metadata

task_categories:
  - text-ranking
pretty_name: FineWeb2-JQL-Education
size_categories:
  - n>1T
language:
  - sq
  - bg
  - ca
  - cs
  - da
  - de
  - es
  - et
  - el
  - eu
  - fi
  - fr
  - gl
  - ga
  - hr
  - hu
  - hy
  - is
  - it
  - lv
  - lt
  - mk
  - nl
  - pl
  - pt
  - ro
  - sl
  - sk
  - sr
  - tr
  - sv
  - nb
  - nn
configs:
  - config_name: als_Latn
    data_files:
      - split: filtered
        path: als_Latn/filtered/*
      - split: removed
        path: als_Latn/removed/*
  - config_name: bul_Cyrl
    data_files:
      - split: filtered
        path: bul_Cyrl/filtered/*
      - split: removed
        path: bul_Cyrl/removed/*
  - config_name: cat_Latn
    data_files:
      - split: filtered
        path: cat_Latn/filtered/*
      - split: removed
        path: cat_Latn/removed/*
  - config_name: ces_Latn
    data_files:
      - split: filtered
        path: ces_Latn/filtered/*
      - split: removed
        path: ces_Latn/removed/*
  - config_name: dan_Latn
    data_files:
      - split: filtered
        path: dan_Latn/filtered/*
      - split: removed
        path: dan_Latn/removed/*
  - config_name: deu_Latn
    data_files:
      - split: filtered
        path: deu_Latn/filtered/*
      - split: removed
        path: deu_Latn/removed/*
  - config_name: ekk_Latn
    data_files:
      - split: filtered
        path: ekk_Latn/filtered/*
      - split: removed
        path: ekk_Latn/removed/*
  - config_name: ell_Grek
    data_files:
      - split: filtered
        path: ell_Grek/filtered/*
      - split: removed
        path: ell_Grek/removed/*
  - config_name: eus_Latn
    data_files:
      - split: filtered
        path: eus_Latn/filtered/*
      - split: removed
        path: eus_Latn/removed/*
  - config_name: fin_Latn
    data_files:
      - split: filtered
        path: fin_Latn/filtered/*
      - split: removed
        path: fin_Latn/removed/*
  - config_name: fra_Latn
    data_files:
      - split: filtered
        path: fra_Latn/filtered/*
      - split: removed
        path: fra_Latn/removed/*
  - config_name: gle_Latn
    data_files:
      - split: filtered
        path: gle_Latn/filtered/*
      - split: removed
        path: gle_Latn/removed/*
  - config_name: glg_Latn
    data_files:
      - split: filtered
        path: glg_Latn/filtered/*
      - split: removed
        path: glg_Latn/removed/*
  - config_name: hrv_Latn
    data_files:
      - split: filtered
        path: hrv_Latn/filtered/*
      - split: removed
        path: hrv_Latn/removed/*
  - config_name: hun_Latn
    data_files:
      - split: filtered
        path: hun_Latn/filtered/*
      - split: removed
        path: hun_Latn/removed/*
  - config_name: hye_Armn
    data_files:
      - split: filtered
        path: hye_Armn/filtered/*
      - split: removed
        path: hye_Armn/removed/*
  - config_name: isl_Latn
    data_files:
      - split: filtered
        path: isl_Latn/filtered/*
      - split: removed
        path: isl_Latn/removed/*
  - config_name: ita_Latn
    data_files:
      - split: filtered
        path: ita_Latn/filtered/*
      - split: removed
        path: ita_Latn/removed/*
  - config_name: lit_Latn
    data_files:
      - split: filtered
        path: lit_Latn/filtered/*
      - split: removed
        path: lit_Latn/removed/*
  - config_name: lvs_Latn
    data_files:
      - split: filtered
        path: lvs_Latn/filtered/*
      - split: removed
        path: lvs_Latn/removed/*
  - config_name: mkd_Cyrl
    data_files:
      - split: filtered
        path: mkd_Cyrl/filtered/*
      - split: removed
        path: mkd_Cyrl/removed/*
  - config_name: nld_Latn
    data_files:
      - split: filtered
        path: nld_Latn/filtered/*
      - split: removed
        path: nld_Latn/removed/*
  - config_name: nno_Latn
    data_files:
      - split: filtered
        path: nno_Latn/filtered/*
      - split: removed
        path: nno_Latn/removed/*
  - config_name: nob_Latn
    data_files:
      - split: filtered
        path: nob_Latn/filtered/*
      - split: removed
        path: nob_Latn/removed/*
  - config_name: pol_Latn
    data_files:
      - split: filtered
        path: pol_Latn/filtered/*
      - split: removed
        path: pol_Latn/removed/*
  - config_name: por_Latn
    data_files:
      - split: filtered
        path: por_Latn/filtered/*
      - split: removed
        path: por_Latn/removed/*
  - config_name: ron_Latn
    data_files:
      - split: filtered
        path: ron_Latn/filtered/*
      - split: removed
        path: ron_Latn/removed/*
  - config_name: slk_Latn
    data_files:
      - split: filtered
        path: slk_Latn/filtered/*
      - split: removed
        path: slk_Latn/removed/*
  - config_name: slv_Latn
    data_files:
      - split: filtered
        path: slv_Latn/filtered/*
      - split: removed
        path: slv_Latn/removed/*
  - config_name: spa_Latn
    data_files:
      - split: filtered
        path: spa_Latn/filtered/*
      - split: removed
        path: spa_Latn/removed/*
  - config_name: srp_Cyrl
    data_files:
      - split: filtered
        path: srp_Cyrl/filtered/*
      - split: removed
        path: srp_Cyrl/removed/*
  - config_name: srp_Latn
    data_files:
      - split: filtered
        path: srp_Latn/filtered/*
      - split: removed
        path: srp_Latn/removed/*
  - config_name: swe_Latn
    data_files:
      - split: filtered
        path: swe_Latn/filtered/*
      - split: removed
        path: swe_Latn/removed/*
  - config_name: tur_Latn
    data_files:
      - split: filtered
        path: tur_Latn/filtered/*
      - split: removed
        path: tur_Latn/removed/*
  - config_name: ukr_Cyrl
    data_files:
      - split: filtered
        path: ukr_Cyrl/filtered/*
      - split: removed
        path: ukr_Cyrl/removed/*

