Jenjamin3000/MNLP_M3_MCQA_before_FT · Datasets at Hugging Face

id stringlengths 6 15	question_type stringclasses 1 value	question stringlengths 15 683	choices listlengths 4 4	answer stringclasses 5 values	explanation stringclasses 481 values
sciq-9242	multiple_choice	In drosophila, gradients of morphogens encoded by maternal effect genes determine what?	[ "body mass", "cell mass", "body axes", "cells axes" ]	C
sciq-5103	multiple_choice	Plants and algae maintain the atmosphere. during photosynthesis, they add oxygen and remove what?	[ "nitrogen", "methane", "water", "carbon dioxide" ]	D
sciq-3701	multiple_choice	The number of particles of a substance in a given volume is known as?	[ "range", "frequency", "concentration", "mass" ]	C
sciq-2360	multiple_choice	Poetically speaking, nature reserves are islands of what, in a sea of habitat degraded by human activity?	[ "biodiversity", "ecosystem", "refuge", "habitats" ]	A
sciq-9143	multiple_choice	Categorized based on how they produce their mrna using the baltimore classification method, what consist of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid with or without an outer lipid envelope?	[ "parasites", "amphibians", "viruses", "bacteria" ]	C
sciq-8174	multiple_choice	In the humid subtropical climate, summers are ____ but winters are very cold.	[ "dry", "long", "wet", "windy" ]	C
ai2_arc-251	multiple_choice	Which best determines the number of wolves that can live in an area?	[ "the amount of snow in the area each year", "the number of birds that live in the area", "the number of trees in the area", "the amount of food available in the area" ]	D
sciq-1320	multiple_choice	Volcanoes can be active, dormant, or what else?	[ "extinct", "still", "burgeoning", "remnant" ]	A
sciq-1357	multiple_choice	In a food chain, what group of organisms breaks down animal remains and wastes to get energy?	[ "producers", "decomposers", "primary consumers", "detritivores" ]	B
sciq-4053	multiple_choice	Interactions between plants and other organisms result in cycling of chemical nutrients within what?	[ "air", "habitat", "ecosystem", "water" ]	C
sciq-1392	multiple_choice	The colloquial term "ribbon worm" refers to the mostly marine species of what phylum?	[ "lophophorata", "nematoida", "nemertea", "gnathifera" ]	C
sciq-2101	multiple_choice	Injuries can be prevented by getting proper what?	[ "drugs and food", "rest and recovery", "water and clothing", "exercise and training" ]	B
sciq-10722	multiple_choice	What is the name for membrane-bound sacs that function in storage and transport?	[ "alleles", "cells", "tubules", "vacuoles" ]	D
ai2_arc-923	multiple_choice	Which of these methods of energy resource acquisition has the least effect on the lithosphere?	[ "surface mining for uranium", "pumping oil from under water", "harvesting wood by selective cutting", "collecting natural gas from old oil wells" ]	C
sciq-8255	multiple_choice	All species of crocodilians have similar body structures, including an elongated snout, powerful jaws, muscular tail, large protective scales, streamlined body, and eyes and nostrils that are positioned on what?	[ "below the neck", "back of head", "top of head", "side of head" ]	C
sciq-2830	multiple_choice	Most tissues regulated by the autonomic nervous system receive both sympathetic and parasympathetic input from?	[ "peristaltic neurons", "Chemosensory center", "parasympathetic neurons", "postganglionic neurons" ]	D
sciq-8118	multiple_choice	What kind of energy is released when the thermochemical reaction of a campfire converts wood to carbon dioxide and water?	[ "smoke", "heat", "light", "ultraviolet" ]	B
sciq-7626	multiple_choice	As a cell grows, its volume increases more quickly than its what?	[ "surface area", "weight", "density", "age" ]	A
sciq-3763	multiple_choice	There are about 50,000 vertebrate species, and they are placed in how many different classes?	[ "three", "ten", "four", "nine" ]	D
ai2_arc-873	multiple_choice	Approximately how many times does the Moon revolve around Earth during one revolution of Earth around the Sun?	[ "1", "12", "28", "365" ]	B
sciq-4934	multiple_choice	What is the average kinetic energy of particles of matter?	[ "friction", "temperature", "magnetism", "momentum" ]	B
sciq-3228	multiple_choice	When waves are reflected at the same angle, what is it called?	[ "field of view", "angle of reflection", "refraction", "phenomenon of reflection" ]	B
sciq-3672	multiple_choice	What creates wet and dry zones at different latitudes?	[ "trade winds", "horse latitudes", "jet stream", "global air currents" ]	D
sciq-1353	multiple_choice	When a seed is produced by apomixis, the embryo develops without what?	[ "infection", "fertilization", "stimulation", "infection" ]	B
scienceQA-11683	multiple_choice	Select the fish below.	[ "eastern newt", "tokay gecko", "gray tree frog", "hammerhead shark" ]	D	A gray tree frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. There are many kinds of tree frogs. Most tree frogs are very small. They can walk on thin branches. An eastern newt is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. Some newts live in water. Other newts live on land but lay their eggs in water. A tokay gecko is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin. Many geckos have special pads on their toes. The pads help them climb up plants and rocks. A hammerhead shark is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs. Hammerhead sharks get their names from the shape of their heads. They have a wide, flat head and a small mouth.
