Jenjamin3000/MNLP_M3_MCQA_before_FT · Datasets at Hugging Face

id stringlengths 6 15	question_type stringclasses 1 value	question stringlengths 15 683	choices listlengths 4 4	answer stringclasses 5 values	explanation stringclasses 481 values
sciq-8283	multiple_choice	Spirals, spheres, and rods are examples of what distinguishing property of bacteria?	[ "function", "color", "shape", "organ" ]	C
ai2_arc-901	multiple_choice	The average rainfall in Nevada is about 7 inches per year. The most likely reason for the low amount of rainfall is the	[ "high elevations of deserts.", "location north of the equator.", "lack of moisture in the air.", "great distance from the ocean." ]	C
sciq-2141	multiple_choice	For the most part, cognitive functions reside where?	[ "the heart", "the spine", "the limbic system", "the cortex" ]	D
sciq-9827	multiple_choice	What do mitochondrions have an inner and outer version of?	[ "Molecule", "Fatty Acids", "membrane", "protein" ]	C
sciq-2332	multiple_choice	What involves the emission of a particle and/or energy as one atom changes into another?	[ "radioactive decay", "atomic transformation", "enthalpy", "spontaneous mutation" ]	A
sciq-10704	multiple_choice	The extent to which a substance may be dissolved in water or another solvent is known as what?	[ "humidity", "flexibility", "solubility", "turbidity" ]	C
sciq-8773	multiple_choice	Carbon dioxide is an example of a material that easily undergoes what?	[ "amplification", "spontaneous mutation", "sublimation", "decomposition" ]	C
sciq-4922	multiple_choice	What is the process by which large particles, such as cells, are taken in by a cell?	[ "active transport", "diffusion", "mitosis", "phagocytosis" ]	D
sciq-3028	multiple_choice	What produces sound waves that travel outward in all directions in water?	[ "ultrasound machines", "echo chamber", "echo sounders", "amplifiers" ]	C
sciq-6168	multiple_choice	What evolutionary process may affect the distribution of a polygenic trait?	[ "artificial selection", "characteristic selection", "natural selection", "flow selection" ]	C
sciq-2375	multiple_choice	Carbon released by burning fossil fuels contributes to what effect in the atmosphere?	[ "cloud effect", "greenhouse effect", "shielding effect", "smog effect" ]	B
sciq-5611	multiple_choice	What is it called when minerals replace the organic material to create fossils?	[ "petrification", "permineralization", "spongin", "carbonization" ]	B
sciq-8520	multiple_choice	What type of scientists study the effects people have on their environment?	[ "environmental scientists", "ecological scientists", "integrated scientists", "biological scientists" ]	A
sciq-9439	multiple_choice	What process does not cause a rock to melt completely, instead causing the minerals to change by heat or pressure?	[ "sedimentation", "metamorphism", "igneous extrusion", "oxidation" ]	B
sciq-9505	multiple_choice	How does bacteria reproduce?	[ "budding", "pollination", "sexual reproduction", "binary fission" ]	D
sciq-4013	multiple_choice	What do heterotrophic animals usually consume?	[ "plants", "other organisms", "soil", "minerals" ]	B
sciq-9117	multiple_choice	What sustains the fetus while it grows inside the mother’s uterus?	[ "mitochondria", "bacteria", "placenta", "endometrium" ]	C
sciq-11185	multiple_choice	What is the the force of attraction that holds together ions?	[ "soluble bond", "magnetic bond", "ionic bond", "covalent bond" ]	C
sciq-2551	multiple_choice	Which part of the body has mucus and hair to trap dust and also warms and moistens air so to not harm lung tissue?	[ "the throat", "the tongue", "the nose", "the ear" ]	C
sciq-1054	multiple_choice	What is the main component of paper, cardboard, and textiles made from cotton, linen, and other plant fibers?	[ "cellulose", "vascular tissue", "pulp", "cambium" ]	A
sciq-7959	multiple_choice	Food chains carry energy from what group to what group?	[ "refiners to consumers", "producers to consumers", "decomposers to producers", "consumers to producers" ]	B
sciq-3488	multiple_choice	Gases such as neon, argon, and krypton produce what using electroluminescence?	[ "colors", "light", "electricity", "heat" ]	B
scienceQA-12509	multiple_choice	Select the fish below.	[ "woodpecker", "green moray eel", "penguin", "fire salamander" ]	B	A fire salamander is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. Fire salamanders can release poison from their skin. This poison helps protect them from predators. A penguin is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak. Penguins live near water. Penguins cannot fly! They use their wings to swim. A woodpecker is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak. Woodpeckers have strong beaks. They use their beaks to drill into wood to hunt for food. A green moray eel is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs. Eels are long and thin. They may have small fins. They look like snakes, but they are fish!
sciq-10100	multiple_choice	What division of the nervous system controls involuntary activities that are not emergencies, such as the digestive organs breaking down food?	[ "somatic nervous system", "posterior division", "central nervous system", "parasympathetic division" ]	D
sciq-7690	multiple_choice	What type of microscope is used to see extremely small objects?	[ "electron microscope", "optical microscope", "ultrasonic microscope", "X-ray microscope" ]	A
