Jenjamin3000/MNLP_M3_MCQA_before_FT · Datasets at Hugging Face

id stringlengths 6 15	question_type stringclasses 1 value	question stringlengths 15 683	choices listlengths 4 4	answer stringclasses 5 values	explanation stringclasses 481 values
sciq-2883	multiple_choice	Crossover occurs between non-sister chromatids of which chromosomes?	[ "compound chromosomes", "analogous", "identical chromosomes", "homologous" ]	D
sciq-7269	multiple_choice	When do female reproductive organs mature?	[ "at birth", "periomenopause", "at puberty", "at menopause" ]	C
sciq-90	multiple_choice	Sexual reproduction involves haploid gametes and produces a diploid zygote through what process?	[ "fertilization", "infection", "sedimentation", "vivisection" ]	A
sciq-5529	multiple_choice	What is the main ingredient of mothballs?	[ "hydrocarbon naphthalene", "ionized naphthalene", "processed naphthalene", "stable naphthalene" ]	A
sciq-9249	multiple_choice	An example of a variable relating to the ramp is its what?	[ "mass", "steepness", "weight", "color" ]	B
sciq-11201	multiple_choice	Which type of diabetes is more common?	[ "type 2", "juvenile diabetes", "type 1", "gestational diabetes" ]	A
sciq-10986	multiple_choice	What does an underwater spider use to breathe and keep alive?	[ "metallic air bubble", "shiny air bubble", "gills", "forehead air bubble" ]	B
sciq-4477	multiple_choice	Chloroplasts and chromoplasts are examples of which membrane bound organelle containing their own dna?	[ "plastids", "bacteria", "polymers", "chromosomes" ]	A
sciq-3151	multiple_choice	What type of cell has negative anode is positive cathode?	[ "planetoid cell", "voltaic cell", "non-voltaic cell", "picric cell" ]	B
scienceQA-362	multiple_choice	What do these two changes have in common? a puddle freezing into ice on a cold night shaking up salad dressing	[ "Both are caused by heating.", "Both are chemical changes.", "Both are caused by cooling.", "Both are only physical changes." ]	D	Step 1: Think about each change. A puddle freezing into ice on a cold night is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. Liquid water freezes and becomes solid, but it is still made of water. A different type of matter is not formed. Shaking up salad dressing is a physical change. The different parts mix together, but they are still made of the same type of matter. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are physical changes. No new matter is created. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes. Both are caused by heating. Neither change is caused by heating. Both are caused by cooling. A puddle freezing is caused by cooling. But shaking up salad dressing is not.
sciq-3588	multiple_choice	Unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at what joint type are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage?	[ "knee joint", "polymeric joint", "synovial joint", "proximal joint" ]	C
scienceQA-8	multiple_choice	What do these two changes have in common? tearing a piece of paper breaking a piece of glass	[ "Both are only physical changes.", "Both are chemical changes.", "Both are caused by cooling.", "Both are caused by heating." ]	A	Step 1: Think about each change. Tearing a piece of paper is a physical change. The paper tears into pieces. But each piece is still made of paper. Breaking a piece of glass is a physical change. The glass gets broken into pieces. But each piece is still made of the same type of matter. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are physical changes. No new matter is created. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes. Both are caused by heating. Neither change is caused by heating. Both are caused by cooling. Neither change is caused by cooling.
sciq-8382	multiple_choice	What can lead to a loss of genetic variation within populations?	[ "migration", "natural selection", "adaptation", "genetic drift" ]	D
sciq-8799	multiple_choice	What causes acid rain, ozone depletion, and global warming?	[ "air pollution", "ozone layer", "radiation", "water pollution" ]	A
sciq-461	multiple_choice	The simplest and smallest particle of matter that still has chemical properties of the element is called?	[ "a molecule", "a nucleus", "an atom", "an isotope" ]	C
sciq-8565	multiple_choice	Where is the site of photosynthesis?	[ "the chloroplast", "another chloroplast", "the organism", "the chloroburst" ]	A
sciq-1981	multiple_choice	Digestion and respiration are both facilitated by the pharynx, more commonly called the what?	[ "nose", "sinus", "throat", "esophagus" ]	C
sciq-6796	multiple_choice	The mass percentage of a solution component is defined as the ratio of the component’s mass to ________?	[ "solution ’ s mass", "solvent's mass", "liquid's mass", "enough ’ s mass" ]	A
sciq-7708	multiple_choice	The ostwald process is the commercial method for producing what?	[ "chlorine", "nitric acid", "citric acid", "deoxyribonucleic acid" ]	B
sciq-10376	multiple_choice	Connecting to the brainstem and extending down the body through the spinal column is the spinal cord. the spinal cord is a thick bundle of nerve tissue that carries information about the body to this?	[ "lungs", "liver", "stomach", "brain" ]	D
sciq-5949	multiple_choice	What kind of messages do neurons send?	[ "digestive messages", "Neurotic messages", "electrical messages", "minor messages" ]	C
sciq-6413	multiple_choice	What organism are resistant to freezing and drying and also are metabolically inactive?	[ "trichina", "zygosporangia", "giardia", "spirogyra" ]	B