sciq-6604	multiple_choice	If pollination and fertilization occur, a diploid zygote forms within an ovule, located where	[ "testicle", "bladder", "ovary", "uterus" ]	C
sciq-1959	multiple_choice	Vertebrates have evolved more complex digestive systems, with some species having multi-chambered types of what organ?	[ "heart", "skin", "respiratory", "stomach" ]	D
sciq-4986	multiple_choice	What are the key cells in the immune response?	[ "lymphocytes", "leukocytes", "erythrocytes", "keratinocytes" ]	A
sciq-3798	multiple_choice	What do you call the system of glands that release chemical messenger molecules into the bloodstream?	[ "nervous system", "limbic system", "homeostasis system", "endocrine system" ]	D
scienceQA-10875	multiple_choice	Select the mammal.	[ "human", "American toad", "alpine newt", "green frog" ]	A	An American toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. Toads do not have teeth! They swallow their food whole. An alpine newt is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. Some newts live in water. Other newts live on land but lay their eggs in water. A human is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk. Humans are a type of animal called a primate. Monkeys and apes are also primates. A green frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. Frogs live near water or in damp places. Most frogs lay their eggs in water.
sciq-7650	multiple_choice	Are scissors simple or compound machines?	[ "simple", "lever", "compound", "neither" ]	C
sciq-723	multiple_choice	What is the combination of tissues that provides a tough, woody external covering on the stems of trees called?	[ "bark", "epidermis", "scale", "cuticle" ]	A
sciq-7537	multiple_choice	Body waves and surface waves are the two major types of what, which occur during earthquakes?	[ "sound waves", "tidal waves", "current waves", "seismic waves" ]	D
sciq-4321	multiple_choice	Beaches and deserts collect large deposits of what?	[ "plants", "animals", "sand", "water" ]	C
sciq-1369	multiple_choice	In the lungs, oxygen diffuses out of the alveoli and into where?	[ "neurons", "cillia", "capillaries", "blood" ]	C
ai2_arc-655	multiple_choice	A parent and a child share several characteristics. Both individuals are tall, have curly hair, are good cooks, and have freckles. Which of these characteristics is a learned behavior?	[ "being tall", "having curly hair", "being a good cook", "having freckles" ]	C
sciq-8193	multiple_choice	Which type of weathering causes changes int he rocks materials, chemical or mechanical?	[ "liquid", "nuclear", "chemical", "mineral" ]	C
sciq-7409	multiple_choice	Why does the body react to a loss of chloride ions?	[ "increased bicarbonate reabsorption", "decreased tricarbonate reabsorption", "increased tricarbonate reabsorption", "decreased bicarbonate reabsorption" ]	A
sciq-6027	multiple_choice	What diagnostic technology uses high-frequency vibrations transmitted into any tissue in contact with the transducer?	[ "ultrasound", "radiation", "sonar", "laser" ]	A
sciq-543	multiple_choice	When the number of active receptors falls below that threshold, what happens to the cellular response?	[ "it ceases", "it increases", "it stabilizes", "it responds" ]	A
scienceQA-12085	multiple_choice	What do these two changes have in common? picking up a paper clip with a magnet breaking a ceramic plate	[ "Both are caused by heating.", "Both are chemical changes.", "Both are only physical changes.", "Both are caused by cooling." ]	C	Step 1: Think about each change. Picking up a paper clip with a magnet is a physical change. The paper clip sticks to the magnet, but it is still made of the same type of matter. Breaking a ceramic plate is a physical change. The plate gets broken into pieces. But each piece is still made of the same type of matter. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are physical changes. No new matter is created. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes. Both are caused by heating. Neither change is caused by heating. Both are caused by cooling. Neither change is caused by cooling.
sciq-1964	multiple_choice	Is the most basic what is the most basic of the sciences, concerning itself with energy, matter, space and time, and their interactions?	[ "experiments", "biology", "physics", "genetics" ]	C
sciq-11202	multiple_choice	All waves are the way energy travels through what?	[ "vacuums", "space", "matter", "time" ]	C
sciq-5833	multiple_choice	What is the smallest class of elements?	[ "noble gases", "synthetics", "metalloids", "halogens" ]	C
sciq-6158	multiple_choice	What is the hormone produced in high-stress situations?	[ "testosterone", "adrenalin", "somatostatin", "thyroxine" ]	B
sciq-5072	multiple_choice	Fine-grained mud in the deep ocean comes from silts and clays brought from the land by?	[ "wind", "water", "fire", "waves" ]	A
sciq-8236	multiple_choice	What is the name for the male gamete?	[ "chromatid", "egg", "sperm", "ova" ]	C