sciq-10513	multiple_choice	Toxic compounds in the environment have the most severe impact on animals that are top-level what?	[ "vegetarian", "omnivores", "herbivores", "carnivores" ]	D
sciq-7753	multiple_choice	What occurs when the crests of one wave overlap the troughs, or lowest points, of another wave?	[ "destructive interference", "constructive interference", "harmful interference", "random interference" ]	A
sciq-7367	multiple_choice	Growth, morphogenesis, and cell differentiation produce the plant what?	[ "body", "fur", "tail", "fat" ]	A
sciq-6893	multiple_choice	What produces the centripetal force to keep the earth orbiting the sun?	[ "gravity", "motion", "heat", "weight" ]	A
sciq-8743	multiple_choice	What is the term used to measure the intensity of sound waves?	[ "decibel", "phon", "hertz", "amplitude" ]	A
ai2_arc-514	multiple_choice	Rhinoceroses and horses are related. They have very similar digestive systems and an odd number of toes on their feet. Horses have one toe, and rhinoceroses have three. These facts best support which claim?	[ "Horses and rhinoceroses share a common ancestor.", "Horses and rhinoceroses are genetically identical.", "Horses are the ancestors of modern rhinoceroses.", "Horses have descended from modern rhinoceroses." ]	A
sciq-10995	multiple_choice	What two structures are found on mars?	[ "geysers and canyons", "Mountains and Creeks", "volcanoes and canyons", "Trees and Canyons" ]	C
sciq-11107	multiple_choice	What is the smallest contractile portion of a muscle?	[ "filaments", "cell", "sarcomere", "capillary" ]	C
sciq-11306	multiple_choice	The amount of what entering the eyes helps control the biological clock?	[ "heat", "energy", "air", "light" ]	D
sciq-4915	multiple_choice	What method plays a role in determining the approximate age of the earth and makes use of uranium?	[ "fuel dating", "radioactive dating", "waste dating", "carbon dating" ]	B
scienceQA-7872	multiple_choice	Select the chemical formula for this molecule.	[ "C2Cl4", "CCl4", "CCl", "C2Cl5" ]	B	C is the symbol for carbon. According to the legend, carbon atoms are shown in dark gray. Cl is the symbol for chlorine. According to the legend, chlorine atoms are shown in green. This ball-and-stick model shows a molecule with one carbon atom and four chlorine atoms. The chemical formula will contain the symbols C and Cl. There is one carbon atom, so C will not have a subscript. There are four chlorine atoms, so Cl will have a subscript of 4. The correct formula is CCl4. The diagram below shows how each part of the chemical formula matches with each part of the model above.
sciq-1051	multiple_choice	What can lenses be used to make?	[ "comparison representations", "aspect representations", "function representations", "visual representations" ]	D
sciq-4107	multiple_choice	What makes up the mass number of an atom?	[ "electrons and neutrons", "molecules and electrons", "protons and neutrons", "atoms and neutrons" ]	C
ai2_arc-924	multiple_choice	Researchers work in teams to make cars more fuel efficient. Which of these statements describes the main advantage of working in teams rather than working individually?	[ "The research is more likely to be published.", "The research costs less to perform.", "The researchers can share their ideas.", "The researchers have more time to complete work." ]	C
sciq-1365	multiple_choice	What can demonstrate the decrease in energy, biomass or numbers within an ecosystem?	[ "biomes", "ecological pyramids", "food chains", "spontaneous mutation" ]	B
sciq-5622	multiple_choice	Crowding and resource limitation can have a profound effect on the rate of what?	[ "population stagnation", "population growth", "cultural advances", "technology advances" ]	B
sciq-1112	multiple_choice	The esophagus runs a mainly straight route through the mediastinum of what?	[ "thorax", "liver", "stomach", "lungs" ]	A
sciq-6050	multiple_choice	Cells in a biofilm secrete what to recruit nearby cells?	[ "harnessing molecules", "signaling molecules", "signaling neurons", "signaling proteins" ]	B
sciq-9440	multiple_choice	A disaccharide is a pair of monosaccharides. disaccharides are formed via dehydration synthesis, and the bond linking them is referred to as a glycosidic bond (glyco- = “sugar”). three disaccharides (shown in figure 2.19) are important to humans. these are sucrose, commonly referred to as table sugar; lactose, or milk sugar; and maltose, or this?	[ "sucralose", "fruit sugar", "malt sugar", "saccharin" ]	C
sciq-1513	multiple_choice	What is the colorless gas with a sharp, pungent odor used in smelling salts?	[ "hydrogen", "nitrogen", "ammonia", "helium" ]	C
ai2_arc-377	multiple_choice	Which of these soil changes is due only to natural causes?	[ "Loss of minerals due to farming.", "Deserts forming due to tree cutting.", "Flooding due to dam construction.", "Minerals washing out due to heavy rain." ]	D
scienceQA-4567	multiple_choice	What do these two changes have in common? snowflakes forming in a cloud water boiling on a stove	[ "Both are caused by heating.", "Both are chemical changes.", "Both are only physical changes.", "Both are caused by cooling." ]	C	Step 1: Think about each change. Snowflakes forming in a cloud is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. Liquid water freezes and becomes solid, but it is still made of water. A different type of matter is not formed. Water boiling on the stove is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The liquid changes into a gas, but a different type of matter is not formed. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are physical changes. No new matter is created. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes. Both are caused by heating. Water boiling is caused by heating. But snowflakes forming in a cloud is not. Both are caused by cooling. A snowflake begins to form when a tiny drop of liquid water in a cloud freezes. This is caused by cooling. But water boiling is not.
