statcounter.com/3935569/0/ec45683d/0/" ]	[ "https://www.youtube.com/embed/ZmnBxvbJP7Q?version=3&rel=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=en-US&autohide=2&wmode=transparent", "https://www.youtube.com/embed/foLDJALnJ_U?version=3&rel=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=en-US&autohide=2&start=8716&wmode=transparent", "https://www.youtube.com/embed/p6ysmHLFsw0?version=3&rel=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=en-US&autohide=2&wmode=transparent" ]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Ian Hunter", "www.facebook.com" ]	2020-05-18T12:58:49+00:00	Looking back at Michael Jordan's subtle, albeit very obscure connections to the Toronto Blue Jays organization.	en	https://i0.wp.com/blueja….jpg?fit=32%2C32	Blue Jay Hunter	https://bluejayhunter.com/2020/05/michael-jordan-obscure-blue-jays-connections.html	At first glance, the greatest basketball player of all-time and the Toronto Blue Jays have very little in common. But look deep enough and you’ll find some loose connections linking Michael Jordan to the Blue Jays. ESPN’s “The Last Dance” brought these connections to light during its ten episode run. The series is a must-watch for any sports fan, but if you watch closely, there are some subtle, obscure links to the Blue Jays. Aside from the Canadian tuxedo in the photo above, here are three vague connections between Jordan and the Toronto Blue Jays. News of Jordan’s retirement leaks during Game 1 of the 1993 ALCS This was pre-social media, so when major news broke, it often happened when people opened their morning newspaper. This was one case when a massive news story broke mid-game during the broadcast of a major sporting event. After Jordan threw out the ceremonial first pitch before Game 1 of the Blue Jays-White Sox ALCS series in Chicago on October 5, 1993, word leaked about MJ retiring from basketball. Word travelled so fast that Jordan exited Comiskey Park during the seventh inning. In the words of Chicago Bulls owner Jerry Reinsdorf from The Last Dance: “All hell broke out at the ballpark on a Tuesday night.” The next day, Jordan announced his retirement from the NBA (for the first time). Meanwhile, White Sox ace Jack McDowell was lit up by the Blue Jays for 7 runs and 13 hits in the first postseason start of his career. The White Sox were playing their first home playoff baseball game in almost ten years, and as the news of Jordan’s retirement preoccupied Chicago residents, White Sox manager Gene Lamont didn’t use that as an excuse. “Michael didn’t want to rain on our parade, he felt badly about it. Jordan is not the reason we left 13 runners on base. We were overshadowed by the Blue Jays, not Michael Jordan.” (From Neil Campbell of The Globe and Mail) MJ replaces future Lansing Lugnuts coach Charles Poe This one is an obscure Blue Jays connection, but it’s a fascinating one. Hat tip to @hillmanchad for pointing this out, but once Jordan joined the Birmingham Barons in 1994 (the Chicago White Sox AA affiliate), the move bounced Charles Poe from the Barons roster, sending him down to single-A. With two outfielders vying for the same job in right field, Jordan presumably took Poe’s spot on the Barons double-A roster. “It was my turn to go,” Poe told the Washington Post in August 1994. “They told me I shouldn’t have any problem making the team if I played well in spring training, which I did.” Poe re-emerged with the Barons in 1995 and was a Southern League All-Star. He made it all the way to triple-A with the Oakland A’s organization the following season, but Poe never saw the bright lights of the big leagues. Once his pro career concluded at the end of the 2002 campaign, the former White Sox farmhand transitioned to coaching in 2003. To tie it back to the Blue Jays, Poe was the hitting coach for the Lansing Lugnuts from 2005 to 2007, with Lansing being the Blue Jays Single-A affiliate in Michigan. Interestingly enough, his journey came full circle in 2019 when he returned as a member of the coaching staff for the Birmingham Barons. Jordan’s connections with Blue Jays draftee Scott Burrell Scott Burrell became the second Blue Jays draftee to abandon baseball for the bright lights of the NBA (Danny Ainge was the first in 1981). Burrell has the distinction of being the first American athlete drafted in the first round by two professional sports leagues; as a draftee of both the Blue Jays and the Charlotte Hornets. The Hornets drafted Burrell 20th overall in the 1993 NBA draft and he found his way to the 1997-1998 Bulls and played alongside Jordan during his final season with the Bulls. Burrell drew the ire of Jordan during Episode 7 of The Last Dance as MJ employed his “tough love” strategy on his teammates. Burrell took the brunt of Jordan’s jabs. As Steve Kerr said: “Michael would just bludgeon everybody around him.” Huck Flener was the first Blue Jay to face MJ Nothing could have prepared baseball players for the media circus that accompanied Jordan on his journey through spring training in 1994. Nobody wanted to be “that guy” who gave up a hit to the NBA legend-suddenly turned baseball player. Toronto Blue Jays players got their first taste of Jordan in a White Sox uniform during a spring training contest in mid-March 1994. Huck Flener struck out Jordan on three straight pitches, but Aaron Small wasn’t as fortunate, surrendering a single to Jordan. After the game, Small was in good spirits after letting the then three-time NBA champion reach base. Here’s what Small told Allan Ryan of the Toronto Star: “I guess it’s something I can tell my kids one day. For sure I am going to hear it from my friends back home. Maybe I should have stopped and had him sign it, but honestly, I never thought about it being Jordan until he got around to third. I was looking right at him and thought: ‘Geez, that’s Michael Jordan.'”
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wrong_mix_domain_birth_00112	FactBench	0	75	https://patch.com/new-jersey/newarknj/newarks-michael-jordan-wins-naacp-awards-creed-performance	en	Newark's Michael Jordan Wins NAACP Awards For 'Creed' Performance	https://patch.com/img/cd…atch-800x600.png	https://patch.com/img/cd…atch-800x600.png	[ "https://cdn.patchcdn.com/assets/layout/icons/logo/logo.svg", "https://patch.com/img/cdn20/users/22844250/profile_pics/patch-logo-greensquare___14115415796.jpg?width=64", "https://patch.com/img/cdn/assets/layout/badges/verified-patch-staff.svg", "https://patch.com/img/cdn20/shutterstock/22844250/20240723/052347/styles/patch_image/public/shutterstock-84965533___23171858586.jpg", "https://patch.com/img/cdn20/shutterstock/22844250/20240723/024650/styles/patch_image/public/shutterstock-549469870___23144641943.jpg", "https://patch.com/img/cdn20/users/22844250/20240723/010557/styles/patch_image/public/52225557344-389042aec9-k___23130235042.jpg", "https://patch.com/img/cdn20/users/24675726/20240721/113514/full-blue___21233513127.jpg", "https://patch.com/img/cdn20/users/24556989/20240714/085404/wiffa-2024-flyer-5x7-72-copy___14205403751.jpg", "https://patch.com/img/cdn/assets/layout/footer_patch_logo.png", "https://patch.com/img/cdn/assets/layout/apple_appstore.png", "https://patch.com/img/cdn/assets/layout/google_play.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Eric Kiefer" ]	2016-02-18T14:01:57+00:00	Newark's Michael Jordan Wins NAACP Awards For 'Creed' Performance - Newark, NJ - Newark native and acclaimed actor Michael B. Jordan is making his hometown proud.	en	https://cdn.patchcdn.com/assets/layout/icons/logo/favicon.ico	Newark, NJ Patch	https://patch.com/new-jersey/newarknj/newarks-michael-jordan-wins-naacp-awards-creed-performance	The star of the hit boxing film “Creed” was honored as entertainer of the year and outstanding actor in the NAACP’s annual Image Awards, which honor outstanding people of color in film, television, music and literature. “I used to sneak into the Image Awards, and now I’m standing here as the entertainer of the year, which is mind-blowing,” Jordan said at the Feb. 5 ceremony.
wrong_mix_domain_birth_00112	FactBench	2	83	https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/best-michael-jordan-documentary-movies/	en	6 Best Michael Jordan Documentary Movies	https://www.highsnobiety…ntaries-feat.jpg	https://www.highsnobiety…ntaries-feat.jpg	[ "https://www.highsnobiety.com/static-assets/dato/1645785789-best-michael-jordan-documentaries-main.jpg", "https://www.highsnobiety.com/static-assets/dato/1645479901-photo-me.jpg", "https://www.highsnobiety.com/static-assets/dato/1673446856-148.jpg", "https://www.highsnobiety.com/static-assets/dato/1716917409-230528_ed_sel_best_sneakers_to_add_to-your_rotation_template_main.jpg", "https://www.highsnobiety.com/static-assets/dato/1715173905-hustle_unit_040_00766_r-jpg-hustle_unit_040_00766_r.jpg", "https://www.highsnobiety.com/static-assets/dato/1663770897-6-10-06-15.jpg", "https://www.highsnobiety.com/static-assets/dato/1710096392-jordan-2-3-sneakers-2024-0.jpg", "https://www.highsnobiety.com/static-assets/dato/1721400775-birkenstock-paris-store-0.jpg", "https://www.highsnobiety.com/static-assets/dato/1721747098-burberry-lennon-gallagher-interview-1.jpg", "https://www.highsnobiety.com/static-assets/dato/1721745087-240723_ed_sel_best_sneakers_to_add_to-your_rotation_template_main.jpg", "https://www.highsnobiety.com/static-assets/dato/1721741235-mschf-flip-flopped-slide-heels-1.jpg", "https://www.highsnobiety.com/static-assets/dato/1721747672-kith-marvel-asics.jpg", "https://www.highsnobiety.com/static-assets/dato/1721747537-ed_feat_rice_perfumes_3b2.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "HS Contributor" ]	2020-05-18T19:31:37+00:00	Michael Jordan’s life and career as the greatest basketball player of all time are captures in these documentaries. Here's where to watch them.	en	//www.highsnobiety.com/static-assets/assets/icons/ios/57.png	Highsnobiety	https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/best-michael-jordan-documentary-movies/	As the greatest basketball player of all time, Michael Jordan’s life and career has been well documented since the outset. With documentaries about him released before he’d even won an NBA championship, there’s a lot to navigate through. From his early college years and promising start in the NBA, his first three-peat and subsequent retirement, followed by a stint playing professional baseball and his comeback to the NBA, before landing a second three-peat with the Chicago Bulls, nobody’s ever had a career quite like Mike. Spanning 30 years, these Michael Jordan documentaries range in style and content, with some aging better than others. And since we’re sticking to docs we haven’t included Space Jam, although the film does bear similarities to Jordan’s real life. Check out these six Michael Jordan documentaries. Michael Jordan: Come Fly With Me (1989) The first documentary made about His Airness, Michael Jordan: Come Fly With Me shows us Jordan before any of his six NBA championships. Released in 1989, this somewhat cheesy production traces Jordan’s early career – from his initial baseball aspirations as a child to being dropped from his high school basketball team, as well as playing for North Carolina in college and his early years with the Chicago Bulls. It even features footage of Jordan’s golf game, which certainly looks strong by all accounts. Narrated in a classically ‘80s television voiceover, Come Fly With Me might seem like an impersonal foray into Jordan’s career, but interview segments with Michael as well as members of his family provide an intimate look into his life as a rising NBA star. Michael Jordan’s Playground (1990) Released one year after Come Fly With Me, Michael Jordan’s Playground appears quite similar at the outset (thanks to the same production company), however the film’s thorough breakdown of Jordan as a player makes it necessary viewing for any fan. Jordan himself as well as fellow NBA players and sports commentators discuss everything from MJ’s offense game, excellence at clutch plays, his growth as a team player, pre-game ritual, and player and team match-ups that he finds most challenging. Interwoven is a kind of sweet narrative plot line where Jordan mentors a young kid who’s been cut from the high school team – just like Mike. Come for the technical sports analysis, stay for the killer soundtrack and a strange yet satisfying music video which showcases Jordan’s dance moves. Michael Jordan: Above & Beyond (1996) Above & Beyond covers Jordan’s life in the pivotal years when he won his third consecutive NBA championship, his father’s untimely murder and his subsequent decision to retire from basketball, the move into playing professional baseball, and finally his comeback to the NBA. The film tackles some heavy subjects, but what stands out is Michael Jordan’s honest and moving commentary discussing everything from how he’s grown as a player and person in the wake of his father’s death, as well as his own take on why he left and came back. You’ll recognize the format from the other Hardwood Classics Jordan docs (NB: there are a lot), but the level of access and collaboration with Jordan and other players is second to none. MJ confirms he’s a natural on camera here, making the move to acting in Space Jam all the more understandable. ESPN’s 30 for 30: Jordan Rides the Bus attempts to cover Jordan’s baseball career and this period as well, however without any original footage of Jordan speaking on the matter, it lacks the gravitas that Above & Beyond delivers, regardless of its sometimes tired narrated sports doc format. Michael Jordan to the Max (2000) Narrated by Laurence Fishburne, Michael Jordan to the Max was an IMAX documentary released at the turn of the century. It’s probably the most well-rounded documentary made about the G.O.A.T. so far, focusing on much of his career especially the Bulls’ 1998 championship — Jordan’s sixth and final one. By this point Jordan had experienced so much, both personally and professionally, and this documentary does justice to his maturation as a player and person in general. Slick production, great commentary from Jordan and his peers, and a satisfying look at the entire scope of MJ’s career—from high school to retirement and baseball, through to his comeback and subsequent championships—if you’re going to watch one Jordan documentary then make it this one. Unbanned: The Legend of AJ1 (2018) While not strictly related to Michael Jordan as a player, Unbanned: The Legend of AJ1 gives us an in-depth look at his signature sneakers—the Air Jordan 1—and the surrounding controversy and legacy they’ve created. As any basketball fan or sneaker head knows, these are no ordinary shoes; they’ve inspired a culture all of their own. And when considered in tandem with the greatest basketball player of all time, there’s a lot of history to unpack here. Spike Lee, who’s contributed greatly to the AJ1 legacy thanks to key film cameos and a series of iconic ads for Air Jordan in the ‘80s, features in the documentary. Other notable commenters include designer Dapper Dan, Ronnie Fieg, Tinker Hatfield, Mark Wahlberg, DJ Khaled, Carmelo Anthony, and the list goes on. Watch on Hulu. The Last Dance (2020) The Last Dance takes a look at Michael Jordan's legendary career, more specifically his last season with the Chicago Bulls in 1997 and 1998. The film includes exclusive footage courtesy of an all-access pass to the Bulls, in addition to interviews with those closest to Jordan, such as Scottie Pippen, Dennis Rodman, and Phil Jackson. The 10-episode series originally aired on ESPN in the United States, as Netflix then streamed the installments internationally the following day. It is also slated to come to Netflix in the US.
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Laney High School", "School: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill", "Group: Basketball Players", "Birth Month/Day: February 17", "Life Events/Experience: Sports Hall of Fame", "Birth City: Brooklyn", "Birth Month: 2", "Birth Year: 1963", "Life Events/Experience: Clothing/Jewelry Line", "Life Events/Experience: Fragrance", "Birth State: New York", "First Name: Michael", "Astrological Sign: Aquarius", "Life Events/Experience: Made Large Donations", "Life Events/Experience: Founded Charities", "Life Events/Experience: Olympic Medal", "Group: Black History Month", "Birth Country: United States" ]	null	[]	2018-12-27T21:14:56	A career as a professional basketball player wasn't always Jordan's destiny, though a few key factors propelled him to become the "greatest basketball player of all time."	en	/_assets/design-tokens/biography/static/images/favicon.3635572.ico	Biography	https://www.biography.com/athletes/michael-jordan-life-before-nba-early-career	Born in Brooklyn, New York, Michael Jordan spent his early years in a rollicking house in rural North Carolina, surrounded by generations of family that stretched back to his great-grandfather. Jordan's stable home life remained consistent even after his immediate family moved to the city of Wilmington in the late 1960s, with parents James and Deloris establishing high academic standards and firm ground rules to keep their five children out of trouble. It was James, a maintenance worker turned supervisor at General Electric, who introduced Jordan to his first athletic love, baseball and built a basketball court in the backyard (and also reportedly inspired Jordan's notorious tongue wag with his own facial contortions). However, companions recall Deloris, a bank teller, as the more forceful presence of his parents. Her strong will would later be reflected in her son's renowned drive to succeed. His rivalry with his brother fueled Jordan's desire to be the better player If the backyard court provided the canvas for Jordan to develop his basketball genius, then it was the presence of its other regular occupant that unleashed the beast of his competitive spirit. Larry Jordan was a year older, and while Michael was already taller, Larry was stronger, equally athletic and not inclined to lose to his younger brother. The two went full steam at each other on the court every day until bedtime, with Deloris stepping in to calm the boys when things grew too heated. A determined Jordan eventually figured out how to win on a regular basis and his continuing growth widened the gap between them, but it wasn't clear who the superior athlete was before he reached that point. Noted their high school basketball coach, Pop Herring, "Larry was so driven and so competitive an athlete that if he had been 6'2" instead of 5'7", I'm sure Michael would have been known as Larry's brother instead of Larry always being known as Michael's brother." Michael Jordan and his older brother Larry in 2007 Jordan didn't initially make his high school varsity basketball team Jordan has often rehashed the popular legend that he was cut from the Laney High School varsity basketball team as a sophomore, inspiring him to work harder and get better, but that's not exactly how things went down. All basketball hopefuls tried out for coach Herring in the fall of 1978, and Jordan, along with the rest of the promising underclassmen, were assigned to the junior varsity team, with the lone exception of his friend, classmate and rival, Leroy Smith. It's difficult to argue with the reasoning: The team was returning 14 of 15 players from the previous year, and most – like the then-5'9" Jordan – played one of the smaller guard positions. With the Buccaneers in need of a tree to block shots and rebound, it made perfect sense to select the 6'7" Smith for the final roster spot. Along with providing a jolt of motivation, the decision helped Jordan develop into a floor leader with regular playing time, and the Laney JV games soon became the hot ticket in town. Furthermore, Coach Herring showed he had Jordan's best interests at heart by personally running him through drills every day as a junior. The hard work – and a fortuitous growth spurt – turning the gangly teenager into the Laney varsity alpha dog. He was a standout at basketball camp If there was a time when the legend of Michael Jordan took root, when teammates and onlookers began to grasp that they were witnessing a talent for the ages, it was during the summer of 1980. Invited to the annual camp run by the University of North Carolina head basketball coach Dean Smith, a showcase for the state's top players, the Wilmington boy quickly distinguished himself from the pack. UNC assistant coach Roy Williams was stunned by Jordan's combination of athleticism, quickness, intensity, and instincts. After a day of practice, he told fellow assistant Eddie Fogler, "I think I've just seen the best 6'4" high school player I've ever seen." Williams then made the rookie mistake of arranging for Jordan to attend the Five-Star Camp outside of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Although this one featured blue-chip basketball prospects from around the country, as opposed to the smaller pool in North Carolina, the 17-year-old Jordan again treated the competition like a punching bag, transforming him into a must-have college recruit. Fortunately for the Carolina brass, James and Deloris Jordan had taken to Williams and the paternal Dean Smith, influencing their son's decision to commit to UNC. READ MORE: How Michael Jordan, Magic Johnson and Larry Bird Led the Dream Team to Olympic Gold Jordan did not receive special treatment at UNC, which kept him humble After a senior season in which Laney narrowly missed out on a division title and its best player averaged a triple-double, Jordan continued to soar with a record 30 points in the McDonald's All-American Game. However, he soon experienced a welcome return to earth with his immersion in Dean Smith's program at UNC. The even-keeled Smith forged team unity by treating his stars and benchwarmers equally, and Jordan was happy to let his effort do the talking in the highly regimented practices. "[Smith] was the perfect guy for me," Jordan later said. "He kept me humble, but he challenged me." As it turned out, they were perfect for each other: When Jordan coolly sank a go-ahead jump shot with 15 seconds left in the 1982 NCAA title game against Georgetown University, he gave Coach Smith his first NCAA championship. And with that first major, televised triumph, Jordan was officially on the map as a young American sports star, ready for the next steps in a career that would carry him to unprecedented heights of success and fame.
wrong_mix_domain_birth_00112	FactBench	3	77	https://www.themoviedb.org/person/23678-michael-jordan%3Flanguage%3Den-US	en	Michael Jordan	https://media.themoviedb…RhCcp3qYsUc5.jpg	https://media.themoviedb…RhCcp3qYsUc5.jpg	[ "https://www.themoviedb.org/assets/2/v4/logos/v2/blue_short-8e7b30f73a4020692ccca9c88bafe5dcb6f8a62a4c6bc55cd9ba82bb2cd95f6c.svg", "https://media.themoviedb.org/t/p/w300_and_h450_bestv2/tCqjwlROe98wYbcRhCcp3qYsUc5.jpg", "https://media.themoviedb.org/t/p/w150_and_h225_bestv2/vr20OXuY27HdABdNFGfSzeHHtA1.jpg", "https://media.themoviedb.org/t/p/w150_and_h225_bestv2/oVf4xGGbDtwVHiKn8uTuSriY7PH.jpg", "https://media.themoviedb.org/t/p/w150_and_h225_bestv2/bpbqt2QKFQ5PjGJI1jH3SXN6UMU.jpg", "https://media.themoviedb.org/t/p/w150_and_h225_bestv2/jzJGIgz1ZsFsisNqTPXtxtBUS5K.jpg", "https://media.themoviedb.org/t/p/w150_and_h225_bestv2/z20ChkIl7zq7yOAIIJkDuUBV3x0.jpg", "https://media.themoviedb.org/t/p/w150_and_h225_bestv2/gK8NdoJKe4dckOXkTkaIjzEE5yO.jpg", "https://media.themoviedb.org/t/p/w150_and_h225_bestv2/1D8CPm7m5ZETY5IHF527yZCJ4D2.jpg", "https://media.themoviedb.org/t/p/w150_and_h225_bestv2/dB1sEigisI2C9tlUb1tSD9b8R8Y.jpg", "https://www.themoviedb.org/assets/2/v4/logos/v2/blue_square_2-d537fb228cf3ded904ef09b136fe3fec72548ebc1fea3fbbd1ad9e36364db38b.svg" ]	[]	[]	[ "Movies", "TV Shows", "Streaming", "Reviews", "API", "Actors", "Actresses", "Photos", "User Ratings", "Synopsis", "Trailers", "Teasers", "Credits", "Cast" ]	null	[]	null	Michael Jeffrey Jordan (born February 17, 1963) is a former American professional basketball player, active businessman, and majority owner of the Charlotte Hornets. His biography on the National Basketball Association (NBA) website states, "By acclamation, Michael Jordan is the greatest basketball player of all time." Jordan was one of the most effectively marketed athletes of his generation and was instrumental in popularizing the NBA around the world in the 1980s and 1990s. After a standout career at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where he was a member of the Tar Heels' National Championship team in 1982, Jordan joined the NBA's Chicago Bulls in 1984. He quickly emerged as a league star, entertaining crowds with his prolific scoring. His leaping ability, illustrated by performing slam dunks from the free throw line in slam dunk contests, earned him the nicknames "Air Jordan" and "His Airness". He also gained a reputation for being one of the best defensive players in basketball. In 1991, he won his first NBA championship with the Bulls, and followed that achievement with titles in 1992 and 1993, securing a "three-peat". Although Jordan abruptly retired from basketball at the beginning of the 1993–94 NBA season to pursue a career in baseball, he rejoined the Bulls in 1995 and led them to three additional championships (1996, 1997, and 1998) as well as an NBA-record, at the time, 72 regular-season wins in the 1995–96 NBA season. Jordan retired for a second time in 1999, but returned for two more NBA seasons from 2001 to 2003 as a member of the Washington Wizards. Jordan's individual accolades and accomplishments include five MVP awards, ten All-NBA First Team designations, nine All-Defensive First Team honors, fourteen NBA All-Star Game appearances, three All-Star Game MVP awards, ten scoring titles, three steals titles, six NBA Finals MVP awards, and the 1988 NBA Defensive Player of the Year Award. He holds the NBA records for highest career playoff scoring average (33.45 points per game). In 1999, he was named the greatest North American athlete of the 20th century by ESPN, and was second to Babe Ruth on the Associated Press's list of athletes of the century. He was elected to the Basketball Hall of Fame on April 6, 2009 and was inducted on September 11, 2009. Jordan is also noted for his product endorsements. He fueled the success of Nike's Air Jordan sneakers, which were introduced in 1985 and remain popular today. Jordan also starred in the 1996 feature film Space Jam as himself. He is the majority owner and head of basketball operations for the NBA's Charlotte Hornets; he recently won a bidding war to buy controlling interest in the team from founding owner Robert L. Johnson. Description above from the Wikipedia article Michael Jordan, licensed under CC-BY-SA, full list of contributors on Wikipedia.	de	/assets/2/apple-touch-icon-57ed4b3b0450fd5e9a0c20f34e814b82adaa1085c79bdde2f00ca8787b63d2c4.png	The Movie Database	https://www.themoviedb.org/person/23678-michael-jordan	Michael Jeffrey Jordan (born February 17, 1963) is a former American professional basketball player, active businessman, and majority owner of the Charlotte Hornets. His biography on the National Basketball Association (NBA) website states, "By acclamation, Michael Jordan is the greatest basketball player of all time." Jordan was one of the most effectively marketed athletes of his generation and was instrumental in popularizing the NBA around the world in the 1980s and 1990s. After a standout career at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where he was a member of the Tar Heels' National Championship team in 1982, Jordan joined the NBA's Chicago Bulls in 1984. He quickly emerged as a league star, entertaining crowds with his prolific scoring. His leaping ability, illustrated by performing slam dunks from the free throw line in slam dunk contests, earned him the nicknames "Air Jordan" and "His Airness". He also gained a reputation for being one of the best defensive players in basketball. In 1991, he won his first NBA championship with the Bulls, and followed that achievement with titles in 1992 and 1993, securing a "three-peat". Although Jordan abruptly retired from basketball at the beginning of the 1993–94 NBA season to pursue a career in baseball, he rejoined the Bulls in 1995 and led them to three additional championships (1996, 1997, and 1998) as well as an NBA-record, at the time, 72 regular-season wins in the 1995–96 NBA season. Jordan retired for a second time in 1999, but returned for two more NBA seasons from 2001 to 2003 as a member of the Washington Wizards. Jordan's individual accolades and accomplishments include five MVP awards, ten All-NBA First Team designations, nine All-Defensive First Team honors, fourteen NBA All-Star Game appearances, three All-Star Game MVP awards, ten scoring titles, three steals titles, six NBA Finals MVP awards, and the 1988 NBA Defensive Player of the Year Award. He holds the NBA records for highest career playoff scoring average (33.45 points per game). In 1999, he was named the greatest North American athlete of the 20th century by ESPN, and was second to Babe Ruth on the Associated Press's list of athletes of the century. He was elected to the Basketball Hall of Fame on April 6, 2009 and was inducted on September 11, 2009. Jordan is also noted for his product endorsements. He fueled the success of Nike's Air Jordan sneakers, which were introduced in 1985 and remain popular today. Jordan also starred in the 1996 feature film Space Jam as himself. He is the majority owner and head of basketball operations for the NBA's Charlotte Hornets; he recently won a bidding war to buy controlling interest in the team from founding owner Robert L. Johnson. Description above from the Wikipedia article Michael Jordan, licensed under CC-BY-SA, full list of contributors on Wikipedia. Michael Jeffrey Jordan (born February 17, 1963) is a former American professional basketball player, active businessman, and majority owner of the Charlotte Hornets. His biography on the National Basketball Association (NBA) website states, "By acclamation, Michael Jordan is the greatest basketball player of all time." Jordan was one of the most effectively marketed athletes of his generation and was instrumental in popularizing the NBA around the world in the 1980s and 1990s. After a standout career at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where he was a member of the Tar Heels' National Championship team in 1982, Jordan joined the NBA's Chicago Bulls in 1984. He quickly emerged as a league star, entertaining crowds with his prolific scoring. His leaping ability, illustrated by performing slam dunks from the free throw line in slam dunk contests, earned him the nicknames "Air Jordan" and "His Airness". He also gained a reputation for being one of the best defensive players in basketball. In 1991, he won his first NBA championship with the Bulls, and followed that achievement with titles in 1992 and 1993, securing a "three-peat". Although Jordan abruptly retired from basketball at the beginning of the 1993–94 NBA season to pursue a career in baseball, he rejoined the Bulls in 1995 and led them to three additional championships (1996, 1997, and 1998) as well as an NBA-record, at the time, 72 regular-season wins in the 1995–96 NBA season. Jordan retired for a second time in 1999, but returned for two more NBA seasons from 2001 to 2003 as a member of the Washington Wizards. Jordan's individual accolades and accomplishments include five MVP awards, ten All-NBA First Team designations, nine All-Defensive First Team honors, fourteen NBA All-Star Game appearances, three All-Star Game MVP awards, ten scoring titles, three steals titles, six NBA Finals MVP awards, and the 1988 NBA Defensive Player of the Year Award. He holds the NBA records for highest career playoff scoring average (33.45 points per game). In 1999, he was named the greatest North American athlete of the 20th century by ESPN, and was second to Babe Ruth on the Associated Press's list of athletes of the century. He was elected to the Basketball Hall of Fame on April 6, 2009 and was inducted on September 11, 2009. Jordan is also noted for his product endorsements. He fueled the success of Nike's Air Jordan sneakers, which were introduced in 1985 and remain popular today. Jordan also starred in the 1996 feature film Space Jam as himself. He is the majority owner and head of basketball operations for the NBA's Charlotte Hornets; he recently won a bidding war to buy controlling interest in the team from founding owner Robert L. Johnson. Description above from the Wikipedia article Michael Jordan, licensed under CC-BY-SA, full list of contributors on Wikipedia.
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American basketball player Michael Jordan led the Chicago Bulls to six National Basketball Association (NBA) championships (1991–93, 1996–98). He was named the NBA’s Most Valuable Player (MVP) five times (1988, 1991, 1992, 1996, 1998) and was also named Defensive Player of the Year in 1988. How many times was Michael Jordan in the Olympics? Michael Jordan led the U.S. basketball team to Olympic gold medals in 1984 in Los Angeles and in 1992 in Barcelona, Spain. How tall is Michael Jordan? During his playing career, Michael Jordan stood at 6 feet 6 inches (1.98 meters) tall. Does Michael Jordan own a basketball team? In 2006, Michael Jordan became minority owner and general manager of the American basketball team the Charlotte Bobcats (now known as the Charlotte Hornets). What was Michael Jordan's nickname? During his playing career, Michael Jordan, a guard, was an exceptionally talented shooter and passer and a tenacious defender. He earned the nickname “Air Jordan” because of his extraordinary leaping ability and acrobatic maneuvers, and his popularity reached heights few athletes have known. Michael Jordan (born February 17, 1963, Brooklyn, New York, U.S.) is a former collegiate and professional basketball player widely considered to be one of the greatest all-around players in the history of the game. Jordan’s unmatched athleticism and competitive drive revolutionized the sport while winning six NBA championships with the Chicago Bulls (1991–93, 1996–98). (Read James Naismith’s 1929 Britannica essay on his invention of basketball.) Education and Olympics Britannica Quiz Great Moments in Sports Quiz Jordan grew up in Wilmington, North Carolina, and entered the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1981. As a freshman, he made the winning basket against Georgetown in the 1982 national championship game. Jordan was named College Player of the Year in both his sophomore and junior years, leaving North Carolina after his junior year. He led the U.S. basketball team to Olympic gold medals in 1984 in Los Angeles and in 1992 in Barcelona, Spain. The players who competed in the latter Games became known as the Dream Team. NBA: Chicago Bulls In 1984 Jordan, a guard standing 6 feet 6 inches (1.98 meters), was drafted by the Chicago Bulls. He quickly became known as an exceptionally talented shooter and passer and a tenacious defender. In his first season (1984–85), he led the league in scoring and was named Rookie of the Year; after missing most of the following season with a broken foot, he returned to lead the NBA in scoring for seven consecutive seasons, averaging about 33 points per game. He was only the second player (after Wilt Chamberlain) to score 3,000 points in a single season (1986–87). Jordan was named the NBA’s Most Valuable Player (MVP) five times (1988, 1991, 1992, 1996, 1998) and was also named Defensive Player of the Year in 1988. In October 1993, after leading the Bulls to their third consecutive championship, Jordan retired briefly and pursued a career in professional baseball. He returned to basketball in March 1995. In the 1995–96 season Jordan led the Bulls to a 72–10 regular season record, the best in the history of the NBA (broken in 2015–16 by the Golden State Warriors). From 1996 to 1998 the Jordan-led Bulls again won three championships in a row, and each time Jordan was named MVP of the NBA finals. After the 1997–98 season Jordan retired again. Career stats Points per game: 30.1 Total points: 32,292 Steals per game: 2.3 Total steals: 2,514 Total games: 1,072 During this time Jordan earned the nickname “Air Jordan” because of his extraordinary leaping ability and acrobatic maneuvers, and his popularity reached heights few athletes (or celebrities of any sort) have known. He accumulated millions of dollars from endorsements, most notably for his Nike Air Jordan basketball shoes. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Subscribe Now (Read about Jordan’s role in the rise of sneaker culture.) The Wizards and Charlotte Bobcats (Hornets) Jordan remained close to the sport, buying a share of the Washington Wizards in January 2000. He was also appointed president of basketball operations for the club. However, managing rosters and salary caps was not enough for Jordan, and in September 2001 he renounced his ownership and management positions with the Wizards in order to be a player on the team. His second return to the NBA was greeted with enthusiasm by the league, which had suffered declining attendance and television ratings since his 1998 retirement. After the 2002–03 season, Jordan announced his final retirement. He ended his career with 32,292 total points and a 30.1-points-per-game average, which was the best in league history at that time, as well as 2,514 steals, then the second most ever. In 2006 Jordan became minority owner and general manager of the NBA’s Charlotte Bobcats (now known as the Charlotte Hornets). He bought a controlling interest in the team in 2010 and became the first former NBA player to become a majority owner of one of the league’s franchises. Jordan sold his share in 2023. Other activities Jordan made a successful film, Space Jam (1996), in which he starred with animated characters Bugs Bunny and Daffy Duck. In 1996 the NBA named him one of the 50 greatest players of all time, and in 2009 he was elected to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. He was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2016. The Editors of Encyclopaedia BritannicaThis article was most recently revised and updated by Amy Tikkanen.
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The ESPN and Netflix documentary series, which chronicles Michael Jordan's final season with the Chicago Bulls, has been the perfect stopgap during the global sporting shutdown. Engrossing, comprehensive and wildly entertaining, The Last Dance offers unprecedented insight into one of the biggest sporting icons on the planet. While aweing at footage of Jordan at his unplayable best, one couldn't help but wonder which Northern Irish sporting icon or story could command the fly-on-the-wall documentary treatment. George Best, Alex Higgins and the Dunlop family all have been subject to impressive films in recent years, but there are still several NI sporting stories we would love to see told in such a vivid and dramatic manner. Here are six that get our vote. Those who watched McIlroy's gut-wrenching travails wondered if he could ever bounce back to the point where he would have a major in his sights again. Of course, just two months later, he answered in the most emphatic style, bringing Congressional to its knees as he secured an eight-shot victory at the US Open. McIlroy has proceeded to win just about everything in golf (that Green Jacket, however, remains elusive) but it's difficult to imagine a more important period than his transformation from overwhelmed pretender to worthy champion. Eddie Irvine is no stranger to allowing the cameras in. In fact, they followed him around for the entire 1999 Formula 1 season. The resulting film, Eddie Irvine: Living the Fast Life, however is a relic of a bygone era. You'd be hard-pressed to find a copy that isn't a dusty old VHS. Now, more than 20 years on, it feels as though the story of '99 could be relived in thrilling style in the world of streaming. For 1999 was the closest Irvine ever got to the World Drivers Championship. Locking horns with defending champion Mika Hakkinen, Irvine was two points behind the Finn heading into the penultimate race of the season: the Malaysian Grand Prix. There, in Sepang, Michael Schumacher, who had just returned from injury, helped Ferrari teammate Irvine collect his fourth win of the season to seize the upper-hand ahead of the climactic Japanese Grand Prix. Ferrari were later disqualified after it was discovered that their car bargeboards did not comply with F1 regulations. The decision was later overturned following an appeal, teeing up a Championship shootout at Suzuka. The ending was bittersweet for Irvine. He finished third in the race as Hakkinen won to retain his title. Irvine did help Ferrari secure their first Constructors' title in 16 years, but the Newtownards man was left wondering what might have been. Few Irish teams have inspired us in recent years quite like the Ireland Women's hockey team. From earning a silver medal at the 2018 World Cup to securing Olympic qualification in dramatic, nerve-shredding fashion via a penalty shootout victory over Canada. And Ayeisha McFerran has been an integral part of that success. A shootout hero in the World Cup quarter-final, saving three of India's strokes, McFerran further etched her name into legend when she saved two of Canada's efforts to force the Olympic qualifier into sudden death. An inspiring character, McFerran lost her mother when she was 15 before going into Northern Ireland's foster home system. When she was 18, she moved to Kentucky and established herself as one of the leading young goalkeepers in the sport while attaining a degree in exercise science. McFerran would certainly be a compelling centrepiece character in any retelling of the rise of Irish women's hockey. Of course, we'd maybe have to put this doc on ice for a while seeing as their story is far from over. In 1995, it was agony. Eight years later, the sweetest redemption. Peter Canavan hasn't often drawn comparisons to Michael Jordan, but for an agonising chunk of each man's career, the dreaded 'best player never to win aâ¦' tag followed them around like a dark cloud. In The Last Dance, there is more than one mention of how Jordan, for a long time, was considered a spectacular performer who was unable to lead the Bulls to the Championship. That all changed in 1991. Humphreys was the talisman as Ulster stunned Toulouse and Stade Francais in the quarter and semi-finals before overpowering Colomiers in an admittedly anticlimactic showpiece in Dublin. Regardless, the wild scenes at the final whistle, when thousands of jubilant fans stormed the Lansdowne Road pitch, capped one of Irish rugby's wildest rides. With Ulster's European Champions Cup campaign shroud in uncertainty, a long-form retelling of their finest hour would be the perfect binge-watch. With O'Neill having only just drawn the curtain on his eight-year spell at the Windsor Park helm, there is no better time for a deep-dive into how the Portadown tactician built the Green and White Army that dared to dream. The turbulent nascent stages of O'Neill's reign could provide a fitting context in the early episodes before building up to the Euro 2016 qualifying campaign. Lafferty, Davis and the rest captivating Windsor and writing their own chapter into Northern Ireland's storied history certainly merits a dramatic retelling. Of course, the later episodes would cover that little trip to France when the NI fans sang their hearts out in a hailstorm-hit Lyon and the players gave them a tournament experience to savour. Having departed before the play-offs for next year's Euros, 2016 will always be O'Neill's crowning achievement. While Phil Jackson had Jordan, Scottie Pippen and Dennis Rodman, O'Neill had his own all-star line-up - and they did alright in the end, we think.
wrong_mix_domain_birth_00112	FactBench	3	98	https://www.starnewsonline.com/story/news/2022/04/12/wilmington-nc-michael-jordan-nba-legend-impact-hometown/7157365001/	en	What we've learned about Michael Jordan's impact in his hometown of Wilmington	https://www.gannett-cdn.…=pjpg&width=1200	https://www.gannett-cdn.…=pjpg&width=1200	[]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "John Staton, Wilmington Star-News", "John Staton" ]	2022-04-12T00:00:00	There are varying opinions about what NBA legend Michael Jordan means to his hometown of Wilmington, North Carolina.	en	https://www.gannett-cdn.…ages/favicon.png	Wilmington StarNews	https://www.starnewsonline.com/story/news/2022/04/12/wilmington-nc-michael-jordan-nba-legend-impact-hometown/7157365001/	Michael Jordan is forever part of Wilmington's past. But how big a part will, or should, the basketball legend play in its future? It's question that I and others have been wondering how to answer for a long time, and it's the focus of a story that takes an in-depth look at what Michael Jordan, who has meant so much to so many around the world, means to his hometown of Wilmington. Jordan, of course, starred for Laney High School before going on to play for the University of North Carolina and the NBA's Chicago Bulls, eventually becoming one of the most famous people on the planet. The story grew out of what I guess you could call the disconnect between Jordan's sky-high level of fame and success, and the rather understated way in which his connection to Wilmington is acknowledged or publicly recognized on a local level. Some point to the fact that arguably the best basketball player of all time, who's from Wilmington, isn't in either Wilmington "hall of fame," one of which is dedicated to sports. For subscribers: What does Michael Jordan mean to Wilmington? It's complicated. There are plenty of reasons for that, which the story explores, but Wilmington has always seemed to struggle with how to frame its ties to Jordan, and I really wanted to know why that is. Lots of people I talked to for this story think Jordan's connection to Wilmington should be way more up-front and hard to miss — a statue? a museum? — and that Wilmington could potentially benefit from highlighting the connection. Others have a different view, and question whether Jordan would even want Wilmington to do more to recognize him. He has come back to visit many times over the years, and has given money to many different groups, but he's also talked about having conflicted feelings about Wilmington, in part because of the racism he experienced here growing up. We did, of course, want Jordan himself to comment for the story. But after trying to contact him through a few different avenues, he ultimately declined through one of his reps. Plenty of other people were willing to talk about what Jordan means, however, including people who knew him during his Wilmington days as well as everyday members of the community. There may not be a definitive answer to what Jordan means to Wilmington, or how he should be acknowledged here now, or in the future. But I think it's been a story worth exploring, and one that reveals a lot about what kind of city Wilmington was, is and could be.
wrong_mix_domain_birth_00112	FactBench	1	78	https://magazineshop.us/products/jordan	en	Michael Jordan - Celebrating The G.O.A.T.: Fan Guide, From Chapel Hill To NBA, Chicago Bulls, Six-Time World Champion, Insider Anecdotes, Trivia Quizzes, Photos, Air Jordan Sneakers & The Last Dance!	http://magazineshop.us/cdn/shop/files/234507_A1_R2.jpg?v=1698417753	http://magazineshop.us/cdn/shop/files/234507_A1_R2.jpg?v=1698417753	[ "https://ad.doubleclick.net/ddm/activity/src=12618995;type=invmedia;cat=magaz0;dc_lat=;dc_rdid=;tag_for_child_directed_treatment=;tfua=;npa=;gdpr=${GDPR};gdpr_consent=${GDPR_CONSENT_755};ord=1;num=1", "https://magazineshop.us/cdn/shop/files/magazine-shop-logo-color_bef668ab-7263-4b64-b51b-9f8e1944af09_190x.png?v=1622135406", "https://magazineshop.us/cdn/shop/files/magazine-shop-logo-color_bef668ab-7263-4b64-b51b-9f8e1944af09_110x.png?v=1622135406", "https://magazineshop.us/cdn/shop/files/magazine-shop-logo-white-300px_190x.png?v=1620826339", "https://magazineshop.us/cdn/shop/files/magazine-shop-logo-white-300px_110x.png?v=1620826339", "https://magazineshop.us/cdn/shop/files/234507_A1_R2_1800x1800.jpg?v=1698417753", "https://magazineshop.us/cdn/shop/files/SIP-2141bookNEW2_1800x1800.jpg?v=1698417753", "https://magazineshop.us/cdn/shop/files/SIP-2141bookNEW3_1800x1800.jpg?v=1698417753", "https://magazineshop.us/cdn/shop/files/SIP-2141bookNEW16_1800x1800.jpg?v=1698417753", "https://magazineshop.us/cdn/shop/files/SIP-2141bookNEW17_1800x1800.jpg?v=1698417753", "https://magazineshop.us/cdn/shop/files/234507_A1_R2_{width}x.jpg?v=1698417753", "https://magazineshop.us/cdn/shop/files/SIP-2141bookNEW2_{width}x.jpg?v=1698417753", "https://magazineshop.us/cdn/shop/files/SIP-2141bookNEW3_{width}x.jpg?v=1698417753", "https://magazineshop.us/cdn/shop/files/SIP-2141bookNEW16_{width}x.jpg?v=1698417753", "https://magazineshop.us/cdn/shop/files/SIP-2141bookNEW17_{width}x.jpg?v=1698417753", "https://magazineshop.us/cdn/shop/files/234507_A1_R2_{width}x.jpg?v=1698417753", "https://magazineshop.us/cdn/shop/files/234507_A1_R2_400x.jpg?v=1698417753", "https://magazineshop.us/cdn/shop/files/a360Media_horiz_color_x69@2x.png?v=1669849841" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	a360media proudly presents a special interest publication commemorating the career of Michael Jordan, an All-American success story and one of the greatest athletes in sports history. Filled with breathtaking photos, insider anecdotes, trivia quizzes and a special chapter devoted to the most popular Air Jordan sneakers	en	//magazineshop.us/cdn/shop/files/magazine-shop-favicon-2_f12ce36e-80ef-49ab-baf1-b0c16f87e78a_32x32.png?v=1622136121	Magazine Shop US	https://magazineshop.us/products/jordan	Email Password Forgot password?
wrong_mix_domain_birth_00112	FactBench	0	63	https://bellevillejazzfestival.com/	en	Belleville Jazz Festival – 3 days. 30+ jazz greats. A lifetime of memories.	https://bellevillejazzfe…2/12/favicon.svg	https://bellevillejazzfe…2/12/favicon.svg	[ "https://bellevillejazzfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/belleville_jazzfest_logo_bg.png", "https://bellevillejazzfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/howard_rees_trio.jpg", "https://bellevillejazzfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/dunkin_hopkins_trio.jpg", "https://bellevillejazzfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/justine_liane_duo.jpg", "https://bellevillejazzfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/lenni_monis_duo.jpg", "https://bellevillejazzfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/danae2-262x300.jpg", "https://bellevillejazzfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/image_6483441-212x300.jpg", "https://bellevillejazzfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/image001-200x300.jpg", "https://bellevillejazzfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/brian_katz.jpg", "https://bellevillejazzfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/kate_cosco.jpg", "https://bellevillejazzfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/dixie_demons.jpg", "https://bellevillejazzfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/howard_rees_trio_2.jpg", "https://bellevillejazzfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/justine_liane_duo.jpg", "https://bellevillejazzfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/kate_cosco.jpg", "https://bellevillejazzfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/artie_roth.jpg", "https://bellevillejazzfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/lenni_howard_duo.jpg", "https://bellevillejazzfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/howard_rees.jpg", "https://bellevillejazzfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/howard_rees.jpg", "https://bellevillejazzfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/howard_rees_trio.jpg", "https://bellevillejazzfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/justine_liane_duo.jpg", "https://bellevillejazzfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/kate_cosco.jpg", "https://bellevillejazzfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/howard_rees_trio.jpg", "https://bellevillejazzfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/dunkin_hopkins_trio.jpg", "https://bellevillejazzfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/justine_liane_duo.jpg", "https://bellevillejazzfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/lenni_monis_duo.jpg", "https://bellevillejazzfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/danae2-262x300.jpg", "https://bellevillejazzfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/image_6483441-212x300.jpg", "https://bellevillejazzfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/image001-200x300.jpg", "https://bellevillejazzfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/brian_katz.jpg", "https://bellevillejazzfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/kate_cosco.jpg", "https://bellevillejazzfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/dixie_demons.jpg", "https://bellevillejazzfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/howard_rees_trio_2.jpg", "https://bellevillejazzfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/justine_liane_duo.jpg", "https://bellevillejazzfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/kate_cosco.jpg", "https://bellevillejazzfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/artie_roth.jpg", "https://bellevillejazzfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/lenni_howard_duo.jpg", "https://bellevillejazzfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/howard_rees.jpg", "https://bellevillejazzfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/howard_rees.jpg", "https://bellevillejazzfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/howard_rees_trio.jpg", "https://bellevillejazzfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/justine_liane_duo.jpg", "https://bellevillejazzfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/kate_cosco.jpg", "https://bellevillejazzfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/quinte_arts_council.svg", "https://bellevillejazzfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/belleville_bay_of_quinte.svg", "https://bellevillejazzfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/ekort.svg", "https://bellevillejazzfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/ocaf2.svg", "https://bellevillejazzfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/lakeland.svg", "https://bellevillejazzfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/parrott.svg", "https://bellevillejazzfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/long_mcquade.svg", "https://bellevillejazzfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/belleville_club.svg", "https://bellevillejazzfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/quinte_news.jpg", "https://bellevillejazzfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/rock_107.jpg", "https://bellevillejazzfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/mix_97.jpg", "https://bellevillejazzfestival.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/cjbq.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null		en	https://bellevillejazzfe…2/12/favicon.svg		https://bellevillejazzfestival.com/	Howard Rees: Belleville Jazz Festival Founder & Artistic Director. Howard Rees will be leading a trio at the Belleville Club from 4.30 to 6pm on July 28, 29 & 30. Howard has performed with some of the greats in jazz including; Jaki Byard, Ray Drummond, Slim Galliard, Barry Harris, Earl May, Charles McPherson, Akira Tana and Leroy Williams. Howard is also a well-known teacher of jazz, and will be giving master classes in improvisation and harmony for all instruments at the Belleville Club on July 30th. His teaching is based on the methodology of Barry Harris with whom he apprenticed from 1978 to 2021, many of those years in New York City. Aside from his Toronto based jazz workshop now in its 39th year, Howard has been invited to teach in many schools around the world including Shobi University, Japan; University of Leeds, UK; and Stanford University, USA. Duncan Hopkins: Double bassist, composer and arranger Duncan Hopkins has been working at the highest levels of jazz for almost thirty years. In that time he has worked with such luminaries as Norma Winstone, Rob McConnell, Scott Hamilton, Houston Person, Peter Appleyard, Ed Bickert, Mark Murphy, Bobo Stenson, Diana Krall, Sheila Jordan, Kenny Wheeler, Bobby Watson, Sam Rivers, Harry Allen and Edward Simon to name but a few. Duncan was a member of Rob McConnell and the Boss Brass and the highly distinguished Canadian Jazz Quartet for ten years before moving to Europe. His newest project “Elysian” joins long time collaborator (and 2017 British Pianist of the Year) Nikki Iles BEM and the incredibly talented vocalist Thierry Peala from Paris. Their CD is called “Voyageur” and has music and lyrics by Duncan Hopkins. Together they have a unique chemistry which simulates eventide and candlelight in one moment and sea breeze on your cheeks in the next. Harry Ellis: Harry Ellis has had a long and varied career playing and travelling with such artists as Helen Reddy, Gary Lewis & the Playboys, Maria Muldaur, Tanya Tucker, Michelle Wright and Carol Baker. He has performed in jazz festivals in Europe and Asia with Milt Hinton, Buddy Tate, Warren Vache, Danny Moss and Roy Williamson, and in Canada with Peter Appleyard, Norm Amadio, Frank Wright, Michael Stewart, Bobby Fenton, George Koller, Hilario Duran, Luis Mario Ochoa and Bill McBirnie to name a few. Harry now resides in Prince Edward County and performs regularly with a wide assortment of players and vocalists in the area. Duncan Hopkins: Double bassist, composer and arranger Duncan Hopkins has been working at the highest levels of jazz for almost thirty years. In that time he has worked with such luminaries as Norma Winstone, Rob McConnell, Scott Hamilton, Houston Person, Peter Appleyard, Ed Bickert, Mark Murphy, Bobo Stenson, Diana Krall, Sheila Jordan, Kenny Wheeler, Bobby Watson, Sam Rivers, Harry Allen and Edward Simon to name but a few. Duncan was a member of Rob McConnell and the Boss Brass and the highly distinguished Canadian Jazz Quartet for ten years before moving to Europe. His newest project Elysian joins long time collaborator (and 2017 British Pianist of the Year) Nikki Iles BEM and the incredibly talented vocalist Thierry Peala from Paris. Their CD is called Voyageur and has music and lyrics by Duncan Hopkins. Together they have a unique chemistry which simulates eventide and candlelight in one moment and sea breeze on your cheeks in the next. Cody Copeland: Raised in Bowmanville Ontario, Cody Copland began playing the guitar at age 13, and at the end of high school Cody developed a keen interest in jazz. Since beginning his education at Humber College, Cody has studied with some of the best musicians in the country, including Neil Swainson, Trevor Giancola, and Lucian Gray. Focused on the tradition of the music, his early influences include Clifford Brown, Bud Powell, Charlie Parker, and Peter Bernstein. Since first moving to Toronto, Cody has been one of the finest young guitar players in the city and continues to play very often at clubs and concert venues around Toronto. Doug Watson: Saxophonist, pianist, composer, arranger, music teacher, radio broadcaster, folk guitarist & vocalist, church music director. Since the 1980’s, Doug has been active on the Toronto jazz scene having performed in the major clubs and festivals, leading his Trios and Quartets, and performing with Ed Bickert Quartet (steady 1989 – 1991), Jim Galloway All-Stars, Guido Basso, Mike Downes, Don Thompson Trio, Ron Collier and many others. Doug is also well known and respected as a radio jazz host – originally at CIUT FM, 89.5FM (1985-1994) and later at JAZZ.FM91 (1999 to 2015) as a broadcaster and concert producer. During those years he interviewed Wynton Marsalis, Keith Jarrett, Pat Metheny, Phil Woods, Lee Konitz, and many others. Lenni Stewart: A widely-known & much-loved artist in the Quinte area and beyond, Lenni Stewart’s vocal prowess is immediately evident in her innate ability to express the romance, energy, pathos and humour in classics penned by the great composers of the American Songbook, Swing, and Torch Ballads. ‘I am passionate about the music I sing, and believe in having respect for the lyrics, and being true to their story’. Lenni’s music and performance style are reminiscent of the early popular vocalists such as Peggy Lee, Doris Day, Sarah Vaughn and Judy Garland. ‘Classy, sassy and sophisticated’ she is a highly versatile entertainer. Lenni’s strong stage presence, musicality, diverse repertoire and sense of humour make for a truly enjoyable and memorable audience experience. Lenni toured across Canada as opening act for Hollywood legend Mickey Rooney in the nostalgic hit ‘Let’s Put On A Show’ with tenor Julian Gallo, travelling from Whitehorse to Sydney and appearing in many of Canada’s most beautiful theatres during 2 separate tours. Michael Monis: Comfortable in any musical style, and active in the Toronto music scene for well over thirty years, Michael has toured extensively and worked both in studio and on stage with countless jazz greats from Moe Koffman to Jane Bunnett. Son of legendary guitar master Hank Monis, Michael currently resides with his family in Millbrook, Ontario. Tickets now on sale click here Doors open at 7:30pm. Concert from 8 – 10pm Dánae Olano (piano): “Young pianist Dánae Olano composed three of the numbers and collaborates closely with Bunnett in the composing and arranging. She is a Havana Conservatory graduate, equally as comfortable with Chopin as with Chucho Valdes. Her bewitching playing permeates the whole album, with the aid of a wonderful polyrhythm section…” — London Jazz News Dánae Olano was born and raised in the musical melting pot of Havana, Cuba. She began classical musical studies at age 7 at the Alejandro García Caturla Music School, continuing at the Amadeo Roldan Conservatory of Music. She graduated from the University of Arts (ISA) in Havana as an accompanying and solo pianist, obtaining the Piano Cum Laude distinction. Her professional career began to blossom while studying in university. There, she made incursions into theatre music, being part of recognized companies like El Ingenio and Teatro de la Luna. During that time, she was also a co-founder of the band Alami, immersing herself and fellow Cuban-Canadian singer Dayme Arocena into jazz music. She was also a founding member of Banda XX, conducted by drummer Yissy García. Currently, Dánae is best known in North America as a founding member of the all-female band Jane Bunnett and Maqueque, which since its formation in 2013 has earned a Juno Award and been nominated on one other occasion, as well as earning a Grammy nomination. She is the band’s pianist and also sings, composes, and arranges for this renowned ensemble. She has performed in some of the world’s most prestigious jazz clubs, including Birdland, The Blue Note and Bimhuis as well as at top festivals such as the Monterrey, Newport and Saratoga Jazz Festivals in addition to Jazz al Parque in Bogota, Colombia. In 2018 she shared stage with pianists Jason Moran, James Francis, Booker T. Jones and Jane Bunnett as part of NPR’s “A Jazz Piano Christmas”, which was hosted by Felix Contreras at The John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington, DC. Yoser Rodriguez (bass): One of the premier bass players of Toronto’s burgeoning Latin and world music scenes, Cuban-Canadian musician Yoser Rodriguez has recently made the transition from in-demand bassist to singer/songwriter with the launch of his original project, the Yoser Rodriguez Trio. Originally trained as a classical guitarist at the renowned Guillermo Tomas Institute in Havana, Yoser studied bass with Carlos del Puerto and toured Cuba with Fiebre Latina before moving to Toronto in 2003. He wasted no time establishing his reputation as a go-to sideman and a versatile, communicative performer who is proficient on electric, upright, and baby basses. Specializing in salsa and Latin music (Hilario Duran, Adonis Puentes, Lula All-Stars, Willie Torres), Yoser has also recorded and toured with jazz and crossover artists such as Andy Narell, Alex Cuba, Jane Bunnett, Jesse Cook, Odessa-Havana, and Amanda Martinez. Axel Bonnaire (drums): was born on the small island of Guadeloupe. It is in this French territory located in the French West indies that this young drummer took his first steps as an artist. He was introduced to music by his music-loving parents from a very young age and developed a keen interest in drums at the age of 3. He began his musical career in 2013 by participating in a 5-day gospel festival, JASPE, playing in front of over 5000 people. Subsequently, he decided to come to Quebec in 2017 to study music, starting with a DEC Technique in Music and Song at Cégep d’Alma Lac-St-Jean for 3 years, and recently obtaining his bachelor’s degree in music Interpretation from the University of Sherbrooke in 2023. During these years of study, he continued to perform with artists such as the singer Wesli, songwriter Frank Custeau, music doctor Julian Gutierrez, popular singers from the 80s Joe Bocan, Marie Denise Pelletier, Marie Carmen, and many other artists. Kate Cosco: (AKA Katie) is a talented NYC based jazz pianist. Kate began studying classical piano at the age of five and continued her formal musical education through college, where at Indiana University she received a degree in piano and audio engineering. She completed a master’s degree in jazz piano performance at the University of Memphis. Her professional experience ranges from jazz to pop and gospel styles. She has performed in many concert venues, casinos, hotels, and jazz clubs across the United States including Las Vegas, Chicago, Philadelphia, Memphis and Manhattan. She has also performed the European cities of Rome and Paris. Her credits include playing with well-known recording artists, retaining a notable job as traveling keyboardist with the world famous Four Tops. Others include Smokey Robinson, Little Anthony and the Imperials, and Ben E. King, to name just a few. Kate has been selected numerous times in recent years to perform at the annual International Women in Jazz and Lady Got Chops festivals. She also leads jazz groups in several well-known jazz spots in Manhattan, including the Cellar Dog, Smalls, Zinc Bar, Ornithology, Little Branch, and the Roxy Hotel. Kate currently retains a residency at Robert at MAD Restaurant in Manhattan She is a member of the esteemed jazz faculty at Montclair State University in Montclair, New Jersey. She currently freelances as an independent and in demand jazz pianist across the tri-state area. Howard Rees: Belleville Jazz Festival Founder & Artistic Director. Howard Rees will be leading a trio at the Belleville Club from 4.30 to 6pm on July 28, 29 & 30. Howard has performed with some of the greats in jazz including; Jaki Byard, Ray Drummond, Slim Galliard, Barry Harris, Earl May, Charles McPherson, Akira Tana and Leroy Williams. Howard is also a well-known teacher of jazz, and will be giving master classes in improvisation and harmony for all instruments at the Belleville Club on July 30th. His teaching is based on the methodology of Barry Harris with whom he apprenticed from 1978 to 2021, many of those years in New York City. Aside from his Toronto based jazz workshop now in its 39th year, Howard has been invited to teach in many schools around the world including Shobi University, Japan; University of Leeds, UK; and Stanford University, USA. Artie Roth: Toronto-born jazz bassist Artie Roth is a composer, bandleader, performer and educator who has been active nationally and internationally for over 20 years. Commensurate with completing his undergraduate (1992 with the Oscar Peterson Scholarship) and masters degree in musical composition (2015) at York University, Artie enriched his education with two Canada Council sponsored study tenures in New York City in 1993 and 1997. He has resided in Toronto for over 20 years establishing himself as one of the busiest, full-time composer/performers in Toronto and is recorded on over 60 full length recordings, including Rich Underhill’s 2003 JUNO award winning “Tales From The Blue Lounge” and 2007 JUNO nominated “Kensington Suite”, Sophie Milman’s JUNO nominated debut CD and Rockit 88’s 2004 JUNO nominated “Too Much Fun”. As a bandleader, bassist and composer, Artie has three recordings “Parallels”(2005), “Currently Experiencing” (2013) and “Discern” (2015). As well as leading his own group, Artie is also an active member of, and contributing composer for Tunetown, The Rich Underhill Group, The Bob Brough Quartet and Kollage. His contributions have been acknowledged through a National Jazz Award Bassist of the Year nomination and featured artist of the week on Jazz FM 91.1’s website and programming. In tandem with his active composer/band-leading and freelance career, Artie currently holds the position of Bass Instructor and ensemble coach at York University and Centennial College. Harry Ellis: Harry Ellis has had a long and varied career playing and travelling with such artists as Helen Reddy, Gary Lewis & the Playboys, Maria Muldaur, Tanya Tucker, Michelle Wright and Carol Baker. He has performed in jazz festivals in Europe and Asia with Milt Hinton, Buddy Tate, Warren Vache, Danny Moss and Roy Williamson, and in Canada with Peter Appleyard, Norm Amadio, Frank Wright, Michael Stewart, Bobby Fenton, George Koller, Hilario Duran, Luis Mario Ochoa and Bill McBirnie to name a few. Harry now resides in Prince Edward County and performs regularly with a wide assortment of players and vocalists in the area. Kate Cosco: (AKA Katie) is a talented NYC based jazz pianist. Kate began studying classical piano at the age of five and continued her formal musical education through college, where at Indiana University she received a degree in piano and audio engineering. She completed a master’s degree in jazz piano performance at the University of Memphis.Her professional experience ranges from jazz to pop and gospel styles. She has performed in many concert venues, casinos, hotels, and jazz clubs across the United States including Las Vegas, Chicago, Philadelphia, Memphis and Manhattan. She has also performed the European cities of Rome and Paris. Her credits include playing with well-known recording artists, retaining a notable job as traveling keyboardist with the world famous Four Tops. Others include Smokey Robinson, Little Anthony and the Imperials, and Ben E. King, to name just a few. Kate has been selected numerous times in recent years to perform at the annual International Women in Jazz and Lady Got Chopsfestivals. She also leads jazz groups in several well-known jazz spots in Manhattan, including the Cellar Dog, Smalls, Zinc Bar, Ornithology, Little Branch, and the Roxy Hotel. Kate currently retains a residency at Robert at MAD Restaurant in Manhattan She is a member of the esteemed jazz faculty at Montclair State University in Montclair, New Jersey. She currently freelances as an independent and in demand jazz pianist across the tri-state area. Toronto-born jazz bassist Artie Roth is a composer, bandleader, performer and educator who has been active nationally and internationally for over 20 years. Commensurate with completing his undergraduate (1992 with the Oscar Peterson Scholarship) and masters degree in musical composition (2015) at York University, Artie enriched his education with two Canada Council sponsored study tenures in New York City in 1993 and 1997. He has resided in Toronto for over 20 years establishing himself as one of the busiest, full-time composer/performers in Toronto and is recorded on over 60 full length recordings, including Rich Underhill’s 2003 JUNO award winning “Tales From The Blue Lounge” and 2007 JUNO nominated “Kensington Suite”, Sophie Milman’s JUNO nominated debut CD and Rockit 88’s 2004 JUNO nominated “Too Much Fun”. As a bandleader, bassist and composer, Artie has three recordings “Parallels”(2005), “Currently Experiencing” (2013) and “Discern” (2015). As well as leading his own group, Artie is also an active member of, and contributing composer for Tunetown, The Rich Underhill Group, The Bob Brough Quartet and Kollage. His contributions have been acknowledged through a National Jazz Award Bassist of the Year nomination and featured artist of the week on Jazz FM 91.1‘s website and programming. In tandem with his active composer/band-leading and freelance career, Artie currently holds the position of Bass Instructor and ensemble coach at York University and Centennial College. Several hundred people grooved to the infectious sounds of Sol de Cuba at last year’s festival, and are anticipating their return! Pablo Terry’s warm, winning smile, dynamic stage presence and musical dexterity leave audiences happy, excited and wanting more… Born in Cuba, he received his musical training in the Cuban Army and at the renowned Escuela de Artes in Havana. After his six-year career in the army, he went on to perform for two years at the famous Club Tropicana and for thirteen years at the International Varadero shows, where he won the hearts of tourists. Pablo Terry has played with many great Cuban artists, including Celia Cruz, Compay Segundo of Buena Vista Social Club, Omara Portuondo, and Los Papines, to name but a few. He has also played at Ronnie Scott’s, in London, England and for Luciano Pavarotti’s birthday party in Modena, Italy. Among the guests was Princess Diana. A serious musician, Pablo Terry plays for both his love of the music and his love of the audiences he plays for. Howard Rees: Belleville Jazz Festival Founder & Artistic Director. Howard Rees will be leading a trio at the Belleville Club from 4.30 to 6pm on July 28, 29 & 30. Howard has performed with some of the greats in jazz including; Jaki Byard, Ray Drummond, Slim Galliard, Barry Harris, Earl May, Charles McPherson, Akira Tana and Leroy Williams. Howard is also a well-known teacher of jazz, and will be giving master classes in improvisation and harmony for all instruments at the Belleville Club on July 30th. His teaching is based on the methodology of Barry Harris with whom he apprenticed from 1978 to 2021, many of those years in New York City. Aside from his Toronto based jazz workshop now in its 39th year, Howard has been invited to teach in many schools around the world including Shobi University, Japan; University of Leeds, UK; and Stanford University, USA. Duncan Hopkins: Double bassist, composer and arranger Duncan Hopkins has been working at the highest levels of jazz for almost thirty years. In that time he has worked with such luminaries as Norma Winstone, Rob McConnell, Scott Hamilton, Houston Person, Peter Appleyard, Ed Bickert, Mark Murphy, Bobo Stenson, Diana Krall, Sheila Jordan, Kenny Wheeler, Bobby Watson, Sam Rivers, Harry Allen and Edward Simon to name but a few. Duncan was a member of Rob McConnell and the Boss Brass and the highly distinguished Canadian Jazz Quartet for ten years before moving to Europe. His newest project “Elysian” joins long time collaborator (and 2017 British Pianist of the Year) Nikki Iles BEM and the incredibly talented vocalist Thierry Peala from Paris. Their CD is called “Voyageur” and has music and lyrics by Duncan Hopkins. Together they have a unique chemistry which simulates eventide and candlelight in one moment and sea breeze on your cheeks in the next. Harry Ellis: Harry Ellis has had a long and varied career playing and travelling with such artists as Helen Reddy, Gary Lewis & the Playboys, Maria Muldaur, Tanya Tucker, Michelle Wright and Carol Baker. He has performed in jazz festivals in Europe and Asia with Milt Hinton, Buddy Tate, Warren Vache, Danny Moss and Roy Williamson, and in Canada with Peter Appleyard, Norm Amadio, Frank Wright, Michael Stewart, Bobby Fenton, George Koller, Hilario Duran, Luis Mario Ochoa and Bill McBirnie to name a few. Harry now resides in Prince Edward County and performs regularly with a wide assortment of players and vocalists in the area. Kate Cosco: (AKA Katie) is a talented NYC based jazz pianist. Kate began studying classical piano at the age of five and continued her formal musical education through college, where at Indiana University she received a degree in piano and audio engineering. She completed a master’s degree in jazz piano performance at the University of Memphis. Her professional experience ranges from jazz to pop and gospel styles. She has performed in many concert venues, casinos, hotels, and jazz clubs across the United States including Las Vegas, Chicago, Philadelphia, Memphis and Manhattan. She has also performed the European cities of Rome and Paris. Her credits include playing with well-known recording artists, retaining a notable job as traveling keyboardist with the world famous Four Tops. Others include Smokey Robinson, Little Anthony and the Imperials, and Ben E. King, to name just a few. Kate has been selected numerous times in recent years to perform at the annual International Women in Jazz and Lady Got Chops festivals. She also leads jazz groups in several well-known jazz spots in Manhattan, including the Cellar Dog, Smalls, Zinc Bar, Ornithology, Little Branch, and the Roxy Hotel. Kate currently retains a residency at Robert at MAD Restaurant in Manhattan She is a member of the esteemed jazz faculty at Montclair State University in Montclair, New Jersey. She currently freelances as an independent and in demand jazz pianist across the tri-state area. Howard Rees: Belleville Jazz Festival Founder & Artistic Director. Howard Rees will be leading a trio at the Belleville Club from 4.30 to 6pm on July 28, 29 & 30. Howard has performed with some of the greats in jazz including; Jaki Byard, Ray Drummond, Slim Galliard, Barry Harris, Earl May, Charles McPherson, Akira Tana and Leroy Williams. Howard is also a well-known teacher of jazz, and will be giving master classes in improvisation and harmony for all instruments at the Belleville Club on July 30th. His teaching is based on the methodology of Barry Harris with whom he apprenticed from 1978 to 2021, many of those years in New York City. Aside from his Toronto based jazz workshop now in its 39th year, Howard has been invited to teach in many schools around the world including Shobi University, Japan; University of Leeds, UK; and Stanford University, USA. Duncan Hopkins: Double bassist, composer and arranger Duncan Hopkins has been working at the highest levels of jazz for almost thirty years. In that time he has worked with such luminaries as Norma Winstone, Rob McConnell, Scott Hamilton, Houston Person, Peter Appleyard, Ed Bickert, Mark Murphy, Bobo Stenson, Diana Krall, Sheila Jordan, Kenny Wheeler, Bobby Watson, Sam Rivers, Harry Allen and Edward Simon to name but a few. Duncan was a member of Rob McConnell and the Boss Brass and the highly distinguished Canadian Jazz Quartet for ten years before moving to Europe. His newest project “Elysian” joins long time collaborator (and 2017 British Pianist of the Year) Nikki Iles BEM and the incredibly talented vocalist Thierry Peala from Paris. Their CD is called “Voyageur” and has music and lyrics by Duncan Hopkins. Together they have a unique chemistry which simulates eventide and candlelight in one moment and sea breeze on your cheeks in the next. Harry Ellis: Harry Ellis has had a long and varied career playing and travelling with such artists as Helen Reddy, Gary Lewis & the Playboys, Maria Muldaur, Tanya Tucker, Michelle Wright and Carol Baker. He has performed in jazz festivals in Europe and Asia with Milt Hinton, Buddy Tate, Warren Vache, Danny Moss and Roy Williamson, and in Canada with Peter Appleyard, Norm Amadio, Frank Wright, Michael Stewart, Bobby Fenton, George Koller, Hilario Duran, Luis Mario Ochoa and Bill McBirnie to name a few. Harry now resides in Prince Edward County and performs regularly with a wide assortment of players and vocalists in the area. Duncan Hopkins: Double bassist, composer and arranger Duncan Hopkins has been working at the highest levels of jazz for almost thirty years. In that time he has worked with such luminaries as Norma Winstone, Rob McConnell, Scott Hamilton, Houston Person, Peter Appleyard, Ed Bickert, Mark Murphy, Bobo Stenson, Diana Krall, Sheila Jordan, Kenny Wheeler, Bobby Watson, Sam Rivers, Harry Allen and Edward Simon to name but a few. Duncan was a member of Rob McConnell and the Boss Brass and the highly distinguished Canadian Jazz Quartet for ten years before moving to Europe. His newest project Elysian joins long time collaborator (and 2017 British Pianist of the Year) Nikki Iles BEM and the incredibly talented vocalist Thierry Peala from Paris. Their CD is called Voyageur and has music and lyrics by Duncan Hopkins. Together they have a unique chemistry which simulates eventide and candlelight in one moment and sea breeze on your cheeks in the next. Cody Copeland: Raised in Bowmanville Ontario, Cody Copland began playing the guitar at age 13, and at the end of high school Cody developed a keen interest in jazz. Since beginning his education at Humber College, Cody has studied with some of the best musicians in the country, including Neil Swainson, Trevor Giancola, and Lucian Gray. Focused on the tradition of the music, his early influences include Clifford Brown, Bud Powell, Charlie Parker, and Peter Bernstein. Since first moving to Toronto, Cody has been one of the finest young guitar players in the city and continues to play very often at clubs and concert venues around Toronto. Doug Watson: Saxophonist, pianist, composer, arranger, music teacher, radio broadcaster, folk guitarist & vocalist, church music director. Since the 1980’s, Doug has been active on the Toronto jazz scene having performed in the major clubs and festivals, leading his Trios and Quartets, and performing with Ed Bickert Quartet (steady 1989 – 1991), Jim Galloway All-Stars, Guido Basso, Mike Downes, Don Thompson Trio, Ron Collier and many others. Doug is also well known and respected as a radio jazz host – originally at CIUT FM, 89.5FM (1985-1994) and later at JAZZ.FM91 (1999 to 2015) as a broadcaster and concert producer. During those years he interviewed Wynton Marsalis, Keith Jarrett, Pat Metheny, Phil Woods, Lee Konitz, and many others. Lenni Stewart: A widely-known & much-loved artist in the Quinte area and beyond, Lenni Stewart’s vocal prowess is immediately evident in her innate ability to express the romance, energy, pathos and humour in classics penned by the great composers of the American Songbook, Swing, and Torch Ballads. ‘I am passionate about the music I sing, and believe in having respect for the lyrics, and being true to their story’. Lenni’s music and performance style are reminiscent of the early popular vocalists such as Peggy Lee, Doris Day, Sarah Vaughn and Judy Garland. ‘Classy, sassy and sophisticated’ she is a highly versatile entertainer. Lenni’s strong stage presence, musicality, diverse repertoire and sense of humour make for a truly enjoyable and memorable audience experience. Lenni toured across Canada as opening act for Hollywood legend Mickey Rooney in the nostalgic hit ‘Let’s Put On A Show’ with tenor Julian Gallo, travelling from Whitehorse to Sydney and appearing in many of Canada’s most beautiful theatres during 2 separate tours. Michael Monis: Comfortable in any musical style, and active in the Toronto music scene for well over thirty years, Michael has toured extensively and worked both in studio and on stage with countless jazz greats from Moe Koffman to Jane Bunnett. Son of legendary guitar master Hank Monis, Michael currently resides with his family in Millbrook, Ontario. Tickets now on sale click here Doors open at 7:30pm. Concert from 8 – 10pm Dánae Olano (piano): “Young pianist Dánae Olano composed three of the numbers and collaborates closely with Bunnett in the composing and arranging. She is a Havana Conservatory graduate, equally as comfortable with Chopin as with Chucho Valdes. Her bewitching playing permeates the whole album, with the aid of a wonderful polyrhythm section…” — London Jazz News Dánae Olano was born and raised in the musical melting pot of Havana, Cuba. She began classical musical studies at age 7 at the Alejandro García Caturla Music School, continuing at the Amadeo Roldan Conservatory of Music. She graduated from the University of Arts (ISA) in Havana as an accompanying and solo pianist, obtaining the Piano Cum Laude distinction. Her professional career began to blossom while studying in university. There, she made incursions into theatre music, being part of recognized companies like El Ingenio and Teatro de la Luna. During that time, she was also a co-founder of the band Alami, immersing herself and fellow Cuban-Canadian singer Dayme Arocena into jazz music. She was also a founding member of Banda XX, conducted by drummer Yissy García. Currently, Dánae is best known in North America as a founding member of the all-female band Jane Bunnett and Maqueque, which since its formation in 2013 has earned a Juno Award and been nominated on one other occasion, as well as earning a Grammy nomination. She is the band’s pianist and also sings, composes, and arranges for this renowned ensemble. She has performed in some of the world’s most prestigious jazz clubs, including Birdland, The Blue Note and Bimhuis as well as at top festivals such as the Monterrey, Newport and Saratoga Jazz Festivals in addition to Jazz al Parque in Bogota, Colombia. In 2018 she shared stage with pianists Jason Moran, James Francis, Booker T. Jones and Jane Bunnett as part of NPR’s “A Jazz Piano Christmas”, which was hosted by Felix Contreras at The John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington, DC. Yoser Rodriguez (bass): One of the premier bass players of Toronto’s burgeoning Latin and world music scenes, Cuban-Canadian musician Yoser Rodriguez has recently made the transition from in-demand bassist to singer/songwriter with the launch of his original project, the Yoser Rodriguez Trio. Originally trained as a classical guitarist at the renowned Guillermo Tomas Institute in Havana, Yoser studied bass with Carlos del Puerto and toured Cuba with Fiebre Latina before moving to Toronto in 2003. He wasted no time establishing his reputation as a go-to sideman and a versatile, communicative performer who is proficient on electric, upright, and baby basses. Specializing in salsa and Latin music (Hilario Duran, Adonis Puentes, Lula All-Stars, Willie Torres), Yoser has also recorded and toured with jazz and crossover artists such as Andy Narell, Alex Cuba, Jane Bunnett, Jesse Cook, Odessa-Havana, and Amanda Martinez. Axel Bonnaire (drums): was born on the small island of Guadeloupe. It is in this French territory located in the French West indies that this young drummer took his first steps as an artist. He was introduced to music by his music-loving parents from a very young age and developed a keen interest in drums at the age of 3. He began his musical career in 2013 by participating in a 5-day gospel festival, JASPE, playing in front of over 5000 people. Subsequently, he decided to come to Quebec in 2017 to study music, starting with a DEC Technique in Music and Song at Cégep d’Alma Lac-St-Jean for 3 years, and recently obtaining his bachelor’s degree in music Interpretation from the University of Sherbrooke in 2023. During these years of study, he continued to perform with artists such as the singer Wesli, songwriter Frank Custeau, music doctor Julian Gutierrez, popular singers from the 80s Joe Bocan, Marie Denise Pelletier, Marie Carmen, and many other artists. Kate Cosco: (AKA Katie) is a talented NYC based jazz pianist. Kate began studying classical piano at the age of five and continued her formal musical education through college, where at Indiana University she received a degree in piano and audio engineering. She completed a master’s degree in jazz piano performance at the University of Memphis. Her professional experience ranges from jazz to pop and gospel styles. She has performed in many concert venues, casinos, hotels, and jazz clubs across the United States including Las Vegas, Chicago, Philadelphia, Memphis and Manhattan. She has also performed the European cities of Rome and Paris. Her credits include playing with well-known recording artists, retaining a notable job as traveling keyboardist with the world famous Four Tops. Others include Smokey Robinson, Little Anthony and the Imperials, and Ben E. King, to name just a few. Kate has been selected numerous times in recent years to perform at the annual International Women in Jazz and Lady Got Chops festivals. She also leads jazz groups in several well-known jazz spots in Manhattan, including the Cellar Dog, Smalls, Zinc Bar, Ornithology, Little Branch, and the Roxy Hotel. Kate currently retains a residency at Robert at MAD Restaurant in Manhattan She is a member of the esteemed jazz faculty at Montclair State University in Montclair, New Jersey. She currently freelances as an independent and in demand jazz pianist across the tri-state area. Howard Rees: Belleville Jazz Festival Founder & Artistic Director. Howard Rees will be leading a trio at the Belleville Club from 4.30 to 6pm on July 28, 29 & 30. Howard has performed with some of the greats in jazz including; Jaki Byard, Ray Drummond, Slim Galliard, Barry Harris, Earl May, Charles McPherson, Akira Tana and Leroy Williams. Howard is also a well-known teacher of jazz, and will be giving master classes in improvisation and harmony for all instruments at the Belleville Club on July 30th. His teaching is based on the methodology of Barry Harris with whom he apprenticed from 1978 to 2021, many of those years in New York City. Aside from his Toronto based jazz workshop now in its 39th year, Howard has been invited to teach in many schools around the world including Shobi University, Japan; University of Leeds, UK; and Stanford University, USA. Artie Roth: Toronto-born jazz bassist Artie Roth is a composer, bandleader, performer and educator who has been active nationally and internationally for over 20 years. Commensurate with completing his undergraduate (1992 with the Oscar Peterson Scholarship) and masters degree in musical composition (2015) at York University, Artie enriched his education with two Canada Council sponsored study tenures in New York City in 1993 and 1997. He has resided in Toronto for over 20 years establishing himself as one of the busiest, full-time composer/performers in Toronto and is recorded on over 60 full length recordings, including Rich Underhill’s 2003 JUNO award winning “Tales From The Blue Lounge” and 2007 JUNO nominated “Kensington Suite”, Sophie Milman’s JUNO nominated debut CD and Rockit 88’s 2004 JUNO nominated “Too Much Fun”. As a bandleader, bassist and composer, Artie has three recordings “Parallels”(2005), “Currently Experiencing” (2013) and “Discern” (2015). As well as leading his own group, Artie is also an active member of, and contributing composer for Tunetown, The Rich Underhill Group, The Bob Brough Quartet and Kollage. His contributions have been acknowledged through a National Jazz Award Bassist of the Year nomination and featured artist of the week on Jazz FM 91.1’s website and programming. In tandem with his active composer/band-leading and freelance career, Artie currently holds the position of Bass Instructor and ensemble coach at York University and Centennial College. Harry Ellis: Harry Ellis has had a long and varied career playing and travelling with such artists as Helen Reddy, Gary Lewis & the Playboys, Maria Muldaur, Tanya Tucker, Michelle Wright and Carol Baker. He has performed in jazz festivals in Europe and Asia with Milt Hinton, Buddy Tate, Warren Vache, Danny Moss and Roy Williamson, and in Canada with Peter Appleyard, Norm Amadio, Frank Wright, Michael Stewart, Bobby Fenton, George Koller, Hilario Duran, Luis Mario Ochoa and Bill McBirnie to name a few. Harry now resides in Prince Edward County and performs regularly with a wide assortment of players and vocalists in the area. Kate Cosco: (AKA Katie) is a talented NYC based jazz pianist. Kate began studying classical piano at the age of five and continued her formal musical education through college, where at Indiana University she received a degree in piano and audio engineering. She completed a master’s degree in jazz piano performance at the University of Memphis.Her professional experience ranges from jazz to pop and gospel styles. She has performed in many concert venues, casinos, hotels, and jazz clubs across the United States including Las Vegas, Chicago, Philadelphia, Memphis and Manhattan. She has also performed the European cities of Rome and Paris. Her credits include playing with well-known recording artists, retaining a notable job as traveling keyboardist with the world famous Four Tops. Others include Smokey Robinson, Little Anthony and the Imperials, and Ben E. King, to name just a few. Kate has been selected numerous times in recent years to perform at the annual International Women in Jazz and Lady Got Chopsfestivals. She also leads jazz groups in several well-known jazz spots in Manhattan, including the Cellar Dog, Smalls, Zinc Bar, Ornithology, Little Branch, and the Roxy Hotel. Kate currently retains a residency at Robert at MAD Restaurant in Manhattan She is a member of the esteemed jazz faculty at Montclair State University in Montclair, New Jersey. She currently freelances as an independent and in demand jazz pianist across the tri-state area. Toronto-born jazz bassist Artie Roth is a composer, bandleader, performer and educator who has been active nationally and internationally for over 20 years. Commensurate with completing his undergraduate (1992 with the Oscar Peterson Scholarship) and masters degree in musical composition (2015) at York University, Artie enriched his education with two Canada Council sponsored study tenures in New York City in 1993 and 1997. He has resided in Toronto for over 20 years establishing himself as one of the busiest, full-time composer/performers in Toronto and is recorded on over 60 full length recordings, including Rich Underhill’s 2003 JUNO award winning “Tales From The Blue Lounge” and 2007 JUNO nominated “Kensington Suite”, Sophie Milman’s JUNO nominated debut CD and Rockit 88’s 2004 JUNO nominated “Too Much Fun”. As a bandleader, bassist and composer, Artie has three recordings “Parallels”(2005), “Currently Experiencing” (2013) and “Discern” (2015). As well as leading his own group, Artie is also an active member of, and contributing composer for Tunetown, The Rich Underhill Group, The Bob Brough Quartet and Kollage. His contributions have been acknowledged through a National Jazz Award Bassist of the Year nomination and featured artist of the week on Jazz FM 91.1‘s website and programming. In tandem with his active composer/band-leading and freelance career, Artie currently holds the position of Bass Instructor and ensemble coach at York University and Centennial College. Howard Rees: Belleville Jazz Festival Founder & Artistic Director. Howard Rees will be leading a trio at the Belleville Club from 4.30 to 6pm on July 28, 29 & 30. Howard has performed with some of the greats in jazz including; Jaki Byard, Ray Drummond, Slim Galliard, Barry Harris, Earl May, Charles McPherson, Akira Tana and Leroy Williams. Howard is also a well-known teacher of jazz, and will be giving master classes in improvisation and harmony for all instruments at the Belleville Club on July 30th. His teaching is based on the methodology of Barry Harris with whom he apprenticed from 1978 to 2021, many of those years in New York City. Aside from his Toronto based jazz workshop now in its 39th year, Howard has been invited to teach in many schools around the world including Shobi University, Japan; University of Leeds, UK; and Stanford University, USA. Duncan Hopkins: Double bassist, composer and arranger Duncan Hopkins has been working at the highest levels of jazz for almost thirty years. In that time he has worked with such luminaries as Norma Winstone, Rob McConnell, Scott Hamilton, Houston Person, Peter Appleyard, Ed Bickert, Mark Murphy, Bobo Stenson, Diana Krall, Sheila Jordan, Kenny Wheeler, Bobby Watson, Sam Rivers, Harry Allen and Edward Simon to name but a few. Duncan was a member of Rob McConnell and the Boss Brass and the highly distinguished Canadian Jazz Quartet for ten years before moving to Europe. His newest project “Elysian” joins long time collaborator (and 2017 British Pianist of the Year) Nikki Iles BEM and the incredibly talented vocalist Thierry Peala from Paris. Their CD is called “Voyageur” and has music and lyrics by Duncan Hopkins. Together they have a unique chemistry which simulates eventide and candlelight in one moment and sea breeze on your cheeks in the next. Harry Ellis: Harry Ellis has had a long and varied career playing and travelling with such artists as Helen Reddy, Gary Lewis & the Playboys, Maria Muldaur, Tanya Tucker, Michelle Wright and Carol Baker. He has performed in jazz festivals in Europe and Asia with Milt Hinton, Buddy Tate, Warren Vache, Danny Moss and Roy Williamson, and in Canada with Peter Appleyard, Norm Amadio, Frank Wright, Michael Stewart, Bobby Fenton, George Koller, Hilario Duran, Luis Mario Ochoa and Bill McBirnie to name a few. Harry now resides in Prince Edward County and performs regularly with a wide assortment of players and vocalists in the area. Kate Cosco: (AKA Katie) is a talented NYC based jazz pianist. Kate began studying classical piano at the age of five and continued her formal musical education through college, where at Indiana University she received a degree in piano and audio engineering. She completed a master’s degree in jazz piano performance at the University of Memphis. Her professional experience ranges from jazz to pop and gospel styles. She has performed in many concert venues, casinos, hotels, and jazz clubs across the United States including Las Vegas, Chicago, Philadelphia, Memphis and Manhattan. She has also performed the European cities of Rome and Paris. Her credits include playing with well-known recording artists, retaining a notable job as traveling keyboardist with the world famous Four Tops. Others include Smokey Robinson, Little Anthony and the Imperials, and Ben E. King, to name just a few. Kate has been selected numerous times in recent years to perform at the annual International Women in Jazz and Lady Got Chops festivals. She also leads jazz groups in several well-known jazz spots in Manhattan, including the Cellar Dog, Smalls, Zinc Bar, Ornithology, Little Branch, and the Roxy Hotel. Kate currently retains a residency at Robert at MAD Restaurant in Manhattan She is a member of the esteemed jazz faculty at Montclair State University in Montclair, New Jersey. She currently freelances as an independent and in demand jazz pianist across the tri-state area.