sciq-684	multiple_choice	The fight or flight response involves what system?	[ "voluntary nervous system", "cellular nervous system", "autonomic nervous system", "functional nervous system" ]	C
sciq-4848	multiple_choice	Technetium is named after the greektechnikos, meaning “artificial,” because all its isotopes are what?	[ "neutral", "plastic", "rare", "radioactive" ]	D
sciq-2819	multiple_choice	Chytridiomycota are considered the most primitive of what kingdom?	[ "protists", "plants", "animals", "fungi" ]	D
sciq-9948	multiple_choice	Many innovative farming methods can prevent what type of erosion, which is especially important in agriculture?	[ "soil erosion", "plains erosion", "fertilizer erosion", "vegetable erosion" ]	A
scienceQA-1474	multiple_choice	What do these two changes have in common? sewing an apron mixing sand and water	[ "Both are chemical changes.", "Both are only physical changes.", "Both are caused by heating.", "Both are caused by cooling." ]	B	Step 1: Think about each change. Sewing an apron is a physical change. The fabric and thread that make up the apron get a new shape, but the type of matter in each of them does not change. Mixing sand and water is a physical change. Adding water makes the sand wet. But both the sand and water are still made of the same type of matter as before. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are physical changes. No new matter is created. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes. Both are caused by heating. Neither change is caused by heating. Both are caused by cooling. Neither change is caused by cooling.
sciq-2317	multiple_choice	Ultraviolet radiation has the highest energy; which has the lowest?	[ "nuclear", "kinetic", "infrared", "thermal" ]	C
sciq-10382	multiple_choice	The hormone androgen increases aggressiveness and promotes what type of behaviors?	[ "asexual", "cognitive", "nervous", "sexual" ]	D
scienceQA-7850	multiple_choice	Select the vertebrate.	[ "mole", "hissing cockroach", "fly", "grasshopper" ]	A	A fly is an insect. Like other insects, a fly is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton. A grasshopper is an insect. Like other insects, a grasshopper is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton. A mole is a mammal. Like other mammals, a mole is a vertebrate. It has a backbone. A hissing cockroach is an insect. Like other insects, a hissing cockroach is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.
sciq-5021	multiple_choice	When does exchange of dna segments happen between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes?	[ "during crossing-over", "during diversion", "during meiosis", "during mitosis" ]	A
sciq-9213	multiple_choice	Spores are the basic reproductive units of what organism?	[ "tropical plants", "fungi", "yeast", "mushrooms" ]	B
sciq-64	multiple_choice	Fungi may form mutualistic relationships with plants, algae, cyanobacteria, and what?	[ "animals", "plants", "eggs", "farmers" ]	A
sciq-11367	multiple_choice	Volume is another way of measuring what?	[ "length", "material", "weight", "height" ]	B
sciq-11512	multiple_choice	What type of mammal gives birth to young that need to develop further in the mother's pouch after birth?	[ "whales", "aborigines", "humans", "marsupials" ]	D
sciq-11464	multiple_choice	What energy is stored in a person or object?	[ "potential energy", "kinetic energy", "mechanical energy", "stored energy" ]	A
sciq-11171	multiple_choice	What is located beneath the lithosphere?	[ "asthenosphere", "magnetosphere", "hydropshere", "troposphere" ]	A
sciq-7104	multiple_choice	Chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis are examples of which type of sti?	[ "incurable", "non-contagious", "bacterial", "viral" ]	C
sciq-2104	multiple_choice	What is the name for the transfer of thermal energy between particles of matter that are touching?	[ "induction", "activation", "convection", "conduction" ]	D
sciq-7463	multiple_choice	Eight of the hottest years on record have occurred since what year?	[ "1991", "1998", "2002", "1997" ]	B
sciq-394	multiple_choice	Atoms of the same element that have different masses are called what?	[ "radioactive", "variations", "mutations", "isotopes" ]	D
sciq-2541	multiple_choice	Polar molecules result from differences in electronegativity of what in the molecule?	[ "atoms", "iron", "protons", "ions" ]	A
sciq-623	multiple_choice	Looking directly at what celestial object can cause blindness?	[ "Haley's Comet", "earth", "sun", "Moon" ]	C
sciq-6174	multiple_choice	How does deeper material cause convection in the mantle?	[ "remains stable", "rises then sinks", "folds", "sinks then rises" ]	B
sciq-7173	multiple_choice	Which parasite causes downy mildew in grape plants?	[ "taphrina confusa", "epichloe typhina", "chrysomyxa ledi", "plasmopara viticola" ]	D
sciq-7947	multiple_choice	"cardio" has become slang for what type of exercise that raises your heart rate for an extended amount of time?	[ "aerobic", "anaerobic", "kinetic", "cyclical" ]	A
sciq-7913	multiple_choice	What type of plant keeps it green leaves year-round?	[ "conifer", "deciduous", "evergreen plant", "cactus" ]	C