sciq-5578	multiple_choice	What forms the changing shapes of sand dunes?	[ "magnetism", "humidity", "wind", "temperature" ]	C
sciq-5381	multiple_choice	What group of animals has permeable skin that makes them vulnerable to pollution?	[ "fish", "reptiles", "mammals", "amphibians" ]	D
ai2_arc-428	multiple_choice	Soils change both through natural processes and as a result of human activity. Which of the following soil changes is due only to natural causes?	[ "degradation of nutrients due to pesticides", "formation of deserts due to tree felling", "flooding due to dam construction", "removal of nutrients due to heavy rains" ]	D
sciq-3520	multiple_choice	Despite their name, what scientists study the atmosphere rather than colliding space rocks?	[ "meteorologists", "forecasters", "astronauts", "astronomers" ]	A
ai2_arc-306	multiple_choice	If an experiment results in data that do not support the hypothesis, what is the most likely step to take next?	[ "Change the data to support the hypothesis.", "Perform the experiment without using control groups.", "Make observations and form another testable hypothesis.", "Perform the experiment using a larger number of variables." ]	C
sciq-9928	multiple_choice	Glucose, fructose, and other sugars that have six carbons are called what?	[ "fluxes", "catalysts", "hexoses", "alcohols" ]	C
sciq-4149	multiple_choice	What should a pregnant woman avoid while pregnant?	[ "toxic substances", "rest and relaxation", "vitamins", "healthy food" ]	A
sciq-6963	multiple_choice	In which kind of animals does parthenogenesis occur?	[ "species", "tissues", "mammals", "invertebrates" ]	D
sciq-3423	multiple_choice	Foliation, which forms layers in rocks during metamorphism, is caused by what?	[ "power", "Pulling", "push", "pressure" ]	D
sciq-7404	multiple_choice	What do plasmodesmata connect to in the plant cell?	[ "pores", "sporozoans", "nuclei", "cytoplasms" ]	D
sciq-8217	multiple_choice	Fractures and faults are terms you hear when talking about?	[ "storms", "earthquakes", "volcanoes", "magnets" ]	B
scienceQA-7420	multiple_choice	Select the mammal.	[ "Banggai cardinalfish", "green moray eel", "rabbit", "arroyo toad" ]	C	A green moray eel is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs. Eels are long and thin. They may have small fins. They look like snakes, but they are fish! An arroyo toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. Toads do not have teeth! They swallow their food whole. A rabbit is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk. Rabbits live underground in burrows. A group of rabbit burrows is called a warren. A Banggai cardinalfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs. Cardinalfish often live near coral reefs. They are nocturnal, which means that they are active mostly at night.
sciq-8320	multiple_choice	In which sphere of the atmosphere do the northern and southern lights occur?	[ "stratosphere", "lithosphere", "thermosphere", "ionosphere" ]	C
ai2_arc-797	multiple_choice	In 1783, Europe was unusually cold and foggy. The rain was acidic. Which event most likely caused the unusual climate in Europe that year?	[ "A logging company deforested millions of acres in South America.", "A major earthquake and tsunami changed the path of the Gulf Stream.", "A major volcanic eruption released ash and sulfur gas into the atmosphere.", "An increase in the use of automobiles released more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere." ]	C
sciq-583	multiple_choice	How many years ago may the earliest fungi have evolved?	[ "500 million", ".350 million", ".250 million", "600 million" ]	D
sciq-109	multiple_choice	What species do humans belong to?	[ "hominids", "homo sapiens", "homo erectus", "monkeys" ]	B
sciq-2568	multiple_choice	What feature of the spine helps with flexibility and strength?	[ "curves", "shape", "arrangement", "angle" ]	A
sciq-11467	multiple_choice	What is calculated by subtracting the smallest value from the largest value?	[ "the median", "the sample", "the range", "the density" ]	C
sciq-6762	multiple_choice	What are the cells that break down inorganic molecules to supply energy for the cell, and use carbon dioxide as a carbon source?	[ "fluctuations", "staurikosaurus", "chemoautotrophs", "Sediments" ]	C
ai2_arc-1066	multiple_choice	Runoff from nearby farms can deposit excess amounts of nutrients into bodies of water such as lakes. This abiotic process will most likely cause a decrease in which aspect of a lake?	[ "the depth of the water", "the oxygen levels for fish", "the amount of minerals in the water", "the accumulation of organic matter" ]	B
sciq-1106	multiple_choice	Bones are part of which body system?	[ "skeletal system", "circulation system", "hard system", "muscular system" ]	A
sciq-9897	multiple_choice	What kind of phenotype results in a case of incomplete dominance?	[ "intermediate phenotype", "short phenotype", "backward phenotype", "long phenotype" ]	A
