Jenjamin3000/MNLP_M3_MCQA_before_FT · Datasets at Hugging Face

id stringlengths 6 15	question_type stringclasses 1 value	question stringlengths 15 683	choices listlengths 4 4	answer stringclasses 5 values	explanation stringclasses 481 values
sciq-9775	multiple_choice	The ph scale is a scale used to express the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution. a neutral solution, neither acidic nor basic, has a ph of what?	[ "8", "7", "0", "6" ]	B
sciq-8907	multiple_choice	What do a group of cells that work together form?	[ "organelle", "organ", "molecule", "tissue" ]	D
sciq-3658	multiple_choice	An increase in what, across the periodic table, explains why elements go from metals to metalloids and then to nonmetals?	[ "protons", "neutrons", "temperature", "electrons" ]	D
sciq-4603	multiple_choice	What is the most common type of cancer in adult females?	[ "bone", "breast", "skin", "lung" ]	B
sciq-3736	multiple_choice	What is the process of creating complementary strands of mrna called?	[ "division", "mutation", "differentiation", "transcription" ]	D
sciq-7296	multiple_choice	If a solute is a gas, increasing the temperature will do what?	[ "have no effect", "change to liquid", "decrease its solubility", "increase its solubility" ]	C
sciq-708	multiple_choice	Bacteria reproduce through what process?	[ "binary fission", "tertiary fission", "residual fission", "binary fusion" ]	A
sciq-3799	multiple_choice	Reactant concentrations are highest at which part of a reaction?	[ "concurrent", "middle", "ending", "beginning" ]	D
sciq-115	multiple_choice	What renewable energy source converts energy from the sunlight into electricity?	[ "geothermal energy", "hydrostatic energy", "geophysical energy", "solar energy" ]	D
sciq-2346	multiple_choice	Reflected in their relatively high level of intelligence and their ability to learn new behaviors, what organs tend to be relatively large in primates?	[ "lungs", "brains", "hearts", "kidneys" ]	B
ai2_arc-38	multiple_choice	Puddles on a sidewalk are evaporating quickly. What most likely causes the puddles to evaporate?	[ "heat", "clouds", "air", "water" ]	A
scienceQA-7455	multiple_choice	What do these two changes have in common? an old sandwich rotting in a trashcan chicken cooking in an oven	[ "Both are chemical changes.", "Both are only physical changes.", "Both are caused by cooling.", "Both are caused by heating." ]	A	Step 1: Think about each change. A sandwich rotting is a chemical change. The matter in the sandwich breaks down and slowly turns into a different type of matter. Cooking chicken is a chemical change. The heat causes the matter in the chicken to change. Cooked chicken and raw chicken are different types of matter. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different. Both are caused by heating. Cooking is caused by heating. But a sandwich rotting is not. Both are caused by cooling. Neither change is caused by cooling.
sciq-1985	multiple_choice	Some metals, such as gold and platinum, do not corrode easily because they are very resistant to what?	[ "heat", "precipitation", "oxidation", "evaporation" ]	C
sciq-3206	multiple_choice	What in mammalian lungs, increases the surface area for gas exchange?	[ "thorax", "alveoli", "bronchioles", "bronchi" ]	B
sciq-9764	multiple_choice	What do we call the solid form of hydrocarbons?	[ "coal", "methane", "bauxite", "shale" ]	A
scienceQA-7692	multiple_choice	What do these two changes have in common? a piece of avocado turning brown roasting a marshmallow over a campfire	[ "Both are caused by heating.", "Both are chemical changes.", "Both are caused by cooling.", "Both are only physical changes." ]	B	Step 1: Think about each change. A piece of avocado turning brown is a chemical change. The avocado reacts with oxygen in the air to form a different type of matter. If you scrape off the brown part of the avocado, the inside will still be green. The inside hasn't touched the air. So the chemical change hasn't happened to that part of the avocado. Roasting a marshmallow is a chemical change. The type of matter on the outside of the marshmallow changes. As a marshmallow is roasted, it turns brown and crispy. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different. Both are caused by heating. Roasting is caused by heating. But a piece of avocado turning brown is not. Both are caused by cooling. Neither change is caused by cooling.