Fineweb2-Edu-scores

Dataset summary

FineWeb2-JQL-Education is a model-annotated language subset of FineWeb2, spanning 36 languages. Our model-annotations allow for a filtering that achieves higher-quality training outcomes without excessively aggressive data reduction. The original FW2 heuristic filtering method serves as our baseline, providing reference points for both the volume of retained tokens and downstream model performance. For example, in the Spanish language case, applying the 0.6 threshold retains over 9% more tokens than FW2 filtered while still surpassing its quality .

Fineweb2-Edu-scores was created based on scores assigned by a deep learning classifier trained to identify educational samples using Snowflake's Arctic-embed-m-v2.0 embeddings.

For all training ablations, we used dense decoder-only models with 2 billion parameters, following the LLaMA architecture. For more details, see our paper https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.22232.

Key features

Model Annotations: All documents annotations are available for an individual filtering based on the use-case.
Multilingual coverage: 36 languages, ensuring diverse linguistic representation
Model-based filtering: Uses an Snowflake's Arctic-embed-m-v2.0 embedding-based classifier to score documents
Enhanced benchmark performance: Surpasses FineWeb2 benchmark performance by retaining more tokens than FW2 filtered

Languages and subsets

Subset name	Language name	Number of documents	Disk size
als_Latn	Tosk Albanian	8,597,826	18.18GB
als_Latn_removed	Tosk Albanian	4,055,619	12.60GB
bul_Cyrl	Bulgarian	25,994,731	145.75GB
bul_Cyrl_removed	Bulgarian	31,046,392	122.45GB
cat_Latn	Catalan	17,136,414	40.35GB
cat_Latn_removed	Catalan	20,738,135	41.77GB
ces_Latn	Czech	66,067,904	206.33GB
ces_Latn_removed	Czech	111,866,555	342.34GB
dan_Latn	Danish	45,391,655	150.72GB
dan_Latn_removed	Danish	77,463,538	170.06GB
deu_Latn	German	495,964,485	1.51TB
deu_Latn_removed	German	251,288,231	1.16TB
ekk_Latn	Standard Estonian	10,218,587	40.82GB
ekk_Latn_removed	Standard Estonian	24,279,355	38.99GB
ell_Grek	Modern Greek (1453-)	47,421,073	222.05GB
ell_Grek_removed	Modern Greek (1453-)	74,145,599	288.18GB
eus_Latn	Basque	1,569,434	4.30GB
eus_Latn_removed	Basque	3,938,920	7.14GB
fin_Latn	Finnish	36,710,816	143.03GB
fin_Latn_removed	Finnish	59,179,814	146.83GB
fra_Latn	French	360,058,973	1.11TB
fra_Latn_removed	French	363,004,462	1.40TB
gle_Latn	Irish	646,842	2.17GB
gle_Latn_removed	Irish	940,321	2.30GB
glg_Latn	Galician	2,522,814	6.47GB
glg_Latn_removed	Galician	65,751,416	106.33GB
hrv_Latn	Croatian	6,195,824	35.91GB
hrv_Latn_removed	Croatian	16,193,327	101.31GB
hun_Latn	Hungarian	49,935,986	199.69GB
hun_Latn_removed	Hungarian	62,629,587	197.69GB
hye_Armn	Armenian	1,757,415	7.17GB
hye_Armn_removed	Armenian	6,931,484	26.40GB
isl_Latn	Icelandic	3,014,429	10.27GB
isl_Latn_removed	Icelandic	3,676,854	8.46GB
ita_Latn	Italian	238,984,437	739.24GB
ita_Latn_removed	Italian	177,205,688	571.08GB
lit_Latn	Lithuanian	13,471,965	56.50GB
lit_Latn_removed	Lithuanian	25,435,580	56.63GB
lvs_Latn	Standard Latvian	8,030,316	33.36GB
lvs_Latn_removed	Standard Latvian	22,341,102	36.85GB
mkd_Cyrl	Macedonian	4,150,902	14.99GB
mkd_Cyrl_removed	Macedonian	3,118,895	13.18GB
mlt_Latn	Maltese	489,190	1.53GB
mlt_Latn_removed	Maltese	9,208,704	10.80GB
nld_Latn	Dutch	147,301,270	397.51GB
nld_Latn_removed	Dutch	218,945,327	529.40GB
nno_Latn	Norwegian Nynorsk	1,214,870	2.68GB
nno_Latn_removed	Norwegian Nynorsk	6,239,864	6.03GB
nob_Latn	Norwegian Bokmål	38,144,343	172.05GB
nob_Latn_removed	Norwegian Bokmål	36,686,953	107.45GB
pol_Latn	Polish	151,966,724	432.01GB
pol_Latn_removed	Polish	222,490,734	579.65GB
por_Latn	Portuguese	199,737,979	569.24GB
por_Latn_removed	Portuguese	285,961,147	813.17GB
ron_Latn	Romanian	58,303,671	186.19GB
ron_Latn_removed	Romanian	53,772,396	171.60GB
slk_Latn	Slovak	29,991,521	85.43GB
slk_Latn_removed	Slovak	27,271,017	97.69GB
slv_Latn	Slovenian	12,059,130	41.80GB
slv_Latn_removed	Slovenian	15,624,142	42.99GB
spa_Latn	Spanish	441,287,261	1.32TB
spa_Latn_removed	Spanish	431,159,798	1.45TB
srp_Cyrl	Serbian	4,146,124	26.87GB
srp_Cyrl_removed	Serbian	4,120,140	21.06GB
srp_Latn	Serbian	586,381	2.08GB
srp_Latn_removed	Serbian	593,557	1.75GB
swe_Latn	Swedish	59,485,306	202.96GB
swe_Latn_removed	Swedish	108,352,247	314.07GB
tur_Latn	Turkish	95,129,129	284.52GB
tur_Latn_removed	Turkish	101,406,881	317.33GB
ukr_Cyrl	Ukrainian	53,101,726	254.86GB
ukr_Cyrl_removed	Ukrainian	51,960,229	212.79GB