sciq-6285	multiple_choice	What do winter storms develop from at higher latitudes?	[ "temperatures", "clouds", "humidity", "cyclones" ]	D
ai2_arc-918	multiple_choice	Astronomers and biologists study different areas of science. Many astronomers observe far distant objects in the sky. Many biologists study extremely small objects. What do these astronomers and biologists have most in common?	[ "They both examine the history of life on Earth.", "They both make discoveries using optical devices.", "They both study how organisms change over time.", "They both search for evidence about the origins of the universe." ]	B
sciq-3316	multiple_choice	What is name of the phenomenon where similar traits evolve independently in species that do not share a common ancestry?	[ "equation evolution", "divergent evolution", "coalescence evolution", "convergent evolution" ]	D
sciq-4081	multiple_choice	Tubeworms deep in the galapagos rift get their energy from what type of bacteria?	[ "chemosynthetic", "asexual", "sprillia", "filamentous" ]	A
sciq-181	multiple_choice	What are variants of genes called?	[ "mutations", "antigens", "allergens", "alleles" ]	D
sciq-1507	multiple_choice	What is the arch called that forms when plasma of the sun flows along the loop that connects sunspots?	[ "large prominence", "vertical prominence", "Energy prominence.", "solar prominence" ]	D
sciq-8053	multiple_choice	Constriction and dilation allow the circulatory system to change the amount of blood flowing to which body parts?	[ "tissues", "organs", "muscles", "arteries" ]	B
sciq-6239	multiple_choice	What type of radiation from the sun reaches earth across space striking everything on earth’s surface?	[ "static", "seismic", "electromagnetic", "particle" ]	C
sciq-11264	multiple_choice	What is the smallest unit of a chemical element called?	[ "droplet", "nucleus", "cell", "atom" ]	D
sciq-2903	multiple_choice	What occurs when an unstable nucleus emits an alpha particle and energy?	[ "nucleus decay", "alpha radition", "radar decay", "alpha decay" ]	D
sciq-3197	multiple_choice	What is considered the smallest unit of life?	[ "particle", "proteins", "cell", "molecule" ]	C
sciq-552	multiple_choice	When acellular slime molds swarm, they fuse together to form a single cell with many what?	[ "nuclei", "lungs", "cytoplasm", "digestive tracts" ]	A
sciq-6714	multiple_choice	He mass spectrometer measures the percent abundance of different what?	[ "organisms", "Proteins", "isotopes", "reactions" ]	C
sciq-465	multiple_choice	When electrons are shared between two atoms, they make a bond called a what?	[ "ionic bond", "metallic bond", "covalent bond", "hydrogen bond" ]	C
sciq-9670	multiple_choice	Why is gingko biloba planted in public spaces?	[ "resistant to pollution", "self-containing", "self-pollinating", "for xeriscaping" ]	A
sciq-2207	multiple_choice	Protozoa can be classified on the basis of how they?	[ "feel", "smell", "look", "move" ]	D
sciq-8478	multiple_choice	Tree sap enclosing an organism in amber or an organism preserved in tar or ice are actually examples of what?	[ "fuels", "fossils", "corals", "bones" ]	B
sciq-10500	multiple_choice	The diagnosis of a disease or condition before the baby is born is called?	[ "specialized diagnosis", "immature diagnosis", "specific diaganosis", "prenatal diagnosis" ]	D
sciq-6423	multiple_choice	What is the low level of radiation that occurs naturally in the environment called?	[ "temperature radiation", "neon radiation", "background radiation", "consequence radiation" ]	C
sciq-9364	multiple_choice	What is the movement of substances across the membrane without the expenditure of cellular energy called?	[ "active transport", "passive transport", "inner cell transport", "immune transport" ]	B
ai2_arc-285	multiple_choice	All elements found on the left side of the Periodic Table of the Elements have what properties in common?	[ "They are solids at room temperature.", "They don't conduct electricity.", "They are brittle and dull.", "They are radioactive." ]	A
sciq-10412	multiple_choice	What cells carry oxygen?	[ "lymph cells", "red blood cells", "white blood cells", "marrow cells" ]	B
sciq-2559	multiple_choice	What attaches a muscle to a bone?	[ "tendons", "veins", "arteries", "marrow" ]	A
sciq-6020	multiple_choice	The shape of the path of an object undergoing projectile motion is called?	[ "a parabola", "a triangle", "linear", "spherical" ]	A
sciq-1219	multiple_choice	The fetus is connected to what by a tube called the umbilical cord?	[ "Fallopian tube", "Stomach", "Intestines", "placenta" ]	D
sciq-11067	multiple_choice	Which outermost secondary xylem layers transport water?	[ "the farthest", "the narrowest", "the youngest", "the oldest" ]	C
sciq-4328	multiple_choice	Internal resistance, or (electrical) resistance in general, involves the resistance of the flow of what?	[ "force", "water", "protons", "current" ]	D
sciq-10553	multiple_choice	Population growth is determined by rates of birth, death, immigration, and what else?	[ "excitation", "emigration", "exploitation", "relaxation" ]	B
sciq-7766	multiple_choice	What are the cells or structures that detect sensations?	[ "hormones", "proteins", "membranes", "receptors" ]	D
sciq-196	multiple_choice	How many variables are used to describe the condition of a gas?	[ "one", "three", "four", "five" ]	C
sciq-9694	multiple_choice	In living systems, diffusion of substances into and out of cells is mediated by the what membrane?	[ "gas", "fluid", "plasma", "ferment" ]	C

