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95dec524-2257-4d8a-acd2-591c5f908274
| 0 |
[Perinatal assistance in the delivery room--reanimation of the newborn infant]. In most cases birth brings an infant who can rapidly adapt himself to a normal extra-uterine life. However, sometimes and most of all, in "high risk" cases, this infant needs a correct surveillance before and after the delivery in order to prevent morbidity and especially perinatal morbidity.
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95dec524-2257-4d8a-acd2-591c5f908274
| 1 |
Our actual knowledge, derived from the fantastic progress of Perinatalogy, demonstrates that, in order to assure the wanted end of the pregnancy, the only assistance of the delivery at hospital by a qualified obstetrician is not enough. It is necessary to have a continuous surveillance at the beginning of the pregnancy and during the pregnancy and a correct attention at the mother - foetus binomial during the labor and the delivery.
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95dec524-2257-4d8a-acd2-591c5f908274
| 2 |
That will permit the discovery of pre- para and post-natal factors, to undertake the prevention and to lower the number of perinatal mortality.
|
3cde07fb-412c-496d-9983-eea849838f67
| 0 |
[Therapeutic trials in pregnant women]. The increasing use of medications during pregnancy and labour leads to the question of their true effectiveness and the absence of harmful effects, for both mother and foetus. Study of the action of medications given to the pregnant woman requires clinical trials with precise methodology including, as an essential stage, the definition of an experimental protocol.
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3cde07fb-412c-496d-9983-eea849838f67
| 1 |
Random distribution of the subjects to the various groups and statistical analysis of the results based upon objective criteria are essential. No study of the action of a medication as far as mother and foetus should be undertaken without prior parmacological and pharmacokinetic trials.
|
2bbe0cef-8bce-49bd-926f-7a3b743f8ace
| 0 |
[Drug interference and the role of anesthesia in such interference]. This report considers interference between medications for, on the one hand, drugs given during pregnancy, and, on the other hand, drugs given to the pregnant women and anaesthetic agents. Consideration is given to progestational agents, oxytocics, beta-mimetics, corticosteroids, insulin, hypotensive agents, diuretics and psychiatric drugs.
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2bbe0cef-8bce-49bd-926f-7a3b743f8ace
| 1 |
For each case of interference, an attempt is made to provide practical data, with particular respect to those combinations frequently prescribed by obstetricians, e.g. the combination of the beta-mimetics and corticosteroids with the aim of preventing impending premature onset of labour and to ensure foetal pulmonary maturation;
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2bbe0cef-8bce-49bd-926f-7a3b743f8ace
| 2 |
the combination of insulin and corticosteroids given to diabetics with the aim of preventing hyaline membrane disease; the combination of corticosteroids with anti-histamines in the treatment of rhesus disease; the association of oxytocics with large quantities of intravenous fluid in the case of post-partum haemorrhage and hypontensive medication combinations and the problems which may result with emergency anaesthesis.
|
0fbe2a70-85e2-45a4-bba4-1e004baea5b4
| 0 |
[Drug heritage of the newborn infant]. The medicamental heritage of the new-born baby is a reality that we are more and more realizing. During intra-uterine life, the foetus is placed under different maternal influences that the new-born baby is done an "old" and unsafe one who can present, as early as his birth, modifications of his own metabolism. To know if this heritage is really a dotation or an empoisoned gift, is an important question that we are going to study in light of experimental data and constatations of clinical pharmacology.
|
fe321cd2-8ae6-47e8-b333-85f4cd117225
| 0 |
[Influence on the fetus of drugs taken during pregnancy]. The use of drugs during pregnancy is very common; some substances can provoke in the foetus troubles and anatomical or functional disorders which may be detected either at birth or later on. Then it is necessary the physicians restrict the prescription of therapeutical agents for and only for well-knowned indications. The education of people in regard of this subject is also necessary about drugs used during pregnancy without medical advices.
|
abed4741-d566-4a60-9be1-eb6b2cd96a92
| 0 |
[Evaluation of fetal maturity at birth]. It is very important to evaluate the degree of maturity of a new-born infant in order: - to appreciate the chronological age when the date of the last period is unknown or doubtful, - to compare the degree of maturation with the weight and size of the infant, in regard of estimating the intra-uterine growth and detecting early a lateness or advance of this growth.
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5da836c5-0b21-42db-b4e3-3be610d8f3db
| 0 |
[Severe respiratory distress with stubborn hypoxemia in newborn infants whose mothers had had placenta previa]. The study of 16 newborn of birthweight less than or equal to 2,200 g characterized by a common point: the presence of PLACENTA PRAEVIA IN THE MOTHER, enabled us to come to grips with the severe respiratory distress that these newborn can have.