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"https://www.ctvnews.ca/polopoly_fs/1.4430479.1718223721!/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_800/image.jpg", "https://static.ctvnews.ca/bellmedia/common/img/logos/bell_media_en_white.png", "https://toronto.ctvnews.ca/logger/p.gif?a=1.1682131&d=/2.628/2.629/2.620" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Steve Reed" ]	2014-02-12T01:11:02-05:00	Michael Jordan's wife, Yvette, gives birth to identical twin daughters in Florida, Jordan's spokeswoman Estee Portnoy told The Associated Press.	en	https://www.ctvnews.ca/c…e-touch-icon.png	Toronto	https://www.ctvnews.ca/sports/michael-jordan-s-wife-gives-birth-to-twin-daughters-in-florida-1.1682131	CHARLOTTE, N.C. -- Michael Jordan has more to be happy about than just the improved play of his NBA franchise. His wife, Yvette, has given birth to the couple's identical twin daughters, Jordan's spokeswoman Estee Portnoy told The Associated Press. Portnoy said Tuesday night Yvette Jordan, 35, gave birth to Victoria and Ysabel on Sunday in West Palm Beach, Fla. "Yvette Jordan and the babies are doing well and the family is overjoyed at their arrival," Portnoy said. Jordan is the owner of the NBA's Charlotte Bobcats, who are currently the eighth seed in the Eastern Conference and have a chance to make the post-season for the first time since he took over as majority owner in 2010. Jordan, who turns 51 next Monday, married former model Yvette Prieto on April 27 of last year in Palm Beach, Fla. The reception took place at a private golf club in Jupiter, Fla., designed by Jack Nicklaus. Jordan owns a home near the course. The couple met six years ago. Jordan has three children -- two sons, Jeffrey Michael and Marcus James, and a daughter, Jasmine -- with former wife Juanita Vanoy. They divorced in 2006. Jordan won six NBA championships with the Chicago Bulls and was a 14-time All-Star and five-time league MVP.
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Editors" ]	2014-04-29T20:03:29	Former basketball player Michael Jordan led the Chicago Bulls to six NBA championships and won the MVP Award five times. Now, he has several business ventures.	en	/_assets/design-tokens/biography/static/images/favicon.3635572.ico	Biography	https://www.biography.com/athletes/michael-jordan	1963–present Latest News: Michael Jordan Completes Sale of Hornets Basketball icon Michael Jordan officially sold his majority ownership in the Charlotte Hornets NBA team on August 3. The team was sold for an estimated $3 billion, more than 10 times the $275 million Jordan purchased it for in 2010. The Hornets made the playoffs only three times under Jordan’s leadership. “I’m excited about the future of the team and will continue to support the organization and the community in my new role in the years ahead,” said Jordan, who kept a minority stake in the franchise. Who Is Michael Jordan? Michael Jordan is a former professional basketball player, American Olympic athlete, businessperson, and actor. Considered one of the best basketball players ever, he dominated the sport from the mid-1980s to the late 1990s. Jordan led the Chicago Bulls to six NBA championships and earned the league’s MVP Award five times. With five regular-season MVPs and three All-Star MVPs, Jordan became the most decorated player in the NBA. Quick Facts FULL NAME: Michael Jeffrey Jordan BORN: February 17, 1963 BIRTHPLACE: Brooklyn, New York SPOUSES: Juanita Vanoy (1989–2006), Yvette Prieto (2013–present) CHILDREN: Jeffrey, Marcus, Jasmine, Ysabel, and Victoria ASTROLOGICAL SIGN: Aquarius Early Life and Family Michael Jeffrey Jordan was born on February 17, 1963, in Brooklyn, New York. His mother, Deloris, was a bank teller who has since written several books. His father, James, was a maintenance worker turned manager at General Electric. Jordan, the fourth child of Deloris and James, has four siblings: James Jr. (known as Ronnie), Deloris, Larry, and Roslyn. Growing up in Wilmington, North Carolina, Jordan developed a competitive edge at an early age. It was James who introduced his son Michael to baseball and built a basketball court in their backyard. Michael idolized his brother Larry, and the two would often play one-on-one into the night. Michael wanted to win every game he played. Jordan attended Laney High School in Wilmington. He was notably assigned to the school’s junior varsity basketball team as a sophomore—he was still under 6 feet tall then—before developing into one of the country’s top recruits. During a basketball camp in the summer of 1980, Jordan grabbed the attention of legendary University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill head coach Dean Smith and his staff. He signed his letter of intent with the school in 1981. College Career Jordan enrolled at North Carolina in 1981 and soon became an important member of the university’s basketball team. UNC won the NCAA Division I championship in 1982, with Jordan scoring the final basket needed to defeat Georgetown University. He was also singled out as the NCAA College Player of the Year in 1983 and in 1984. Jordan left college after his junior year to join the NBA in 1984. In 1986, Jordan finished his bachelor’s degree in geography as he continued to play basketball professionally. Professional Basketball Career Michael Jordan plays for the Chicago Bulls during the 1997 NBA playoffs. The 6-foot-6 Jordan began his professional basketball career when he was drafted by the Chicago Bulls in 1984. He was the third overall pick, behind Hakeem Olajuwon, who was selected first by the Houston Rockets, and Sam Bowie, taken by the Portland Trail Blazers; the draft also featured legendary players John Stockton and Charles Barkley. Jordan soon proved himself on the court. He helped the Bulls make the playoffs and scored an average of 28.2 points per game that season. For his efforts, Jordan received the NBA Rookie of the Year Award and was selected for the All-Star Game. Although his second season was marred by injury, he broke new ground on the court during the 1986-87 season. He became the first player since Wilt Chamberlain to score more than 3,000 points in a single season. By the late 1980s, the Chicago Bulls were quickly becoming a force to be reckoned with, and Jordan was an instrumental part of the team’s success. The Bulls made it to the Eastern Conference Finals in 1990 and won their first NBA championship the following year by defeating the Los Angeles Lakers. Jordan was well known by then for his superior athleticism on the court and for his leadership abilities. In 1992, the Chicago Bulls beat the Portland Trail Blazers to win their second NBA championship. The team took their third championship the following year, dominating in the basketball world. Following the 1993 death of his father and a short stint in minor league baseball, Jordan returned to the basketball court and the Bulls in March 1995. He came back even stronger the following year, averaging 30.4 points per game to lead the Bulls to a then-record 72 regular-season wins before they defeated the Seattle SuperSonics for the NBA championship. Chicago nearly matched the previous year’s record with 69 wins in 1996-97, a season that ended with a Game 6 win over the Utah Jazz in the NBA Finals. The two teams faced each other again for the championship in 1998, with Jordan sinking the winning shot in Game 6 to claim his sixth and final title. In addition to those six rings, Jordan won each of his five league MVP awards with Chicago. After his second retirement from basketball in 1999, Jordan joined the Washington Wizards in 2000 as a part owner and as president of basketball operations. In the fall of 2001, Jordan relinquished these roles to return to the court once more. He played for the Wizards for his final two NBA seasons. Jordan’s Jersey Numbers Jordan is most famous for donning No. 23 during the majority of his career. He once said the number was a reference to brother Larry, as it was roughly half of his elder sibling’s high school number 45. Jordan did wear 45 upon his 1995 return to the NBA because 23 was the number his late father knew him by, and he wanted a new beginning. That lasted only a couple months before Jordan switched back to 23 during the 1995 playoffs. Jordan famously wore No. 12 for one game on February 14, 1990, because his jersey had been stolen. The Bulls didn’t have a backup and tried to locate a 23 jersey in the stands that would fit Jordan but couldn’t. The temporary change didn’t affect his performance, as Jordan scored 49 points in a loss to the Orlando Magic. Olympics During the summer of 1984, Jordan made his first appearance at the Olympic Games as a member of the U.S. Olympic basketball team. The team of college amateurs won the gold at the games that year, which were held in Los Angeles. Jordan later helped the American team bring home the gold medal at the 1992 Olympic Games, held in Barcelona, Spain. The U.S. squad featured professional players for the first time that year, including Larry Bird, Magic Johnson, and Jordan, and became known as the “Dream Team.” Awards and Honors In 1988, Jordan received his first MVP Award from the NBA, an honor he would earn four more times, in 1991, 1992, 1996, and 1998. In April 2009, Jordan received one of basketball’s greatest honors: He was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. Attending the induction ceremony was a bittersweet affair for Jordan because being at the event meant “your basketball career is completely over,” he explained. In 2016, Jordan was presented with the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama. Stats Here is a rundown of Jordan’s NBA career averages and totals, according to Basketball Reference: Career Averages Minutes: 38.3 Field Goal Percentage: 0.497 3-Point Field Goal Percentage: 0.327 Free Throw Percentage: 0.835 Offensive Rebounds Per Game: 1.6 Defensive Rebounds Per Game: 4.7 Assists Per Game: 5.3 Steals Per Game: 2.3 Blocks Per Game: 0.8 Turnovers Per Game: 2.7 Personal Fouls Per Game: 2.6 Points Per Game: 30.1 Career Totals Games: 1,072 Games Started: 1,039 Minutes: 41,011 Field Goals Made: 12,192 of 24,537 attempts 3-Point Field Goals Made: 581 of 1,778 attempts Free Throws Made: 7,327 of 8,772 attempts Offensive Rebounds: 1,668 Defensive Rebounds: 5,004 Total Rebounds: 6,672 Assists: 5,633 Steals: 2,514 Blocks: 893 Turnovers: 2,924 Personal Fouls: 2,783 Points: 32,292 Retirements from Basketball Jordan retired from the sport three times over the span of his 19-year professional career. He first stepped away on October 6, 1993, at age 30 to pursue a career in baseball following the death of his father. In July of that year, James was murdered when two teenagers shot him in his car in an apparent robbery as he was driving from Charlotte to Wilmington, North Carolina. He was missing for 23 days until his body was found in a swamp in McColl, South Carolina. The teens were later tried and convicted of the crime and received life sentences for first-degree murder. Jordan retired from the Bulls again on January 13, 1999, at age 35 before eventually returning to the court with the Wizards. He finally hung up his jersey for good at age 40 on April 16, 2003. Baseball Michael Jordan plays baseball for the Birmingham Barons in August 1994. In a move that shocked many, after the end of the 1992-93 basketball season, Jordan announced his retirement from basketball to pursue baseball. For one year in 1994, Jordan played for the Birmingham Barons, a minor league affiliate of the Chicago White Sox, as an outfielder. This decision came shortly following the murder of Jordan’s father, who always wanted him to play baseball. He had last played baseball as a high school senior in 1981. “You tell me I can’t do something, and I’m going to do it,” Jordan said. During his short career in baseball, which many fans considered a whim, Jordan had a rather dismal .202 batting average. However, many of the people who worked with him at the time an extremely dedicated player with potential. “He had it all: ability, aptitude, work ethic. He was always so respectful of what we were doing and considerate of his teammates. Granted, he had a lot to learn,” former Barons manager . “I do think with another 1,000 at-bats, he would’ve made it. But there’s something else that people miss about that season. Baseball wasn’t the only thing he picked up. I truly believe that he rediscovered himself, his joy for competition. We made him want to play basketball again.” After his season with the Barons, Jordan went to the Arizona Fall League to play for the Scottsdale Scorpions. After hitting .252 and naming himself the team’s “worst player,” he returned to the NBA in March 1995 with a two-word press release: “I’m back.” Jordan’s Business Ventures Outside of his career in basketball, Jordan has been involved in a number of profitable business and commercial ventures, including a longtime partnership with Nike. Jordan signed his first deal with Nike in 1984. The company launched its signature Air Jordan basketball sneakers in 1985. In its initial contract, Nike gave Jordan a generous 25 percent in royalties. The Air Jordan quickly proved very popular, and it continues to be a best-seller for the apparel maker more than 30 years later. The collaboration mints money for Nike and Jordan, with Nike reporting nearly $2.9 billion in revenue for the Air Jordan line in 2018. The story of Jordan’s partnership with Nike is the subject of the 2023 biographical drama Air, which stars Ben Affleck as Nike founder Phil Knight and Matt Damon as marketing executive Sonny Vaccaro. Over the years, Jordan has signed a number of other endorsement deals with brands like Hanes, Upper Deck, Gatorade, Coca-Cola, McDonald’s, Chevrolet, and Wheaties. The Gatorade partnership featured a memorable ad campaign encouraging kids and adults to “Be Like Mike.” In 1998, Jordan launched into the restaurant business as the owner of Michael Jordan’s The Steak House N.Y.C. Designed to reflect Jordan’s tastes and style, this typical steakhouse seated 150 and 60 at the bar, occupying 7,000 square feet in Grand Central Terminal, before closing in late 2018. As of April 2023, there are four Michael Jordan’s Steak House locations: in Chicago; in Oak Brook, Illinois; at the Mohegan Sun casino in Uncasville, Connecticut; and at the Ilani Casino in Ridgefield, Washington. Part Owner of the Charlotte Hornets In 2006, Jordan bought a share of the Charlotte Hornets (formerly known as the Bobcats) and joined the team’s executive ranks as its managing member of basketball operations. In 2010, he became the majority owner of the Charlotte Hornets and serves as the team’s chairman. Improving the team’s less-than-stellar record seemed to be Jordan’s priority. In November 2012, he told ESPN: “I don’t anticipate getting out of this business. My competitive nature is I want to succeed. It’s always been said that when I can’t find a way to do anything, I will find a way to do it.” While the Hornets’ on-court record wasn’t hugely successful—they failed to make the playoffs six straight seasons from 2016 through 2022—the organization grew from a $175 million valuation in 2006 to $1.7 billion by October 2022. In March 2023, that Jordan was in talks to sell his majority stake in the franchise to a group led by two NBA minority owners. Five months later on August 3, Jordan completed the sale to a group including the team’s minority owner, Gabe Plotkin, as well as music artists J. Cole and Eric Church. Jordan kept a minority stake in the franchise. Jordan’s NASCAR Team Michael Jordan watches a 2021 NASCAR event in Pennsylvania from his 23XI Racing team’s pit box. In 2020, Jordan partnered with NASCAR driver Denny Hamlin to form the 23XI Racing team. The name is a reference to Jordan’s basketball number and Hamlin’s No. 11 race car. Jordan is a longtime NASCAR fan and grew up watching legends of the sport like Richard Petty, Cale Yarborough, and Dale Earnhardt. Hamlin is a Jordan brand athlete and fan of the Charlotte Hornets, so the two were friends before the NASCAR partnership. The team debuted in the 2021 Daytona 500 with Bubba Wallace driving the No. 23 car. Wallace picked up the team’s first NASCAR Cup victory later that season on October 4 at Talladega Superspeedway in Alabama. The team expanded to two cars for the 2022 season, with former champion Kurt Busch driving the No. 45 car. Busch and Wallace each won a race at Kansas Speedway that year. Tyler Reddick replaced Busch in the 45 for the 2023 season and quickly gave the team a fourth race win at Circuit of the Americas. Net Worth Forbes listed Jordan’s net worth at $2 billion as of April 3, 2023. According to Sportico, he is the highest paid athlete of all time. Charity From 2001 through 2014, Jordan hosted an annual charity golf event known as the Michael Jordan Celebrity Invitational, with proceeds benefiting foundations including Make-A-Wish, Cats Care, the James R. Jordan Foundation, Keep Memory Alive, and Opportunity Village. The four-day tournament and celebration attracted celebrity participants, including Wayne Gretzky, Michael Phelps, Chevy Chase, Samuel L. Jackson, and Mark Wahlberg. In 2023, Jordan made a $10 million donation to the Make-A-Wish Foundation—the largest by an individual in its history—in honor of his 60th birthday. Wives and Children In 1989, Jordan married Juanita Vanoy. The couple had three children together: Jeffrey, Marcus, and Jasmine. After 17 years of marriage, they divorced in December 2006. On April 27, 2013, Jordan married 35-year-old Cuban American model Yvette Prieto in Palm Beach, Florida. Tiger Woods, Spike Lee, and Patrick Ewing, among other celebrities, reportedly attended the wedding ceremony. The couple welcomed twin daughters, Victoria and Ysabel, in February 2014. Jordan and Juanita’s two sons, Jeffrey and Marcus, both played basketball in college and had dreams of making it to the NBA. Jeffrey joined the basketball team at the University of Illinois in 2007. Both Jordan and his ex-wife, Juanita, supported their son and tried to help him deal with playing in the shadow of an NBA legend. “The thing that we have tried to tell Jeff is that you set your own expectations. By no means in this world can you ever live up to someone else’s expectations of who you are,” Jordan said during an appearance on the Today show. Jeffrey played for the University of Illinois for three seasons, from 2007 to 2010. He then played for the University of South Florida for one season, from 2011 to 2012, before retiring from basketball. He later entered a management training program at Nike. Jordan’s younger son, Marcus, played basketball for the UCF Knights, for three seasons from 2009 to 2012. He went on to open a basketball shoe and apparel store in Florida. “They wanted to be like their dad. What boy doesn’t? But they both got to a point where they said, ‘We’re not going to the NBA,’” Juanita said in 2013. Michael Jordan in Pop Culture Michael Jordan in Space Jam Jordan made a big splash as the lead actor in the 1996 movie Space Jam. The film mixed live action and animation and paired Jordan with Looney Tunes legends Bugs Bunny and Daffy Duck on screen. Jordan did not appear in the 2021 sequel Space Jam: A New Legacy, which features LeBron James. Jordan and the 1997-98 Bulls were the subject of the 2020 documentary The Last Dance, co-produced by Netflix and ESPN Films. ESPN aired the 10-part series after the COVID-19 pandemic halted the 2019-20 NBA season, and it became a must-watch for basketball fans. Along with featuring archival footage of Jordan and interviews with teammates and opponents, The Last Dance explored the tension between the Bulls front office and its peerless superstar over his final triumphant year with the team. Jordan has also appeared on the cover of the popular NBA 2K video game franchise four times, including as recently as 2022. A photograph of Jordan in tears during his 2009 induction into the Hall of Fame turned into a popular internet meme called “Crying Jordan,” in which Jordan’s teary face is superimposed on pictures of other people suffering mishaps. Quotes You have to expect things of yourself before you can do them. By no means in this world can you ever live up someone else’s expectations of who you are. My competitive nature is I want to succeed. It’s always been said that when I can’t find a way to do anything, I will find a way to do it. I’ve reached the pinnacle of my career. I just feel that I don’t have anything else to prove. I can accept failure. Everyone fails at something. But I can’t accept not trying. Limits, like fear, is often an illusion. [A]t the end of the day, the team’s got to go out and play. I think the players win the championship, and the organization has something to do with it, don’t get me wrong. But don’t try to put the organization above the players. The game of basketball has been everything to me. My place of refuge, place I’ve always gone where I needed comfort and peace. It’s been the site of intense pain and the most intense feelings of joy and satisfaction. It’s a relationship that has evolved over time, given me the greatest respect and love for the game. I try to be a role model for Black kids, white kids, yellow kids, green kids. Enjoy every minute of life. Never second-guess life. I always thought I would be a professional athlete. I always loved sports. I knew one thing I didn’t want was a job. Me and working were never best friends. I enjoyed playing. 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wrong_mix_domain_birth_00112	FactBench	1	80	https://www.tiktok.com/%40torienoglesby_/video/7242733554579590446	en	Make Your Day			[]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null		en			null
wrong_mix_domain_birth_00112	FactBench	2	82	https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/article-6266211/What-Michael-Jordans-net-worth-NBA-legends-wealth-revealed.html	en	What is Michael Jordan’s net worth? 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"https://www.youtube.com/embed/cuLprHh_BRg?rel=0" ]	[]	[ "dailymail", "sport", "NBA", "Celebrity Net Worths", "Chicago" ]	null	[ "Ben Rabinovich", "www.facebook.com" ]	2018-10-12T18:05:57+01:00	Widely thought to be the greatest NBA player of all time, Chicago Bulls legend Michael Jordan has proven himself to be as good a businessman as he was a ball player, boasting an incredibly large net worth		/favicon.ico?v=2	Mail Online	https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/article-6266211/What-Michael-Jordans-net-worth-NBA-legends-wealth-revealed.html	Widely thought to be the greatest NBA player of all time, Chicago Bulls legend Michael Jordan has proven himself to be as good a businessman as he was a ball player, boasting an incredibly large net worth that was only really made after the player hung up his Jordans. In a career spanning nearly two decades, Jordan set many NBA records and won six titles with the Chicago Bulls. He was a five-time NBA MVP, a six-time NBA Finals MVP, 14-time NBA All-Star and member of the 50th Anniversary All-Time Team. Jordan was so prolific and had such a massive impact that upon his final retirement in 2003, the Miami Heat retired his famous number 23 jersey, despite the fact the player never played for the team. Even during his playing career, Jordan was already being viewed as the greatest of all time. ‘There’s Michael Jordan and then there is the rest of us,’ NBA and LA Lakers legend Magic Johnson once said, while Larry Bird said: ‘God disguised as Michael Jordan.’ Here is all you need to know about Michael Jordan including who he is, his NBA career and stats, what is his net worth and how much he earns today. Who is Michael Jordan? Born in Brooklyn, New York but raised in Wilmington, North Carolina, Michael Jordan attended the local Laney High school, where he initially failed to make the varsity basketball team as a 5ft 11 sophomore. However, growing to 6ft 3 over the summer ensured that Jordan’s prolific talent didn’t remain hidden for long. He ended his high school basketball career as an All-American. He chose a basketball scholarship at University of North Carolina and played his way into the university’s Tar Heel basketball program mythology when he made the game-winning jumper for his university against Georgetown in the 1982 NCAA championship game, with just 18 seconds on the clock; the game ended 63-62. He was voted Sporting News’s College Player of the Year both as a sophomore and as a junior. In 1984, Jordan was the third overall draft pick, being selected by the Chicago Bulls. Jordan immediately became a fan favourite at the Chicago Stadium and attendances actually began to increase, with people turning up to see the new wunderkind. He ended his first season as the Rookie of the Year. A foot break early in the second season saw Jordan miss 64 games only to return later in the season and score a record 63 points in an NBA playoff game. It was in his third season, 1986-87, that Jordan truly got up and running in the NBA. It was the first of seven consecutive seasons that Jordan scored an average of 30 points or more per game. That season also saw Jordan set the record for scoring 23 consecutive points in a game, as well as scoring 40 points or more in nine games in a row. Between 1987 and 1990, during which time Jordan’s Bulls lost to the Detroit Pistons in the NBA playoffs, Jordan led his team to three consecutive NBA titles, firmly earning himself a place in NBA lore. However, the shocking murder of his father and idol in 1993 contributed to Jordan’s surprise decision to retire in October of that year. He then surprised the sporting world again by signing up to Minor League Baseball, before returning to NBA and the Bulls in 1995, simply saying: ‘I’m back’. His return pushed the struggling Bulls to another ‘three-peat’—winning the NBA title three times in a row, with Jordan sealing the threepeat in the 1997/98 season with a game-winning shot against the Utah Jazz with just 6.6 seconds on the clock. Jordan retired for the second time in 1999 only to return to the NBA again in 2001 for two years. He finally retired for good in April 2003. What is Michael Jordan’s net worth? Michael Jordan’s net worth is estimated to be $1.7 billion (£1.2bn), according to Forbes. The basketball legend earnt the bulk of his staggering net worth after his playing career ended. According to Sportrac, Jordan earnt just under $90 million during his NBA career. However, despite being retired, Jordan is thought to make much more than any active NBA player, including LeBron James, Kevin Durant or Stephen Curry. According to Forbes, Jordan makes $100 million a year from his Nike Air Jordan royalties. LeBron only makes $90 million in total, including his salary and endorsements. Jordan’s Air Jordan sneakers reportedly generate $2 billion a year, not a bad return for Nike, who signed up Jordan in 1984 for just $250,000. After Jordan retired, he gradually moved into franchise ownership and operation oversight, ultimately buying the Charlotte Hornets for $175 million in 2010. As of 2018, the NBA team is worth $1.05 billion and Jordan owns 90 per cent of it. Jordan’s incredible wealth has allowed the legend to purchase things like a private jet that has the famous Air Jordan logo on it, as well as his iconic 23 jersey number and initials. He also owns a $13 million home in Florida and is building his own golf course called Grove XXIII, which will open in 2019. Jordan also owns multi-million properties in Charlotte and Chicago.
wrong_mix_domain_birth_00112	FactBench	1	43	https://thegatewayonline.ca/2015/04/biosteel-canadian-game-will-help-put-canadian-ballers-map/	en	Canadian game will help put Canadian ballers on the map	https://thegatewayonline…RENT-BURFORD.jpg	https://thegatewayonline…RENT-BURFORD.jpg	[ "https://thegatewayonline.ca/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/gatewaylogobluetagline-01.png", "https://thegatewayonline.ca/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/gatewaylogobluetagline-01.png", "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/55d9930728c731b9f61413e38bc172be?s=140&d=mm&r=pg", "https://thegatewayonline.ca/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Sports-WIGGINS–BRENT-BURFORD.jpg", "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/55d9930728c731b9f61413e38bc172be?s=140&d=mm&r=pg", "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/55d9930728c731b9f61413e38bc172be?s=180&d=mm&r=pg", "https://thegatewayonline.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/1VT00044-2-390x220.jpg", "https://thegatewayonline.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/53631766153_5cc1c4f63d_o-390x220.jpg", "https://thegatewayonline.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Semeniuk-1-e1710198790432-390x220.jpg", "https://thegatewayonline.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Canham-6-e1710199704176-390x220.jpg", "https://thegatewayonline.ca/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/GatewayWhiteLogo-300x63.png", "https://thegatewayonline.ca/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/wordmark_W.png-309x74.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Jason Shergill" ]	2015-04-08T05:28:12+00:00	Ever since 1978, the McDonald’s All-American game has rounded up the best high school basketball players in the United States for a televised exhibition of future NBA stars. The game has become a springboard for future success, as it’s been an opportunity for everyone from Michael Jordan to LeBron James to get their first chance …	en	/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/blue-favicon-32x32.png	The Gateway	https://thegatewayonline.ca/2015/04/biosteel-canadian-game-will-help-put-canadian-ballers-map/	Ever since 1978, the McDonald’s All-American game has rounded up the best high school basketball players in the United States for a televised exhibition of future NBA stars. The game has become a springboard for future success, as it’s been an opportunity for everyone from Michael Jordan to LeBron James to get their first chance at national exposure. On April 14, Canada will become host to its own high school all-star game, as the top 24 high schoolers across the country will take part in the inaugural BioSteel All-Canadian Basketball Game. The All-Canadian game comes likely as a result of the ever-increasing collective interest in the sport, with the top draft picks in the last two NBA drafts being born in Canada — Anthony Bennett and Andrew Wiggins — as well as Canada’s lone NBA team, the Toronto Raptors, making the playoffs for the first time in six years. Paul Sir, the Executive Director of Basketball Alberta, said the All-Canadian Game is the result of basketball growing into one of Canada’s most popular sports. “Basketball is the fastest growing sport in Canada and its accessibility and low barriers to entry make it very popular,” Sir said. “The rapidly increasing popularity of basketball globally makes the timing of this game appealing.” BioSteel and Canada Basketball — both of whom partnered to host the event — believe they can use this game to help foster a culture of basketball in Canada. “Just having a first class broadcast should, by extension, benefit all levels of the sport, including the CIS,” Sir said. “The hope is that it will become a permanent fixture and raise the profile of our high school athletes.” Sir was a part of the 12-person committee tasked with selecting the athletes to participate in the All-Canadian game. As the only member of the committee from Alberta, he made sure that Edmonton’s own Awak Piom from Harry Ainlay High School would make the roster. “I worked hard to get Awak selected because he was deserving.” Sir said. “He’s a 6’3” two guard who can shoot the ball with range and create his own shot off the dribble. He’s a dynamic player who can score a lot of points quickly, and was the leading scorer on our U17 provincial team.” While Piom serves as a source of pride for the basketball community in Alberta, there’s still plenty of room for the sport to grow in the province. “Alberta’s basketball quality needs to improve if we want more players recognized at this level,” Sir said. “There are many great players who come from Ontario, and the rest of Canada needs to strive to reach their level,” His point is emphasized by the fact that 18 of the 24 players selected for the All-Canadian game from Ontario. In fact. of the 11 Canadian players chosen in the last four NBA drafts, nine were from the Greater Toronto Area alone. The game will be on April 14 and televised on TSN. On April 13, there will be a dunk contest and a three point competition for the players. If the game lives up to its hype and brings out a sizeable audience, expect this game to become a yearly event that showcases an improving talent pool of Canadian ballers, and the future of our ever-evolving national team as well.
wrong_mix_domain_birth_00112	FactBench	2	16	https://www.michaeljordansteakhouse.com/	en	Home Page : Michael Jordan's Steak House	https://www.michaeljorda…icon-192x192.png	https://www.michaeljorda…icon-192x192.png	[ "https://www.michaeljordansteakhouse.com/assets/svg/mjsh-logo.svg", "https://www.michaeljordansteakhouse.com/assets/svg/crg-logo.svg", "https://www.michaeljordansteakhouse.com/assets/svg/fathead-bug-logo.svg" ]	[]	[]	[ "Michael", "micheal", "jordan", "jordon", "mj", "chicago bulls", "chicago", "united center", "steak", "shrimp", "seafood", "tomahawk", "steak", "blue cheese", "bleu", "cheese", "strip", "wagyu", "filet", "mignon", "prime", "dry rub. slagel", "slagle", "frites", "delmonico", "kansas city", "sirloin", "ribeye", "shrimp", "butter", "green bean", "spinach", "chicken", "pork", "chop", "mike", "burger", "ilani", "jumpman", "hoop", "basketball", "wine", "salad", "comfort", "food", "mac", "cheese", "chopped", "caesar", "truffle", "bacon", "roasted", "crab", "carpaccio", "washington mohegan", "illinois", "oak brook", "dining" ]	null	[ "fathead design" ]	null	We, like Michael, strive to be outstanding in everything we do. Prime steaks, comfort food & seafood, Michael Jordan's Steak House is a classic American dining experience.		../assets/img/base/apple-icon-57x57.png	Michael Jordan's Steakhouse	null	A great steak stands on its own. At Michael Jordan’s Steak House, we believe in simple done right, serving nothing but the best hand-selected steaks, from grass-fed to 45 day dry-aged USDA Prime, cooked to perfection, that delight you with every bite. Our award-winning wine and cocktail program is rooted in Michael Jordan’s passions. From our seasonal cocktails featuring Cincoro, a premium tequila developed by MJ and friends, to our deep wine list that features selections from MJ’s personal collection, you’ll find the perfect drink for your meal. Looking to create unforgettable memories for you and your guests? Our private dining offers an exceptional, personalized experience with the level of quality that lives up to the prestige of a legend. Six-time NBA Champion, five-time M.V.P, two-time Olympic Gold Medalist & he’s still hungry. In 1993, during his historic NBA career, Michael Jordan opened his first restaurant in Chicago and has since grown his brand to the national level. In 1998 the first Michael Jordan’s Steak House opened, delivering an unparalleled dining experience elevated to a level you’ve come to expect from the Legend himself. As the G.O.A.T would say “Some people want it to happen, some wish it would happen, others make it happen.” For over 20 years his concepts have created unprecedented experiences for everyone at the table.
wrong_mix_domain_birth_00112	FactBench	0	58	https://www.myheritage.com/names/michael_tobacco	en				[]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null					null
wrong_mix_domain_birth_00112	FactBench	1	1	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Naismith	en	James Naismith	https://upload.wikimedia…mes_Naismith.jpg	https://upload.wikimedia…mes_Naismith.jpg	[ "https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png", "https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg", "https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Dr._James_Naismith.jpg/220px-Dr._James_Naismith.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Naismith_statue%2C_Almonte.jpg/220px-Naismith_statue%2C_Almonte.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Firstbasketball.jpg/170px-Firstbasketball.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Kansas_U_team_1899.jpg/220px-Kansas_U_team_1899.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Allen_Fieldhouse.jpg/220px-Allen_Fieldhouse.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/James_Naismith_at_Springfield_College_circa_1920.jpg/170px-James_Naismith_at_Springfield_College_circa_1920.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/James_Naismith.jpg/170px-James_Naismith.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Naismith_Rules_of_Basketball_1892_first_draft.jpg/220px-Naismith_Rules_of_Basketball_1892_first_draft.jpg", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Sports_icon.png/31px-Sports_icon.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Basketball.png/100px-Basketball.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Basketball_Clipart.svg/16px-Basketball_Clipart.svg.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/72/Symbol_project_class.svg/16px-Symbol_project_class.svg.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png", "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png", "https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1", "https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg", "https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Contributors to Wikimedia projects" ]	2002-09-16T12:47:21+00:00		en	/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png		https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Naismith	Inventor of basketball (1861–1939) For the chemical biologist, see James Naismith (chemist). James Naismith (NAY-smith; November 6, 1861 – November 28, 1939) was a Canadian-American physical educator, physician, Christian chaplain, and sports coach, best known as the inventor of the game of basketball.[1][2][3] After moving to the United States, he wrote the original basketball rule book and founded the University of Kansas basketball program in 1898.[4] Naismith lived to see basketball adopted as an Olympic demonstration sport in 1904 and as an official event at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, as well as the birth of the National Invitation Tournament (1938) and the NCAA Tournament (1939). Naismith studied and taught physical education at McGill University in Montreal until 1890, before moving to Springfield, Massachusetts, United States later that year, where in 1891 he designed the game of basketball while he was teaching at the International YMCA Training School.[5] Seven years after inventing basketball, Naismith received his medical degree in Denver in 1898. He then arrived at the University of Kansas, later becoming the Kansas Jayhawks' athletic director and coach.[5] While a coach at Kansas, Naismith coached Phog Allen, who later became the coach at Kansas for 39 seasons, beginning a lengthy and prestigious coaching tree. Allen then went on to coach legends including Adolph Rupp and Dean Smith, among others, who themselves coached many notable players and future coaches.[6] Early years [edit] Naismith was born on November 6, 1861, in Almonte, Canada West, Province of Canada (now part of Mississippi Mills, Ontario, Canada) to Scottish parents.[7] Despite some sources to the contrary Naismith never had a middle name and never signed his name with an "A" initial. The "A" was added by someone in administration at the University of Kansas.[a] Gifted in farm labour, Naismith spent his days outside playing catch, hide-and-seek, or duck on a rock, a medieval game in which a person guards a large drake stone from opposing players, who try to knock it down by throwing smaller stones at it. To play duck on a rock most effectively, Naismith soon found that a soft lobbing shot was far more effective than a straight hard throw, a thought that later proved essential for the invention of basketball.[9] Orphaned early in his life, Naismith lived with his aunt and uncle for many years and attended grade school at Bennies Corners near Almonte. Then, he enrolled in Almonte High School, in Almonte, Ontario, from which he graduated in 1883.[9] In the same year, Naismith entered McGill University in Montreal. Although described as a slight figure, standing 5 feet 10+1⁄2 inches (1.791 m) and listed at 178 pounds (81 kg)[10] he was a talented and versatile athlete, representing McGill in football, lacrosse, rugby, soccer, and gymnastics. He played centre on the football team, and made himself some padding to protect his ears. It was for personal use, not team use.[11] He won multiple Wicksteed medals for outstanding gymnastics performances.[2] Naismith earned a BA in physical education (1888) and a diploma at the Presbyterian College in Montreal (1890).[9] At the end of his career, in 1938 and 1939, he would receive honorary doctorates from both institutions.[12] [13] From 1888 to 1890, Naismith taught physical education and became the first McGill director of athletics, but then left Montreal to study at the YMCA International Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts.[14][15] Naismith played football during his one year as a student at Springfield, where he was coached by Amos Alonzo Stagg and scored a touchdown in the first exhibition of indoor college football at Madison Square Garden.[16] Springfield College: Invention of basketball [edit] Naismith is credited with inventing basketball. Naismith was an outstanding football player at McGill University in Montreal when he realized he needed to invent an indoor game for the winter due to the weather conditions.[clarification needed] He later decided to become a physical education teacher at McGill University for his three postgraduate years and then went to Springfield, Massachusetts, to study at the YMCA International Training School in the 1890s. After completing the YMCA physical director training program that had brought him to Springfield, Naismith was hired as a full-time faculty member in 1891.[17] At the Springfield YMCA, Naismith struggled with a rowdy class that was confined to indoor games throughout the harsh New England winter, and thus was perpetually short-tempered. Under orders from Luther Gulick, head of physical education there, Naismith was given 14 days to create an indoor game that would provide an "athletic distraction"; Gulick demanded that it would not take up much room, could help its track athletes to keep in shape[2] and explicitly emphasized to "make it fair for all players and not too rough".[10] Naismith was later employed to teach physical education using two boxes. He told the superintendent he needed the two boxes to be put onto a pole so a large ball could be thrown into them.[18] In his attempt to think up a new game, Naismith was guided by three main thoughts.[9] Firstly, he analyzed the most popular games of the times (rugby, lacrosse, soccer, football, hockey, and baseball); Naismith noticed the hazards of a ball and concluded that the big, soft soccer ball was safest. Secondly, he saw that most physical contact occurred while running with the ball, dribbling, or hitting it, so he decided that passing was the only legal option. Finally, Naismith further reduced body contact by making the goal unguardable by placing it high above the player's heads with the plane of the goal's opening parallel to the floor. This placement forced the players to score goals by throwing a soft, lobbing shot like that which had proven effective in his old favorite game, duck on a rock.[19] For this purpose, Naismith asked a janitor to find a pair of boxes, but the janitor brought him peach baskets instead.[20] Naismith christened this new game Basket Ball[9] and put his thoughts together in 13 basic rules.[21] The first game of "Basket Ball" was played in December 1891. In a handwritten report, Naismith described the circumstances of the inaugural match; in contrast to modern basketball, the players played nine versus nine, handled a soccer ball, not a basketball, and instead of shooting at two hoops, the goals were a pair of peach baskets: "When Mr. Stubbins brot [sic] up the peach baskets to the gym I secured them on the inside of the railing of the gallery. This was about 10 feet [3.0 meters] from the floor, one at each end of the gymnasium. I then put the 13 rules on the bulletin board just behind the instructor's platform, secured a soccer ball, and awaited the arrival of the class ... The class did not show much enthusiasm, but followed my lead ... I then explained what they had to do to make goals, tossed the ball up between the two center men and tried to keep them somewhat near the rules. Most of the fouls were called for running with the ball, though tackling the man with the ball was not uncommon."[22] In contrast to modern basketball, the original rules did not include what is known today as the dribble. Since the ball could only be moved up the court by a pass early players tossed the ball over their heads as they ran up court. Also following each "goal", a jump ball was taken in the middle of the court. Both practices are obsolete in the rules of modern basketball.[23] In a radio interview in January 1939, Naismith gave more details of the first game and the initial rules that were used: I showed them two peach baskets I'd nailed up at each end of the gym, and I told them the idea was to throw the ball into the opposing team's peach basket. I blew a whistle, and the first game of basketball began ... The boys began tackling, kicking, and punching in the clinches. They ended up in a free-for-all in the middle of the gym floor. [The injury toll: several black eyes, one separated shoulder, and one player knocked unconscious.] It certainly was murder. [Naismith changed some of the rules as part of his quest to develop a clean sport.] The most important one was that there should be no running with the ball. That stopped tackling and slugging. We tried out the game with those [new] rules (fouls), and we didn't have one casualty.[24][25] Naismith was a classmate of Amos Alonzo Stagg at the YMCA School, where Stagg coached the football team. They became close friends and Naismith played on the football team and Stagg played on the basketball team. Naismith invited Stagg to play in the first public basketball game on March 12, 1892. The students defeated the faculty 5–1 and Stagg scored the only basket for the faculty.[26] The Springfield Republican reported on the same: "Over 200 spectators crammed their necks over the gallery railing of the Christian Workers gymnasium while they watched the game of 'basket ball' between the teachers and the students. The most conspicuous figure on the floor was Stagg in the blue Yale uniform who managed to have a hand in every scrimmage."[27] By 1892, basketball had grown so popular on campus that Dennis Horkenbach (editor-in-chief of The Triangle, the Springfield college newspaper) featured it in an article called "A New Game",[7] and there were calls to call this new game "Naismith Ball", but Naismith refused.[9] By 1893, basketball was introduced internationally by the YMCA movement.[7] From Springfield, Naismith went to Denver, where he acquired a medical degree, and in 1898, he joined the University of Kansas faculty at Lawrence.[10] The family of Lambert G. Will, disputing Naismith's sole creation of the game, has claimed that Naismith borrowed components for the game of basketball from Will, citing alleged photos and letters. In an interview, the family did give Naismith credit for the general idea of the sport, but they claimed Will changed aspects of Naismith's original plans for the game and Naismith took credit for the changes.[28][29] Spalding worked with Naismith to develop the official basketball and the Spalding Athletic Library official basketball rule book for 1893–1894.[30][31] University of Kansas [edit] The University of Kansas men's basketball program officially began following Naismith's arrival in 1898, seven years after Naismith drafted the sport's first official rules. Naismith was not initially hired to coach basketball, but rather as a chapel director and physical-education instructor.[32] In those early days, the majority of the basketball games were played against nearby YMCA teams, with YMCAs across the nation having played an integral part in the birth of basketball. Other common opponents were Haskell Indian Nations University and William Jewell College. Under Naismith, the team played only one current Big 12 school: Kansas State (once). Naismith is, ironically, the only coach in the program's history to have a losing record (55–60).[33] However, Naismith coached Forrest "Phog" Allen, his eventual successor at Kansas,[34] who went on to join his mentor in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame.[35] When Allen became a coach himself and told him that he was going to coach basketball at Baker University in 1904, Naismith discouraged him: "You can't coach basketball; you just play it."[2] Instead, Allen embarked on a coaching career that would lead him to be known as "the Father of Basketball Coaching". During his time at Kansas, Allen coached Dean Smith (1952 National Championship team) and Adolph Rupp (1922 Helms Foundation National Championship team). Smith and Rupp have joined Naismith and Allen as members of the Basketball Hall of Fame. By the turn of the century, enough college teams were in the East that the first intercollegiate competitions could be played out.[34] Although the sport continued to grow, Naismith long regarded the game as a curiosity and preferred gymnastics and wrestling as better forms of physical activity.[34] However, basketball became a demonstration sport at the 1904 Summer Olympics in St. Louis. As the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame reports, Naismith was not interested in self-promotion nor was he interested in the glory of competitive sports.[36] Instead, he was more interested in his physical-education career; he received an honorary PE master's degree in 1910,[9] patrolled the Mexican border for four months in 1916, traveled to France, and published two books (A Modern College in 1911 and Essence of a Healthy Life in 1918). He took American citizenship on May 4, 1925.[5] In 1909, Naismith's duties at Kansas were redefined as a professorship; he served as the de facto athletic director at Kansas for much of the early 20th century. Naismith had "strong feelings against segregation," dating back to his World War I-era service in France and his service on the United States-Mexico border, and he strove for progress in race relations through modest steps. During the 1930s, he would not or could not get African-Americans onto Kansas' varsity Jayhawks, but he did help engineer the admission of black students to the university's swimming pool. Until then, they had been given automatic passing grades on a required swimming test without entering the pool, so it could remain all-white.[37] Through Naismith's association with Baker University Basketball Coach Emil Liston, he became familiar and impressed with Emil Liston's fraternity at Baker University, Sigma Phi Epsilon (SigEp). As a result, he started the effort to bring a Sigma Phi Epsilon chapter to his University of Kansas (KU). On February 18, 1923, Naismith, intending to bring a SigEp Chapter to KU, was initiated as a SigEp member by national office of the fraternity. Under Naismith's leadership, the University of Kansas Sigma Phi Epsilon Chapter was founded and officially Charted on April 28, 1923, with Naismith leading the new 40-member fraternity as "Chapter Counselor." Naismith was deeply involved with the members, serving as Chapter Counselor for 16 years, from 1923 until his death in 1939. During those 16 years as Chapter Counselor, he married SigEp's housemother, Mrs. Florence Kincaid. Members who were interviewed during that era remembered Naismith: "He was deeply religious", "He listened more than he spoke", "He thought sports were nothing but an avenue to keep young people involved so they could do their studies and relate to their community", and "It was really nice having someone with the caliber of Dr. Naismith, he helped many a SigEp." In 1935, the National Association of Basketball Coaches (founded by Naismith's pupil Phog Allen) collected money so the 74-year-old Naismith could witness the introduction of basketball into the official Olympic sports program of the 1936 Summer Olympic Games in Berlin.[36] There, Naismith handed out the medals to three North American teams: the United States, for the gold medal, Canada, for the silver medal, and Mexico, for their bronze medal.[38] During the Olympics, he was named the honorary president of the International Basketball Federation.[9] When Naismith returned, he commented that seeing the game played by many nations was the greatest compensation he could have received for his invention.[34] In 1937, Naismith played a role in the formation of the National Association of Intercollegiate Basketball, which later became the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA).[39] Naismith became professor emeritus at Kansas when he retired in 1937 at the age of 76. In addition to his years as a coach, for a total of almost 40 years, Naismith worked at the school and during those years, he also served as its athletic director and was also a faculty member at the school. In 1939, Naismith suffered a fatal brain hemorrhage. He was interred at Memorial Park Cemetery in Lawrence, Kansas. His masterwork "Basketball — its Origins and Development" was published posthumously in 1941.[9] In Lawrence, Naismith has a road named in his honor, Naismith Drive, which runs in front of Allen Fieldhouse and James Naismith Court therein are named in his honor, despite Naismith's having the worst record in school history. Naismith Valley Park, located at the south end of Naismith Drive in Lawrence is also named in his honor. Naismith Hall, a dormitory, is located on the northeast corner of the intersection of 19th Street with Naismith Drive on the KU campus is also named for him.[40] Head-coaching record [edit] Basketball [edit] In 1898, Naismith became the first basketball coach of University of Kansas. He compiled a record of 55–60 and is ironically the only losing coach in Kansas history.[33] Naismith is at the beginning of a massive and prestigious coaching tree, as he coached Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame coach Phog Allen, who himself coached Hall of Fame coaches Dean Smith, Adolph Rupp, and Ralph Miller who all coached future coaches as well.[34] In addition to Allen, Naismith also can be seen as a mentor and therefore beginning for the coaching tree branches of John McLendon who wasn't permitted to play at Kansas but was close to Naismith during his time as an athletic director.[41] Amos Alonzo Stagg, was primarily a football coach, but he did play basketball for Naismith in Springfield, coached a year of basketball at Chicago and had several football players who also coached basketball such as Jesse Harper, Fred Walker and Tony Hinkle.[26] Statistics overview Season Team Overall Conference Standing Postseason Kansas Jayhawks (Independent) (1898–1907) 1898–99 Kansas 7–4 1899–00 Kansas 3–4 1900–01 Kansas 4–8 1901–02 Kansas 5–7 1902–03 Kansas 7–8 1903–04 Kansas 5–8 1904–05 Kansas 5–6 1905–06 Kansas 12–7 1906–07 Kansas 7–8 Total: 55–60 (.478) Legacy [edit] Naismith invented the game of basketball and wrote the original 13 rules of this sport;[36] for comparison, the NBA rule book today features 66 pages. The Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in Springfield, Massachusetts, is named in his honor, and he was an inaugural inductee in 1959.[36] The National Collegiate Athletic Association rewards its best players and coaches annually with the Naismith Awards, among them the Naismith College Player of the Year, the Naismith College Coach of the Year, and the Naismith Prep Player of the Year. After the Olympic introduction to men's basketball in 1936, women's basketball became an Olympic event in Montreal during the 1976 Summer Olympics.[42] Naismith was also inducted into the Canadian Basketball Hall of Fame, the Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame, the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame, the Ontario Sports Hall of Fame, the Ottawa Sports Hall of Fame, the McGill University Sports Hall of Fame, the Kansas State Sports Hall of Fame, FIBA Hall of Fame.[9][43] The FIBA Basketball World Cup trophy is named the "James Naismith Trophy" in his honor. On June 21, 2013, Naismith was inducted into the Kansas Hall of Fame during ceremonies in Topeka.[44] Naismith's home town of Almonte, Ontario, hosts an annual 3-on-3 tournament for all ages and skill levels in his honor. Every year, this event attracts hundreds of participants and involves over 20 half-court games along the main street of the town.[45] All proceeds of the event go to youth basketball programs in the area.[citation needed] Today basketball is played by more than 300 million people worldwide, making it one of the most popular team sports.[2] In North America, basketball has produced some of the most-admired athletes of the 20th century. ESPN and the Associated Press both conducted polls to name the greatest North American athlete of the 20th century. Basketball player Michael Jordan came in first in the ESPN poll and second (behind Babe Ruth) in the AP poll. Both polls featured fellow basketball players Wilt Chamberlain (of KU, like Naismith) and Bill Russell in the top 20.[46][47] The original rules of basketball written by James Naismith in 1891, considered to be basketball's founding document, was auctioned at Sotheby's, New York, in December 2010. Josh Swade, a University of Kansas alumnus and basketball enthusiast, went on a crusade in 2010 to persuade moneyed alumni to consider bidding on and hopefully winning the document at auction to give it to the University of Kansas. Swade eventually persuaded David G. Booth, a billionaire investment banker and KU alumnus, and his wife Suzanne Booth, to commit to bidding at the auction. The Booths won the bidding and purchased the document for a record US$4,338,500, the most ever paid for a sports memorabilia item, and gave the document to the University of Kansas.[48] Swade's project and eventual success are chronicled in a 2012 ESPN 30 for 30 documentary "There's No Place Like Home" and in a corresponding book, The Holy Grail of Hoops: One Fan's Quest to Buy the Original Rules of Basketball.[49] The University of Kansas constructed an $18 million building named the Debruce Center, which houses the rules and opened in March 2016.[50] Naismith was designated a National Historic Person in 1976, on the advice of the national Historic Sites and Monuments Board[51] In 1991, postage stamps commemorated the centennial of basketball's invention: four stamps were issued by Canada Post, including one with Naismith's name; one stamp was issued by the US Postal Service. Another Canadian stamp, in 2009, honored the game's invention. In July 2019, Naismith was inducted into Toronto's Walk of Fame.[52] On January 15, 2021, Google placed a Google Doodle celebrating James Naismith on its home page in 18 countries, on five continents.[53] Personal life [edit] Naismith was the second child of two Scottish immigrants.[9] His father left Europe when he was 18, and also settled down in Lanark County.[54] On June 20, 1894, Naismith married his wife in Springfield, Massachusetts. The couple had five children.[10] He was a member of the Pi Gamma Mu and Sigma Phi Epsilon fraternities.[10] Naismith was a Presbyterian minister and was also a Freemason.[55] His first wife died in 1937, and on June 11, 1939, he married his second wife. On November 19 of that year, Naismith suffered a major brain hemorrhage and died nine days later in his home in Lawrence.[56] He was 78 years old.[57] Naismith died eight months after the birth of the NCAA Basketball Championship, which today has evolved to one of the biggest sports events in North America. Naismith is buried with his first wife in Memorial Park Cemetery in Lawrence.[58] Florence Kincaid died in 1977 at the age of 98 and is buried with her first husband, Frank B. Kincaid, in Elmwood Cemetery in Beloit, Kansas. During his lifetime, Naismith held these educational and academic positions:[10] Location Position Period Remarks Bennie's Corner Grade School (Almonte, Ontario) Primary school 1867–1875 Almonte High School Secondary school 1875–1877, 1881–83 Dropped out and re-entered McGill University University student 1883–87 Bachelor of Arts in Physical Education McGill University Instructor in Physical Education 1887–1890 Gold Wickstead Medal (1887), Best All-Around Athlete; Silver Cup (1886), first prize for a one-mile walk; Silver Wickstead Medal (1885), Best All-Around Athlete; Awarded one of McGill's first varsity letters The Presbyterian College, Montreal Education in Theology 1887–1890 Silver medal (1890), second highest award for regular and special honor work in Theology Springfield College Instructor in Physical Education 1891–1895 Invented "Basket Ball" in December 1891 YMCA of Denver Instructor in Physical Education 1895–1898 University of Kansas Instructor in Physical Education and Chapel Director 1898–1909 University of Kansas Basketball Coach 1898–1907 First-ever basketball coach University of Kansas Professor and University Physician 1909–1917 Hiatus from 1914 on due to World War I First Kansas Infantry Chaplain/Captain 1914–1917 Military service due to World War I First Kansas Infantry (Mexican Border) Chaplain 1916 Military and YMCA secretary in France Lecturer of Moral Conditions and Sex Education 1917–1919 University of Kansas Athletic Director 1919–1937 Emeritus in 1937 See also [edit] Sports portal James Naismith's Original Rules of Basketball Basketball scorekeeping Notes [edit] References [edit] Further reading [edit] Naismith, James; Gulick, Luther Halsey (1894). Basket Ball. New York, NY: American sports Publishing Company. OCLC 1041046804. Reprinted: Naismith, James (1996). Basketball : its origin and development. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 9780803283701. OCLC 604260339. Rains, Rob; Carpenter, Hellen (2009). James Naismith : the man who invented basketball. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press. ISBN 9781439901359. JSTOR j.ctt14btb6m. OCLC 489150081. Sumner, David E. Amos Alonzo Stagg, College Football's Greatest Pioneer. Jefferson, NC: McFarland Books, 2021.