sciq-6085	multiple_choice	What natural process is associated with the death of cells?	[ "reducing", "aging", "cooling", "dissolving" ]	B
sciq-345	multiple_choice	What is the rising and sinking of warm and cooler material called?	[ "convection", "depression", "conveyance", "diffusion" ]	A
sciq-2924	multiple_choice	How does carbon dioxide chemically weather rocks?	[ "by creating water", "by creating proteins", "by creating heat", "by creating acids" ]	D
sciq-3443	multiple_choice	What do covalent bonds give atoms a more stable arrangement of?	[ "electrons", "protons", "neutrons", "cell walls" ]	A
sciq-3456	multiple_choice	Which type of diabetes involves the pancreas not secreting enough insulin, which causes high levels of glucose in the blood?	[ "type 1", "type 2", "non typical", "type 3" ]	A
ai2_arc-916	multiple_choice	Many people throw away almost five pounds of trash each day. How could everyone decrease the amount of trash thrown away daily?	[ "recycle materials", "use more products", "put the trash in a landfill", "pick up the trash on the ground" ]	A
sciq-9161	multiple_choice	Metabolic cooperation between different prokaryotic species often occurs in surface-coating colonies. what are these colonies called?	[ "biofilms", "lichens", "plankton", "eukaryotes" ]	A
ai2_arc-793	multiple_choice	There are four stages to the life cycle of a butterfly: adult, pupa, egg, and caterpillar. Which of these occurs first?	[ "egg", "adult", "pupa", "caterpillar" ]	A
sciq-9538	multiple_choice	What is a simple sugar such as fructose or glucose?	[ "monosaccharide", "disaccharide", "galactose", "polysaccharides" ]	A
sciq-11257	multiple_choice	Helicopter pilots can recover from piloting errors by decreasing altitude, turning some of their potential energy into what kind of energy?	[ "kinetic", "active", "electrical", "free" ]	A
sciq-6365	multiple_choice	A plant is composed of two main types of tissue: meristematic tissue and what other kind of tissue?	[ "synovial tissue", "nonvascular tissue", "permanent tissue", "muscle tissue" ]	C
sciq-8142	multiple_choice	How many pairs of legs do arachnids have?	[ "ten", "8", "4", "6" ]	C
ai2_arc-498	multiple_choice	What is the most common element found in the compounds that make up ocean water?	[ "nitrogen", "oxygen", "carbon", "silicon" ]	B
sciq-6473	multiple_choice	Autoimmunity can develop with time, and its causes may be rooted in this?	[ "resistance", "spontaneous mutation", "molecular mimicry", "inheritance" ]	C
sciq-1869	multiple_choice	When traveling through space what do mechanical waves lose?	[ "Force", "energy", "Speed", "Mass" ]	B
sciq-801	multiple_choice	What is the process of small molecules passing through the plasma membrane called?	[ "convection", "absorption", "diffusion", "permeation" ]	C
sciq-6446	multiple_choice	What is a substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution?	[ "sulfur", "base", "carbon", "acid" ]	D
sciq-4761	multiple_choice	Myopia is commonly called what?	[ "scoliosis", "farsightedness", "blindness", "nearsightedness" ]	D
sciq-2608	multiple_choice	Animals that defend their area are generally known as what kinds of animals?	[ "mutants", "territorial", "carnivores", "neutral" ]	B
ai2_arc-1006	multiple_choice	Recycling of a resource, such as paper, is important because	[ "paper companies cannot make enough paper.", "using recycled paper reduces the cutting of new trees.", "most paper is made from species of trees that are endangered.", "recycled paper is less expensive than paper made without recycling." ]	B
ai2_arc-212	multiple_choice	Several horses grazed in a fenced area across from a home. On rainy days, soil would wash down a slope and run toward the home. After the horses were moved a few years later, the soil no longer washed down when it rained. What could account for this change?	[ "The grass grew and kept the soil intact.", "The fence kept the soil contained.", "The soil was completely gone.", "The amount of rain decreased." ]	A
sciq-11431	multiple_choice	What do you call the space around a charged particle where the particle exerts electric force on other charged particles?	[ "electric field", "charged field", "powered field", "melodic field" ]	A
sciq-10507	multiple_choice	Caffeine is an example of what type of drug?	[ "barbiturate", "psychoactive", "depressant", "nicotine" ]	B
sciq-6162	multiple_choice	If a ball is released from rest when air resistance is negligible, velocity is seen to increase linearly, while what related property is a constant?	[ "speed", "density", "acceleration", "time" ]	C
sciq-6097	multiple_choice	What does viscosity do to liquids?	[ "resistant to flowing", "salinity to flowing", "condusive to flowing", "responsive to flowing" ]	A
sciq-5690	multiple_choice	What theory says atoms of matter are in constant random motion?	[ "modern kinetic theory", "sound kinetic theory", "the theory of relativity", "modern residual theory" ]	A
sciq-7153	multiple_choice	What important function do bees perform on garden plants and many commercial fruit trees?	[ "ruination", "hibernation", "pollination", "condensation" ]	C
sciq-3621	multiple_choice	When pumping blood, the hearts of animals with very long necks must overcome what force?	[ "evolution", "friction", "gravity", "erosion" ]	C