sciq-9001	multiple_choice	Although vitamins and minerals do not provide what, they are still essential for good health?	[ "flavor", "energy", "antioxidants", "enzymes" ]	B
sciq-995	multiple_choice	What type of cell has a singular chromosome, no nucleus, and few other organelles?	[ "trophic", "graphic", "prokaryotic", "monophyletic" ]	C
sciq-1366	multiple_choice	What evolutionary concept characterizes a species by body shape and other structural features?	[ "geologic species concept", "morphological species concept", "primary speciation", "spontaneous evolution theory" ]	B
sciq-3956	multiple_choice	Located above the stratosphere, what layer is the place where meteors burn up?	[ "unisphere", "mesosphere", "atmosphere", "troposphere" ]	B
sciq-7169	multiple_choice	Why do comet tails always point away from the sun instead of trailing behind the comet?	[ "dust particles recoil", "dust particles evaporate", "dust particles liquify", "dust particles attract" ]	A
sciq-4817	multiple_choice	What happens to a tectonic plate when it subducts?	[ "it cracks", "it sinks", "it warms", "it melts" ]	D
sciq-7020	multiple_choice	Mixture of metals is called what?	[ "alloy", "compound", "amalgm", "fusion" ]	A
sciq-6361	multiple_choice	Viruses may damage or kill cells by causing the release of hydrolytic enzymes from where?	[ "capillaries", "lipids", "glands", "lysosomes" ]	D
sciq-7548	multiple_choice	Kyphosis, lordosis, and scoliosis are all diseases involving improper curvature of which bodily structure (which is supposed to be curved in a certain way anyway)?	[ "femur", "lungs", "spine", "aorta" ]	C
sciq-1427	multiple_choice	When fuel is burned, most of the energy is released in what form?	[ "heat", "precipitation", "humidity", "carbon dioxide" ]	A
sciq-261	multiple_choice	In qualitative analysis, reagents are added to an unknown chemical mixture in order to induce what?	[ "sunlight", "erosion", "motion", "precipitation" ]	D
sciq-165	multiple_choice	How metalloids behave in chemical interactions with other elements depends mainly on the number of what, in the outer energy level of their atoms?	[ "protons", "positrons", "neutrons", "electrons" ]	D
sciq-3337	multiple_choice	What are the taste receptors found as tiny bumps on the tongue called?	[ "hard buds", "fat buds", "taste buds", "ear buds" ]	C
ai2_arc-227	multiple_choice	Millions of people living all over the world have cancer. Is cancer a pandemic?	[ "No, because cancer is not contagious.", "No, because cancer is not always fatal.", "Yes, because millions of people have cancer.", "Yes, because people all over the world have cancer." ]	A
sciq-8312	multiple_choice	Both androgen secretion and spermatogenesis occur continuously starting with what?	[ "birth", "walking", "mutation", "puberty" ]	D
sciq-6483	multiple_choice	The hardest natural substance, diamond is a form of what element?	[ "zirconium", "hydrogen", "zenon", "carbon" ]	D
ai2_arc-113	multiple_choice	Plants have cells, tissues, organs, and systems that allow them to function as complete organisms. Which parts of a plant function as an organ?	[ "leaves", "spores", "root hairs", "chlorophyll molecules" ]	A
scienceQA-2973	multiple_choice	Select the chemical formula for this molecule.	[ "I2Cl2", "ICl", "I2Cl", "ICl2" ]	B	I is the symbol for iodine. According to the legend, iodine atoms are shown in dark purple. Cl is the symbol for chlorine. According to the legend, chlorine atoms are shown in green. This ball-and-stick model shows a molecule with one iodine atom and one chlorine atom. The chemical formula will contain the symbols I and Cl. There is one iodine atom, so I will not have a subscript. There is one chlorine atom, so Cl will not have a subscript. The correct formula is ICl. The diagram below shows how each part of the chemical formula matches with each part of the model above.
sciq-815	multiple_choice	The small, egg-shaped organs that lie on either side of the uterus are called?	[ "glands", "lungs", "kidneys", "ovaries" ]	D
sciq-1137	multiple_choice	Insects have a highly specialized type of respiratory system called what?	[ "gland system", "grunion system", "nasal system", "tracheal system" ]	D
sciq-160	multiple_choice	Glaciers are incredibly powerful agents of what?	[ "extinction", "erosion", "insulation", "climate change" ]	B
sciq-4789	multiple_choice	Chewing a bite of bread mixes it with what and facilitates its chemical breakdown?	[ "chyme", "interstitial fluid", "saliva", "calcium" ]	C
sciq-11302	multiple_choice	A problem with using food chains to describe ecosystems is that some organisms can feed on or be consumed by species from more than one of what level?	[ "habitat level", "trophic level", "pH level", "biome level" ]	B
sciq-10585	multiple_choice	All three types of convergent plate boundaries produce what destructive phenomenon?	[ "tornado", "earthquake", "volcano", "storm" ]	B
sciq-4514	multiple_choice	What are boggy regions with thick layers of peat called?	[ "tropics", "peatlands", "meadows", "wetlands" ]	B
sciq-1002	multiple_choice	What type of organisms are helpless at birth and require lots of help from their parents?	[ "Microorganisms", "multicellular organisms", "altricial organisms", "precocial organisms" ]	C
sciq-3526	multiple_choice	The differences in the biomes is due to differences in the what factors?	[ "air quality", "biological", "abiotic", "temperature" ]	C
sciq-3311	multiple_choice	Venus rotates slowly in a direction opposite to the direction of what?	[ "its orbit", "the orbit of Mars", "the Earth's orbit", "the sun" ]	A