wrong_mix_domain_birth_00112	FactBench	1	55	https://www.jesuits.org/amdg-jesuit-podcast/	en	AMDG: A Jesuit Podcast	https://www.jesuits.org/…x3000-scaled.png	https://www.jesuits.org/…x3000-scaled.png	[ "https://www.jesuits.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/jesuits-conference.png 1x, https://www.jesuits.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/jesuits-conference@2x.png 2x", "https://www.jesuits.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/jesuits-conference.png", "https://www.jesuits.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/jesuits-conference.png 1x, https://www.jesuits.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/jesuits-conference@2x.png 2x", "https://www.jesuits.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/jesuits-conference.png", "https://www.jesuits.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/My-project-1.jpg 1250w, https://www.jesuits.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/My-project-1-300x84.jpg 300w, https://www.jesuits.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/My-project-1-1024x287.jpg 1024w, https://www.jesuits.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/My-project-1-768x215.jpg 768w", "https://www.jesuits.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/My-project-1.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	2023-01-11T15:04:27+00:00	Jesuits and friends come together to look at the world through Ignatian eyes, always striving to live — For the Greater Glory of God.	en	https://www.jesuits.org/…s_logo-32x32.png	Jesuits.org	https://www.jesuits.org/amdg-jesuit-podcast/	Jesuits and friends come together to look at the world through Ignatian eyes, always striving to live Ad Maiorem Dei Gloriam — For the Greater Glory of God. Hosted by Michael Jordan Laskey, Eric A. Clayton and MegAnne Liebsch.
wrong_mix_domain_birth_00112	FactBench	3	83	http://www.myblackhistory.net/Michael_Jordan.htm	en	Michael Jordan: African American basketball legend			[ "http://www.myblackhistory.net/Michael-Jordan2.jpg", "http://www.myblackhistory.net/img/athlete.jpeg", "http://www.myblackhistory.net/img/ice.jpg", "http://www.myblackhistory.net/florence_griffith.jpg", "http://www.myblackhistory.net/jerryrice2.jpg", "http://www.myblackhistory.net/RobertoClemente.jpg", "http://www.myblackhistory.net/oscar_robertson2.jpg", "http://www.myblackhistory.net/img/client1.jpg", "http://www.myblackhistory.net/img/client1b.jpg", "http://www.myblackhistory.net/img/client1a.jpg", "http://www.myblackhistory.net/img/client1c.jpg", "http://www.myblackhistory.net/img/client1d.jpg", "http://www.myblackhistory.net/img/family.jpeg" ]	[]	[]	[ "Michael Jordan", "best college basketball player", "UCLA star", "Chicago Bulls star", "Chairman of the Boards", "star", "basketball all star", "hard boards king", "court player", "all star Michael Jordan", "African American basketball legends", "basketball heroes", "dominate sports", "African Americans in sports", "great African American athletes", "black culture", "black history", "American football. Jim Crow south" ]	null	[]	null	Michael Jordan is a five-time league MVP, a ten-time scoring champion, a six-time Finals MVP, and a six-time NBA champion. Jordan finished his career with 32,292 points, his career average 30.12 points per game is the best in NBA history.	en			null	Michael Jordan Michael Jordan is a five-time league MVP, a ten-time scoring champion, a six-time Finals MVP, and a six-time NBA champion. Jordan finished his career with 32,292 points, his career average 30.12 points per game is the best in NBA history. Both the Bulls and the Miami Heat retired his number, marking the first time in sports history that two teams retired a player's jersey in his honor. Michael JeffreyÂ Jordan was born in Brooklyn, New York, the son of Deloris and James R. Jordan Sr. His mother worked in banking, and his father was an equipment supervisor. Michael was the fourth of five children. Jordan's family moved to Wilmington, North Carolina, when Michael Jordan was a toddler to avoid the rough streets of Brooklyn. As a youngster, Michael immediately became interested in sports. However, it was baseball not basketball that was his first love. He would play catch in the yard with his father, who loved baseball. He soon started to play basketball to try and follow in the footsteps of his older brother, Larry, whom he idolized growing up. Michael Jordan attended Emsley A. Laney High School in Wilmington, where he anchored his athletic career by playing baseball, football, and basketball. He tried out for the varsity basketball team during his sophomore year, but at 5'11, he was deemed too short to play at that level. His taller friend, Harvest Leroy Smith, was the only sophomore to make the team. A hard worker, Jordan became the star of Laney's junior varsity squad, and finished the season with several 40 point games. The following summer, Michael Jordan grew four inches and trained rigorously to make the varsity team his junior year. Jordan went on to average about 20 points per game over his final two seasons of high school play, and his senior year, he was selected to the McDonald's All-American Team. After high school Michael Jordan accepted a basketball scholarship to the University of North Carolina, where he played under head coach Dean Smith. In Jordan's first season at North Carolina he was named Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) Rookie of the Year for 1982. The team won the ACC championship, and Jordan made the clutch jump shot that beat Georgetown University for the NCAA championship. Jordan led the ACC in scoring as a sophomore and as a junior. The Sporting News named Michael Jordan college player of the year for both years. Jordan was a member of the Summer 1984 United States Olympic basketball team that won the gold medal in Los Angeles, California. Jordan led the team in scoring averaging 17.1 points per game for the tournament. Michael Jordan left North Carolina after his junior year and was drafted by the Chicago Bulls as the third pick of the 1984Â NBA draft. Jordan burst into the big time with a fabulous first season, earning the NBA Rookie of the Year Award in 1984-85 after averaging 28.2 points per game. Michael Jordan had an injury to his foot that caused him to miss 64 games in his second season, but that didn't stop him from scoring an NBA playoff-record 63 points in a first-round game against the Boston Celtics. The following year in the fall of 1986 Michael Jordan began a career-long onslaught on the NBA record book. He averaged 37.1 points leading the league in scoring. With Johnson improving his outside shot and setting assists records, the Lakers won three NBA titles in the next four years. The first of this string came in the 1985 Finals win over their nemesis the Celtics. During the 1986-87 season, with Abdul-Jabbar sidelined briefly with an eye infection, Johnson did something most pro scouts had said he couldn't do: score. He pumped in 38 points against Houston and then a career-high 46 points in the next game against the Sacramento Kings. His 23.9 season average was the highest of his career. That season, Johnson was named NBA Most Valuable Player. It had taken him eight years, in which time Bird had landed three MVP Awards. Johnson had wanted it badly. Before the winner was announced, Johnson told the Los Angeles Times, "Right now, he's 3 and I'm 0. That bugs me a little." IMore than just a scoring machine, Jordan also showed that he was a leader and a winner by guiding Chicago to a trio of NBA Championships. As a rookie, he joined a Bulls team that had won only 28 games the previous season. By 1991 the club had topped 60 wins during the regular season while marching to the first of three consecutive titles. That summer, Jordan was the key figure in forming the Dream Team that competed in the 1992 Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. The 12-member roster, full of the era's best players were respected as basketball royalty by its opponents whom they outclassed on the way to the gold medal. The members of the Dream Team were idolized like pop icons its fans. In 1993, tragedy struck Jordan's seemingly perfect life. On July 23, 1993, his father, James, was murdered off Interstate 95 in North Carolina. Two local teenagers, Daniel Green and Larry Martin Demery,Â had robbed him, shot him in the chest and threw his body in a swamp. The assailants were traced from calls they made on James Jordan's cellular phone, caught, convicted, and sentenced to life in prison. Three months after his father's murder on October 6, 1993, Jordan announced his retirement from basketball citing that "he no longer had the desire to play." By the time Michael Jordan announced his retirement in 1993, he had earned three league MVP Awards, an NBA Defensive Player of the Year selection, a pair of NBA slam-dunk championship titles, seven berths on the All-NBA First Team and six selections to the NBA All-Defensive First Team. He also led the league in steals three times. A nine-time All-Star Game selection, he earned the game's MVP Award in 1988 after a 40-point performance. Known as an avid golfer, many expected Michael Jordan to retire to the links, but instead he surprised everyone and ended up on the baseball diamond. Returning to his first love, Jordan set his sights on Major League Baseball. He spent the 1994 baseball season playing for the Birmingham Barons, an affiliate of the Chicago White Sox in the Class AA Southern League. Although he was a good athlete, success eluded Michael Jordan on the baseball diamond. On March 18, 1995, Michael Jordan announced his return to the NBA through a simple press release: "I'm back." The next day, Jordan donned jersey number 45, since hisÂ familiar 23 had been retired in his honor following his first retirement. He took to the court with the Bulls to face the Indiana Pacers in Indianapolis, scoring 19 points. The game had the highest Nielsen rating of a regular season NBA game since 1975. it was obvious that Jordan was still the same superstar player. He would go on to lead the Bulls to three more consecutive NBA championships.
wrong_mix_domain_birth_00112	FactBench	2	36	https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/1769314/2020/04/25/the-one-player-michael-jordan-was-scared-of-in-college-buzz-peterson-details-it/	en	The one player Michael Jordan was scared of in college? Buzz Peterson details it	https://cdn.theathletic.…587781369587.jpg	https://cdn.theathletic.…587781369587.jpg	[ "https://cdn-league-logos.theathletic.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=32%2cformat=auto%2cquality=75/https://cdn-league-logos.theathletic.com/league-56-color@2x.png 1x, https://cdn-league-logos.theathletic.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=48%2cformat=auto%2cquality=75/https://cdn-league-logos.theathletic.com/league-56-color@2x.png 2x", "https://cdn-league-logos.theathletic.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=32%2cformat=auto%2cquality=75/https://cdn-league-logos.theathletic.com/league-31-color@2x.png 1x, https://cdn-league-logos.theathletic.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=48%2cformat=auto%2cquality=75/https://cdn-league-logos.theathletic.com/league-31-color@2x.png 2x", "https://cdn-league-logos.theathletic.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=32%2cformat=auto%2cquality=75/https://cdn-league-logos.theathletic.com/league-31-color@2x.png 1x, https://cdn-league-logos.theathletic.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=48%2cformat=auto%2cquality=75/https://cdn-league-logos.theathletic.com/league-31-color@2x.png 2x", "https://cdn.theathletic.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=600%2cformat=auto%2cquality=75/https://cdn.theathletic.com/app/uploads/2020/04/24220008/GettyImages-1195809842-scaled-e1587781369587-1024x683.jpg 600w, https://cdn.theathletic.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=770%2cformat=auto%2cquality=75/https://cdn.theathletic.com/app/uploads/2020/04/24220008/GettyImages-1195809842-scaled-e1587781369587-1024x683.jpg 770w, https://cdn.theathletic.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=1000%2cformat=auto%2cquality=75/https://cdn.theathletic.com/app/uploads/2020/04/24220008/GettyImages-1195809842-scaled-e1587781369587-1024x683.jpg 1000w, https://cdn.theathletic.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=1248%2cformat=auto%2cquality=75/https://cdn.theathletic.com/app/uploads/2020/04/24220008/GettyImages-1195809842-scaled-e1587781369587-1024x683.jpg 1248w, https://cdn.theathletic.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=1440%2cformat=auto%2cquality=75/https://cdn.theathletic.com/app/uploads/2020/04/24220008/GettyImages-1195809842-scaled-e1587781369587-1024x683.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.theathletic.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=1920%2cformat=auto%2cquality=75/https://cdn.theathletic.com/app/uploads/2020/04/24220008/GettyImages-1195809842-scaled-e1587781369587-1024x683.jpg 1920w", "https://cdn.theathletic.com/app/uploads/2020/04/24220805/Peterson-B_posed-e1587780548312.jpg", "https://cdn.theathletic.com/app/uploads/2020/04/24221154/Jordan-Michael_stock2-scaled-e1587780744886.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "Charlotte Hornets", "Chicago Bulls", "North Carolina Tar Heels", "NBA" ]	null	[ "Roderick Boone" ]	2020-04-25T00:00:00	Peterson and Jordan got to know each other in high school, and the Hornets' assistant GM knows Jordan like few others do.	en	https://www.nytimes.com/…c-icon-96x96.png	The Athletic	https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/1769314/2020/04/25/the-one-player-michael-jordan-was-scared-of-in-college-buzz-peterson-details-it/	All the previously unreleased video clips featured in “The Last Dance” show Michael Jordan in a light many have never seen before, displaying his ultra-competitive reputation and fiery nature in a different capacity. It’s also led to something else: Buzz Peterson questioning his own wardrobe selection and his fashion sense during his teenage days four decades ago. “Yeah, I’m sure people have been holding on to this film for years,” the Hornets assistant GM told The Athletic. “The part where Michael and I had on green shorts — God almighty. I never knew I owned a pair of green shorts like that. I had no idea. So that’s embarrassing. But I’m sure there is a lot of footage out there that I’m eager to see. I’m eager to see how he played for the Bulls and everything. I know this: If you start running your mouth back to him, you are only stroking that fire, putting more fuel on that fire, and boy it can get going.” Peterson knows about it just about as well as anybody. His friendship with Jordan, now his boss as the Hornets’ owner, goes back to when Jimmy Carter was president. That’s why Peterson can’t help but chuckle watching these Jordan flashbacks. It’s provided him with an opportunity to revisit the birth of their lengthy connection together. “It’s neat,” Peterson said. “I mean, you think back to the days and the relationship I started with Michael in the summer of 1980, just getting to know his family.” Peterson spoke with The Athletic about that early bond that formed between the two, the lone person Jordan was “scared” of during their years in Chapel Hill, how frustrated Jordan is that he hasn’t been able to put a consistently winning product on the floor as an owner and more. What did you learn most about Michael once you met him and began interacting with him? His parents, what a tremendous job they did of raising those kids. To know Ron and know James and Larry and Roslyn — all of them — they are just a really neat family. A good family. And after a while, you can see how the parents instilled the kids. They are all successful. They all took different paths. And then you look at Michael and you say, “All right, why is he this phenomenal basketball player?” I’ve always thought this myself: OK, here is the youngest of three boys. They go outside to play ball. James (who’s also known as) Ronnie, you know, he’s a lot older, and so I guess Larry and Michael go against him and he’s probably roughing them up. And Mr. Jordan is there and said, “OK, you two, if you want to get involved, if you want to play with him, don’t come back here crying. Handle your own.” And then he leaves (the nest) and then there’s Larry. And Larry and Michael kind of got this instilled in them. “You better be tough. You’ve got to have this winner’s mentality.” And once you mix the height and that athletic ability that Michael has, and that desire to win was instilled in him, this is what you’ve got. There’s your makeup. In the documentary, Michael explained how Larry made him such a competitor. What do you know about those two and the way they used to go at each other? I met Michael — we met each other going into the summer of our senior year in high school. I didn’t know of him, and he introduced himself as Mike. And that week at Carolina’s camp, I didn’t see him play. He played with my high school teammate in another gym, and I played with his high school teammate in another gym, Leroy Smith. And I played pickup ball with him during that week outside on Granville Towers court, but he was more of a 6-4, I thought, post player. He played a lot inside, didn’t really play outside because he could score so well and rebound. That’s what he did so well. And once he got to Carolina, Coach (Dean) Smith and the staff worked on his perimeter skills, teaching him defense. He just took off. But when he would go home and I would go to their house to Wilmington down 501 on weekends, shoot — Larry, nobody could stop him. Larry was unbelievable. Larry was fast, quick, could jump. I mean, when we played pickup, that’s who you wanted on your team. You wanted Larry on your team because he could get by anybody. You were also a top high school recruit in your own right. So how did you end up in Chapel Hill with Michael? That’s my claim to fame, to be the high school player of the year (over him). And if we meet strangers or whatever, Michael says, “Yeah, Buzz got that award because in North Carolina there are seven major newspapers and his dad owned six of them. So that’s how he got the award.” But yeah, I remember I went to a BC camp out of high school — Bolton-Cronauer camp. It was in Milledgeville, Ga., and the only way you could get in that camp, you had to be nominated by three Division I head coaches. That’s one of the first things Michael asked me when we were at Granville Towers. He said, “Where have you been to camp?” And I told him I went down there. And he said, “How’d you get into it?” And I said, “My high school coach got me in there. I don’t know how, but he said I had to have a recommendation from college coaches.” And I could tell that bothered him. Because he kept asking me, and every time, he’d turn his head to the side and said, “Hmmm. Three coaches?” I said, “Yeah.” He said, “They’ve got another week of it.” And I said, “No, they don’t. That’s it. It’s supposedly the top two, three hundred kids in the country.” And he said, “Huh? Really?” He said, “Where else are you going?” I said, “I’m going to five-star up in Pittsburgh.” He said, “When’s that?” I said, “It’s at the end of July.” He said, “How do you get in that?” I said, “It’s just an application, and it’s some of the best talent. You probably want to ask the coaches here.” And that’s how he got in. He asked Coach (Roy) Williams, and Coach Williams called up Howard Garfinkel and got him in five-star camp. And that’s where he made his name. So, from your experience, that’s where Dean Smith’s staff kind of got wind of who Michael was at that time? Coach Williams and I grew up in Asheville, so I talked to him a lot. So he said they got a call from some buddy’s alumni, somebody down in the Wilmington area, and said, “Hey, you need to watch this kid and he’s coming to camp. Take a look at him.” And Coach Williams was in charge of Carmichael Gym on Sunday afternoon when campers would come. You would go over and play pickup for about 15, 20 minutes so you could say you played at Carmichael, and then you’d go back. Coach Williams saw him play there, and that’s all he needed to see, right there. What’s it been like watching his journey from afar as he morphed into one of the greatest players of all time and attaining rock-star status as an icon? I will say this: It was difficult for me at first because I’m a competitor. My goal was to be one of the best high school basketball players in the country. I wanted to go to the pros. I wanted to be a McDonald’s All-American — all that. Here I met this guy in camp, and we started this bond, and we said we wanted to go to school with one another, play in the same backcourt. But what I didn’t realize at the time was this guy may be the best to ever lace the shoes up and play the game. And so it was tough for me. I committed to Kentucky to play. But Michael kept calling me and said, “Hey, look, we’re supposed to go to the same place. You’re not going there. We’re supposed to go to Carolina together. You are not going there.” And you know, I said, “Yeah, I guess I need to stay true to my word.” My high school coach, Ronnie Johnson, was a big Carolina fan and had worked their camp, and so I changed my mind. Back then there was only one signing period. It was in April, and Michael had committed in November and I committed in January. So we had to hold our commitment there for some time. But at first, the success he was having, it was tough. Personally, it was very hard for me, and at the time it was like, “OK, this guy, he’s really good, Buzz. He’s really good. For you to beat him out, it’s going to be really difficult. He’s just very gifted. But you can still be one of the guys to play out there with him.” And so once I made my mind up and just to see him … the unique thing was how he got better each year at Carolina — from freshman to sophomore, sophomore to junior, how his game got better and better. What was it like to witness his game’s growth in such close proximity? By the time we were going from our freshman into our sophomore year and were playing ball at Woollen Gym, the pros would come back, and Michael was the type of guy, he wanted to measure you. So, “(James) Worthy, you are the best, so let me play one-on-one against Worthy.” “Here comes Walter Davis.” “Here comes Al Wood.” “Here comes these guys who are pro. I want to play against them.” And that’s when you found out this guy can play with them. And he might’ve been just as good or better than them. There is one guy that I always thought, and I know to this day — I don’t know if Michael won’t admit or not, but I swear that he had a little bit of fear of — and it wasn’t a basketball player. It was a football player by the name of Lawrence Taylor. LT, phenomenal athlete. Could guard east to west, as quick as anybody, could jump, big hands, strong and was a bit crazy. So Michael in the back of his mind said, “Shit, I better be careful with this guy.” And LT always wanted to guard him. And then his sophomore year he took off, played well, and then our junior year when he got player of the year. … The beginning of our junior year, we are overseas in Greece, and we play an Italian team in a tournament that had Scott May in it. Scott May was player of the year in — what? — ’76? Michael had 30-something points against him. Now, back then for us, we only scored high 60s to low 70s. And that was pretty remarkable for somebody to get 30 points in Coach Smith’s system then. We go in the locker room, eat a candy bar, change uniforms, go back out, play a Yugoslavian team. Michael gets 30-something again. And I remember walking out of that gym or arena, whatever it was there in Greece, and I asked Coach Williams, “Coach, let’s talk about this.” I said, “What we witnessed there, my roommate … I’ve seen Dr. J, I’ve seen Larry Bird. I’ve seen these guys on TV. But golly, Coach, he may be the best to ever play. I mean, is there anybody better than him right now?” And Coach Williams said, “Buzz, I’m telling ya, he just keeps getting better and better and better.” And he said that’s what hard work does. If you remember after that season, in the Olympics, when Bobby Knight said his words about Michael about how good he was, I said, ‘OK, then, now we are talking that he could be (great).” You were roommates with Michael. How was that experience? Yeah, we were roommates our freshman year. My sophomore year, Coach asked me to room with Brad Daugherty because Brad and I grew up together in Asheville. Brad was only 16 years old, so we roomed with each other. And then Michael was a suitemate and David Hart, another guy from Asheville who was the student-manager. And then my junior year, Michael and I roomed together. And then Michael went pro, and then Brad and I roomed together. I’ll never forget, I remember seeing something in Sporting News one time. They said, “If you want to pick the right roommate, call Peterson because he chooses the right millionaires to be roommates with.” Now you are working for Michael as his assistant GM. Some Hornets fans are skeptical he has the same drive to win as an owner that he did as a player. What would you say to those who aren’t convinced? They need to take my cell phone and answer my cell phone after a game one night. That’s what they need to do. Or during a game. Or sit with me during a ballgame when I’m sitting with him. They’ll know what a competitor he is. I mean, my left knee, my left shoulder. I’ve sat up there (during a game) before, and his mom would turn around and look at me and says, “Are you OK?” I said, “My shoulder is numb; I only feel it now.” I told her, “My knee is numb.” But listen, the guy wants to win, and no matter what. And he is such a competitor. To say we are trying to work with these young guys, get them better and work and develop these guys — at the same time, Michael says, “I hear ya. But let’s win. I want to win.” And he wants to win in the worst way. It just drives him crazy when we don’t, and so when we don’t and when he thinks we should’ve, that’s when the cell phone rings and he wants a lot of questions answered right away. And sometimes that doesn’t help, either. He don’t want to listen. How much does it burn him up that he can’t necessarily control what happens results-wise with his team on the court? That’s sometimes where the underlining comes in our conversations. I say, “Can I say this to you, Michael? You say all this, let me say this. You see the game totally different than a lot of other people do. Your eyes, your vision, what you see, a lot of people can’t gather all that, Michael. And that’s the gift that God has given you, and then sometimes you have to understand that.” Because when you are on the floor with him, you’re one of those four other guys, you better be playing as hard as him and running with him. But not only that, you better be thinking like he is. He’s not just a guy that runs up and down the court. He thinks the game on both ends. That’s what’s so unique about what he has. He can see a lot of things that a lot of people can’t see. That’s why I always tell him, “You would not make a very good coach. You wouldn’t. Because your expectations are just tough.” And this is what may be hard for people to understand what the documentary is about. He may be tough, the way he’s driven, the way he sees things, because he sees it through a different lens sometimes. I’ve always said this: Coach Smith, Larry Brown, some of the gifted coaches I’ve ever seen, you just let them have four or five objects out on that floor, and what they do and what they see before it even happens is just remarkable. And I always thought that Michael, I mean he’s like that. He sees things a whole lot different than a lot of people. (Top photo: Franck Fife / AFP via Getty Images)
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wrong_mix_domain_birth_00112	FactBench	2	61	https://runningmagazine.ca/the-scene/michael-jordan-2018-uw-preview-jersey/	en	Elite runner Michael Jordan races with MJ Chicago Bulls jersey	https://runningmagazine.…chael_Jordan.png	https://runningmagazine.…chael_Jordan.png	[ "https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=671852823336666&ev=PageView&noscript=1", "https://runningmagazine.ca/wp-content/themes/running/img/logo.png", "https://runningmagazine.ca/wp-content/themes/running/img/logo.png", "https://runningmagazine.ca/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Michael_Jordan.jpg", "https://runningmagazine.ca/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Michael_Jordan.jpg", "https://runningmagazine.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/asics-gel-kayano-30-ezgif.com-webp-to-jpg-converter-300x225.jpg", "https://runningmagazine.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/asics-gel-kayano-30-ezgif.com-webp-to-jpg-converter-300x225.jpg", "https://runningmagazine.ca/wp-content/themes/running/img/newslettertab.png", "https://runningmagazine.ca/wp-content/themes/running/img/newslettertab.png", "https://runningmagazine.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/ontario-creates-logo.png", "https://runningmagazine.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/ontario-creates-logo.png", "https://runningmagazine.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Pop-Up-Website-May.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Tim Huebsch" ]	2018-01-17T17:07:47+00:00	The "MJ of track" wore a Michael Jordan jersey at the University of Washington Preview on Friday	en	/favicon.ico	Canadian Running Magazine	https://runningmagazine.ca/the-scene/michael-jordan-2018-uw-preview-jersey/	Elite runner Michael Jordan happens the share the name with one of the greatest basketball players of all time. The American middle-distance runner paid tribute to NBA legend Michael Jordan by wearing a Chicago Bulls ‘MJ’ jersey during a track race recently. At the University of Washington Preview, in Seattle, Jordan, the runner, wore the famous red and black Bulls colours with the number 23, which is famously associated with Jordan, “by acclamation, the greatest basketball player of all time.” RELATED: What running shorts say about a man. Jordan (the runner), who on Instagram uses the username “mj_of_track,” trains with the American Distance Project, a Colorado Springs, Colo.-based group which includes Olympic silver medallist Paul Chelimo. https://www.instagram.com/p/Bd6X7O8lsI6/
wrong_mix_domain_birth_00112	FactBench	0	78	https://kids.britannica.com/students/article/Illinois/275035	en	Illinois	https://kids.britannica.…-07-14-17-A2.jpg	https://kids.britannica.…-07-14-17-A2.jpg	[ "https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=160638381132823&ev=PageView&noscript=1", "https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/activity;dc_iu=/15510053/DFPAudiencePixel;ord=1;dc_seg=806891421", "https://kids.britannica.com/resources/img/BkidsLogoDesktop.png", "https://kids.britannica.com/resources/img/BkidsLogoTruncated.png", "https://cdn.britannica.com/26/93126-004-65D87B33.jpg?w=300&h=300&q=85", "https://cdn.britannica.com/45/76245-004-BF754DA2.jpg?w=300&h=300&q=85", "https://kids.britannica.com/resources/img/tour/icon-inspire.png", "https://kids.britannica.com/resources/img/tour/icon-inform.png", "https://kids.britannica.com/resources/img/tour/icon-educate.png", "https://kids.britannica.com/resources/img/tour/icon-subscribe-yellow.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "Illinois", "encyclopedia", "encyclopaedia", "article" ]	null	[]	null	As the early pioneers moved westward across the United States, the landscape of what is now the state of Illinois was their first encounter with long stretches of treeless…	en	/resources/icons/favicons/bkids/bkids-favicon-57c.png	Britannica Kids	https://kids.britannica.com/students/article/Illinois/275035	Introduction As the early pioneers moved westward across the United States, the landscape of what is now the state of Illinois was their first encounter with long stretches of treeless plains. The flat grassland that the 19th-century settlers called the Prairie State has been transformed into a vital section of the North American continent. The once lonely prairies are crossed in every direction by transportation routes that have made Illinois a continental hub for commerce and travel. Centrally located, south and west of Lake Michigan, it is close to both raw materials and markets. Downstate, beneath the southern two-thirds of Illinois, lie oil deposits and large reserves of coal. The northern part of Illinois is dotted with industrial cities such as Rockford and Chicago. The latter was the second largest city in the United States from the late 19th century until the mid-1980s, when Los Angeles, California, passed it in population. The diverse manufactures produced in urban industrial complexes are one of the state’s leading sources of wealth. Most of the Prairie State is fertile farmland—seemingly endless miles of black loam. A diverse array of crops are grown on this land. The farms yield an agricultural income exceeded only by that of a few other states. The name of the state comes from the Native American word Iliniwek, meaning “men.” Early fur trappers in the region altered the name with the French suffix ois to indicate “tribe,” and it was later spelled Illinois. In addition to the nickname Prairie State, Illinois was called the Sucker State—a possible allusion to the seasonal migrations of southern Illinois miners to and from northern mines, much like the movements of spawning suckerfish. Illinois is popularly called the Land of Lincoln after the 16th U.S. president. Illinois was where Abraham Lincoln became a lawyer, entered politics, married, served as a congressman, and was nominated for the presidency in 1860. His remains are at Oak Ridge Cemetery in Springfield, the state capital, and his last home in Springfield is a national historic site. Area 57,914 square miles (149,996 square kilometers). Population (2020) 12,812,508. (See also Illinois in focus.) Survey of the Prairie State Illinois lies in the north-central part of the United States. It is bordered on the north by Wisconsin. To the west the Mississippi River separates Illinois from Iowa and Missouri. On the south the Ohio River forms the boundary with Kentucky. To the east is Indiana, with the Wabash River forming part of the boundary. The northeastern part of the state stretches along Lake Michigan for 63 miles (101 kilometers). Natural Regions The Prairie State lies almost entirely within the vast Interior Plains of the United States. It is one of the most level states, with an average elevation of about 600 feet (180 meters). The surface of the land slopes gently downward from north to south, with the hilliest area in the northwest. The largest of the four natural regions in Illinois is the Central Lowland, a province of the Interior Plains. The Central Lowland covers more than nine-tenths of the state’s area. The other three regions are crowded together in the southern end of the state. They are the Interior Low Plateaus, another province of the Interior Plains, in the southeast; the Ozark Plateaus, a part of the Interior Highlands, in the southwest; and the Coastal Plain, a part of the extensive Atlantic Plain region, at the southern tip. Central Lowland The Central Lowland is a region of gradually sloping hills and broad, shallow river valleys. Within this region are smaller subdivisions. In the extreme northwest part of the region is the Wisconsin Driftless Section, the only part of Illinois that was untouched by glaciers. Here, in Jo Daviess county, is Charles Mound (1,235 feet; 376 meters), the highest point in the state. In the northeastern corner are the level lake plains of the Eastern Lake Section along Lake Michigan. The rest of the region is made up of the Till Plains. This section was leveled out by the action of glaciers in the latest ice age. The extremely fertile Till Plains may be subdivided into four local plains—the Kankakee River valley, Bloomington Ridged, Galesburg, and Springfield. In these areas the land is level almost as far as the eye can see. At the northern end of the plains are the gently sloping Rock River Hills. The equally low Mount Vernon Hills form the southern edge of the Central Lowland. Ozark Plateaus The Ozark Plateaus extend into Illinois from Missouri. This is a forested region of hills and mountains in which many valleys have been cut by streams. Its general elevation is 1,000 to 1,600 feet (300 to 500 meters). Interior Low Plateaus The Interior Low Plateaus are a series of small hills that cross the southern part of the state to enter Kentucky and southern Indiana. This area is sometimes called the Shawnee Hills. In Pope county is Williams Hill (1,065 feet; 325 meters), the highest point in southern Illinois. Coastal Plain The small strip of bottomland along the southern edge of the state is known as the Coastal Plain. The western end is part of the Mississippi Alluvial Plain. Here, in Alexander county, is the lowest point in the state—279 feet (85 meters). The eastern section of this lowland is an extension of the East Gulf Coastal Plain. Rivers Illinois is drained by as many as 900 streams emptying mostly into the Mississippi River system. The Chicago and Calumet rivers—originally flowing into the St. Lawrence byway of Lake Michigan—have been altered through the construction of canals to drain into the Mississippi by way of the Illinois River. The Illinois River roughly bisects the northern portion of the state from northeast to southwest. The Ohio River joins the Mississippi at the state’s southern tip near the town of Cairo. Climate Most of Illinois has a continental climate, with warm summers and cold winters. The extreme south has an average annual temperature about 11 degrees higher than that of the northern border. In the northeast Lake Michigan exerts some moderating influence along its shoreline. Average temperatures in winter are about 22 °F (–6 °C) in the north and 37 °F (3 °C) in the south. Summer averages are 74 °F (23 °C) in the north and 80 °F (27 °C) in the south. Precipitation (rain and melted snow) in Illinois ranges from about 34 inches (86 centimeters) a year in the north to some 46 inches (117 centimeters) a year in the south. The growing season varies from about 155 days a year in northernmost Illinois to about 205 days a year near the Ohio-Mississippi river junction in the extreme southwest. Plants and Animals Before European settlers moved into the region beginning in the 1600s, oak-hickory forests prevailed in the north. The settlers, needing wood for fuel and construction material, stripped most of the trees, which left only 10 percent forest cover in Illinois. More than 6,200 square miles (16,000 square kilometers) of forests remain, some 1,100 square miles (2,800 square kilometers) of them in Shawnee National Forest. The state’s length gives it an unusual variety of northern and southern plant life. Both northern and southern wildflowers grow in Illinois, as do a variety of trees, such as white pines, tamaracks, walnuts, cypresses, and tupelos. Before 1800 abundant wildlife roamed the prairies and forests, but bison, bears, wolves, mountain lions (pumas), porcupines, and elk have disappeared. Deer became extinct in Illinois in 1910, but in 1933 the Illinois Department of Conservation (now Illinois Department of Natural Resources [DNR]) placed small herds that established a growing deer population. By the early 21st century the number of white-tailed deer in the state had reached into the hundreds of thousands. Coyotes and foxes can be found in woodlands and other natural areas and, increasingly, in and around urban areas. Game birds, such as quail and pheasant, are not as plentiful as in previous times, but waterfowl are abundant during the spring and fall migrations. Pollution has nearly wiped out many species of fish, but bullheads, carp, catfish, white and yellow bass, and walleye still abound. Many of the state’s natural resources are protected and administered by the Illinois DNR. This agency oversees conservation programs, endangered species protection, mines and minerals, nature preserves, urban forestry, water resources, and hunting and fishing. Another major state preservation department is the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency. People and Culture The majority of Illinois residents are whites of European descent. At the time of the 2020 U.S. census non-Hispanic whites made up nearly three-fifths of the state’s people. Hispanic Americans are the largest minority group. In 2020 more than 18 percent of the people identified themselves as Hispanic, up from 16 percent in 2010 and 12 percent in 2000. Most of the Hispanics in Illinois are of Mexican heritage. African Americans make up about 14 percent of the state’s population. They live mainly in Chicago and the surrounding area. About 6 percent of the people are Asian American, and 2 percent are either wholly or partly of Native American ancestry. Cities Chicago is the third largest city in the United States. Cook county, where Chicago is located, is home to about two-fifths of the people of Illinois. The Chicago metropolitan area, which stretches from Indiana to Wisconsin, also includes the Illinois counties of DeKalb, DuPage, Grundy, Kane, Kendall, Lake, McHenry, and Will. Chicago is a center of industry, commerce, finance, transportation, and culture. It is the railroad, airline, and trucking hub of North America. Linked by waterways to the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico, it is also a major inland port serving foreign and domestic ships. Several other cities in the Chicago metropolitan area—Aurora, Joliet, Naperville, Elgin, and Waukegan—rank among the state’s largest communities. Other large cities of Illinois include Rockford, the chief trade center of the northwestern part of the state. Peoria, on the Illinois River in the north-central part of the state, is located in a rich farm region with excellent rail and water transportation. Springfield, the capital of Illinois, is in the south-central part of the state. Located in a rich farm area, it is an important railroad center. Education Public education in Illinois had its beginning when the Land Ordinance of 1785 reserved sections of public land for schools. In 1825 a law providing for the formation of school districts and establishing a compulsory tax to support schools was enacted, but the compulsory taxation clause was later revoked and the school system remained weak. Parents who could afford the cost sent their children to private schools. Finally, in 1854, the governor appointed a special officer of public instruction, and the school law of 1855 (the basis for today’s public school system) provided for the compulsory taxation of local property, a state school tax, and the certification of teachers. The state’s largest institution of higher learning is the University of Illinois, with its main campus in Urbana-Champaign and other campuses in Chicago and Springfield. Other public institutions include Southern Illinois University, in Carbondale, with a campus in Edwardsville and centers in Alton and Springfield; Northern Illinois University, in DeKalb; Illinois State University, in Normal; Western Illinois University, in Macomb; Eastern Illinois University, in Charleston; and Northeastern Illinois University, in Chicago. Among Illinois’s private institutions of higher learning are two of the most prestigious schools in the United States: Northwestern University, in the Chicago suburb of Evanston, and the University of Chicago, in the city’s Hyde Park neighborhood. Chicago is also the site of Loyola University, DePaul University, the Illinois Institute of Technology, Roosevelt University, the School of the Art Institute of Chicago, and North Park University. Sports and Recreation The Prairie State has few spectacular scenic attractions. It does, however, have many lovely bluffs and wooded ravines along its rivers and lakes. Many of these places have been preserved as state parks. One of the most famous is Starved Rock. According to legend, a band of the Illinois people fled to the flat top of this rock to escape some Ottawa who wanted to avenge their chief’s murder. Surrounded by their enemies, they died of thirst and starvation. Among Illinois’s finest recreational offerings are the sandy beaches of Lake Michigan, from Chicago to the Wisconsin border. Many camping sites are located throughout the state. The Spoon River Valley Scenic Drive in central Illinois leads through the country made famous by the poet Edgar Lee Masters. Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site, near East St. Louis in southwestern Illinois, preserves a major archaeological site. It was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1982. The state’s professional sports teams, based in Chicago, have legions of devoted fans. They include the Cubs and White Sox in baseball; the Bulls and Sky in men’s and women’s basketball, respectively; the Bears in football; the Blackhawks in ice hockey; and the Fire in soccer. Across the state many sports fans also follow the university-level teams with almost equal interest. Arts and Cultural Sites Chicago, a major global artistic center, dominates culture in Illinois. Its opera and symphony orchestra are among the premier American musical organizations, and the Joffrey Ballet is a world-class dance institution. Chicago is known as a center for the blues and played a critical role in the development of jazz. The local theater scene in Chicago is respected for the works and the talent that emerge from it season after season. Theater companies, such as Lookingglass and Steppenwolf, produce original, award-winning plays, and their writers and actors have gained worldwide fame. Chicago is also known as a center for improv comedy performance, and the Second City improv comedy troupe has been a training ground for some of the most famous and successful comedians. The Art Institute of Chicago, Shedd Aquarium, Adler Planetarium, Museum of Science and Industry, and Field Museum of Natural History are all world-class museums. The museum buildings themselves are viewed as superior works of architecture, an art form for which Chicago is well regarded. The work of architects such as Louis Sullivan, Daniel Burnham, and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe brings thousands of tourists to Chicago every year. West of the Chicago city limits, in the suburb of Oak Park, are a number of structures designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, and south of Oak Park is the village of Riverside, designed by noted landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted. Chicago has been home to generations of writers. From the 1890s into the 21st century Theodore Dreiser, Carl Sandburg, Saul Bellow, Gwendolyn Brooks, Sandra Cisneros, and Studs Terkel, among many others, chronicled the lives of Chicagoans through novels, short stories, poetry, and nonfiction. Colleges and universities located around the state offer cultural opportunities through their theater, music, and art programs. Several communities have symphony orchestras. The Elgin Symphony Orchestra is regarded as one of the finest community ensembles in the region, and Belleville has the second oldest symphony orchestra in the country. The homes of presidents can be seen in Galena (Ulysses S. Grant) and in Springfield (Abraham Lincoln). New Salem, near Springfield, is a preservation of the community of log cabins in which Lincoln spent much of his young manhood. For brief biographies of some notable people of Illinois, click here. Economy Illinois has a diversified economy, with strengths in manufacturing, agriculture, transportation, technology, and services, including finance and tourism. This diversity generally provides greater stability at times when other states with more narrowly based industries suffer. Agriculture Illinois has ranked among the chief agricultural states since about 1850. Farms cover about three-fourths of the state’s area. Its abundant crop yields are due largely to the rich black soil and level fields of the Corn Belt, an ideal terrain for agricultural machinery. Illinois is a national leader in the production of corn and soybeans, its most valuable crops. Wheat is grown extensively in the west and southwest, oats in the north. Hayfields are found throughout the state. Apples, peaches, and other fruits and vegetables are also grown. Illinois ranks high among the states in the production of hogs. Cattle and calves are raised for both meat and dairy products. Industry Beginning in the second half of the 20th century, Illinois, like many other U.S. states, experienced an ongoing decline in manufacturing. Hundreds of thousands of jobs were lost as companies moved overseas and to states where business costs were lower. However, manufacturing still remains a significant sector of the state’s economy. One of the chief industries in the state had its beginning in 1847 when John Deere founded a shop in Moline to sell plows and Cyrus McCormick set up a reaper (harvester) plant in Chicago. Plows, harvesters, and other farm implements made in Illinois are used all over the world. The state is a leader in the manufacture of agricultural and construction machinery. Other important industries in Illinois include food and beverage processing and the manufacture of chemicals, fabricated metal products, petroleum and coal products, computer and electronic products, and plastics and rubber products. Illinois ranks among the top states in the country in coal reserves, particularly bituminous (soft) coal. It is estimated that coal deposits lie underneath more than two-thirds of the state, but most of the production is in the central and southern sections. Illinois has only small reserves of petroleum, but it is a regional leader in petroleum refining. The state is also one of the country’s top producers of ethanol. Valuable nonfuel minerals produced in Illinois include crushed stone, cement, and sand and gravel. Nuclear power generates more than half the state’s electrical power. Illinois has 11 nuclear power reactors, more than any other state. Argonne National Laboratory, near Lemont, and Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), in Batavia, are major research and development installations of the U.S. Department of Energy. Services The economy of Illinois, like that of most other U.S. states, is dominated by the broad-based service sector. Chicago is a center of finance and insurance. It is the seat of the seventh district of the Federal Reserve System and is home to the Chicago Stock Exchange, the Chicago Board Options Exchange, and the Chicago Board of Trade, which is the country’s oldest commodity market. Other major service activities include tourism, real estate, government, professional and business services, and health care. Transportation Because of its central location, Illinois has long been a key link in the inland waterways of North America. It lies between the continent’s two largest systems—the Great Lakes on the northeast and the Mississippi River on the west. Between these is the Illinois River, navigable for more than 270 miles (430 kilometers) from its junction with the Mississippi at Grafton. To connect this river with Lake Michigan, the Illinois and Michigan Canal was opened in 1848. In 1900 this canal was replaced by the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, which reversed the flow of the Chicago River and connected the south branch of that river with the Des Plaines River (a tributary of the Illinois). The federal government acquired the canal in 1930, and after improvements were made, in 1933 the entire water highway from Lake Michigan to the Mississippi became known as the Illinois Waterway. Its importance increased when Chicago became a port for oceangoing ships through the opening of the St. Lawrence Seaway in 1959. The first railroad in the state was the state-owned Northern Cross, which made its first run in late 1838. Chicago got its start as a railroad center in 1848 when a steam railroad began operating on a short line west of the city. Four years later the first passenger train from the East arrived in Chicago. Meanwhile, in 1850, Congress granted the state more than 2.5 million acres (1 million hectares) of land to aid in railroad construction. The Illinois Central Railroad was organized in 1851, and by 1856 it had completed a line from Chicago to Cairo. Today the total railroad mileage in Illinois is among the country’s most extensive. The most important path in the Illinois region was Portage Trail, between the headwaters of the Illinois and Chicago rivers. It had been used by the Native Americans long before the coming of Europeans. Another route across the northern part of the region was the Great Sauk Trail. It began near the site of Rock Island and ran eastward around the southern end of Lake Michigan then swerved up to Canada. Its counterpart in the south was the St. Louis Trace, or Vincennes Trail, which led from the Ohio River opposite present-day Louisville, Kentucky, to the Mississippi River at Cahokia. Hubbard’s Trace, the link between downstate and Chicago, was blazed by fur trader Gurdon Hubbard from Danville to Fort Dearborn in 1822–24. Vandalia was the western terminus of the National Pike, or Cumberland Road, for many years. Illinois is now served by a network of state and federal highways. The heaviest concentration of roads is in the Chicago area. In 1953 the State Toll Highway Authority was established. It maintains and operates the more than 280-mile (450-kilometer) Illinois Tollway System, which serves Chicago and northern Illinois. Chicago is also a major aviation center. Its two major airports are O’Hare International, one of the world’s busiest, and Midway International. Regional airports are located at Champaign-Urbana, Bloomington-Normal, Springfield, and other cities. Government The first capital of Illinois was Kaskaskia, which served from 1818 to 1820, when it was replaced by Vandalia. In 1837 Springfield was selected as the new capital, but the actual transfer was not made until 1839. Illinois is governed under its fourth constitution, which was adopted in 1970. The chief executive is the governor, who is elected every four years and may serve multiple terms, either consecutive or not. The legislature consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives. Before 1983 each of 59 Illinois districts elected one state senator and three representatives. This created a legislature that some thought to be large and cumbersome. As a result, in 1980, the voters approved a measure that reduced the number of representatives to one from each of 118 districts. The number of senators remained at 59, each of their districts now comprising two representative districts. The Supreme Court, composed of seven justices, heads the judiciary. Notable politicians in Illinois have included Richard J. Daley, who served as mayor of Chicago for six terms (1955–76). His son Richard M. Daley became Chicago’s longest-serving mayor. He was in office from 1989 to 2011. The city elected its first African American mayor, Harold Washington, in 1983. In 2019 Lori Lightfoot became the first African American woman to serve as the city’s mayor. She was also the first openly gay person to hold that office. In the governor’s office no one served longer than Jim Thompson, a Republican (1977–91). Democrat Rod Blagojevich (2003–09) was the first governor in Illinois to be impeached and removed from office. Abraham Lincoln and Ulysses S. Grant were the only U.S. presidents elected from Illinois until 2008, when Senator Barack Obama was elected to the office. The only Illinois-born president was Ronald Reagan of Tampico. Adlai E. Stevenson, a former Illinois governor, was the losing Democratic presidential candidate in the 1952 and 1956 elections. History Paleo-Indians lived in what is now southern Illinois as early as 8000 bc. People of the Mississippian culture built Cahokia in southwestern Illinois near East St. Louis. It was the largest Native American city north of Mexico before the arrival of Europeans. The site consisted of about 120 earth mounds spread over 6 square miles (16 square kilometers). The largest of the Cahokia mounds is Monks Mound, which is about 1,000 feet (300 meters) long and 100 feet (30 meters) high. It was used as a foundation for ceremonial buildings. Scattered across the state are many smaller effigy mounds and burial mounds. When Europeans entered the region during the late 1600s, they found many Native Americans living in the area. The most important group was the Illinois, a loose confederation of several Algonquian-speaking tribes including the Cahokia, Kaskaskia, Michigamea, Peoria, and Tamaroa. (See also Northeast Indians.) European Exploration and Settlement The first Europeans to cross the Illinois prairies were Father Jacques Marquette and Louis Jolliet. From the Mississippi River they traveled up the Illinois, Des Plaines, and Chicago rivers to the site of Chicago on Lake Michigan in 1673. Beginning in 1680, another French explorer, René-Robert Cavelier, sieur de La Salle, built forts on Starved Rock and Lake Peoria, claiming the region for France. A French mission was founded at Cahokia in 1699. This became the earliest permanent European settlement in Illinois and the first center of French life in the upper Mississippi Valley. Kaskaskia was founded four years later. Illinois first became a political unit when it was made a district of the French province of Louisiana in 1717. By 1750 the region contained some 2,000 French people and a few enslaved Africans. After the French and Indian War ended in 1763, France surrendered its claim to the territory east of the Mississippi. However, the French settlers remained in their settlements, and the British made no serious attempt to organize the region. In 1778, during the American Revolution, the capture by American forces of Kaskaskia made Illinois a county of Virginia. In 1787 the entire region was made a part of the Northwest Territory. From 1800 to 1809 Illinois was included in the Indiana Territory. It became a separate territory in 1809. From the end of the American Revolution until Illinois was admitted to the Union in 1818, settlement was confined largely to the southern third of the area. Most of the newcomers were Americans from the Southern and Southeastern states. In the 1770s the settlement that later became Chicago was founded by Jean-Baptist-Point Du Sable, a West Indian trapper of French and African ancestry. The only community in the north developed around Fort Dearborn, which was established in 1803 near the site of his Lake Michigan trading post. Statehood On December 3, 1818, Illinois was admitted to the Union as the 21st state. Nathaniel Pope, territorial delegate to Congress, succeeded in having the northern boundary set at 42° 30′ instead of at 41° 39′. By this change a 60-mile (97-kilometer) strip, including the site of Chicago, became part of Illinois instead of Wisconsin. At this time the population of the new state was about 40,000, with most people concentrated along the Mississippi, Wabash, and Ohio rivers and primarily engaged in the fur trade. During the next few years, however, many settlements were made in the central third of the state. Galena, in the northwest, drew hundreds of people to work in the lead mines after a large-scale smelter was established in 1823. The northern part of the state was mostly wilderness until the opening of the Erie Canal in 1825. After that, many New Englanders came to northern Illinois by way of the Great Lakes. This settlement provoked the Black Hawk War in 1832, the last Native American uprising in the state. Sauk and Meskwaki (or Fox) Indians led by Black Hawk won the Battle of Stillman’s Run but were eventually forced to retreat across the Mississippi permanently. Mormons founded the town of Nauvoo on the Mississippi River in 1839. Friction developed between them and their Gentile (non-Mormon) neighbors. Joseph and Hyrum Smith, Mormon leaders, were killed by a mob at Carthage in 1844. Two years later the Mormons began their long journey west to Utah. (See also Joseph Smith.) In 1858 the whole country became interested in the debates on slavery staged in seven Illinois cities by Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas, who were bitter opponents for the U.S. Senate. Although Lincoln lost the race, he was elected the 16th president in 1860 and directed the country through the American Civil War. The military commander of the Union forces was General Ulysses S. Grant, who owned a home in Galena. (He later became the 18th president of the United States.) John A. Logan was another Civil War general from Illinois. In 1865 Illinois was the first state to ratify the 13th Amendment to the Constitution, abolishing slavery. Illinois attracted large numbers of European immigrants in the years before the Civil War. Most of these were Germans, Irish, and Scandinavians, who settled in the northern half of the state. Other waves of immigrants arrived in the late 1800s and early 1900s. These people, chiefly from central and southern Europe, settled in the larger cities to work in factories and mills. The Modern State After the Civil War agricultural production grew rapidly, but industrial expansion made even greater strides. The rise of industrialization brought on a number of strikes and riots. Two of the most serious incidents were the Haymarket Riot of 1886 and the Pullman Strike in 1894. The Haymarket Riot was a violent confrontation between police and labor protesters in Haymarket Square in Chicago. The riot became a symbol of the international struggle for workers’ rights. The Pullman Strike occurred after the owner of the Pullman Palace Car Company, a manufacturer of railroad cars, decided to cut his employees’ wages but not the rent they paid in the company town near Chicago. The widespread strike and boycott that ensued severely disrupted rail traffic in the Midwest for several months and ended only after federal troops had been sent to Chicago. The champion of the working class during these troubled times was John P. Altgeld. His term as governor (1893–97) was the only Democratic administration in Illinois between 1857 and 1913. Chicago suffered a disastrous fire in 1871, but it was quickly rebuilt and for a time was the second largest city in the Western Hemisphere. Its world’s fairs of 1893 and 1933–34 drew much attention. But in the 1920s and ’30s the city was also notorious for bootleg liquor and organized crime. In the 1960s Martin Luther King, Jr., focused his open-housing campaign in Chicago because of persistent discrimination against its large Black population. Illinois has had many leaders in social reform. Among them were Frances Willard, temperance worker; Jane Addams, social worker; Dwight Moody, evangelist; Jesse Jackson, activist; and Ida B. Wells-Barnett, anti-lynching crusader who also worked for Black woman suffrage. In the political realm, however, corruption and fraud, committed by both Democratic and Republican officials, have been frequent problems, earning the state a checkered national reputation. Many state and local officials have served prison time, and three governors in the late 20th and early 21st centuries have been convicted of federal felonies; one, Rod Blagojevich, was impeached. Despite these setbacks, Illinois continued to wield significant influence in the nationwide political scene. Barack Obama, a U.S. senator from Illinois, was elected president of the United States in 2008. He was the first African American to hold the office. Obama won reelection in 2012. In 2020 Illinois faced a crisis as a new coronavirus spread around the globe. Illinois was one of the U.S. states hardest hit during the coronavirus pandemic. By mid-2022 it had recorded more than 3,300,000 cases of COVID-19, the illness caused by the virus, and more than 38,000 deaths. (See also United States, “North Central Plains.”) Some Notable People of Illinois Jane Addams (1860–1935) Social reformer Jane Addams worked to help immigrants succeed in their new country. Addams was educated in Rockford, Illinois. During her travels in London, England, with Ellen Gates Starr, they visited Toynbee Hall, where university graduates lived and helped residents of a poor neighborhood. Inspired, Addams and Starr returned to Chicago and created Hull House in 1889. Hull House offered a day-care center, a kindergarten, an employment agency, and college-level classes. Addams worked for many other social causes and won part of the 1931 Nobel Prize for Peace. (See also Jane Addams.) Black Hawk (1767–1838) A chief of the Sauk people, Black Hawk led a band of Native Americans who refused to be forced from their homeland by white settlers. He was born near the mouth of the Rock River in what is now Illinois. In 1804 several members of the Sauk and Meskwaki tribes signed a treaty ceding all their lands east of the Mississippi River to the United States. Some of the Indians resettled across the river in what is now Iowa, but Black Hawk rejected the treaty. He was driven across the river in 1831 but led a faction of Sauk and Meskwaki back across the Mississippi the following year. This act led to the Black Hawk War of 1832. He survived the war, which ended with a massacre of Indians at the Bad Axe River in what is now Wisconsin. Black Hawk was imprisoned for a time but later was allowed to return to Iowa. (See also Black Hawk.) Carol Moseley Braun (born 1947) Politician Carol Moseley Braun was the first African American woman elected to the U.S. Senate. Braun was raised and educated in Chicago. She worked as an assistant U.S. attorney before she was elected to the Illinois House of Representatives in 1978. Braun was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1992, but her record was tarnished by accusations of corruption. She was not reelected but served as U.S. ambassador to New Zealand from 1999 to 2001. (See also Carol Moseley Braun.) Michael Jordan (born 1963) Michael Jordan was one of the best basketball players of all time. Jordan grew up in North Carolina and was twice named college basketball player of the year at the University of North Carolina. He played for the Chicago Bulls beginning in the 1984–85 season. Jordan led the Bulls to six NBA championships (1991–93, 1996–98). He was named Most Valuable Player (MVP) of each championship series. Jordan retired in 2003 with 32,292 points and 10 scoring titles. (See also Michael Jordan.) Percy Julian (1899–1975) Percy Julian was a chemist best known for creating products using soybeans. Julian earned a Ph.D. in 1931, during a time when it was very hard for African Americans to receive a good education. In 1936 he accepted a job at a company in Chicago, and he spent the rest of his career in the Chicago area. Julian’s greatest discovery was how to synthesize cortisone, a steroid used to treat arthritis, using soybeans. Julian was active in the civil rights movement and became the second African American member of the National Academy of Sciences. Abraham Lincoln (1809–65) Abraham Lincoln served as the 16th president of the United States and is widely considered the greatest U.S. president. Although Lincoln had less than a year of formal schooling, he was a voracious reader and educated himself. He studied law and became a lawyer in 1836. Lincoln practiced law in Springfield and entered politics in the 1830s. In 1860 he ran for president and won. Lincoln’s antislavery stance caused many Southern states to secede from the Union, and the American Civil War began. Lincoln steered the country through the war, leading the way to the abolition of slavery. (See also Abraham Lincoln.) Michelle Obama (born 1964) Michelle Obama was the first African American first lady of the United States. She was born and raised in Chicago. She was working as an attorney at a Chicago law firm when she met Barack Obama in 1989. They married in 1992. Michelle worked for the city of Chicago and the University of Chicago before she left her legal career to help Barack with his 2008 presidential campaign, which he won. As first lady she promoted healthy eating and started the “Let’s Move!” campaign to help end childhood obesity. (See also Michelle Obama.) Maria Tallchief (1925–2013) Maria Tallchief was considered one of the greatest ballerinas of the United States. Tallchief was born on an Osage Indian reservation in Oklahoma. She began dancing at a young age, and in 1942 she joined a touring company based in New York City. Tallchief danced for professional companies, mostly the New York City Ballet, until her retirement in 1965 and went on to become a noted ballet teacher in Chicago. She founded the ballet school of the Lyric Opera and was artistic director of the Chicago City Ballet (1981–87). (See also Maria Tallchief.) Frank Lloyd Wright (1867–1959) Frank Lloyd Wright was one of the most influential architects of the 20th century. In 1893 Wright opened his architecture firm in Chicago. Many of his early works used the “Prairie style” of architecture. Architects employing this style create structures that are low-lying and blend into their surroundings. Wright became famous as the creator of “organic architecture,” his phrase that indicates that the building should harmonize with its inhabitants and its surroundings. Wright was a great originator and highly productive. He designed some 800 buildings, and 8 of them have been declared UNESCO World Heritage sites. (See also Frank Lloyd Wright.)
wrong_mix_domain_birth_00112	FactBench	0	42	https://www.instagram.com/p/CdtL84dulrK/	en	Draft Prospect: EJ Liddell - Player Details: •Primary Position: PF •Height: 6’7 •Weight: 240 LBS •Age: 21 •Class: Junior •Birthplace:...	https://scontent.cdninst…VpCA&oe=66A6278C	https://scontent.cdninst…VpCA&oe=66A6278C	[]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	1,273 likes, 38 comments - chicagobullscentral on May 18, 2022: "Draft Prospect: EJ Liddell - Player Details: •Primary Position: PF •Height: 6’7 •Weight: 240 LBS •Age: 21 •Class: Junior •Birthplace: Belleville, IL - 2021-22 Stats: •19.4 PTS •7.9 REB •2.5 AST •2.6 BLK •49% FG •37.4% 3P - Strengths: Physical, Great Awareness, Good Floor Vision, High Motor, Mobile/Quick, Excellent Shot-Blocking, Solid FT Shooter, Small Ball Center, Spot-Up Shooter, Pick-and-Pop Shooter, Above Average 3P Shooter, Solid Rebounder, Lob Threat. Weakness: Lack Explosiveness, Undersized (NBA Standard), Foul Prone, Footwork, Right-Hand Dominant. (via NBADraft.Net) - Player Comparison: Paul Millsap/PJ Washington (via TheRinger) - Follow @ChicagoBullsCentral For More!".	en	https://static.cdninstag…/VsNE-OHk_8a.png	Instagram	https://www.instagram.com/p/CdtL84dulrK/?img_index=chicagobullscentral
wrong_mix_domain_birth_00112	FactBench	2	6	https://bedtimehistorystories.com/the-history-of-michael-jordan-for-kids/	en	The History of Michael Jordan for Kids	https://bedtimehistoryst…pofsky_16577.jpg	https://bedtimehistoryst…pofsky_16577.jpg	[ "https://staging.postmodernpulpit.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/logo-with-transparent-background.png", "https://bedtimehistorystories.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Michael_Jordan_-_Laney_High_School_1980_-_02.jpg", "https://bedtimehistorystories.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Jordan_by_Lipofsky_16577.jpg", "https://bedtimehistorystories.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Chicago_Bulls_-_New_Jersey_Nets_match_on_March_28_1991.jpg", "https://bedtimehistorystories.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Michael_Jordan_in_2014.jpg", "https://bedtimehistorystories.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/logo-with-purple-background.png" ]	[ "https://www.youtube.com/embed/1StyBOsMSLE?si=qhLhetlyjzJGyS7_", "https://embed.podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/michael-jordan/id1155392992?i=1000417205064" ]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "hawk99" ]	2021-06-30T03:55:42+00:00	Close your eyes and imagine you are a basketball player racing down the court with your team. From the stands, a huge crowd is watching and cheering and millions more are watching you on TV. You’ve played hard all night. You’re sweating and breathing heavily. Your legs ache and you want to take a break, […]	en	https://bedtimehistoryst…56-1-1-32x32.png	Bedtime History: Podcast and Videos For Kids	https://bedtimehistorystories.com/the-history-of-michael-jordan-for-kids/	Close your eyes and imagine you are a basketball player racing down the court with your team. From the stands, a huge crowd is watching and cheering and millions more are watching you on TV. You’ve played hard all night. You’re sweating and breathing heavily. Your legs ache and you want to take a break, but you know you’ve got to keep going. It’s the championship game for all colleges across the United States. The game is tied, there are only a few seconds left, and your team is losing by one point! The clock is running. You dodge your opponent to an open spot on the court. The point guard sees you open. The ball is flying across the court toward you. You grab it, jump, take aim for the basket, and shoot. The ball spins gracefully through the air and falls through hoop! You made the shot! The crowd goes wild! With seventeen seconds left your team wins the game. Your teammates pick you up and carry you off the court in celebration. This was the winning moment that made North Carolina freshman Mike Jordan into Michael Jordan, who became the most famous basketball player of all time. Early Life Michael Jordan was born on February 17, 1963, in Brooklyn, New York. He was the fourth of five children in his family. When he was just a toddler, his family moved to Wilmington, North Carolina. When Michael tried out for the school’s basketball team they said he was too short to play and he didn’t make the team. Instead of feeling bad for himself, Michael worked harder. He practiced every day and made the team the next year. Eventually, he became the star of his basketball team. He trained very hard and by the time he was in his final year of high school colleges were asking him to come play for them. College Basketball After receiving many offers, Michael accepted a basketball scholarship to North Carolina University. A scholarship is where a college pays for all of your schooling. In college, Michael studied geography and played on the basketball team. He helped his team make it to the championship game. During the final seventeen seconds, his team was losing but Michael took a jump shot and won the game! Scoring the winning shot made Michael famous, and after college, he joined the Chicago Bulls, a professional basketball team. Chicago Bulls and “Air Jordan” From the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s, everyone loved to watch Michael Jordan play basketball. Because he could jump so high, he earned the nicknames “Air Jordan”, “His Airness” or just “MJ.” He had amazing leaping abilities and could do slam dunks from the free throw line in slam dunk contests. During games, he was known for doing trick dunks and dunking over other players. He also used other trick moves like the reverse layup. During the summer of 1984, Jordan played for the U.S. Olympic basketball team. The team won the gold medal at the games that year, which were held in Los Angeles. In the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona Spain Jordan and his team became known as the “Dream Team” and won their second gold medal there. Popular Brands Over the years, Michael worked with several large brands in their advertisements, including Nike, Hanes, Upper Deck, Gatorade, Coca-Cola, McDonald’s, Chevrolet, and Wheaties. He even acted in a few movies like Michael Jordan’s Playground and Space Jam. The movie mixed live action and animation and had Michael act with cartoon legends Bugs Bunny and Daffy Duck on screen. Nike created a whole line of shoes and sports clothes named “Air Jordan” after him. Many kids at the time wanted to be like Michael Jordan and wear the shoes with his name. In 1985, even though he was a very wealthy basketball player, Jordan knew school was important so made sure he finished the college degree in geography he had started. During his second season he tore his ACL and was hurt badly, but after this went on to become the first player since Wilt Chamberlin to score more than 3,000 points in a single season. Family Life In 1989, Michael Jordan was married and later had three children. He was close with his children and taught them to play basketball too. Many years later Michael’s oldest son, Jeffrey, made the basketball team at the University of Illinois. Michael always tried to help his children do their own thing and not feel they needed to be as successful as he was or successful in the same way. He said that the thing that he has tried to tell his children is that they should set their own expectations. Expectations are strong beliefs of something you want for yourself in the future. By the late 1980s, the Chicago Bulls were becoming the team to beat and Jordan was a huge part of the team’s success. The Bulls made it to the Eastern Conference Finals in 1990 and won their first NBA championship the following year by beating the Los Angeles Lakers. A NBA superstar, Jordan became known for his power and agility on the court as well as for his leadership abilities. During his time on the Chicago Bulls team, Michael Jordan led his team to six NBA championships and he won the Most Valuable Player Award in the tournament five times. He became the most famous basketball player in the world and kids everywhere were inspired to play basketball like Michael Jordan and dress like him and wear his number, 23. At one game Michael Jordan wore a nameless no. 12 jersey because his no. 23 jersey had been stolen! One funny fact about Michael is he was known for sticking his tongue out when driving to the basket or dunking a ball. In 1993 Michael’s father died and this was a very hard time for him and his family. After many years of success playing basketball, Michael retired and decided to play minor-league baseball. He played for a team called the Birmingham Barons, as an outfielder. Return to NBA In March 1995, after a short time playing baseball, Michael returned to the basketball court, and re-joined the Chicago Bulls. He eventually helped them win the championship against the Seattle Sonics in the 1995 to 96 season. In 1997 during the NBA Finals, Michael became sick with the flu. Many didn’t know if he would play this very important game against the Utah Jazz. His trainers told him he should take a break and get feeling better. But Michael wanted to help his team and played anyway. There were many times when he could barely stand during the game, but he ended up scoring 38 baskets and helped his team win the game. The next year was 1998 and Michael Jordan and the Chicago Bulls were in the last game of the NBA Finals again. This would be Jordan’s last game playing for The Bulls. The Bulls were losing to the Utah Jazz by one point and there were only 5 seconds left before the game was over. Jordan maneuvered back and forth, then took a jump shot and made the basket! The Bulls won the game thanks to Michael! After retiring from the Bulls, Jordan played a few years later for the Washington Wizards. He donated all of the money he made to families and those who suffered during the September 11th attacks. In April 2009, Jordan received one of basketball’s greatest honors: He was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. Attending the induction ceremony was a happy but sad time for Jordan because being at the event meant “your basketball career is completely over,” he explained. In 2003, Michael retired from basketball for a second time. He decided to focus on his businesses, including owning a basketball team. Michael Jordan is still considered a basketball legend. He was known for his competitiveness and his very strong work ethic. He spent hours watching videos of his opponents so that he could learn how to defend them. He also had a special “Love of the Game Clause” written into his basketball contracts that said he was allowed to play basketball against anyone at any time, anywhere. This was rare and unusual for a player to request, but Michael loved basketball so much that he didn’t want to be limited by his contract from what he could do. Inspirational Figure Michael Jordan was successful because he had a natural talent and a drive to succeed. He worked hard every day toward his goal of becoming the best basketball player in the world. People respected his work ethic and his drive helped him become one of the greatest basketball players of all time. Remember, he didn’t make the basketball team the first time, but kept working at it until he became better despite being short at the time. One of Michael Jordan’s most famous quotes is: “I’ve missed more than 9000 shots in my career. I’ve lost almost 300 games. 26 times, I’ve been trusted to take the game-winning shot and missed. I’ve failed over and over and over again in my life. And that is why I succeed.” Even if you fail at something, that is okay, because you tried. Everyone who is good at anything has failed many times, but they keep trying and trying and getting better. Not doing something right the first time is okay. You’ll never become better at anything if you aren’t afraid to mess up sometimes. Is there something that you love to do that you would like to become even better at? Is there a sport or activity that you would like to turn into a career when you are older? Practice those things that are interesting to you and focus on becoming the best that you can. The important thing, as Michael Jordan said to his kids, is to set your own goals and your expectations for yourself.