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5da836c5-0b21-42db-b4e3-3be610d8f3db
| 1 |
From the clinical standpoint: there is always early respiratory distress. From the radiological standpoint: by far the most dominant pathology was interstitial edema, giving rise to a WET LUNG. From the biochemical standpoint: the blood gases were characterized in a certain number of cases by hypoxemia which was refractory to the usual forms of treatment.
|
5da836c5-0b21-42db-b4e3-3be610d8f3db
| 2 |
From the mechanical standpoint: measurements carried out in 4 patients confirmed the extraordinary fall in these patients' compliance. The clinical, radiological, blood gas and mechanical analysis enabled one to differenciate 2 main types of indications for artificial ventilation: -- acute hypoxemia, -- the idea of an increased need for oxygen.
|
5da836c5-0b21-42db-b4e3-3be610d8f3db
| 3 |
In these 2 types of indications for artificial ventilation, it was apparent that the treatment of choice is constant positive pressure which may or may not be combined with intermittent positive pressure. With this treatment technique, none of the patients progressed to massive atelectasis. It can be said that with the advent of techniques of ventilation by high pressure combining IPP with CPP, one has definitively eliminated from this pathological picture, the principal cause of death:
|
5da836c5-0b21-42db-b4e3-3be610d8f3db
| 4 |
--anoxia due to massive alveolar collapse.
|
9a7e5ced-b4ca-46aa-8570-f76b1c8bb5de
| 0 |
[Primary management of labor using neuroleptic analgesia]. Within the limits granted, neuroleptanalgesia constitutes a very interesting technique in the major part of management of labour. In particular it has the advantage of preserving maternal consciousness. On the other hand, it allows analgesia of rather long duration, which renders early management of labour possible while still respecting its physiology.
|
9a7e5ced-b4ca-46aa-8570-f76b1c8bb5de
| 1 |
The institution of this technique demands the presence at the parturients bedside, not only of the obstetrician and the medwife but also that of a qualified anesthetist. As in all cases of major management of labour it engages the responsability of the obstetrical team which undertakes it and this is even more so, the earlier it is started.
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9a7e5ced-b4ca-46aa-8570-f76b1c8bb5de
| 2 |
To us its indications seem comparable with those of Gamma OH: the early management of labour however has the advantage over the latter of preserving maternal consciouness. Moreover it proved to be particularly interesting in the management of breech presentations. But if its properties are an advantage in the indications which we have just mentioned, they can constitute an invonvenience and restrain its use under different circumstances:
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9a7e5ced-b4ca-46aa-8570-f76b1c8bb5de
| 3 |
its slowness of induction, the absence of narcosis which limits the effect on cervical resistance means that one prefers the Toulouse method using pentothal for the management of labour after 7 centimeters of dilatation. In conclusion, it seems important to us to state that neuroleptanalgesia is not the ideal method for management of labour any more than is thiopental or Gamma-OH.
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9a7e5ced-b4ca-46aa-8570-f76b1c8bb5de
| 4 |
Other techniques merit being studied. Their study must obey strict rules in order to specify the risks and therefore the indications and limits. It should cover different fields which are, pharmacology, the objective assessment, by quantitative criteria, of the effects on uterine contraction, on the mother's clinical and biological state as well as that of the fetus in utero, then that of the child in the first hours of live and up to the first years of his development.
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2dcb1b42-40cc-436c-aac8-8941e6901a52
| 0 |
[Drugs most frequently used during pregnancy and labor and their effects]. It is rather difficult to draw up a list of the drugs most frequently used during pregnancy, and to specify their action on the mother, the uterus ans the fetus bearing in mind the differences between them.
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2dcb1b42-40cc-436c-aac8-8941e6901a52
| 1 |
This difficulty results in particular from the high number of drugs owing to: the frequency of prescriptions and selfmedication in the pregnant woman who suffers from numerous disorders, and the possibility of a pathology associated with the pregnancy or a pathology due to the pregnancy itself thereby defining the "high risk" pregnancy.
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2dcb1b42-40cc-436c-aac8-8941e6901a52
| 2 |
On this background already modified by pregnancy, under the hold of numerous drugs, an anesthetic can be necessary in addition during labour or delivery, the frequency of which can be estimated as being approximately 20 per cent. It is not possible to study all therapeutic agents in a single communication.
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2dcb1b42-40cc-436c-aac8-8941e6901a52
| 3 |
One can only evoke the influence of the most currently used drugs; analgesics, antibiotics, diuretics, sleeping tablets, anti-hypertensives and those aimed at the neuropsychiatric system (anti-depression agents, neuroleptics, tranquillizers) which are so frequently used at present. Finally, during labour the number of parturients who receive no drugs is rare:
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2dcb1b42-40cc-436c-aac8-8941e6901a52
| 4 |
ocytocic and anti-spasmodic agents can also interfere with an anesthetic. All of these ideas which are more and more difficult to acquire are important to know. In fact the person in charge of the delivery must prescribe as little drugs as possible (in order to avoid multiple drug interference which is rather difficult to predict) knowing the possible action of drugs on the fetus (in order to allow best adaptation to life in our atmosphere after delivery) and foreseeing the possible necessity for an anesthetic.