sciq-8283

multiple_choice

Spirals, spheres, and rods are examples of what distinguishing property of bacteria?

[ "function", "color", "shape", "organ" ]

C

ai2_arc-901

multiple_choice

The average rainfall in Nevada is about 7 inches per year. The most likely reason for the low amount of rainfall is the

[ "high elevations of deserts.", "location north of the equator.", "lack of moisture in the air.", "great distance from the ocean." ]

C

sciq-2141

multiple_choice

For the most part, cognitive functions reside where?

[ "the heart", "the spine", "the limbic system", "the cortex" ]

D

sciq-9827

multiple_choice

What do mitochondrions have an inner and outer version of?

[ "Molecule", "Fatty Acids", "membrane", "protein" ]

C

sciq-2332

multiple_choice

What involves the emission of a particle and/or energy as one atom changes into another?

[ "radioactive decay", "atomic transformation", "enthalpy", "spontaneous mutation" ]

A

sciq-10704

multiple_choice

The extent to which a substance may be dissolved in water or another solvent is known as what?

[ "humidity", "flexibility", "solubility", "turbidity" ]

C

sciq-8773

multiple_choice

Carbon dioxide is an example of a material that easily undergoes what?

[ "amplification", "spontaneous mutation", "sublimation", "decomposition" ]

C

sciq-4922

multiple_choice

What is the process by which large particles, such as cells, are taken in by a cell?

[ "active transport", "diffusion", "mitosis", "phagocytosis" ]

D

sciq-3028

multiple_choice

What produces sound waves that travel outward in all directions in water?

[ "ultrasound machines", "echo chamber", "echo sounders", "amplifiers" ]

C

sciq-6168

multiple_choice

What evolutionary process may affect the distribution of a polygenic trait?

[ "artificial selection", "characteristic selection", "natural selection", "flow selection" ]

C

sciq-2375

multiple_choice

Carbon released by burning fossil fuels contributes to what effect in the atmosphere?

[ "cloud effect", "greenhouse effect", "shielding effect", "smog effect" ]

B

sciq-5611

multiple_choice

What is it called when minerals replace the organic material to create fossils?

[ "petrification", "permineralization", "spongin", "carbonization" ]

B

sciq-8520

multiple_choice

What type of scientists study the effects people have on their environment?

[ "environmental scientists", "ecological scientists", "integrated scientists", "biological scientists" ]

A

sciq-9439

multiple_choice

What process does not cause a rock to melt completely, instead causing the minerals to change by heat or pressure?

[ "sedimentation", "metamorphism", "igneous extrusion", "oxidation" ]

B

sciq-9505

multiple_choice

How does bacteria reproduce?

[ "budding", "pollination", "sexual reproduction", "binary fission" ]

D

sciq-4013

multiple_choice

What do heterotrophic animals usually consume?

[ "plants", "other organisms", "soil", "minerals" ]

B

sciq-9117

multiple_choice

What sustains the fetus while it grows inside the mother’s uterus?

[ "mitochondria", "bacteria", "placenta", "endometrium" ]

C

sciq-11185

multiple_choice

What is the the force of attraction that holds together ions?

[ "soluble bond", "magnetic bond", "ionic bond", "covalent bond" ]

C

sciq-2551

multiple_choice

Which part of the body has mucus and hair to trap dust and also warms and moistens air so to not harm lung tissue?

[ "the throat", "the tongue", "the nose", "the ear" ]

C

sciq-1054

multiple_choice

What is the main component of paper, cardboard, and textiles made from cotton, linen, and other plant fibers?

[ "cellulose", "vascular tissue", "pulp", "cambium" ]

A

sciq-7959

multiple_choice

Food chains carry energy from what group to what group?

[ "refiners to consumers", "producers to consumers", "decomposers to producers", "consumers to producers" ]

B

sciq-3488

multiple_choice

Gases such as neon, argon, and krypton produce what using electroluminescence?

[ "colors", "light", "electricity", "heat" ]

B

scienceQA-12509

multiple_choice

Select the fish below.

[ "woodpecker", "green moray eel", "penguin", "fire salamander" ]

B

A fire salamander is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. Fire salamanders can release poison from their skin. This poison helps protect them from predators. A penguin is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak. Penguins live near water. Penguins cannot fly! They use their wings to swim. A woodpecker is a bird. It has feathers, two wings, and a beak. Woodpeckers have strong beaks. They use their beaks to drill into wood to hunt for food. A green moray eel is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs. Eels are long and thin. They may have small fins. They look like snakes, but they are fish!

sciq-10100

multiple_choice

What division of the nervous system controls involuntary activities that are not emergencies, such as the digestive organs breaking down food?

[ "somatic nervous system", "posterior division", "central nervous system", "parasympathetic division" ]

D

sciq-7690

multiple_choice

What type of microscope is used to see extremely small objects?

[ "electron microscope", "optical microscope", "ultrasonic microscope", "X-ray microscope" ]

A

sciq-10513

multiple_choice

Toxic compounds in the environment have the most severe impact on animals that are top-level what?