wrong_mix_domain_birth_00112	FactBench	1	59	https://basketball.fandom.com/wiki/SkyDome	en	SkyDome	https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/nba/images/e/e6/Site-logo.png/revision/latest?cb=20221019233314	https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/nba/images/e/e6/Site-logo.png/revision/latest?cb=20221019233314	[ "https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/nba/images/e/e6/Site-logo.png/revision/latest?cb=20221019233314", "https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/6a181c72-e8bf-419b-b4db-18fd56a0eb60", "https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/6c42ce6a-b205-41f5-82c6-5011721932e7", "https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/464fc70a-5090-490b-b47e-0759e89c263f", "https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/f7bb9d33-4f9a-4faa-88fe-2a0bd8138668" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Contributors to Basketball Wiki" ]	null	Rogers Centre (formerly known as SkyDome) is a multi-purpose stadium, in Downtown Toronto, Ontario, situated next to the CN Tower, near the shores of Lake Ontario. Opened in 1989, it is home to the Toronto Blue Jays of Major League Baseball and the American League, and the Toronto Argonauts of...	en	/skins-ucp/mw139/common/favicon.ico	Basketball Wiki	https://basketball.fandom.com/wiki/SkyDome	Rogers Centre (formerly known as SkyDome) is a multi-purpose stadium, in Downtown Toronto, Ontario, situated next to the CN Tower, near the shores of Lake Ontario. Opened in 1989, it is home to the Toronto Blue Jays of Major League Baseball and the American League, and the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League (CFL). From 2008–2012, the Buffalo Bills of the National Football League (NFL) are scheduled to play at the stadium for eight games (five regular-season and two pre-season) as part of the Bills Toronto Series. While it is primarily a sports venue, it also hosts other large-scale events such as conventions, trade fairs, concerts, funfairs, and monster truck shows. The stadium was renamed "Rogers Centre" following the purchase of the stadium by Rogers Communications, which also bought the Toronto Blue Jays, in 2005.[4] The venue was noted for being the first stadium to have a fully retractable motorized roof, as well as for the 348-room hotel attached to it, with 70 rooms overlooking the field. It is also the most recent North American major-league stadium built to accommodate both football and baseball. The stadium will be the centrepiece of the 2015 Pan American Games as the site of the opening and closing ceremonies.[5] History[] The SkyDome, called the Rogers Centre since 2005, was designed by architect Rod Robbie and structural engineer Michael Allen and was constructed by the EllisDon Construction company of London, Ontario and the Dominion Bridge Company of Lachine, Quebec. The stadium's construction lasted about two and a half years, from October 1986 to May 1989. The approximate cost of construction was C$570 million which was paid for by the federal government, Ontario provincial government, the City of Toronto, and a large consortium of corporations.[6] Background[] The idea for building an enclosed sports venue came following the Grey Cup game in November 1982, held at the outdoor Exhibition Stadium. The game was plagued by terrible weather that affected the patrons, who were viewing from stands that were not sheltered. Thousands spent most of the game in the concession section of the stadium, the crowd was drenched, and the washrooms were overflowing, which was on the whole a bad experience for the fans. In attendance that day was then-Ontario Premier Bill Davis, and the poor conditions were seen by over 7,862,000 television viewers in Canada (at the time the largest TV audience ever in Canada).[7] The following day, at a rally at Toronto City Hall, tens of thousands of people who were there to see the Toronto Argonauts began to chant, "We want a dome! We want a dome!" So too did others who began to discuss the possibility of an all-purpose, all-weather stadium. Seven months later, in June 1983, Premier Davis formally announced that a three-person committee would look into the feasibility of building a domed stadium at Exhibition Place. The committee consisted of Paul Godfrey, Larry Grossman and former Ontario Hydro chairman Hugh Macaulay.[8] Over the next few years various tangible projects emerged, including a large indoor stadium at Exhibition Place with an air-supported dome, similar to BC Place in Vancouver. In 1985 an international design competition was launched to design a new stadium, along with selection of a site for the stadium. Some of the proposed sites included Exhibition Place, Downsview Airport, and York University. The final site was located at the base of the CN Tower not far from Union Station, a major railway and transit hub. The land was a major Canadian National Railway rail switching yard encompassing the CNR Spadina Roundhouse (the desolate downtown lands were part of a master plan for revitalizing the area which includes CityPlace). The price would be $150 million. Ultimately the Robbie/Allen concept won because it provided the largest roof opening of all the finalists, and it was the most technically sound. Stadium construction[] Construction was done by lead contractor Ellis Don. Several factors complicated the construction: The lands housed a functioning water pumping station that needed to be relocated, the soil was contaminated from a century of industrial use, railway buildings needed to be torn down or moved, and the site was rich with archaeological finds. One of the most complex issues was moving the John St. pumping station across the street to its new home south of the stadium. Foundations to the stadium were being poured even as the facility (located in the infield area) continued to function, as construction on its new location had yet to be completed. Because the stadium was the first of its kind in the world, the architects and engineers kept the design simple (by using a sturdy dome shape) and used proven technologies to move the roof. It was important that the design would work and be reliable as to avoid the various problems that plagued Montreal's Olympic Stadium. The 31-storey high roof consists of four panels; one (on the North end) is fixed in place and the other three are moved by electrically driven 'train' engines, that run on high strength railway rails. The roof, which takes 20 minutes to open, was made out of steel trusses covered by corrugated steel cladding, which in turn is covered by a single-ply PVC membrane. Stadium financing[] The stadium was funded by a public/private partnership, with the government paying the largest percentage of the tab. The initial cost was greatly underestimated, with the final tab coming in at C$570 million. All three levels of government (Metro Toronto, Provincial, Federal) initially contributed $30 million. This does not include the actual value of the land the stadium sits on (as it was part of a deal with the Crown agency – CN Rail). Canada's three main breweries (Labatt's, Molsons, and Carling O'Keefe) each paid $5 million to help fund the stadium. In addition 28 Canadian corporations (selected by invitation only – no tendering of contract) also contributed $5 million, for which they received one of the 161 Skyboxes with four parking spaces (for ten years, with an opportunity for renewal) and a 99 year exclusive option on stadium advertising. Skyboxes initially leased for $150,000 up to $225,000 a year in 1989 – plus the cost of tickets for all events. But the financing was not without controversy. First of all there was no public tender for supplies and equipment. Secondly, companies that paid the $5 million fee received 100% stadium exclusivity for the life of their contract that could be extended up to 99 years. Some of the companies that signed on included Coca-Cola, TSN and CIBC. This exclusivity even extended to advertising. This was most notable when Pepsi-Cola was banned from raising promotional banners during a Madonna concert performance. Many companies signed on without the contracts being bid on. Pepsi stated at the time that had they known the terms of the contract they would have paid far more than $5 million for the rights. Local media like NOW Magazine called the amount charged "scandalously low" (Now Dec 3-9, 1998). In a CBC Television interview in the days before the stadium, a member of the general public goes on to ponder "It will be interesting to see five years from now whose stadium it will be, Toronto's dome or a business centre like TD Centre". The stadium was completed two months late, having been planned to open for the first regular season Toronto Blue Jays game. Because of its location south of major railway corridor, new pedestrian connections had to be built; the infrastructure was part of the reason for the high cost of the stadium. Skywalk is a (1/2 km – est.) enclosed walkway that leads from the base of the CN Tower and via a bridge connects to Union Station (and is part of the PATH network). The John St. bridge was built to provide North/South passage over the rail tracks linking Front Street with the stadium. SkyDome opening[] The stadium officially opened on June 3, 1989 and hosted an official grand opening show: "The Opening of SkyDome: A Celebration". It was broadcast on CBC television the following evening hosted by Brian Williams. With a crowd of over 50,000 in attendance, it was the first test of the new facility. The event was a showcase of Canadian talent, and included performances from a wide variety of acts. The celebrities consisted of Alan Thicke, Oscar Peterson, Andrea Martin of SCTV, impersonator André-Philippe Gagnon and rock band Glass Tiger. The roof was opened by the Premier of the Province, David Peterson, who pointed a laser pen at the ceiling to officially 'open' it. The roof opened, exposing the crowd to a downpour of rain. This while a crowd of famous Canadians sang a song on stage that was written specifically for the opening, with the lyrics: "Open up, Open up the Dome". Yet as the crowd got increasingly wet, they could be heard chanting "Close the roof". But Stadco president Chuck Magwood insisted that the roof fully open. And once open, a group of civilian skydivers flew into the now soaked stadium often skidding across the concrete floor to the cheers of the audience. By the time the roof had opened, most of the crowd had sought refuge in the concourse areas and beneath the overhangs of the various parts of the structure. The event was broken down into the following acts: The Opening of SkyDome – A Celebration Act I – "Prelude to Forever" – "Oscar Peterson will perform this original composition with the Toronto Symphony." Act II – A Tribute to the Builders of SkyDome – "An Olympic-style entrance of those who represent the thousands of people responsible for the building of SkyDome." Act III – The Way We Were – "Featuring Theresa Pitt, the lead in Toronto’s company of Cats (the musical)." Act IV – "We are Toronto" – "From a small settlement and a few hundred settlers, Toronto has become a true window to the world. The people of Toronto representing sixty-eight nations will celebrate the Opening of SkyDome in their native costumes." Act V – "Open up the Dome" – "Liberty Silver and Tommy Ambrose will perform this very special celebration number and will be joined by our 3,500 volunteer performers." Act VI – "Open up the Dome" Finale – "Our host Alan Thicke will re-introduce the performers and will join in a final celebration of the Opening of SkyDome." Financial problems and fallout[] The stadium would later become a thorn in the side of David Peterson's Ontario Liberal government for its overspending in the venture. The Ontario Liberal Party was defeated by the Ontario New Democratic Party in the 1990 Ontario election. A review by the new Bob Rae government in October 1990 revealed that the stadium was so in debt that it would have to be booked 600 days a year to turn a profit. The stadium had only made $17 million in its first year of operations, while servicing the debt was costing $40 million. It was determined that the abrupt late inclusion by Stadco of a luxurious hotel and health club added an additional $112 million to the cost of the building. As the Province slipped into a recession, Bob Rae appointed University of Toronto professor Bruce Kidd and Bob White (then president of the Canadian Auto Workers) to the Stadco board to help deal with the stadium's growing debt. But by this time it was too late to reverse the costs. The completed stadium started life with a $165 million debt that ballooned to $400 million by 1993. The stadium became a huge liability to the Provincial Government, and as the economy soured, so did public support for the so-called "white elephant". In March 1994, Bob Rae's Ontario NDP government paid off all outstanding debts from the Provincial treasury, and sold the stadium for the massively discounted price of $151 million to a private consortium (including Labatt's parent company – Interbrew). In November 1998, the stadium filed for bankruptcy protection. One of the main reasons was that most of the Skybox contracts were up for renewal. Most of the 161 Skybox tenants had signed on for 10 year leases; this oversight in business planning, and a marked decrease in interest in the stadium's two sports teams, resulted in a massive decrease in the amount companies were willing to pay for the Skybox. In addition, the Air Canada Centre was under construction just down the road, and selling highly desired boxes for the civic favourite Toronto Maple Leafs and new upstart Toronto Raptors, who originally played in the SkyDome since their establishment in 1995. Many companies could not justify owning box suites at both stadiums. That same month, the Blue Jays re-signed on for an additional ten years in the facility.[citation needed] In late 1998, Sportsco International LP bought the stadium out of bankruptcy protection for $85 million. Purchase and renaming[] In 2004, Rogers Communications, parent company of the Blue Jays, acquired SkyDome from Sportsco for about $25 million – about 4% of the cost of construction. On February 2, 2005, Ted Rogers, President and CEO of Rogers Communications, announced that his company would significantly increase the team payroll upwards of $210 million over the next three seasons, beginning in the 2005 season, and announced a three-year corporate contract to change the name of SkyDome to the Rogers Centre. After the purchase Rogers refurbished the stadium by, among other things, replacing the once state-of-the-art Jumbotron with a Daktronics ProStar screen, and erecting other new monitors, including several built into the outfield wall. They also installed a new artificial playing surface called FieldTurf.[9] (The Blue Jays were thus the last MLB team to play on AstroTurf; their home venue has since returned to a newer version of AstroTurf that uses sand and rubber-based infill within its fibres.) In May 2005, the Toronto Argonauts agreed to three five-year leases at Rogers Centre, which could see the Argonauts playing out of Rogers Centre up to and including 2019. The team has the option to leave at the end of each of the three lease agreements. The Argos also announced that they will not move into a new stadium that was being planned at York University, a project which York subsequently cancelled. In November 2005, Rogers Centre received a complete makeover in the 100 Level concourse, making it larger. This required some seats to be removed, which lowered its capacity size. They also renovated 43 luxury boxes and converted some of them into larger party suites that can accommodate as many as 150 people.[10] The Blue Jays had planned for renovations in the winter of 2006 to the Blue Jays' clubhouse and weight room, and possibly the visitors' clubhouse; president Paul Godfrey also mentioned a potential long term project to add a façade to the exterior of the stadium, as its concrete exterior has been criticized for appearing cold and imposing.[11] In April 2006, the Rogers Centre became one of the first buildings of its size to adopt a completely smoke-free policy in Canada. The Rogers Centre made this decision in advance of an act of provincial legislature that required all Ontario public places to go smoke-free by June 1, 2006. Designated smoking rooms, or "puffers" as they were known, will no longer be available to patrons. As a result, smokers will no longer be able to smoke during events due to the pre-existing no pass-out policy, which does not allow for readmittance to the facility after exiting. The Rogers Centre was dry on April 7, 2009, as the province of Ontario imposed the first of a three-day alcohol suspension at the stadium, for "infractions (that) took place at certain past events," according to the press release.[12] Etymology[] The name "SkyDome" was coined by Kellie Watson, a private citizen of the town of Wallaceburg, Ontario, who entered a province-wide "name the stadium" contest in 1987. Sponsored by the Toronto Sun, ballots were offered for people to submit their suggested name. Over 150,000 entries were received with 12,897 different names. The selection committee narrowed it down to four choices: "Towerdome", Harbourdome, SkyDome, and simply "the Dome". The judges' final selection was SkyDome. Over 2,000 people proposed SkyDome, and as a result a winning name was drawn from all the similar entries. Premier David Peterson chose a name from a lottery barrel. The selected winner won lifetime seats to any event at SkyDome (including concerts). The two seats are located just behind home plate. In the press conference announcing the name, Chuck Magwood (president of the Stadium Corporation of Ontario) commented: "The sky is a huge part of the whole roof process. The name has a sense of the infinite and that's what this is all about". Stadium features[] The venue was the first major team sports arena in North America to sport a functional, fully retractable roof (Montreal's Olympic Stadium also had a retractable roof, but due to operational issues, it was replaced with a permanent roof). The roof is composed of four panels and covers an area of 345,000 sq.ft. The two middle panels slide laterally to stack over the north semi-circular panel, and then the south semi-circular panel rotates around the stadium and nests inside the stack. It takes 20 minutes for the roof to open or close. Even though the retractable roof would in theory permit the use of natural grass, in practice it is not feasible since the stadium was designed as a closed structure with a roof that opens, and as such the interior was not intended or built to deal with weather. As a result, the stadium has always used artificial turf. The original AstroTurf installation was replaced with FieldTurf from 2005 to 2010. The FieldTurf took about 40 hours to remove for events such as concerts or trade shows, as it used 1,400 trays that needed to be stacked and transported off the field. Prior to the 2010 baseball season, to reduce the amount of time required to convert the playing field, a new, roll-based version of AstroTurf was installed. Similar to FieldTurf, the current installation uses a sand and rubber-based infill within the synthetic fibres.[13] The Rogers Centre is one of two remaining venues in Major League Baseball using artificial turf (the other one is Tropicana Field in St. Petersburg, Florida). There are a total of 5,700 club seats and 161 luxury suites at Rogers Centre. The complex had a Hard Rock Café restaurant (the restaurant closed when its lease expired at the end of 2009).[14] The Renaissance Toronto Hotel is also located within Rogers Centre, with 70 rooms overlooking the field.[15] Over $5 million of artwork was commissioned in 1989: The Audience – by Michael Snow is a collection of larger than life depictions of fans located above the northeast and northwest entrances. Painted gold, the sculptures show fans in various acts of celebration. A Tribute to Baseball – by Lutz Haufschild – located above the Southeast and Southwest entrances of Gate 5. The Art of the Possible – by Mimi Gellman – located inside along the north side of the concourse on Level 100. The glass and steel sculpture incorporates the signatures of 2000 builders of SkyDome, and is a tribute to their work. Some of the artifacts found during excavation such as musket balls and pottery have also been included. The brightly illuminated sculpture became an issue to baseball players when the stadium first opened. The bright lights were considered a distraction to batters. Salmon Run – by Susan Schelle, located outside by the South East entrance; it is a large fountain that has various stainless steel salmon cutouts. Spiral Fountain – by Judith Schwarz. Seating capacity[] Baseball[] 50,516 (1989-1998)[16] 45,100 (1999-2002)[16] 50,516 (2003-2004)[16] 50,598 (2005-2006)[16] 48,900 (2007)[17] 49,539 (2008-2010)[18] 49,260 (2011-present)[19] [] 53,506[20] Rogers Centre videoboard[] The main video screen in the Rogers Centre is called the Rogers Centre videoboard and is also known during Blue Jays games as "JaysVision". Designed by Daktronics, the screen is 33 feet (10 m) high and 110 feet (34 m) across. The panel is made up of modular LED units that can be replaced unit by unit, and can be repaired immediately should it be damaged during an event. Originally, this screen was a Sony JumboTron before it was replaced. The videoboard and the stadium played host to several television events, including the series finales for Cheers and Star Trek: The Next Generation, along with live coverage of the funeral of Princess Diana. Stadium usage[] Sports[] Besides baseball and Canadian football, Rogers Centre was the original home of the National Basketball Association's Toronto Raptors, who played at the venue from November 1995 to February 1999, while the Air Canada Centre was being built. It proved to be somewhat problematic as a basketball venue, even considering that it was only a temporary facility. For instance, many seats that were theoretically in line with the court were so far away that fans needed binoculars to see the action. Other seats were so badly obstructed that fans sitting there could only watch the game on the replay boards. For most games, Rogers Centre seated 22,900 people. However, the Raptors sometimes opened the upper level when popular opponents came to town, expanding capacity to 29,000. Rogers Centre has also hosted exhibition soccer, cricket, Gaelic football, Australian rules football, tennis]] and four NCAA International Bowl games. The 1992 World Series and 1993 World Series were played at Rogers Centre. The World Wrestling Federation hosted WrestleMania VI and WrestleMania X8 at Rogers Centre in 1990 and 2002.[21] On May 31, 1997, the venue hosted a post Olympic track and field event that pitted Olympic track champions Donovan Bailey and Michael Johnson, in a 150m race that was billed as a competition for the title of the "World's Fastest Man". Bailey won the race, completing it in a time of 15 seconds and winning the 1.5 million dollar prize. Johnson pulled up lame at the 110m mark claiming a quadriceps injury. Soccer matches have been regularly held in recent years; they had been rarely played at the venue when its AstroTurf surface had been in place.[22] On June 8, 2005, an international soccer friendly between Serbia-Montenegro and Italy took place, ending in a 1-1 draw.[22] Rogers Centre is the site of several major high school and collegiate sporting competitions: Prentice Cup for baseball and, from 1989 to 2003, the Vanier Cup championship of Canadian Interuniversity Sport football (then SkyDome). Since 2008, the Rogers Centre is the host of the Greater Toronto high school's Metro Bowl.[23] In January 2007, Rogers Centre played host to the first ever International Bowl, an NCAA college football game between Western Michigan University and the University of Cincinnati. In 2008, Rutgers played Ball State in the second International Bowl. The University at Buffalo Bulls and the University of Connecticut Huskies played in the third International Bowl on January 3, 2009. In November 2007, it hosted the 95th Grey Cup, its first since 1992 and third all-time. It was also the venue for the 2007 Desjardins Vanier Cup on Friday November 23, just two days before Grey Cup Sunday. It was the 16th Vanier Cup hosted at SkyDome/Rogers Centre, returning after a three year absence in which it was hosted by Hamilton, Ontario (2004 and 2005) and Saskatoon, Saskatchewan (2006). It was the 56th Grey Cup hosted by the city of Toronto since the championship's inception in 1909, and the 40th Vanier Cup hosted by the Toronto since that championship's inception in 1965. The National Football League's Buffalo Bills announced its intentions to play five "home" games (and three pre-season games) in Rogers Centre in October 2007; the first of these regular-season games took place on December 7 of the 2008 NFL season versus the Miami Dolphins.[24] It marked the first time an NFL team has established a "home" stadium outside the United States. The Bills played a preseason game against the Pittsburgh Steelers at the Rogers Centre on August 14, 2008. (See Bills Toronto Series for more information regarding this.) In 2007, Bruce Power, Canada's largest private nuclear operating company, struck a deal with the Toronto Blue Jays that would allow the energy producing company to power the Rogers Centre with emissions-free electricity. Games in the first round of the 2009 World Baseball Classic were played at the Rogers Centre.[25] On July 16, 2010, the stadium hosted a friendly soccer match between England's Manchester United F.C. and Scotland's Celtic F.C. Manchester United F.C. defeated Celtic F.C. with a score of 3–1. On April 30, 2011 Ultimate Fighting Championship are scheduled to host their first event, UFC 129, in Ontario's history. Originally setup for 42,000 seats the event sold out on the first day of ticket sales. Changes were made to accommodate another 13,000 seats. Fans responded bringing the total seat sales to 55,000 - breaking previous UFC records. For the 2015 Pan American Games, the Rogers Centre will be used for the opening and closing ceremonies, as well as baseball. Concerts[] The stadium has several concert configurations, including smaller Theatre (capacity 5,000 to 7,000) and Concert Hall (formerly SkyTent; capacity 10,000-25,000). Due to the design of the stadium and building materials used, the acoustics have been known to be rather poor, and the loudness/quality can vary greatly around the stadium. Its popularity with artists and fans has diminished over the years, with most stadium concerts now taking place at the Air Canada Centre. The SkyTent, a group of acoustical curtain sails that is hoisted on rigging above the floor, is used to help reduce sound distortion and improve sound quality by dampening reverberations around the stadium. Soon after its opening, the stadium became a popular venue for large scale rock concerts and is the largest indoor concert venue in Toronto. The dome has been open for only four concerts: Bruce Springsteen's show in 2003 and U2's two concerts in 2009, as well as their concert in 2011, all part of their 360° Tour.[26][27][28] Bon Jovi performed two sellout shows on July 20 and 21, 2010 at the Rogers Centre. One of the more notable concerts, as shown in the documentary Truth or Dare, was Madonna's 1990 Blond Ambition World Tour show. The touring show had become extremely controversial, due to the risqué visuals and performances. When the concert arrived in Toronto, police were alerted that the show might violate local obscenity laws. The police were on site for the concert and threatened charges without changes. The show went on as planned, however, without any legal action taken. Other uses[] Rogers Centre contains 143,000 sq.ft. of exhibition space, allowing it to host a variety of events year-round. It is home to several annual auto shows, with the Canadian International AutoShow in February and Importfest in October. Travelling shows like World Wrestling Entertainment (which has used the facility to host two WrestleMania events and a WWE RAW in February 1999), Disney on Ice, Monster Jam, Supercross and circuses also have used the venue. The Opening Ceremonies of the XVI International AIDS Conference were held at Rogers Centre on August 13, 2006.[citation needed] It has also hosted many public speakers, including appearances by the Dalai Lama, Christian Evangelist Billy Graham, Nelson Mandela, and J. K. Rowling, for a book reading.[29] In addition to being a venue that hosts sports, concerts and other events, the Rogers Centre also houses the head offices of a number of businesses. The Toronto Blue Jays has its office headquarters located in the building and until 2008, the Toronto Argonauts did as well. It is also the home of the head offices of Ticketmaster Canada and Zuffa Canada.[30][31][32] Rogers Centre is the home of the main Ticketmaster outlet (ticket centre) for eastern Canada, located at the south end of the building beside Gate 9. As well, the building contains the Toronto Renaissance Hotel, a Premier Fitness/Health Club, a Rogers Plus store, (formerly) a Hard Rock Cafe, and Windows Restaurant. Starting in 2006, the Hard Rock Cafe only opened when there was a performance in the building.[citation needed] On non-event days, there are daily tours of the Rogers Centre. Attendance records[] World Wrestling Federation's WrestleMania X8 attracted the largest ever paid crowd to SkyDome. The March 17, 2002 event gathered 68,237 fans. WrestleMania VI held the previous record of 67,678 on April 1, 1990. Major League Baseball: The 1991 All-Star Game on July 9 attracted 52,383 spectators. Billy Graham Mission Ontario Youth Rally: This meeting, on June 10, 1995, is conceivably the most attended event in the Skydome's history. The attendance of 72,500 was boosted by performances by several Christian music groups, and by extensive seating on the field. As well, there were multitudes outside - by some accounts over 30,000, watching the event on screens around the stadium.[33] Toronto Blue Jays: A crowd of 52,268 attended Game 5 of the 1992 World Series, which Toronto lost 7-2 to the Atlanta Braves. The smallest crowd for a Jays game occurred on April 19, 2010, when 10,314 watched Toronto win 8-1 against the Kansas City Royals.[34] Canadian Football League: 54,088 packed SkyDome to watch the 1989 Grey Cup Game between the Saskatchewan Roughriders and the Hamilton Tiger-Cats. Toronto Argonauts: The 1991 Eastern Division Final played against the Winnipeg Blue Bombers drew a crowd of 50,386. The smallest crowd for an Argonauts game occurred on July 13, 2001, when 11,041 people watched Toronto lose 30-16 against Winnipeg[35] National Football League: 55,799 fans filled the Rogers Centre to see the Buffalo Bills defeat the Dallas Cowboys 9–7 in an American Bowl exhibition game on August 12, 1995.[36] Toronto Raptors: A March 24, 1996 game against the Chicago Bulls drew a crowd of 36,131. For this game, the basketball venue was reconfigured to accommodate more fans due to the popularity of the visiting team, which basketball superstar Michael Jordan played for during this time. Surprisingly, the expansion Raptors handed the record-setting Bulls one of their ten defeats that season, winning 109-108. Soccer: A July 31, 2004 soccer game between Celtic F.C. and A.S. Roma drew 50,158. Mixed Martial Arts: UFC 129 sold 55,000 tickets for the highest single-day event gate in the stadium's history and set new world records for the sport.[37] Timeline[] 1986 – October 3 – Official ground breaking on the site. 1987 – June 3 – The stadium is named "SkyDome" 1989 – June 3 – Stadium officially opens, hosting a live opening night gala. 1989 – June 5 – Stadium plays host to its first Blue Jays game. 1989 – June 5 – Fred McGriff hits the first home run ever at SkyDome. 1989 – June 7 – John Cerutti records the first Blue Jays win at SkyDome. 1989 – June 8 – Rod Stewart performs the first concert at SkyDome. 1989 – Jose Canseco hit home run into the 5th deck of the stadium, off Toronto Blue Jay left-hander Mike Flanagan. An estimated 480-foot shot, although Rickey Henderson, who hit two home runs in the A's 6-5 victory, said it had to be at least 600 feet.[citation needed] 1989 – The Saskatchewan Roughriders defeat the Hamilton Tiger-Cats 43-40 in the 77th Grey Cup. 1990 – ML baseball season attendance record is broken with 58 sellouts and a season total crowd of 3,885,284. 1990 - Two workers fall to their death when working above the field, and a 3rd worker is pulled to safety.[38] 1991 – July 9 – Host of the Major League Baseball All-Star Game 1992 – The Calgary Stampeders defeat the Winnipeg Blue Bombers in the 80th Grey Cup. 1992 – The first World Series game outside the United States is played at SkyDome when the Blue Jays host the Atlanta Braves in Game #3. 1993 – October 23 – The Blue Jays win their second straight World Series championship after Joe Carter hits a walk off home run. 1995 – June 22 – During a game against the Milwaukee Brewers, 2 acoustic panels fall off the inner ceiling in the 7th inning injuring 7 fans, the game was not stopped.[39] 1995 – July 9 – A worker dies when installing lights for a computer show (falling 25 feet) 1998 - November - Several dignitaries, including Prime Minister of Canada Jean Chrétien, honour South African president Nelson Mandela. 1998 – November – SkyDome files for bankruptcy protection 1998 – SkyDome is bought by Sportsco. 2001 – April 12 – The game against The Kansas City Royals was cancelled due to the roof jamming during a test run, sending chunks of the roof crashing to the field below.[40] 2001 – August 3 – the roof was closed in the 3rd inning of a Toronto Blue Jays game, at the request of home plate umpire Tim Welke due to a major infestation of aphids. 2002 - March 17 - WrestleMania X8 sets SkyDome attendance record of 68,237. 2005 – February 2 – Rogers Communications buys the Stadium and renames it Rogers Centre. 2007 – November 25 – Rogers Centre plays host to the 95th Grey Cup, the first in Toronto in 15 years. The Saskatchewan Roughriders defeat the Winnipeg Blue Bombers 23-19 in the game. 2008 - August 14 - Rogers Centre plays host to a pre-season National Football League game between the Buffalo Bills and Pittsburgh Steelers, the first of a 5 year lease deal that will see the Bills playing occasional home games in Toronto 2011 - April 30 - Rogers Centre held the first UFC event, UFC 129, first to be held in a stadium, signifying UFC 129 as the biggest MMA event in North America so far. 2011 - June 25 - Rogers Centre successfully held the first International Indian Film Academy Awards event in North America. Facts and figures[] Baseball firsts[] First game[] Date: June 5, 1989 Final score: Milwaukee Brewers 5, Toronto Blue Jays 3 Umpires: Rocky Roe (home), Mike Reilly (first base), Rich Garcia (second base), Dale Scott (third base) Managers: Cito Gaston (Blue Jays), Tom Trebelhorn (Brewers) Starting pitchers: Jimmy Key (Blue Jays), Don August (Brewers) Attendance: 48,378 Batting[] Batter: Paul Molitor, Brewers Blue Jays Batter: Junior Felix Hit: Paul Molitor, Brewers (double) Run: Paul Molitor, Brewers Blue Jays Run: George Bell RBI: Gary Sheffield, Brewers Blue Jays RBI: Fred McGriff Single: Kelly Gruber, Blue Jays Double: Paul Molitor, Brewers Triple: Jay Buhner, Mariners (June 18, 1989) Home run: Fred McGriff, Blue Jays (June 5, 1989) Grand slam: Inside-the-park home run: Stolen base: Fred McGriff, Blue Jays (June 5, 1989) Sacrifice hit: Robin Yount, Brewers (June 5, 1989) Sacrifice fly: Robin Yount, Brewers (June 5, 1989) Cycle: George Brett, Royals (July 25, 1990) Blue Jays cycle: Jeff Frye (August 17, 2001) Pitching[] Win: Don August Blue Jays Win: John Cerutti (June 7, 1989) Loss: Jimmy Key Opposing Loss: Chris Bosio, Brewers (June 7, 1989) Shutout: Bert Blyleven, Angels (July 18, 1989) Blue Jays Shutout: Save: Dan Plesac, Brewers (June 5, 1989) Blue Jays Save: David Wells (June 9, 1989) Hit by pitch: Wild pitch: Balk: No-hitter: Dave Stewart, Athletics (June 29, 1990) Stadium related[] The stadium roof has a patent, preventing its design from being easily copied: U.S. Patent #05167097. Officially registered on December 1, 1992 to dome designers, architect Rod Robbie and structural engineer Michael Allen. To accommodate American fans, United States currency is accepted throughout the stadium.[41] The original mascot of the stadium was a turtle by the name of Domer. When the retractable roof is open, people standing on the observation deck of the nearby CN Tower can look down on the field. 50 million people have visited SkyDome/Rogers Centre. When the roof is open, 91% of the seats and 100% of the field is open to the sky, covering an area of 3.2 hectares (8 acres). The roof weighs 11,000 tons, and is held together by 250,000 bolts. The stadium's inward-looking hotel rooms have regular two-way windows, yielding instances of what some could consider indecent exposure. When SkyDome first opened, a couple engaging in sexual intercourse was televised on the scoreboard Jumbotron during a baseball game. Days later, a man was caught masturbating during a game in full view of the packed stands. The man, later tracked down by a Sports Illustrated reporter, calmly said, "I thought they were one-way windows." Patrons now have to sign contracts stipulating that they will not perform any lewd acts within view of the stadium. When the stadium first opened, the Toronto Transit Commission was worried about the challenge of moving the large crowds. As a way to streamline the entry to the subway and to encourage public transit use to the stadium, all tickets for the first 30 days also worked as a Metropass. The stadium corporation has been requested to help in the planning of other venues from the U.S., Netherlands, England, Australia, New Zealand, to Singapore, China and Germany (Source Rogers Centre Press release). It was the most expensive stadium in both the CFL and Major League Baseball, constructed at a price of C$570 million ($Template:Formatprice in 2024 dollarsTemplate:Inflation-fn). This record was passed by the New Yankee Stadium at a cost of US$1.3 billion. If Montreal's Olympic Stadium (which used to be the home field of the Expos, only used for CFL playoff games since the late 2000s) were counted, it would take the title, with a 1976 cost of C$1.6 billion ($Template:Formatprice in 2024 dollarsTemplate:Inflation-fn). See also[] Template:Commons category Template:Portal List of Canadian Football League stadiums List of current National Football League stadiums List of Major League Baseball stadiums List of Australian Football League grounds Rogers Arena in Vancouver, British Columbia References[] [] Multimedia[] CBC archives – How the roof works with the architect 1989 Google satellite image Official websites[]
wrong_mix_domain_birth_00112	FactBench	2	50	https://www.usab.com/news/2015/11/how-michael-jordans-mindset-made-him-a-great-competitor	en	How Michael Jordan's Mindset Made Him a Great Competitor	https://www.usab.com/img…NTY1ZTEuanBn.png	https://www.usab.com/img…NTY1ZTEuanBn.png	[ "https://www.usab.com/dist/assets/wmt.5ef6ec2e.svg", "https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=942975820274866&ev=PageView&noscript=1", "https://ad.doubleclick.net/ddm/activity/src=13089978;type=count0;cat=pt_nb0;u1=[Page URL];dc_lat=;dc_rdid=;tag_for_child_directed_treatment=;tfua=;npa=;gdpr=${GDPR};gdpr_consent=${GDPR_CONSENT_755};ord=1;num=1" ]	[]	[]	[ "usa", "basketball", "team usa", "nba", "ncaa", "olympics", "world cup", "3x3", "fiba", "coaching", "youth", "sports" ]	null	[]	null	Mindsets matter. Rarely will a coach discuss psychology. What are we doing to practice the physiological component of basketball? Understanding why MJ switched from basketball to baseball is a good start!	en	https://www.usab.com/fav…e-touch-icon.png	USA Basketball	https://www.usab.com
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station.		https://classic107.com/a…41625b452156.png	Classic107	https://classic107.com/articles.feed%3Fid%3D273%253Athe-wso-s-nordic-festival-wraps-up-with-the-premier-of-a-work-by-manitoba-composer-kenley-kristofferson%26page%3D97%26type%3Datom
wrong_mix_domain_birth_00112	FactBench	3	71	https://theclio.com/entry/23368	en	Michael Jordan's Childhood Home	https://storage.googleap…_23368.50049.jpg	https://storage.googleap…_23368.50049.jpg	[ "https://theclio.com/_next/static/images/app-bar-logo-85bcdf195c567dbecc94e4b99e78e9a5.png", "https://storage.googleapis.com/clio-images/medium_23368.50049.jpg", "https://storage.googleapis.com/clio-images/medium_23368.50050.jpg", "https://storage.googleapis.com/clio-images/medium_23368.50051.jpg", "https://storage.googleapis.com/clio-images/medium_23368.50052.jpg", "https://theclio.com/_next/static/images/twitter-d6525199f36e4e7cb451233398cee7e0.png", "https://theclio.com/_next/static/images/fb-05c6c74da3ed97647d396039e976f44e.png", "https://theclio.com/_next/static/images/fb-05c6c74da3ed97647d396039e976f44e.png", "https://theclio.com/_next/static/images/twitter-d6525199f36e4e7cb451233398cee7e0.png", "https://theclio.com/_next/static/images/instagram-f90d7f573b3958d8e34d3045f571fec0.png", "https://theclio.com/_next/static/images/tumblr-ea0854cdd01cf0751b15cf07f1491ade.png", "https://theclio.com/_next/static/images/neh-30b8993268c0df506f84e9e1723481a5.png", "https://theclio.com/_next/static/images/knight-0c26ecb2d54ca356efea474eed7ae0ed.png", "https://theclio.com/_next/static/images/WTKF_logo_2020-ceada665713f26ff8f228696d2e51107.jpg", "https://theclio.com/_next/static/images/umkc-logo-a4711c4a99a86938c78fba657a6f2796.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	Michael Jordan is widely regarded as the greatest basketball player of all time. Not only did he excel in college and the NBA, but he flourished as a businessman. He played for the University of North Carolina before going to the NBA to play for the Chicago Bulls and Washington Wizards. Additionally, he became the face of Hanes underwear and starred in the movie "Space Jam" where he played himself. He popularized the NBA throughout the 1980s and 1990s around the world. Before all of that, he had his humble beginnings in this North Carolina home.	en	/_next/static/images/clio-logo-background-small-451d24efda1e099e31bcf2230362805a.jpg	Clio	https://theclio.com/entry/23368	Introduction Text-to-speech Audio Michael Jordan is widely regarded as the greatest basketball player of all time. Not only did he excel in college and the NBA, but he flourished as a businessman. He played for the University of North Carolina before going to the NBA to play for the Chicago Bulls and Washington Wizards. Additionally, he became the face of Hanes underwear and starred in the movie "Space Jam" where he played himself. He popularized the NBA throughout the 1980s and 1990s around the world. Before all of that, he had his humble beginnings in this North Carolina home. Images Jordan's childhood home. Jordan on the court. Jordan with his rings. Jordan's childhood home close up. Backstory and Context Text-to-speech Audio Michael Jordan was born on February 17, 1963 in Brooklyn, NY. When he was still a baby, his family moved to Wilmington, NC. He is the fourth of five children, and his mother was a banker, his father an equipment supervisor. Jordan attended Emsley A. Laney High School where he played basketball and became a McDonald's All-American his senior year. He was then recruited by the University of North Carolina. At UNC, Jordan was named the ACC Freshman of the Year and led UNC to a championship in 1982. He left his senior year to enter the NBA draft where he was selected by the Chicago Bulls. With the Bulls, Jordan was named Rookie of the Year, received five MVP awards for the regular season, and six MVP awards for the finals. Additionally, he won the NBA championship six times with the Bulls and two Olympic gold medals. Jordan's childhood home (located in Wilmington, NC and pictured below), shows his humble start to his illustrious career. The house has changed slightly since Jordan lived there; it used to have a basketball court where Michael and his brother played. He lived in this house until he went to college. When he announced he was going to UNC, he did so from this house. The house has new owners now and is considered private property in a residential neighborhood. Sources Carree, Chuck. 2009. "Where is Michael Jordan’s childhood home in New Hanover County?" Myreporter.com. Accessed June 2, 2016. http://www.myreporter.com/2009/06/michael-jordans-childhood-home-in-new-hanover-county. "Michael Jordan's Childhood Home." Roadtrippers.com. Accessed 2 June, 2016. https://roadtrippers.com/us/wilmington-nc/points-of-interest/michael-jordans-childhood-home?lat=40.8.... Additional Information
wrong_mix_domain_birth_00112	FactBench	1	68	https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo/michael-jordan-and-nba.html	en	res stock photography and images	https://s.alamy.com/logo…avicon-16x16.png	https://s.alamy.com/logo…avicon-16x16.png	[ "https://s.alamy.com/logos/1.68.0/alamy.svg", "https://s.alamy.com/logos/1.68.0/alamy-black.svg", "https://s.alamy.com/logos/1.68.0/alamy-black.svg", "https://s.alamy.com/logos/1.68.0/alamy.svg", "https://s.alamy.com/assets/latest/footer/mastercard.svg", "https://s.alamy.com/assets/latest/footer/visa.svg", "https://s.alamy.com/assets/latest/footer/amex.svg", "https://s.alamy.com/assets/latest/footer/paypal.svg", "https://s.alamy.com/assets/latest/footer/apple-pay.svg", "https://s.alamy.com/assets/latest/footer/google-pay.svg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Alamy Limited" ]	null	Find the perfect michael jordan and nba stock photo, image, vector, illustration or 360 image. Available for both RF and RM licensing.	en	https://s.alamy.com/logo…avicon-16x16.png	Alamy	https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo/michael-jordan-and-nba.html	Alamy and its logo are trademarks of Alamy Ltd. and are registered in certain countries. Copyright © 24/07/2024 Alamy Ltd. All rights reserved.
wrong_mix_domain_birth_00112	FactBench	3	67	https://tidalwavecomics.com/index.php/2024/04/23/1st-look-inside-the-fame-michael-jordan-comic-book-biography/	en				[]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	2024-04-23T00:00:00					null
wrong_mix_domain_birth_00112	FactBench	3	88	https://www.softschools.com/timelines/michael_jordan_timeline/30/	en	Michael Jordan Timeline			[ "https://www.softschools.com/images/logo.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "Michael Jordan", "timeline", "Michael Jordan timeline of vents", "Michael Jordan timeline for kids" ]	null	[]	null	Michael Jordan is said to be the greatest basketball player who has ever lived. He got to where he is through hard work and determination, along with blood, sweat, and tears. This timeline outlines his career.	en			null	Event 1963 Michael Jordan is born Michael Jordan was born in Brooklyn, New York. The family moved to North Carolina shortly after Michael was born. 1981 Michael earns a scholarship for college Michael earned a basketball scholarship to the University of North Carolina. He majored in geography. 1984 Michael wins awards Michael won the Naismith Award and the Wooden College Player of the Year Award. 1984 Michael goes to the NBA Michael left college early so he could play for the Chicago Bulls, but he returned to college later so he could finish his degree. 1985 Michael is named Rookie of the Year Michael had a great first season, and he was named the NBA's Rookie of the Year. 1985 Shoes in his name Nike released the first pair of Air Jordans. They were the first shoe of their kind. 1989 Michael makes "The Shot" In a game against Cleveland, Michael made a game-changing shot that won the game. It was later officially named "The Shot". 1991-1993 Michael is named the most valuable player For three years in a row Michael was named the Most Valuable Player. 1993 Michael retires from sports Michael retired from basketball at the top of his game, but he would return to sports in no time. 1994 Michael makes a switch to baseball Michael signed a contract with the Chicago White Sox. Later this year, though, he went back to the Chicago Bulls. 1996 Michael becomes a movie star Michael Jordan made a movie with Bugs Bunny called Space Jam. It was a big hit. 1996 Michael continues his basketball career Michael went on to win two more Most Valuable Player Awards before he retired from the Chicago Bulls for good in 1998. 1997 Michael makes a huge accomplishment Michael was named one of the 50 most successful athletes of all time. 2000 The ESPY Award comes to Michael Michael was awarded the ESPY as athlete of the century. 2001-2003 Michael plays for a new team Michael began playing for the Washington Wizards, but his career didn't take off like when he played for the Bulls.
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We also offer funeral pre-planning and carry a wide selection of caskets, vaults, urns and burial containers.	en	//s3.amazonaws.com/CFSV2/favicons/6294-favicon.ico	Archived Obituaries \| Irvine-Cozzarelli Memorial Home \| Belleville NJ funeral home and cremation	https://www.irvinecozzarelli.com/obituary-archive	Vincent Mirra, Sr., 86, of Belleville, NJ, passed away peacefully at his residence on Saturday, May 16, 2020. He was born in Staten Island, NY, on July 27, 1933 to Felice and Concetta (nee Sergi) Mirra. Vincent A. Cozzarelli Vincent A. Cozzarelli, 78, of Belleville passed away in Clara Maass Medical Center, Belleville, NJ on Sunday April 19, 2015 with his loving family at his side Guests will be received at the Irvine-Cozzarelli Memorial Home, 276 Washington Avenue, Belleville, NJ on Wednesday April 22nd between the afternoon and evening hours of 3:00 to 8:00 o’clock. Complimentary valet parking is available at the funeral home. A Funeral Mass will be offered in Saint Peter’s R.C. Church, 155 William Street, Belleville on Thursday morning, April 23rd at 11:30 o’clock. Those who wish to attend the funeral may gather at the funeral home at 10:30 o’clock. Entombment will be in Holy Cross Chapel Mausoleum, North Arlington, NJ.For additional information please visit www.irvinecozzarelli.com or call 973.759.1114. Born in Newark, NJ, Vincent was a lifelong resident of Belleville. He began his career as a bicycle delivery boy at Rossmore Pharmacy, Belleville. He eventually purchased the pharmacy in 1964 where he and his family worked together. Vincent celebrated his 50th year as owner / pharmacist of Rossmore Pharmacy in 2014. During his professional career he established many long lasting and wonderful friendships with his customers. He has been credited by many of his customers over the years for saving their lives. He was known to be always available to listen and advise his customers 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Vincent was generous in thought and deed, coming to the aid of his customers without hesitation. He was an intelligent, balanced and fair person. He met people without any preconceived notions or prejudices. He graduated from Albany College of Pharmacy in 1961 with a BS degree in Pharmaceutical Sciences. Vincent held two licenses to practice pharmacy in the states of New Jersey and New York. Vincent was a longtime member of Saint Peter’s Guard of Honor and a devout Catholic, practicing his faith at Saint Peter’s Church since his childhood. Vincent was a past member of the Belleville Lion’s Club, the Belleville Chamber of Commerce, and was a former member of the New Jersey Pharmacy Association. In the year 2000 he received a plaque of recognition from the Lilly Drug Company for filling one million prescriptions. Vincent was the beloved husband of Georgette Cozzarelli (nee Pitrelli); devoted father of Vincent Cozzarelli Jr.; loving brother of Raymond (Helen) and Ronald Cozzarelli. The Cozzarelli family will graciously receive flowers or, if preferred a memorial contribution may be extended in Vincent’s name as a restricted gift donation to Saint Peter’s R.C. Church, 155 William Street Belleville, NJ 07109 Aside from the love Vincent shared with his family he possessed a special love for his pharmacy and all those he cared for over his many years of ownership. Edward L. Oldak Edward L. Oldak, 79, passed away quietly on February 25, 2015 at his residence in Whiting, NJ. Guests will be received on the afternoon and evening of Sunday, March 1, from 2 to 4 and 7 to 9 o’clock at the Irvine-Cozzarelli Memorial Home, 276 Washington Ave., Belleville, NJ. Complimentary valet parking is available at the funeral home. A funeral service will be conducted on Sunday evening at 8 o'clock in the funeral home. For additional information, please visit irvinecozzarelli.com or call (973) 759-1114. Born in Warren, NJ, Edward resided in the Bronx, NY, moving to Belleville with his wife, Frances Oldak until 2006, where he raised his son and three daughters. In 2006, the couple moved to their permanent residence in Whiting. Edward was the Plant Maintenance Supervisor for National Lighting Company for over 53 years, retiring in 2006. He was a faithful employee and served his company with honor. Edward was also a member of Local 3 of the I.B.E.W. Reserved and soft spoken, Edward was still quick witted and possessed a joyous sense of humor. Whether hosting holidays at his home, barbequing for the family, or attending a sporting event, nothing pleased him more than spending time with loved ones. He enjoyed playing shuffleboard and horseshoes. Edward was always a gentleman with a high level of integrity. Edward was the beloved husband of 48 years to Frances Oldak; the devoted father to Carol McElroy, Teresa DiCaterino, Edward Oldak and the late Lorraine Sheedy; loving grandfather to Robert, Johnilyn and Adam DiCaterino, Sean McElroy and Ellie Oldak; great grandfather to Ben DiCaterino. The Oldak family requests, in lieu of flowers, a memorial contribution be extended in Edward’s name to the hospice organization, Vitas (vitas.com), 1040 Broad St., Ste. 301, Shrewsbury, NJ 07702. Mary Sarah Guancione Mary Sarah Guancione (nee Platia), 91, died peacefully on Monday, February 23, 2015 in her home in Belleville, NJ. Guests will be received on the evening of Friday, February 27 from 5 to 8:30 at the Irvine-Cozzarelli Memorial Home, 276 Washington Ave., Belleville, N.J. Complimentary valet parking is available at the funeral home. A Funeral Mass will be offered on Saturday morning, February 28, at 10:30 in St. Peter’s R.C. Church, 155 William Street, also in Belleville. Those who wish to attend the funeral may gather at the funeral home at 9:30. Burial will be at Immaculate Conception Cemetery, Upper Montclair, NJ. For additional information please visit irvinecozzarelli.com or call (973) 759-1114. In lieu of flowers the family will graciously receive donations at the funeral home. Mary leaves behind her children Karen and Gary Guancione and many loved friends and relatives. Mary loved being alive and everything she did was filled with love, generosity, enthusiasm and boundless energy. Until her last moment when she could no longer speak with words, she communicated fully with everyone around her. She had many longtime friends of all ages from every walk of life. Mary was an adventurer, game for anything, ready to run on a moment’s notice. She was in constant motion but all her actions were mindful, determined and graceful. Mary cooked constantly in large quantities, for everyone she knew. Her eggplant parmigiana, manicotti Siciliano, braccioli, meatballs, macaroni and gravy, stuffed mushrooms, clams oreganata, pasta fagioli, antipasto, cheesecake and countless Italian delicacies were devoured with delight. Mary was an ultimate perfectionist but she worked quietly and humbly with well-honed efficiency often until the wee hours of the morning and all her creations seemed to appear effortlessly as if by magic. Whenever Mary sewed fashionable clothing from carefully selected fabric, decorated every room of the house from top to bottom with exuberant, intricate installations that changed for every holiday, she showed great care and the eye of an artist. When her daughter Karen made large-scale art installations for galleries or museums that required thousands of hours of intricate handwork Mary jumped right in to help with incredible expertise. Mary’s artistry was learned from her own mother Anna Platia and was passed on from mother to daughter through generations. Mary loved to dance. As a little girl she tap-danced all the time with pennies attached to her shoes and one night when she accompanied her mother to a nightclub in Newark, NJ she was invited up to the microphone to sing for everyone. As a teenager and young woman she “decked out” in beautiful clothes sewn by her mother and jitterbugged almost every night to big band music in Newark and venues throughout New Jersey and New York. She fondly remembered dressing to the nines and dancing all night with friends at the Apollo Theater in Harlem. Many years later son Gary became a musician and Mary loved to hear him play the guitar and sing. Mary was born in Easton, Pennsylvania where her large extended family still lives. When she was seven she moved with her daring mother Anna to Newark, NJ, where Anna worked in sewing factories and Mary went to school. She graduated from Newark’s Central High. In 1950 they moved to Belleville to the house where she has lived ever since. For several years Mary worked in the Tung-Sol Factory. One day after work she and her close group of women friends were in a local bar when she suddenly met her future husband Angelo Guancione, who was hilariously funny and made her laugh constantly. They were inseparable, venturing in every direction in Angelo’s car. They married in 1956 and started a family at once. Mary loved her house, which she decorated and kept immaculately clean. She loved to devote herself to her family and was the first to volunteer as Scout leader, PTA member, home-room mother, or band parent. She never missed an exhibition opening, dance, music or theatrical performance, party or event that her children and friends were part of and contributed whole-heartedly to every occasion. Mary was a doer and a creator, never afraid to dig right in and get her hands dirty. Her laugh, humor and vibrancy made her loved by many. Mary always loved to travel- first with her girlfriends and later with her family on long cross-country road trips. She continued to travel well into her 80's. Italy, France, Greece, and Key West were some of favorite destinations. Shopping, searching for amazing bargains, playing bingo, making ceramics and gardening, going to dance, theater and music performances were also some of her favorite things. A testament to Mary’s beautiful spirit are friends everywhere; in the United States, Italy, France, Mexico, Iraq and elsewhere who are now remembering her beautiful spirit and celebrating a marvelous, exceptional life. Olympia Cozzarelli Olympia Cozzarelli (nee Gentile), 92, passed away suddenly on Monday February 16, 2015 at her residence, in Point Pleasant, N.J. Guests will be received at the Irvine-Cozzarelli Memorial Home, 276 Washington Avenue, Belleville, NJ on Friday February 20th, afternoon and evening from 2 to 4 & 7 to 9 o’clock. Complimentary valet parking is available at the funeral home. A Funeral Mass will be offered in Saint Peter’s R.C. Church, 155 William Street, Belleville on Saturday morning February 21st at 11:00 o’clock. Those who wish to attend the funeral may gather at the funeral home at 10:00 o’clock. Entombment will be in Holy Cross Chapel Mausoleum, North Arlington. For additional information please visit www.irvinecozzarelli.com or call (973) 759-1114. Born in Philadelphia, Pa. Olympia resided in the city for 27 years, moving to Belleville, N.J. with her husband Dr. James J. Cozzarelli, M.D. and their young son James J. Cozzarelli, Jr. Olympia remained in Belleville until 2012, where she raised her son and two daughters. In 2012 she moved to her permanent residence in Point Pleasant. Olympia was the office manager of her husband’s medical practice in Belleville for 40 years, retiring in 2002. She was loved by the patients in her husband’s care, establishing many wonderful friendships and she was a valued confidant. A descriptive of Olympia’s personality would characterize her as an intelligent and balanced person, a strong and independent woman whose mission was to educate, culture, and nurture her children for a successful life. She was a lady that did not permit life’s circumstances to dictate to her destiny. She had a pleasing demeanor and was an engaging conversationalist. She was a voracious reader, who always was elegantly dressed and enjoyed floral arranging, embroidering and knitting as her hobbies. Olympia was the beloved wife of 63 years to the late Dr. James J. Cozzarelli, M.D.; the devoted mother of Dr. James J. Cozzarelli, Jr., Patricia-Ann Cozzarelli, and Dr. Annette O. Cozzarelli-Franklin, M.D.; treasured grandmother of Catherine Cozzarelli-Klingener. Loving mother-in-law of Edward Klingener and Dr. James D. Franklin, M.D.; and her dear caregiver and companion Shorena. The Cozzarelli family will graciously receive flowers or, if preferred a memorial contribution may be extended in Olympia’s name as a restricted gift donation to the American Lung Association of Mid-Atlantic (www.lung.org), 3001 Gettysburg Road Camp Hill, PA 17011 Edith Hope Kee Homemaker and After School Child Care Provider Edith Hope Kee (nee Wells),82, passed away suddenly on Tuesday, February 10, 2015, at the Mountainside Hospital, Glen Ridge, NJ. Guests will be received at the Irvine-Cozzarelli Memorial Home, P.A., 276 Washington Avenue, Belleville, NJ, on Monday, February 16th, afternoon and evening from 2 to 4 and 6 to 8 o'clock. A funeral service will be conducted in the funeral home on Monday evening at 7 o'clock. Complimentary valet parking is available at the funeral home. Those who wish to attend the funeral may gather at the funeral home on Tuesday morning, February 17th between 10 and 10:30 o'clock. Interment will be in Glendale Cemetery, Bloomfield, NJ. For additional information, please visit www.irvinecozzarelli.com or call 973.759.1114. Born in Passaic, NJ, Hope was raised in Belleville, where she graduated from the Belleville High School. As an adult Hope resided in East Orange, NJ, and subsequently established her permanent residence of 13 years in Montclair, NJ. Hope was the proud mother of four children, and was unwavering in her focus to create a nurturing and loving environment not only for her children and grandchildren but for the numerous neighborhood children, by providing after school child care. She found much joy and enrichment in the experiences and accomplishments of her immediate family and her extended family known as "Hope's Village Children". Mrs. Kee will always be acknowledged as one of the most significant influences in the lives of "Hope's Village Children". She will be remembered and cherished in the hearts and minds of all those that entered into her care, now teachers, doctors, attorneys, artists, coaches and countless other occupations and walks of life. Her motto was, "I am My Own Organization" and "If a child rearing book does not have my name as the author it is Null and Void". Hope was an avid fan of all sports. She enjoyed reading and kept current with evolving events by reading newspapers on a daily basis. Hope was the beloved wife of 41 years, of the late William H. Kee, Jr.; the devoted mother of Robert (Janice) Kee, Saundra Kee Borges, David (Lorraine) Kee and the late Catherine Kee; precious grandmother of Darrell Kee, Garrett (Nertalia) Borges, Julian Borges, Evan Kee, Adriana Borges, Jasmin Kee and Mya Kee; treasured great-grandmother of Khloe Kee and Grant Borges; loving sister of William Wells of Vermont, Florence Alice Walker, Josephine Brazier, Henry (Patty) Wells and Barbara A. Wells of Virginia. Hope will be forever missed by her many dear to her heart family members, nieces, nephews and wonderful friends. Patrick Henry Rudden Patrick Henry Rudden, age 65, of Lake Hopatcong, NJ, son of the late Helen and Robert Rudden, passed away from natural causes on January 12, 2015. Patrick grew up in Belleville, NJ and graduated from Belleville High School in 1968. He was drafted by the U.S. Army and served in Vietnam and Cambodia from 1969 to 1971. Pat received numerous military commendations, including two Bronze Stars. Patrick was a titanium welder by profession and worked for 35 years at Titanium Fabricators in Fairfield, NJ. Patrick’s passions were nature and music and he was an avid and accomplished nature photographer and trumpet player. Patrick leaves behind his brother Jeff, sister-in-law Jessica, of Mahwah, NJ, and his faithful canine companion, Bruce Almighty. A memorial service will be held in his honor on Saturday, January 31, 2015 at the Irvine-Cozzarelli Memorial Home 276 Washington Avenue, Belleville, NJ 07109. For more information go to www.irvinecozzarelli.com or call 973 759-1114. A gathering for family and friends will begin Saturday afternoon at 12:00 o'clock through 3:00 o'clock, with a Service of Remembrance which will be held at 1:00 o'clock. The family of Patrick Rudden is gratefully accepting donations to The National Foundation for Animal Rescue (NFFAR), PO Box 565, Saddle River, NJ 07458 online at www.nffar.org or Semper Fido, 131 Kenilworth Road Marlton, NJ 08053 online at www.semperfido.org Edmundo Malavarca Edmundo 'Ed' Malavarca, 87, passed away on Tuesday, January 20, 2015. A funeral mass will be offered at St. Peter's Roman Catholic Church, Belleville, NJ, on Monday morning, January 26th at 11:30 o'clock. Those who wish to attend the funeral may gather at the Irvine-Cozzarelli Memorial Home, P.A., 276 Washington Avenue, Belleville at 10 o'clock. For additional information visit www.irvinecozzarelli.com or contact 973.759.1114. Interment will be in St. Peter's Church Cemetery, Belleville. Complimentary valet parking is available at the funeral home. Guests will be received at the funeral home on Sunday afternoon and evening from 2 to 4 and 7 to 9 o'clock. Born in Newark, NJ, Ed resided in Belleville for the past 16 years. He was a member of the sales management team at the Burlington Coat Factory, Pine Brook, NJ, for 30 years, retiring in 2008. A descriptive of Ed's personality would characterize him as a humanist, a man of great inner strength. He was highly intelligent and admired as a philosophical thinker. Ed had a formidable memory and was an ardent student of history, being capable of reciting the great words of statesman and the founding documents of the United States of America. He demonstrated a proficiency in multi-disciplined areas of creativity, Ed was a Renaissance man, who had the capacity to observe details in the most finite reveal. He presented as a very balanced person, who was generous in thought and deed, albeit unobtrusive, a person whose patience was notable. Ed had an accepting and respectful nature, his manner gentle, yet fortified by the courage of his conviction and intention. Ed truly understood the purpose of his life and his first priority was to his immediate family and their goodness' sake. His integrity was unwavering. Ed was a devout Catholic and a dedicated parishioner of St. Peter's Church. This all being true, Ed was a very humble gentleman. Knowing Ed was to truly understand that he was more than these mere words could ever express and the memories he leaves behind time will never take away. Ed was the beloved and devoted husband of Catherine Malavarca; the loving father of Maria Faschan, Amedeo, Donato, Edmondo, Phillip, Michael, and Bernadette Malavarca; Dear brother of Yolando Caputo; precious grandfather of Gina, Gabriella, Danielle, Phillip, Anthony, Joseph, and Amadeo. In lieu of floral tributes please make memorial donations to the Carrick Brain Center, www.caretosharenp.org or to the charity of your personal preference. ED WILL ALWAYS BE OUR SUPERMAN. Leonardo F. Idrovo Leonardo F. Idrovo, 39, passed away at the Columbus Hospital LTACH, Newark, NJ, on Sunday, December 14, 2014. A funeral service will be held on Thursday evening, December 18th at 8 o'clock, at the Irvine-Cozzarelli Memorial Home, P.A., 276 Washington Avenue, Belleville, NJ 07109 www.irvinecozzarelli.com, or call 973.759.1114. Guests will be received by the family on Thursday afternoon and evening from 2 to 4 and 7 to 9 o'clock. Complimentary valet parking is available at the funeral home. Those who wish to attend the funeral may gather at the funeral home on Friday morning, December 19th at 11 o'clock. Interment will be in the Holy Cross Cemetery, North Arlington, NJ. Lenny was born and raised in Belleville. During his adolescence he was involved in a motor vehicle accident that resulted in a permanent disability. Despite the physical damage his body sustained, Lenny greeted life with abundant zest. A descriptive of Lenny's personality would characterize him as a wonderfully outgoing and charismatic individual. He had the ability to inspire, possessing the beautiful gift of generous spirit and a great love for life. He enjoyed listening to current music and watching professional boxing matches. In addition, he took special pride in his well-dressed appearance. He was a remarkable brother and an exemplary role model for both of his siblings, Mark and Jennifer. Lenny was much more than these mere words could ever describe and the memories he leaves behind time can never take away. Leonardo was the loving and precious son of Flavio and Italia Idrovo; the treasured brother of Mark and his wife Carol, and Jennifer Idrovo; the cherished grandson of his maternal grandmother, Rosa Bermeo; the adoring uncle of Caleb and Chloe, and he is also survived by many dear uncles, aunts and cousins. In lieu of floral tributes memorial donations may be extended in Lenny's name to the Dana and Christopher Reeve Foundation Anthony DeFeo Anthony DeFeo, 91, a lifelong resident of Belleville, entered his eternal rest on Friday, July 18, 2014 in Clara Maass Medical Center, Belleville. A funeral mass will be offered at St. Peter’s Roman Catholic Church, Belleville on Wednesday morning, July 23 at 11 o’clock. Those who wish to attend the funeral may gather at the funeral home at 10 o’clock. Final disposition will be private. Guests will be received at the Irvine-Cozzarelli Memorial Home, P.A., 276 Washington Avenue, Belleville, on Tuesday afternoon and evening from 2 to 4 and 7 to 9 o’clock. For additional information, visit www.irvinecozzarelli.com or contact 973.759.1114. Complimentary valet parking is available at the funeral home. While attending Belleville High School, Anthony worked with his parents to build Star Wire Works, a Belleville based wire mesh products - company. His parents Vito and Antonette founded the firm in their home on Mt. Prospect Avenue in 1929. In 1943, he entered the U.S. Army where he served as a teletype operator with the 9427 TSU Signal Corps, Alaska Communication System. He received the American Service Medal, Asiatic Pacific Service Medal, A Good Conduct Medal and a World War II Victory Medal. He was honorably discharged in 1946. Upon returning to civilian life, Anthony married Ida Ethel Cocchia of South Norwalk Connecticut on September 20th, 1947 whom he had dated since 1941. This was followed by the birth of his four sons over the next ten years. Anthony became a full partner in Star Wire Works in 1960 and managed the firm until his retirement in 1975. Anthony was a firm believer in participating in the democratic process. He used his communications training from the Army to address issues that he felt needed attention. From local political issues to issues affecting his business, he did not hesitate to communicate with elected and appointed officials. This passion was a part of his life until the day he died. A dedicated traveler, Anthony and his wife Ida enjoyed travelling throughout the United States with dear friends as well as travelling on cruises to Bermuda and the Bahamas. He visited his ancestral home in Italy with his wife, father and sister. He reveled in exposing his children and his grandchildren to the wonders of the Jersey Shore and the mountains of Sussex County. Anthony was a lifetime member of the Belleville Political and Social Club (BPSC), which his father helped to found, the AMVET’s and the VFW. He was interviewed in 2010 about the history of the BPSC because of the number of WWII veterans that were members of the club. Anthony is survived by his wife Ida Ethel DeFeo (ne: Cocchia) his sons, John A. and his wife Sharon, Michael V. and his wife Patricia, Alan W. and his wife Lori and Wayne D. and his wife M.Anita Gassert II; his 6 grandchildren; Dana Taboadela, Michael, John W., Melissa & Marc DeFeo, Brittany and Caitlyn Zahn; and his 4 great grand children, Anthony John, Victor and Nicolas Taboadela and Evelyn DeFeo. His parents Vito and Antonette and his sister Edith, also of Belleville, predeceased him. In lieu of flowers, please make donations to: St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital 262 Danny Thomas Place Memphis, TN, 38105 or The Salvation Army National Headquarters 615 Slaters Lane PO Box 269 Alexandria, VA 22313 or through your local Salvation Army location. Ann M. DiRuggiero Ann M. DiRuggiero (nee Perri), 92, passed away at her residence in Belleville, NJ, on Thursday, December 12, 2013. A funeral mass will be offered at St. Peter's R.C. Church, Belleville, on Monday morning, December 16th, at 11 o'clock. Those who wish to attend the funeral may gather at the funeral home at 10 o'clock. Interment will be in Immaculate Conception Cemetery, Upper Montclair, N.J. Guests will be received at the Irvine-Cozzarelli Memorial Home, P.A., 276 Washington Avenue, Belleville, on Sunday afternoon from 2 to 6 o'clock. For additional information visit www.irvinecozzarelli.com or contact 973.759.1114. Complimentary valet parking is available at the funeral home. Born in Pittsburgh, Pa., Ann remained in Pennsylvania until her marriage to Dr. Frank N. DiRuggiero, and subsequently established her permanent residence in Belleville, during the early 1940's. Ann was an administrative assistant with the Belleville Board of Education, retiring from that position. Additionally, she was concurrently employed as a laboratory clerk at the Clara Maass Medical Center, Belleville. She was the past president of the Belleville Public School No. 3 PTA, the past president of the Belleville Consolidated PTA, the past chairperson of the bylaws committee of the Belleville Schools Office Personnel Association, a past congregant and participant in the parish organizations of St. Peter's R.C. Church, and a member of the Rosary and Altar Society of Holy Family R.C. Church, Nutley, N.J. A descriptive of Ann's personality would characterize her as a strong and independent woman who was recognized as the matriarch of her family. Her priority was to her immediate family and she supported that purpose in thought and deed. She never permitted life circumstances to dictate to her destiny; an engaging and entertaining conversationalist, who favored socializing and was recognized as a formidable canasta player, Ann understood the privilege of friendship and in turn was a valued confidant; an individual with a good sense of humor, she possessed a sharp and sometimes mischievous wit, balanced with an inviting and charming manner that put people at ease. She was well traveled and an avid reader. Ann was the beloved wife of the late Dr. Frank N. DiRuggiero; the devoted mother of Judith DiGiorgio,Diane Hutt and her husband Robert, Ralph J. DiRuggiero and his wife Susan, and the late Francis Berlowitz and her surviving husband Ira; cherished grandmother of Darrah, Ashley, Caitlin, Alysha, Meredith, and the late Dina; precious great-grandmother of Gabriella, Becket and Jack; lovingly survived by several nieces and nephews, and her dear caregiver and companion Novelette. Otilio Soler Otilio Soler, 76, passed away at the Clara Maass Medical Center, Belleville, NJ, on Thursday, October 24, 2013. A funeral service will be held on Tuesday morning, October 29th at 11 o'clock, in the funeral home. Those who wish to attend the funeral may gather one hour prior to the commencement of the service. Entombment will be in the Holy Cross Mausoleum, North Arlington, NJ. Guests will be received at the Irvine-Cozzarelli Memorial Home, P.A., 276 Washington Avenue, Belleville, on Sunday and Monday afternoons and evenings from 2 to 4 and 7 to 9 o'clock. For additional information, visit www.irvinecozzarelli.com, or contact 973.759.1114. Complimentary valet parking is available at the funeral home Born in Maricao, Puerto Rico, Otilio resided in Belleville for the last 18 years. He was employed by Hardware Die Casting, Nutley, NJ, as a welder, for 20 years, retiring in 2000. Otilio was a talented musician, capable of playing various instruments and singing. He enjoyed telling a good joke, as much as tending to his garden, and when it came to the kitchen. . . he was a very creative cook. He would often reflect with favor, reminiscing about the old days in Puerto Rico. Additionally, he possessed a strong penchant for applied mechanics and engineering. A collector of unique and interesting flashlights his extensive and diverse collection captured the imagination of the viewer. Otilio was the beloved husband and friend of the late Delia Rullan; the devoted and adored father of Nilsa I. Soler, Marisol Arroyo, Nora N. Paredes, Madeline Soler-Correa and Yahira Liz Camacho; loving brother of Anna L. Soler and Bacilio Soler; he was the loving heart of 8 cherished grandchildren and 5 precious great-grandchildren. Marylee Longo Marylee Longo, 73, passed away quietly at her residence in Nutley, NJ and into the hands of our Lord, on Sunday, September 22, 2013. Born in Newark, NJ, she lived in Nutley for the past thirty one years. Marylee enjoyed living in Nutley and would frequently be seen walking to the Shop Rite, The Nutley Public Library and around town. Her life ended much too soon, but those individuals fortunate enough to have known her will forever cherish the memory of her truly gentle soul, wonderful laugh and love of bright yellow daffodils. Marylee was employed by Seton Leather, where she was an outstanding executive assistant and office manager. She retired from Prudential Insurance and dedicated herself to the care of her now late mother, Lena Longo. Marylee and her mother were devoted fans of the New York Yankees and enjoyed watching every broadcast game together. She was an avid reader with a special interest in biographies of royal historic figures. Her quest for knowledge was insatiable and conversations with her were always captivating and informative. Marylee was an ardent member of the Pete Sampras fan club. A loyal collector of "Pistol Pete's" memorabilia, her prize possession was a tennis ball Pete hit into the stands which she caught during the Men’s Advanta Championships, in 1997. Marylee's collection of items with a penguin motif was substantial and captured the imagination of the viewer. Marylee is survived by her brothers Andrew (Rebecca) and Joseph; sister in law Nancy; nephew Jason (Trina); dear friends Anna and Edward, and many other wonderful friends and acquaintances. Services were conducted privately by the Irvine-Cozzarelli Memorial Home, P.A. 276 Washington Avenue Belleville, NJ 07109 See www.irvinecozzarelli.com or for additional information contact 973.759.1114. The family encourages everyone to always perform random acts of kindness and to grow beautiful yellow daffodils in memory of Marylee. John E. Idenden John E. Idenden, Sr., 92, passed away at the Van Dyk Manor of Montclair, Montclair, NJ, on Thursday, September 19, 2013. The family will receive guests on Friday afternoon, September 27th at 12 Noon, prior to the commencement of a funeral service at 1 o'clock in the Irvine-Cozzarelli Memorial Home, P.A., 276 Washington Avenue Belleville, NJ 07109 www.irvinecozzarelli.com or for additional information contact 973.759.1114. Interment will be in the Glendale Cemetery, Bloomfield. Complimentary valet parking is available at the funeral home. Born in Glen Ridge, NJ, John was a lifelong resident of Belleville, NJ. During his adolescence he was a member of the Belleville Boy Scout Troop No. 333, achieving the prestigious rank of Eagle Scout. John later went on to graduate in 1942 from the Newark College of Engineering. During WWII Mr. Idenden worked on the Manhattan Project in the capacity of an engineer. He was employed by Exxon, Florham Park, NJ as a chemical engineer, affiliated with the Research and Development Department, for 38 years, retiring in 1983. He was a longtime member of the Christ Episcopal Church, Belleville, holding several posts including Junior and Senior Warden, layreader and Chairman of the Church Cemetery Committee. John was the beloved husband of the late Nancy C. Idenden; the devoted father of Jack, Bill and his wife Elaine, Tom and the late Rev. Nancy L. Idenden; dear brother of Frederick; the loving grandfather of Michael and his wife Marianne, Andrew and James, and the cherished great-grandfather of Nicholas and Michael. The family requests, in lieu of floral tributes, memorial donations be extended in John's name to: St. Barnabas Hospice & Palliative Care 95 Old Short Hills Road West Orange, NJ 07052. Ethel J. Mathews Ethel J. Matthews, 93, passed away at the West Hudson Post Acute Care Center, Kearny, NJ, on Tuesday, September 3, 2013. Born in Scranton, PA, Ethel resided there until 1946, moving to East Orange in 1959, she later moved to Livingston where she remained until 2001, thereafter becoming a resident of Belleville and subsequently established her permanent residence since 2007 in Kearny. Ethel was the wife of the late Willard L. Matthews; the mother of the late Willard (Bill) Matthews; mother in law of Marie Grace Matthews; grandmother of Richard Matthews and Dr. Nancy Matthews Herrick, DVM, and the great-grandmother of two great-grandchildren. A memorial funeral service will be held in Ohio. Funeral arrangements conducted by the Irvine-Cozzarelli Memorial Home, P.A. 276 Washington Avenue, Belleville, NJ www.irvinecozzarelli.com or call 973.759.1114 for additional information. Robert Rudden, Sr. Robert (Bob) Rudden, Sr., 86, passed away on July 6, 2013 at his home in Glen Allen, VA. A memorial service will be held in his honor on Saturday, July 27, 2013 at the Irvine Cozzarelli Memorial Home 276 Washington Avenue, Belleville, NJ 07109. For more information go to www.irvinecozzarelli.com or call 973 759-1114. Gathering for family and friends will begin on Saturday morning at 11:00 o’clock through 2:00 o’clock including aService of Remembrance which will be held at 1:00 o’clock. Complimentary Valet Parking Is Available At The Funeral Home Robert (Bob) Rudden, Sr. was born in Trenton, New Jersey on June 9, 1927. He was married to Helen Rudden (nee Haley) for 60 years until her passing in 2008. They lived and raised their family in Belleville, NJ. Robert leaves behind three sons, Jeffrey, 5th Battalion Chief, Ret., Newark Fire Department (Mahwah, NJ), Patrick (Lake Hopatcong, NJ) and Robert (Powhatan, VA); daughter-in-law Jessica Gotthold of Mahwah, NJ, sisters Doris of Toms River, NJ and Helen of Florida, a host of nieces and nephews, and his loyal canine companion Honey. Robert’s brother Patrick predeceased him in 1953. Robert enlisted in the Navy and was a member of the 78th Construction Battalion SeaBees, serving in the Pacific during World War II. An injury in Okinawa returned him stateside and he received an honorable discharge in July of 1950. Bob graduated from Clifton High School, Lincoln Technical Institute and the Newark College of Engineering, class of 1959. He began his illustrious mechanical engineering career with Walter Kidde in Belleville, NJ. During his tenure with the company, Bob was commissioned by NASA to work on the Mercury, Gemini and Apollo spacecrafts. He subsequently worked for General Dynamics and then Alpha Laval, from which he retired in 1991. Bob and Helen moved from Belleville to Hillsboro, NJ and subsequently to Pleasant Valley, NY, and then to Glen Allen, VA, where he joined the U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary 5th District Flotilla 34 in Virginia and was the Division III Commander in 1998. One of the things Robert was most proud of was establishing Boy Scout Troop 351 in 1961, where he led the troop as Scout Master until 1967. His troop produced nine Eagle Scouts and a graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy. Another facet of Bob’s life was flying. At the age of 83 he took to the skies and was known to buzz his neighborhood! Robert was a member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, a Certified Gold Member of the American Welding Society, a member of the American Society of Nuclear Auditors, and a member of the Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association. In lieu of flowers the family of Robert Rudden, Sr. is gratefully accepting donations to The National Foundation for Animal Rescue (NFFAR), P.O. Box 565, Saddle River, NJ 07458 or online at www.nffar.org. John “Jack” W. Gilbert John “Jack” W. Gilbert, 74, passed away at his residence in Estell Manor, NJ, after a valiant battle to defeat his illness, on Monday, May 27, 2013. A funeral service will be held on Monday morning, June 3rd, at 10 o’clock in the Irvine-Cozzarelli Memorial Home, P.A. 276 Washington Avenue Belleville, NJ 07109 www.irvinecozzarelli.com or call 973.759.1114, for additional information. Guests will be received by the family on Sunday afternoon and evening from 2 to 5 and 7 to 9 o’clock in the funeral home. Final disposition will be private. COMPLIMENTARY VALET PARKING IS AVAILABLE AT THE FUNERAL HOME Born in Passaic, NJ, Jack lived most of his life in Belleville, subsequently relocating to Estell Manor, ten years ago. Jack lived the American Dream. He began a 37 year career employed by the Township of Belleville, Department of Public Works, as a laborer and truck driver, rising to the office of Superintendent of the Belleville Department of Public Works, the position he would retire from 20 years later. He was revered as the director, and earned admiration and respect for his efforts especially during dangerous storms. His priority was to keep the township citizens safe, and to protect the municipal buildings, schools and churches from damage. He was an avid fisherman, a devoted Yankee fan, and also enjoyed an occasional trip to Atlantic City. Jack is survived by his caring and loving wife Maureen (Lawlor) Gilbert; the devoted father of Elizabeth Williams and her husband Richard, and Bill Gilbert and his wife Lisa; the loving grandfather of Ryan and Morgan, a sister and two nieces. In lieu of floral tributes please extend memorial donations to: Boys Town PO Box 6000 Boys Town, NE 68010 Joseph C. Wells Joseph C. Wells, 81, passed away at The Canterbury at Cedar Grove, Cedar Grove, NJ, on Monday, May 27, 2013. A funeral service will be held in the funeral home on Saturday, June 1st at 12 noon. Guests will be received at the: Irvine-Cozzarelli Memorial Home, P.A. 276 Washington Avenue Belleville, NJ 07109 www.irvinecozzarelli.com or call 973.759.1114, on Saturday from 10 AM to 12 noon. Final disposition shall be private. COMPLIMENTARY VALET PARKING IS AVAILABLE AT THE FUNERAL HOME Born in Passaic, NJ, Joe lived the greater part of his life in Belleville, recently relocating to Cedar Grove to present. He was a proud United States Air Force veteran serving during the Korean Conflict. Joe had been the shipping and receiving supervisor with Walsh Consolidated Trucking, of North Bergen, retiring in 1996. He previously was employed by Universal Carloading. Joe was the beloved son of the late Joseph and Julia (Caesar) Wells; the Loving brother of William Wells of Vermont, Edith Hope Kee, Florence Alice Walker, Josephine Marie Brazier, Henry Wells and his wife Patricia, Barbara A. Wells of Virginia, and the late Charles, George, Richard (Dennis), Norman and MaryAnn Wells. He is also survived by many precious family members, nieces, nephews, and dear friends. In lieu of floral tributes memorial donations may be extended to: The Little Zion UAME Food Pantry 154 Stephens Street Belleville, NJ 07109 Or The Belleville Fire Department EMS Division 275 Franklin Avenue Belleville, NJ 07109 Maria Elena Micheo Maria Elena Micheo, (nee Bruschi), 99, passed away at Clara Mass Medical Center, Belleville, New Jersey, on Tuesday, March 26, 2013. A memorial mass is to be scheduled by the family. Mrs. Micheo's cremains will be interred in San Miguel Del Monte, Buenos Aires, Argentina. The funeral arrangements are directed by the Irvine-Cozzarelli Memorial Home, P.A. 276 Washington Avenue Belleville, NJ 07109, www.irvinecozzarelli.com or telephone 973.759.1114 for additional information. Born in Buenos Aires, Argentina, Maria emigrated to the United States in 1995, and established her permanent residence in Belleville, NJ. She was an outgoing, kindhearted individual, having a magnificent and unconditional love for her family. She established by example the admirable purpose of patience, respect, and the strength of love. Maria was a prayerful and compassionate woman, praying the rosary daily. She was a talented and accomplished seamstress, capable of making quality garments. Maria will be missed by her family and those she loved; of comfort are the memories of her deeds and the purpose she manifested in life …. these are the precious gifts that time can never take away. Maria was the beloved wife of the late Juan Francisco Micheo; the devoted mother of Mrs. Maria Munoz, of Belleville, NJ, Francisco Walter Micheo, of Slate Hill, NY, and Ruben Dario Micheo, of Middletown, NY; the loving grandmother of Daniel, Patrick, Diego, Candelaria, Pamela and Valeria, and the treasured great-grandmother of Justin, Ethan and Bonnie. (nee Di Ruggiero) Frances Anita Berlowitz, 58, passed away at Clara Maass Medical Center, Belleville,NJ, on Tuesday, January 8, 2013. A funeral mass will be offered at St. Peter's R.C. Church,Belleville, on Saturday morning, January 12, at 11 o'clock. Those who wish to attend the funeral may gather at the funeral home at 10 o'clock. Guests will be received at the: Irvine-Cozzarelli Memorial Home, P.A. 276 Washington Avenue Belleville, NJ 07109 www.irvinecozzarelli.com or call 973.759.1114 for additional information, on Friday evening from 5 to 9 o'clock. Complimentary Valet Parking is Available at the Funeral Home Born in Newark, NJ, Fran was a lifelong resident of Belleville. She was a payroll specialist with ADP, Parsippany, NJ for 23 years. To know Fran was a wonderful experience in every marvelous sense of the word. She was warm, welcoming, kind, generous and genuine. She embraced life with focus and purpose. A devotee of family values, she had an unwavering concern for the wellbeing of those she cherished. She enjoyed sitting on the beach at Lavallette and basking in the warmth of the sun. Fran had a delightful sense of humor and a charming laugh that was quite memorable. Her love was enriching and reassuring, enabling her family and friends to know happiness will return, again. Fran was the beloved wife of Ira Berlowitz; the devoted mother of Alysha and Meredith Berlowitz; the precious daughter of Ann Di Ruggiero and the late Dr. Frank N. Di Ruggiero; the dear daughter-in-law of Edward and Leatrice Berlowitz; the loving sister of Judith Di Giorgio, Diane Hutt and Ralph J. Di Ruggiero; the fond aunt of several nieces and nephews; the treasured longtime friend of Nina Rubino, and Fran's darling pet dogs. Leo John Brochu Leo John Brochu, 65, passed away at the Lehigh Valley Hospital, Muhlenberg Campus, Bethelehem Pennsylvania, on Friday, January 4, 2013. A funeral mass will be offered at the Cathedral Basilica of the Sacred Heart, Newark, on Friday morning, January 11, 2013, at 11 o'clock. Those who wish to attend the funeral may gather at the funeral home at 10 o'clock. Entombment will be in the Gate of Heaven Cemetery, East Hanover. Guests will be received at the: Irvine-Cozzarelli Memorial Home, P.A. 276 Washington Avenue Belleville, NJ 07109 www.irvinecozzarelli.com or contact 973.759.1114 for additional information, on Wednesday evening from 7 to 9 o'clock and Thursday afternoon and evening from 2 to 4 and 7 to 9 o'clock. Complimentary Valet Parking is Available at the Funeral Home Born in Newark, NJ, Leo remained in the city through his adolescence, moving to Verona, Cedar Grove and Belleville where he resided for several years before moving to Bethlehem, PA for one year. Leo proudly served our nation in the Airforce Reserve, and was dedicated to his vocation as a firefighter with the Newark Fire Department, assigned to the Training Academy, he retired after 39 years of duty in 2010. as a firefighter Leo's career was one of purpose and fulfillment, a recipient of numerous awards, commendations and official citations. He was the former president and a board member of the Newark Firemen Federal Credit Union. A descriptive of Leo's personality would characterize him as charismatic, genuinely sincere, free from pretense, generous in thought and deed, but not obtrusive. He enjoyed living the good life and was the life of the party. He had a terrific sense of humor and was also a compassionate man. Leo held steadfast as a provider, with and uninterrupted work history from the age of nine years old. He was a sharp dresser and prided himself on his appearance. His life was enriched by the love he had for his precious daughters and his grandchildren, a love so profound the mere words could not adequately describe what his heart wanted to say. Leo leaves behind many gifts that time can never take away and an unforgettable smile that will comfort us as we continue on life's path. Leo was the devoted father of Nicole LaMarca and her husband James, and Brandi Brochu; the cherished grandfather of Gabriella and James LaMarca; the loving brother of Danielle Kazista and her husband Ted, Jeanette Van Skike, and Joe and Diann Brochu; the treasured godfather of Lee Kazista, and fond uncle of several nieces and nephews; the dear friend of Carolyn Maloney, and he is also survived by a lifetime of great friends. EVERYBODY LOVED LEO Marjorie Helen Klingner (nee Ebel), 87, passed away at the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, on Sunday, September 30, 2012. A funeral service will be held in the Georgian Reception Chapel of the Irvine-Cozzarelli Memorial Home, P.A. 276 Washington Avenue Belleville, NJ 07109 www.irvinecozzarelli.com or call 973.759.1114 for additional information, on Thursday morning October 4th at 11:30 o'clock. Those who wish may gather one hour prior to the commencement of the service. Interment will be private. Guests will be received at the funeral home on Wednesday late afternoon and early evening from 4 to 7 o'clock. "Complimentary Valet Parking Is Available At The Funeral Home" Born in Belleville, Marjorie remained in the community until 1956, becoming a resident of West Caldwell for the next 50 years, and subsequently established her final residence of six years in Bloomfield, NJ. Marjorie was a member of the Newark Presbytery for many years, a former member of the Emmanuel Presbyterian Church, Newark, where she was active for the greater part of her lifetime and held various positions within the structure of the church. She would later become a member of Grace Presbyterian church of Montclair. Marjorie was a pilot with the Civil Air Patrol, an auxiliary of the Army Air Force Group 221. A descriptive of Marjorie's personality would characterize her as a dignified lady, who possessed a formidable intelligence. She was an engaging conversationalist, with a warm and inviting manner, that fostered many lasting friendships. Marjorie was the beloved wife of the late August W. Klingner, Jr., and survived by family members and friends.