The approach as described in the paper is easy to extend to other languages as well, and we might consider adding new languages to an upcoming version of the present dataset.

We also separately release the computed general-purpose embedding vectors for the the full sets of the original FineWeb2 dataset, in the respective languages, as they can be useful for other applications beyond quality filtering: FineWeb2-embeddings.

Dataset Structure

Data Fields

Each data entry includes the original FineWeb2 data fields with the addition of:

score_Gemma_Snowflake: Quality score obtained by the Gemma-based Snowflake classifier
score_Llama_Snowflake: Quality score obtained by the Llama-based Snowflake classifier
score_Mistral_Snowflake: Quality score obtained by the Mistral-based Snowflake classifier
embeddings: Stored in a separate HDF5 file, containing Snowflake's Arctic-embed-m-v2.0 embeddings.

Data Instance

{
  "id": "0",
  "file_path": "/leonardo_scratch/large/userexternal/mfromm00/data/raw_data/fineweb2/output/embeddings/als_Latn/als_Latn/filtered/000_000_00000.jsonl.h5",
  "document_id": "29d82196d55803ab9c792e45b59919bf_0",
  "source_filename": "als_Latn/als_Latn/filtered/000_000_00000.jsonl.h5",
  "score_Gemma_Snowflake": 0.330078125,
  "score_Llama_Snowflake": -0.34765625,
  "score_Mistral_Snowflake": -0.390625
}

Origin of the Dataset

This dataset, derived from FineWeb2, includes web content collected from 2013 to 2024. As FineWeb2 is sourced from the broader internet, it may contain some personally identifiable information (PII), despite efforts to anonymize email addresses and public IP addresses during processing. If you discover your own PII in the dataset and wish to have it removed, please complete the FineWeb2 PII Removal/Opt-Out Form.

Webmasters who find their website included in FineWeb2 and want it removed can also use the FineWeb2 PII removal/opt out form.. Note that CommonCrawl adheres to robots.txt during crawling.

Considerations for Data Usage

For information on social impact, potential biases, and known limitations, please refer to the FineWeb2 documentation.

Citation information

If you use this dataset in your research or applications, please use the following citation:

@article{ali2025judging,
    title     = {Judging Quality Across Languages: A Multilingual Approach to Pretraining Data Filtering with Language Models},
    author    = {
      Mehdi Ali,
      Manuel Brack,
      Max Lübbering,
      Elias Wendt,
      Abbas Goher Khan,
      Richard Rutmann,
      Alex Jude,
      Maurice Kraus,
      Alexander Arno Weber,
      Felix Stollenwerk,
      David Kaczér,
      Florian Mai,
      Lucie Flek,
      Rafet Sifa,
      Nicolas Flores-Herr,
      Joachim Köhler,
      Patrick Schramowski,
      Michael Fromm,
      Kristian Kersting
    },
    year      = {2025},
    journal   = {arXiv preprint arXiv:2505:22232}
  }