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2dcb1b42-40cc-436c-aac8-8941e6901a52
| 5 |
In his turn, the anesthetist should have a good knowledge of obstetrical physiology and pathology and the drugs capable of being used during pregnancy and labour in order to be able to choose the best adapted anesthetic. This emphasized the importance of a well integrated obstetrico-anesthetic team in which each member knows the problems of the other, with the aim of being the least possible noxious for the mother, and the future newborn, the fetus.
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2dcb1b42-40cc-436c-aac8-8941e6901a52
| 6 |
This also emphasizes the necessity for anesthetists attached to the ostetrical unit, knowing like the obstetrician the histories of those women with "high risk" pregnancies. Obstetrical anesthetics cannot be improvised.
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fb6989e1-c93e-4528-b7d9-ea70602a6ef5
| 0 |
[Important physiological considerations in artificial respiration and reanimation of newborn infants]. The methods used for ventilation of the neonate shold be based upon consideration of the physiological changes which occure in the lungs and circulation at birth of the normal infant. Three important changes must be taken into consideration.
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fb6989e1-c93e-4528-b7d9-ea70602a6ef5
| 1 |
The first is the formation of a residual volume of alveolar gas, the second the resorption of pulmonary fluid and the third a decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance, upon which is dependent the change from foetal circulation to that of the neonate. To begin insufflation of foetal lungs it is necessary to use a pressure of between 20 and 30 cm H2O.
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fb6989e1-c93e-4528-b7d9-ea70602a6ef5
| 2 |
After the first insufflation, a good deal of air remains in the lungs, even during expiration, as long as pulmonary "surfactant" is present. In the absence of the latter, residual pressure at the end of expiration is necessary in order to avoid the lung emptying itself of air.
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fb6989e1-c93e-4528-b7d9-ea70602a6ef5
| 3 |
The resorption of pulmonary liquid from the alveolar spaces into the blood is dependent upon a change in the permeability of the alveolar epithelium, which renders possible the rapid passage of water via the channels which open, probably between the epithelial cells, and this change is dependent upon an expansion of the lungs by a pressure of between 35 and 40 cm H2O.
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fb6989e1-c93e-4528-b7d9-ea70602a6ef5
| 4 |
Dilatation of the pulmonary vessels depends in part upon an increase in partial pressure of oxygen and a fall in carbon dioxide in the environment of the pulmonary arterioles, and in part upon mechanical changes brought about by the movements of ventilatation.
|
80897f62-a138-4fb9-aa01-e58b5c7db77e
| 0 |
[Spectrofluorometric determination of a new beta-blocking agent, acebutolol in blood and urine]. The authors describe a simple method of spectrofluorimetric estimation of acebutolol, applicable to blood and urine, sufficiently sensitive to obtain therapeutic concentrations. After administration of a 200 mg dose by mouth, one may observe a maximal plasma concentration 3 hours later, with average values of 1.02
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80897f62-a138-4fb9-aa01-e58b5c7db77e
| 1 |
+/- 0.20 mg/liter. The principle of the estimation is based on acid hydrolysis of the product, then condensation of the liberated amine with nitroso-1 naphtol-2 to give a fluorescent derivative (stimulation 460 nm, emission 545 nm).
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95dc03cc-ad09-4288-8b95-9fbff6f9ed12
| 0 |
[Determination of the activity of serum ornithine carbamoyltranferase : working conditions in a veronal-acetate medium]. Ornithine carbamyl transferase activity was determined by estimation of the citrulline formed during the reaction. Citrulline is estimated by diacetylmonoxime in the presence of thiosemicarbazide. The conditions of enzyme analysis were then studied in buffer veronal-acetate medium at 37 degrees C.
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95dc03cc-ad09-4288-8b95-9fbff6f9ed12
| 1 |
The optimum pH for activity depended on the ornithine concentration, but was independent of carbamyl-phosphate concentration. At pH 7.8, ornithine at concentrations higher than 1.6 mM inhibited enzyme activity, ornithine Km was 0.208 mM and that of carbamyl-phosphate was 1.92 mM. The incubation time for determination of OCT activity was 15 minutes.