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"https://cdn-bhhha.nitrocdn.com/bnAdPAvvaIYGTqBZAuxPgwgPntZpzJLu/assets/images/optimized/rev-562aaef/kidskonnect.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Lifetime-upsell-3000.png", "https://kidskonnect.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Lifetime-upsell-3000.png", "https://cdn-bhhha.nitrocdn.com/bnAdPAvvaIYGTqBZAuxPgwgPntZpzJLu/assets/images/optimized/rev-562aaef/kidskonnect.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/powered-by-stripe.png", "https://kidskonnect.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/powered-by-stripe.png", "https://cdn-bhhha.nitrocdn.com/bnAdPAvvaIYGTqBZAuxPgwgPntZpzJLu/assets/images/optimized/rev-562aaef/kidskonnect.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/powered-by-paypal.png", "https://kidskonnect.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/powered-by-paypal.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Faisal Nasim" ]	2019-09-03T04:36:53+00:00	Michael Jordan facts & worksheets. Includes lesson plans & study material resources. Available in PDF & Google Slides format. Great for school & home use.	en	https://cdn-bhhha.nitroc…ages/favicon.png	KidsKonnect	https://kidskonnect.com/people/michael-jordan/	Worksheets /People /Michael Jordan Facts & Worksheets Not ready to purchase a subscription? Click to download the free sample version Download sample Table of Contents Michael Jordan is a professional American basketball player and is considered as one of the legends of the sport. He led the Chicago Bulls to six NBA championships and won five Most Valuable Player awards. He also starred in the film Space Jam. See the fact file below for more information on the Michael Jordan or alternatively, you can download our 19-page Michael Jordan worksheet pack to utilise within the classroom or home environment. Key Facts & Information EARLY CAREER Born on February 17, 1963, Michael Jordan is one of the five children of Delores, a bank teller, and James, a manager at the General Electric Company. In 1981, Jordan entered the University of North Carolina, where he became a member of the school’s basketball team. In 1983 and 1984, he was named as the NCAA College Player of the Year. In 1984, he joined the NBA. After a year, he finished his bachelor’s degree in geography and continued to play in the NBA. In the same year, he became a member of the U.S Olympic basketball team. His first appearance in the Olympics was a victory, as they won gold. THE CHICAGO BULLS AND BASEBALL After being drafted by the Chicago Bulls, Jordan received the NBA Rookie of the Year Award, followed by his selection for the All-Star Game. For his second season in the playoffs, Jordan scored more than 3,000 points in a single season, making him the first player to do so since Wilt Chamberlain. In 1990, the Chicago Bulls made it to the Eastern Conference Finals against Los Angeles Lakers. They won their first NBA championship and Jordan proved himself on the court. By 1992, the Bulls won their second championship against the Portland Trail Blazers and dominated the world of basketball after winning back-to-back the following year. In 1994, Jordan tried minor league baseball and returned to basketball in 1995. Again, the Chicago Bulls won against the Seattle Sonics in the 1995-1996 season. Victory for the Chicago Bulls followed in 1997 and 1998, defeating the Utah Jazz. In 1998, Jordan retired from baseball and joined the Washington Wizards the following year as the team’s part owner. Before finally retiring in 2003, Jordan played two seasons for the Wizards. In baseball, Jordan initially became the Birmingham Barons’ outfielder before joining the Scottsdale Scorpions. He was named as one of the worst baseball players, which encouraged him to return to basketball in 1995. BUSINESS VENTURES AND AWARDS In 2018, Forbes estimated Michael Jordan’s profit to be over $1 billion. Among his businesses, his partnership with Nike and ownership of the Charlotte Hornets contributed the most. It was in 1984 when Jordan first signed a deal with Nike. The following year, the signature Air Jordan was launched which gave Jordan 25% in royalties. For more than 30 years, Air Jordan remains to be the best-selling product of Nike. In addition to Nike, Jordan also signed endorsement deals with Upper Deck, Gatorade, Hanes, Coca-Cola, McDonald’s, and Chevrolet. In 1996, the basketball superstar starred in a mixed live action and animation film Space Jam. Formerly known as the Bobcats, Jordan bought a share of the Charlotte Hornets in 2006. By 2010, while holding majority of the shares, Jordan served as the team’s chairman. Between 2001 and 2014, he hosted the Michael Jordan Celebrity Invitational, an annual charitable golf event supporting the several foundations including Cats Care, Keep Memory Alive, Make-A-Wish, and the James R. Jordan Foundation. In 1988, 1991, 1992, 1996, and 1998, Jordan received the Most Valuable Player Award from the NBA. In April 2009, he was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, one of the basketball’s greatest honors. In 2016, US President Barack Obama presented him with a Presidential Medal of Freedom honor. Michael Jordan Worksheets This is a fantastic bundle which includes everything you need to know about the Michael Jordan across 19 in-depth pages. These are ready-to-use Michael Jordan worksheets that are perfect for teaching students about Michael Jordan who is a professional American basketball player and is considered as one of the legends of the sport. He led the Chicago Bulls to six NBA championships and won five Most Valuable Player awards. He also starred in the film Space Jam. Complete List Of Included Worksheets Michael Jordan Facts Basketball Legends Sports Superstars Slam Dunk NBA Basketball History New in Sports! The Space Jam World of Sports Hall of Famers Jordan 23 Link/cite this page If you reference any of the content on this page on your own website, please use the code below to cite this page as the original source. Link will appear as Michael Jordan Facts & Worksheets: https://kidskonnect.com - KidsKonnect, September 3, 2019 Use With Any Curriculum These worksheets have been specifically designed for use with any international curriculum. You can use these worksheets as-is, or edit them using Google Slides to make them more specific to your own student ability levels and curriculum standards.
wrong_mix_domain_birth_00112	FactBench	3	30	https://www.notablebiographies.com/Jo-Ki/Jordan-Michael.html	en	Michael Jordan Biography			[ "https://www.notablebiographies.com/bs/i/biography-sm.png", "https://www.notablebiographies.com/images/uewb_06_img0386.jpg", "https://a.advameg.com/matomo.php?idsite=39&rec=1" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null		en			null	Born: February 17, 1963 Brooklyn, New York African American basketball player Basketball superstar Michael Jordan is one of the most successful, popular, and wealthy athletes in college, Olympic, and professional sports history. Early pro years When Jordan was drafted by the Chicago Bulls they were a losing team, drawing only around six thousand fans to home games. Jordan quickly turned that around. His style of play and fierce spirit of competition reminded sportswriters and fans of Julius Erving (1950–), who had been a superstar player during the 1970s. Jordan's incredible leaping ability and hang time thrilled fans in arenas around the league. In his first season he was named to the All-Star team and was later honored as the league's Rookie of the Year. A broken foot sidelined Jordan for 64 games during the 1985–86 season, but he returned to score 49 points against the Boston Celtics in the first game of the playoffs and 63 in the second game—an NBA playoff record. The 1986–87 season was again one of individual successes, and Jordan started in the All-Star game after receiving a record 1.5 million votes. He became the first player since Wilt Chamberlain (1936–1999) to score 3,000 points in a single season. Jordan enjoyed personal success, but Chicago did not advance beyond the first round of the playoffs until 1988. Jordan concentrated on improving his other basketball skills, and in 1988 he was named Defensive Player of the Year. He was also named the league's Most Valuable Player (MVP) and became the first player to lead the league in both scoring and steals. He was again named MVP in that year's All-Star game. By adding such players as Scottie Pippen, Bill Cartwright, Horace Grant, and John Paxson around Jordan, the Bulls' management created a strong team that won the 1991 NBA title by defeating the Los Angeles Lakers. The next year, the Bulls repeated as NBA champions by beating the Portland Trail Blazers. In 1992 Jordan also played on the "Dream Team," which participated in the Summer Olympic Games in Barcelona, Spain. The Olympic Committee had voted to lift the ban on professional athletes participating in the games. The team easily won the gold medal, winning their eight games by an average margin of 43.7 points. Unexpected retirement In 1993, after a tough playoff series with the New York Knicks, the Bulls met the Phoenix Suns for the NBA championship. When it was over, Jordan was again playoff MVP, and Chicago had won a third straight title. That summer Jordan's father, James, was murdered by two men during a robbery attempt. Jordan was grief stricken, and his father's death, combined with media reports about his gambling, led him to announce his retirement from professional basketball in October. Jordan had won three straight NBA titles, three regular season MVP awards, three playoff MVP titles, seven consecutive scoring titles, and he was a member of the All-Star team every year that he was in the league. In just nine seasons he had become the Bulls all-time leading scorer. In 1994–95 Jordan played for the Birmingham Barons, a minor league baseball team in the Chicago White Sox system. Although the seventeen-month experiment showed that he was not a major league baseball player, the experience and time away from basketball provided a much-needed rest and opportunity to regain his love of basketball. Return to glory When Jordan returned to the Chicago Bulls during the 1994–95 regular season, people wondered, "Could he do it again?" He played well, but he was obviously rusty. The Bulls were defeated in the playoffs by the Orlando Magic. After a summer of playing basketball during breaks from filming the live-action cartoon movie Space Jam, Jordan returned with a fierce determination to prove that he had the ability to get back on top. The 1995–96 Bulls finished the regular season 72–10, an NBA record for most wins in a season, and Jordan, with his shooting rhythm back, earned his eighth scoring title. He also became the tenth NBA player to score 25,000 career points and second fastest after Chamberlain to reach that mark. The Bulls went on to win their fourth NBA championship, overpowering the Seattle Supersonics in six games. Few who watched will ever forget how Jordan sank to his knees, head bent over the winning ball, in a moment of bittersweet victory and deep sadness. The game had been played on Father's Day, three years after his father's murder. The defending champions had a tougher time during the 1996–97 season but entered the playoffs as expected. Sheer determination took the Bulls to their fifth NBA championship. Illness, injury, and at times a lack of concentration hurt the team. In the fifth game of the finals Jordan carried the team to victory despite suffering from a stomach virus. In the 1997–98 season the Bulls were again in the playoffs, and again they faced tough competition. As before, they were able to clinch the NBA championship, and Jordan claimed his sixth NBA finals MVP award. Jordan's other professional life as a businessman was never off track. Profitable endorsements (ads in which he voiced his support for certain products) for companies such as Nike and Wheaties, as well as his own golf company and products such as Michael Jordan cologne (which reportedly sold 1.5 million bottles in its first two months), made Jordan a multimillionaire. In 1997 he was ranked the world's highest paid athlete, with a $30 million contract—the largest one-year salary in sports history—and approximately $40 million a year in endorsement fees. Retired again Jordan retired for a second time in 1999, ending his career on a high note just after the official end of a labor dispute between NBA players and team owners. Many people saw him as the greatest basketball player ever, and his retirement was called the end of an era. In 2000 Jordan became part-owner and president of basketball operations of the Washington Wizards. This made him only the third African American owner in the NBA. He also gained an ownership stake in the Washington Capitals hockey team. Also in 2000, Jordan celebrated the first year of his $1 million grant program to help teachers make a difference in their schools. In September 2001, after months of rumors, Jordan announced that he was ending his three-year retirement to play for the Wizards at age thirty-eight. At a news conference to discuss his comeback, he said, "Physically, I know I'm not twenty-five years old, but I feel I can play the game of basketball on the highest level." The Wizards, who had won only nineteen games the season before, improved with the addition of Jordan. After being voted to play in his thirteenth All-Star game (during which he missed a slam dunk), Jordan had the Wizards in the race for the playoffs until suffering a knee injury and missing the last part of the season. He was also distracted in January 2002 when his wife Juanita, whom he married in 1989, filed for divorce. (They have three children.) The next month the divorce was called off. Jordan said he planned to play one more season for the Wizards. For More Information Greene, Bob. Hang Time. New York: Doubleday, 1992. Gutman, Bill. Michael Jordan: A Biography. New York: Pocket Books, 1991. Halberstam, David. Playing for Keeps: Michael Jordan and the World He Made. New York: Random House, 1999. Jordan, Michael. For the Love of the Game: My Story. New York: Crown Publishers, 1998. Naughton, Jim. Taking to the Air: The Rise of Michael Jordan. New York: Warner Books, 1992. Smith, Sam. The Jordan Rules. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1992.
wrong_mix_domain_birth_00112	FactBench	3	10	https://nationaltoday.com/birthday/michael-jordan/	en	Michael Jordan Birthday	https://nationaltoday.co…56840957-min.jpg	https://nationaltoday.co…56840957-min.jpg	[ "https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=315068065503197&ev=PageView&noscript=1", "https://nationaltoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/456840957-min-1200x834.jpg", "https://nationaltoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/10-Klay-Thompson-676x390.jpg", "https://nationaltoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/12-Jalen-Green-676x390.jpg", "https://nationaltoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/456840945-min-1-676x390.jpg", "https://nationaltoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/456840987-min-676x390.jpg", "https://nationaltoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/33-Stephen-Curry-676x390.jpg", "https://nationaltoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/14-Alex-Vargas-150x150.jpg", "https://nationaltoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/456840962-min-150x150.jpg", "https://nationaltoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Bonnie-Wright-Birthday-150x150.jpg", "https://nationaltoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/456840964-min-150x150.jpg", "https://nationaltoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/456840957-min-150x150.jpg", "https://nationaltoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/456840960-min-150x150.jpg", "https://nationaltoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/12-Rene-Russo-150x150.jpg", "https://nationaltoday.com/wp-content/plugins/wp-facebook-login/public/img/loading.svg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	2022-10-14T13:33:02+00:00	Read on for intriguing facts about Michael Jordan, the N.B.A.'s Most Valuable Player.	en	/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png	National Today	https://nationaltoday.com/birthday/michael-jordan/	Background Michael Jordan was one of James and Deloris Jordan’s five children born on February 17, 1963. Jordan’s family relocated to Wilmington, N.C., when he was young. His father was a G.E. plant superintendent and his mother a banker. In his father’s words: “Work hard and avoid the streets.” At first, Jordan didn’t make his high school basketball team as a sophomore. The next year he made the team. After high school, he got a basketball scholarship to play for Dean Smith at U.N.C. The Chicago Bulls were a losing club that drew barely 6,000 spectators to home games when Jordan was chosen. Jordan swiftly changed that. His style of play and competitive nature reminded sportswriters and fans of Julius Erving, a 1970s great. Jordan’s tremendous jumps and hang time wowed fans throughout the league. He made the All-Star squad his first year and was subsequently voted the league’s Rookie of the Year. Jordan missed 64 games due to a fractured foot from 1985 to 1986, but he returned to score 49 and 63 points against the Boston Celtics in the playoffs, both N.B.A. records. From 1986 to 1987, Jordan began the All-Star game after collecting a record 1.5 million votes. He scored 3,000 points in a season for the first time since Wilt Chamberlain (1936 to 1999). The Bulls won the N.B.A. title in 1993 after a grueling playoff series with the New York Knicks. Chicago had won their third consecutive postseason championship, with Jordan as M.V.P. Two men killed Jordan’s father, James, during a heist that summer. Jordan’s anguish at his father’s death and media reports about his gambling forced him to quit basketball in October. Jordan had won three N.B.A. championships in a row, three regular season M.V.P. awards, three playoff M.V.P. awards, seven consecutive scoring crowns, and was an All-Star every year he played. He was the Bulls’ all-time top scorer in nine seasons. In the 19 years after his debut, Jordan has retired three times. He retired in 1993, then again in 1998, and ultimately in 2003.
wrong_mix_domain_birth_00112	FactBench	0	53	https://westernmustangs.ca/sports/football/roster/jeremy-o-neil/26267	en	Jeremy O'Neil - Football	https://westernmustangs.…ill5_Cropped.jpg	https://westernmustangs.…ill5_Cropped.jpg	[ "https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=3005086&cv=2.0&cj=1", "https://dxbhsrqyrr690.cloudfront.net/sidearm.nextgen.sites/westernmustangs.ca/images/responsive_2022/main_logo.svg", "https://westernmustangs.ca/images/2018/8/11/Jeremy_O_Neill5_Cropped.jpg?width=300", "https://dxbhsrqyrr690.cloudfront.net/sidearm.nextgen.sites/westernmustangs.ca/images/responsive_2022/edu.png", "https://dxbhsrqyrr690.cloudfront.net/sidearm.nextgen.sites/westernmustangs.ca/images/responsive_2022/footer_oua.png", "https://dxbhsrqyrr690.cloudfront.net/sidearm.nextgen.sites/westernmustangs.ca/images/responsive_2022/footer_uSports.png", "https://westernmustangs.ca/images/logos/site/site.png?width=48" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	Jeremy O'Neil (60) Offensive Lineman - 2015: Did not play... 2014: Joined the Mustangs from the Kingston Grenadiers…	en	/images/logos/site/site.png	Western Mustangs Sports	https://westernmustangs.ca/sports/football/roster/jeremy-o-neil/26267	Thanks for visiting ! The use of software that blocks ads hinders our ability to serve you the content you came here to enjoy. We ask that you consider turning off your ad blocker so we can deliver you the best experience possible while you are here. Thank you for your support!
wrong_mix_domain_birth_00112	FactBench	2	66	https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Naismith	en	James Naismith \| Biography, Rules of Basketball, & Facts	https://cdn.britannica.c…mes-Naismith.jpg	https://cdn.britannica.c…mes-Naismith.jpg	[ "https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel/eb-logo/MendelNewThistleLogo.png", "https://cdn.britannica.com/mendel/eb-logo/MendelNewThistleLogo.png", "https://cdn.britannica.com/57/233657-004-69422657/James-Naismith.jpg", "https://cdn.britannica.com/77/9877-004-8C5A694E/James-Naismith-ball-peach-basket-basketball-equipment.jpg", "https://cdn.britannica.com/20/239220-138-58B2E6CD/March-Madness-basketball.jpg?w=400&h=225&c=crop", "https://cdn.britannica.com/74/234474-131-7CBD1A96/Serena-Williams-womens-single-trophy-Australian-Open-Januray-28-2017.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop", "https://cdn.britannica.com/70/250270-131-BAD87926/figures-holding-hands-Canadian-flag.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop", "https://cdn.britannica.com/47/148847-131-607DD61C/Cricket-bat-ball.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop", "https://cdn.britannica.com/07/171007-131-F777FC60/Men-fencing.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop", "https://cdn.britannica.com/55/235355-131-5EA8CFD4/Usain-Bolt-Jamaica-gold-medal-breaking-world-record-200m-Beijing-Summer-Olympics-August-20-2008.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop", "https://cdn.britannica.com/31/142331-131-EE300AF6/basketball-Orange-background-lighting-Homepage-entertainment-history-2010.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop", "https://cdn.britannica.com/44/193844-131-1E4A9F84/ball-net-basketball-game-arena.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop", "https://cdn.britannica.com/86/239086-131-80CE73A7/Red-Bull-Soapbox-Race-Zagreb-Croatia.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop", "https://cdn.britannica.com/53/189653-131-A7E9422A/Kevin-Garnett-shooting-Ronny-Turiaf-Boston-Celtics-2008.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop", "https://cdn.britannica.com/99/190999-131-AFB1BD0F/Kobe-Bryant-Elias-Ayuso-Puerto-Rico-team-2007.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop", "https://cdn.britannica.com/62/192062-131-96B933EF/mug-shot-Colombia-control-agency-Medellin.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop", "https://cdn.britannica.com/53/130653-131-6C7B3BE8/clock-St-John-the-Baptist-cathedral-Lyon-2019.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop", "https://cdn.britannica.com/43/148643-131-2B2237A6/example-landscape-Irish-Ireland-Sligo.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop", "https://cdn.britannica.com/36/162636-131-E4AA93A0/Colosseum-Rome-Italy.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop", "https://cdn.britannica.com/48/221848-131-DF541F62/US-presidential-elections-in-maps.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop", "https://cdn.britannica.com/68/152568-131-E6B869A4/King-cobra-world-snake.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop", "https://cdn.britannica.com/68/220368-131-C835E48E/United-States-electoral-college-votes-by-state.jpg?w=200&h=200&c=crop", "https://cdn.britannica.com/57/233657-050-4F5AC495/James-Naismith.jpg?w=400&h=300&c=crop", "https://cdn.britannica.com/70/250270-131-BAD87926/figures-holding-hands-Canadian-flag.jpg", "https://cdn.britannica.com/77/9877-004-8C5A694E/James-Naismith-ball-peach-basket-basketball-equipment.jpg?w=300", "https://cdn.britannica.com/20/239220-138-58B2E6CD/March-Madness-basketball.jpg?w=800&h=450&c=crop" ]	[]	[]	[ "James Naismith", "encyclopedia", "encyclopeadia", "britannica", "article" ]	null	[ "The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica" ]	1999-05-04T00:00:00+00:00	James Naismith was a physical education instructor who invented the game of basketball as a safe, enjoyable winter exercise for students.	en	/favicon.png	Encyclopedia Britannica	https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Naismith	James Naismith (born November 6, 1861, Almonte, Ontario, Canada—died November 28, 1939, Lawrence, Kansas, U.S.) was a Canadian-American physical-education director who, in 1891, invented the game of basketball as a way to make physical education more enjoyable and less dangerous. , (Read James Naismith’s 1929 Britannica essay on inventing basketball.) Britannica Quiz Spot the Canadian Quiz As a young man, Naismith studied theology and excelled in various sports. In the autumn of 1891 he was named an instructor by Luther Halsey Gulick, Jr., head of the Physical Education Department at the International Young Men’s Christian Association Training School, in Springfield, Massachusetts Gulick asked Naismith and other instructors to devise indoor games that could replace the boring or dangerous exercises used at the school during the winter. For his new game Naismith selected features of football (soccer), American football, field hockey, and other outdoor sports but (in theory) eliminated body contact between players. Because his physical education class at that time was composed of 18 men, basketball originally was played by 9 on each side (eventually reduced to 5). The first games employed half-bushel peach baskets as targets, so a stepladder was needed to retrieve the ball after infrequent goals. Naismith’s original rules, prohibiting walking or running with the ball and limiting physical contact, are still the basis of a game that spread throughout the world.
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Watch trailers & learn more.	en	https://assets.nflxext.com/us/ffe/siteui/common/icons/nficon2023.ico		https://www.netflix.com/ca/title/80203144	1. Episode I 52m Flashbacks chronicle Michael Jordan's college and early NBA days. The Bulls make a preseason trip to Paris amid tension with GM Jerry Krause. 2. Episode II 51m Scottie Pippen rises from obscurity to become one of the NBA's best players. An injury early in Michael's career sows distrust with Bulls management. 3. Episode III 50m Dennis Rodman's attitude and energy help the team win, but bring the drama off the court. The Bulls struggle to overcome the Pistons in the late '80s. 4. Episode IV 52m Phil Jackson's unique philosophy and demeanor take the Bulls to the next level. The team finally gets past Detroit and earns a shot at an NBA title. 5. Episode V 52m From Air Jordan and "Be Like Mike" to the '92 NBA Finals and the Olympic Dream Team, Michael becomes a global cultural icon unlike any other. 6. Episode VI 51m A revealing book and scrutiny of his gambling put a dent in Michael's reputation, but he remains focused on winning a third straight title in 1993. 7. Episode VII 52m Crushed by the death of his father, a mentally exhausted Michael retires in 1993 — to play baseball. The Bulls move on with Scottie in the lead role. 8. Episode VIII 51m Michael's return energizes the Bulls, the city and the NBA, but a playoff loss in 1995 fuels him to work harder than ever to get back on top. 9. Episode IX 51m The Bulls face stiff challenges to their reign in 1997 against Utah and in 1998 versus Indiana. Role player Steve Kerr makes his mark on the dynasty.
wrong_mix_domain_birth_00112	FactBench	3	8	https://kids.britannica.com/students/article/Michael-Jordan/275183	en	Michael Jordan	https://kids.britannica.…-07-14-17-A2.jpg	https://kids.britannica.…-07-14-17-A2.jpg	[ "https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=160638381132823&ev=PageView&noscript=1", "https://pubads.g.doubleclick.net/activity;dc_iu=/15510053/DFPAudiencePixel;ord=1;dc_seg=806891421", "https://kids.britannica.com/resources/img/BkidsLogoDesktop.png", "https://kids.britannica.com/resources/img/BkidsLogoTruncated.png", "https://cdn.britannica.com/75/91975-004-CA714C04.jpg?w=300&h=300&q=85", "https://cdn.britannica.com/20/19320-004-3CF3513D.jpg?w=300&h=300&q=85", "https://kids.britannica.com/resources/img/tour/icon-inspire.png", "https://kids.britannica.com/resources/img/tour/icon-inform.png", "https://kids.britannica.com/resources/img/tour/icon-educate.png", "https://kids.britannica.com/resources/img/tour/icon-subscribe-yellow.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "Michael Jordan", "encyclopedia", "encyclopaedia", "article" ]	null	[]	null	(born 1963). Both literally and figuratively, American professional basketball player Michael Jordan soared higher than any National Basketball Association (NBA) guard before…	en	/resources/icons/favicons/bkids/bkids-favicon-57c.png	Britannica Kids	https://kids.britannica.com/students/article/Michael-Jordan/275183	Chicago Bulls Jordan was the third player chosen overall in the 1984 NBA draft, selected by the Chicago Bulls. The 6-foot 6-inch (1.98-meter) guard quickly demonstrated the wisdom of their choice. In his first season he averaged 28.2 points per game and was named the NBA’s rookie of the year. Wilt Chamberlain was the only other player to score 3,000 points in a season before Jordan did it in the 1986–87 season. Jordan won seven consecutive scoring titles from the 1986–87 season through the 1992–93 season. He led the Bulls to three consecutive NBA championships, in 1991, 1992, and 1993. He also led the U.S. basketball team to a gold medal in both the 1984 and 1992 Olympic Games. Saying that he did not have “anything else to prove,” Jordan retired from professional basketball in October 1993. In 1994 he signed on to play for a minor league baseball team, but after one season he decided to return to basketball. He rejoined the Bulls late in their 1994–95 season. After leading the team to three more back-to-back championships in 1996, 1997, and 1998, Jordan retired for the second time in January 1999. Washington Wizards In January 2000 Jordan bought a share of the Washington Wizards and also became the team’s president of basketball operations. But he soon wanted to return to the court. He gave up his ownership and management positions with the Wizards in September 2001 in order to play on the team. In the 2002–03 season he became the first player in NBA history age 40 years or older to score more than 40 points in a game. Jordan’s final retirement from basketball came in May 2003. Career Statistics and Honors Jordan was named the NBA’s most valuable player (MVP) in 1988, 1991, 1992, 1996, and 1998. He was also the MVP of the finals for each of his six championship seasons with the Bulls. At the time of his retirement in 2003, Jordan ranked third in career scoring, with a total of 32,292 points, behind Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and Karl Malone. Jordan’s scoring average of 30.12 points per game was the highest in league history. Jordan became part owner of the NBA’s Charlotte Bobcats in 2006 and took over control of the team as its majority owner in 2010; he was the first former NBA player to become a majority owner of one of the league’s teams. Jordan was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in September 2009. He was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2016.
wrong_mix_domain_birth_00112	FactBench	3	92	https://online.visual-paradigm.com/community/book/michael-jordan-biography-12lvngqs64	en	Michael Jordan Biography	https://cdn-de-03.visual…54/thumbnail.png	https://cdn-de-03.visual…54/thumbnail.png	[ "https://online.visual-paradigm.com/images/vp-online-with-name.svg", "https://online.visual-paradigm.com/images/vp-online-logo-1.png", "https://online.visual-paradigm.com/images/vp-online-logo.png", "https://online.visual-paradigm.com/images/home/header/presentation.png", "https://online.visual-paradigm.com/images/home/header/pdf-editor.png", "https://online.visual-paradigm.com/images/home/header/infoart.png", "https://online.visual-paradigm.com/images/home/header/diagrams.png", "https://online.visual-paradigm.com/images/home/header/documents.png", "https://online.visual-paradigm.com/images/home/header/flipbook-maker.png", "https://online.visual-paradigm.com/images/home/header/presentation.png", "https://online.visual-paradigm.com/images/vp-ea-with-name.svg", "https://online.visual-paradigm.com/images/vp-sb-with-name.svg", "https://online.visual-paradigm.com/images/templates-menu/visuals-icon.png", "https://online.visual-paradigm.com/images/templates-menu/diagrams-icon.png", "https://online.visual-paradigm.com/images/templates-menu/charts-icon.png", "https://online.visual-paradigm.com/images/templates-menu/flipbooks-icon.png", "https://online.visual-paradigm.com/images/templates-menu/photobooks-icon.png", "https://online.visual-paradigm.com/images/templates-menu/collage-icon.png", "https://online.visual-paradigm.com/images/templates-menu/productivity-icon.png", "https://online.visual-paradigm.com/images/home/header/pdf-editor.png", "https://online.visual-paradigm.com/images/home/header/documents.png", "https://online.visual-paradigm.com/images/home/header/presentation.png", "https://online.visual-paradigm.com/images/home/header/tabular.png", "https://online.visual-paradigm.com/images/home/header/diagrams.png", "https://online.visual-paradigm.com/images/home/header/forms.png", "https://online.visual-paradigm.com/images/home/header/file-conversion.png", "https://online.visual-paradigm.com/images/home/header/infoart.png", "https://online.visual-paradigm.com/images/home/header/photo-effects-studio.png", "https://online.visual-paradigm.com/images/home/header/flipbook-maker.png", "https://online.visual-paradigm.com/images/home/header/powerpoint-viewer.png", "https://rrkwzirfon.de-03.visual-paradigm.com/rest/diagrams/projects/members/avatar?email=AAAAgALXaAB4sRQW3jLKdvgJ1MpyqL5iA1PloGu3wL%2F5WYAq0YgusLoJQlVLMYV4UdrvZFMsItbtY%2FWAb%2F7kV6nFivTbGGjHPYgT5I%2Bzi2m19hwI0V3580thXGnXpPs7Ant8vZCb0FY43nuOV81eFQ5ZmbCmsS2DUEud3os4dZHdHFUlg1ZuvKTWayQY8JdED1Da%2BXG%2BqNbwLKkXF2Yp3pf%2F1fQ%3D&width=48", "https://online.visual-paradigm.com/images/vp-online-sm-white.png", "https://online.visual-paradigm.com/images/footer/x-logo.svg", "https://online.visual-paradigm.com/images/footer/yt_icon_mono_white.png", "https://online.visual-paradigm.com/images/vp-online-sm-white.png", "https://online.visual-paradigm.com/images/footer-ae-logo.png", "https://online.visual-paradigm.com/images/footer-sb-white-logo.png", "https://online.visual-paradigm.com/images/visual-paradigm-white-sm.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "flipbook", "book", "flipbook example", "flipbook demo", "flipbook tool", "flipbook software", "flipbook maker", "online flipbook maker", "online flipbook tool", "online flipbook example", "ebook maker", "ebook software", "ebook example", "online product catalog maker", "online catalog tool" ]	null	[]	null	'Michael Jordan (MJ) Born: February 17, 1963 Listed height: 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) Listed weight: 216 lb (98 kg) Playing career: 1984–1993, 1995–1998, 2001–2003 Position: Shooting guard Also known by his initials MJ, he is an American businessman and former professional basketball player. His biography on the official NBA website states: "By acclamation, Michael Jordan is the greatest basketball player of all time." He played fifteen seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA), winning six NBA championships with the Chicago Bulls. Jordan is the principal owner and chairman of the Charlotte Hornets of the NBA and of 23XI Racing in the NASCAR Cup Series. He was integral in popularizing the NBA around the world in the 1980s and 1990s, becoming a global cultural icon in the process. Playing Basketball Jordan played college basketball for three seasons under coach Dean Smith with the North Carolina Tar Heels. As a freshman, he was a member of the Tar Heels' national championship team in 1982. Jordan joined the Bulls in 1984 as the third overall draft pick, and quickly emerged as a league star, entertaining crowds with his prolific scoring while gaining a reputation as one of the game's best defensive players. His leaping ability, demonstrated by performing slam dunks from the free-throw line in Slam Dunk Contests, earned him the nicknames "Air Jordan" and "His Airness". Jordan won his first NBA title with the Bulls in 1991, and followed that achievement with titles in 1992 and 1993, securing a three-peat. Jordan abruptly retired from basketball before the 1993–94 NBA season to play Minor League Baseball but returned to the Bulls in March 1995 and led them to three more championships in 1996, 1997, and 1998, as well as a then-record 72 regular season wins in the 1995–96 NBA season. He retired for the second time in January 1999 but returned for two more NBA seasons from 2001 to 2003 as a member of the Washington Wizards. Awards & Record Jordan's individual accolades and accomplishments include six NBA Finals Most Valuable Player (MVP) awards, ten NBA scoring titles (both all-time records), five NBA MVP awards, ten All-NBA First Team designations, nine All-Defensive First Team honors, fourteen NBA All-Star Game selections, three NBA All-Star Game MVP awards, three NBA steals titles, and the 1988 NBA Defensive Player of the Year Award. He holds the NBA records for career regular season scoring average (30.12 points per game) and career playoff scoring average (33.45 points per game). In 1999, he was named the 20th century's greatest North American athlete by ESPN, and was second to Babe Ruth on the Associated Press' list of athletes of the century. Jordan was twice inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, once in 2009 for his individual career, and again in 2010 as part of the 1992 United States men's Olympic basketball team ("The Dream Team"). He became a member of the United States Olympic Hall of Fame in 2009, a member of the North Carolina Sports Hall of Fame in 2010, and an individual member of the FIBA Hall of Fame in 2015 and a "Dream Team" member in 2017.', an online flipbook example created with the online flipbook maker of Visual Paradigm. Get inspired by the flipbook examples in our flipbook library. Create your own online flipbook for reports, brochure, catalog, ebook and publish online.	en	/favicon-32x32.png	Visual Paradigm Online	https://online.visual-paradigm.com/community/book/michael-jordan-biography-12lvngqs64	File Converter Convert audio, image, and video files into various formats. Photo Effects Tool Wide range of AI image tools to repair and improve photos.
wrong_mix_domain_birth_00112	FactBench	2	31	https://www.instagram.com/michaelbjordan/%3Fhl%3Den	en	Login • Instagram	https://static.cdninstag…/VsNE-OHk_8a.png	https://static.cdninstag…/VsNE-OHk_8a.png	[]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	Welcome back to Instagram. Sign in to check out what your friends, family & interests have been capturing & sharing around the world.	en	https://static.cdninstag…/VsNE-OHk_8a.png		https://www.instagram.com/accounts/login/
wrong_mix_domain_birth_00112	FactBench	1	72	https://posts.voronoiapp.com/real-estate/House-Prices-Across-Canadas-Provinces--Territories--451	en	House Prices Across Canada's Provinces & Territories 🍁	https://9oyi4rk426.execute-api.ca-central-1.amazonaws.com/production/generate_sharing_image?is_og_image=true&url=https://cdn.voronoiapp.com/public/images/voronoi-House-Prices-Across-Canadas-Provinces--Territories--20240510131303.jpeg	https://9oyi4rk426.execute-api.ca-central-1.amazonaws.com/production/generate_sharing_image?is_og_image=true&url=https://cdn.voronoiapp.com/public/images/voronoi-House-Prices-Across-Canadas-Provinces--Territories--20240510131303.jpeg	[ "https://posts.voronoiapp.com/images/brandLogoDark.svg", "https://posts.voronoiapp.com/images/brandLogoLight.svg", "https://cdn.voronoiapp.com/public/avatars/3c0da578-e0f1-700a-3188-da67e9645746_20240523083748.webp", "https://posts.voronoiapp.com/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.voronoiapp.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fvoronoi-House-Prices-Across-Canadas-Provinces--Territories--20240510131303.webp&w=640&q=75 640w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.voronoiapp.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fvoronoi-House-Prices-Across-Canadas-Provinces--Territories--20240510131303.webp&w=750&q=75 750w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.voronoiapp.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fvoronoi-House-Prices-Across-Canadas-Provinces--Territories--20240510131303.webp&w=828&q=75 828w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.voronoiapp.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fvoronoi-House-Prices-Across-Canadas-Provinces--Territories--20240510131303.webp&w=1080&q=75 1080w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.voronoiapp.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fvoronoi-House-Prices-Across-Canadas-Provinces--Territories--20240510131303.webp&w=1200&q=75 1200w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.voronoiapp.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fvoronoi-House-Prices-Across-Canadas-Provinces--Territories--20240510131303.webp&w=1920&q=75 1920w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.voronoiapp.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fvoronoi-House-Prices-Across-Canadas-Provinces--Territories--20240510131303.webp&w=2048&q=75 2048w, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.voronoiapp.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fvoronoi-House-Prices-Across-Canadas-Provinces--Territories--20240510131303.webp&w=3840&q=75 3840w", "https://cdn.voronoiapp.com/public/avatars/3c0da578-e0f1-700a-3188-da67e9645746_20240523083748.webp", "https://cdn.voronoiapp.com/public/static/badges/power_user.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Visual Capitalist" ]	null		en	/favicon.ico		https://posts.voronoiapp.com/real estate/House-Prices-Across-Canadas-Provinces--Territories--451	What we’re showing The average price of a house across Canada’s provinces and territories (excluding Nunavut), based on data from the Canada Real Estate Association. Nunavut was not included in this analysis. Key takeaways
wrong_mix_domain_birth_00112	FactBench	2	27	https://www.npr.org/2010/02/26/124124912/discovering-the-michael-jordan-of-curling	en	Discovering The Michael Jordan Of Curling	https://media.npr.org/as…400&c=100&f=jpeg	https://media.npr.org/as…400&c=100&f=jpeg	[ "https://media.npr.org/chrome_svg/npr-logo.svg", "https://media.npr.org/chrome/programs/logos/morning-edition.jpg", "https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2019/02/26/we_otherentitiestemplatesat_sq-cbde87a2fa31b01047441e6f34d2769b0287bcd4-s100-c85.png", "https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2019/02/26/we_otherentitiestemplatesun_sq-4a03b35e7e5adfa446aec374523a578d54dc9bf5-s100-c85.png", "https://media.npr.org/chrome/programs/logos/all-things-considered.png", "https://media.npr.org/chrome/programs/logos/fresh-air.png", "https://media.npr.org/chrome/programs/logos/up-first.jpg?version=2", "https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2024/01/11/podcast-politics_2023_update1_sq-be7ef464dd058fe663d9e4cfe836fb9309ad0a4d-s100-c100.jpg", "https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2024/05/15/throughline_tile-art_sq-b72bcfb6d8705d7761d4f421f0be3047631b709c-s100-c100.jpg", "https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2023/11/10/trumps-trial_tile-art_small_sq-71cfb7f3a96f3029db4ca7230c5704c61a351b81-s100-c100.jpg", "https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2024/04/19/tile-wild-card-with-rachel-martin_sq-c9e842a167bab21c50f45fbde9d7d33776e87eda-s100-c100.jpg", "https://media.npr.org/chrome_svg/music-logo-dark.svg", "https://media.npr.org/chrome_svg/music-logo-light.svg", "https://media.npr.org/images/branding/series/olympics-2010-1col-sq-e730cb41d26254d32d22f3d6a1b1ed0a756772cd.gif?s=100&c=85&f=gif", "https://media.npr.org/assets/news/2010/02/26/martin_custom-d796ac0c37f4681dc8303d9a9b48b7bb2b7a6dc7.jpg?s=1100&c=50&f=jpeg", "https://media.npr.org/assets/news/2010/02/26/martin2-23083c5a034bba28c700bc8f23de5d08bb7beb41.jpg?s=1100&c=50&f=jpeg", "https://media.npr.org/images/branding/series/olympics-2010-1col-sq-e730cb41d26254d32d22f3d6a1b1ed0a756772cd.gif?s=100&c=85&f=gif" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Tom Goldman" ]	2010-02-26T00:00:00	The undefeated Canadian men's team plays Norway for the curling gold medal on Saturday. By all accounts, Canada has the best curler — some say the best ever. In fact, an opponent recently called Kevin Martin "the Michael Jordan of curling." But can even that comparison get a curling newbie excited about the sport of sliding stones on ice?	en	https://media.npr.org/ch…icon-180x180.png	NPR	https://www.npr.org/2010/02/26/124124912/discovering-the-michael-jordan-of-curling	At the Vancouver Winter Olympics, the Canadian men's curling team plays Norway on Saturday for the gold medal. The finals are fitting place for the undefeated Canadians — they're from a country that's crazy about the sport of sliding stones across a sheet of ice. And they have, by all accounts, the best curler. Some call Canadian skip Kevin Martin the best ever. In fact, an opponent recently called Martin "the Michael Jordan of curling." And that got NPR's Tom Goldman interested. I've spent these Winter Olympics trying to find an entree into the fascinating and oft-maligned sport of curling. I wanted to understand it, because making fun of it? That story's old and tired. Then I read the Michael Jordan comparison in a local newspaper — and that was my in. Because I know Michael Jordan. We all do. The dunks, the championships, the awe-inspiring shots with the tongue hanging out. Armed with those visions, I went to the athletes' village and met up with the man behind the comparison — John Shuster, the skip of the U.S. Olympic team. Confused already? The skip is essentially the leader of the four-man curling team — or rink. The skip, Shuster says, is the master strategist — the player who best sees how the stones line up after they're slid; who sees opportunities for where to slide the stones to earn points. The skip is always thinking ahead — like a good pool player. And no one does it better, Shuster says, than 43-year-old Kevin Martin. "It really comes down to strategy and execution, and those are the two elements of our sport that make you and a team dominant," Shuster says. "And [Martin] and his teams have been at the top in strategy and execution for a long time, and that's somewhere we're all striving to be." Still, a little vague. Strategy and execution don't exactly conjure up images of Jordan-esque feats of impossibility. I pressed Shuster for examples. What exactly sets Kevin Martin — they call him "K-Mart" — apart? Shuster recounted a moment from the United States' loss to Canada during these Olympics. (Bear with him on the curling details.) The game was 2-1 in the sixth end (an end is like an inning in baseball) and the United States had a chance to earn "a bunch of points," Shuster says. Then, Martin "threw a rock to the backside four foot and they steal one." "And I come down to him and I said, 'You know ... you just played a shot that many people in our world are afraid to play. And there was only one spot you could put that rock and you guys had the guts to do it and you had the ability to put it there.' " Now, that's what I'm talkin' about — guts and delivering the shot! MJ on ice! So, Thursday, I went to Canada's semifinal game against Sweden and watched Martin's shot in the fifth end earn Canada a pivotal two points. His teammates called the shot a "game changer." Afterward, a reporter mentioned that the game was scary at the start, with the Swedes in top form. Martin was quick to give his opponents credit. "They played so well!" As he stood in front of me, I tried to think "Jordan," but I couldn't stop seeing Jerry Lundegaard — that gee-whiz car salesman played by William H. Macy in the movie Fargo. But I had to move beyond appearances. (By the way, Martin is bald like MJ. Well, OK, he's got fringe on the sides — but close.) I tried to listen to Martin carefully. He talked about playing in the gold-medal game and having a chance to win it all after almost doing so in 2002, when he won a silver at the Salt Lake City Olympics. And, sure enough, I heard a Jordan-esque fire-in-the-belly competitiveness — Canadian-style. "I roll with punches pretty good. So it definitely won't be the end of the world if we don't win, but I seriously want to get up that podium one more step." An entire nation will be rooting for him to take that step. If he does, I can already hear the new ad campaign: "I wanna be like Kevin." OK, it needs work, but you get the point.