sciq-9242

multiple_choice

In drosophila, gradients of morphogens encoded by maternal effect genes determine what?

[ "body mass", "cell mass", "body axes", "cells axes" ]

C

sciq-5103

multiple_choice

Plants and algae maintain the atmosphere. during photosynthesis, they add oxygen and remove what?

[ "nitrogen", "methane", "water", "carbon dioxide" ]

D

sciq-3701

multiple_choice

The number of particles of a substance in a given volume is known as?

[ "range", "frequency", "concentration", "mass" ]

C

sciq-2360

multiple_choice

Poetically speaking, nature reserves are islands of what, in a sea of habitat degraded by human activity?

[ "biodiversity", "ecosystem", "refuge", "habitats" ]

A

sciq-9143

multiple_choice

Categorized based on how they produce their mrna using the baltimore classification method, what consist of a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid with or without an outer lipid envelope?

[ "parasites", "amphibians", "viruses", "bacteria" ]

C

sciq-8174

multiple_choice

In the humid subtropical climate, summers are ____ but winters are very cold.

[ "dry", "long", "wet", "windy" ]

C

ai2_arc-251

multiple_choice

Which best determines the number of wolves that can live in an area?

[ "the amount of snow in the area each year", "the number of birds that live in the area", "the number of trees in the area", "the amount of food available in the area" ]

D

sciq-1320

multiple_choice

Volcanoes can be active, dormant, or what else?

[ "extinct", "still", "burgeoning", "remnant" ]

A

sciq-1357

multiple_choice

In a food chain, what group of organisms breaks down animal remains and wastes to get energy?

[ "producers", "decomposers", "primary consumers", "detritivores" ]

B

sciq-4053

multiple_choice

Interactions between plants and other organisms result in cycling of chemical nutrients within what?

[ "air", "habitat", "ecosystem", "water" ]

C

sciq-1392

multiple_choice

The colloquial term "ribbon worm" refers to the mostly marine species of what phylum?

[ "lophophorata", "nematoida", "nemertea", "gnathifera" ]

C

sciq-2101

multiple_choice

Injuries can be prevented by getting proper what?

[ "drugs and food", "rest and recovery", "water and clothing", "exercise and training" ]

B

sciq-10722

multiple_choice

What is the name for membrane-bound sacs that function in storage and transport?

[ "alleles", "cells", "tubules", "vacuoles" ]

D

ai2_arc-923

multiple_choice

Which of these methods of energy resource acquisition has the least effect on the lithosphere?

[ "surface mining for uranium", "pumping oil from under water", "harvesting wood by selective cutting", "collecting natural gas from old oil wells" ]

C

sciq-8255

multiple_choice

All species of crocodilians have similar body structures, including an elongated snout, powerful jaws, muscular tail, large protective scales, streamlined body, and eyes and nostrils that are positioned on what?

[ "below the neck", "back of head", "top of head", "side of head" ]

C

sciq-2830

multiple_choice

Most tissues regulated by the autonomic nervous system receive both sympathetic and parasympathetic input from?

[ "peristaltic neurons", "Chemosensory center", "parasympathetic neurons", "postganglionic neurons" ]

D

sciq-8118

multiple_choice

What kind of energy is released when the thermochemical reaction of a campfire converts wood to carbon dioxide and water?

[ "smoke", "heat", "light", "ultraviolet" ]

B

sciq-7626

multiple_choice

As a cell grows, its volume increases more quickly than its what?

[ "surface area", "weight", "density", "age" ]

A

sciq-3763

multiple_choice

There are about 50,000 vertebrate species, and they are placed in how many different classes?

[ "three", "ten", "four", "nine" ]

D

ai2_arc-873

multiple_choice

Approximately how many times does the Moon revolve around Earth during one revolution of Earth around the Sun?

[ "1", "12", "28", "365" ]

B

sciq-4934

multiple_choice

What is the average kinetic energy of particles of matter?

[ "friction", "temperature", "magnetism", "momentum" ]

B

sciq-3228

multiple_choice

When waves are reflected at the same angle, what is it called?

[ "field of view", "angle of reflection", "refraction", "phenomenon of reflection" ]

B

sciq-3672

multiple_choice

What creates wet and dry zones at different latitudes?

[ "trade winds", "horse latitudes", "jet stream", "global air currents" ]

D

sciq-1353

multiple_choice

When a seed is produced by apomixis, the embryo develops without what?

[ "infection", "fertilization", "stimulation", "infection" ]

B

scienceQA-11683

multiple_choice

Select the fish below.