sciq-10838	multiple_choice	Binding of acetylcholine to receptors on the muscle fiber leads to a?	[ "conduction", "depolarization", "excitation", "repolarization" ]	B
sciq-646	multiple_choice	Because dizygotic twins develop from two eggs fertilized by two sperm, they are no more identical than siblings born at what?	[ "different times", "different places", "other eras", "other times of day" ]	A
scienceQA-11531	multiple_choice	Select the invertebrate.	[ "black howler", "red-eyed tree frog", "painted stork", "yellow jacket" ]	D	A yellow jacket is an insect. Like other insects, a yellow jacket is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton. A black howler is a mammal. Like other mammals, a black howler is a vertebrate. It has a backbone. A red-eyed tree frog is an amphibian. Like other amphibians, a red-eyed tree frog is a vertebrate. It has a backbone. A painted stork is a bird. Like other birds, a painted stork is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.
sciq-564	multiple_choice	What is the name for a biologist who studies fungi?	[ "egyptologists", "mycologists", "oncologists", "musicologists" ]	B
sciq-6323	multiple_choice	Which ocean zone is the narrow strip along a coastline that is covered by water at high tide and exposed to air at low tide?	[ "deep zone", "miniscule zone", "calcareous zone", "intertidal zone" ]	D
scienceQA-891	multiple_choice	Select the fish.	[ "humpback whale", "piranha", "zebra", "gharial" ]	B	A gharial is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin. Gharials are a type of crocodile. Gharials live near rivers and eat fish. A zebra is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk. Zebras eat mostly grass. But they sometimes eat other types of plants, such as shrubs or tree bark. A humpback whale is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk. Whales are mammals that live in the ocean. Humpback whales have small hairs that grow from bumps around their mouth. A piranha is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs. Piranhas have sharp teeth. Piranhas hunt in groups. A group of piranhas can eat a large animal.
sciq-11304	multiple_choice	In plants, a cell plate is formed during cell cytokinesis by golgi vesicles fusing at the what?	[ "mitosis plate", "tectonic plate", "metaphase plate", "chromosomes plate" ]	C
sciq-3740	multiple_choice	What is the muscular organ shaped like an upside-down pear that has a thick lining of tissues called the endometrium?	[ "lungs", "kidney", "liver", "uterus" ]	D
sciq-683	multiple_choice	What are two nonliving things that all living things need for survival?	[ "calcium", "methane", "water and air", "sunlight" ]	C
sciq-2981	multiple_choice	What is it called when organisms with traits that better enable them to adapt to their environment tend to survive and reproduce in greater numbers?	[ "natural selection", "adaptation", "evolution", "natural distribution" ]	A
sciq-2324	multiple_choice	The modern atomic theory states that all matter is composed of what?	[ "ions", "quarks", "atoms", "molecules" ]	C
sciq-9078	multiple_choice	The active transport of ions across the membrane causes an electrical gradient to build up across the what?	[ "cells membrane", "colloidal membrane", "components membrane", "plasma membrane" ]	D
scienceQA-10163	multiple_choice	What do these two changes have in common? chicken cooking in an oven a penny tarnishing	[ "Both are caused by heating.", "Both are chemical changes.", "Both are only physical changes.", "Both are caused by cooling." ]	B	Step 1: Think about each change. Cooking chicken is a chemical change. The heat causes the matter in the chicken to change. Cooked chicken and raw chicken are different types of matter. Metal turning less shiny over time is called tarnishing. A penny tarnishing is a chemical change. When air touches the penny, the surface of the penny changes into a different type of matter. This matter makes the penny dull. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different. Both are caused by heating. Cooking is caused by heating. But a penny tarnishing is not. Both are caused by cooling. Neither change is caused by cooling.
sciq-10135	multiple_choice	Which acids provide the molecular blueprints for all proteins produced in living systems?	[ "nucleic acids", "amino acids", "periodic acids", "nitrous acids" ]	A
sciq-7037	multiple_choice	Some protists hunt their food or act as what?	[ "parasites", "mammals", "reptiles", "bats" ]	A
sciq-9079	multiple_choice	What process determines which of two fossils is older or younger than the other?	[ "curve dating", "relative dating", "difference dating", "differential dating" ]	B
sciq-3895	multiple_choice	What is the process where light bounces back from surfaces that it cannot pass through?	[ "diffraction", "direction", "absorbtion", "reflection" ]	D
sciq-8696	multiple_choice	Scientists use the principles of what to make predictions, which they then test?	[ "their guesses", "their faith", "their teachers", "their hypothesis" ]	D
sciq-10966	multiple_choice	Bacteria can be used to make cheese from milk. the bacteria turn the milk sugars into what?	[ "acetic acid", "lactic acid", "hydrochloric acid", "ionic acid" ]	B
sciq-8072	multiple_choice	What is the movement of plates called?	[ "volcanic activity", "plate tectonics", "fracking", "migration" ]	B
sciq-2122	multiple_choice	What is it called when plants release water vapor through their leaves?	[ "eutrophication", "transpiration", "photosynthesis", "evaporation" ]	B