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95dc03cc-ad09-4288-8b95-9fbff6f9ed12
| 2 |
Citrulline production was proportional to the enzyme concentration up to activities of 180 units/l. Serum urea was destroyed by a urease of high quality, so that the formation of citrulline in the control reagents was minimal. Reference values, determined on a hospital population, without liver, heart or pulmonary disease, lay between 4.7
|
95dc03cc-ad09-4288-8b95-9fbff6f9ed12
| 3 |
+/- 2.3 units/l. The coefficient of variation of the technique, determined on a pool of serum of moderate activity was 8 units/l i.e. 5.1 per cent.
|
cde34a1e-6591-4d86-b74d-1cd709b7cf12
| 0 |
Comparison of anileridine and pethidine in preventing pain responses during nitrous oxide-oxygen anaesthesia. The analgesic potency of anileridine and pethidine was compared in 28 patients by measuring their effect on withdrawal movements caused by pinching of the skin or by surgery during N2O + O2 anaesthesia. It appeared that anileridine is 3.5 to 4 times as potent as pethidine on a weight basis. In equianalgesic doses the incidence of side effects was equal after both drugs.
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dd442eaf-188b-463a-93d3-50b86a3cb5c1
| 0 |
Effects of the cardioselective beta-blocker metoprolol in angina pectoris. A subacute study with exercise tests. The effects of the cardioselective beta-blocker, metoprolol, were evaluated under double-blind conditions in eighteen patients with angina pectoris. During an introductory run-in period of eight weeks, a placebo was given single-blindly.
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dd442eaf-188b-463a-93d3-50b86a3cb5c1
| 1 |
Thereafter two double-blind crossover periods each of four weeks followed, either 20 mg metroprolol or placebo being given t.i.d. Metoprolol gave a significant reduction in the number of anginal attacks and in nitroglycerin consumption. The patients' subjective assessments of their daily angina pectoris symptoms also showed a significant improvement compared with the placebo.
|
dd442eaf-188b-463a-93d3-50b86a3cb5c1
| 2 |
At the end of each period, a standardized exercise test was performed. In comparison with placebo, metoprolol gave a significant increase of total work performed until the appearance of 1 mm ST-segment depression and until the end of exercise. The heart rate was significantly reduced at rest and during exercise.
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dd442eaf-188b-463a-93d3-50b86a3cb5c1
| 3 |
The blood pressure was significantly reduced only during exercise. None of the patients reported any severe unwanted effects. The complaints reported were mild to moderate, and the frequency during metoprolol treatment was even lower than during placebo treatment. No signs or symptoms of cardiac failure were seen in any of these patients on any occasion.
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dd442eaf-188b-463a-93d3-50b86a3cb5c1
| 4 |
It is concluded that 20 mg metoprolol t.i.d. is of benefit in the treatment of angina pectoris but further benefit might be obtained with higher doses.
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f989246a-8a50-49dc-a6dc-465acdd14298
| 0 |
[Effect of the phosphorus concentration on novobiocin formation by the producer Act. spheroides]. According to the literature data biosynthesis of novobiocin by Act. spheroides unlike other antibiotics does not practically depend on the phosphorus levels in the medium. In the present paper it is shown that production of novobiocin in natural media is sensitive to the concentration of mineral phosphorus in the medium. The optimal concentration of phosphorus for biosynthesis of novobiocin is almost within the same ranges as that for biosynthesis of streptomycin, tetracyclines and oleandomycin.
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ec40216d-fae4-4feb-b933-4476d92f6f78
| 0 |
[Microbiological study of gentamiycin]. Gentamycin prepared at the All-Union Research Institute of Antibiotics did not differ by its antibacterial spectrum and the activity level from gentamycin samples from other countries. By its activity against clinical strains of Ps. aeruginosa gentamycin was somewhat inferior than polymyxin but much more superior than carbenicillin. An agar-diffusion method using Bac. pumilus NTCC 8241 as the test microbe was developed for determination of gentamycin activity. The gentamycin sulfate complex and the components of gentamycin had the same activity levels, antibacterial spectrum and diffusion capacity.
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0efeaf90-514c-4234-9740-5eb5ac6cc424
| 0 |
[Use of lincomycin, methicillin and ristomycin in the nutrient media for isolating pathogenic intestinal microorganisms]. Elective-differentiating solid nutrient media for simultaneous isolation of Vibrioes, Salmonella and Shigella were developed. Antibiotics active against grampostive microflora and dry bile salts inhibiting the growth of Proteus were used as the inhibitors of the growth of the accompanying microflora. The medium was lincomycin and the bile salts may be prepared in a dry form.
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95d1f633-adbc-466f-9009-666794f3b69a
| 0 |
[Characteristics of the oxidative metabolism in strains with varying levels of fucidin biosynthesis]. Oxidative capacity of the fusidin-producing strains with various biosynthetic activity was studied comparatively. The studies showed that by their capacity to oxidize pyruvate and some metabolites of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (acetate, succinate, malate) the strains were arranged in the order reverse to their antibiotic activity.
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95d1f633-adbc-466f-9009-666794f3b69a
| 1 |
Such regularity was observed during the whole fermentation process and was most pronounced by the 3rd and 4th days (beginning of the idiophase). The rate of glucose oxidation was higher in more active strains. The same regularity was noted in the 2nd phase of the strain development associated with beginning of fusidin biosynthesis.