[ "vegetarian", "omnivores", "herbivores", "carnivores" ]

D

sciq-7753

multiple_choice

What occurs when the crests of one wave overlap the troughs, or lowest points, of another wave?

[ "destructive interference", "constructive interference", "harmful interference", "random interference" ]

A

sciq-7367

multiple_choice

Growth, morphogenesis, and cell differentiation produce the plant what?

[ "body", "fur", "tail", "fat" ]

A

sciq-6893

multiple_choice

What produces the centripetal force to keep the earth orbiting the sun?

[ "gravity", "motion", "heat", "weight" ]

A

sciq-8743

multiple_choice

What is the term used to measure the intensity of sound waves?

[ "decibel", "phon", "hertz", "amplitude" ]

A

ai2_arc-514

multiple_choice

Rhinoceroses and horses are related. They have very similar digestive systems and an odd number of toes on their feet. Horses have one toe, and rhinoceroses have three. These facts best support which claim?

[ "Horses and rhinoceroses share a common ancestor.", "Horses and rhinoceroses are genetically identical.", "Horses are the ancestors of modern rhinoceroses.", "Horses have descended from modern rhinoceroses." ]

A

sciq-10995

multiple_choice

What two structures are found on mars?

[ "geysers and canyons", "Mountains and Creeks", "volcanoes and canyons", "Trees and Canyons" ]

C

sciq-11107

multiple_choice

What is the smallest contractile portion of a muscle?

[ "filaments", "cell", "sarcomere", "capillary" ]

C

sciq-11306

multiple_choice

The amount of what entering the eyes helps control the biological clock?

[ "heat", "energy", "air", "light" ]

D

sciq-4915

multiple_choice

What method plays a role in determining the approximate age of the earth and makes use of uranium?

[ "fuel dating", "radioactive dating", "waste dating", "carbon dating" ]

B

scienceQA-7872

multiple_choice

Select the chemical formula for this molecule.

[ "C2Cl4", "CCl4", "CCl", "C2Cl5" ]

B

C is the symbol for carbon. According to the legend, carbon atoms are shown in dark gray. Cl is the symbol for chlorine. According to the legend, chlorine atoms are shown in green. This ball-and-stick model shows a molecule with one carbon atom and four chlorine atoms. The chemical formula will contain the symbols C and Cl. There is one carbon atom, so C will not have a subscript. There are four chlorine atoms, so Cl will have a subscript of 4. The correct formula is CCl4. The diagram below shows how each part of the chemical formula matches with each part of the model above.

sciq-1051

multiple_choice

What can lenses be used to make?

[ "comparison representations", "aspect representations", "function representations", "visual representations" ]

D

sciq-4107

multiple_choice

What makes up the mass number of an atom?

[ "electrons and neutrons", "molecules and electrons", "protons and neutrons", "atoms and neutrons" ]

C

ai2_arc-924

multiple_choice

Researchers work in teams to make cars more fuel efficient. Which of these statements describes the main advantage of working in teams rather than working individually?

[ "The research is more likely to be published.", "The research costs less to perform.", "The researchers can share their ideas.", "The researchers have more time to complete work." ]

C

sciq-1365

multiple_choice

What can demonstrate the decrease in energy, biomass or numbers within an ecosystem?

[ "biomes", "ecological pyramids", "food chains", "spontaneous mutation" ]

B

sciq-5622

multiple_choice

Crowding and resource limitation can have a profound effect on the rate of what?

[ "population stagnation", "population growth", "cultural advances", "technology advances" ]

B

sciq-1112

multiple_choice

The esophagus runs a mainly straight route through the mediastinum of what?

[ "thorax", "liver", "stomach", "lungs" ]

A

sciq-6050

multiple_choice

Cells in a biofilm secrete what to recruit nearby cells?

[ "harnessing molecules", "signaling molecules", "signaling neurons", "signaling proteins" ]

B

sciq-9440

multiple_choice

A disaccharide is a pair of monosaccharides. disaccharides are formed via dehydration synthesis, and the bond linking them is referred to as a glycosidic bond (glyco- = “sugar”). three disaccharides (shown in figure 2.19) are important to humans. these are sucrose, commonly referred to as table sugar; lactose, or milk sugar; and maltose, or this?

[ "sucralose", "fruit sugar", "malt sugar", "saccharin" ]

C

sciq-1513

multiple_choice

What is the colorless gas with a sharp, pungent odor used in smelling salts?

[ "hydrogen", "nitrogen", "ammonia", "helium" ]

C

ai2_arc-377

multiple_choice

Which of these soil changes is due only to natural causes?

[ "Loss of minerals due to farming.", "Deserts forming due to tree cutting.", "Flooding due to dam construction.", "Minerals washing out due to heavy rain." ]

D

scienceQA-4567

multiple_choice

What do these two changes have in common? snowflakes forming in a cloud water boiling on a stove

[ "Both are caused by heating.", "Both are chemical changes.", "Both are only physical changes.", "Both are caused by cooling." ]

C

Step 1: Think about each change. Snowflakes forming in a cloud is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. Liquid water freezes and becomes solid, but it is still made of water. A different type of matter is not formed. Water boiling on the stove is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The liquid changes into a gas, but a different type of matter is not formed. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are physical changes. No new matter is created. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes. Both are caused by heating. Water boiling is caused by heating. But snowflakes forming in a cloud is not. Both are caused by cooling. A snowflake begins to form when a tiny drop of liquid water in a cloud freezes. This is caused by cooling. But water boiling is not.

sciq-5578

multiple_choice

What forms the changing shapes of sand dunes?