[ "eastern newt", "tokay gecko", "gray tree frog", "hammerhead shark" ]

D

A gray tree frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. There are many kinds of tree frogs. Most tree frogs are very small. They can walk on thin branches. An eastern newt is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. Some newts live in water. Other newts live on land but lay their eggs in water. A tokay gecko is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin. Many geckos have special pads on their toes. The pads help them climb up plants and rocks. A hammerhead shark is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs. Hammerhead sharks get their names from the shape of their heads. They have a wide, flat head and a small mouth.

sciq-6604

multiple_choice

If pollination and fertilization occur, a diploid zygote forms within an ovule, located where

[ "testicle", "bladder", "ovary", "uterus" ]

C

sciq-1959

multiple_choice

Vertebrates have evolved more complex digestive systems, with some species having multi-chambered types of what organ?

[ "heart", "skin", "respiratory", "stomach" ]

D

sciq-4986

multiple_choice

What are the key cells in the immune response?

[ "lymphocytes", "leukocytes", "erythrocytes", "keratinocytes" ]

A

sciq-3798

multiple_choice

What do you call the system of glands that release chemical messenger molecules into the bloodstream?

[ "nervous system", "limbic system", "homeostasis system", "endocrine system" ]

D

scienceQA-10875

multiple_choice

Select the mammal.

[ "human", "American toad", "alpine newt", "green frog" ]

A

An American toad is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. Toads do not have teeth! They swallow their food whole. An alpine newt is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. Some newts live in water. Other newts live on land but lay their eggs in water. A human is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk. Humans are a type of animal called a primate. Monkeys and apes are also primates. A green frog is an amphibian. It has moist skin and begins its life in water. Frogs live near water or in damp places. Most frogs lay their eggs in water.

sciq-7650

multiple_choice

Are scissors simple or compound machines?

[ "simple", "lever", "compound", "neither" ]

C

sciq-723

multiple_choice

What is the combination of tissues that provides a tough, woody external covering on the stems of trees called?

[ "bark", "epidermis", "scale", "cuticle" ]

A

sciq-7537

multiple_choice

Body waves and surface waves are the two major types of what, which occur during earthquakes?

[ "sound waves", "tidal waves", "current waves", "seismic waves" ]

D

sciq-4321

multiple_choice

Beaches and deserts collect large deposits of what?

[ "plants", "animals", "sand", "water" ]

C

sciq-1369

multiple_choice

In the lungs, oxygen diffuses out of the alveoli and into where?

[ "neurons", "cillia", "capillaries", "blood" ]

C

ai2_arc-655

multiple_choice

A parent and a child share several characteristics. Both individuals are tall, have curly hair, are good cooks, and have freckles. Which of these characteristics is a learned behavior?

[ "being tall", "having curly hair", "being a good cook", "having freckles" ]

C

sciq-8193

multiple_choice

Which type of weathering causes changes int he rocks materials, chemical or mechanical?

[ "liquid", "nuclear", "chemical", "mineral" ]

C

sciq-7409

multiple_choice

Why does the body react to a loss of chloride ions?

[ "increased bicarbonate reabsorption", "decreased tricarbonate reabsorption", "increased tricarbonate reabsorption", "decreased bicarbonate reabsorption" ]

A

sciq-6027

multiple_choice

What diagnostic technology uses high-frequency vibrations transmitted into any tissue in contact with the transducer?

[ "ultrasound", "radiation", "sonar", "laser" ]

A

sciq-543

multiple_choice

When the number of active receptors falls below that threshold, what happens to the cellular response?

[ "it ceases", "it increases", "it stabilizes", "it responds" ]

A

scienceQA-12085

multiple_choice

What do these two changes have in common? picking up a paper clip with a magnet breaking a ceramic plate

[ "Both are caused by heating.", "Both are chemical changes.", "Both are only physical changes.", "Both are caused by cooling." ]

C

Step 1: Think about each change. Picking up a paper clip with a magnet is a physical change. The paper clip sticks to the magnet, but it is still made of the same type of matter. Breaking a ceramic plate is a physical change. The plate gets broken into pieces. But each piece is still made of the same type of matter. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are physical changes. No new matter is created. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes. Both are caused by heating. Neither change is caused by heating. Both are caused by cooling. Neither change is caused by cooling.

sciq-1964

multiple_choice

Is the most basic what is the most basic of the sciences, concerning itself with energy, matter, space and time, and their interactions?

[ "experiments", "biology", "physics", "genetics" ]

C

sciq-11202

multiple_choice

All waves are the way energy travels through what?

[ "vacuums", "space", "matter", "time" ]

C

sciq-5833

multiple_choice

What is the smallest class of elements?

[ "noble gases", "synthetics", "metalloids", "halogens" ]

C

sciq-6158

multiple_choice

What is the hormone produced in high-stress situations?

[ "testosterone", "adrenalin", "somatostatin", "thyroxine" ]

B

sciq-5072

multiple_choice

Fine-grained mud in the deep ocean comes from silts and clays brought from the land by?

[ "wind", "water", "fire", "waves" ]

A

sciq-8236

multiple_choice

What is the name for the male gamete?

[ "chromatid", "egg", "sperm", "ova" ]

C

sciq-684

multiple_choice

The fight or flight response involves what system?