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95d1f633-adbc-466f-9009-666794f3b69a
| 2 |
In the 1st phase (the 1st and 2nd days) the strains almost did not differ by their capacity to oxidize glucose. By oxidation of phosphorylated ethers of carbohydrates (glucose-6-phosphate and fructoso-6-phosphate) the strains did not differ. Various fusidin-producing strains oxidized NAD-N and NADP-N approximately with the same rate.
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95d1f633-adbc-466f-9009-666794f3b69a
| 3 |
It is supposed that mutations leading to increased antibiotic production are associated with changes in acetate metabolism in the direction of more intensive biosynthesis of isoprenoid compounds, potential precursors of the fusidin molecule.
|
02b9c11c-f342-43d7-afcd-cef4ac1d8ae8
| 0 |
Lactulose therapy in Shigella carrier state and acute dysentery. Antibiotic-resistant shigella are increasingly prevalent. Lactulose, a non-absorbable disaccharide, was investigated as an alternative therapy for shigella infection on the hypothesis that the short-chain fatty acids (inhibitory to shigella) resulting from metabolism of lactulose by normal colonic flora would diminish shigella excretion.
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02b9c11c-f342-43d7-afcd-cef4ac1d8ae8
| 1 |
A long-term antibiotic-refractory carrier (large bowel) excreting 10(4) to 10(7)Shigella sonnei/g of feces was given two courses of lactulose (of 24 and 16 days duration). During lactulose therapy, excretion of shigella was greatly diminished (24-day course) or suppressed below detectable levels (16-day course), but returned to pretreatment levels upon discontinuation of lactulose.
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02b9c11c-f342-43d7-afcd-cef4ac1d8ae8
| 2 |
The volunteers who developed induced shigellosis during an efficacy test of oral Shigella flexneri 2a vaccine were randomly given oral ampicillin, lactulose, or placebo in double-blind fashion. Daily rectal cultures were taken. After 4 days of therapy, cultures were still positive in four out of four men on lactulose, three of three on placebo and none of three on ampicillin.
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02b9c11c-f342-43d7-afcd-cef4ac1d8ae8
| 3 |
Mean stool pH of men receiving lactulose (6.1) was significantly lower than those getting ampicillin (7.4), P < 0.01, or placebo (7.0), P < 0.05. Only in the lactulose group was mean stool pH during therapy significantly decreased compared with the level off therapy (6.1
|
02b9c11c-f342-43d7-afcd-cef4ac1d8ae8
| 4 |
versus 7.1), P < 0.02. Lactulose shows promise for the treatment of shigella carriers but appears ineffective in treatment of acute shigellosis.
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94f985d3-8e3e-4bae-a75b-81036db4cf6c
| 0 |
Antimicrobial effect of simple lipids and the effect of pH and positive ions. Various branched fatty acids, particularly those of iso-configuration, have been shown to possess fungistatic and bacteriostatic properties. On the basis of their swelling effect on hyphae of Fusarium roseum it was suggested that this is due to an increase in the permeability of the plasma membrane.
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94f985d3-8e3e-4bae-a75b-81036db4cf6c
| 1 |
The solubilization of fatty acids in membranes should be expected to be influenced by the degree of dissociation and the presence of counter ions. Therefore, the effects of pH and K(+), Na(+), and Ca(2+) ions were studied. It is demonstrated that the presence of the univalent ions, Na(+) and K(+), markedly enhances the fungistatic effect of iso-tetradecanoic acid, whereas the opposite effect is noted for the divalent ion, Ca(2+).
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94f985d3-8e3e-4bae-a75b-81036db4cf6c
| 2 |
The effects are particularly pronounced at high pH. Furthermore, the antimicrobial effect obtained from the combination of fatty acid and tetramethylthiuramdisulfide is significantly enhanced in the presence of 0.1 and 0.2% KCl.
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a52c4783-2d06-43eb-bdcf-b6263ed8173c
| 0 |
Regulation of citrate synthase activity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Citrate synthase activity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was determined by a radioactive assay procedure and the reaction product, 14C-citric acid, was identified by chromatographic techniques. ATP, d-ATP, GTP and NADH were most inhibitory to the citrate synthase invitro.
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a52c4783-2d06-43eb-bdcf-b6263ed8173c
| 1 |
The activity was inhibited to a lesser extent by ADP, UTP, and NADP whereas, AMP and CTP were much less inhibitory. NADH, like NAD, glutamic acid, glutamine, arginine, ornithine, proline, aspartic acid and alpha-ketoglutarate exhibited no inhibition. These results have been discussed in the light of the role of citrate synthase for the energy metabolism and glutamic acid biosynthesis.
|
53c3b400-b8ec-4c5f-9da7-9cbd90f8dc70
| 0 |
Role of acetate metabolism in sporulation of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis. Several aspects of the role of acetate metabolism in the sporulation of Saccaromyces carlsbergensis were investigated. Experiments in which the development of the respiratory system was either stimulated by growth on sugars to which the cells have to adapt, or inhibited by chloramphenicol suggested a correlation between respiratory development and sporulation.