[ "magnetism", "humidity", "wind", "temperature" ]

C

sciq-5381

multiple_choice

What group of animals has permeable skin that makes them vulnerable to pollution?

[ "fish", "reptiles", "mammals", "amphibians" ]

D

ai2_arc-428

multiple_choice

Soils change both through natural processes and as a result of human activity. Which of the following soil changes is due only to natural causes?

[ "degradation of nutrients due to pesticides", "formation of deserts due to tree felling", "flooding due to dam construction", "removal of nutrients due to heavy rains" ]

D

sciq-3520

multiple_choice

Despite their name, what scientists study the atmosphere rather than colliding space rocks?

[ "meteorologists", "forecasters", "astronauts", "astronomers" ]

A

ai2_arc-306

multiple_choice

If an experiment results in data that do not support the hypothesis, what is the most likely step to take next?

[ "Change the data to support the hypothesis.", "Perform the experiment without using control groups.", "Make observations and form another testable hypothesis.", "Perform the experiment using a larger number of variables." ]

C

sciq-9928

multiple_choice

Glucose, fructose, and other sugars that have six carbons are called what?

[ "fluxes", "catalysts", "hexoses", "alcohols" ]

C

sciq-4149

multiple_choice

What should a pregnant woman avoid while pregnant?

[ "toxic substances", "rest and relaxation", "vitamins", "healthy food" ]

A

sciq-6963

multiple_choice

In which kind of animals does parthenogenesis occur?

[ "species", "tissues", "mammals", "invertebrates" ]

D

sciq-3423

multiple_choice

Foliation, which forms layers in rocks during metamorphism, is caused by what?

[ "power", "Pulling", "push", "pressure" ]

D

sciq-7404

multiple_choice

What do plasmodesmata connect to in the plant cell?

[ "pores", "sporozoans", "nuclei", "cytoplasms" ]

D

sciq-8217

multiple_choice

Fractures and faults are terms you hear when talking about?

[ "storms", "earthquakes", "volcanoes", "magnets" ]

B

scienceQA-7420

multiple_choice

Select the mammal.

[ "Banggai cardinalfish", "green moray eel", "rabbit", "arroyo toad" ]

C

A green moray eel is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs. Eels are long and thin. They may have small fins. They look like snakes, but they are fish! An arroyo toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. Toads do not have teeth! They swallow their food whole. A rabbit is a mammal. It has fur and feeds its young milk. Rabbits live underground in burrows. A group of rabbit burrows is called a warren. A Banggai cardinalfish is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs. Cardinalfish often live near coral reefs. They are nocturnal, which means that they are active mostly at night.

sciq-8320

multiple_choice

In which sphere of the atmosphere do the northern and southern lights occur?

[ "stratosphere", "lithosphere", "thermosphere", "ionosphere" ]

C

ai2_arc-797

multiple_choice

In 1783, Europe was unusually cold and foggy. The rain was acidic. Which event most likely caused the unusual climate in Europe that year?

[ "A logging company deforested millions of acres in South America.", "A major earthquake and tsunami changed the path of the Gulf Stream.", "A major volcanic eruption released ash and sulfur gas into the atmosphere.", "An increase in the use of automobiles released more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere." ]

C

sciq-583

multiple_choice

How many years ago may the earliest fungi have evolved?

[ "500 million", ".350 million", ".250 million", "600 million" ]

D

sciq-109

multiple_choice

What species do humans belong to?

[ "hominids", "homo sapiens", "homo erectus", "monkeys" ]

B

sciq-2568

multiple_choice

What feature of the spine helps with flexibility and strength?

[ "curves", "shape", "arrangement", "angle" ]

A

sciq-11467

multiple_choice

What is calculated by subtracting the smallest value from the largest value?

[ "the median", "the sample", "the range", "the density" ]

C

sciq-6762

multiple_choice

What are the cells that break down inorganic molecules to supply energy for the cell, and use carbon dioxide as a carbon source?

[ "fluctuations", "staurikosaurus", "chemoautotrophs", "Sediments" ]

C

ai2_arc-1066

multiple_choice

Runoff from nearby farms can deposit excess amounts of nutrients into bodies of water such as lakes. This abiotic process will most likely cause a decrease in which aspect of a lake?

[ "the depth of the water", "the oxygen levels for fish", "the amount of minerals in the water", "the accumulation of organic matter" ]

B

sciq-1106

multiple_choice

Bones are part of which body system?

[ "skeletal system", "circulation system", "hard system", "muscular system" ]

A

sciq-9897

multiple_choice

What kind of phenotype results in a case of incomplete dominance?

[ "intermediate phenotype", "short phenotype", "backward phenotype", "long phenotype" ]

A

sciq-6285

multiple_choice

What do winter storms develop from at higher latitudes?

[ "temperatures", "clouds", "humidity", "cyclones" ]

D

ai2_arc-918

multiple_choice

Astronomers and biologists study different areas of science. Many astronomers observe far distant objects in the sky. Many biologists study extremely small objects. What do these astronomers and biologists have most in common?