sciq-11596	multiple_choice	What do people build to protect areas from floods?	[ "reinforced walls", "dams", "drains", "sewers" ]	B
sciq-662	multiple_choice	What mammalian structure allows the exchange of gases, nutrients, and other substances between the fetus and mother?	[ "notochord", "placenta", "uterus", "mitochondria" ]	B
ai2_arc-941	multiple_choice	Which substance is a compound?	[ "sodium", "chlorine", "table salt", "salt water" ]	C
sciq-1923	multiple_choice	What type of numerical figure is important in considering the precision and accuracy of a number?	[ "component", "significant", "insignificant", "exponent" ]	B
sciq-10736	multiple_choice	Exemplified by cesium, which ignites spontaneously in air, pure elements with a high metallic character tend to be very what?	[ "inactive", "proactive", "radiactive", "reactive" ]	D
sciq-1471	multiple_choice	Atoms of one element can be transformed into another through which process?	[ "nuclear reactions", "developed reactions", "longer reactions", "magnetic reactions" ]	A
ai2_arc-1020	multiple_choice	Wind turbines are being used to generate electricity in many parts of the United States. One advantage of wind turbines is that no fossil fuels are burned. Which of the following is a disadvantage of wind turbines?	[ "Wind turbines can emit dangerous radiation if damaged.", "Wind turbine farms must be located near large bodies of water.", "Wind turbines do not produce energy until many years after being built.", "Wind turbine farms require a lot of area compared to how much energy they produce." ]	D
sciq-791	multiple_choice	Combining the voltages of the oxidation and reduction half reactions helps to determine what?	[ "moisture", "magnetic", "slimy", "voltage" ]	D
sciq-9133	multiple_choice	What cause the rippled surface of the ocean?	[ "tides", "earthquakes", "waves", "winds" ]	C
sciq-6154	multiple_choice	The mechanical and digestive processes have one goal: to convert food into molecules small enough to be absorbed by the epithelial cells of what?	[ "stomach cilia", "alveoli", "intestinal villi", "bile ducts" ]	C
ai2_arc-354	multiple_choice	What is one way to change water from a liquid to a solid?	[ "decrease the temperature", "increase the temperature", "decrease the mass", "increase the mass" ]	A
sciq-10288	multiple_choice	Deletions remove one or more what from the dna?	[ "exons", "codons", "nucleotides", "genes" ]	C
sciq-254	multiple_choice	What property makes bone marrow cells ideal for gene therapy?	[ "irreversible reproduction", "Matching", "lifelong reproduction", "behavior reproduction" ]	C
sciq-8734	multiple_choice	During the first several weeks of development, the cells of the endometrium nourish what?	[ "nucleus", "egg", "uterus", "embryo" ]	D
sciq-2800	multiple_choice	What are the outpocketings of the digestive tract that remove nitrogenous wastes and function in osmoregulation?	[ "integumentary tubules", "olivary tubules", "intestinal tubules", "malpighian tubules" ]	D
ai2_arc-434	multiple_choice	What MAJOR advantage does nekton have over plankton in locating food?	[ "Nekton can actively swim.", "Nekton can see in the dark.", "Nekton do not eat much food.", "Nekton can eat anything in the ocean." ]	A
sciq-3911	multiple_choice	What do chemical reactions need to be activated?	[ "products", "food", "energy", "space" ]	C
sciq-3578	multiple_choice	What is the name of the process in which solid food waste is passed out of the body?	[ "regurgitation", "evaporation", "extinction", "elimination" ]	D
sciq-4093	multiple_choice	The renal hilum is the entry and exit site for structures servicing which organs?	[ "brains", "kidneys", "ovaries", "lungs" ]	B
sciq-1007	multiple_choice	What is the smallest and most fundamental unit of matter, consisting of a nucleus surrounded by electrons?	[ "molecule", "proton", "atom", "neutron" ]	C
sciq-7605	multiple_choice	Which latitudes get the most energy from the sun?	[ "polular latitudes", "highest latitudes", "middle latitudes", "lowest latitudes" ]	D
sciq-8821	multiple_choice	Photoreceptors in each ocellus receive light only through the opening where there are none of which cells?	[ "pigmented", "clear", "opqaue", "secreted" ]	A
sciq-7856	multiple_choice	What is the loss of energy available to do work called?	[ "power", "entropy", "negentropy", "force" ]	B
sciq-1686	multiple_choice	The stomach mucosa’s epithelial lining consists only of surface mucus cells, which secrete a protective coat of what?	[ "acidic mucus", "bile mucus", "alkaline mucus", "phosphate mucus" ]	C
sciq-7901	multiple_choice	Acid rain is corrosive rain caused by rainwater falling to the ground through which gas?	[ "essential dioxide", "sulfide dioxide", "carbon dioxide", "sulfur dioxide" ]	D
sciq-10371	multiple_choice	In the humoral response, what protein substances help neutralize or eliminate toxins and pathogens in the blood and lymph?	[ "membranes", "platelets", "parasites", "antibodies" ]	D
sciq-11475	multiple_choice	What part of an experiment or other investigation consists of the individuals or events that are studied?	[ "experimental control", "sample", "hypothesis", "independent variable" ]	B
sciq-4867	multiple_choice	The basic fabric of most biological membranes is a double layer of _________ and other lipids?	[ "solids", "antibodies", "phospholipids", "liquids" ]	C
sciq-3682	multiple_choice	Which process causes rocks at the earth's surface to change form?	[ "bleaching", "remodeling", "weathering", "eroding" ]	C