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Marriage notices often contain very cool descriptions of the event including attire, gifts, travel plans etc. Tribute and presentation notices often give a good idea of the character of your ancestors, and the esteem held for them by others in the community. For information on ordering copies of these documents contact This web site is a copyright work. The reproduction, copying, downloading, storage, recording, broadcasting, retransmission and distribution of any part of these pages (including all text, compilations, graphics and source code) without the written permission of Michael Stephenson is strictly prohibited. Copyright © 2024 Michael Stephenson. All rights reserved. * Although the records in the index are in alphabetical order, there are many 'hidden' names which may be of interest in the index. Weddings for example, have been indexed with the groom's name first. This index will be updated on a regular basis, so I would suggest that it would be a good idea to check back here occasionally to see what's been added. NAME ... DATE ... RECORD TYPE ABBEY MRS. ALEXIA, NEE FALCONER, DIED PORT DALHOUSIE ..1934 .. OBITUARY ABBOT MRS. HENRY, NEE THORNDYKE, DIED PETERBOROUGH ..1922 .. OBITUARY ACHESON MRS. MARTHA, NEE SKELTON, DIED AT ORANGEVILLE ..1934 .. OBITUARY ACKERMAN ISAAC N. DIED AT NORWOOD ..1929 .. OBITUARY ACKERMAN MRS. JACOB, BORN WAUPOOS, DIED TORONTO ..1926 .. OBITUARY ACKERS MRS. CORA, NEE CONLEY, DIED STIRLING ..1927 .. OBITUARY ACKISON A.W. OF SMITH TWP. MOVING ..1927 .. TRIBUTE ACKISON ARCHIBALD, TO JENNIE SWINTON, AT PETERBOROUGH ..1919 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE ADAIR ARTHUR, NORLAND, STORY RE PET DEER AND DOG ..1945 .. ADAMS GEORGE, DIED AT ST.THOMAS ..1929 .. OBITUARY ADAMS JAMES (CAPT) DIED AT TORONTO ..1924 .. OBITUARY ADAMS JOHN, TO MARION JEFFERYS, AT TORONTO ..1922 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE ADAMS LESLIE, PETERBOROUGH, RETURNED FROM WAR ..1945 .. TRIBUTE ADAMS MRS. MARGARET, NEE ANDERSON, DIED PALMERSTON ..1934 .. OBITUARY ADAMS WILLIAM M. (DR) DIED TORONTO ..1930 .. OBITUARY ADAMSON GEORGE, DIED PETERBOROUGH ..1945 .. OBITUARY ADAMSON MRS. CHARLES, NEE HASKILL, DIED PORT HOPE ..1934 .. OBITUARY ADAMSON MRS. WILLIAM, DIED AT TORONTO ..1923 .. OBITUARY ADDERMAN EDWARD, ST. THOMAS, RELATIVES IN AUTO ACCIDENT ..1934 .. FUNERAL ADYE A.R. (REV) OF WHITBY, APPOINTED CHAPLAIN ..1941 .. AGAR WILLIAM, TO BELLA RUSSELL, AT TORONTO ..1923 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE AGNEW GRACE, DIED AT PETERBOROUGH ..1927 .. OBITUARY AGNEW JOHN, TO JENNY EASTERBROOK, NASSAGAWEGA ..1905 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE AGNEW MRS. JOHN, NEE EASTERBOOK, RECENT MARRIAGE ..1905 .. TRIBUTE AIKINS JAMES, DIED NIAGARA-ON-THE-LAKE ..1929 .. OBITUARY AINLAY H.D. EX BRUSSELS, LETTER FROM ALBERTA ..1910 .. AINSLIE JACK, TO FREDA MCMAHON, PETERBOROUGH ..1945 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE AIRESS JESSE, OF PETERBOROUGH, FISHING PROWESS ..1937 .. AITCHISON MRS. TEFORD, NEE ANDERSON, OF KEMPTVILLE, PHOTO ..1931 .. AITKEN WILLIAM, TORONTO TRUCK DRIVER, INJURED ..1927 .. AKERS FREDERICK, DIED AT PETERBOROUGH ..1945 .. OBITUARY AKEY MRS. VERA, TWEED, ASSISTED JAILBREAK ..1941 .. AKHURST JOHN, DIED AT GUELPH ..1934 .. OBITUARY AKNEY HAZEL, OF UXBRIDGE, TEACHER ..1931 .. TRIBUTE ALBION HOTEL, HISTORIC BUILDING BURNS THISTLETOWN ..1923 .. ALDOUS MRS. SARAH, NEE CHAMPION, AT ROCKWOOD ..1929 .. OBITUARY ALEXANDER MRS. ALEX, NEE SANDICK, DIED NORTH OXFORD TWP. ..1930 .. OBITUARY ALEXANDER MRS. SARAH, NEE HUME, DIED TRAFALGAR TWP. ..1905 .. OBITUARY ALEXANDER WILLIAM, DIED BRANT TOWNSHIP ..1934 .. DEATH NOTICE ALEXANDER WILLIAM, DIED FORT WILLIAM, EX PICKERING ..1929 .. OBITUARY ALEXANDER WILLIE, CHILD, TUBERCULOSIS, CAMPBELLFORD ..1922 .. DEATH NOTICE ALFORD HENRY, KILLED CAR ACCIDENT TORONTO ..1928 .. DEATH NOTICE ALGER GEORGE E. DIED AT STIRLING ..1931 .. OBITUARY ALGER ORRA M. DIED OSHAWA, EX CASTLETON ..1941 .. OBITUARY ALKENBACK ELLEN, NAPANEE, BORN MOSCOW VILLAGE ..1945 .. FAMILY HISTORY ALLAN WILLIAM J. OF ALLANDALE, RR ACCIDENT ..1913 .. DEATH NOTICE ALLELY GEORGE, DIED LINDSAY, BORN HOPE TWP. ..1946 .. OBITUARY ALLEN AUSTIN, DIED PETERBOROUGH ..1941 .. OBITUARY ALLEN E.S. PROMINENT NORTH OXFORD FARMER ..1931 .. OBITUARY ALLEN EDWARD, OF SEAFORTH, ARRESTED RUM RUNNER ..1923 .. ALLEN EDWARD, TORONTO, JAILED FOR FISTICUFFS ..1924 .. ALLEN F.B. DIED PORT ARTHUR ..1930 .. OBITUARY ALLEN JOSEPH, DOURO TWP. FARM SALE OF STOCK ..1945 .. ALLEN MABEL, 37 YRS. DOURO TWP. ..1941 .. OBITUARY ALLEN MABEL, DOURO ..1941 .. OBITUARY ALLEN SAMUEL, EAST YORK, GOLDEN WEDDING, PHOTO ..1931 .. ANNIVERSARY ALLEN WILLIAM, DIED AT PETERBOROUGH ..1921 .. OBITUARY ALLENDORF GEORGE, DIED AT KITCHENER ..1931 .. OBITUARY ALLEWELL JOHN, TO EDNA LOWERY, AT BOWMANVILLE ..1941 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE ALLIN RICHARD, OF NEWCASTLE, 50TH WEDDING ..1927 .. ANNIVERSARY ALLISON H.J. SEVERELY INJURED ACCIDENT TORONTO ..1922 .. ALLISON MARIE, PETERBOROUGH BRIDE TO BE ..1941 .. TRIBUTE ALLMAN STANLEY, OF TORONTO, INJURED HAND STREETCAR ..1923 .. ALLUM EDWARD, DIED DEREHAM TOWNSHIP ..1927 .. OBITUARY ALTON SCHUYLER, OF HARROWSMITH, COURT RE WIFE KIRKPATRICK ..1928 .. ALTON STEWART J. BURIED TORONTO ..1930 .. FUNERAL AMARO MIKE, MURDERED TORONTO, INQUEST, BLACK HAND METHODS ..1922 .. AMY THOMAS, PIONEER PREACHER, DIED BURLINGTON ..1923 .. OBITUARY ANDERSON GEORGE R. DIED AT BRAMPTON ..1905 .. OBITUARY ANDERSON JOHN, DIED BRAMPTON ..1930 .. OBITUARY ANDERSON MRS. BEVERLEY, NEE SMITH, DIED AT SIMCOE ..1931 .. OBITUARY ANDERSON MRS. CAROLINE, DIED TORONTO ..1930 .. OBITUARY ANDERSON MRS. ELIZABETH, DIED FIRE NEAR WARKWORTH ..1945 .. DEATH NOTICE ANDERSON MRS. IDA, DIED RIDGEWAY ..1934 .. OBITUARY ANDERSON OLIVER G. DIED EAST WAWANOSH ..1934 .. OBITUARY ANDERSON ROBERT, CROOKSTON, CHARGED MANSLAUGHTER,IMPAIRED ..1941 .. ANDERSON ROBERT, MANSLAUGHTER CHARGE TWEED, CAR ACCIDENT ..1941 .. ANDREWS CARL, TO ANNIE MORGAN, AT TORONTO ..1945 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE ANDREWS FRED, NORWOOD FLYING OFICER, PROMOTED ..1945 .. ANDREWS WILLIAM J. DIED AT BELLEVILLE ..1927 .. OBITUARY ANGER ROBERT, PIONEER BLACKSMITH, BORN MALAHIDE TWP. ..1927 .. OBITUARY ANGUISH MRS. EMMA, NEE SCHRAM, DIED AT ST.THOMAS ..1934 .. OBITUARY ANNAN HARVEY, AND JAMES, TORONTO CHILDREN, SLEEP OUTDOORS ..1923 .. ANTHONY RICHARD, PETERBOROUGH, 5TH BIRTHDAY PARTY ..1945 .. APPLEBAUM MRS. JOSEPH, TORONTO, CONVICTED STILL OPERATION ..1922 .. APPLEBY N. ALEX, DIED MICHIGAN, BORN SHANNONVILLE ..1941 .. OBITUARY APPLEGATH BILL, CAPTURES TORONTO ROBBERS ..1930 .. APTED MRS. E. DIED TOROTNO ..1923 .. DEATH NOTICE ARCHER JOSHUA, FUNERAL AT CAMPBELLFORD ..1934 .. OBITUARY ARCHER RAY, CAMPBELLFORD, NARROW ESCAPE INJURY ..1945 .. ARCHIBALD DAVID, TORONTO, 60TH WEDDING, PHOTO ..1931 .. ANNIVERSARY ARCHIBALD JAMES, OF NEW LISKEARD, AT TORONTO ..1923 .. DEATH NOTICE ARMOUR GEORGE L. DIED PETERBOROUGH ..1945 .. OBITUARY ARMSTRONG A.J. BURIED COBOURG ..1923 .. OBITUARY ARMSTRONG EMILE, PETERBOROUGH, LETTER RE WW2 ACTIVITIES ..1945 .. ARMSTRONG FREDERICK, TO MARJORIE JOHNSTON, AT TORONTO ..1931 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE ARMSTRONG HAROLD, TO CLARA ISARD, AT TORONTO ..1924 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE ARMSTRONG JOHN G. OF PETERBOROUGH, DSO WW2 ..1945 .. TRIBUTE ARMSTRONG JOHN G. PETERBOROUGH, WW2 DISTINGUISHED SERVICE ..1945 .. TRIBUTE ARMSTRONG JOHN M. CAVAN TWP. ..1945 .. FUNERAL ARMSTRONG JOHN M. DIED FROM INJURIES CAVAN ACCIDENT ..1945 .. OBITUARY ARMSTRONG MARGARET, DIED AT MORRISBURG, BORN MATILDA TWP. ..1931 .. OBITUARY ARMSTRONG MRS. EDWARD, NEE MCKINSTRY, DIED TORONTO ..1926 .. OBITUARY ARMSTRONG MRS. GEORGE, NEE AULSEBROOK, AT PARIS, ONTARIO ..1930 .. OBITUARY ARMSTRONG MRS. JAMES, NEE WEAVER, DIED DUNDALK ..1931 .. OBITUARY ARMSTRONG R.H. OF OTTAWA, INJURED WW2 ..1945 .. ARMSTRONG ROBERT A. HOME PETERBOROUGH, LEAVE WW2 ..1945 .. ARMSTRONG ROBERT, BURIED AT HORNBY ..1905 .. OBITUARY ARMSTRONG ROBERT, DIED ELLICE TOWNSHIP ..1927 .. OBITUARY ARMSTRONG THOMAS, DIED SMITHS FALLS, BORN HUNTLEY TWP. ..1931 .. OBITUARY ARMSTRONG WILLIAM, TORONTO FIREMAN, SERIOUSLY HURT ..1934 .. ARNOLD ALFRED, DIED SOUTHWOLD TOWNSHIP ..1934 .. OBITUARY ARNOLD MRS. IRVINE, DROWNED OTTAWA AREA ..1931 .. DEATH NOTICE ARNOLD MRS. LAURA, NEE STITT, EX SMITHS FALLS, AT NIAGARA ..1934 .. OBITUARY ARNOTT GERALD W. CHILD, DIED PETERBOROUGH ..1922 .. OBITUARY ARNOTT MRS. DRUSCILLA, 87 YRS. DIED PETERBOROUGH ..1922 .. OBITUARY ARNOTT MRS. HENRY, NEE MURRAY, DIED BLANDFORD TWP. ..1927 .. OBITUARY ARTHUR MRS. ELDEN, DIED BRIGHTON TOWNSHIP ..1929 .. OBITUARY ASSELSTINE ARTHUR, TO JESSIE SHARPE, AT NAPANEE ..1927 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE ATCHISON ALAN, FRASERVILLE, SECOND BIRTHDAY PARTY ..1941 .. TRIBUTE ATKINSON FRANK H. DIED AT GRAVENHURST ..1934 .. OBITUARY ATKINSON GORDON A. DIED SEYMOUR TWP. ..1937 .. OBITUARY ATKINSON GORDON, OF CAMPBELLFORD, CAR ACCIDENT ..1937 .. DEATH NOTICE ATWOOD MRS.CLINTON, NEE TRAILL, LAKEFIELD, 90 YEARS ..1928 .. TRIBUTE AUGER HAROLD, TO NORMA COTTEN, AT MARMORA ..1945 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE AUSTIN ALLEN, DOURO TWP. ..1941 .. OBITUARY AUSTIN MRS. ANNIE, DIED OSHAWA ..1929 .. OBITUARY AUSTIN MRS. JAMES, DIED AT CHATHAM ..1931 .. OBITUARY AVERY WELLINGTON, PETERBOROUGH, WOUNDED WW1 ..1918 .. AYLASMIDES MRS. STELLA, NEE AYTON, DIED AT TORONTO ..1929 .. OBITUARY AYLESWORTH ISAAC, DIED ODESSA ..1905 .. DEATH NOTICE BABBS HAROLD, TO EDITH LAWS, PETERBOROUGH ..1941 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE BACHELOR GEORGE, THEFT CHARGE AT TORONTO ..1913 .. BACON MRS. THOMAS, NEE HEALEY, DIED PETERBOROUGH ..1945 .. OBITUARY BACON WILLIAM, AND WIFE, AT PASADENA ..1928 .. OBITUARY BADEN WILLIAM, DIED AT INGERSOLL ..1931 .. OBITUARY BADGELEY JAMES T. 79 YEARS, EX DUNNVILLE ..1926 .. OBITUARY BAILEY GEORGE E. MELANCTHON TWP. PIONEER ..1931 .. OBITUARY BAILEY HUGH, TO MARY DWYER, OF DOURO ..1906 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE BAILEY LEVI E. DIED CORNWALL ..1929 .. OBITUARY BAILEY MRS. WILLIAM, NEE LLOYD, DIED WALLACEBURG ..1934 .. OBITUARY BAIN MRS. ANDREW, DIED YORK, HALDIMAND COUNTY ..1934 .. OBITUARY BAINE ROBERT, DIED AT BRAMPTON ..1930 .. OBITUARY BAINES ALLEN, DIED TORONTO ..1922 .. OBITUARY BAIRD J.W. (REV) OF PORT HOPE, BORN BLENHEIM ..1926 .. OBITUARY BAKER CHARLES, DIED NEAR WINGHAM ..1910 .. OBITUARY BAKER HECTOR, PETERBOROUGH, FINED 'BLACK LIST' LIQUOR ..1910 .. BAKER IRA, ONONDAGA TWP. FARMER. 'MASH' CHARGES ..1923 .. BAKER MRS. MALCOLM, NEE ROBERTS, DIED HASTINGS ..1937 .. OBITUARY BAKER MRS. WILLIAM, CAMPBELLFORD, INJURED FIRE ..1945 .. BAKER RUTH, DROWNED OLD WELLAND CANAL ..1927 .. DEATH NOTICE BAKER STANLEY, DIED WHITBY ..1924 .. OBITUARY BAKER THOMAS, SOLINA ..1946 .. OBITUARY BAKER W.J. OF WARKWORTH, AND WIFE, 53 YEARS MARRIED ..1928 .. TRIBUTE BALALRD GORDON, FUNERAL AT PORT HOPE ..1934 .. OBITUARY BALDWIN MRS. OF ECHO BAY, SON HANGED, GIVEN MONEY ..1923 .. BALDWIN ROBERT J. CHILD, DIED AT PETERBOROUGH ..1945 .. DEATH NOTICE BALES GERALD, TORONTO DRUGGIST, ROBBED ..1930 .. BALFOUR DAVID, DIED EMILY TOWNSHIP ..1900 .. DEATH NOTICE BALFOUR WALKER GEORGE, LINDSAY, WOUNDED OVERSEAS ..1945 .. BALL NICHOLAS, DIED LAKEFIELD ..1945 .. OBITUARY BALLAGH RALPH, DIED MICHIGAN, EX GUELPH ..1930 .. OBITUARY BALLANTYNE MRS. JAMES, NEE ALLEN, DIED VICTORIA B.C. ..1922 .. OBITUARY BALLARD GEORGE, MARIA, FAMILY AT WELLESLEY TOWNSHIP ..1930 .. REUNION BANKS ROGER, DIED AT TORONTO ..1934 .. OBITUARY BANNON MRS. RUBY, NEE BRYANT, DIED OMEMEE ..1945 .. OBITUARY BARACCO TONY, OF SUDBURY, FINED FOR STABBING ..1931 .. BARBEAU AZARIAS, DROWNED OTTAWA AREA ..1931 .. DEATH NOTICE BARBER MRS. CHARLES, DIED ATHENS, ONTARIO ..1927 .. OBITUARY BARBER MRS. R. BANKS, DIED STRATFORD ..1929 .. OBITUARY BARBER WILLIAM, TORONTO POULTRY EXPERT ..1923 .. OBITUARY BARCETTA MRS. ROSE, DIED TORONTO ..1923 .. DEATH NOTICE BARCLAY WILLIAM, MURDER CHARGE AT TORONTO, NAN HUDSON ..1929 .. BARKELL BARTHOLOMEW, DIED COBALT ..1922 .. OBITUARY BARKER A.F. OF BANCROFT, WW2 SERVICE NURSING ..1945 .. TRIBUTE BARKER BRUCE, NORWOOD, OVERSEAS, LETTER HOME ..1945 .. BARLOW JESSE, BONARLAW, 59TH WEDDING ..1945 .. ANNIVERSARY BARLOW MRS. ALFRED, DIED FROM FIRE INJURIES, NELSON TWP. ..1905 .. DEATH NOTICE BARLOW MRS. FRED, NEE FORSYTH, POST WEDDING PARTY ..1922 .. BARLOW THOMAS, OF THORTON'S CORNERS, HIT BY CAR ..1923 .. BARNARD JEROME (DR) DIED OREGON, EX SOUTH MONAGHAN TWP. ..1922 .. OBITUARY BARNARD JOSEPH, OF BAILIEBORO, UPCOMING MARRIAGE ..1945 .. TRIBUTE BARNARD SARAH A. DIED PETERBOROUGH, BORN SOUTH MONAGHAN ..1922 .. OBITUARY BARNES JOHN W. DIED TALBOTVILLE ..1927 .. DEATH NOTICE BARNES JOSEPH, AT STRATHROY, BORN EUPHEMIA TWP. ..1934 .. OBITUARY BARNES THOMAS, NIAGARA FALLS, ARSON CHARGE ..1934 .. BARNETT JOHN, 86 YEARS, AT PRESTON ..1931 .. DEATH NOTICE BARNETT MRS. MICHAEL, DIED PETERBOROUGH ..1931 .. OBITUARY BARNHILL NANCY M. DIED NORVAL ..1929 .. OBITUARY BARONE JACK, TORONTO, CHARGED APPLE THEFT ..1931 .. BARONS MRS. THOMAS, NEE DOYLE, DIED BRAMPTON ..1924 .. OBITUARY BARR ALEXANDER, DIED CHATHAM ..1926 .. OBITUARY BARR JOHN A. DIED COBOURG ..1941 .. DEATH NOTICE BARR MICHAEL, COTTESLOE, REUNION PARTY ..1922 .. TRIBUTE BARRETT AGNES, AT HESPELER, PUSLINCH PIONEER ..1929 .. OBITUARY BARRETT SUZANA JANE, DIED PETERBOROUGH ..1922 .. OBITUARY BARRIE DAVID, DIED NORWOOD ..1927 .. OBITUARY BARRIE JOSEPH, TILLSONBURG, NARROW ESCAPE DEATH ..1934 .. BARRINGER LEN, PETERBOROUGH RIFLEMAN, WW2 ..1945 .. TRIBUTE BARROWS ROBERT, DIED AT GUELPH, HALTON PIONEER FAMILY ..1905 .. OBITUARY BARRY EDGAR, OF MAPLE LAKE, HOUSE BURNS ..1927 .. BARRY HARRY E. DIED AT SMITH'S FALLS AREA ..1927 .. DEATH NOTICE BARRY MRS. RICHARD, LINDSAY, 90TH BIRTHDAY ..1945 .. TRIBUTE BARSS LEVI, DIED CALGARY, EX STRATFORD ..1926 .. OBITUARY BARTLETT BENJAMIN, TO ANNIE SINCLAIR, AT BARRIE ..1922 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE BARTLETT MRS. ERNEST, NEE SHERA, DIED PETERBOROUGH ..1941 .. OBITUARY BARTLEY ROBERT, DIED AT WOODSTOCK ..1931 .. OBITUARY BARTON ARTHUR W. DIED AT OSHAWA ..1927 .. OBITUARY BASEST MOSES, TORONTO PAWNBROKER, ARRESTED ..1913 .. BASINGER JAMES, DIED AT COBOURG ..1930 .. OBITUARY BASSETT RICHARD, DIED OSHAWA ..1924 .. OBITUARY BASTEDO WILLIAM, OF PETERBOROUGH, ILLEGALLY HELD ASYLUM ..1927 .. BATCHELOR BENJAMIN, DIED AT BRANTFORD ..1931 .. OBITUARY BATE STANLEY G. DIED AT COBOURG ..1941 .. OBITUARY BATEMAN GEORGE, OF KINGSTON, CAR ACCIDENT ..1937 .. DEATH NOTICE BATEMAN GEORGE, OF MARMORA, BACK FROM WAR ..1946 .. BATEMAN LORNE C. AT SPRINGBROOK, RECENTLY MARRIED ..1941 .. TRIBUTE BATEMAN MRS. ARCHIE, DIED TILLSONBURG ..1934 .. OBITUARY BATEMAN RLWOOD, TO FLORENCE BACON, NEWMARKET ..1923 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE BATES JOHN, 7 YEARS, HIT BY AUTO AT TORONTO ..1923 .. BATHGATE MRS. GEORGE, DIED TORONTO, EX PETERBOROUGH ..1941 .. OBITUARY BATTEN HOWARD, CAR-TRAIN ACCIDENT SIMCOE ..1931 .. DEATH NOTICE BATTLE TALBERT, TO MARIE MARTIN, AT OTTAWA ..1941 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE BATTLEY HAROLD H. DIED ARIZONA, EX STRATFORD ..1934 .. OBITUARY BAUSLAUGH MRS. THOMAS, DIED WINNIPEG, EX BRANTFORD ..1931 .. OBITUARY BAVIN WILLIAM, GUILTY MANSLAUGHTER WINDSOR, HOBO KING ..1927 .. BAXTER MARION, DIED AT LONDON ..1927 .. OBITUARY BAXTER ROBERT, PETERBOROUGH, LAMP EXPLODED, BURNED ..1910 .. OBITUARY BAXTER WILLIAM, TORONTO, ARRESTED BURGLARY ..1923 .. BEAMISH SAMUEL F. DIED AT SMITHS FALLS ..1930 .. OBITUARY BEAN J.L. TO GERTRUDE MCCLENNAN, AT TORONTO ..1931 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE BEAN JOHN, WEST ZORRA TWP. PIONEER ..1923 .. OBITUARY BEAR C.REGINALD, OF LONDON, CAR ACCIDENT ..1937 .. DEATH NOTICE BEARD DUDLEY, TO NAOMI BARRETT, AT TORONTO ..1923 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE BEASLEY MRS. VICTORIA, DIED SANDWICH, BORN VAUGHAN TWP. ..1929 .. OBITUARY BEATRICE MOTHER MARY (GRIERSON) BORN FITZROY HARBOR ..1930 .. OBITUARY BEATTY CHARLES, TO OLIVE FIELD, AT HAMILTON ..1934 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE BEATTY GORDON N. DIED AT TORONTO ..1923 .. OBITUARY BEATTY MRS. JOHN, NEE LYONS, OMEMEE ..1927 .. OBITUARY BEATTY ROBERT, DIED WARKWORTH ..1927 .. DEATH NOTICE BEAULNE AUGUSTIN, DROWNED OTTAWA AREA ..1931 .. DEATH NOTICE BEAUMONT HERBERT, DIED AT TORONTO ..1923 .. OBITUARY BEAUMONT MRS. THOMAS, DIED AT GALT ..1930 .. OBITUARY BEAUREGARD MRS. JOSEPH, DIED AT PETERBOROUGH ..1931 .. OBITUARY BEAVER J.W. BACK FROM OVERSEAS TO ALDERVILLE ..1945 .. BEAVIS AUDREY, ASPHODEL TWP. WEDDING SHOWER ..1941 .. BEAVIS AUDREY, HASTINGS, TO BE MARRIED ..1941 .. TRIBUTE BEAVIS LEWIS, TO MILDRED ROBINS, HASTINGS ..1941 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE BECKER MRS. SARAH, DIED INDIANA, BURIED AYLMER ..1931 .. OBITUARY BECKETT MRS. JAMES, NEE SCOTT, BORN MONTAGUE TWP. ..1929 .. OBITUARY BECKETT MRS. JANE, DIED SMITH'S FALLS ..1929 .. OBITUARY BEDLOW SAMUEL, DIED OSHAWA, BORN BROCKVILLE ..1926 .. OBITUARY BEDORE CLARA, DIED DIPTHERIA, PETERBOROUGH ..1922 .. DEATH NOTICE BEDORE MRS. ANNA, NEE O'GORMAN, DIED NAPANEE ..1934 .. OBITUARY BEECHER GEORGE, DIED BROCKVILLE ..1931 .. OBITUARY BEGGS GEORGE, TO MISS BROOKS, AT MARIPOSA TWP. ..1900 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE BEGGS LEONARD, OF THAMESVILLE, JAILED FOR BURGLARY ..1934 .. BEGLEY THOMAS J. LINDSAY ..1945 .. OBITUARY BEGLEY WILLIAM, PETERBOROUGH, IN FRENCH HOSPITAL WW1 ..1918 .. BEGLEY WILLIAM, SERIOUS ACCIDENT PETERBOROUGH QUAKER OATS ..1922 .. BEITH ROBERT, DIED DARLINGTON TWP. ..1922 .. OBITUARY BELFRY ROY, TO ETHEL HAMILTON, AT LAUREL, ONTARIO ..1913 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE BELL ABRAHAM, 102 YEARS, DIED NELSON TOWNSHIP ..1905 .. OBITUARY BELL ALEXANDER, TO ALICE WORKMAN, AT MARMORA ..1941 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE BELL D.G. 65 YEARS, DIED AT STAYNER ..1931 .. OBITUARY BELL EDLEN, ARRESTED TORONTO FOR THEFTS ..1922 .. BELL MRS. JESSIE, NEE URQUHART, DIED GODERICH ..1927 .. OBITUARY BELL MRS. JOHN, DIED LEEDS TOWNSHIP ..1922 .. DEATH NOTICE BELL ROBERT, SMITH TOWNSHIP ..1931 .. OBITUARY BELL THOMAS, OF SOUTHAMPTON, 60TH WEDDING, PHOTO ..1927 .. ANNIVERSARY BELL WILLIAM A, DIED LAKEFIELD ..1941 .. OBITUARY BELL WILLIAM A. SMITH TWP. ..1941 .. OBITUARY BELLAMY SAMUEL, DIED AT CHATHAM ..1927 .. OBITUARY BELLINGHAM MRS. GEORGE, NEE SHEWEN, DIED LAKEFIELD ..1927 .. OBITUARY BELSHAW MRS. JANE, NEE COMERFORD, STIRLING ..1931 .. OBITUARY BENDER MRS. EVA, OF NIAGARA FALLS, DIED PETERBOROUGH ..1931 .. OBITUARY BENDIR MRS. HIRAM, NEE LIDDLE, DIED AT PETERBOROUGH ..1931 .. OBITUARY BENEDICT JAMES, TO DOROTHY POLLEY, STRATFORD ..1930 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE BENJAMIN FRED P. DIED AT BELLEVILLE ..1934 .. OBITUARY BENNETT EDWARD, PORT CREDIT,ARRESTED AFTER AUTO COLLISION ..1930 .. BENNETT MRS. SARAH, NEE HADLEY, AT NEW YORK, EX CHATHAM ..1927 .. OBITUARY BENNETT ROBERT, PETERBOROUGH ..1927 .. DEATH NOTICE BENNEWEIS HENRY, NATIVE OF LOGAN TOWNSHIP ..1934 .. OBITUARY BENSON DAVID M. CHILD, DIED PETERBOROUGH ..1922 .. DEATH NOTICE BENSON JOHN, LEAVING BETHANY FOR PONTYPOOL ..1900 .. BERNARDO MIKE, TORONTO, CLAIMS BLACK HAND AFTER HIM ..1923 .. BERNIER MARCELE, DIED WALLACEBURG, EX QUEBEC ..1926 .. OBITUARY BERRY ELBRIDGE, TO FLORENCE FAIRFIELD, AT PETERBOROUGH ..1941 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE BERRY JOSEPH, GUILTY CRIMINAL NEGLIGENCE TORONTO ..1934 .. BERTRAM JOHN H. DIED FLORIDA, EX LINDSAY ..1945 .. OBITUARY BERTRAND HOMER, OF TILBURY EAST TWP. MISSING ..1927 .. BEST BEATRICE MARY, OF CARLISLE ..1934 .. DEATH NOTICE BEST GEORGE, TO CORA BELLAMY, FLESHERTON ..1906 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE BEST HERBERT, FULLARTON TWP. NARROW ESCAPE DEATH FIRE ..1931 .. BEST JOHN L. DIED AT TORONTO ..1927 .. DEATH NOTICE BEST W.J. OTTAWA BUSINESS MAN ..1926 .. OBITUARY BESWETHERICK JAMES, OF CODRINGTON, GOLDEN WEDDING ..1923 .. ANNIVERSARY BETTLE F.R. OF TORONTO, GOLDEN WEDDING ..1934 .. ANNIVERSARY BETTS CLARA E. DIED TILLSONBURG ..1922 .. OBITUARY BEVINS MRS. HARRIET, NEE JOHNSON, DIED INGERSOLL ..1934 .. OBITUARY BEYTES W.J. SAULT STE. MARIE RCMP OFFICER ..1923 .. OBITUARY BEZEAU JOHN, OF TRENTON, RAILWAY ACCIDENT, INQUEST ..1924 .. DEATH NOTICE BIBBY FRANCIS, TO BERNICE CLARKE, CAMPBELLFORD ..1941 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE BICE REGINALD, ARRESTED THEFT TORONTO ..1930 .. BICKELL EPHRAIM, AT LAKEFIELD ..1931 .. FUNERAL BICKELL EPHRAIM, DIED LAKEFIELD ..1931 .. OBITUARY BIDDLE JAMES, DIED BLLOMFIELD ..1930 .. OBITUARY BIERWORTH MRS. ALBERT, NEE FRANSKY, BANCROFT ..1945 .. OBITUARY BIGELOW ROBERT H. DIED PETERBOROUGH ..1941 .. OBITUARY BIGGIN WESLEY, PALMERSTON, HIT BY TRAIN ..1923 .. DEATH NOTICE BILINSKA MRS. ANNIE, OF LONDON, PROCURING CHARGE ..1934 .. BILLINGS JAMES SR. DIED AURORA ..1929 .. OBITUARY BINE CARMAN, SIDNEY TWP. BARN BURNS ..1941 .. BING ARCHIE, A RUSSIAN, DIED TOROTNO ..1923 .. DEATH NOTICE BINGLEY MRS. WILLIAM, DIED TORONTO ..1923 .. DEATH NOTICE BINNIE MRS. THOMAS, DIED ERIN TOWNSHIP ..1924 .. OBITUARY BIRCHARD JAMES, LINDEN VALLEY SABBATH SCHOOL WORK ..1900 .. TRIBUTE BIRD MARY ALICE, DIED BRANTFORD ..1930 .. OBITUARY BIRKETT MRS. ALBERTINA, DIED AT STARTFORD ..1934 .. OBITUARY BIRMINGHAM ALBERT, OF KIRKFIELD, ACCIDENT WAHNAPITOO ..1906 .. DEATH NOTICE BIRRELL JOHN E. DIED RR ACCIDENT NEAR GUELPH ..1900 .. DEATH NOTICE BISHOP ERIC, TO EFFIE DINSDALE, AT BROCKVILLE ..1945 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE BISSONETTE J.D. (DR) DIED AT STIRLING ..1922 .. DEATH NOTICE BISSONNETTE J.D. DIED AT STIRLING ..1922 .. OBITUARY BITHRAY MRS. THOMAS, PETERBOROUGH ..1931 .. DEATH NOTICE BLACK ALEXANDER, DIED EXPOSURE COBOCONK AREA ..1931 .. DEATH NOTICE BLACK HADDOW F. DIED AT BLAIR, STAR HOCKEY PLAYER ..1931 .. OBITUARY BLACK NORMAN, DIED AT FARGO, EX COBOURG ..1931 .. OBITUARY BLACK ROBERT, LEAVING PETERBOROUGH ..1919 .. PRESENTATION BLACKBURN GEORGE, OF KING TWP. GOLDEN WEDDING ..1922 .. ANNIVERSARY BLACKLOCK MRS. JAMES, DIED GRAFTON ..1930 .. OBITUARY BLACKWELL B.S. MOUNT HOREB TEACHER ..1900 .. TRIBUTE BLACKWELL GORDON, PETERBOROUGH, TO JULIA KENNY ..1946 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE BLADES MRS. J. DIED ENGLAND, DAUGHTERS IN ONTARIO ..1922 .. DEATH NOTICE BLAIN MRS. AGNES, NEE SAMPLE, DIED ROCKWOOD ..1910 .. OBITUARY BLAINE ROBERT, OF EDMONTON, BACK VISITING LINDSAY ..1900 .. BLAIR DONALD, NOTTAWASAGA TOWNSHIP PIONEER ..1923 .. OBITUARY BLAIR WALLACE, OF CHICAGO, BACK VISITING MILTON ..1905 .. BLAIR WILLIAM, TORONTO, GUILTY BIGAMY ..1922 .. BLAKE ALICE, DIED WARKWORTH, BORN HALDIMAND TWP. ..1946 .. OBITUARY BLAKE JAMES, DIED RIDGETOWN ..1934 .. OBITUARY BLAKE JAMES, RUNS AMOK IN TORONTO AFTER WINE DRINKING ..1934 .. BLAKELY HELEN, THOMASBURG, TO BE MARRIED ..1931 .. TRIBUTE BLAKER GEORGE, INDIAN JAILED FOR ASSAULTING CONSTABLE ..1934 .. BLANCHARD MATTHEW, FAMILY REUNION AT GRIMSBY ..1930 .. REUNION BLANCHARD MRS. FRANK, NEE GARDINER, DIED SMITH'S FALLS ..1929 .. OBITUARY BLANEY GEORGE, TORONTO, ARRESTED BURGLARY ..1923 .. BLEECKER CHARLES A. AT MARMORA ..1945 .. FUNERAL BLEECKER CHARLES ARCHIBALD, DIED MARMORS ..1945 .. OBITUARY BLEWETT MRS. CLARA, NEE KIDD, DIED TORONTO, EX PETERBORO ..1945 .. OBITUARY BLEWETT MRS. COLEMAN, NEE MCKINNON, DIED PETERBOROUGH ..1945 .. OBITUARY BLEZARD MRS. JOHN, BURIED WARKWORTH ..1937 .. DEATH NOTICE BLIGHT H.M. GOLDEN WEDDING AT DUGGAN AVE. TORONTO ..1927 .. ANNIVERSARY BLIZZARD ALBERT, DIES FROM HORSE KICK NEAR NEWMARKET ..1923 .. OBITUARY BLODGETT FERN, EX PETERBOROUGH, WIRELESS OPERATOR ..1941 .. BLODGETT FERN, PETERBOROUGH WAR TELEGRAPHER ..1941 .. TRIBUTE BLODGETT WILLIAM A. DIED CENTRETON ..1941 .. OBITUARY BLOODWORTH JOHN, BURFORD TWP. FARMER, DIED WOODSTOCK ..1929 .. OBITUARY BLYTH ALEXANDER, DIED AT TORONTO ..1922 .. OBITUARY BOAK MRS. THOMAS, DIED JAMESTOWN, EX TRAFALGAR TWP. ..1905 .. OBITUARY BOECKH AUGUST, DIED MONTREAL, BURIED TORONTO ..1929 .. OBITUARY BOESE W.C. KITCHENER LUTHERAN PASTOR ..1922 .. OBITUARY BOLAND HENRY M. DIED MONTREAL, BORN TORONTO ..1927 .. OBITUARY BOLAND THOMAS, DIED AT GEORGETOWN ..1923 .. OBITUARY BOLES FRASER, SERIOUS INJURIES HORSE KICK SUTTON ..1924 .. BOLIN BRIDGET GERTRUDE, DIED ROCHESTER, EX OTONABEE TWP. ..1927 .. OBITUARY BOLSTER W.D. OF COBOURG, BACK ON LEAVE, WW2 ..1945 .. BOLTON EDWARD, TO EDNA MCFARLAND, AT TORONTO ..1934 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE BOLTON MRS. THOMAS, DIED SEBRINGVILLE, EX PETERBOROUGH ..1929 .. OBITUARY BOLTON PATRICK J. DIED AT PETERBOROUGH ..1941 .. OBITUARY BOLTON PATRICK, AT PETERBOROUGH ..1941 .. BOND ALVERA, 18 YEARS, DIED TORONTO ..1924 .. OBITUARY BOND CHARLES A. DIED AT TORONTO ..1924 .. OBITUARY BONHAM MRS. JOHN, NEE PINKNEY, TORONTO TOWNSHIP PIONEER ..1929 .. OBITUARY BONISTEEL MRS. CHARLES, DIED AT BELLEVILLE ..1922 .. OBITUARY BONNEVILLE DORIS, AT PETERBOROUGH ..1931 .. FUNERAL BOON FRED, ASSAULT CHARGE AT TORONTO ..1923 .. BOOTH FRANCIS H. SMITH TWP. CHARGED THEFTS ..1945 .. BOOTH FRANCIS, GUILTY BREAK AND ENTER PETERBOROUGH ..1945 .. BOOTH FRANK, PETERBOROUGH, GUILTY PLEA TO CHARGES ..1945 .. BOOTH LEVI, TO ALICE REID, PETERBOROUGH ..1922 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE BOOTHBY MRS. WILLIAM, DIED AT TORONTO ..1945 .. DEATH NOTICE BOOTHE BETTY, PEGGY, CAROL, TORONTO CHILDREN, GAS FUMES ..1945 .. DEATH NOTICE BOOTHE MRS. PEGGY, TORONTO, CHARGED MURDER OF CHILDREN ..1945 .. BOREHAM M.E. (PAT) PETERBOROUGH, MEDAL FROM KING ..1945 .. TRIBUTE BORLAND JOHN R. 90 YEARS, DIED INDIAN RIVER ..1945 .. OBITUARY BORLAND THOMAS, DIED AT PETERBOROUGH ..1921 .. OBITUARY BORNEMAN HERMAN, OF GRAVENHURST, LOSES ARM IN PLANER ..1934 .. BOSWORTH MRS. ANNIE, DIED NEWMARKET, BORN SHARON VILLAGE ..1923 .. OBITUARY BOTHWELL JOHN, FRAZERVILLE, WOUNDED BY SHOTGUN ..1927 .. BOUCHER MRS. BERNICE, SUICIDE AT BOSTON, EX TORONTO ..1922 .. DEATH NOTICE BOURKE MRS. P, DIED AT PETERBOROUGH ..1922 .. DEATH NOTICE BOURNE MRS. ELLEN, PETERBOROUGH ..1918 .. DEATH NOTICE BOWEN CHARLES, WARKWORTH, TESTIMONY AT DR.WEST INQUEST ..1927 .. BOWEN FRASER S. OF PETERBOROUGH, OVERSEAS, LETTER HOME ..1945 .. BOWEN MARY M. DIED PETERBOROUGH ..1918 .. OBITUARY BOWERS JOHN F. OF TORONTO, ARRESTED TRUCK THEFT ..1945 .. BOWES RICHARD, DIED AT WIARTON ..1929 .. OBITUARY BOWLBY MRS. EDITH, NEE ADAMS, DIED WALKERVILLE ..1931 .. OBITUARY BOWLER MRS. ANNIE, NEE HASLIP, DIED BELLEVILLE ..1945 .. OBITUARY BOWMAN GEORGE, DETROIT,TO ETHEL THOMPSON, EX PETERBORO ..1945 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE BOWMAN MRS. LYDIA, DIED SOUTHAMPTON ..1927 .. OBITUARY BOWMAN MRS. MATILDA, EX ESQUESING TOWNHIP RESIDENT ..1929 .. OBITUARY BOX WILLIAM T. DIED AT SEAFORTH ..1927 .. OBITUARY BOYCE GEORGE, WARKWORTH, TESTIMONY DR.WEST INQUEST ..1927 .. BOYCE MRS. WELLINGTON, NEE AYERS, FUNERAL LAKEFIELD ..1918 .. OBITUARY BOYCE WILLIAM, DIED MICHIGAN, EX PERCY TWP. ..1934 .. DEATH NOTICE BOYCE WILLIAM, OF ELMVALE, INTOXICATED DRIVING ..1928 .. BOYD DANIEL, PETERBOROUGH POLICE, BRUTALLY ASSAULTED ..1919 .. BOYD GUY, DIED STRATHROY ..1930 .. OBITUARY BOYD JOHN A. DIED CAMPBELLFORD ..1945 .. OBITUARY BOYD JOHN, DIED SMITH'S FALLS ..1929 .. OBITUARY BOYD MRS. GEORGE, DIED NIAGARA FALLS ..1926 .. DEATH NOTICE BOYLE MARTIN, DIED PETERBOROUGH ..1931 .. DEATH NOTICE BRACKENRIDGE DAVID, WESTWOOD ..1945 .. FUNERAL BRACKENRIDGE WILLIAM C. ASPHODEL TWP. ..1945 .. OBITUARY BRADBURN JOHN, CAVAN, 5OTH WEDDING ..1931 .. ANNIVERSARY BRADBURY CLIFFORD, COBOURG, MISSING TRAINING FLIGHT ..1941 .. BRADFORD JOSEPH, KILLED RR ACCIDENT NEAR MILTON ..1905 .. DEATH NOTICE BRADLEY GEORGE, TO MYRTLE MOORE, OMEMEE ..1931 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE BRADLEY LLOYD, WESTBORO, HELD THEFT CHARGE ..1945 .. BRADLEY MRS. JOHN, DIED HARRISTON ..1931 .. OBITUARY BRADLEY MRS. MARY, DIED THURLOW TWP. ..1927 .. DEATH NOTICE BRADSHAW J.H. OF WAINFLEET, GOLDEN WEDDING ..1934 .. ANNIVERSARY BRADSHAW WESLEY, DIED PETERBOROUGH 1930 ..1931 .. TRIBUTE BRADY ROBERT H. DIED HUNGERFORD TWP. ..1941 .. OBITUARY BRAGG WILLIAM J. BORN DALINGTON, DIED ACCIDENT TORONTO ..1941 .. OBITUARY BRAKE MRS. HENRY, NEE COOLEY, DIED CALGARY, EX PETROLEA ..1930 .. OBITUARY BRANDON WILLIAM, OMEMEE, NARROW ESCAPE FROM DROWNING ..1922 .. BRANT HAZEL, (BABY) TORONTO, SMOTHERS IN CARRIAGE ..1931 .. DEATH NOTICE BRATT CHARLES, AMHERSTBURG, 60TH WEDDING ..1922 .. ANNIVERSARY BREADMAN CHARLES, GOLDEN WEDDING, EX PETERBOROUGH ..1945 .. ANNIVERSARY BREALEY WILLIAM, TO GLADYS AKISON, PETERBOROUGH ..1922 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE BRECK CATHERINE, PETERBOROUGH ..1921 .. FUNERAL BREEN MADELINE, AT WHITBY ..1923 .. FUNERAL BREMNER JOHN, DIED MOOSE JAW, EX BANCROFT ..1945 .. OBITUARY BRENNER NATHAN, MYER, FRAUD CHARGES AT TORONTO COURT ..1922 .. BRETHERICK ERNEST W. 13 YEARS, DIED MERRITON ..1923 .. OBITUARY BRICKMAN CARL, TO EDNA STEWART, PETERBOROUGH ..1922 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE BRIDGE JOHN, USA TRUCKING BUSINESS, EX PETERBOROUGH ..1941 .. TRIBUTE BRIGGER WILLIAM J. DIED AT HAMILTON ..1927 .. OBITUARY BRIGGS WILLIAM H. DIED BROCKVILLE ..1930 .. OBITUARY BRINCKMAN FREDERICK, TO MARGARET SOUTHAM, AT OTTAWA ..1931 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE BRINKER BERNARD, KILLED RAILWAY CROSSING DELHI ..1931 .. DEATH NOTICE BRINSKI LOUIS, CHICKEN THIEF AT ST.CATHARINES ..1927 .. BRITTON JOHN, TO BEATRICE TAYLOR, AT GRIERSVILLE ..1906 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE BRITTON MRS. HARRIET, AT VANCOUVER, EX LINDSAY ..1924 .. OBITUARY BRITTON SAMUEL, DIED AY OWEN SOUND ..1927 .. DEATH NOTICE BROAD C.H. (MAJOR) OF BANCROFT, LETTER RE WAR EXPERIENCE ..1945 .. BROAD PHILLIP, DIED INFLUENZA, TORONTO ..1926 .. DEATH NOTICE BROADWORTH JOHN T, DIED SASKATOON, EX MARMORA ..1945 .. OBITUARY BROCK ALBERTA C. DIED PETERBOROUGH ..1945 .. OBITUARY BROCK GEORGE C. OF PETERBOROUGH, DIED HALIFAX ..1918 .. OBITUARY BROKENSHIRE JOHN, OF ISLAY, SERIOUS FARM FIRE ..1900 .. BROOKS CARL, OF LONDON, ESCAPES BURWASH FARM ..1934 .. BROOKS CHARLOTTE, DIED TORONTO, EX PERCY TWP. ..1945 .. OBITUARY BROOKS HAROLD, ARRESTED VAGRANCY CHARGE PETERBOROUGH ..1945 .. BROOKS LYALL, CONVICTED DRUNK PETERBOROUGH ..1945 .. BROOKS MRS. BENJAMIN, DIED PETERBOROUGH ..1931 .. OBITUARY BROOKS MRS. THOMAS, DIED BRANTFORD ..1930 .. OBITUARY BROSIG ECKHERT, GERMAN POW, JAILED FOR THEFTS ..1945 .. BROUGHTON GEORGE, DIED NEW LISKEARD, EX GREY COUNTY ..1934 .. OBITUARY BROUGHTON IRENE, OF ORILLIA, NARROW ESCAPE DEATH ..1900 .. BROWITT MRS. FREEMAN, NEE HEATON, DIED WALLACTOWN ..1927 .. OBITUARY BROWN ADA E. DIED BUFFALO, BURIED NORWOOD ..1945 .. OBITUARY BROWN CECIL C. OF PETERBOROUGH, WOUNDED WW1 ..1918 .. BROWN CHARLES N. OF B.C. EX PETERBOROUGH, 89 YRS. ..1945 .. TRIBUTE BROWN CHARLES, DIED AT GRAVENHURST ..1934 .. OBITUARY BROWN EDGAR G. OF SMITH'S FALLS ..1931 .. OBITUARY BROWN FRANK, DIES LONDON, RENOWNED BOWLER ..1930 .. DEATH NOTICE BROWN GEORGE E. TO VIVIAN ALKINS, AT PETERBOROUGH ..1941 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE BROWN HAMILTON, BURKS FALLS, GOLDEN WEDDING, PHOTO ..1930 .. ANNIVERSARY BROWN JOHN, DIED AT OWEN SOUND ..1931 .. OBITUARY BROWN JOSEPH, DIED AT LINDSAY ..1926 .. OBITUARY BROWN JOSEPH, DIED AT OSHAWA ..1929 .. OBITUARY BROWN MARY, DIED COBOURG ..1934 .. DEATH NOTICE BROWN MELVIN, OF SARNIA, RR ACCIDENT ..1905 .. DEATH NOTICE BROWN MRS. ELLEN, DIED LAKEFIELD ..1945 .. OBITUARY BROWN MRS. GEORGE R. NEE PITTIS, DIED AT BELLEVILLE ..1927 .. OBITUARY BROWN MRS. JANE, NEE BROWN, DIED AT BELLEVILLE ..1927 .. OBITUARY BROWN MRS. JOHN, NEE WOOD, WARKWORTH ..1946 .. OBITUARY BROWN MRS. MAUDE, NEE MAPPLE, AT DETROIT, EX PETERBOROUGH ..1931 .. OBITUARY BROWN MRS. PHOEBE, DIED TORONTO, EX DUMMER TWP. ..1927 .. OBITUARY BROWN MRS. PICTON AREA, SHOT ..1906 .. BROWN MRS. WALTER, NEE MCGAHEY, DIED PETERBOROUGH ..1931 .. OBITUARY BROWN MRS. WALTER, NEE MCGAHEY, BORN LINDSAY ..1931 .. OBITUARY BROWN THOMAS, AT RGINA, BORN PORT HOPE ..1931 .. DEATH NOTICE BROWN THOMAS, DIED AT PAISLEY ..1927 .. OBITUARY BROWN THOMAS, MARGARET, JANE, DROWNED LAKE OF BAYS ..1900 .. DEATH NOTICE BROWN THOMAS, OF TAMWORTH, HEAVY LOSS BARN FIRE ..1913 .. BROWN TORONTO, BADLY BURNED AT TORONTO ..1923 .. BROWN WALTER, OF FLORAL PARK, NY., CATCHES HUGE MUSKY ..1941 .. BROWN WILLIAM, TO EVA THOMPSON, AT HASTINGS ..1927 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE BROWNE ANDREW, KEPPELL TOWNSHIP ..1927 .. OBITUARY BROWNING BILL, OF KINGSTON, RESCUES GIRL AT COBOURG ..1941 .. BROWNLEE JOHN, DIED GALT ..1934 .. OBITUARY BROWNRIDGE THOMAS, DIED TRAFALGAR TOWNSHIP ..1905 .. DEATH NOTICE BROWNRIDGE THOMAS, OF TORONTO ..1922 .. OBITUARY BRUBAKER JOHN, AT SASK. WIFE FROM WICKLOW ..1931 .. OBITUARY BRUCE DUNCAN, DIED DELAWARE TOWNSHIP ..1926 .. OBITUARY BRUCE HENRY, BANCROFT, WAGON MISHAP ..1931 .. OBITUARY BRUMWELL HAROLD, TO HELEN FLEETWOOD, AT PETERBOROUGH ..1945 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE BRUNKE BETTY, TORONTO DEBUTANTES PARTY ..1931 .. BRUNTON MRS. THOMAS, STANWOOD ..1927 .. DEATH NOTICE BRUTINO MRS. JULIEN, SANDWICH EAST, BABY SCALDED TO DEATH ..1913 .. DEATH NOTICE BRYAN JAMES, AMARANTH TWP. FARM FIRE ..1934 .. BRYANS JAMES, OF ELORA, GOLDEN WEDDING ..1913 .. ANNIVERSARY BRYCE HEZEKIAH, DIED WARWICK TOWNSHIP ..1927 .. OBITUARY BRYSON SAMUEL, DIED DUMMER TWP. ..1927 .. OBITUARY BUCHANAN ANDERSON, POISONED AT TORONTO ..1922 .. DEATH NOTICE BUCHANAN ANDERSON, POSSIBLE POISONING AT TORONTO ..1922 .. DEATH NOTICE BUCHANAN JAMES, DIED BELLEVILLE, BORN CAMPBELLFORD ..1945 .. OBITUARY BUCHANAN JAMES, SUICIDE TORONTO, KILLED SON ALEXANDER ? ..1922 .. DEATH NOTICE BUCHANAN JAMES, TORONTO, SUICIDE, SON DEAD POISON ..1922 .. DEATH NOTICE BUCHANAN ROBERT, HAVELOCK CPR EMPLOYEE ..1931 .. TRIBUTE BUCHANAN VERNA, HAVELOCK, UPCOMING MARRIAGE ..1945 .. TRIBUTE BUCHNER A. OF COURTLAND, DIAMOND WEDDING ..1927 .. ANNIVERSARY BUCHNER NATHAN, WOODSTOCK NEWSPAPERMAN ..1923 .. OBITUARY BUCHT LOUIS, SHOT AT TORONTO NEW YEARS PARTY ..1913 .. BUCK ANSON, OF PALERMO, 50TH WEDDING ..1905 .. ANNIVERSARY BUCK HAROLD, NORWOOD, CONVICTED SELLING LIQUOR ..1922 .. BUCK JAMES H. DIED PORT DOVER ..1923 .. OBITUARY BUCK MRS. JOHN W. DIED AT BEAMSVILLE ..1931 .. OBITUARY BUCK ROBERT, DIED COBOURG ..1927 .. DEATH NOTICE BUCK WIFRED, NORWOOD, CRIMINAL NEGLIGENCE CHARGE ..1931 .. BUDD EDWARD, TO MARGARET DEAN, AT PERRYTOWN ..1941 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE BUDD LEO, TO MARTHA HUEBNER, AT PEMBROKE ..1931 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE BUDER FRED, OF WOITO, GOLDEN WEDDING ..1931 .. ANNIVERSARY BUGG WILLIAM, TO BERNICE MACFARLANE, PETERBOROUGH ..1941 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE BULGER LLOYD, BORN COBOURG, KILLED WW2 ..1945 .. DEATH NOTICE BULGER RICHARD J. DIED PENNSYLVANIA, BURIED COBOURG ..1945 .. OBITUARY BULL ROY, WINDSOR, POSSIBLE SUICIDE ..1927 .. DEATH NOTICE BULLIED PERCY, TO JANE EDGERTON, CAVAN ..1928 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE BULLOCK GRATTON, YOUNG'S POINT HOUSE WARMING ..1945 .. TRIBUTE BULLOCK MARQUIS R. PETERBOROUGH, KILLED WW2 ..1945 .. DEATH NOTICE BULLOCK MRS. ADELAIDE, NEE BETTES, BRIGHTON PIONEER ..1927 .. OBITUARY BULLOCK VERNON, OF WOODSTOCK AREA, GUN ACCIDENT ..1919 .. BURCH WINNIFRED, OF TORONTO,ALLEGES SEDUCTION NO MARRIAGE ..1923 .. BURCHARDT HERMAN, TO BERTHA PANKE, AT PEMBROKE ..1931 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE BURCHELL MRS. FRANCIS, NEE MOORE, DIED AT CARDINAL ..1930 .. OBITUARY BURCHILL JOHN, MATILDA TWP. PIONEER ..1931 .. OBITUARY BURGESS CILA, WARSAW VILLAGE TEACHER ..1941 .. TRIBUTE BURGESS DAVID, OF TRENT RIVER, MOVING HAVELOCK ..1928 .. TRIBUTE BURKE FREDDIE, CHILD, DROWNED BURKS'S FALLS ..1900 .. DEATH NOTICE BURKE HENRY, BRACEBRIDGE, CHILDRENS FEET FROZEN ..1914 .. BURKE JOHN, DIED MINNEAPOLIS, EX LINDSAY AREA ..1900 .. OBITUARY BURKE MRS. BESSIE, NEE MUNN, DIED ST.THOMAS ..1931 .. OBITUARY BURKE MRS. PATRICK, NEE KELLY, AT NY. EX PETERBOROUGH ..1945 .. OBITUARY BURKITT THEODORE F. INFANT, BONARLAW ..1931 .. OBITUARY BURNETT JOHN, GOLDEN WEDDING AT WINTERBOURNE, PHOTO ..1930 .. ANNIVERSARY BURNEY THOMAS, SUICIDE AT TORONTO ..1905 .. DEATH NOTICE BURNHAM GEORGE C. DIED TORONTO, BORN PETERBOROUGH ..1945 .. OBITUARY BURNLESS JOHN, ARRESTED TORONTO SUICIDE ATTEMPT ..1913 .. BURNS JOHN, DIED PETERBOROUGH ..1945 .. OBITUARY BURNS LESLIE, TO LILLIAN JONES, AT TORONTO ..1931 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE BURNS MRS. CHARLOTTE, NEE MICHELS, DIED PETERBOROUGH ..1945 .. OBITUARY BURNS MRS. CHARLOTTE, PETERBOROUGH ..1945 .. FUNERAL BURRELL MRS. HENRY, NEE MCMURRAY, STIRLING ..1931 .. OBITUARY BURRISON ORLANDO, TO LAURA HILLIER, GORE'S LANDING ..1946 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE BURTON HENRY, PIONEER SETTLER VAUGHAN TWP. AT WOODBRIDGE ..1930 .. REUNION BURTON THOMAS, JAILED FOR BIGAMY AT GALT ..1923 .. BURWASH MRS. MARGARET, NEE PROCTOR, DIED TORONTO ..1923 .. OBITUARY BUSH EDWARD, OF HAWKESVILLE, TRAIN ACCIDENT ..1906 .. BUSSELL MRS. MARGARET, NEE ELLIOTT, DIED TRAFALGAR TWP. ..1905 .. OBITUARY BUTLER JOHN, TORONTO, PICKING POCKETS CHARGE ..1929 .. BUTLER OWEN, DIED COBOURG ..1922 .. OBITUARY BUTLER REGINALD, DIED DIPTHERIA PETERBOROUGH ..1922 .. DEATH NOTICE BUTT A.J. DIED AT DEPOT HARBOR ..1931 .. OBITUARY BUTTAR MALCOLM, PLAINVILLE, NEWLYWED ..1941 .. TRIBUTE BUTTARS HAYDEN, FAMILY REUNION HAMILTON TOWNSHIP ..1941 .. ANNIVERSARY BUTTARS JESSIE, PERCY TWP. ..1941 .. OBITUARY BYAM JAMES, TO MINNIE SHEA, NEAR FENELON FALLS ..1900 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE BYE MRS. JAMES, DIED AT THOROLD ..1930 .. OBITUARY BYERS CLARENCE, OF MITCHELL, REINSTATED BY BANK ..1913 .. BYERS MRS. ALBERT, DIED TORONTO ..1924 .. OBITUARY BYERS WILLIAM, DIED JANETVILLE ..1900 .. DEATH NOTICE BYGOTT MRS. JOHN, BACK IN COBOURG FROM OVERSEAS, WW2 ..1945 .. BYRNE JAMES, TYENDINAGA TWP. ..1937 .. OBITUARY CABERLIN GUY, DIED CONISTON, SUDBUEY AREA ..1934 .. OBITUARY CABLE MRS. CHARLOTTE, DIED HAMILTON ..1905 .. DEATH NOTICE CADDIGAN MICHAEL, PETERBOROUGH, JAILED LIQUOR CHARGE ..1945 .. CADDY CHESTER, NORTH DORCHESTER, FIRE DESTROYS HOUSE ..1934 .. CADDY ELEANOR A. DIED NEW JERSEY, EX LAKEFIELD ..1906 .. DEATH NOTICE CADENHEAD CATHERINE, DIED AT STRATHROY ..1934 .. OBITUARY CADIEUX PETER J. OF TORONTO, BEATEN AND ROBBED ..1934 .. CADWELL T. OF TORONTO, 50TH WEDDING PHOTO ..1931 .. ANNIVERSARY CADWELL T. OF TORONTO, GOLDEN WEDDING ..1931 .. ANNIVERSARY CAISLEY MRS. SARAH, DIED AT TORONTO ..1929 .. OBITUARY CALDER JAMES, OF NAPANEE, FOUND DEAD WINNIPEG ..1931 .. DEATH NOTICE CALDERONE MRS. JOSEPH, DIED ST.CATHARINES ..1934 .. OBITUARY CALDWELL THEODORE, DIED PETERBOROUGH ..1922 .. OBITUARY CALLAGHAN JOHN E., DIED CAMPBELLFORD ..1931 .. OBITUARY CALLAHAN HERBERT, PETERBOROUGH, KILLED WW1 ..1918 .. OBITUARY CALLAHAN THOMAS, OF HARWOOD, 4 SONS SERVING WW2 ..1945 .. TRIBUTE CALLAN R.A. COBOCONK LIME INDUSTRY ..1900 .. PRESENTATION CALLEGHAN JOHN, AT COBOURG ..1931 .. FUNERAL CALLENDAR ARTHUR, PORT CREDIT, DEAD IN GARAGE, FUMES ..1922 .. OBITUARY CALNAN EDWARD, COBOURG AREA, DIED OF WOUNDS, WW2 ..1945 .. OBITUARY CALVERT JOHN, TO ETHEL COUCH, AT LAKEFIELD ..1941 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE CAMERON ARDEN, DIED NORWICH, BORN WINDHAM TWP. ..1930 .. OBITUARY CAMERON CHARLES, RR ACCIDENT HAMILTON, INQUEST ..1913 .. DEATH NOTICE CAMERON COLIN, DIED EAST NISSOURI ..1934 .. OBITUARY CAMERON DONALD DONALD, DIED TORONTO, SCOTTISH ESTATE ? ..1923 .. OBITUARY CAMERON FRED, OF DUTTON, ONTARIO, IMPRISONED DESERTER ..1919 .. CAMERON IRVINE, OF SPRINGHILL, CARBON MONOXIDE ..1931 .. DEATH NOTICE CAMERON JAMES, GREENOCK TWP. PIONEER, BORN GLENGARRY ..1927 .. OBITUARY CAMERON NEIL, TO ANNIE NISBETT, INDIAN RIVER ..1913 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE CAMERON ROY, OF SUNDERLAND, KILLED PENNSYLVANIA ..1931 .. OBITUARY CAMERON W.A. TEACHER AT PLEASANT POINT, LEAVING ..1900 .. TRIBUTE CAMILLA SISTER MARY, DIED HAMILTON ..1927 .. OBITUARY CAMM EDWARD, ESCAPES DEATH ACCIDENT TORONTO ..1924 .. CAMPBELL A.J. ROSENEATH, MOVING ..1945 .. PRESENTATION CAMPBELL ALBERT, TO HATTIE GUNBY, NELSON TOWNSHIP ..1905 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE CAMPBELL ALEXANDER M. COBOURG EARLY SETTLER BALTIMORE ..1934 .. OBITUARY CAMPBELL ARCHIBALD, DIED TORONTO, BORN RIDGETOWN ..1913 .. OBITUARY CAMPBELL DONALD J. TO HELEN MCCUTCHEON, AT KLEINBURG ..1930 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE CAMPBELL FRANK, DEAD AT HEPWORTH ..1923 .. OBITUARY CAMPBELL GORDON, TO MARGARET ROBERTSON, AT TORONTO ..1934 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE CAMPBELL J.D.L. COBOURG BOMBER PILOT ..1941 .. TRIBUTE CAMPBELL J.DOUGLAS, TO DORIS JOHNSON, AT COBOURG ..1941 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE CAMPBELL JACK, PETERBOROUGH, SERVING CORVETTE WW2 ..1945 .. TRIBUTE CAMPBELL JAMES, TO THELMA HICKEY, TORONTO ..1930 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE CAMPBELL JOHN, DIED SARNIA ..1929 .. OBITUARY CAMPBELL JOHN, OF WOODVILLE, FINDS NEW BULL FOR HIS FARM ..1900 .. CAMPBELL MARGARET J. ACQUITTED MURDER SON LONDON ..1945 .. CAMPBELL MRS. EMMA, NEE PEARCE, DIED NORWOOD ..1929 .. OBITUARY CAMPBELL THOMAS, DIED BONARLAW ..1937 .. DEATH NOTICE CAMPBELL THOMAS, LIGHT HOUSE KEEPER, DIED HAMILTON ..1905 .. OBITUARY CAMPBELL WILLIAM J. DIED WEST ZORRA TOWNSHIP ..1927 .. OBITUARY CAMPLIN JOHN, TO MARY REYNOLDS, AT RESTON ..1924 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE CANNER FRANK, TO WINNIFRED NEWSON, AT TORONTO ..1929 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE CANTER JOHN J. DIED NIAGARA FALLS ..1934 .. OBITUARY CARAVAGGIO J.N. PETERBOROUGH, OVERSEAS, PHOTO ..1945 .. CARBONEAU LOUIS, OF TORONTO, STRUCK BY CAR ..1924 .. CARDIFF MRS. FRED, NEE DAVIS, DIED MORRIS TOWNSHIP ..1910 .. OBITUARY CAREY GERARD, OF OTONABEE TWP. WOUNDED WW2, PHOTO ..1945 .. CAREY JAMES J. OF PETERBOROUGH, INVALID WATCHMAKER ..1945 .. TRIBUTE CARISSE MRS. CHARLES, DIED OTTAWA FIRE ..1922 .. DEATH NOTICE CARLAW ROBERT, WEDDING SHOWER, WARKWORTH ..1941 .. TRIBUTE CARLE MRS. AMELIA, NEE MCARTHUR, DIED PERCY TOWNSHIP ..1934 .. OBITUARY CARLISLE MRS. HENRY, DIED NEW YORK, EX ST.CATHARINES ..1929 .. OBITUARY CARLOW MRS. PETER, DIED SIX NATIONS RESERVE, BRANTFORD ..1927 .. OBITUARY CARLOW ROBERT, TO OPAL SHAW, WARKWORTH ..1941 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE CARMAN MRS. SUSAN, NEE HAWLEY, 109 YEARS, AT TRENTON ..1931 .. OBITUARY CARMICHAEL PETER, BURIED MCNEIL CEMETERY ..1900 .. DEATH NOTICE CARNAHAN WILL, AT HAMILTON ..1945 .. DEATH NOTICE CARNEY MRS. THOMAS, NEE HEMSWORTH, DIED AT LONDON ..1931 .. OBITUARY CARNRIKE KARNRIKE WESLEY, ACCIDENT HAVELOCK ..1905 .. DEATH NOTICE CAROTTO ALEXANDRO, GUELPH,TRIES TO AVOID MILITARY SERVICE ..1945 .. CARPENTER HUGH H. DIED GRIMSBY ..1931 .. OBITUARY CARPENTER JENNIE W. AT COBOURG ..1928 .. FUNERAL CARPENTER MRS. BERTHA W., NEE WALKER, DIED NEAR GRIMSBY ..1927 .. OBITUARY CARPENTER MRS. E. OF TORONTO, RUN DOWN BY CAR ..1923 .. CARR DAVID, OF COBOURG AREA, SERIOUS OPERATION ..1941 .. CARR EFFIE W. DIED WINGHAM, BORN TORONTO ..1934 .. OBITUARY CARR J. OF EMILY TWP. TO DELLA CUNNINGHAM ..1919 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE CARRIAR TONY, ASSAULT CHARGE AT TORONTO ..1923 .. CARRIQUE HARRY, DIED NEAR PALERMO ..1905 .. DEATH NOTICE CARROL LESLIE, DIED OAK LAKE ..1946 .. OBITUARY CARROLL EUGENE, 82 YEARS, DIED WOODSTOCK, EX BEACHVILLE ..1931 .. OBITUARY CARROLL JOHN K. DIED AT KINGSTON ..1931 .. OBITUARY CARROLL MRS. CHARLES, NEE COOGAN, HARWOOD ..1945 .. OBITUARY CARRUTHERS CALVERT, TO HELEN MEEK, AT KINGSTON ..1923 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE CARSCADDEN ROBERT H. DIED AT LINDSAY ..1945 .. OBITUARY CARSON H.L. MILLBROOK AREA, HOUSE DESTROYED FIRE ..1931 .. CARSON MRS. JOHN, OF COBOURG ..1934 .. OBITUARY CARSWELL FRANCIS H. DIED AT OSHAWA ..1923 .. OBITUARY CARTER BERKELEY, DIED NIAGARA FALLS ..1927 .. OBITUARY CARTER CLARE, OF BELLEVILLE, TRAIN ACCIDENT ..1946 .. DEATH NOTICE CARTER FRANCES ANN, DIED PETERBOROUGH ..1931 .. OBITUARY CARTER JONATHON, DIED AT SARNIA ..1934 .. OBITUARY CARTER MRS. FLORENCE, DIED TORONTO ..1926 .. OBITUARY CARTHEW MORTON, DIED AT THORNBURY ..1929 .. OBITUARY CARVETH GEORGE H. DIED NEWCASTLE ..1934 .. OBITUARY CARVETH MRS. ANDREW, NEE BATTEN, DIED AT PETERBOROUGH ..1928 .. OBITUARY CASEY LESLIE, TO MARJORIE MCDONALD, AT PETERBOROUGH ..1941 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE CASSELMAN MRS. M.H. DIED AT BROCKVILLE ..1930 .. OBITUARY CASSIDY DELBERT, CAMPBELLFORD, TRUCK WRECK ..1941 .. CASSIDY JAMES SR. DIED NORTH DAKOTA, EX SMITH TWP. ..1927 .. OBITUARY CASSIDY WILLIAM J. DIED ST. CATHARINES ..1926 .. OBITUARY CASSIE JAMES, CNR BRAKEMAN, PETERBOROUGH ..1945 .. TRIBUTE CATELLI JOSEPH, HAMILTON, ARRESTED IN US MURDER ATTEMPT ..1923 .. CATHCART MANSON, STILL IN FIGHTING HOLLAND WW2 ..1945 .. TRIBUTE CAULEY MRS. LUCY, NEE MCCANN, DIED TOLEDO, ONTARIO ..1929 .. OBITUARY CAUSEY NORMAN, PETERBOROUGH WAR OBJECTOR, ARRESTED ..1945 .. CAUSEY NORMAN, PETERBOROUGH, GUILTY RE SERVICE ..1945 .. CAVANAGH LORETTA, DOURO, BURNS BRIDGE TEACHER ..1941 .. TRIBUTE CAVANAGH MICHAEL, OF ENNISMORE, TO BEULAH BISHOP ..1945 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE CAWKELL KENNETH, TO MARGARET COMMINS, TORONTO ..1923 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE CELESTINO ALEXANDER, PORT ARTHUR, SLASHES WIFE ..1922 .. CEMBAL MIKE, OF OSHAWA, SENTENCED PENETENTIARY ..1945 .. CHADWICK JOHN, BACK VISITING ARTEMESIA, LONG ABSENCE ..1906 .. CHALLICE CLENDON, OF CAVAN TWP. WW2 SERVICE, PHOTO ..1945 .. TRIBUTE CHALLICE JOHN C. OF CAVAN, DIVORCE ACTION ..1945 .. CHAMBERS JAMES, OF HARCOURT, TO VIOLET SCOTT, ..1941 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE CHAMBERS MRS. HILDA, DIED KINGSTON ..1930 .. DEATH NOTICE CHAMBO THEODORE, NARROW ESCAPE AT PETERBOROUGH ..1941 .. CHANDLER MRS. WILLIAM, DIED CHATHAM ..1930 .. OBITUARY CHANDLER REG, OF PETERBOROUGH, LETTER FROM HOLLAND, WW2 ..1945 .. CHANT WILLIAM, TORONTO, FAMILY DESTITUTE ..1922 .. CHAPMAN AMOS, DIED PELHAM TOWNSHIP ..1913 .. OBITUARY CHAPMAN LEONARD, PETERBOROUGH, NEW POSTING WW2 ..1945 .. TRIBUTE CHAPMAN MARWOOD, MILLBROOK, ARRESTED DRUNK DRIVING ..1941 .. CHAPMAN MARWOOD, MILLBROOK, GUILTY RECKLESS DRIVING ..1945 .. CHAPMAN WILLIAM K. DIED CHATHAM ..1934 .. OBITUARY CHAPMAN WILLIAM, KEENE ICE CARNIVAL PRIZE ..1945 .. CHAPPELL JOHN, OF WINDSOR, ARRESTED KIDNAPPING ..1923 .. CHAPPELL VERNA, SHIRLEY, DIE TORONTO FIRE, FATHER FRED ..1945 .. DEATH NOTICE CHARLESWORTH JAMES, FREESES TO DEATH NEAR BELLEVILLE ..1923 .. DEATH NOTICE CHARLESWORTH MRS. FRANKLIN, NEE COWING, DIED PEMBROKE ..1930 .. OBITUARY CHARLTON MRS. GEORGE, NEE FAWCETT, DIED BRANTFORD ..1930 .. OBITUARY CHARRON EDGAR, DROWNED NEAR ROCKLAND ..1931 .. DEATH NOTICE CHARTRAN RAYMOND, MISSING FROM YORK TOWNSHIP HOME ..1931 .. CHASE CHARLES A. PIONEER SPARTA FAMILY ..1934 .. OBITUARY CHATTEN EDWARD E. EMILY TOWNSHIP ..1945 .. OBITUARY CHESTNUT MRS. ROBERT, DIED ST.CATHARINES ..1930 .. DEATH NOTICE CHESWRIGHT RICHARD, DIED WINNIPEG, EX PRINCETON, ONTARIO ..1927 .. OBITUARY CHEVIS A.E. (REV) DIED MILLBROOK ..1945 .. OBITUARY CHILDERHOSE THOMAS E. DIED AT ORILLIA ..1945 .. OBITUARY CHIPMAN WILLIS, DIED TORONTO ..1929 .. OBITUARY CHISHOLM FRANCIS, 82 YEARS, DIED AT BROCKVILLE ..1922 .. OBITUARY CHISLETT J.R. OF PORT HOPE, AWARDED DFC, WW2 ..1945 .. TRIBUTE CHISLETT WILLIAM R. DIED PORT HOPE ..1941 .. OBITUARY CHITTICK JOHN, DIED AT OMEMEE ..1927 .. OBITUARY CHITTICK ROBERT L. LAKEFIELD,CONVICTED RECKLESS DRIVING ..1945 .. CHRISTIAN THOMAS, OF ISLAY, HOUSE BURNED ..1900 .. CHRISTIE JOHN C. DIED TORONTO ..1924 .. OBITUARY CHRISTIE LEO S. VISITING PETERBOROUGH, WW2 SERVICE ..1945 .. CHRISTIE MRS. DOROTHY, NEE CAMPBELL, DIED SAULT STE.MARIE ..1931 .. OBITUARY CHRISTIE MRS. JOHN, NEE QUINLAN, AT NORWOOD ..1931 .. FUNERAL CHRISTIE MRS. W.J. NEE HOWEY, DIED TORONTO ..1929 .. OBITUARY CHRISTY WILLIAM A. DIED PORT PERRY, FUNERAL BLOOMFIELD ..1934 .. OBITUARY CHUBB MRS. CAROLINE, DIED AT WINDSOR ..1929 .. OBITUARY CHURCH DONALD, PETERBOROUGH FLIER, WW2 ..1945 .. TRIBUTE CHURCH FRANK, WW1 VETERAN, SHOOTS SELF TORONTO ..1924 .. CHURCH JAMES J. WATERFORD, 65TH WEDDING, PHOTO ..1931 .. ANNIVERSARY CHURCH WILLIAM, TO ELLA BROWN, APSLEY ..1928 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE CIPIN IRVING, TO BEATRICE ZACKS, PETERBOROUGH ..1946 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE CLANCY MARY, BORN OTONABEE, DIED PETERBOROUGH ..1945 .. OBITUARY CLANCY MARY, DIED PETERBOROUGH ..1941 .. OBITUARY CLANCY MARY, PETERBOROUGH ..1945 .. FUNERAL CLANCY MRS. ELIZABETH, DIED PETERBOROUGH ..1931 .. OBITUARY CLAPP MRS. MARY, DIED NIAGARA FALLS, EX THOROLD ..1931 .. OBITUARY CLARE MRS. D.R. OF WARSAW, MISSIONARY SOCIETY ..1919 .. PRESENTATION CLAREMONT CHARLES, OF TORONTO, ARRESTED WIFE ASSAULT ..1930 .. CLARK ALLAN, PETERBOROUGH, TO JOAN HAFF, AT NEW YORK ..1946 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE CLARK CATHERINE, CAMPBELLFORD ..1931 .. OBITUARY CLARK DONALD E. TO MURIEL RUSSELL, AT HAVELOCK ..1941 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE CLARK G.C. DIED AT ACTON ..1905 .. OBITUARY CLARK GUY, ATTEMPTED SUICIDE TORONTO ..1906 .. DEATH NOTICE CLARK JAMES, DIED AT SMITH'S FALLS ..1931 .. OBITUARY CLARK JOHN, DIED AT FONTHILL ..1934 .. OBITUARY CLARK MRS. GEORGE, NEE SEXSMITH, DIED BELLEVILLE ..1934 .. OBITUARY CLARK MRS. JENNIE, NEE ARCHER,ROCHESTER, EX SEYMOUR TWP. ..1934 .. OBITUARY CLARK MRS. PETER, DIED CAMPBELLFORD ..1922 .. FUNERAL CLARK ROBERT,WIFE GLADYS, TORONTO, DESTITUTE, POLICE HELP ..1931 .. CLARK VIRGINIA, PETERBOROUGH TEACHER, MARRIAGE SOON ..1945 .. TRIBUTE CLARK WILLIAM A. OF DETROIT, EX DUTTON,TO MARGARET JORDAN ..1926 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE CLARK WILLIAM, DIED AT BELGRAVE, MORRIS TOWNSHIP CLERK ..1910 .. OBITUARY CLARKE DAVID, OF WHITCHURCH, 80 YEARS OLD ..1930 .. REUNION CLARKE FRED, CHILD, DIED ACCIDENT NIAGARA FALLS ..1900 .. DEATH NOTICE CLARKE JAMES F. TO ALEEN HUGHES, AT LINDSAY ..1927 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE CLARKE JOHN J. MILLBROOK ..1945 .. OBITUARY CLARKE JOHN J. MILLBROOK ..1945 .. FUNERAL CLARKE LOU, PETERBOROUGH, LOST WATCH RETURNED ..1945 .. CLARKE MRS. JAMES, NEE HILL, BURIED COBOURG ..1931 .. OBITUARY CLARKE MRS. JOHN R. DIED COBOURG ..1941 .. DEATH NOTICE CLARKE RICHARD W. DIED WEYBURN, BORN ATHENS ONTARIO ..1929 .. OBITUARY CLARKE WENTWORTH, DIED ALCOHOLIC POISONING TORONTO ..1930 .. DEATH NOTICE CLARKE WILLIAM G. TORONTO FIREMAN SERIOULSY HURT ..1934 .. CLARKE WILLIAM H. DIED TORONTO, FENIAN RAID VETERAN ..1929 .. OBITUARY CLARKE WILLIAM, OPS TWP. SERIOUS FIRE FARM ..1931 .. CLARKIN HERBERT, 10 YEARS, INJURED BY CAR TORONTO ..1930 .. CLARKSON HARRY, WINDSOR, MURDER POLICE CHARGE ..1931 .. CLARKSON MRS. WILLIAM, DIED HAMILTON ..1913 .. DEATH NOTICE CLARRY MABEL, PETERBOROUGH TRINITY CHURCH CHOIR ..1945 .. TRIBUTE CLASS HARVEY, TO EMILY SCHMIDT, AT STRATFORD ..1930 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE CLAWSEY MRS. MARY, LIFE LONG RESIDENT HOLMEDALE ..1929 .. OBITUARY CLAXTON THOMAS, DIED AT TORONTO ..1923 .. OBITUARY CLEARY THOMAS, PETERBOROUGH, JIALED DRUNK CHARGE ..1945 .. CLEAVER W.L. DIED PETERBOROUGH ..1922 .. DEATH NOTICE CLEGG JOE, DAYTON OHIO, FAMILY REUNION GORE'S LANDING ..1941 .. FAMILY REUNION CLEGHORN MRS. EMMA, DIED TORONTO ..1913 .. OBITUARY CLELAND MRS. JAMES, DIED MEAFORD ..1926 .. OBITUARY CLEMENS WILLIAM J. DIED HAMPTON AREA ..1929 .. OBITUARY CLEMENT EDWARD, SERIOUS ACCIDENT TORONTO ..1905 .. CLEMENT GORDON, FUNERAL AT PETERBOROUGH ..1930 .. OBITUARY CLEMENTI MUSCIUS, TO FLORENCE ASH, PETERBOROUGH ..1922 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE CLOUGH WILLIAM, OSHAWA, TO VERONICA O'NEILL, EMILY TWP. ..1941 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE CLULEW MRS. JAMES, DIED AT GALT ..1934 .. OBITUARY CLUNEY MRS. JAMES, DIED AT GALT ..1934 .. DEATH NOTICE CLUTTERBUCK GEORGE, DIED AT ST.CATHARINES ..1926 .. OBITUARY CLUTTERBUCK MRS. ALEXANDER, NEE BURTON, DIED ST.THOMAS ..1934 .. OBITUARY CLUTTERBUCK MRS. CATHERINE, NEE BRENNAN, DIED WALLACEBURG ..1934 .. OBITUARY CLUXTON MRS. ISABEL, NEE MCGILL, DIED GUELPH,EX PETERBORO ..1945 .. OBITUARY CLYSDALE S.J. OF DUMMER TWP. 25TH WEDDING ..1941 .. ANNIVERSARY COAD MRS. WILLIAM, NEE STEPHENSON, DIED OSHAWA ..1931 .. OBITUARY COATS NORMAN, WESTBORO, HELD THEFT CHARGE ..1945 .. COBBLEDICK JAMES, WARKWORTH, TESTIMONY AT DR.WEST INQUEST ..1927 .. COBURN MRS. MARY C. DIED TORONTO ..1926 .. OBITUARY COCHRANE DIANNE M. OF PETERBOROUGH, 7TH BIRTHDAY ..1945 .. BIRTHDAY COCHRANE JOHN, HAVELOCK, 50TH WEDDING ANNIVERSARY ..1945 .. ANNIVERSARY COCHRANE THOMAS, CHATHAM TWP. FARMER ..1927 .. DEATH NOTICE COCKBURN COLLIE, PORT PERRY SPORTSMAN ..1941 .. OBITUARY COCKSHUTT MRS. HENRY, OF BRANTFORD, PHOTO WITH DAUGHTERS ..1931 .. CODE GEORGE A. DIED AT TORONTO ..1924 .. OBITUARY CODE GRAHAME, NIAGARA FALLS, HOME LEAVE WW2 ..1945 .. CODERRE MAURICE, PETERBOROUGH, WAS MISSING WW2, NOW SAFE ..1945 .. COEN ARTHUR, HAVELOCK AREA, BARN BURNED ..1931 .. COHEN JAMES, TORONTO, STILL FOUND AT HOUSE ..1922 .. COISH E.P. DIED AT HARRISTON ..1927 .. OBITUARY COLE EDWARDS S. DIED NIAGARA FALLS ..1934 .. OBITUARY COLE F.L. ARRESTED COBALT FOR BAD CHEQUE ..1913 .. COLE FREDERICK, TO JANET ROGERS, AT TORONTO ..1923 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE COLE HOWARD, AUTO ACCIDENT TORONTO ..1931 .. DEATH NOTICE COLE MRS. JAMES, DIED STRATFORD ..1929 .. OBITUARY COLEMAN CHARLES, CLOSING PETERBOROUGH CONFECTIONERY ..1941 .. COLEMAN CHARLES, TO MRS. BERKLEY LAMBERT,AT ST.CATHARINES ..1926 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE COLLINGS NORMAN, OF TILLSONBURG, NARROW ESCAPE DEATH ..1934 .. COLLINGWOOD MRS. ADA, LEEDS, REGAINS SPEECH ..1910 .. COLLINS CLARE, TORONTO, TO ELIZABETH VAN RODEN, PHOTO ..1934 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE COLLINS DANIEL J. DIED PORT CREDIT ..1930 .. OBITUARY COLLINS EDWARD, OF HASTINGS, LETTER FROM WW2 OVERSEAS ..1945 .. COLLINS MRS. JAMES, NEE HOBBS, DIED AT SMITHFIELD ..1927 .. OBITUARY COLLINS MRS. M., DIED CHICAGO, BURIED PETERBOROUGH ..1928 .. DEATH NOTICE COLLINS MRS. STEPHEN, DIED WOODSTOCK ..1931 .. OBITUARY COLLINS RALPH, BLAMES LONELINESS FOR KINGSTON THEFTS ..1931 .. COLVILLE JOHN, DIED PORT HOPE ..1919 .. DEATH NOTICE COMFORT JESSIE, DIED VIRGINIA, EX ST.CATHARINES ..1927 .. OBITUARY COMSTOCK ELLA, 93 YRS. EX WESTWOOD ..1945 .. OBITUARY COMSTOCK JOHN, OF PETERBOROUGH, COOL, CLEVER DRIVING ..1918 .. COND ARNOLD, TO BERTHA MACKENZIE, TORONTO ..1930 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE CONERY J.C. DIED AT GUELPH, 68 YEARS ..1927 .. OBITUARY CONEYBEARE CECIL, HALIBURTON, CRUSHED BY LUMBER PILE ..1946 .. DEATH NOTICE CONLEY MRS. PHILIP, DIED STIRLING ..1928 .. OBITUARY CONNELL JOHN, 50 YRS. DIED TORONTO ..1945 .. OBITUARY CONNELL SAMUEL, DIED EMILY TWP. ..1934 .. OBITUARY CONNELL SAMUEL, OMEMEE ..1934 .. FUNERAL CONNELLY HILDA, GUILTY SEX OFFENSES TORONTO ..1934 .. CONNELLY JOHN B. OF HAVELOCK, WOUNDED WW2 ..1945 .. CONNOFF SAMUEL, TORONTO, SEVERELY INJURED ACCIDENT ..1923 .. CONNOLLY RICHARD, NORTH OXFORD TOWNSHIP ..1934 .. OBITUARY CONNOR JOHN, DIED DIXON'S CORNERS, IROQUOIS AREA ..1931 .. OBITUARY CONNOR MRS. ANSON, NEE MUMBY, DIED CAMPBELLFORD ..1945 .. OBITUARY CONNOR MRS. REBECCA, DIED CAMPBELLFORD ..1945 .. OBITUARY CONNOR THOMAS E. DIED BROCKVILLE, BORN FRANKVILLE ..1929 .. OBITUARY CONNOR WILLIAM F. DIED AT BELLEVILLE ..1927 .. OBITUARY CONOVER MRS. RUSSEL, NEE MCGOWAN, BURIED ERINDALE ..1927 .. OBITUARY CONROY JOHN E. DIED DOURO TWP. ..1906 .. OBITUARY CONROY STEWART, DIED TILLSONBURG ..1922 .. DEATH NOTICE CONSTABLE HORACE, TO CECILIA VINETTE, PETERBOROUGH ..1927 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE CONSTANCE JOHN A. DIED PETERBOROUGH ..1945 .. OBITUARY CONVERY JOHN H, DIED MONTREAL, EX PETERBOROUGH ..1945 .. OBITUARY CONWAY DONALD, CONVICTED GAMING HOUSE PETERBOROUGH ..1945 .. CONWAY THOMAS, DIED TORONTO, BORN MILTON ..1905 .. OBITUARY COOK ALEC, DIED TORONTO ..1931 .. OBITUARY COOK ALEXANDER, DIED TORONTO, EX STREETSVILLE ..1927 .. OBITUARY COOK BLAKE, DIED AT KINTORE ..1927 .. OBITUARY COOK JAMES, DIED ALBERTA, EX MONO MILLS AREA ..1927 .. OBITUARY COOK MRS. ELI, NEE BUCHANAN, DIED INGERSOLL ..1934 .. OBITUARY COOK MRS. IRA, NEE CRAIG, FUNERAL SHANNONVILLE ..1931 .. OBITUARY COOK RICHARD, ARRESTED TORONTO FOR THEFTS ..1922 .. COOK THOMAS G. DIED BROCKVILLE ..1927 .. DEATH NOTICE COOK THOMAS, PLANE CRASH WINNIPEG, EX MARMORA ..1941 .. OBITUARY COOK W.W. DIED AT CAPREOL ..1934 .. OBITUARY COOKE MELVILLE, DIED ORILLIA ..1927 .. OBITUARY COOKE MRS. RICHARD, NEE COLE, DIED CAMPBELLFORD ..1934 .. OBITUARY COOKE MRS. WILLIAM, DIED PETERBOROUGH ..1918 .. OBITUARY COOL MRS. HENRY, DIED COBOURG ..1941 .. OBITUARY COOMBES REGINALD, TO ALICE MORGAN, STIRLING ..1934 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE COON ARTHUR W. LINDSAY, WOUNDED WW2 ..1918 .. COONES MAXWELL W. OF PETERBOROUGH, KILLED WW2 ..1945 .. OBITUARY COONES MRS. BENJAMIN, NEE WILSON, BURLEIGH TWP. ..1945 .. OBITUARY COONES MRS. EMMA, NEE WILSON, DIED AT PETERBOROUGH ..1945 .. OBITUARY COONEY MAY, 17 TRS. DIED PETERBOROUGH ..1928 .. OBITUARY COONS H.L. OF KINGSTON, PACIFIC WW2 FLYER ..1945 .. TRIBUTE COONS JESSE, MATILDA TWP. PIONEER ..1934 .. OBITUARY COONS JIMMY, SANDY LAKE, 3 YRS. NEAR DROWNING ..1937 .. COOPER ARCHIBALD, TO OLIVE CREECH, BRANTFORD ..1930 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE COOPER GEORGE, 9 YEARS, ACCIDENT HAMILTON ..1913 .. DEATH NOTICE COOPER GEORGE, DIED CLAREMONT ..1929 .. OBITUARY COOPER GEORGE, INVERLEA PARK LIFEGUARD, PETERBOROUGH ..1937 .. TRIBUTE COOPER KENNETH, TO JEAN STINSON, AT MILLBROOK ..1941 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE COOPER MRS. WILLIAM, NEE MCKENZIE, DIED CLINTON ..1923 .. OBITUARY COOPER ROBERT, DIED CHATHAM TWP. ..1927 .. OBITUARY COOPER ROY, REDBRIDGE, DIES BOILER EXPLOSION ..1937 .. DEATH NOTICE COPELAND DAVID, DIED TORONTO ..1930 .. OBITUARY COPELAND ROBERT, DIED BRAMPTON, BORN COLLINGWOOD ..1929 .. OBITUARY COPELAND THOMAS, PARRY SOUND DISTRICT PIONEER ..1934 .. OBITUARY COPPIN JOHN A. POISONED AT MITCHELL ..1900 .. DEATH NOTICE CORBETT EPHRAIM, DIED AT TORONTO ..1934 .. OBITUARY CORBIN JOHN, OF TORONTO, ARRESTED FOR THEFT ..1934 .. CORDINGLEY RACHEL H. DIED CHINGUACOUSY TOWNSHIP ..1931 .. OBITUARY CORK GEORGE, AT TORONTO, VETERAN TEACHER ..1929 .. OBITUARY CORK SYDNEY, OF ETOBICOKE, ARRESTED ALCOHOL STILL ..1930 .. CORLEY MRS. JOHN, NEE FAIR, DIED VERULAM TWP. ..1928 .. OBITUARY CORMIER MRS. CHARLES, DIED BRANTFORD, BORN TWEED ..1929 .. OBITUARY CORNELIUS HUBERT, TO ALEATHA HOWSER, AT TORONTO ..1922 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE CORNER ARTHUR J. AT WHITBY ..1923 .. FUNERAL CORNFOLD KATE, DIED HAMILTON, INQUEST ..1923 .. DEATH NOTICE CORNISH LEWIS, 87 YEARS, BOWMANVILLE NATIVE ..1931 .. OBITUARY CORUSY EDWUS W. DIED ST.CATHARINES ..1929 .. OBITUARY CORYELL FRANK, TO EVELYN REYNOLDS, OF WINGHAM ..1910 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE COSTESTDU BERT, KILLED ACCIDENT AT THOROLD ..1923 .. DEATH NOTICE COTE MRS. EDNA, ELECTROCUTED BLIND RIVER AREA ..1930 .. DEATH NOTICE COTTER LOUISE, TORONTO, CAR ACCIDENT ..1937 .. DEATH NOTICE COTTON MRS. CHARLES, GANANOQUE, 100 YEARS OLD ..1945 .. TRIBUTE COTTON WILLIAM, TO GRACE HAMILTON, TORONTO ..1930 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE COTTRELL ROBERT, PETERBOROUGH C.G.E. RETIRING ..1941 .. TRIBUTE COUGHLER OMER, ACCIDENT WILLIAMSBURGH ..1922 .. DEATH NOTICE COUGHLER OWEN, DIED ACCIDENT CORNWALL ..1922 .. DEATH NOTICE COUGHLIN JAMES W. DIES OF WOUNDS, WW2 ..1945 .. OBITUARY COUGHLIN MICHAEL, DIED TORONTO, EX PETERBOROUGH ..1945 .. OBITUARY COULSON GEORGE, NELSON TWP. TO SARA GILMORE ..1905 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE COULTER HUGH, HUNGERFORD TOWNSHIP ..1931 .. OBITUARY COULTER MRS. WILLIAM, NEE PEEL, DIED MANVERS TWP. ..1900 .. OBITUARY COULTER ROBERT P. DIED STIRLING ..1930 .. OBITUARY COURSEY MARIE, DIED TORONTO, EX PETERBOROUGH ..1923 .. DEATH NOTICE COURTICE WILLIAM, DIED DARLINGTON TWP. ..1922 .. OBITUARY COUTTS MRS. ROSE, NEE BUGGS, DIED WINGHAM ..1934 .. OBITUARY COVERT MR. AND MRS. OF ROSENEATH, NARROW ESCAPE DROWNING ..1927 .. COWAN RICHARD L. DIED TORONTO ..1934 .. OBITUARY COWAN WILLIAM, DIED TILLSONBURG AREA ..1931 .. OBITUARY COWIESON JOHN B. CAMBRAY, CARBON MONOXIDE ..1931 .. OBITUARY COX ALBERT, TO NESSIE GRAHAM, AT ST.CATHARINES ..1923 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE COX LOUIS P. OF PETERBOROUGH, KILLED WW2 ..1945 .. OBITUARY COX WILLIAM H. DIED AT WELLAND ..1934 .. OBITUARY CRAGG C.C. (DR) DIED AT PETERBOROUGH ..1946 .. OBITUARY CRAIG JAMES S. SASKATCHEWAN, JOINING PETERBOROUGH FIRM ..1945 .. CRAIG MRS. JOHN C. NEE HAMMOND, DIED OWEN SOUND ..1934 .. OBITUARY CRAIG ROBERT, DIED BROCKVILLE ..1930 .. OBITUARY CRAKE MRS. MARGARET, DIED TORONTO, EX VANCOUVER ..1931 .. OBITUARY CRANE MRS. MARY, OTONABEE TWP. ..1946 .. OBITUARY CRANFIELD HOWARD, OSHAWA, GARAGE DESTROYED FIRE ..1927 .. CRANFIELD ROBERT G. OF PETERBOROUGH, TO NADINE CHRISTIE ..1945 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE CRANSTON WILLIAM, DIED HAMILTON, FUNERAL BOLTON ..1930 .. OBITUARY CRAPP MRS. ADOLPHUS, HALL'S BRIDGE CHURCH ..1931 .. TRIBUTE CRAWFORD FRANK, COLCHESTER TWP. CHARGED OFFENSE ON GIRL ..1913 .. CRAWFORD JOHN B. OF TORONOT, ARRESTED HANDBOOK CHARGES ..1923 .. CRAWFORD MRS. FREDERICK, LAKEFIELD ..1945 .. FUNERAL CRAWFORD MRS. FREDERICK, NEE SHEWEN, LAKEFIELD ..1945 .. OBITUARY CRAWFORD MRS. GEORGE, DIED AT GALT ..1934 .. DEATH NOTICE CRAWFORD SARAH, OF STAMFORD TWP. ..1934 .. DEATH NOTICE CREASER JOHN A. TO JEAN BURRITT, AT LAKEFIELD ..1927 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE CRECINE LORETTA, DIED OWEN SOUND, BORN ELDERSLIE TWP. ..1929 .. OBITUARY CREENE KENNETH, TOORNTO, JAILED PROSTITUTION CHARGES ..1923 .. CREEPER FRANK, PLAINFIELD, ATTACKED BY BANDITS ..1937 .. CRIDLAND FRANK, DIED AT PETERBOROUGH ..1922 .. DEATH NOTICE CRIPPS HENRY, BRANTFORD TOWNSHIP ..1930 .. OBITUARY CROCKER JOHN, DIED MILLBROOK AREA ..1928 .. OBITUARY CROCKER MRS. WILLIAM, TORONTO,PARTY DAUGHTER BEATRICE ..1934 .. CROMBIE JAMES, TORONTO, 47 YEARS GTR SERVICE ..1923 .. CROMPTON EDWIN, DIED TORONTO, EX BRANTFORD ..1929 .. OBITUARY CRONK REUBAN, OLD RESIDENT OF DESERONTO ..1931 .. OBITUARY CROOKER MRS. ROGER, NEE TARRANT, DIED INGERSOLL ..1934 .. OBITUARY CROPLEY MRS. WINNIFRED, DUNBARTON, KILLED CAR ACCIDENT ..1945 .. DEATH NOTICE CROSBY DANILE P. DIED AT ST.THOMAS ..1905 .. OBITUARY CROSBY MRS. MARTHA, DIED AT CHATHAM ..1931 .. OBITUARY CROSS DONALD, GUNSHOT, TORONTO ..1945 .. DEATH NOTICE CROSS FIRMAN, DIED AT KINGSTON HOSPITAL ..1934 .. OBITUARY CROSS JOHNNY, DELORO, 41 YEARS IN MINING ..1946 .. FAMILY HISTORY CROSS MRS. ROBERT, TWEED, BREAKS QUARATINE ORDER ..1931 .. CROSS WALTER, TO KNOWLES SCHRAM, AT MERRITTON ..1930 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE CROSSETT DAVID, DIED TILLSONBURG, BORN BAYHAM TWP. ..1934 .. OBITUARY CROSSLAND ROBERT, DIED THORNBURY ..1927 .. OBITUARY CROSSON KATHLEES, COBOURG ROAD SCHOOLTEACHER ..1941 .. TRIBUTE CROUCHER GEORGE, SERIOUSLY BURNED TORONTO ..1913 .. CROUGH DANIEL, BRIDGENORTH, WARTIME LETTER FROM SON ..1919 .. CROUGH MICHAEL D. OF ENNISMORE, KILLED WW2 ..1945 .. OBITUARY CROUGH STEPHEN, OF PETERBOROUGH, TO ALMA PELLETIER ..1922 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE CROW ARTHUR, EX LAKEFIELD, ARRESTED FOR BURGLARIES ..1931 .. CROWE ARTHUR, PETERBOROUGH, JAILED FOR CHICKEN THEFT ..1931 .. CROWE GARRY, PETERBOROUGH, 5TH BIRTHDAY PARTY ..1945 .. CROWE JOSEPH, DIED MILTON ..1934 .. OBITUARY CROWE MRS. FRED, OF WARSAW, TELLS OF TRIP TO COAST ..1931 .. CROWHURST MRS. ARTHUR, NEE KERMAN, BURIED WELCOME ..1931 .. DEATH NOTICE CROWLEY WILLIAM, BORN OTONABEE TWP. ..1928 .. OBITUARY CROZIER MRS. ANDREW, DIED AT ST.CATHARINES ..1934 .. OBITUARY CRUMB ELIAS, DIED BRANTFORD ..1930 .. OBITUARY CRUMMY MRS. RICHARD, NEE CAMPBELL, DIED TOLEDO, ONTARIO ..1929 .. OBITUARY CUDNEY NORMANW . DIED GRANTHAM TOWNSHIP ..1931 .. OBITUARY CUFFE EVA, BORN PERCY TOWNSHIP ..1945 .. OBITUARY CULLAM JAMES, FELL OVER NIAGARA CLIFF ..1930 .. DEATH NOTICE CULLEN GERALD, PETERBOROUGH, PRINTING AWARD ..1931 .. TRIBUTE CULLEN WILLIAM, DIED OWEN SOUND ..1931 .. OBITUARY CULLING WILLIAM, TORONTO FIREMAN, SERIOUSLY INJURED ..1924 .. CULP JOSEPHUS, DIED AT NEVADA, EX HAMILTON ..1934 .. OBITUARY CULVER FRED, NORTH YORK BOY, ATTACKED BY DOGS ..1945 .. CULVER JOSEPH J. OF SIMCOE, REPORTED MISSING, PHOTO ..1922 .. CUMMING JAMES, DIED AT PARKDALE ..1930 .. OBITUARY CUMMING JIM, PETERBOROUGH, U.S. NAVY INSTRUCTOR, PHOTO ..1945 .. CUMMINGS ROY, BURNED TO DEATH, BRIGHTON ..1934 .. DEATH NOTICE CUNNINGHAM MRS. JAMES, DIED OAKVILLE ..1905 .. OBITUARY CUNNINGHAM MRS. JAMES, DIED ST. CATHARINES ..1930 .. OBITUARY CUNNINGHAM ROBERT, TO RACHEL MOORE, BRAMPTON ..1923 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE CURLE MRS. AMELIA, DIED CAMPBELLFORD ..1934 .. OBITUARY CURRAN JOHN E. DIED AT ST.THOMAS ..1927 .. OBITUARY CURRIE IRENE S. 32 YEARS, OF ELMVALE ..1927 .. OBITUARY CURRIE JOHN, OF EAST WAWANOSH, GOLDEN WEDDING, PHOTO ..1931 .. ANNIVERSARY CURRIER ADRIAN, OF ST. THOMAS, MYSTERIOUS ASSAULT ..1934 .. CURRY J.M. TO MARGARET REED, ESQUESING TWP. ..1905 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE CURTAIN CATHERINE, INJURED CAR ACCIDENT PETERBOROUGH ..1941 .. CURTIN LORETTA, DIED AT PETERBOROUGH ..1922 .. OBITUARY CURTIS ALEXANDER, DIED COBOURG ..1934 .. OBITUARY CURTIS GEORGE, DIED AT LINDSAY ..1929 .. OBITUARY CURTIS MARK, DOURO TWP. ..1918 .. DEATH NOTICE CURTIS MARY, BELLE EWART, ASPHYXIATED ..1945 .. DEATH NOTICE CURTIS WILLIAM, TO MARGARET HUNTER, AT LAKEFIELD ..1941 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE CUSCLISCO FINECHISO, ARRESTED BURGLARY TORONTO ..1929 .. CUTCLIFFE COURCY, DIED BELMONT TWP. ..1927 .. DEATH NOTICE CUTMORE DEANE, PETERBOROUGH, PILOT OFFICER ..1945 .. TRIBUTE DAFOE ALLAN MCPHERSON, DIED CROOKSTON ..1937 .. OBITUARY DALE MRS. FRANCIS, DIED AT BRAMPTON ..1931 .. OBITUARY DALE MRS. WILLIAM, NEE BIRD, DIED AT BRAMPTON ..1929 .. OBITUARY DALE PETER L. DIED CHATHAM ..1931 .. OBITUARY DALE RICHARD, OF OAKWOOD, TO ELLA DERBYSHIRE ..1913 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE DALE ROBERT, OF BRAMPTON, 67TH WEDDING, PHOTO ..1924 .. ANNIVERSARY DALE WILLIAM, TO LUCY BAXTER, AT BRAMPTON ..1930 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE DALE WILLIAM, TO LUCY BAXTER, AT TORONTO ..1930 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE DALES MRS. HELENA, NEE PLATH, DIED AT NEWMARKET ..1945 .. OBITUARY DALEY RUBY, BANCROFT TEACHER LEAVING ..1941 .. TRIBUTE DALEY THOMAS, DIED MERRITTON ..1929 .. OBITUARY DALLIN PERCY, TO FLORENCE SAUNDERS, PETERBOROUGH ..1927 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE DALTON WILLIAM, STAMFORD TWP. SUICIDE ..1922 .. DEATH NOTICE DANCE R.W. OF TORONTO, CAR ACCIDENT MINDEN ..1937 .. DEATH NOTICE DANIEL MRS. EDWIN, NEE PLUM, DIED AT GUELPH ..1910 .. OBITUARY DANIEL THOMAS, EGREMONT TWP. FARMER, DIED DURHAM ..1929 .. OBITUARY DANIEL WILLIAM G. DIED AT INGERSOLL ..1929 .. OBITUARY DANKERT CLYDE, TO BETTY BROWN, AT SHARON ..1934 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE DARBY ANDREW, DIED RR ACCIDENT NEAR GUELPH ..1900 .. DEATH NOTICE DARBY F.W. OF GUELPH, 56TH WEDDING ..1931 .. ANNIVERSARY DARBY WILLIAM, DIED AT SCARBOROUGH ..1929 .. OBITUARY DARCY ROBERT G. OF PETERBOROUGH, MISSING WW2 ..1945 .. DARLING ALICE, OMEMEE, WEDDING SHOWER ..1941 .. TRIBUTE DARR PAUL, OF AKRON, OHIO, SAVES BOY DROWNING ..1937 .. TRIBUTE DAVIDGE MRS. ANNE, DIED TORONTO ..1924 .. OBITUARY DAVIDSON EDWIN, TO MARJORIE MCLEOD, AT TORONTO ..1923 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE DAVIDSON FRED, SUDBURY POLICE SERGEANT, SHOT ..1937 .. DAVIDSON FRED, SUDBURY POLICE ..1937 .. DEATH NOTICE DAVIDSON GEORGE R. OF PETERBOROUGH, CLAIMS ASSAULT ..1919 .. DAVIDSON JOHN, 6 YEARS, HIT BY AUTO AT TORONTO ..1923 .. DAVIDSON S.W. DIED MARIPOSA TWP. ..1900 .. OBITUARY DAVIDSON WILLIAM T. CHELTENHAM AREA FARMER ..1923 .. OBITUARY DAVIES LEONARD, OF OAKVILLE, TRAMPLED BY HORSE ..1931 .. DEATH NOTICE DAVIES MRS. BENJAMIN, NEE NORMAN, DIED RIDGETOWN ..1930 .. OBITUARY DAVIS HOWARD, PETERBOROUGH, CONVOY DUTY WW2 ..1945 .. TRIBUTE DAVIS L.M. DIED LETHBRIDGE ACCIDENT, EX BOBCAYGEON ..1900 .. DEATH NOTICE DAVIS MRS. HARRY, DIED LAKEFIELD ..1928 .. DEATH NOTICE DAVIS MRS. JOHN, MORRIS TWP. SERIOUSLY ILL ..1910 .. DAVIS MRS. WILLIAM J. EUPHEMIA TWP. CARBON MONOXIDE GAS ..1931 .. DEATH NOTICE DAVIS ROY, DIED WEST OXFORD TOWNSHIP ..1926 .. OBITUARY DAVIS THOMAS, 31 YEARS, DIED PETERBOROUGH ..1922 .. OBITUARY DAVIS WILLIAM, BULEIGH TWP. JAILED FOR DRUNK CHARGE ..1945 .. DAVISON GROVER, DIED HUMBERSTONE TWP. ..1931 .. OBITUARY DAVISON MRS. MARY, DIED SCARBOROUGH ..1929 .. OBITUARY DAVY MRS. R. OF TORONTO, CAR ACCIDENT BANCROFT ..1941 .. DAWSON JOSEPH, DIED SOMBRA TOWNSHIP ..1931 .. OBITUARY DAY HARVEY M. DIED AT PICTON ..1934 .. OBITUARY DAY MRS. CHARLES, DIED TORONTO ..1926 .. OBITUARY DAY MRS. CHARLES, OF OTTAWA, GETS ALIMONY AND CHIDREN ..1923 .. DAY OLIVE, SMITH TWP TEACHER ..1941 .. TRIBUTE DAY WILLIAM B. TO MARJORIE TROTTER, AT PETERBOROUGH ..1945 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE DEACON FRED, DIED FLORIDA, BURIED BELLEVILLE ..1945 .. OBITUARY DEACON MRS. CATHERINE, NEE DEEGAN, DIED AT BELLEVILLE ..1934 .. OBITUARY DEAL JAMES H. DIED BRANTFORD ..1931 .. OBITUARY DEAMUDE A.B.W. DIED AT INGERSOLL ..1922 .. OBITUARY DEAN ADAM, ALBION TOWNSHIP ..1929 .. OBITUARY DEAN JOSEPH, DIED PETERBOROUGH ..1945 .. OBITUARY DEAN JOSEPH, PETERBOROUGH CAFE OWNER, COURT CASE ..1937 .. DEANE MRS. W.A. NEE RUDDELL, DIED OAKVILLE ..1929 .. OBITUARY DEARBORN MRS. MARGARET, NEE JOHNSTON, DIED OSHAWA ..1945 .. OBITUARY DEARING THOMAS, DIED NEAR BRONTE ..1929 .. OBITUARY DEBRUCE ALBERT, MURDER CHARGE AT BROCKVILLE ..1927 .. DEBRUGE ALBERT, OF ELIZABETHTOWN, CHARGED MURDER WIFE ..1927 .. DECARLO VIOLA, PETERBOROUGH COURT CASE ..1937 .. DEETH REGINALD, PETERBOROUGH, MILK WAGON ACCIDENT ..1945 .. DELAHAYE FREDERICK, DIED PETERBOROUGH ..1946 .. OBITUARY DELAHEY FRED, FAMILY REUNION AT PETERBOROUGH ..1941 .. FAMILY REUNION DELAIRE JOHN A. DIED PETERBOROUGH ..1941 .. OBITUARY DELAIRE JOHN A. DIED PETERBOROUGH ..1941 .. OBITUARY DELANEY HAROLD, OF LONDON, CHARGED AS PIMP ..1934 .. DELANEY MRS. CATHERINE, NEE FRASER, DIED TORONTO ..1929 .. OBITUARY DELANEY THOMAS, OTTAWA, 16 YRS. ARRESTED BABY ASSAULT ..1931 .. DELAURENTIS FRANCESCO, CHARGES TORONTO POLICE ASSAULT ..1923 .. DELCORDE ARTHUR, OTTAWA, DIED IN CAR ..1931 .. DEATH NOTICE DELINE IRENE, 4 YEARS, HIT BY CAR TORONTO ..1930 .. DELISLE MRS. CAMILLE, NEE FALCONER, DIED BELLEVILLE ..1927 .. OBITUARY DELONG HAROLD, OF PETERBOROUGH, REPORTED WOUNDED WW2 ..1945 .. DELORME RITA, ART, OF PETERBOROUGH, WW2 SERVICE, PHOTO ..1945 .. TRIBUTE DELUKE CAMILLE, LIQUOR COURT CASE PETERBOROUGH ..1905 .. DENHAM BOB, WARKWORTH, RECENT MARRIAGE, RECEPTION ..1937 .. TRIBUTE DENNE CHRISTOPHER, DIED BELLEVILLE, EX MARMORA ..1941 .. OBITUARY DENNEE ORRIN, DIED AT ST.THOMAS ..1927 .. OBITUARY DENNIS MRS. EMMA, NEE MCMICKING, STAMFORD TWP. PIONEER ..1934 .. OBITUARY DENNIS MRS. THOMAS, NEE HOUGHTAILLING, WARKWORTH ..1945 .. TRIBUTE DENNIS MRS. VIOLA, OF HAMILTON,DIED INJURIES CAR COLLISON ..1930 .. OBITUARY DENNIS ROBERT B. BORN NEAR NEWMARKET, EX YORK POLICE ..1924 .. OBITUARY DENNISON S. CASEY, DIED NAPANEE ..1930 .. OBITUARY DENNISTOUN MRS. JAMES, DIED WINNIPEG, BURIED PETERBOROUGH ..1927 .. OBITUARY DENSMORE ROBERT, ARRESTED AT LONDON, ROBBERIES ..1910 .. DENTON DAN, LOUISE THOMPSON, OF COBOURG, 60TH WEDDING ..1945 .. ANNIVERSARY DEPEW HERMAN, TO VIOLA STOCKS, AT WROXETER ..1923 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE DEPPER CHARLES, DIED AT LONDON ..1923 .. OBITUARY DESCHAMPS PHILIP, OF TORONTO, JAILED FOR CHICKEN THEFT ..1927 .. DESJARDINS LOUIS, OF CROWLAND, CLAIMS HE KILLED WIFE ..1945 .. DEVER WILLIAM, DIED YOUNG'S POINT ..1945 .. OBITUARY DEVINNE FRANK P. DIED PRESCOTT ..1930 .. OBITUARY DEVLIN BERNARD, DIED AT BARRIE ..1923 .. OBITUARY DEVLIN EDWARD, TO JESSIE DICKINSON, AT MILTON ..1934 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE DEWEY MRS. THOMAS, NEE DOVER, DIED AT ST.CATHARINES ..1927 .. OBITUARY DEYELL DOUGLAS, TO GLADYS SPIERS, MANVERS TWP. ..1931 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE DEYELL ELIZA JANE, DIED SMITH TWP. ..1941 .. OBITUARY DEYMAN MRS. L.H. PET DOG SANDY KILLED, MASCOT, POEM ..1945 .. DI SALVO ALEXANDER, HAMILTON, CHILD, HIT BY TRUCK ..1927 .. DEATH NOTICE DIAMOND THOMAS L. OF CAMPBELLFORD, GUILTY MANSLAUGHTER ..1927 .. DICK DAVID J. DIED KINGSTON ..1930 .. OBITUARY DICK JOHN, OF LONDON, 50TH WEDDING, PHOTO ..1931 .. ANNIVERSARY DICK MRS. JOHN, AT COBOURG ..1934 .. FUNERAL DICK MRS. JOHN, OF COBOURG, DIED AT FLRIDA ..1934 .. OBITUARY DICK MRS. WILLIAM, NEE MACDONALD, DIED TOTONTO ..1922 .. OBITUARY DICK ROBERT, TO NOREEN BUCKLAND, AT TORONTO ..1922 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE DICKENSON MARGARET R. 28 YEARS, WALLACEBURG ..1931 .. OBITUARY DICKERSON GEORGE B. DIED AT BROCKVILLE ..1931 .. OBITUARY DICKEY WALTER B, DIED KANSAS CITY, EX TORONTO ..1931 .. OBITUARY DICKIE NELLIE, AT WOODSTOCK, ORN BLANDFORD TWP. ..1929 .. OBITUARY DICKINSON JOB, HOPE TOWNSHIP RESIDENT ..1929 .. OBITUARY DICKINSON THOMAS, OF TORONTO, NEAR DROWNING ..1937 .. DICKSON CHARLES W. DIED EMONTON, EX OTONABEE TWP. ..1941 .. OBITUARY DICKSON JOSEPH, WARKWORTH, TESTIMONY AT DR. WEST INQUEST ..1927 .. DICKSON MRS. ALEXANDRA, TORONTO, PIONEER GODERICH FAMILY ..1929 .. OBITUARY DICKSON MRS. J.K. DIED INGERSOLL ..1934 .. OBITUARY DICKSON TOM, OMEMEE, TO MYRTLE POTTS ..1931 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE DIEBOLD (CLARKE) MRS. CARRIE, DIED AT TORONTO ..1922 .. OBITUARY DIEMERT ALFRED, TO HILDA WAGNER, AT MILDMAY ..1927 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE DIETRICH RAYBURN, TO BESSIE BRECKENRIDGE, AT LEAMINGTON ..1934 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE DILLON HUGH, DIED TORONTO ..1927 .. OBITUARY DINEEN MRS. T. LEAVING DOURO FOR HAMILTON ..1945 .. TRIBUTE DINGLE MRS. EDNA, NEE PEDLAR, DIED OSHAWA ..1929 .. OBITUARY DINGMAN CHAUNCEY, DIED AT CAMPBELLFORD ..1928 .. OBITUARY DINGMAN HERMAN, AND SISTER LUELLA, DIED NEAR WARKWORTH ..1945 .. OBITUARY DINGWALL WILLIAM, DIED CORNWALL ..1934 .. OBITUARY DITCHBURN JOHN, DIED AT ROSSEAU ..1924 .. OBITUARY DIXON JAMES, DIED CARRICK TOWNSHIP ..1927 .. OBITUARY DIXON JAMES, DIED NEW YORK, EX BROCKVILLE, SMITHS FALLS ..1934 .. OBITUARY DIXON REGINALD, OF PETERBOROUGH, WW2 PROMOTION CAPTAIN ..1945 .. TRIBUTE DOANE JOSEPH H. DIED TORONTO ..1924 .. OBITUARY DOBBIE MRS. ANDREW, DIED ESQUESING TWP. ..1905 .. OBITUARY DOBBIE MRS. ARCHIBALD, DIED AT STRATFORD ..1927 .. OBITUARY DOBBIN R.A. OF NORTH MONAGHAN TWP. SERIOUS INJURY ..1945 .. DOBSON J.MACKENZIE, TO HELEN GLAISTER, AT TORONTO ..1923 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE DOBSON MRS. JOHN, DIED MICHIGAN, EX TORONTO ..1924 .. OBITUARY DOCKRILL ELIZABETH H. DIED TORONTO, PHOTO ..1929 .. OBITUARY DOCKRILL MRS. JOHN, NEE MANSELL, AT PETERBOROUGH ..1919 .. OBITUARY DODD MRS. HARRY, NEE RAYCRAFT, BURIED HASTINGS ..1945 .. OBITUARY DODDS MRS. MARY, OMEMEE ..1927 .. DEATH NOTICE DODDS MRS. THOMAS, AT TORONTO, BURIED PETERBOROUGH ..1927 .. DEATH NOTICE DODDS MRS. THOMAS, NEE ENGLISH, AT TORONTO, EX OMEMEE ..1927 .. OBITUARY DODGSON MRS. BURTON, DIED AT MONTREAL, SON IN TORONTO ..1924 .. OBITUARY DODS JOHN M. FUNERAL AT ALTON ..1923 .. OBITUARY DOHERTY BERNARD, 7 YRS. DIED AT BRICKLEY ..1945 .. OBITUARY DOHERTY JULIA E. CHILD, DIED OTONABEE TWP. ..1906 .. DEATH NOTICE DOHERTY R.E. OF WISCONSIN, MILL FIRE KAPUSKASING ..1923 .. DEATH NOTICE DOHERTY THOMAS J. OTONABEE TWP. KILLED WW1 ..1918 .. DEATH NOTICE DOLEN EDWARD, DIED TORONTO, BORN NEW YORK ..1924 .. OBITUARY DOLMAGE WESLEY, STABBED AT BRAIN'S BREWERY ..1905 .. DONALD MRS. ELLA, DIED LOS ANGELES, EX COBOURG AREA ..1931 .. OBITUARY DONALDSON ARTHUR, OF OPS TWP., HIS CHILDREN DROWN ..1928 .. DEATH NOTICE DONALDSON JOHN, TORONTO, AUTO THEFT CHARGE ..1923 .. DONALDSON MRS. THOMAS, DIED AT PRESTON ..1931 .. OBITUARY DONCASTER MRS. CHARLES, NEE GIBSON, DIED OSHAWA ..1934 .. OBITUARY DONCASTER THOMAS, DIED AT ORONTO ..1924 .. OBITUARY DONELL WILLIAM J. DIED TORONTO, EX PETERBOROUGH] ..1922 .. OBITUARY DONLEY MRS. EMMA, DIED AT SIMCOE ..1931 .. OBITUARY DONNELLY MRS. ELIZABETH, NEE BEGG, DIED AT KINGSTON ..1931 .. OBITUARY DONNELLY MRS. JOHN, NEE BEGG, DIED AT KINGSTON ..1931 .. OBITUARY DONNELLY WILLIAM A. DIED CALIFORNIA, BORN PETERBOROUGH ..1922 .. OBITUARY DONOGHUE THOMAS, NEARLY DIES GAS POISONING TORONTO ..1913 .. DONOHUE MRS. MARY, NEE MCINTYRE, DIED AT ST.THOMAS ..1927 .. OBITUARY DONOVAN JOHN, SUICIDE AT BROCKVILLE INSANE ASYLUM ..1922 .. DEATH NOTICE DOODY MRS. MATTHEW, DIED COBOURG ..1923 .. OBITUARY DOOLITTLE PERRY E. DIED AT TORONTO ..1934 .. OBITUARY DOORSKY MARY, DIES FALL AT GUELPH ..1931 .. DEATH NOTICE DORAN ARTHUR F. DIED AT GUELPH ..1934 .. OBITUARY DORGAN MARY, 25 YEARS, DIED EMILY TOWNSHIP ..1900 .. OBITUARY DORIS MRS. RICHARD, DIED OTONABEE TWP. ..1927 .. OBITUARY DORLAND WILLIE, TO MILDRED ARTHUR, MURRAY TOWNSHIP ..1926 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE DORMAN TALBERT, AT SMITH'S FALLS, BORN ELGIN ..1929 .. OBITUARY DORMER TED, INVOLVED IWO JIMA BATTLE WW2 ..1945 .. TRIBUTE DOUGHTY JAMES D. GUELPH BUSINESS AND MILITARY MAN ..1922 .. OBITUARY DOUGLAS FLOYD, AT TWEED, BORN THOROLD ..1937 .. OBITUARY DOUGLAS G.E. DIES ATWOOD, EX PETERBOROUGH ..1946 .. OBITUARY DOUGLAS MACPHERSON, OF FORT STEWART, WANTED IN SHOOTING ..1945 .. DOUGLAS WILLIAM H. DIED AT SAULT STE.MARIE ..1931 .. OBITUARY DOWNEY GEORGE, CORNWALL ONTARIO, TRIAL FOR SMUGGLING ..1931 .. DOWNIE RALPH W. DIED AT ST.CATHARINES ..1931 .. OBITUARY DOWNIE RALPH W. OF THOROLD, DIED ST.CATHARINES ..1931 .. OBITUARY DOWNING HARRY, DIED WINNIPEG, BORN GODERICH ..1910 .. OBITUARY DOXSEE EARL H. DIED BELLEVILLE ..1929 .. OBITUARY DOXSEE MELVA LEE, PETERBOROUGH, 6TH BIRTHDAY PARTY ..1937 .. DOYLE MATTHEW, TO LOUISE FLANNIGAN, AT COBOURG ..1941 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE DOYLE MICHAEL, AT CHATHAM, EX RALEIGHT TWP. ..1929 .. OBITUARY DOYLE MRS. JOHN, DIED HARWICH TOWNSHIP ..1929 .. DEATH NOTICE DOYLE MRS. THOMAS,DIED RALEIGH TOWNSHIP ..1929 .. OBITUARY DOYLE MURDER CASE, BURFORD TWP. FELIX DOYLE SUSPECT ..1905 .. DREVING VICTOR, TORONTO, ALCOHOL CHARGES ..1923 .. DRINKLE WILLIAM, 93 YEARS, DIED OSHAWA ..1929 .. OBITUARY DRIVER ALFRED, BETHANY, 45TH WEDDING ..1937 .. ANNIVERSARY DROPE ROBERT, TO CLARA SANDERCOCK, OF CAMBORNE ..1923 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE DRUCE ATHUR, BACK IN PETERBOROUGH FROM WAR ..1945 .. DRUMMOND ELIZABETH, 83 YEARS, AT KEENE ..1919 .. OBITUARY DRUMMOND JOHN G. PETERBOROUGH TAXI BUSINESS ..1945 .. OBITUARY DRUMMOND MRS. ELIZABETH, NEE SIMPSON, AT OTTAWA ..1927 .. DEATH NOTICE DRUMMOND PETER, AT KEENE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH ..1919 .. FUNERAL DRUMMOND PETER, DIED AT KEENE ..1919 .. OBITUARY DRYBROUGH ALEXANDER, AND JANE, DIED TORONTO ..1926 .. OBITUARY DRYDEN JOHN J. DIED AT GALT ..1931 .. OBITUARY DRYER HARRY, ARRESTED POLICE ASSAULT TORONTO ..1930 .. DUBRULE JOSEPH, DIED PRESCOTT, BORN SPENCERVILLE ..1929 .. OBITUARY DUCKERING JOHN, DIED BRANTFORD ..1927 .. OBITUARY DUDLEY RALPH, TO MARY BONNEAU, AT WARKWORTH ..1941 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE DUDLEY THOMAS E. DIED ST. CATHARINES ..1930 .. OBITUARY DUFF EDWARD, WARKWORTH AREA, FIRE DESTROYS HOUSE ..1945 .. DUFFY PATRICK, DIED EMILY TWP. ..1918 .. DEATH NOTICE DUGGAN MRS. OF YOUNG'S POINT, 89 YRS. ..1941 .. TRIBUTE DUGH EDWARD, BEWDLEY AREA ..1941 .. DEATH NOTICE DUKE JAMES, OF SUNDRIDGE, TO JESSIE MCLELLAN ..1924 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE DUMOUCHELLE MRS. ELIZABETH, NEE REAUME, DIED WINDSOR ..1930 .. OBITUARY DUNBAR WILLIAM, TO DOTOTHY BERTRIM, AT PETERBOROUGH ..1941 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE DUNCAN GEORGE T. TO RUTH THOMPSON, AT WOODSTOCK ..1927 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE DUNCAN ROBERT, CONSTABLE, FELL FROM TRAIN PORT HOPE ..1945 .. DEATH NOTICE DUNCAN ROBERT. PROVINCIAL CONSTABLE, INJURED ..1945 .. DUNCAN WILLIAM, OF SEAFORTH, TO SHIRLEY SILVESTER,CALGARY ..1922 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE DUNDAS GORDON, ARRESTED COBOURG, PETERBOROUGH ROBBERY ..1931 .. DUNDAS GORDON, SENTENCED JAIL/LASH FOR ROBBERY ..1931 .. DUNFORD HOBART A. DIED AT PETERBOROUGH ..1945 .. OBITUARY DUNLOP A. WALLACE, DIED AT KINGSTON ..1934 .. OBITUARY DUNLOP WILLIAM, DIED AT CHATHAM ..1931 .. OBITUARY DUNN CHARLES, 13, ARRESTED THEFT ACTON ..1905 .. DUNN PETER, WIFE, BROTHERS, DIED NORTH OXFORD, PNEUMONIA ..1923 .. OBITUARY DUNN TRUEMAN, DIED AT TRENT RIVER ..1931 .. OBITUARY DUNN TRUEMAN, DIED AT TRENT RIVER ..1931 .. OBITUARY DUNNING CHARLES W. DIED TORONTO ..1931 .. OBITUARY DUNSFORD GEORGE, DIED PETERBOROUGH ..1900 .. OBITUARY DUNSFORD GEORGE, DIED PETERBOROUGH ..1900 .. OBITUARY DUNSFORD ORA, SMITH TWP. TEACHER ..1941 .. TRIBUTE DUNSTAN ROBERT D. CHILD, AT PETERBOROUGH ..1922 .. DEATH NOTICE DURHAM MRS. HANNAH, DIED AT BRANCHTON ..1929 .. DEATH NOTICE DURRAN MRS. FLORINA, NEE SINCLAIR, DIED PERCY TOWNSHIP ..1934 .. OBITUARY DUTTON JOSEPH F. DIED AT GUELPH ..1929 .. OBITUARY DWYER EUGENE F. OF ST.CATHARINES, GOLDEN WEDDING ..1927 .. ANNIVERSARY DWYER NORMAN D. KILLED SICILY, WW2, BURIAL INFO ..1945 .. OBITUARY DYMOND EDGAR, TORONTO MUSICIAN ..1923 .. DEATH NOTICE EADIE HARRY, AND BERT, OF TORONTO, ARRESTED FOR THEFTS ..1922 .. EALKER MRS. EDMUND, TORONTO, TEA FOR DAUGHTER CYNTHIA ..1931 .. EANS MRS. THOMAS, BARTON TWP. HOURS AFTER HUSBAND ..1934 .. DEATH NOTICE EARL ERIC, BACK IN COBOURG, WW2 SERVICE ..1945 .. EASON DICK, OF KEENE, KILLED WW2 ..1945 .. DEATH NOTICE EAST MRS. JANE, NEE GILLIES, AT MICHIGAN, BORN KING TWP. ..1927 .. OBITUARY EASTCOTT JAMES N. AT MILLBROOK ..1931 .. FUNERAL EASTCOTT JAMES N. BURIED WELCOME CEMETERY ..1931 .. FUNERAL EASTCOTT JAMES N. CAVAN TOWNSHIP ..1931 .. OBITUARY EASTER CHARLES, DIED AT PRESCOTT ..1934 .. OBITUARY EASTERBROOK TOM, SHOT AFTER THIEVES TRY TO ROB HIM ..1934 .. EASTLAND WALTER, DIED AT VANCOUVER, EX PETERBOROUGH ..1945 .. OBITUARY EASTMAN MRS. EMMA, NEE MCDONELL, DIED CHATHAM ..1930 .. OBITUARY EBERE WILLIAM, DIED AT CHATHAM ..1931 .. DEATH NOTICE EDGAR SAMUEL, DIED STRATFORD, BORN NORTH EASTHOPE ..1929 .. OBITUARY EDGCOMBE JAMES, DIED VANCOUVER, EX PETERBOROUGH ..1927 .. OBITUARY EDGECOMBE JAMES, PETERBOROUGH ..1927 .. DEATH NOTICE EDGERS MRS. CORA, DIED TORONTO ..1927 .. DEATH NOTICE EDGERTON WILLIAM, LEAVING BENSFORT FOR SPRINGVILLE ..1945 .. TRIBUTE EDHERTON MILDRED, PETERBOROUGH BRIDE TO BE, SHOWER ..1941 .. TRIBUTE EDIE DONALD, TO ANNIE ADAMS, TORONTO ..1922 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE EDMUNDS ANNIE R. DIED AT SMITHS FALLS ..1934 .. OBITUARY EDNEY ALFRED, DIED LINDSAY ..1900 .. OBITUARY EDWARDS CHARLES, CHILD, AT PETERBOROUGH ..1922 .. DEATH NOTICE EDWARDS CLARENCE, NEAR DROWNING AT BRANTFORD ..1931 .. EDWARDS GEORGE T. AT TORONTO, EX HASTINGS ..1928 .. OBITUARY EDWARDS JAMES, OF STREETSVILLE, 12 YEARS MARRIED ..1923 .. ANNIVERSARY EDWARDS LINCOLN E. DIED WOODSTOCK ..1930 .. OBITUARY EDWARDS MRS. JAMES, NEE MCFEE, DIED AT KEENE ..1945 .. OBITUARY EDWARDS MRS. WILLIAM, NEE MENAN, DIED STREETSVILLE ..1929 .. OBITUARY EDWARDS WILLIAM H. DIED PACKENHAM TOWNSHIP ..1931 .. OBITUARY EDWARDS WILLIAM J. DIED ACCIDENT NEAR TRAVERSTON ..1906 .. OBITUARY EGGLETON ROBERT, STIRLING, 70TH WEDDING ..1946 .. ANNIVERSARY EINERSON JACOB, KILLED BY BULL CARDWELL TWP. ..1934 .. DEATH NOTICE EKINS MRS. JOHN, NEE ROSS, DIED WOODSTOCK ..1927 .. OBITUARY ELBURY JAMES, LINDSAY, SAVED FIRE BY HIS DOG ..1931 .. ELCOMB BESSIE, DIED PETERBOROUGH ..1945 .. OBITUARY ELESON CHARLES, MURDERED NEAR CHAPLEAU ..1913 .. DEATH NOTICE ELGAR GEORGE, MILLBROOK, SERIOUS HEALTH ISSUES ..1945 .. ELLIOT J.J. MIDLAND KNOX CHURCH PASTOR ..1922 .. FUNERAL ELLIOTT EDWARD, DIED NEW HAMPSHIRE, EX NORWOOD ..1931 .. OBITUARY ELLIOTT FRED, DIED SEATTLE, EX BRAMPTON ..1924 .. OBITUARY ELLIOTT HENRY, DIED AT AYR ..1934 .. OBITUARY ELLIOTT JAMES R. DROWNS DETROIT RIVER ..1923 .. DEATH NOTICE ELLIOTT MRS. EDITH, NEE BRUNDETT, DIED AT PETERBOROUGH ..1945 .. OBITUARY ELLIOTT MRS. ERISKENE, DIED SARNIA ..1930 .. OBITUARY ELLIOTT MRS. JOHN, NEE JACKSON, DIED EMILY TOWNSHIP ..1927 .. OBITUARY ELLIOTT MRS. MARGARET, NEE SKUCE, OF MOUNT HOREB ..1934 .. OBITUARY ELLIOTT ROBERT, MARMORA, SCHOOL BOARD TROPHY ..1937 .. TRIBUTE ELLIOTT THOMAS G. DIED AT BELLEVILLE, EX MURRAY TWP. ..1931 .. OBITUARY ELLIOTT THOMAS, DIED AT WOOLER ..1931 .. OBITUARY ELLIOTT THOMAS, MURRAY TOWNSHIP ..1931 .. FUNERAL ELLIOTT WILLIAM J. DIED AT PRESCOTT ..1930 .. OBITUARY ELLIOTT WILLIAM, TO MILDRED BLODGETT, AT ROSENEATH ..1931 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE ELLIS B. OF HAVELOCK, JAILED DRUNK DRIVING ..1937 .. ELLIS DONALD, PETERBOROUGH, JAILED FALSE PRENTENSES ..1945 .. ELLIS DONALD, SENTENCED FOR CAR THEFT PETERBOROUGH ..1945 .. ELLIS GEORGE, DIED CAMPBELLFORD, BORN BELMONT TWP. ..1937 .. OBITUARY ELLIS GERALD, AT CARGILL, DIED PLANE ACCIDENT ..1929 .. FUNERAL ELLIS JAMES A. DIED BRANTFORD ..1934 .. OBITUARY ELLIS JAMES, NORTH DAKOTA, TO MIS S.KNOX ..1900 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE ELLIS JOHN A. FENELON FALLS ..1900 .. BIOGRAPHY ELLIS ORVILLE, OF THAMESVILLE, PENITENTIARY SENTENCE ..1922 .. ELLIS ORVILLE, OF THAMESVILLE, JAILED FOR BURGLARY ..1922 .. ELLIS ROBERT M. 3 YEARS, OF SASK. KILLED AUTO HAWKESBURY ..1930 .. DEATH NOTICE ELLIS ROBERT, OF IVY,SIMCOE COUNTY,CONVICTED MANSLAUGHTER ..1922 .. ELLIS WILSON, OMEMEE RCAF, HOLLAND RADIO ..1945 .. TRIBUTE ELLISON ARTHUR, DIED ST.CATHARINES ..1927 .. OBITUARY ELLISON MRS. SARAH, DIED BRANTFORD ..1929 .. OBITUARY ELLSWORTH ROYDEN, (YOUNGS POINT) TO TERESA ROSS ..1946 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE ELMER THOMAS W. BURIED CAVAN TWP. ..1931 .. DEATH NOTICE ELMHIRST ARTHUR, 84 YRS. DIED OTONABEE TWP. ..1941 .. OBITUARY ELMHIRST CHARLES, OF INDIAN RIVER, SERIOUS CAR CRASH ..1945 .. ELMHIRST CHARLES, OTONABEE, CONVICTED RECKLESS DRIVING ..1945 .. ELMHIRST MRS. RICHARD, NEE SHAW, DIED OTONABEE TWP. ..1919 .. OBITUARY EMBERSON MRS. JOHN, NEE CREBA, SOUTH MONAGHAN TWP. ..1931 .. OBITUARY EMERSON MRS. SARAH, NEE ABBOTT, DIED THURLOW TWP. ..1927 .. OBITUARY EMERY ERIC, TO EMMA COLES, AT HASTINGS ..1941 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE EMERY ERIC, TO LOUISE COLES, AT HASTINGS ..1941 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE EMERY JOSEPH F. DIED SOMBRA TOWNSHIP ..1934 .. OBITUARY EMERY ROY, PRISONER OF WAR, GERMANY ..1945 .. EMIGH CHARLES, NEARLY DIES GAS POISONING TORONTO ..1913 .. EMLAW MRS. ROSINE, AT TORONTO, EX CAMPBELLFORD ..1945 .. OBITUARY ENDICOTT PHILIP, OF MINNESOTA, BACK VISITING FENELON ..1900 .. ENGLAND FRED W. OF TORONTO, CHARGED STOLEN AUTOS ..1922 .. ENGLAND RUTH, 5 YEARS, HIT BY CAR TORONTO ..1930 .. ENGLISH FRANK, DIED HALIBURTON ..1945 .. OBITUARY ENGLISH IRENE, OPS TWP. MISSING ..1921 .. ENGLISH JOHN, BURNT RIVER, FIRE DESTROYS HOUSE ..1900 .. ENGLISH KERRY, 6 YRS. HASTINGS, HOSPITAL OPERATION ..1945 .. ENNIS RICHARD, NORWOOD ..1945 .. OBITUARY ENRIGHT MRS. MARGARET, DIED PORT CREDIT ..1924 .. OBITUARY ERNST MRS. JANE C. DIED AT NEW HAMBURG ..1934 .. OBITUARY ERREY DONOVAN, GERMAN POW, MAKES ARTIFICIAL LEGS ..1945 .. TRIBUTE ERSKINE FRANK, OF LAKEFIELD, HIGHWAY TRAFFIC CHARGE ..1945 .. ESTERBROOKE SARAH, DIED EAST ZORRA TWP. ..1927 .. OBITUARY EVA PHILIP, BENTINICK TOWNSHIP PIONEER ..1929 .. OBITUARY EVANS A.E. DIED AT CORNWALL ..1930 .. OBITUARY EVANS FREDERICK, DIED AT WINDSOR ..1922 .. OBITUARY EVANS MRS. WILLIAM, NEE BIRKS, DIED BRAMPTON ..1923 .. OBITUARY EVANS PERCY, TO LAURA TAYLOR, AT PARIS, ONTARIO ..1913 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE EVANS THOMAS, AT PARIS, ONTARIO, DIAMOND WEDDING ..1924 .. ANNIVERSARY EVANS THOMAS, BARTON TWP. FARMER, EXPOSURE ..1934 .. DEATH NOTICE EVANS WILLIAM O. DIED AT BRANTFORD ..1931 .. OBITUARY EVANS WILLIAM, NANTICOKE, 50TH WEDDING ..1941 .. ANNIVERSARY EVERITT EDWARD, DIED HANOVER, EX WINGHAM ..1929 .. OBITUARY EVERS WOODROW, PETERBOROUGH, SERVING CORVETTE WW2 ..1945 .. TRIBUTE EVON MRS. NORAH, DIED AT PETITE, ESSEX COUNTY ..1923 .. OBITUARY EWART ERNEST R. DIED AT PRESCOTT ..1929 .. OBITUARY EWART MRS. ANNIE, DIED AT PRESCOTT ..1931 .. OBITUARY EWING MRS. ALEXANDER, DIED AT TORONTO ..1931 .. OBITUARY EWING PETER, DIED LONDON, BURIED TORONTO ..1922 .. OBITUARY EYERS JACOB, PORT DOVER ..1934 .. OBITUARY FAHEY JOSEPH, DIED AT WINNIPEG, EX BELLEVILLE ..1934 .. OBITUARY FAIR ROBERT, PETERBOROUGH MERCHANT ..1931 .. OBITUARY FAIR THOMAS J. DIED BRANTFORD ..1926 .. OBITUARY FAIRBAIRN FLORENCE, DIED PETERBOROUGH ..1946 .. OBITUARY FAIRBAIRN MRS. RICHARD, (ANDERSON) DIED LAKEFIELD ..1937 .. OBITUARY FAIRCLOUGH MRS. RUSHTON, NEE ALLEN, AT CALIF. EX KINGSTON ..1927 .. OBITUARY FAIRLESS EDWARD, DIED AT PARIS ..1923 .. OBITUARY FAIRMAN HAROLD, 9 YEARS, DIED TRENTON ..1934 .. OBITUARY FALLOWDOWN MARGE, 29 YEARS, SUNDERLAND ..1934 .. OBITUARY FALLS MRS. THOMAS, DIED AT PORT ARTHUR ..1931 .. OBITUARY FALLS RAY, SOUTH MONAGHAN TWP. DISCOVERS 4 DEAD IN CAR ..1945 .. FALOONA HUGH, DIED PORT ARTHUR ..1929 .. OBITUARY FALVEY PATRICK, 91 YEARS, DIED TORONTO ..1924 .. OBITUARY FARLEY MRS. NORA, AT DOURO TWP. ..1945 .. OBITUARY FARLEY MRS. NORA, NEE FITZGERALD, OTONABEE TWP. ..1945 .. OBITUARY FARMER MRS. WILLIAM, NEE WYLY, DIED AT ANCASTER ..1927 .. OBITUARY FARMWORTH WALTER, TORONTO, FINED TOBACCO CHARGES ..1923 .. FARR ALEXANDER D. DIED GUELPH, EX ERAMOSA TWP. ..1929 .. OBITUARY FARRELL WILLIAM, DIED AT WOODSTOCK ..1927 .. OBITUARY FARRY JAMES A. DIED IOWA, EX COBOURG ..1934 .. OBITUARY FARTHING MRS. ANNIE, DIED TORONTO ..1923 .. OBITUARY FAULKNER HUGH W. INFANT, AT PETERBOROUGHG ..1931 .. DEATH NOTICE FAWCETT R.W. 64TH WEDDING AT SAULT STE.MARIE ..1934 .. ANNIVERSARY FAX MELVA, TORONTO, TRAIN ACCIDENT, INQUEST ..1931 .. DEATH NOTICE FAX MRS. MELVA, HIT BY TRAIN NEAR OAKVILLE ..1931 .. DEATH NOTICE FECTEAU JOHN, TRENTON PIONEER ..1934 .. OBITUARY FEE JAMES, TO ANNIE SHIELD, AT PETERBOROUGH ..1919 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE FEE JAMES, TO ANNIE SHIELD, MOUNT PLEASANT ..1919 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE FEE WILLIAM W. DIED EST EMILY TOWNSHIP ..1934 .. OBITUARY FEEK ROBERT, ARRESTED WELLAND SHORT CHANGE GAME ..1913 .. FEELY JOHN C. DIED AT BRANTFORD ..1922 .. OBITUARY FELLOWS WILLIAM H. DIED WINDSOR ..1929 .. OBITUARY FENNER MRS. ANNIE, SERIOUSLY INJURED TORONTO ..1923 .. FENTON FRANK, MIDLAND AREA, SAVES HORSE WATERY GRAVE ..1931 .. FERGUSON ALEXANDER, DIED MILL CREEK, GALT ..1930 .. OBITUARY FERGUSON DONALD, TO ANNA DERBYSHIRE, AT PRESCOTT ..1930 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE FERGUSON HARRY, HAVELOCK, NOT GUILTY DRINKING CHARGE ..1945 .. FERGUSON MRS. ROBERT, NEE MCGHEE, DIED NESTLETON ..1927 .. OBITUARY FERGUSON RACHEL, TORONTO, INQUEST INTO MURDER ..1900 .. FESTING PERCY, OF BERTIE TWP. CRUELTY TO ANIMALS CHARGE ..1945 .. FESTING WILFRED J. DIED VANCOUVER, EX ST.CATHARINES ..1934 .. OBITUARY FETTER JOHN, SERIOULY INJURED AT MILTON ..1905 .. FEWSTER HERMAN, DIED DOVER TWP. ..1930 .. OBITUARY FEWSTER JOSEPH, DIED BRAMPTON ..1931 .. OBITUARY FIELD ALFRED, TO DOROTHY MERRETT, PETERBOROUGH ..1941 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE FIELD E.J. OF GENEVA, OHIO, SUPER FISHERMEN RICE LAKE ..1941 .. FIELD MRS. W.R. AT PETERBOROUGH ..1931 .. FUNERAL FIELD MRS. WILLIAM, NEE HERRIETT, DIED PETERBOROUGH ..1931 .. OBITUARY FIELD NORMAN G. OF PETERBOROUGH, CAPTURES GERMANS WW2 ..1945 .. TRIBUTE FIELD NORMAN, PETERBOROUGH, WOUNDED WW2 ..1945 .. TRIBUTE FIELD THEODORE, DIED NIAGARA TOWNSHIP ..1934 .. OBITUARY FIELD W.R. AND FAMILY, PETERBOROUGH, WW2 SERVICE ..1945 .. TRIBUTE FIELDING MRS. HARRIET, 96 YEARS, DIED GUELPH ..1934 .. OBITUARY FIFE JOHN, DIED PETERBOROUGH ..1946 .. OBITUARY FIFE MRS. ROBERT, DIED NORWOOD ..1921 .. DEATH NOTICE FINCH MRS. HARRY, DIED AT SARNIA ..1934 .. DEATH NOTICE FINE GORDON, DRIVING CHARGE AT PETERBOROUGH ..1922 .. FINK GEORGINA, 21 YEARS, DIED AT PRESTON ..1931 .. OBITUARY FINKBEINER MILTON, OF CREDITON, CAR CRASH ..1934 .. DEATH NOTICE FINKLE EDNA G. DIED AT COLBORNE ..1927 .. OBITUARY FINLAY WILLIAM, GOLDEN WEDDING AT NORTH COBALT ..1934 .. ANNIVERSARY FINN JAMES S. OF KINGSTON, BEATEN, ROBBED ..1945 .. FINNEMORE CHARLES W. DIED LAKEFIELD ..1941 .. OBITUARY FINNEY VICTOR, PETERBOROUGH, WIRELESS AIR GUNNER ..1945 .. TRIBUTE FISHER ALBERT, FIRE SCARBOROUGH, SUSPICIOUS ..1927 .. DEATH NOTICE FISHER BENJAMIN, DIED HUNGERFORD TWP. ..1934 .. OBITUARY FISHER JOSEPH M. DIED AT IROQUOIS ..1934 .. OBITUARY FISHER JOSEPH, 57 YEARS, JANETVILLE AREA ..1934 .. OBITUARY FISHER MELVILLE, OF TORONTO, TO BESSIE ACHESON, ST.PAUL'S ..1913 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE FISHER MRS. CECIL, KIRKLAND LAKE,ACCIDENT WASHING MACHINE ..1945 .. DEATH NOTICE FISHER MRS. F.E. ROBBED IN SCARBOROUGH TWP. ..1922 .. FISHER MRS. LOUIS, NEE NIESON, DIED INGERSOLL ..1931 .. OBITUARY FISHER THOMAS, DIED PRICEVILLE ..1906 .. DEATH NOTICE FISHLEIGH ROBERT, SOUTH YARMOUTH TOWNSHIP ..1929 .. OBITUARY FISK FREDERICK E. DIED OWEN SOUND ..1934 .. OBITUARY FITCH HAROLD, OTONABEE TWP. MOVING PETERBOROUGH ..1919 .. TRIBUTE FITE JOHN, OF SELKIRK, 58TH WEDDING PHOTO ..1931 .. ANNIVERSARY FITZGERALD MICHAEL, CHILD, DIED PETERBOROUGH ..1922 .. DEATH NOTICE FITZGERALD WILLIAM H. DIED TACOMA, BURIED PETERBOROUGH ..1928 .. DEATH NOTICE FITZGERALD WILLIAM, MONTAGUE TWP. RESIDENT ..1934 .. OBITUARY FITZPATRICK MRS. AMELIA, NEE GAMSBY, WINNIPEG, EX ORONO ..1929 .. DEATH NOTICE FLATH MRS. MARGARET, NEE HAMMELL, DIED AT TORONTO ..1931 .. OBITUARY FLEETWOOD HELEN, PETERBOROUGH, WEDDING SHOWER ..1945 .. TRIBUTE FLEMING JAMES, TO MARTHA SKUCE, OPS TOWNSHIP ..1900 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE FLEMING MRS. NICHOLAS, NEE BRONSON, DIED ART CROOKSTON ..1934 .. OBITUARY FLETCHER EDWARD, DIED OSHAWA ..1929 .. OBITUARY FLETCHER JOHN W. DIED DETROIT, EX TORONTO ..1913 .. OBITUARY FLETCHER ROBERT, DIED STIRLING ..1931 .. OBITUARY FLICK MRS. HELEN, NEE AITKINS, DIED WOODSTOCK ..1929 .. OBITUARY FLINT ERNEST, TO MARTHA MACK, OF HAVELOCK ..1941 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE FLOOD JOHN, TO MRS. NELLIE O'CONNELL, PETERBOROUGH ..1905 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE FLOWER JOHN B. DIED INGERSOLL, EX DEREHAM TWP. ..1927 .. OBITUARY FLOWERS WALTER, PETERBOROUGH, TO NELL OWEN ..1921 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE FLYNN MRS. JOSEPH, LANSING, ONTARIO PIONEER ..1929 .. OBITUARY FLYNN PATRICK J. DIED TRENT RIVER ..1934 .. OBITUARY FOOT HARRY F. CANADIAN CURLER, DIED AT STONEY LAKE ..1941 .. OBITUARY FORBES FRANK, WW2 SERVICE USA, WIFE PETERBOROUGH ..1945 .. TRIBUTE FORBES GERALD D. OF GLEN ALDA, KILLED ITALY WW2 ..1945 .. OBITUARY FORBY WILLIAM G. DIED ACCIDENT AT BELLEVILLE ..1923 .. OBITUARY FORD JACKSON, BRANTFORD PIONEER ..1900 .. DEATH NOTICE FORDE ANNIE, DIED AT BRANTFORD ..1931 .. DEATH NOTICE FOREMAN ALEXANDER, DIED COLLINGWOOD ..1930 .. OBITUARY FOREMAN HENRY, COLLINGWOOD PIONEER FAMILY ..1934 .. OBITUARY FORGIE MRS. MARGARET, NEE MACFARLANE, AT TORONTO ..1934 .. OBITUARY FORMAN MRS. JOHN, NEE SCOTT, PERCY TWP. ..1941 .. TRIBUTE FORSTER CHARLES, AT HILLSBURG ..1923 .. FUNERAL FORSTER EDWARD H. DIED TORONTO ..1913 .. OBITUARY FORSYTH WALTER, 52 YEARS MARRIED, PETERBOROUGH ..1945 .. ANNIVERSARY FORSYTHE JAMES, OF WOODSTOCK, GOLDEN WEDDING ..1922 .. ANNIVERSARY FOSTER ALBERT, DIED AT BRAMPTON ..1930 .. OBITUARY FOSTER ALVAH, OF JORDAN COURT CASE OVER BURNED WILL ..1923 .. FOSTER ARTHUR, DIED KITCHENER ..1931 .. OBITUARY FOSTER MRS. JOHN, DIED HAGERSVILLE ..1905 .. FUNERAL FOSTER O.E. DIED BUFFALO, EX WHITBY ..1929 .. DEATH NOTICE FOSTER WILLIAM, TO VILET EVANS, AT PETERBOROUGH ..1919 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE FOUNTAIN MRS. ARTHUR, NEE WOOD, DIED ORILLIA ..1930 .. OBITUARY FOURNIER GEORGE, 16 YEARS, OF LONDON, BANDIT ..1923 .. FOWLDS MARY P. OF HASTINGS, DIED TORONTO ..1931 .. OBITUARY FOWLER ALFRED, TO NINA WALLACE, AT BOLTON ..1923 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE FOWLER CHARLES, AT VIRGINAI, EX WOODSTOCK ..1923 .. DEATH NOTICE FOWLER HARRY S. DIED AT COBOURG ..1941 .. OBITUARY FOWLER JAMES, DIED AT KINGSTON ..1923 .. OBITUARY FOWLER JEAN, PETERBOROUGH BRIDE TO BE SHOWER ..1941 .. TRIBUTE FOWLER WILLIAM, TEESWATER, GOLDEN WEDDING PHOTO ..1931 .. ANNIVERSARY FOWLEY WILLIAM, OF MIMICO, LIKELY SUICIDE, SHOT ..1931 .. DEATH NOTICE FOX AGNES, WELLAND, GUILTY BIRTH CONCEALMENT ..1934 .. FOX GEORGE, LINDSAY RADIO OFICER, IN SCOTTISH HOSPITAL ..1941 .. FOX JAMES, DIED FENELON TWP. ..1934 .. OBITUARY FOX JOHN, 57 YEARS, DIED CAMPBELLFORD ..1922 .. OBITUARY FOX MRS. PHOEBE, DIED DOVER TWP. ..1931 .. OBITUARY FOX MRS. WILLIAM, NEE HOLMES. DIED COBOURG ..1930 .. OBITUARY FOXTON THOMAS A. TO ANNIE ROBERTSON, AT WINGHAM ..1926 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE FRALICK H.V. OF NAPANEE, AT TORONTO ..1914 .. DEATH NOTICE FRANCE GEORGE, OF SARNIA, SHOT BY BURGLAR COTTAGE ..1927 .. FRANCIS MRS. RICHARD, NEE BERRY, DIED SMITHS FALLS ..1931 .. OBITUARY FRANCIS NORMAN, TO ENA MACNAB, AT ORILLIA ..1923 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE FRANKS ALVIN, EMILY TWP. SERIOUS INJURIES HIT AND RUN ..1931 .. FRANKS JOHN T. DIED AT CHATHAM ..1931 .. DEATH NOTICE FRANKS MRS. JOHN, NEE BROWN, DIED BRAMPTON ..1924 .. OBITUARY FRASER CHRISTOPHER, TO GRACE BURNS, AT TORONTO ..1927 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE FRASER JOHN R. (DR) DIED LAKEFIELD ..1945 .. OBITUARY FRASER JOHN S. DIED WALLACEBURG ..1930 .. OBITUARY FRASER MARS. JAMES, NEE DOLAN, DIED PETERBOROUGH ..1941 .. OBITUARY FRASER MRS. HYNDMORE, BURIED PETERBOROUGH ..1945 .. DEATH NOTICE FRASER VERONICA, DIED PETERBOROUGH ..1931 .. OBITUARY FRATOLLI JESSE, TORONTO, ASSAULT, ROBBERY CHARGES ..1934 .. FREE A.W. OF SEYMOUR TWP. ..1922 .. OBITUARY FREEBURN MRS. JOHN, NEE MCCALL, SMITH TWP. ..1945 .. OBITUARY FREEL CECILIA, DIED THOROLD ..1930 .. OBITUARY FREELOVE KATHLEEN, LEAVING CAVAN FOR LONDON ..1922 .. TRIBUTE FREEMAN LLOYD, TO ALMA RICE OF TORONTO, AT CALGARY ..1923 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE FRENCH HAROLD, TO ELIZABETH LOMAX, TORONTO ..1923 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE FRENCH JOHN J. DIED AT MARMORA ..1945 .. OBITUARY FRENCH SARAH P. 90TH BIRTHDAY CELEBRATION TORONTO ..1934 .. FRENETTE MATT, CLOSE CALL FIRE DEATHS, SAULT STE.MARIE ..1923 .. FREY JACOB E. DIED AT STRATFORD ..1929 .. OBITUARY FRIEND MRS. JANE, NEE PETHICK, DIED AT STRATFORD ..1931 .. OBITUARY FROST MRS. JAMES, DIED TORONTO, EX PERCY TWP. ..1941 .. OBITUARY FROST RUSSELL, OF HAMILTON, NO BLAME DEATH OF CHILD AUTO ..1922 .. FRY LORNE E. HALIBURTON, COURT CASE RE DEATH DAUGHTER ..1945 .. FUDGER EUNICE, OF TORONTO, DANCING PARTY ..1913 .. FULFORD FREDERICK W. 90 YEARS, DIES AT BROCKVILLE ..1931 .. OBITUARY FULLER MRS. ROSAMUND, DIED TORONTO ..1924 .. OBITUARY FURNISS MRS. MARY, NEE BURSBY, DIED BEAVERTON ..1934 .. OBITUARY GABARRINO LOUIS, GUNSHOT WOUND HAMILTON ..1931 .. GAEBAL G.R. OF BANCROFT, BACK FROM OVERSEAS, PHOTO ..1945 .. GAEBEL GORDON, BANCROFT, INVALIDED HOME WW2 ..1945 .. TRIBUTE GAHAGAN MARTIN, PETERBOROUGH, IN HOSPITAL, WW2 WOUND ..1945 .. GALBRAITH MRS. ELIZABETH, NEE BEATTY, DIED MILTON ..1924 .. OBITUARY GALBRAITH MRS. ISABELL, DIED AT TWEED ..1941 .. OBITUARY GALBRAITH WILLIAM, DIED MARKDALE ..1906 .. OBITUARY GALBRAITH WILLIAM, OF DETROIT, VISITING CAVAN HOWDENS ..1922 .. GALE J. WALTER, DIED AT TORONTO ..1922 .. OBITUARY GALLAGHER JOSEPH, OF SYRACUSE, WINDSOR POLICE CHASE ..1910 .. GALLAGHER MRS. HANNAH, NEE JACKSON, DIED INISTIOGE ..1934 .. OBITUARY GALLANT WILFRED, DIED PORT ARTHUR ..1929 .. OBITUARY GALLOWAY ALFRED J. DIED MANVERS TWP. ..1945 .. OBITUARY GALLOWAY MRS. HOWARD, NEE MCARTNEY, AT SASK. EX MANVERS ..1931 .. OBITUARY GALVIN GARRETT, PETERBOROUGH AREA PIONEER ..1927 .. OBITUARY GARBUTT NORMAN, TO LILLIAN JENNINGS, AT BRAMPTON ..1922 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE GARDINER BRUCE, DIED PETERBOROUGH ..1931 .. OBITUARY GARDINER CYRUS J. DIED WALKERVILLE ..1926 .. OBITUARY GARDINER MRS. ALEXANDER, BORN MCKILLOP TOWNSHIP ..1927 .. DEATH NOTICE GARNER HARRY J. DIED ST.CATHARINES ..1934 .. OBITUARY GARNER MRS. ELIZABETH, NEE BRADY, DIED NIAGARA FALLS ..1934 .. OBITUARY GARRETT CYRIL, PETERBOROUGH, INJURED WW2, ON LEAVE ..1945 .. GARROW ALEXANDER L. DIED OSHAWA ..1929 .. OBITUARY GARTON CLARENCE, TO GRACE PURDY, OF PETERBOROUGH ..1941 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE GARVEY JOHN, DIED LONDON, EX NORWICH TWP. ..1927 .. OBITUARY GARVEY MARLENE, PETERBOROUGH, INJURED ACCIDENT ..1945 .. GARVEY MRS. LEO, AT PETERBOROUGH ..1945 .. FUNERAL GARVEY MRS. LEO, NEE CAVANAUGH, DIED PETERBOROUGH ..1945 .. OBITUARY GARVEY TOM, PETERBOROUGH, FINDS OLD PISTOL ..1945 .. GASSIEN HARRY, PETERBOROUGH, CONVICTED DISORDERLY HOUSE ..1928 .. GAUDETTE ALFRED J. DIED TORONTO ..1934 .. OBITUARY GAWLEY GARDINER, OF MARMORA, WOUNDED WW2, BACK HOME ..1945 .. TRIBUTE GAY WILLIAM, GOLDEN WEDDING AT ST.THOMAS ..1922 .. ANNIVERSARY GAZLEY LESLIE, MARMORA TWP. SAFE ARRIVAL IN ENGLAND, WW2 ..1941 .. GEARY MRS. ERASTUS, NEE LANCASTER, DIED PETERBOROUGH ..1931 .. OBITUARY GEARY MRS. JAMES, NEE WILCOX, DIED EAST ADELAIDE TWP. ..1934 .. OBITUARY GEDDES W.A. TO BEATRICE TERRY, AT TORONTO, PHOTO ..1929 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE GEHMAN ABRAM, BORN DUMFRIES STATION ..1934 .. OBITUARY GEMMEL JOHN, DIED AT AYR, BORN GALT ..1930 .. OBITUARY GEMMILL J.R. AT CHATHAM ..1922 .. FUNERAL GENGE ROY, TO CONSTANCE LEWIS, PETERBOROUGH ..1945 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE GENNINGS JOHN, TO FRANCES OATES, WELLAND ..1923 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE GEORGE LESLIE H. OF TORONTO, CAR ACCIDENT ..1937 .. DEATH NOTICE GERAGHTY ARTHUR, OF PETERBOROUGH, TO MAUREEN REGAN ..1945 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE GERMAN MRS. THOMAS, NEE MEATH, EX TRENTON ..1930 .. OBITUARY GERMAN NEIL, EX PERCY TWP. ALBERTA LAW SCHOOL ..1941 .. TRIBUTE GERRY BEN, OF FORT WILLIAM, 89TH BIRTHDAY ..1923 .. GERRY BERT, OF FORT WILLIAM, BACK VISITING BRUSSELS ..1910 .. GERTLEY MRS. ELIZABETH, NEE LIPSETT, DIED EMILY TWP. ..1900 .. OBITUARY GIBBARD GEORGE W. DIED NAPANEE ..1929 .. OBITUARY GIBBONS PETER, OF ESQUESING, CONFEDERATE WAR VETERAN ..1905 .. TRIBUTE GIBBS MRS. ARCHIBALD, DIED AT BRANTFORD ..1929 .. OBITUARY GIBBS PHILLIP, OF DELHI, 80 YRS. BRUTALLY ROBBED ..1931 .. GIBBS WILLIAM R. PETERBOROUGH RCAF, MISSING ..1945 .. GIBSON GEORGE, DIED GRANTHAM TWP. FARM ..1926 .. DEATH NOTICE GIBSON HAROLD, TO GRACE WALKINSHAW, AT PICTON ..1930 .. MARRIAGE NOTICE GIBSON JAMES, AT CAMPBELLFORD ..1927 .. DEATH NOTICE GIBSON JAMES,
wrong_mix_domain_birth_00112	FactBench	2	71	https://michaeljordanmj23.weebly.com/	en	Michael Jordan	http://michaeljordanmj23.weebly.com/uploads/2/5/2/1/25216284/2676236.jpg	http://michaeljordanmj23.weebly.com/uploads/2/5/2/1/25216284/2676236.jpg	[ "https://michaeljordanmj23.weebly.com/uploads/2/5/2/1/25216284/2676236.jpg", "https://michaeljordanmj23.weebly.com/uploads/2/5/2/1/25216284/434571.jpg", "https://michaeljordanmj23.weebly.com/uploads/2/5/2/1/25216284/8856725.jpg", "https://michaeljordanmj23.weebly.com/uploads/2/5/2/1/25216284/272103.jpg", "https://michaeljordanmj23.weebly.com/uploads/2/5/2/1/25216284/8129196.jpg?1387334515", "https://michaeljordanmj23.weebly.com/uploads/2/5/2/1/25216284/8634020.jpg", "https://michaeljordanmj23.weebly.com/uploads/2/5/2/1/25216284/6539454.jpg", "https://michaeljordanmj23.weebly.com/uploads/2/5/2/1/25216284/9382327.jpg", "https://michaeljordanmj23.weebly.com/uploads/2/5/2/1/25216284/7883938.jpg", "https://michaeljordanmj23.weebly.com/uploads/2/5/2/1/25216284/1387503742.png", "https://michaeljordanmj23.weebly.com/uploads/2/5/2/1/25216284/1436820.jpg", "https://michaeljordanmj23.weebly.com/uploads/2/5/2/1/25216284/2394650.jpg", "https://cdn2.editmysite.com/images/site/footer/footer-toast-published-image-1.png" ]	[ "//www.youtube.com/embed/hTX5rD0lNeY?wmode=opaque" ]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null	Michael Jeffery Jordan was born on February 17, 1963 in Brooklyn, New York to parents James and Deloris Jordan. However he grew up in Wilmington, North Carolina, where he was raised before he even...			Michael Jordan	http://michaeljordanmj23.weebly.com/
wrong_mix_domain_birth_00112	FactBench	2	26	https://www.sportingnews.com/us/mlb/news/michael-jordan-rickwood-field-minor-league-birmingham-barons/a65956893d6c18688a51fa14	en	Did Michael Jordan play at Rickwood Field? Revisiting NBA legend's minor-league career with Birmingham Barons	https://library.sporting…c7&itok=su4QSCZ0	https://library.sporting…c7&itok=su4QSCZ0	[ "https://library.sportingnews.com/styles/author_image/s3/2022-01/edward-sutelan.JPG", "https://library.sportingnews.com/styles/crop_style_16_9_desktop/s3/2024-06/GettyImages-94704008.jpg?h=a65e6ec7&itok=su4QSCZ0", "https://library.sportingnews.com/styles/author_image/s3/2022-01/edward-sutelan.JPG" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Edward Sutelan" ]	2024-06-20T12:40:02+00:00	Michael Jordan famously played baseball in Birmingham, but did he ever play in Rickwood Field?	en	https://static-nw-production.sportingnews.com/9d397f0566b0888a18a7b040010a3888cf0cbf83-static/assets/images/favicon.ico		https://www.sportingnews.com/us/mlb/news/michael-jordan-rickwood-field-minor-league-birmingham-barons/a65956893d6c18688a51fa14	There have been some all-time famous players that have, at some point, played baseball in Birmingham. The great Willie Mays began his professional baseball career with the Birmingham Black Barons. One of the greatest pitchers of all time, Satchel Paige, wore a Black Barons uniform as well. Rollie Fingers, Reggie Jackson, Frank Thomas, and several other future Hall of Famers came through the city as minor leaguers. One such baseball player — arguably more famous than all of them combined — went on to play exactly zero games in the major leagues: Michael Jordan. Considered by many the greatest basketball player of all time and perhaps the greatest athlete of all time, Jordan briefly left basketball to play baseball in 1994, signing with the Chicago White Sox and joining the organization's minor leagues. Where was he assigned? That would be Birmingham, where he joined the franchise's Double-A affiliate. As Major League Baseball prepares to head to Birmingham to play in Rickwood Field, the longtime home of the Negro League Birmingham Black Barons and at several points the home of the Barons, Sporting News is taking a look back at Jordan's baseball career in Birmingham. MORE: Revisiting Willie Mays' career, from Birmingham Black Barons to the Giants Did Michael Jordan play at Rickwood Field? Jordan missed playing at Rickwood Field by a few years. The Barons played at Rickwood Field from 1910-87, with the only breaks coming during periods in which the team did not exist. The field was the home of the Black Barons from the first edition of the team in 1920 to the final disbanding of the organization in 1960, just over two years before Jordan was born. Instead, Jordan's lone season in the minors came in 1994, when the Double-A Barons played baseball at Hoover Metropolitan Stadium. The team moved to Regions Field in 2013. MORE: Was Michael Jordan good at baseball? Michael Jordan baseball career, revisited Jordan announced he would be retiring from basketball on Oct. 6, 1993. He later said the murder of his father during a carjacking was a contributing factor to the decision. His father, James Jordan, was a baseball fan, and Michael played the sport when he was young. He wound up deciding he would give baseball a chance. Jerry Reinsdorf, the owner of the Bulls, also owned the White Sox, which made the franchise a natural fit for Jordan. He had already taken batting practice at Comiskey Park and had previously mentioned interest in trying baseball. The White Sox signed Jordan to a minor-league deal on Feb. 7, 1994, just before he turned 31. Jordan did not get off to a hot start in spring training, but late in the spring, he went 2-for-5 with a double in the Windy City Classic exhibition game at Wrigley Field. "I don’t think I've proven I can make the team," Jordan told writers that spring, as reported in TSN's Chicago White Sox team notes. "That’s just being honest. … But I'm not going to give up. I'm trying to squeeze five years into eight weeks. It just hasn't happened the way I wanted it to." MORE: Photos from Michael Jordan's baseball career Jordan did not make the big-league roster and was assigned to Double-A Birmingham. He debuted with Birmingham on April 8, 1994. The NBA legend had a respectable campaign for the Barons, particularly for someone who hadn't played professional baseball before the season. He hit .202 with a .556 OPS and three home runs. He also swiped 30 bases, walked 41 times, and struck out 114 times in 127 games (497 plate appearances). Jordan later went on to play in the Arizona Fall League after the season, hitting .252. Jordan's manager, Terry Francona, who later went on to manage the Red Sox to a pair of World Series wins and Cleveland to a pennant, said he felt Jordan could have reached the majors had he had more playing time. "I do think with another 1,000 at-bats, he would've made it," Francona said, per ESPN. "But there's something else that people miss about that season. Baseball wasn't the only thing he picked up. I truly believe that he rediscovered himself, his joy for competition. We made him want to play basketball again." Jordan did not wind up playing again in baseball. He returned to basketball after the season in Birmingham, ending his lone year in professional baseball.