[ "They both examine the history of life on Earth.", "They both make discoveries using optical devices.", "They both study how organisms change over time.", "They both search for evidence about the origins of the universe." ]

B

sciq-3316

multiple_choice

What is name of the phenomenon where similar traits evolve independently in species that do not share a common ancestry?

[ "equation evolution", "divergent evolution", "coalescence evolution", "convergent evolution" ]

D

sciq-4081

multiple_choice

Tubeworms deep in the galapagos rift get their energy from what type of bacteria?

[ "chemosynthetic", "asexual", "sprillia", "filamentous" ]

A

sciq-181

multiple_choice

What are variants of genes called?

[ "mutations", "antigens", "allergens", "alleles" ]

D

sciq-1507

multiple_choice

What is the arch called that forms when plasma of the sun flows along the loop that connects sunspots?

[ "large prominence", "vertical prominence", "Energy prominence.", "solar prominence" ]

D

sciq-8053

multiple_choice

Constriction and dilation allow the circulatory system to change the amount of blood flowing to which body parts?

[ "tissues", "organs", "muscles", "arteries" ]

B

sciq-6239

multiple_choice

What type of radiation from the sun reaches earth across space striking everything on earth’s surface?

[ "static", "seismic", "electromagnetic", "particle" ]

C

sciq-11264

multiple_choice

What is the smallest unit of a chemical element called?

[ "droplet", "nucleus", "cell", "atom" ]

D

sciq-2903

multiple_choice

What occurs when an unstable nucleus emits an alpha particle and energy?

[ "nucleus decay", "alpha radition", "radar decay", "alpha decay" ]

D

sciq-3197

multiple_choice

What is considered the smallest unit of life?

[ "particle", "proteins", "cell", "molecule" ]

C

sciq-552

multiple_choice

When acellular slime molds swarm, they fuse together to form a single cell with many what?

[ "nuclei", "lungs", "cytoplasm", "digestive tracts" ]

A

sciq-6714

multiple_choice

He mass spectrometer measures the percent abundance of different what?

[ "organisms", "Proteins", "isotopes", "reactions" ]

C

sciq-465

multiple_choice

When electrons are shared between two atoms, they make a bond called a what?

[ "ionic bond", "metallic bond", "covalent bond", "hydrogen bond" ]

C

sciq-9670

multiple_choice

Why is gingko biloba planted in public spaces?

[ "resistant to pollution", "self-containing", "self-pollinating", "for xeriscaping" ]

A

sciq-2207

multiple_choice

Protozoa can be classified on the basis of how they?

[ "feel", "smell", "look", "move" ]

D

sciq-8478

multiple_choice

Tree sap enclosing an organism in amber or an organism preserved in tar or ice are actually examples of what?

[ "fuels", "fossils", "corals", "bones" ]

B

sciq-10500

multiple_choice

The diagnosis of a disease or condition before the baby is born is called?

[ "specialized diagnosis", "immature diagnosis", "specific diaganosis", "prenatal diagnosis" ]

D

sciq-6423

multiple_choice

What is the low level of radiation that occurs naturally in the environment called?

[ "temperature radiation", "neon radiation", "background radiation", "consequence radiation" ]

C

sciq-9364

multiple_choice

What is the movement of substances across the membrane without the expenditure of cellular energy called?

[ "active transport", "passive transport", "inner cell transport", "immune transport" ]

B

ai2_arc-285

multiple_choice

All elements found on the left side of the Periodic Table of the Elements have what properties in common?

[ "They are solids at room temperature.", "They don't conduct electricity.", "They are brittle and dull.", "They are radioactive." ]

A

sciq-10412

multiple_choice

What cells carry oxygen?

[ "lymph cells", "red blood cells", "white blood cells", "marrow cells" ]

B

sciq-2559

multiple_choice

What attaches a muscle to a bone?

[ "tendons", "veins", "arteries", "marrow" ]

A

sciq-6020

multiple_choice

The shape of the path of an object undergoing projectile motion is called?

[ "a parabola", "a triangle", "linear", "spherical" ]

A

sciq-1219

multiple_choice

The fetus is connected to what by a tube called the umbilical cord?

[ "Fallopian tube", "Stomach", "Intestines", "placenta" ]

D

sciq-11067

multiple_choice

Which outermost secondary xylem layers transport water?

[ "the farthest", "the narrowest", "the youngest", "the oldest" ]

C

sciq-4328

multiple_choice

Internal resistance, or (electrical) resistance in general, involves the resistance of the flow of what?

[ "force", "water", "protons", "current" ]

D

sciq-10553

multiple_choice

Population growth is determined by rates of birth, death, immigration, and what else?

[ "excitation", "emigration", "exploitation", "relaxation" ]

B

sciq-7766

multiple_choice

What are the cells or structures that detect sensations?

[ "hormones", "proteins", "membranes", "receptors" ]

D

sciq-196

multiple_choice

How many variables are used to describe the condition of a gas?

[ "one", "three", "four", "five" ]

C

sciq-9694

multiple_choice

In living systems, diffusion of substances into and out of cells is mediated by the what membrane?

[ "gas", "fluid", "plasma", "ferment" ]

C