sciq-2883

multiple_choice

Crossover occurs between non-sister chromatids of which chromosomes?

[ "compound chromosomes", "analogous", "identical chromosomes", "homologous" ]

D

sciq-7269

multiple_choice

When do female reproductive organs mature?

[ "at birth", "periomenopause", "at puberty", "at menopause" ]

C

sciq-90

multiple_choice

Sexual reproduction involves haploid gametes and produces a diploid zygote through what process?

[ "fertilization", "infection", "sedimentation", "vivisection" ]

A

sciq-5529

multiple_choice

What is the main ingredient of mothballs?

[ "hydrocarbon naphthalene", "ionized naphthalene", "processed naphthalene", "stable naphthalene" ]

A

sciq-9249

multiple_choice

An example of a variable relating to the ramp is its what?

[ "mass", "steepness", "weight", "color" ]

B

sciq-11201

multiple_choice

Which type of diabetes is more common?

[ "type 2", "juvenile diabetes", "type 1", "gestational diabetes" ]

A

sciq-10986

multiple_choice

What does an underwater spider use to breathe and keep alive?

[ "metallic air bubble", "shiny air bubble", "gills", "forehead air bubble" ]

B

sciq-4477

multiple_choice

Chloroplasts and chromoplasts are examples of which membrane bound organelle containing their own dna?

[ "plastids", "bacteria", "polymers", "chromosomes" ]

A

sciq-3151

multiple_choice

What type of cell has negative anode is positive cathode?

[ "planetoid cell", "voltaic cell", "non-voltaic cell", "picric cell" ]

B

scienceQA-362

multiple_choice

What do these two changes have in common? a puddle freezing into ice on a cold night shaking up salad dressing

[ "Both are caused by heating.", "Both are chemical changes.", "Both are caused by cooling.", "Both are only physical changes." ]

D

Step 1: Think about each change. A puddle freezing into ice on a cold night is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. Liquid water freezes and becomes solid, but it is still made of water. A different type of matter is not formed. Shaking up salad dressing is a physical change. The different parts mix together, but they are still made of the same type of matter. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are physical changes. No new matter is created. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes. Both are caused by heating. Neither change is caused by heating. Both are caused by cooling. A puddle freezing is caused by cooling. But shaking up salad dressing is not.

sciq-3588

multiple_choice

Unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at what joint type are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage?

[ "knee joint", "polymeric joint", "synovial joint", "proximal joint" ]

C

scienceQA-8

multiple_choice

What do these two changes have in common? tearing a piece of paper breaking a piece of glass

[ "Both are only physical changes.", "Both are chemical changes.", "Both are caused by cooling.", "Both are caused by heating." ]

A

Step 1: Think about each change. Tearing a piece of paper is a physical change. The paper tears into pieces. But each piece is still made of paper. Breaking a piece of glass is a physical change. The glass gets broken into pieces. But each piece is still made of the same type of matter. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are physical changes. No new matter is created. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes. Both are caused by heating. Neither change is caused by heating. Both are caused by cooling. Neither change is caused by cooling.

sciq-8382

multiple_choice

What can lead to a loss of genetic variation within populations?

[ "migration", "natural selection", "adaptation", "genetic drift" ]

D

sciq-8799

multiple_choice

What causes acid rain, ozone depletion, and global warming?

[ "air pollution", "ozone layer", "radiation", "water pollution" ]

A

sciq-461

multiple_choice

The simplest and smallest particle of matter that still has chemical properties of the element is called?

[ "a molecule", "a nucleus", "an atom", "an isotope" ]

C

sciq-8565

multiple_choice

Where is the site of photosynthesis?

[ "the chloroplast", "another chloroplast", "the organism", "the chloroburst" ]

A

sciq-1981

multiple_choice

Digestion and respiration are both facilitated by the pharynx, more commonly called the what?

[ "nose", "sinus", "throat", "esophagus" ]

C

sciq-6796

multiple_choice

The mass percentage of a solution component is defined as the ratio of the component’s mass to ________?

[ "solution ’ s mass", "solvent's mass", "liquid's mass", "enough ’ s mass" ]

A

sciq-7708

multiple_choice

The ostwald process is the commercial method for producing what?

[ "chlorine", "nitric acid", "citric acid", "deoxyribonucleic acid" ]

B

sciq-10376

multiple_choice

Connecting to the brainstem and extending down the body through the spinal column is the spinal cord. the spinal cord is a thick bundle of nerve tissue that carries information about the body to this?

[ "lungs", "liver", "stomach", "brain" ]

D

sciq-5949

multiple_choice

What kind of messages do neurons send?

[ "digestive messages", "Neurotic messages", "electrical messages", "minor messages" ]

C

sciq-6413

multiple_choice

What organism are resistant to freezing and drying and also are metabolically inactive?

[ "trichina", "zygosporangia", "giardia", "spirogyra" ]

B

sciq-9001

multiple_choice

Although vitamins and minerals do not provide what, they are still essential for good health?

[ "flavor", "energy", "antioxidants", "enzymes" ]

B

sciq-995

multiple_choice

What type of cell has a singular chromosome, no nucleus, and few other organelles?