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53c3b400-b8ec-4c5f-9da7-9cbd90f8dc70
| 1 |
In cells in which the respiratory system has been repressed during growth, mitobhondrial protein synthesis and derepression are prerequisites for sporulation. When derepression is complete, sporulation no longer depends on mitochondrial protein synthesis. Incorporation experiments with acetate showed that this compound is an important source of intermediates for biosynthetic processes that occur during sporulation.
|
53c3b400-b8ec-4c5f-9da7-9cbd90f8dc70
| 2 |
Its incorporation into macromolecular fractions is tightly coupled to sporutlation.
|
0531fefc-241b-4d3a-acbf-2b8aa27bddce
| 0 |
Bacterial and fungal growth in total parenteral nutrition solutions,. The most serious complication of prolonged intravenous infusion of hypertonic dextrose and amino acids is infection. Frequently, the etiology is fungal rather than bacterial. Previous authors have suggested that bacterial survival and growth in the solutions is suppressed by (a) high dextrose concentration, (b) high osmolality, or (c) low pH.
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0531fefc-241b-4d3a-acbf-2b8aa27bddce
| 1 |
This paper presents evidence that proposals (a) and (b) are untenable and (c) is only partly responsible. We call attention to the presence of a factor that is antibacterial but not antifungal; namely, a high concentration of glycine.
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27a41f44-9500-4a32-891b-586e6e7be6bf
| 0 |
New medium for isolating iron-oxidizing and heterotrophic acidophilic bacteria from acid mine drainage. A new solid medium is described for growing iron and heterotrophic bacteria from acid mine drainage (AMD). Examination of AMD from five states revealed several kinds of colonies of iron-oxidizing bacteria: (i) smooth, (ii) smooth with secondary growth sectors or branching, (iii) star-shaped, (iv) radiating lobe, and (v) flat-rough.
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27a41f44-9500-4a32-891b-586e6e7be6bf
| 1 |
All AMD samples yielded whitish colonies that could not use ferrous iron, sulfur, or hydrogen, nor could they grow on nutrient agar, brain heart infusion agar, or Trypticase soy agar. Glucose and sucrose supported growth if the sugar-salts medium was at pH 3.0. The new iron medium has several advantages over others:
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27a41f44-9500-4a32-891b-586e6e7be6bf
| 2 |
(i) easy preparation, (ii) rapid growth, (iii) larger colonies, (iv) differentiation of colony morphology, and (v) detection of a new group of heterotrophic acidophilic bacteria.
|
1646fa68-7cf6-454d-bad3-4f4adcd9f09b
| 0 |
Effect of initial pH on aflatoxin production. The effect of initial pH on aflatoxin production by Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2999 was examined in a semisynthetic medium. Maximal growth, aflatoxin production, and aflatoxin production per unit of growth occurred at initial pH levels of 5.0, 6.0, and 7.0 respectively. Initial pH levels less than pH 6.0 favored production of the B toxins, whereas levels greater than pH 6.0 favored production of the G toxins.
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4779bc3b-2cd2-4d2b-b03b-658209b367a1
| 0 |
High-temperature production of protein-enriched feed from cassava by fungi. A simple, nonaseptic, low-cast process for the conversion of cassava, a starchy tropical root crop, into microbial protein for use as animal feed was sought. Screening tests culminated in the isolation of a thermotolerant, amylase-producing mold, designated I-21, which was identified as Aspergillus fumigatus.
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4779bc3b-2cd2-4d2b-b03b-658209b367a1
| 1 |
The optimum pH for protein synthesis was 3-5, but the optimum temperature was less than the desired temperature (larger than or equal to 45 C) required for a nonaseptic fermentation. A. fumigatus I-21 and its asporogenous mutant I-21A grew equally well in a medium prepared from whole cassava roots with a mean protein doubling time at 45 C and pH 3.5
|
4779bc3b-2cd2-4d2b-b03b-658209b367a1
| 2 |
of 3.5 h. In batch culture, approximately 4% carbohydrate, supplied as whole cassava, could be feremented in 20 h, giving a final yield of 24 g of dry product, containing 36.9% crude protein, per liter. The conversion of carbohydrate used to crude protein was 22.1
|
4779bc3b-2cd2-4d2b-b03b-658209b367a1
| 3 |
%. When determined as amino acids, the protein content of the product, which contained cassava bark and other unfermented residues, was 27.1%. With urea as the nitrogen source, no pH control was necessary. Preliminary data indicated that medium prepared from whole cassava roots was inhibitory to the mold unless the cassava pulp was heated to 70 C immediately after being ground.