wrong_mix_domain_birth_00112	FactBench	1	73	https://ca.movies.yahoo.com/2015-02-10-michael-jordan-once-botched-birthday-gift-for-president-obama-21141154.html	en	Michael Jordan once botched birthday gift for President Obama	https://o.aolcdn.com/ima…18/134143348.jpg	https://o.aolcdn.com/ima…18/134143348.jpg	[ "https://s.yimg.com/rz/p/yahoo_movies_en-US_h_p_moviesv2.png", "https://s.yimg.com/rz/p/yahoo_movies_en-US_h_w_moviesv2.png", "https://s.yimg.com/ny/api/res/1.2/n4s8kWv3JdMTlJsr7t23_A--/YXBwaWQ9aGlnaGxhbmRlcjt3PTkwO2g9NjA-/https://s.yimg.com/cv/apiv2/hlogos/aol_Light.png", "https://s.yimg.com/ny/api/res/1.2/3r6NpQqVhOXZfFmSBhyaaQ--/YXBwaWQ9aGlnaGxhbmRlcjt3PTEyNDI-/https://o.aolcdn.com/images/dar/5845cadfecd996e0372f/d760ab6c831a023472506e8d41b54a01e21d1526/aHR0cHM6Ly9zcHRodW1ibmFpbHMuNW1pbi5jb20vMTAzNzI2NTIvNTE4NjMyNTgwX2NfNTcwXzQxMS5qcGc=", "https://s.yimg.com/g/images/spaceball.gif", "https://s.yimg.com/cv/apiv2/default/20190501/placeholder.gif", "https://s.yimg.com/cv/apiv2/default/20190501/placeholder.gif", "https://s.yimg.com/cv/apiv2/default/20190501/placeholder.gif", "https://s.yimg.com/cv/apiv2/default/20190501/placeholder.gif", "https://s.yimg.com/cv/apiv2/default/20190501/placeholder.gif", "https://s.yimg.com/cv/apiv2/default/20190501/placeholder.gif", "https://s.yimg.com/cv/apiv2/default/20190501/placeholder.gif", "https://s.yimg.com/cv/apiv2/default/20190501/placeholder.gif", "https://s.yimg.com/cv/apiv2/default/20190501/placeholder.gif", "https://s.yimg.com/cv/apiv2/default/20190501/placeholder.gif", "https://s.yimg.com/cv/apiv2/default/20190501/placeholder.gif", "https://s.yimg.com/cv/apiv2/default/20190501/placeholder.gif", "https://s.yimg.com/cv/apiv2/default/20190501/placeholder.gif", "https://s.yimg.com/cv/apiv2/default/20190501/placeholder.gif", "https://s.yimg.com/cv/apiv2/default/20190501/placeholder.gif", "https://s.yimg.com/cv/apiv2/default/20190501/placeholder.gif", "https://s.yimg.com/cv/apiv2/default/20190501/placeholder.gif", "https://s.yimg.com/cv/apiv2/default/20190501/placeholder.gif", "https://s.yimg.com/rz/p/yahoo_movies_en-US_h_w_movies_2.png", "https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=7241469&c5=2145796678&c7=https%3A%2F%2Fca.movies.yahoo.com%2F2015-02-10-michael-jordan-once-botched-birthday-gift-for-president-obama-21141154.html&c14=-1" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "Matt Averna" ]	2015-02-10T00:00:00	It's no secret that President Barack Obama is a huge basketball fan. Knowing that, former adviser David Axelrod had a great idea for a birthday gift back when Obama turned 50 in 2011. Axelrod procured a poster of Michael Jordan, and sent it	en	https://s.yimg.com/rz/l/favicon.ico		https://www.aol.com/news/2015-02-10-michael-jordan-once-botched-birthday-gift-for-president-obama-21141154.html	It's no secret that President Barack Obama is a huge basketball fan. Knowing that, former adviser David Axelrod had a great idea for a birthday gift back when Obama turned 50 in 2011. Axelrod procured a poster of Michael Jordan, and sent it over to "His Airness" in hopes of getting it signed for the president. Jordan obliged, except there was one major problem with the gift: The former NBAer spelled Obama's first name wrong. "I sent it to Jordan to have him sign it for me," Axelrod said, via Marin Cogan of New York Magazine. "In black Sharpie, Jordan scrawled, 'To Barrack: you still owe me dinner. Wishing you well, Michael Jordan.'" Axelrod still attempted to deliver the gift to Obama, even though Jordan misspelled his name. "I gave it to the president, and he said, 'I can't put this up, he misspelled my name!' So I said, 'Fine, I'll take it.'" And that's the story of how the greatest player in NBA history spelled Obama's name wrong. More on AOL
wrong_mix_domain_birth_00112	FactBench	3	93	https://www.bgca.org/about-us/alumni-hall-of-fame/michael-jordan/	en	Michael Jordan	https://150506300.v2.pre…age_325x425.jpeg	https://150506300.v2.pre…age_325x425.jpeg	[ "https://www.bgca.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/bgca_logo.svg", "https://www.bgca.org/wp-content/themes/bgca/images/icons/map.svg", "https://www.bgca.org/wp-content/themes/bgca/images/icons/search.svg", "https://150506300.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/BGCA-NavDrop-Img-AboutUs.jpg", "https://www.bgca.org/wp-content/themes/bgca/images/icons/Icon_Close.svg", "https://150506300.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/BGCA-NavDrop-Img-GetInvolved.jpg", "https://www.bgca.org/wp-content/themes/bgca/images/icons/Icon_Close.svg", "https://150506300.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/BGCA-NavDrop-Img-Programs.jpg", "https://www.bgca.org/wp-content/themes/bgca/images/icons/Icon_Close.svg", "https://150506300.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/BGCA-NavDrop-Img-KidsInNeed.jpg", "https://www.bgca.org/wp-content/themes/bgca/images/icons/Icon_Close.svg", "https://150506300.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/MichaelJordan_Image_325x425.jpeg", "https://www.bgca.org/wp-content/themes/bgca/images/icons/social/facebook.svg", "https://www.bgca.org/wp-content/themes/bgca/images/icons/social/instagram.svg", "https://www.bgca.org/wp-content/themes/bgca/images/icons/social/linkedin.svg", "https://www.bgca.org/wp-content/themes/bgca/images/icons/social/x.svg", "https://www.bgca.org/wp-content/themes/bgca/images/icons/social/youtube.svg", "https://150506300.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Logo_BBBCharity.png", "https://150506300.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Logo_CharityNav.png", "https://150506300.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/GuideStar_logo_90x48.jpg", "https://150506300.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/MLB_SponsorsLogo_75x40_largerFrame.png", "https://150506300.v2.pressablecdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Logo_Microsoft.png", "https://www.bgca.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/bgca_logo_GFSH_80.svg", "https://www.bgca.org/wp-content/themes/bgca/images/icons/Icon_CloseVideo.svg", "https://www.bgca.org/wp-content/themes/bgca/images/icons/social/StickyShare_Facebook.svg", "https://www.bgca.org/wp-content/themes/bgca/images/icons/social/StickyShare_TwitterX_k.svg", "https://www.bgca.org/wp-content/themes/bgca/images/icons/social/StickyShare_Mail_GFGold.svg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	2024-01-25T20:10:04+00:00		en	https://150506300.v2.pre…e-touch-icon.png	Boys & Girls Clubs of America	https://www.bgca.org/about-us/alumni-hall-of-fame/michael-jordan/	Chicago, Illinois Professional Basketball Player Michael Jordan is the most admired player in NBA history. The former Chicago Bulls guard has won every major award in basketball, including the league MVP, Defensive Player of the Year, All-NBA First Team, All-Defense First Team and All-Star Game MVP. He enjoyed a record-shattering season in 1986-87 when he became the top scoring guard ever in NBA history. Jordan also gives of his prodigious talents off the court: with the Chicago Bulls organization, he founded the James R. Jordan Boys & Girls Club and Family Life Center in 1994 to honor the memory of his father and serve the residents of Chicago’s West Side community.
wrong_mix_domain_birth_00112	FactBench	0	91	https://bcrugby.com/bc-athletes-named-in-latest-rugby-canada-squads/	en	BC Athletes Named in Latest Rugby Canada Squads – BC Rugby	https://bcrugby.com/wp-c…04/main-logo.png	https://bcrugby.com/wp-c…04/main-logo.png	[ "https://bcrugby.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/main-logo.png", "https://bcrugby.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/footer-logo-1.png", "https://bcrugby.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/footer-logo-2.png", "https://bcrugby.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/footer-lg-3.png", "https://bcrugby.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/footer-logo-4.png", "https://bcrugby.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/footer-logo-5.png", "https://bcrugby.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/logo-top.png", "https://bcrugby.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/logo-bottom.png", "https://bcrugby.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/22-23-BC-Rugby-Annual-Report-Title_Page_01-80x80.png", "https://bcrugby.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/2023-PRCs-Logo-thumbnail-80x80.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	null		en	https://bcrugby.com/wp-c…04/main-logo.png		https://bcrugby.com/bc-athletes-named-in-latest-rugby-canada-squads/	Rugby Canada has named its respective Women’s and Men’s Squads for the upcoming Pacific 4 Series in Ottawa and Tour to Tonga. A host of BC athletes will represent Canada this summer – congratulations to all athletes and their respective BC Rugby Member Clubs on this achievement! Read both squad announcements from Rugby Canada below: Canada’s Women’s Rugby Team Head Coach Kevin Rouet has announced the 30 players who will make up Canada’s squad for the 2023 World Rugby Pacific Four Series matches in Ottawa. Final selections were made following a pre-tournament camp of 40 players at Oakfield Rugby Park in Perth that included a Canada Day scrimmage with the USA. The team has now relocated to Ottawa for their final week of preparation ahead of playing the New Zealand Black Ferns on Saturday July 8. Led by captain Sophie de Goede and vice-captain Justine Pelletier, the team includes four standout U Sports players who have been named to their first senior national team squad: Ashlynn Smith (University of Calgary), Claire Gallagher (University of Ottawa), Mya Brubacher (Queen’s University), and Sara Cline (University of Lethbridge). Canada West 2022 Player of the Year Shoshanah Seumanutafa (University of British Columbia) returns, and could play in her second cap, having made her debut in 2019. Canada plays New Zealand on July 8 and Australia on July 14 at TD Place. Tickets start at just $20 and can be purchased at rugby.ca/en/tickets. Questions regarding ticket purchases can be directed to tickets@rugby.ca. FORWARDS Alexandria Ellis (Ottawa, ON) – Barrhaven Scottish / Saracens Ashlynn Smith (Abbotsford, BC) – University of Calgary Courtney Holtkamp (Rimbey, AB) – Red Deer Titans Rugby Daleaka Menin (Vulcan, AB) – Exeter Chiefs Emily Tuttosi (Souris, MB) – Calgary Hornets / Exeter Chiefs Emma Taylor (Scotsburn, NS) – Halifax RFC Fabiola Forteza (Quebec City, QC) – Club de rugby de Québec / Stade Bordelais Gabrielle Senft (Regina, SK) – Castaway Wanderers / Exeter Chiefs Gillian Boag (Calgary, AB) – Capilano RFC Laetitia Royer (Loretteville, QC) – St-Anne-de-Bellevue / ASM Romagnat McKinley Hunt (King City, ON) – Aurora Barbarians Mya Brubacher (West Montrose, ON) – Kingston Panthers / Queen’s University Olivia DeMerchant (Mapledale, NB) – Halifax Tars RFC Sara Cline (Edmonton, AB) – Leprechaun Tigers Sara Svoboda (Belleville, ON) – Brantford Harlequins / Belleville Bulldogs / Loughborough Lightning Sophie de Goede (Victoria, BC) – Castaway Wanderers RFC Tyson Beukeboom (Uxbridge, ON) – Cowichan RFC BACKS Alysha Corrigan (Charlottetown, PEI) – CRFC Claire Gallagher (Caledon, ON) – Aurora Barbarians / University of Ottawa Fancy Bermudez (Edmonton, AB) – Nor’Wester Athletic Association / Westshore RFC Florence Symonds (Hong Kong) – University of British Columbia Julia Schell (Uxbridge, ON) – Guelph Redcoats / Castaway Wanderers Justine Pelletier (Rivière-du-Loup, QC) – Club de rugby de Québec / Stade Bordelais Madison Grant (Cornwall, ON) – Cornwall Claymores Olivia Apps (Lindsay, ON) – Lindsay RFC Paige Farries (Red Deer, AB) – Westshore RFC / Worcester Warriors Sabrina Poulin (St-Georges, QC) – TMRRFC / Eibar Rugby Taldea Sara Kaljuvee (Ajax, ON) – Toronto Scottish / Westshore RFC Sarah-Maude Lachance (Victoriaville, QC) – Club de rugby de Québec / Lons Section Paloise Shoshanah Seumanutafa (White Rock, BC) – University of British Columbia STAFF Kevin Rouet, Head Coach Blake Wilson, Assistant Coach Duncan McNaughton, Assistant Coach Jack Hanratty, Assistant Coach Jocelyn Barrieau, Assistant Coach Maria Gallo, Assistant Coach Martial Lagain, Assistant Coach Jeremy Steinbach, Strength & Conditioning Coach Stacey Maskelyne, Analyst Alli Rodway, Athletic Therapist Amelie Michaud, Physiotherapist Kristy Martin Hale, Team Manager Emily McComb, Assistant Manager Head Coach Kingsley Jones has named the 32-player squad for Canada’s Men’s Rugby Team’s upcoming tour in Tonga. Led by co-captains Lucas Rumball and Ben LeSage, the squad includes five players who will embark on their first career Canadian senior national team tour. These players include Tyler Wong and Ciaran Breen, who both progressed through Rugby Canada’s age grade and Pacific Pride programs before being signed to the Toronto Arrows for the 2023 season. Zephyr Melnyk, who had a standout performance at the Coast to Coast Cup in June with the BC Bears, is another Pacific Pride player who could earn his first cap for Canada. Debuting for Canada’s U20 Men’s Team in 2020 and now travelling with the senior team is Jack Shaw, who also made his MLR debut this season with Rugby ATL. Siôn Parry, who qualifies to play for Canada through his Ontario-born mother, comes to Canada’s Men’s Rugby Team from Wales, where he has impressed defensively with Pontypridd RFC in the Indigo Group Welsh Premiership. FORWARDS Andrew Quattrin (Holland Landing, ON) – Aurora Barbarians / New England Free Jacks Callum Botchar (Vancouver, BC) – Pacific Pride / New Plymouth Old Boys Conor Keys (Stittsville, ON) – Barrhaven Scottish / Ottawa Ospreys / New England Free Jacks Conor Young (Yamba, Australia) – Greater Sydney Rams / New England Free Jacks Djustice Sears-Duru (Oakville, ON) – Oakville Crusaders / San Diego Legion Foster Dewitt (Courtney, BC) – Westshore RFC / New England Free Jacks Izzak Kelly (White Rock, BC) – Bayside RFC / University of British Columbia / Spotswood United RFC Kyle Steeves (Winnipeg, MB) – Manitoba Wombats / Dallas Jackals Liam Murray (Langley, BC) – Dallas Jackals Lucas Rumball (Scarborough, ON) – Balmy Beach RFC / Toronto Arrows Mason Flesch (Cobourg, ON) – Pacific Pride / Toronto Arrows Matthew Klimchuk (Regina, SK) – Regina Rogues / Pacific Pride Piers Von Dadelszen (Vancouver, BC) – Oxford University Siaki Vikilani (Vancouver, BC) – Burnaby Lake RFC / The American Raptors Siôn Parry (Cardiff, Wales) – Rhiwbina RFC / Pontypridd RFC Travis Larsen (Parksville, BC) – James Bay AA / Meralomas / Toronto Arrows Tyler Wong (North Vancouver, BC) – Pacific Pride / Toronto Arrows Zephyr Melnyk (Gabriola Island, BC) – Nanaimo Hornets / Pacific Pride BACKS Ben LeSage (Calgary, AB) – Calgary Canucks / New England Free Jacks Ciaran Breen (Victoria, BC) – Cowichan RFC / Toronto Arrows D’Shawn Bowen (Toronto, ON) – Pacific Pride / Toronto Arrows Gabe Casey (Ottawa, ON) – University of Victoria Gradyn Bowd (Red Deer, AB) – Castaway Wanderers / Old Glory DC Isaac Olson (Vernon, BC) – New England Free Jacks Jack Shaw (Oakville, ON) – Oakville Crusaders / Rugby Atlanta Jason Higgins (Cork, Ireland) – San Diego Legion Kainoa Lloyd (Mississauga, ON) – Queen’s University / Houston SaberCats Mitch Richardson (Stoney Creek, ON) – McMaster University / Toronto Arrows Peter Nelson (Dungannon, UK) – Dungannon RFC / Toronto Arrows Robbie Povey (Northampton, UK) – Long Bukby RFC / Houston SaberCats Ross Braude (Pretoria, South Africa) – Toronto Arrows Spencer Jones (Cambridge, New Zealand) – New England Free Jacks NON-TRAVELLING RESERVES Andrew Davidson Dewald Kotzi Jacob Bossi Liam Bowman Lindsey Stevens Noah Bain Owain Ruttan Talon McMullin STAFF Kingsley Jones, Head Coach Robert Howley, Senior Assistant Coach John McFarland, Defence Coach David Butcher, Scrum and Forward Coach Michael Deasy, Strength and Conditioning Coach Dr. Billy Longland, Team Doctor Kristy Mueller, Lead Therapist Alistair Wilson, Therapist Michael Jordan, Team Manager
wrong_mix_domain_birth_00112	FactBench	2	88	https://www.trim-tex.com/blog/house-that-jordan-built	en	‘The House That Jordan Built’ Was Built With Trim-Tex	https://optimise2.assets…d407f01701e2bd32	https://optimise2.assets…d407f01701e2bd32	[ "https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/trimtex-web/production/media/Blog/UnitedCenter_BlogThumbnail.jpg?w=640&h=360&q=95&auto=format&fit=crop&crop=focalpoint&fp-x=0.5&fp-y=0.5&dm=1659826249&s=fa67c6d0c43ed1ef5281200c5adab0a9 640w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/trimtex-web/production/media/Blog/UnitedCenter_BlogThumbnail.jpg?w=440&h=248&q=95&auto=format&fit=crop&crop=focalpoint&fp-x=0.5&fp-y=0.5&dm=1659826249&s=f880c84c5eb9f9a99f4957bf67b82f3c 440w, https://optimise2.assets-servd.host/trimtex-web/production/media/Blog/UnitedCenter_BlogThumbnail.jpg?w=320&h=180&q=95&auto=format&fit=crop&crop=focalpoint&fp-x=0.5&fp-y=0.5&dm=1659826249&s=3e8b9db9e4ed2f667f763b646ff833bd 320w", "https://d2mqprs2ylgk9j.cloudfront.net/media/imported/Blog/20051203-illini-xavier-united-center-01.jpg", "https://d2mqprs2ylgk9j.cloudfront.net/media/imported/Blog/d8b07fd2a44900baf8ac032d120d41ac_f883.jpeg", "https://d2mqprs2ylgk9j.cloudfront.net/media/imported/Blog/United20Center20Reveal20Beads.jpg", "https://d2mqprs2ylgk9j.cloudfront.net/media/imported/Blog/United_Center_Interior.jpg", "https://www.trim-tex.com/dist/svg/logo-trimtex-white.svg" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	2020-05-14T19:33:49-04:00	As the hit ESPN documentary series, The Last Dance , comes to a close this week, the legendary Chicago Bulls team of the ’90s are back to being on everyone’s lips across the world. The incredible 10-part series has got the folks here at Trim-Tex doing some reminiscing, too. Not just about where we…	en	/dist/assets/favicons/favicon.ico	Trim-Tex	https://www.trim-tex.com/blog/house-that-jordan-built	As the hit ESPN documentary series, The Last Dance, comes to a close this week, the legendary Chicago Bulls team of the ’90s are back to being on everyone’s lips across the world. The incredible 10-part series has got the folks here at Trim-Tex doing some reminiscing, too. Not just about where we were when we heard that Michael Jordan was retiring, or where we were when we heard that Michael Jordan was un-retiring, but about the United Center: the famous basketball arena also known as “The House that Jordan Built.” Did you know that, just beneath the surface, the UC contains over 150,000 feet of Trim-Tex vinyl drywall corner bead? Located just about 10 miles from Trim-Tex’s Lincolnwood, IL, headquarters, the United Center opened its doors for the first time in August of 1994. According to Gene Knupke’s book, Profiles of American / Canadian Sports Stadiums and Arenas, it took 645,000 square feet of drywall to finish the UC, enough to cover 13 floors of the Willis Tower! And more than 25 years later, the Bulls and Blackhawks still call that massive facility home, and the same products we installed in all that drywall during its construction are the same ones in there today, as strong and sleek as ever. And it all started with a Reveal Bead (pictured below). “When they got to the drywall phase of the project, the architect had specified aluminum reveals for all of the curved concourses and many of the feature walls of the United Center,” said Joe Koening, Trim-Tex’s owner and the rep on-site for this project. “But the drywall subcontractor, Advance Taping, owned by Mike Gonzalez, they used a lot of Trim-Tex, they knew about Trim-Tex, and they did not want to use aluminum reveals on an egg-shaped building, because every piece would have had to be numbered, because they were all different radiuses.” The key to why a Trim-Tex product was useful for this particular, uniquely shaped building was in the versatility of our corner beads’ PVC material. Where a metal corner bead is only ever going to go straight up and down, unless you custom-build everything, Trim-Tex can manufacture products that contractors can shape to each job. “When you look at an egg, an egg is not the same radius all the way around — you know, as you get toward the middle, it’s a much more gradual radius, and as you get toward the end, it’s a very sharp radius,” says Koenig. “And the United Center is basically a somewhat egg-shaped design. “They brought me in to ask my opinion, and when I looked at it, I went, ‘Well, hey, why don’t you use Trim-Tex reveals, because our reveals flex and bend? And you just pull them right out of the box; you don’t have to have some custom, numbered puzzle.’ And I said, ‘Also, while we’re at it, we can make them 14 feet long for you, so you have fewer joints.’ And they were very pleased with that. So I brought them a box of Reveal Bead to try, they loved it, and they never looked back.” By the time the drywalling was finished, The Madhouse on Madison contained a ton of different Trim-Tex products — including Tear Away Bead, Magic Corner, J Bead and more — but it was the Reveal Bead that cracked open that egg.
wrong_mix_domain_birth_00112	FactBench	1	49	https://olympic.ca/team-canada/steve-nash/	en	Official Olympic Team Website	https://olympic.ca/wp-co….jpg?quality=100	https://olympic.ca/wp-co….jpg?quality=100	[ "https://olympic.ca/wp-content/themes/canadianolympiccommittee/assets/img/team-canada.svg", "https://olympic.ca/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/mens-basketball.jpg?quality=100&w=763", "https://olympic.ca/wp-content/themes/canadianolympiccommittee/img/team-canada-icons/team-canada-profile-share-red.svg", "https://olympic.ca/wp-content/themes/canadianolympiccommittee/img/team-canada-icons/team-canada-navigation-checkmark-red.svg", "https://olympic.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/1054705.jpg?quality=100&w=350", "https://olympic.ca/wp-content/themes/canadianolympiccommittee/img/team-canada-icons/team-canada-social-encircled-facebook-black-40px.svg", "https://olympic.ca/wp-content/themes/canadianolympiccommittee/img/team-canada-icons/twitter-x-logo-black-round.svg", "https://olympic.ca/wp-content/themes/canadianolympiccommittee/img/team-canada-icons/team-canada-social-encircled-instagram-black-40px.svg", "https://olympic.ca/wp-content/themes/canadianolympiccommittee/img/team-canada-icons/team-canada-social-encircled-website-black-40px.svg", "https://olympic.ca/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/TS_20231104_8073-e1699301364515.jpg?quality=100&w=342", "https://olympic.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Feature-images-5.png?w=342", "https://olympic.ca/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Summer-McIntosh--e1680535069443.jpg?quality=100&w=342", "https://olympic.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Shai-Gilgeous-Alexander-e1720622960552.jpg?quality=100&w=350", "https://olympic.ca/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/nash_rick.jpg?quality=100&w=350", "https://olympic.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Jamal-Murray-e1720473362884.jpg?quality=100&w=350" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[ "cdnolympicteam" ]	2011-09-19T01:45:45+00:00	Team Canada - Over his nearly two-decade professional playing career, Steve Nash left a significant mark on the game of basketball, especially in Canada. In 1999, Nash led Team Canada to the silver medal at the Tournament of the Americas, which qualified them for Sydney 2000. It was the first time Canada would compete in men’s Olympic basketball since Seoul 1988.	en	https://olympic.ca/wp-content/themes/canadianolympiccommittee/assets/favicons/favicon.ico	Team Canada - Official Olympic Team Website	https://olympic.ca/team-canada/steve-nash/	Biography Over his nearly two-decade professional playing career, Steve Nash left a significant mark on the game of basketball, especially in Canada. In 1996, at the end of his college career at Santa Clara University, he became the first Canadian player selected in the first round of the NBA draft since 1983, going on to wear the uniforms of the Phoenix Suns (1996-98, 2004-12), Dallas Mavericks (1998-2004), and Los Angeles Lakers (2012-15). Nash enjoyed his greatest professional success in his second go-around with the Suns, winning back-to-back NBA MVP awards in 2004-05 and 2005-06. He was just the second point guard (after Magic Johnson) to win multiple MVP awards. He was the first Canadian to ever be named league MVP and his play led to him winning the Lou Marsh Trophy as Canadian athlete of the year in 2005. He was also a three-time recipient of the Lionel Conacher Award as Canadian male athlete of the year in 2002, 2005, and 2006. Nash ended his career as an eight-time NBA All-Star, but was also recognized for his community service, earning the J. Walter Kennedy Citizenship Award from the league in 2007. He holds the NBA record for career free throw percentage (.904). In 1999, Nash led Team Canada to the silver medal at the Tournament of the Americas, which qualified them for Sydney 2000. It was the first time Canada would compete in men’s Olympic basketball since Seoul 1988. At the Olympic Games, he helped Canada to four victories in the round robin, including a 91-77 upset of Spain and an 83-75 victory over Yugoslavia in which he recorded 26 points with eight rebounds and eight assists. Nash left the court in tears after Canada suffered a five-point loss to France in the quarterfinals. In recognition of his impact on sport in Canada, Nash was one of the final torchbearers at Vancouver 2010, helping to light the cauldron at the Opening Ceremony. In May 2012, he was named the General Manager of Canada’s Senior Men’s Basketball Team. He announced his retirement as a player in March 2015, after having missed the entire 2014-15 NBA season due to a recurring back injury. In his first year of eligibility, he was selected to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame and will be officially inducted in early September 2018.
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Brodhead.		https://wisconsin.cdn-an…con.width-16.png		https://themonroetimes.com/community/features/facing-cancer-head-/	BRODHEAD — On Friday, Aug. 2, the Relay for Life of Green County invites the public to honor and remember loved ones and fight back for lifesaving change at the Jaycee Park, 300 4th Street, in Brodhead. Relay For Life of Green County’s event begins at 4:30 p.m. with an opening ceremony at 5 p.m. The theme is “Super Heroes.” Cancer survivors and caregivers will take a celebratory first lap, and the evening will end with a luminaria ceremony to remember those lost to cancer and celebrate all cancer survivors. “The Relay For Life movement unites communities across the globe to celebrate people who have battled cancer, remember loved ones lost, and take action to finish the fight once and for all,” said Evelyn Crooks, a dedicated Relay For Life participant and cancer survivor. “Many participants are our family, friends, and neighbors who have faced cancer themselves. Each new team that registers brings us one step closer to saving more lives.” This year, Monroe resident Dan DeMuth is Relay for Life of Green County’s Honorary Survivor. Monroe becomes home and what an amazing community it is Both Dan and his wife, Lisa, grew up in Dubuque, Iowa. In 2004, after earning a bachelor’s degree in education from the University of Wisconsin-Platteville, Lisa moved to Monroe for a teaching job and now is a first-grade teacher at Northside Elementary School. In June 2005, the couple married, and Dan moved to Monroe. “After moving to Monroe, we tried to get involved in the community and do as much as we could to make things easier for others and have fun while doing it,” Dan said. After moving to Monroe, Dan worked as a center manager for the Check Into Cash branch in Monroe. Having worked in radio while in Dubuque, Dan started working with Scott Thompson, owner of Big Radio, and his son, Ben. Dan spent almost 10 years on air on multiple stations that were part of Big Radio. In 2009, Dan was hired as Wisconsin Community Bank’s personal banker to assist customers with deposits and loans. It was at this time Dan joined the Relay For Life of Green County Committee, and he also served as an alternate on the Zoning and Appeals Committee for the City of Monroe. Dan also is involved with the Monroe Lions Club and participated in the Comedy Club with the Monroe Theatre Guild. The couple’s daughter, Maddie, was born in September of 2008. Maddie is now a member of the Monroe High School’s volleyball and softball teams. “She’s focused on her grades and always works hard whether it be in the classroom, on the volleyball court, or the softball diamond, she gives it everything she has consistently,” Dan proudly added. The couple also has twin boys, Jacob and Michael, who love to go fishing at the nearby pond with their dad. As their family grew, Dan changed jobs and works as a farm loan support specialist for the USDA Farm Service Agency. Hearing the word cancer In October 2023, Dan shared that he had an annual physical, and his doctor mentioned that his PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) level was somewhat high and recommended him to urology. On Nov. 2, a computed tomography (CT) scan was performed, and on Nov. 3, Dan was diagnosed with Stage IV kidney cancer that had metastasized, or spread, to his spine, and several other parts of his body. “The day I got the news I was scared, and I wondered how we were going to tell our children,” Dan said. “All I can say is Lisa is amazing and the best thing that ever happened to me. She said that we will do whatever we need to do — making each day count, that we were a team, and that we are writing our story.” After hearing the news, Dan said the next month and a half he was busy with appointments, meeting with doctors, getting scans, and planning for surgery — which was to remove his left kidney — scheduled for Jan. 9. Community is Team DeMuth Lisa’s co-workers, district staff, students, friends, and neighbors joined Team DeMuth organizing events and food trains, selling cookie plates, distributing T-shirts to show their support and raising funds for the family. Dan’s work has been extremely giving and flexible so that when he needs time off for appointments, treatments, or to recover, he has time available to use. Northside Elementary staff and their spouses came and pitched in anywhere they could. “People helped put up Christmas lights, with yardwork, whatever we needed. They have been here 100% for us,” Dan said. On Feb. 7, the staff and students at Northside Elementary School held an assembly to present the DeMuth family with an orange ribbon made with pictures and cards to show their support. Recently, the members of the J.A.C.T. Comedy Group along with a few other local comedians held a performance at Turner Hall and raised funds for the DeMuth family. Dan added that the Monroe High School softball and volleyball coaches, all of Maddie’s teammates and their families have been incredibly supportive in raising funds and being there for her. “June 9 was the best day ever,” Dan said. “Lisa and I renewed our marriage vows with our children standing with us. It was a very special day. It was best to show them that love and family is hard work, but it’s worth every bit. Even though we were going through the most scary dark time as a family, we had the most amazing special day.” Advice Dan emphatically believes in “living for today.” One of Lisa’s bucket list items was to see the Christmas Tree in Rockefeller Center. “Two weeks after my diagnosis, we traveled to Rockefeller Center. Live for today,” said Dan. “When we moved to Monroe, we were searching for family and a place to call home,” Dan said. “This experience has taught me just how amazing and generous the community of Monroe is. And not just Monroe. Lisa and I wanted to instill these values and beliefs in our children and they have witnessed how love and support comes back to those who give freely.” Something Dan learned and said he shares often: “The biggest lesson has been that in this community, no one fights alone. You hear it all the time, but you don’t know if it’s true or false — our family knows … No one fights alone!” Ways to get involved Join the Relay For Life of Green County: Sign up to join an existing team or start a new team at relayforlife.org/greencountywi or by calling Jo Ann Steuri at 608-728-2980. Those that can’t participate in this year’s event can still help save lives by making a donation. Every dollar helps the American Cancer Society’s fight against cancer. To donate, visit RelayForLife.org/Donate. The Relay For Life of Green County event is supported by many local businesses and organizations including: Ruda Chevrolet-Toyota; Only In Wisconsin Giving, Inc. (New Glarus Brewing); RM Custom Concrete, LLC; and Colony Brands. To learn more about Relay For Life in Green County, visit relayforlife.org/greencountywi or visit its Facebook page, Relay For Life of Green County Wisconsin.
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American basketball player Michael Jordan led the Chicago Bulls to six National Basketball Association (NBA) championships (1991–93, 1996–98). He was named the NBA’s Most Valuable Player (MVP) five times (1988, 1991, 1992, 1996, 1998) and was also named Defensive Player of the Year in 1988. How many times was Michael Jordan in the Olympics? Michael Jordan led the U.S. basketball team to Olympic gold medals in 1984 in Los Angeles and in 1992 in Barcelona, Spain. How tall is Michael Jordan? During his playing career, Michael Jordan stood at 6 feet 6 inches (1.98 meters) tall. Does Michael Jordan own a basketball team? In 2006, Michael Jordan became minority owner and general manager of the American basketball team the Charlotte Bobcats (now known as the Charlotte Hornets). What was Michael Jordan's nickname? During his playing career, Michael Jordan, a guard, was an exceptionally talented shooter and passer and a tenacious defender. He earned the nickname “Air Jordan” because of his extraordinary leaping ability and acrobatic maneuvers, and his popularity reached heights few athletes have known. Michael Jordan (born February 17, 1963, Brooklyn, New York, U.S.) is a former collegiate and professional basketball player widely considered to be one of the greatest all-around players in the history of the game. Jordan’s unmatched athleticism and competitive drive revolutionized the sport while winning six NBA championships with the Chicago Bulls (1991–93, 1996–98). (Read James Naismith’s 1929 Britannica essay on his invention of basketball.) Education and Olympics Britannica Quiz Great Moments in Sports Quiz Jordan grew up in Wilmington, North Carolina, and entered the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1981. As a freshman, he made the winning basket against Georgetown in the 1982 national championship game. Jordan was named College Player of the Year in both his sophomore and junior years, leaving North Carolina after his junior year. He led the U.S. basketball team to Olympic gold medals in 1984 in Los Angeles and in 1992 in Barcelona, Spain. The players who competed in the latter Games became known as the Dream Team. NBA: Chicago Bulls In 1984 Jordan, a guard standing 6 feet 6 inches (1.98 meters), was drafted by the Chicago Bulls. He quickly became known as an exceptionally talented shooter and passer and a tenacious defender. In his first season (1984–85), he led the league in scoring and was named Rookie of the Year; after missing most of the following season with a broken foot, he returned to lead the NBA in scoring for seven consecutive seasons, averaging about 33 points per game. He was only the second player (after Wilt Chamberlain) to score 3,000 points in a single season (1986–87). Jordan was named the NBA’s Most Valuable Player (MVP) five times (1988, 1991, 1992, 1996, 1998) and was also named Defensive Player of the Year in 1988. In October 1993, after leading the Bulls to their third consecutive championship, Jordan retired briefly and pursued a career in professional baseball. He returned to basketball in March 1995. In the 1995–96 season Jordan led the Bulls to a 72–10 regular season record, the best in the history of the NBA (broken in 2015–16 by the Golden State Warriors). From 1996 to 1998 the Jordan-led Bulls again won three championships in a row, and each time Jordan was named MVP of the NBA finals. After the 1997–98 season Jordan retired again. Career stats Points per game: 30.1 Total points: 32,292 Steals per game: 2.3 Total steals: 2,514 Total games: 1,072 During this time Jordan earned the nickname “Air Jordan” because of his extraordinary leaping ability and acrobatic maneuvers, and his popularity reached heights few athletes (or celebrities of any sort) have known. He accumulated millions of dollars from endorsements, most notably for his Nike Air Jordan basketball shoes. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Subscribe Now (Read about Jordan’s role in the rise of sneaker culture.) The Wizards and Charlotte Bobcats (Hornets) Jordan remained close to the sport, buying a share of the Washington Wizards in January 2000. He was also appointed president of basketball operations for the club. However, managing rosters and salary caps was not enough for Jordan, and in September 2001 he renounced his ownership and management positions with the Wizards in order to be a player on the team. His second return to the NBA was greeted with enthusiasm by the league, which had suffered declining attendance and television ratings since his 1998 retirement. After the 2002–03 season, Jordan announced his final retirement. He ended his career with 32,292 total points and a 30.1-points-per-game average, which was the best in league history at that time, as well as 2,514 steals, then the second most ever. In 2006 Jordan became minority owner and general manager of the NBA’s Charlotte Bobcats (now known as the Charlotte Hornets). He bought a controlling interest in the team in 2010 and became the first former NBA player to become a majority owner of one of the league’s franchises. Jordan sold his share in 2023. Other activities Jordan made a successful film, Space Jam (1996), in which he starred with animated characters Bugs Bunny and Daffy Duck. In 1996 the NBA named him one of the 50 greatest players of all time, and in 2009 he was elected to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. He was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2016. The Editors of Encyclopaedia BritannicaThis article was most recently revised and updated by Amy Tikkanen.
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"https://uploads.kidzworld.com/results_quizzes/preview_images/802/original_among-us-preview.jpg", "https://uploads.kidzworld.com/results_quizzes/preview_images/821/original_ratchet-quiz-preview.jpg", "https://uploads.kidzworld.com/categorical_quizzes/preview_images/766/original_netflix-movie-quiz-thor-pre.jpg", "https://uploads.kidzworld.com/results_quizzes/preview_images/808/original_quiz-think-you-know-wonder-woman-pre.jpg", "https://uploads.kidzworld.com/results_quizzes/preview_images/800/original_dc-comics-fandome-preview.jpg", "https://uploads.kidzworld.com/results_quizzes/preview_images/794/original_trolls-world-tour-trivia-quiz-pre.jpg", "https://uploads.kidzworld.com/categorical_quizzes/preview_images/683/original_which-holiday-movie-quiz-pre.jpg", "https://uploads.kidzworld.com/categorical_quizzes/preview_images/809/original_quiz-whats-your-winter-personality-pre.jpg", "https://uploads.kidzworld.com/categorical_quizzes/preview_images/818/original_quiz-how-well-do-your-friends-know-you-pre.jpg", "https://uploads.kidzworld.com/results_quizzes/preview_images/825/original_quiz-test-your-knowledge-roller-coasters-pre.jpg", "https://uploads.kidzworld.com/categorical_quizzes/preview_images/644/original_what-is-your-favorite-school-subject-quiz-pre.jpg", "https://uploads.kidzworld.com/results_quizzes/preview_images/817/original_quiz-name-that-tourist-destination-niagara-pre.jpg", "https://uploads.kidzworld.com/categorical_quizzes/preview_images/712/original_summer-sports-quiz-pre.jpg", "https://uploads.kidzworld.com/results_quizzes/preview_images/368/original_super-bowl-quiz-pre.jpg" ]	[]	[]	[ "michael jordan", "michael", "jordan", "nba", "chicago bulls", "chicago", "basketball", "hoops", "b-ball", "greatest player of all time", "greatest player", "greatest basketball player", "kidsworld", "children", "teens", "kids", "" ]	null	[]	null	It was really hard to guess who the greatest athlete of all time was… until Michael Jordan came along. In no other sport has an athlete dominated the game with such grace and humility.	en	https://assets.kidzworld.com/assets/favicon-40f6ef217743b419f6e265a5ebff491ac8210d2b5c1a4406d9b2a66317360c5f.ico	Kidzworld	https://www.kidzworld.com/article/24941-michael-jordan-bio/	Full Name: Michael Jeffrey Jordan Birthday: February 17, 1963 Birthplace: Brooklyn NY (raised in Wilmington, NC) College: North Carolina Tarheels First NBA draft: Chicago Bulls in 1984 Nickname: Air Jordan Height: 6’6 Weight: 215 lbs It was really hard to guess who the greatest athlete of all time was… until Michael Jordan came along. In no other sport has an athlete dominated the game with such grace and humility. Michael was not just a fast, smart and powerful basketball player, but he separated himself from everyone else by being creative and improvising the way basketball was played. Michael made the impossible… possible. Humble Pie Young Mikey Michael’s favorite sport was actually baseball because his dad James loved it so much. It was his brother Larry that got Mike to jump into basketball. But Michael was a late bloomer around the hoops. He was even cut by his high school team in his sophomore year. Class Pic of Michael Jordan as a child Michael's March Madness The North Carolina Tarheels is the team where Michael must have found his all-star abilities. That's where Michael played college basketball. Even though Michael wasn’t considered the best on the team, he got to take the last shot in the NCAA Championship game (the March Madness tournament) vs Georgetown. The Tarheels were down 1 point at the very end of the game and Michael got the ball... so if Michael hit the shot they would win, but miss they would lose… Nothing but Net! Michael made the biggest jump shot of his life and was headed to the NBA as a confident potential superstar. Buzzer Beater Greatest Moments of Michael Jordan (ESPN 02/17/2009) Chicago Bulls' Bonanza Michael was drafted by the Chicago Bulls not first... not even second, but as the 3rd pick. He could have been a Houston Rocket or a Portland Trailblazer, but those two teams decided to choose different players. Wow... what luck for Chicago!!! The Bulls became a dynasty team for the very first time with Head Coach Phil Jackson, and key players like Scottie Pippen and later Denis Rodman. Michael playing for the Chicago Bulls Becoming the Best It wasn’t easy for Michael to become the best. Even though his numbers were incredible leading the league in scoring, rebounding, assists, and steals, Michael had a difficult time in his first years trying to win a championship. It wasn’t until the 1990s where Michael would 3-peat once and then 3-peat again! NBA Champ Baseball Blues Michael actually took a couple of years off basketball in 1994-95 to play baseball. His dad had been murdered in an armed robbery, so Michael wanted to play the game that his dad cherished so much. Even though he got to play some games for the Chicago White Sox, Michael soon quit and went back to basketball Baseball Burden Air Jordan Icon Everyone knows it… the bald headed figure soaring through the sky with a basketball… Michael’s Air Jordan trademark has become a legacy. It all started when Michael won back-to-back slam dunk contests and the photograph’s became posters in almost every kid’s bedroom Air Jordan Logo With his tongue sticking out in every flight, Michael’s image was epic. He revolutionized the fashion of basketball by wearing his black and red Air Jordan sneakers that were against the NBA dress code. He paid the fines with his pocket change from Nike’s endorsements and even now 10 years after his retirement, he is still one of the top 50 highest paid athlete’s in the world. 1st Air Jordan sneakers Michael the Master Even though Michael had a tough time retiring basketball, he can’t be touched in the way he mastered basketball. He ended his career unsuccessfully with the Washington Wizards in 2002, but even that season showed how much he loved the game… and that is really what it is all about. Last Wiz ”There is no such thing as a perfect basketball player, and I don't believe there is only one greatest player either. Everyone plays in different eras. I built my talents on the shoulders of someone else's talent. I believe greatness is an evolutionary process that changes and evolves era to era. Without Julius Erving, David Thompson, Walter Davis, and Elgin Baylor there would never have been a Michael Jordan. I evolved from them.“ -Michael Jordan Micahel dunking Michael Jordan Info: NBA Rookie of the Year 1985 6 NBA Championship Rings 5 NBA MVPs Defensive Player of the yeat 1988 3-time All Star MVP 2 Olympic Gold Medals Michael Jordan Top 50 All Time Plays Related Stories:
wrong_mix_domain_birth_00112	FactBench	3	70	https://www.studyallknight.com/product/michael-jordan-black-history-athlete-philanthropist-body-biography-project/	en	Michael Jordan, Black History, Athlete, Philanthropist, Body Biography Project	https://www.studyallknig…aphy-Project.jpg	https://www.studyallknig…aphy-Project.jpg	[ "https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=1068002866555304&ev=PageView&noscript=1", "https://ct.pinterest.com/v3/?tid=2614013488555&noscript=1", "https://www.studyallknight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/cropped-StudyAllKnight-Logo-Final1-1536x601-1-1024x401.png", "https://www.studyallknight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/slice3-3.svg", "https://www.studyallknight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/slice3-3.svg", "https://www.studyallknight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/slice2-2.svg", "https://www.studyallknight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/slice2-2.svg", "https://www.studyallknight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/slice4.svg", "https://www.studyallknight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/slice4.svg", "https://www.studyallknight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/cropped-StudyAllKnight-Logo-Final1-1536x601-2-1024x401.png", "https://www.studyallknight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/cropped-StudyAllKnight-Logo-Final1-1536x601-2-1024x401.png", "https://www.studyallknight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/slice1.svg", "https://www.studyallknight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/slice1.svg", "https://www.studyallknight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/slice7.svg", "https://www.studyallknight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/slice7.svg", "https://www.studyallknight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/slice1-2.svg", "https://www.studyallknight.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/slice1-2.svg", "https://www.studyallknight.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Michael-Jordan-Black-History-Athlete-Philanthropist-Body-Biography-Project.jpg", "https://www.studyallknight.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/poetsposters_cover-300x300.jpg", "https://www.studyallknight.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/poetsposters_cover-300x300.jpg", "https://www.studyallknight.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/celebratenationofreaders-300x300.jpg", "https://www.studyallknight.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/celebratenationofreaders-300x300.jpg", "https://www.studyallknight.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/original-3031466-1-300x300.jpg", "https://www.studyallknight.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/original-3031466-1-300x300.jpg", "https://www.studyallknight.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/posters_cover_nelson_mandela-300x300.jpg", "https://www.studyallknight.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/posters_cover_nelson_mandela-300x300.jpg", "https://www.studyallknight.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/MARTINLUTHERKINGJRWRITINGACTIVITYTIMELINESKETCHNOTESTEACHERLESSON_Page_01-300x300.png", "https://www.studyallknight.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/MARTINLUTHERKINGJRWRITINGACTIVITYTIMELINESKETCHNOTESTEACHERLESSON_Page_01-300x300.png", "https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=1068002866555304&ev=PageView&noscript=1" ]	[]	[]	[ "Body biography projects", "collaborative learning", "novel studies", "middle school ELA", "high school English" ]	null	[]	2020-01-16T08:53:56+00:00	Body biography projects, collaborative learning, novel studies, middle school ELA, high school English	en	https://www.studyallknig…e-icon-32x32.png	Study All Knight	https://www.studyallknight.com/product/michael-jordan-black-history-athlete-philanthropist-body-biography-project/	Description This Michael Jordan, Body Biography Project is filled with all you need to teach and promote the Olympian, professional athlete, and philanthropist. This biography study is a collaborative research activity. This is truly unique, has high-quality vector graphics, and is the most inclusive group project for bringing together a growth mindset and a biography study. I adapted the body biography concept to align with informational texts, biography research, nonfiction, and history. ★ Features an original realistic image- all in line art for your students to add color and design. ★ The poster is 32 inches high by 10 inches wide. It requires 4 pages. ★ Rubric ★ Reflection Questions ★ Answer key ★ Student handout and planning sheet explains each part of the body biography project ★ The teacher set up directions, background, tips, and CCSS ★Classroom Décor ★Bulletin Board ★Hallway ★Showcase Display Directions are clear and explicit. Danielle Knight Copyright 2020
wrong_mix_domain_birth_00112	FactBench	1	69	https://cwrp.ca/infosheets/provincial-territorial	en	Canadian Child Welfare Research Portal	https://cwrp.ca/themes/cwrp/favicon.ico	https://cwrp.ca/themes/cwrp/favicon.ico	[ "https://cwrp.ca/themes/cwrp/img/banner/logo.png", "https://cwrp.ca/sites/default/files/CRC_RGB_Device.jpg", "https://cwrp.ca/sites/default/files/UdeMEcoledeTS.png", "https://cwrp.ca/sites/default/files/CRCF.png", "https://cwrp.ca/sites/default/files/UofTfsw.png", "https://cwrp.ca/sites/default/files/ucalgaryfsw.png", "https://cwrp.ca/sites/default/files/PART.png" ]	[]	[]	[ "" ]	null	[]	2024-04-01T04:00:00+00:00		en	/themes/cwrp/favicon.ico		https://cwrp.ca/infosheets/provincial-territorial	This section contains all information sheets produced by the Canadian Child Welfare Research Portal. The default view displays all information sheets. By selecting a province, territory or keyword from the drop-down menus you can narrow the list of results.

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