[ "trophic", "graphic", "prokaryotic", "monophyletic" ]

C

sciq-1366

multiple_choice

What evolutionary concept characterizes a species by body shape and other structural features?

[ "geologic species concept", "morphological species concept", "primary speciation", "spontaneous evolution theory" ]

B

sciq-3956

multiple_choice

Located above the stratosphere, what layer is the place where meteors burn up?

[ "unisphere", "mesosphere", "atmosphere", "troposphere" ]

B

sciq-7169

multiple_choice

Why do comet tails always point away from the sun instead of trailing behind the comet?

[ "dust particles recoil", "dust particles evaporate", "dust particles liquify", "dust particles attract" ]

A

sciq-4817

multiple_choice

What happens to a tectonic plate when it subducts?

[ "it cracks", "it sinks", "it warms", "it melts" ]

D

sciq-7020

multiple_choice

Mixture of metals is called what?

[ "alloy", "compound", "amalgm", "fusion" ]

A

sciq-6361

multiple_choice

Viruses may damage or kill cells by causing the release of hydrolytic enzymes from where?

[ "capillaries", "lipids", "glands", "lysosomes" ]

D

sciq-7548

multiple_choice

Kyphosis, lordosis, and scoliosis are all diseases involving improper curvature of which bodily structure (which is supposed to be curved in a certain way anyway)?

[ "femur", "lungs", "spine", "aorta" ]

C

sciq-1427

multiple_choice

When fuel is burned, most of the energy is released in what form?

[ "heat", "precipitation", "humidity", "carbon dioxide" ]

A

sciq-261

multiple_choice

In qualitative analysis, reagents are added to an unknown chemical mixture in order to induce what?

[ "sunlight", "erosion", "motion", "precipitation" ]

D

sciq-165

multiple_choice

How metalloids behave in chemical interactions with other elements depends mainly on the number of what, in the outer energy level of their atoms?

[ "protons", "positrons", "neutrons", "electrons" ]

D

sciq-3337

multiple_choice

What are the taste receptors found as tiny bumps on the tongue called?

[ "hard buds", "fat buds", "taste buds", "ear buds" ]

C

ai2_arc-227

multiple_choice

Millions of people living all over the world have cancer. Is cancer a pandemic?

[ "No, because cancer is not contagious.", "No, because cancer is not always fatal.", "Yes, because millions of people have cancer.", "Yes, because people all over the world have cancer." ]

A

sciq-8312

multiple_choice

Both androgen secretion and spermatogenesis occur continuously starting with what?

[ "birth", "walking", "mutation", "puberty" ]

D

sciq-6483

multiple_choice

The hardest natural substance, diamond is a form of what element?

[ "zirconium", "hydrogen", "zenon", "carbon" ]

D

ai2_arc-113

multiple_choice

Plants have cells, tissues, organs, and systems that allow them to function as complete organisms. Which parts of a plant function as an organ?

[ "leaves", "spores", "root hairs", "chlorophyll molecules" ]

A

scienceQA-2973

multiple_choice

Select the chemical formula for this molecule.

[ "I2Cl2", "ICl", "I2Cl", "ICl2" ]

B

I is the symbol for iodine. According to the legend, iodine atoms are shown in dark purple. Cl is the symbol for chlorine. According to the legend, chlorine atoms are shown in green. This ball-and-stick model shows a molecule with one iodine atom and one chlorine atom. The chemical formula will contain the symbols I and Cl. There is one iodine atom, so I will not have a subscript. There is one chlorine atom, so Cl will not have a subscript. The correct formula is ICl. The diagram below shows how each part of the chemical formula matches with each part of the model above.

sciq-815

multiple_choice

The small, egg-shaped organs that lie on either side of the uterus are called?

[ "glands", "lungs", "kidneys", "ovaries" ]

D

sciq-1137

multiple_choice

Insects have a highly specialized type of respiratory system called what?

[ "gland system", "grunion system", "nasal system", "tracheal system" ]

D

sciq-160

multiple_choice

Glaciers are incredibly powerful agents of what?

[ "extinction", "erosion", "insulation", "climate change" ]

B

sciq-4789

multiple_choice

Chewing a bite of bread mixes it with what and facilitates its chemical breakdown?

[ "chyme", "interstitial fluid", "saliva", "calcium" ]

C

sciq-11302

multiple_choice

A problem with using food chains to describe ecosystems is that some organisms can feed on or be consumed by species from more than one of what level?

[ "habitat level", "trophic level", "pH level", "biome level" ]

B

sciq-10585

multiple_choice

All three types of convergent plate boundaries produce what destructive phenomenon?

[ "tornado", "earthquake", "volcano", "storm" ]

B

sciq-4514

multiple_choice

What are boggy regions with thick layers of peat called?

[ "tropics", "peatlands", "meadows", "wetlands" ]

B

sciq-1002

multiple_choice

What type of organisms are helpless at birth and require lots of help from their parents?

[ "Microorganisms", "multicellular organisms", "altricial organisms", "precocial organisms" ]

C

sciq-3526

multiple_choice

The differences in the biomes is due to differences in the what factors?

[ "air quality", "biological", "abiotic", "temperature" ]

C

sciq-3311

multiple_choice

Venus rotates slowly in a direction opposite to the direction of what?

[ "its orbit", "the orbit of Mars", "the Earth's orbit", "the sun" ]

A

sciq-10838

multiple_choice

Binding of acetylcholine to receptors on the muscle fiber leads to a?