|
4779bc3b-2cd2-4d2b-b03b-658209b367a1
| 4 |
Heating to 70 C was required to gelatinize the starch and permit its complete utilization.
|
3543ded1-b2da-44f2-bf6d-0231a782bd82
| 0 |
Removal of algae from Florida lakes by magnetic filtration. Magnetic filtration was used for the removal of algal populations present in five lakes located in the vicinity of Gainesville, Fla. It was found that the use of this technique enabled a good removal (94%) of algal cells from three lakes where the pH was around 7. The other two lakes, with a higher pH, displayed a lower removal. However, the treatment was greatly improved by lowering the pH from 9.5 to 6.5.
|
ae427393-1ce0-4cd1-b770-c7d11481613f
| 0 |
Factors influencing detection and enumeration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by most-probable-number and membrane filtration techniques. Most-probable-number (MPN) and membrane filtration (mF) techniques were evaluated with respect to selectivity, sensitivity, and efficiency in recovering Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains in hospital fluids and extramural water environments. Known numbers of cells of a naturally occurring strain of P.
|
ae427393-1ce0-4cd1-b770-c7d11481613f
| 1 |
aeruginosa maintained in distilled water or cells subcultured on Standard Methods agar were added to test samples containing various types and levels of background microbial contamiants. Environmental samples containing unknown numbers of P. aeruginosa strains also were tested. Asparagine and acetamide broths were employed as presumptive media in MPN tests, and mPA and Pseudosel agars were used in mF assays.
|
ae427393-1ce0-4cd1-b770-c7d11481613f
| 2 |
Statistical analyses of data showed the superiority and comparability of the asparagine-MPN and mPA-mF systems. Greater precision and accuracy were consistently obtained in either assay technique by the use of naturally occurring cells as test organisms. The type of filter and nature of diluents employed, as well as pH of assay media, were found to greatly influence both recovery and developemnt of characteristic colonial morphology in the mPA-mF system.
|
0cd91f42-cbe0-453a-84ce-4b040c208dae
| 0 |
Heat resistance of ileal loop reactive Bacillus cereus strains isolated from commercially canned food. Sporeformers isolated from a commercially canned food were identified as Bacillus cereus, lactose-positive variants. The thermal resistance of spore crops produced from each of two representative cultures was determined in 0.067 M phosphate buffer at pH 7.0
|
0cd91f42-cbe0-453a-84ce-4b040c208dae
| 1 |
. The D121.1 values for one isolate were approximately 0.03 min (z = 9.9C), whereas the D121.1 values for the other isolate were 2.35 min (z = 7.9 C). Thermal inactivation results for heat-stressed isolates from each strain showed no significant alteration in heat resistance from that of the two parent spore crops.
|
0cd91f42-cbe0-453a-84ce-4b040c208dae
| 2 |
Both isolates were reactive when injected into the ligated rabbit ileum.
|
620e98f6-fb2d-4da9-8de3-2b1187612be6
| 0 |
Kinetics of a bacterial culture growth: validity of the affinity rule in biological systems. The kinetic study of a process is usually performed by measuring a convenient intensive property, P, as a function of time. The "affinity rule" states that, when a given process takes place under different external constraints (e.
|
620e98f6-fb2d-4da9-8de3-2b1187612be6
| 1 |
g., different temperatures, pressures, pH values, etc.), the various P versus time curves are related by an affinity transformation parallel to the time axis: in other words the P versus log time curves are parallel and can be superimposed by translation. The validity of the rule has been extensively tested in chemical and physiochemical processes, but there is no evidence as yet that it extends to biological systems.
|
620e98f6-fb2d-4da9-8de3-2b1187612be6
| 2 |
The present paper shows that the rule is indeed valid for the kinetics of growth of an Escherichia coli culture at various temperatures and pH values. More extended experiments are necessary to prove or disprove the general validity of the rule in biological systems, but its practical interest is evident:
|
620e98f6-fb2d-4da9-8de3-2b1187612be6
| 3 |
whenever it is valid it will be possible, from a very small number of measurements, to predict the complete behavior of the system in a number of various external conditions
|
6f3c624f-75a2-49fe-be9f-dd9ed6f16664
| 0 |
Beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol in treatment of hay fever in children. Eighteen children suffering from hay fever were treated with intra-nasal beclomethasone dipropionate (400 mug/day) and an identical placebo aerosol in a double-blind cross-over trial. 17 of the children preferred the intranasal beclomethasone dipropionate, one had no preference, none preferred the placebo.
|
6f3c624f-75a2-49fe-be9f-dd9ed6f16664
| 1 |
The effect on the nasal symptoms was impressive. Symptom scores decreased, on average, to 12% and the number of antihistamine tablets taken to 18% of the pretreatment amount. Some beneficial effect on eye symptoms was also discernible, possibly due to an indirect influence from the nasal mucosa via the nasolacrimal reflex.