[ "voluntary nervous system", "cellular nervous system", "autonomic nervous system", "functional nervous system" ]

C

sciq-4848

multiple_choice

Technetium is named after the greektechnikos, meaning “artificial,” because all its isotopes are what?

[ "neutral", "plastic", "rare", "radioactive" ]

D

sciq-2819

multiple_choice

Chytridiomycota are considered the most primitive of what kingdom?

[ "protists", "plants", "animals", "fungi" ]

D

sciq-9948

multiple_choice

Many innovative farming methods can prevent what type of erosion, which is especially important in agriculture?

[ "soil erosion", "plains erosion", "fertilizer erosion", "vegetable erosion" ]

A

scienceQA-1474

multiple_choice

What do these two changes have in common? sewing an apron mixing sand and water

[ "Both are chemical changes.", "Both are only physical changes.", "Both are caused by heating.", "Both are caused by cooling." ]

B

Step 1: Think about each change. Sewing an apron is a physical change. The fabric and thread that make up the apron get a new shape, but the type of matter in each of them does not change. Mixing sand and water is a physical change. Adding water makes the sand wet. But both the sand and water are still made of the same type of matter as before. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are physical changes. No new matter is created. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes. Both are caused by heating. Neither change is caused by heating. Both are caused by cooling. Neither change is caused by cooling.

sciq-2317

multiple_choice

Ultraviolet radiation has the highest energy; which has the lowest?

[ "nuclear", "kinetic", "infrared", "thermal" ]

C

sciq-10382

multiple_choice

The hormone androgen increases aggressiveness and promotes what type of behaviors?

[ "asexual", "cognitive", "nervous", "sexual" ]

D

scienceQA-7850

multiple_choice

Select the vertebrate.

[ "mole", "hissing cockroach", "fly", "grasshopper" ]

A

A fly is an insect. Like other insects, a fly is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton. A grasshopper is an insect. Like other insects, a grasshopper is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton. A mole is a mammal. Like other mammals, a mole is a vertebrate. It has a backbone. A hissing cockroach is an insect. Like other insects, a hissing cockroach is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.

sciq-5021

multiple_choice

When does exchange of dna segments happen between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes?

[ "during crossing-over", "during diversion", "during meiosis", "during mitosis" ]

A

sciq-9213

multiple_choice

Spores are the basic reproductive units of what organism?

[ "tropical plants", "fungi", "yeast", "mushrooms" ]

B

sciq-64

multiple_choice

Fungi may form mutualistic relationships with plants, algae, cyanobacteria, and what?

[ "animals", "plants", "eggs", "farmers" ]

A

sciq-11367

multiple_choice

Volume is another way of measuring what?

[ "length", "material", "weight", "height" ]

B

sciq-11512

multiple_choice

What type of mammal gives birth to young that need to develop further in the mother's pouch after birth?

[ "whales", "aborigines", "humans", "marsupials" ]

D

sciq-11464

multiple_choice

What energy is stored in a person or object?

[ "potential energy", "kinetic energy", "mechanical energy", "stored energy" ]

A

sciq-11171

multiple_choice

What is located beneath the lithosphere?

[ "asthenosphere", "magnetosphere", "hydropshere", "troposphere" ]

A

sciq-7104

multiple_choice

Chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis are examples of which type of sti?

[ "incurable", "non-contagious", "bacterial", "viral" ]

C

sciq-2104

multiple_choice

What is the name for the transfer of thermal energy between particles of matter that are touching?

[ "induction", "activation", "convection", "conduction" ]

D

sciq-7463

multiple_choice

Eight of the hottest years on record have occurred since what year?

[ "1991", "1998", "2002", "1997" ]

B

sciq-394

multiple_choice

Atoms of the same element that have different masses are called what?

[ "radioactive", "variations", "mutations", "isotopes" ]

D

sciq-2541

multiple_choice

Polar molecules result from differences in electronegativity of what in the molecule?

[ "atoms", "iron", "protons", "ions" ]

A

sciq-623

multiple_choice

Looking directly at what celestial object can cause blindness?

[ "Haley's Comet", "earth", "sun", "Moon" ]

C

sciq-6174

multiple_choice

How does deeper material cause convection in the mantle?

[ "remains stable", "rises then sinks", "folds", "sinks then rises" ]

B

sciq-7173

multiple_choice

Which parasite causes downy mildew in grape plants?

[ "taphrina confusa", "epichloe typhina", "chrysomyxa ledi", "plasmopara viticola" ]

D

sciq-7947

multiple_choice

"cardio" has become slang for what type of exercise that raises your heart rate for an extended amount of time?

[ "aerobic", "anaerobic", "kinetic", "cyclical" ]

A

sciq-7913

multiple_choice

What type of plant keeps it green leaves year-round?

[ "conifer", "deciduous", "evergreen plant", "cactus" ]

C

sciq-6085

multiple_choice

What natural process is associated with the death of cells?

[ "reducing", "aging", "cooling", "dissolving" ]

B

sciq-345

multiple_choice

What is the rising and sinking of warm and cooler material called?