[ "conduction", "depolarization", "excitation", "repolarization" ]

B

sciq-646

multiple_choice

Because dizygotic twins develop from two eggs fertilized by two sperm, they are no more identical than siblings born at what?

[ "different times", "different places", "other eras", "other times of day" ]

A

scienceQA-11531

multiple_choice

Select the invertebrate.

[ "black howler", "red-eyed tree frog", "painted stork", "yellow jacket" ]

D

A yellow jacket is an insect. Like other insects, a yellow jacket is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton. A black howler is a mammal. Like other mammals, a black howler is a vertebrate. It has a backbone. A red-eyed tree frog is an amphibian. Like other amphibians, a red-eyed tree frog is a vertebrate. It has a backbone. A painted stork is a bird. Like other birds, a painted stork is a vertebrate. It has a backbone.

sciq-564

multiple_choice

What is the name for a biologist who studies fungi?

[ "egyptologists", "mycologists", "oncologists", "musicologists" ]

B

sciq-6323

multiple_choice

Which ocean zone is the narrow strip along a coastline that is covered by water at high tide and exposed to air at low tide?

[ "deep zone", "miniscule zone", "calcareous zone", "intertidal zone" ]

D

scienceQA-891

multiple_choice

Select the fish.

[ "humpback whale", "piranha", "zebra", "gharial" ]

B

A gharial is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin. Gharials are a type of crocodile. Gharials live near rivers and eat fish. A zebra is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk. Zebras eat mostly grass. But they sometimes eat other types of plants, such as shrubs or tree bark. A humpback whale is a mammal. It has hair and feeds its young milk. Whales are mammals that live in the ocean. Humpback whales have small hairs that grow from bumps around their mouth. A piranha is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs. Piranhas have sharp teeth. Piranhas hunt in groups. A group of piranhas can eat a large animal.

sciq-11304

multiple_choice

In plants, a cell plate is formed during cell cytokinesis by golgi vesicles fusing at the what?

[ "mitosis plate", "tectonic plate", "metaphase plate", "chromosomes plate" ]

C

sciq-3740

multiple_choice

What is the muscular organ shaped like an upside-down pear that has a thick lining of tissues called the endometrium?

[ "lungs", "kidney", "liver", "uterus" ]

D

sciq-683

multiple_choice

What are two nonliving things that all living things need for survival?

[ "calcium", "methane", "water and air", "sunlight" ]

C

sciq-2981

multiple_choice

What is it called when organisms with traits that better enable them to adapt to their environment tend to survive and reproduce in greater numbers?

[ "natural selection", "adaptation", "evolution", "natural distribution" ]

A

sciq-2324

multiple_choice

The modern atomic theory states that all matter is composed of what?

[ "ions", "quarks", "atoms", "molecules" ]

C

sciq-9078

multiple_choice

The active transport of ions across the membrane causes an electrical gradient to build up across the what?

[ "cells membrane", "colloidal membrane", "components membrane", "plasma membrane" ]

D

scienceQA-10163

multiple_choice

What do these two changes have in common? chicken cooking in an oven a penny tarnishing

[ "Both are caused by heating.", "Both are chemical changes.", "Both are only physical changes.", "Both are caused by cooling." ]

B

Step 1: Think about each change. Cooking chicken is a chemical change. The heat causes the matter in the chicken to change. Cooked chicken and raw chicken are different types of matter. Metal turning less shiny over time is called tarnishing. A penny tarnishing is a chemical change. When air touches the penny, the surface of the penny changes into a different type of matter. This matter makes the penny dull. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different. Both are caused by heating. Cooking is caused by heating. But a penny tarnishing is not. Both are caused by cooling. Neither change is caused by cooling.

sciq-10135

multiple_choice

Which acids provide the molecular blueprints for all proteins produced in living systems?

[ "nucleic acids", "amino acids", "periodic acids", "nitrous acids" ]

A

sciq-7037

multiple_choice

Some protists hunt their food or act as what?

[ "parasites", "mammals", "reptiles", "bats" ]

A

sciq-9079

multiple_choice

What process determines which of two fossils is older or younger than the other?

[ "curve dating", "relative dating", "difference dating", "differential dating" ]

B

sciq-3895

multiple_choice

What is the process where light bounces back from surfaces that it cannot pass through?

[ "diffraction", "direction", "absorbtion", "reflection" ]

D

sciq-8696

multiple_choice

Scientists use the principles of what to make predictions, which they then test?

[ "their guesses", "their faith", "their teachers", "their hypothesis" ]

D

sciq-10966

multiple_choice

Bacteria can be used to make cheese from milk. the bacteria turn the milk sugars into what?

[ "acetic acid", "lactic acid", "hydrochloric acid", "ionic acid" ]

B

sciq-8072

multiple_choice

What is the movement of plates called?

[ "volcanic activity", "plate tectonics", "fracking", "migration" ]

B

sciq-2122

multiple_choice

What is it called when plants release water vapor through their leaves?

[ "eutrophication", "transpiration", "photosynthesis", "evaporation" ]

B

sciq-11596

multiple_choice

What do people build to protect areas from floods?

[ "reinforced walls", "dams", "drains", "sewers" ]

B

sciq-662

multiple_choice

What mammalian structure allows the exchange of gases, nutrients, and other substances between the fetus and mother?