|
6f3c624f-75a2-49fe-be9f-dd9ed6f16664
| 2 |
Adrenal function was not affected. It was concluded that 400 mug beclomethasone dipropionate given intranasally daily for some weeks is an effective and safe treatment for hay fever in children.
|
d519b485-cd4c-4330-89ae-953cac0d8ab8
| 0 |
The influence of oxyhemoglobin affinity on tissue oxygen consumption. In an intact animal or patient, any shift in oxyhemoglobin affinity is inevitably associated with concurrent fluctuation in numerous other determinants of oxygen delivery. For this reason, the influence of hemoglobin affinity for oxygen on tissue oxygen consumption has been incompletely evaluated.
|
d519b485-cd4c-4330-89ae-953cac0d8ab8
| 1 |
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of oxyhemoglobin affinity as the sole variable of oxygen delivery in an isolated perfused canine hindlimb. A membrane lung system which allowed precise control of blood flow, temperature, arterial oxygen content and arterial pH was established. Twelve isolated canine hindlimbs were alternatively perfused with autologous stored (left-shifted) and fresh (right-shifted) blood in paralled perfusion systems.
|
d519b485-cd4c-4330-89ae-953cac0d8ab8
| 2 |
The 2,3-DPG concentrations, P50 and oxygen consumptions were significantly different in the two paralled perfusion systems. A decreased hemoglobin affinity for oxygen appeared to permit increased oxygen off-loading at the tissue level.
|
9de8ce62-12f8-42a4-b962-339588f6df14
| 0 |
The relationship between muscle surface pH and oxygen transport. The relationship between muscle surface pH (pHM) and the arterial-venous oxygen content difference (AVO2D) was studied in 4 patients undergoing reconstructive arterial surgery and in 6 patients undergoing acute normovolemic hemodilution. There was a consistent inverse relation between pHM in the ischemic lower extremity and the femoral AVO2D before, during and after aortic clamping. There was also an inverse relation between AVO2D and pHM during hemodilution. These data confirm that pHM is a reliable indicator of tissue perfusion and correlates with the AVO2D.
|
46ff8d2f-8ed8-4421-a531-50b0f69dad7e
| 0 |
Sodium nitroprusside as a coronary vasodilator in man: a comparison of the effects of sodium nitroprusside and papaverine hydrochloride on aortocoronary saphenous vein graft flow. Blood flow in aortocoronary saphenous vein grafts was studied in response to intragraft injection of sodium nitroprusside and papaverine hydrochloride. Following injection of 50 mug of sodium nitroprusside, mean graft flow increased from 40.1
|
46ff8d2f-8ed8-4421-a531-50b0f69dad7e
| 1 |
+/- 4.5 to 81.3 +/- 8.5 ml per minute. Administration of 30 mg of papaverine hydrochloride caused mean graft flow to rise from 35.4 +/- 3.9 to 70 +/- 7.9 ml per minute. Sodium nitroprusside increases aortocoronary graft flow, the doubling effect of 50 mug of the drug being of the same order of magnitude as that induced by 30 mg of papaverine hydrochloride.
|
e00ce99f-5da0-4b13-817a-b84242a187cf
| 0 |
Comparative evaluation of a new disposable rotating membrane oxygenator with bubble oxygenator. The comparative in vivo performance of adult-size bubble and rotating membrane oxygenators was evaluated during closed-chest cardiopulmonary bypass for six hours in two groups of dogs. The results show that the rotating membrane oxygenator is efficient in oxygen and carbon dioxide transfer with minimal trauma to blood, while platelet destruction and hemolysis were marked with the bubble oxygenator. Cerebral, cardiac, and respiratory complications were frequent with the bubble oxygenator and absent with the membrane oxygenator.
|
8433c311-113a-42e7-9d17-848749f7067d
| 0 |
Adrenergic drug-receptor interaction in the presence of strontium (Sr++) in mammalian myocardium. The specificity of Ca++ for the interaction of beta adrenergic agonists with their receptors in rabbit right atrial muscle was evaluated. This was accomplished by substituting Ca++ by an equimolar concentration of Sr++.
|
8433c311-113a-42e7-9d17-848749f7067d
| 1 |
Dose-response curves which demonstrate the effect of norepinephrine and isoproterenol on the rate of electrical activity in the presence of Ca++ or Sr++ were made. In addition, the antagonistic action of propranolol (1 X 10(-7) M) in a Ca++-containing or Sr++-containing medium was determined.
|
8433c311-113a-42e7-9d17-848749f7067d
| 2 |
The results clearly demonstrate that Sr++ can effectively substitute for Ca++ in maintaining electrical and mechanical activity in cardiac muscle. Also, norepinephrine and isoproterenol can increase the rate of electrical activity in a Ca++ or Sr++-containing medium. This effect of these beta agonists is mediated through the beta-receptors since propranolol effectively blocked their action.
|
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