[ "convection", "depression", "conveyance", "diffusion" ]

A

sciq-2924

multiple_choice

How does carbon dioxide chemically weather rocks?

[ "by creating water", "by creating proteins", "by creating heat", "by creating acids" ]

D

sciq-3443

multiple_choice

What do covalent bonds give atoms a more stable arrangement of?

[ "electrons", "protons", "neutrons", "cell walls" ]

A

sciq-3456

multiple_choice

Which type of diabetes involves the pancreas not secreting enough insulin, which causes high levels of glucose in the blood?

[ "type 1", "type 2", "non typical", "type 3" ]

A

ai2_arc-916

multiple_choice

Many people throw away almost five pounds of trash each day. How could everyone decrease the amount of trash thrown away daily?

[ "recycle materials", "use more products", "put the trash in a landfill", "pick up the trash on the ground" ]

A

sciq-9161

multiple_choice

Metabolic cooperation between different prokaryotic species often occurs in surface-coating colonies. what are these colonies called?

[ "biofilms", "lichens", "plankton", "eukaryotes" ]

A

ai2_arc-793

multiple_choice

There are four stages to the life cycle of a butterfly: adult, pupa, egg, and caterpillar. Which of these occurs first?

[ "egg", "adult", "pupa", "caterpillar" ]

A

sciq-9538

multiple_choice

What is a simple sugar such as fructose or glucose?

[ "monosaccharide", "disaccharide", "galactose", "polysaccharides" ]

A

sciq-11257

multiple_choice

Helicopter pilots can recover from piloting errors by decreasing altitude, turning some of their potential energy into what kind of energy?

[ "kinetic", "active", "electrical", "free" ]

A

sciq-6365

multiple_choice

A plant is composed of two main types of tissue: meristematic tissue and what other kind of tissue?

[ "synovial tissue", "nonvascular tissue", "permanent tissue", "muscle tissue" ]

C

sciq-8142

multiple_choice

How many pairs of legs do arachnids have?

[ "ten", "8", "4", "6" ]

C

ai2_arc-498

multiple_choice

What is the most common element found in the compounds that make up ocean water?

[ "nitrogen", "oxygen", "carbon", "silicon" ]

B

sciq-6473

multiple_choice

Autoimmunity can develop with time, and its causes may be rooted in this?

[ "resistance", "spontaneous mutation", "molecular mimicry", "inheritance" ]

C

sciq-1869

multiple_choice

When traveling through space what do mechanical waves lose?

[ "Force", "energy", "Speed", "Mass" ]

B

sciq-801

multiple_choice

What is the process of small molecules passing through the plasma membrane called?

[ "convection", "absorption", "diffusion", "permeation" ]

C

sciq-6446

multiple_choice

What is a substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution?

[ "sulfur", "base", "carbon", "acid" ]

D

sciq-4761

multiple_choice

Myopia is commonly called what?

[ "scoliosis", "farsightedness", "blindness", "nearsightedness" ]

D

sciq-2608

multiple_choice

Animals that defend their area are generally known as what kinds of animals?

[ "mutants", "territorial", "carnivores", "neutral" ]

B

ai2_arc-1006

multiple_choice

Recycling of a resource, such as paper, is important because

[ "paper companies cannot make enough paper.", "using recycled paper reduces the cutting of new trees.", "most paper is made from species of trees that are endangered.", "recycled paper is less expensive than paper made without recycling." ]

B

ai2_arc-212

multiple_choice

Several horses grazed in a fenced area across from a home. On rainy days, soil would wash down a slope and run toward the home. After the horses were moved a few years later, the soil no longer washed down when it rained. What could account for this change?

[ "The grass grew and kept the soil intact.", "The fence kept the soil contained.", "The soil was completely gone.", "The amount of rain decreased." ]

A

sciq-11431

multiple_choice

What do you call the space around a charged particle where the particle exerts electric force on other charged particles?

[ "electric field", "charged field", "powered field", "melodic field" ]

A

sciq-10507

multiple_choice

Caffeine is an example of what type of drug?

[ "barbiturate", "psychoactive", "depressant", "nicotine" ]

B

sciq-6162

multiple_choice

If a ball is released from rest when air resistance is negligible, velocity is seen to increase linearly, while what related property is a constant?

[ "speed", "density", "acceleration", "time" ]

C

sciq-6097

multiple_choice

What does viscosity do to liquids?

[ "resistant to flowing", "salinity to flowing", "condusive to flowing", "responsive to flowing" ]

A

sciq-5690

multiple_choice

What theory says atoms of matter are in constant random motion?

[ "modern kinetic theory", "sound kinetic theory", "the theory of relativity", "modern residual theory" ]

A

sciq-7153

multiple_choice

What important function do bees perform on garden plants and many commercial fruit trees?

[ "ruination", "hibernation", "pollination", "condensation" ]

C

sciq-3621

multiple_choice

When pumping blood, the hearts of animals with very long necks must overcome what force?

[ "evolution", "friction", "gravity", "erosion" ]

C