[ "notochord", "placenta", "uterus", "mitochondria" ]

B

ai2_arc-941

multiple_choice

Which substance is a compound?

[ "sodium", "chlorine", "table salt", "salt water" ]

C

sciq-1923

multiple_choice

What type of numerical figure is important in considering the precision and accuracy of a number?

[ "component", "significant", "insignificant", "exponent" ]

B

sciq-10736

multiple_choice

Exemplified by cesium, which ignites spontaneously in air, pure elements with a high metallic character tend to be very what?

[ "inactive", "proactive", "radiactive", "reactive" ]

D

sciq-1471

multiple_choice

Atoms of one element can be transformed into another through which process?

[ "nuclear reactions", "developed reactions", "longer reactions", "magnetic reactions" ]

A

ai2_arc-1020

multiple_choice

Wind turbines are being used to generate electricity in many parts of the United States. One advantage of wind turbines is that no fossil fuels are burned. Which of the following is a disadvantage of wind turbines?

[ "Wind turbines can emit dangerous radiation if damaged.", "Wind turbine farms must be located near large bodies of water.", "Wind turbines do not produce energy until many years after being built.", "Wind turbine farms require a lot of area compared to how much energy they produce." ]

D

sciq-791

multiple_choice

Combining the voltages of the oxidation and reduction half reactions helps to determine what?

[ "moisture", "magnetic", "slimy", "voltage" ]

D

sciq-9133

multiple_choice

What cause the rippled surface of the ocean?

[ "tides", "earthquakes", "waves", "winds" ]

C

sciq-6154

multiple_choice

The mechanical and digestive processes have one goal: to convert food into molecules small enough to be absorbed by the epithelial cells of what?

[ "stomach cilia", "alveoli", "intestinal villi", "bile ducts" ]

C

ai2_arc-354

multiple_choice

What is one way to change water from a liquid to a solid?

[ "decrease the temperature", "increase the temperature", "decrease the mass", "increase the mass" ]

A

sciq-10288

multiple_choice

Deletions remove one or more what from the dna?

[ "exons", "codons", "nucleotides", "genes" ]

C

sciq-254

multiple_choice

What property makes bone marrow cells ideal for gene therapy?

[ "irreversible reproduction", "Matching", "lifelong reproduction", "behavior reproduction" ]

C

sciq-8734

multiple_choice

During the first several weeks of development, the cells of the endometrium nourish what?

[ "nucleus", "egg", "uterus", "embryo" ]

D

sciq-2800

multiple_choice

What are the outpocketings of the digestive tract that remove nitrogenous wastes and function in osmoregulation?

[ "integumentary tubules", "olivary tubules", "intestinal tubules", "malpighian tubules" ]

D

ai2_arc-434

multiple_choice

What MAJOR advantage does nekton have over plankton in locating food?

[ "Nekton can actively swim.", "Nekton can see in the dark.", "Nekton do not eat much food.", "Nekton can eat anything in the ocean." ]

A

sciq-3911

multiple_choice

What do chemical reactions need to be activated?

[ "products", "food", "energy", "space" ]

C

sciq-3578

multiple_choice

What is the name of the process in which solid food waste is passed out of the body?

[ "regurgitation", "evaporation", "extinction", "elimination" ]

D

sciq-4093

multiple_choice

The renal hilum is the entry and exit site for structures servicing which organs?

[ "brains", "kidneys", "ovaries", "lungs" ]

B

sciq-1007

multiple_choice

What is the smallest and most fundamental unit of matter, consisting of a nucleus surrounded by electrons?

[ "molecule", "proton", "atom", "neutron" ]

C

sciq-7605

multiple_choice

Which latitudes get the most energy from the sun?

[ "polular latitudes", "highest latitudes", "middle latitudes", "lowest latitudes" ]

D

sciq-8821

multiple_choice

Photoreceptors in each ocellus receive light only through the opening where there are none of which cells?

[ "pigmented", "clear", "opqaue", "secreted" ]

A

sciq-7856

multiple_choice

What is the loss of energy available to do work called?

[ "power", "entropy", "negentropy", "force" ]

B

sciq-1686

multiple_choice

The stomach mucosa’s epithelial lining consists only of surface mucus cells, which secrete a protective coat of what?

[ "acidic mucus", "bile mucus", "alkaline mucus", "phosphate mucus" ]

C

sciq-7901

multiple_choice

Acid rain is corrosive rain caused by rainwater falling to the ground through which gas?

[ "essential dioxide", "sulfide dioxide", "carbon dioxide", "sulfur dioxide" ]

D

sciq-10371

multiple_choice

In the humoral response, what protein substances help neutralize or eliminate toxins and pathogens in the blood and lymph?

[ "membranes", "platelets", "parasites", "antibodies" ]

D

sciq-11475

multiple_choice

What part of an experiment or other investigation consists of the individuals or events that are studied?

[ "experimental control", "sample", "hypothesis", "independent variable" ]

B

sciq-4867

multiple_choice

The basic fabric of most biological membranes is a double layer of _________ and other lipids?

[ "solids", "antibodies", "phospholipids", "liquids" ]

C

sciq-3682

multiple_choice

Which process causes rocks at the earth's surface to change form?

[ "bleaching", "remodeling", "weathering", "eroding" ]

C