sciq-4066	multiple_choice	What do ants and termites eat to help them digest wood and leaves?	[ "pollen", "berries", "fungi", "yeast" ]	C
sciq-5941	multiple_choice	The human skeleton is an endoskeleton that consists of 206 bones in the adult. it has five main functions: providing support to the body, storing minerals and lipids, producing blood cells, protecting internal organs, and this?	[ "Forward movement", "allowing movement", "more movement", "enough movement" ]	B
scienceQA-8095	multiple_choice	What do these two changes have in common? photosynthesis cooking an egg	[ "Both are only physical changes.", "Both are chemical changes.", "Both are caused by cooling.", "Both are caused by heating." ]	B	Step 1: Think about each change. Photosynthesis is a chemical change. Plants make sugar using carbon dioxide, water, and energy from sunlight. Cooking an egg is a chemical change. The heat causes the matter in the egg to change. Cooked egg and raw egg are different types of matter. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different. Both are caused by heating. Cooking is caused by heating. But photosynthesis is not. Both are caused by cooling. Neither change is caused by cooling.
sciq-11388	multiple_choice	What is the first stage of cellular respiration called?	[ "glycolysis", "reproduction", "appetite", "photosynthesis" ]	A
sciq-10701	multiple_choice	Lead shielding is used to block what type of rays?	[ "alpha", "ultraviolet", "toxic", "gamma" ]	D
sciq-2764	multiple_choice	Saltwater is a homogeneous mixture, another term for what?	[ "solution", "structure", "lipid", "element" ]	A
sciq-8752	multiple_choice	Which part of the nerve cell helps transmit nerve impulses?	[ "synapses", "long, threadlike extensions", "cell walls", "dendrites" ]	B
scienceQA-9035	multiple_choice	What do these two changes have in common? water vapor condensing on a bathroom mirror sediment settling to the bottom of a muddy puddle	[ "Both are caused by cooling.", "Both are caused by heating.", "Both are only physical changes.", "Both are chemical changes." ]	C	Step 1: Think about each change. Water vapor condensing on a bathroom mirror is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The water changes state from gas in the air to liquid water on the mirror. But the water vapor and the liquid water are both made of water. Loose matter such as sand and dirt is called sediment. Sediment settling to the bottom of a muddy puddle is a physical change. The sediment sinks, and the water above becomes clearer. This separates the water from the sediment. But separating a mixture does not form a different type of matter. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are physical changes. No new matter is created. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes. Both are caused by heating. Neither change is caused by heating. Both are caused by cooling. Water vapor condensing is caused by cooling. But sediment settling to the bottom of a muddy puddle is not.
sciq-5470	multiple_choice	What is the measure of sound intensity levels?	[ "centimeters", "octaves", "decibels", "moles" ]	C
sciq-2600	multiple_choice	What do we call water that has been used for cleaning, washing, flushing, or manufacturing?	[ "wastewater", "sewage", "Grey water", "groundwater" ]	A
sciq-1323	multiple_choice	What are the three fundamental phases of matter?	[ "fast, slow, normal", "air, water, and land", "solid, liquid, and gas", "big, small. and medium" ]	C
sciq-9625	multiple_choice	What is the name for the amount of water vapor in the air?	[ "heat", "humidity", "ambient", "viscosity" ]	B
sciq-8089	multiple_choice	What instrument made it possible to study pressure quantitatively?	[ "thermometer", "seismograph", "barometer", "anemometer" ]	C
sciq-10885	multiple_choice	An electron in an atom is completely described by four of what?	[ "photosynthesis numbers", "quantum numbers", "decay numbers", "prime bumbers" ]	B
sciq-4040	multiple_choice	What type of numbers specify the arrangement of electrons in orbitals?	[ "fusion numbers", "quantum numbers", "stream numbers", "ionic numbers" ]	B
sciq-830	multiple_choice	What is the type of cancer in which bone marrow produces abnormal white blood cells that cannot fight infections?	[ "pneumonia", "leukemia", "lymphedema", "melanoma" ]	B
sciq-7135	multiple_choice	What happens to the reaction rate over the course of a reaction?	[ "speeds up", "reverses", "slows down", "stays the same" ]	C
sciq-1646	multiple_choice	Evolution occurs by what process whereby better-adapted members pass along their traits, according to darwin?	[ "organic selection", "natural selection", "natural change", "spontaneous variation" ]	B
sciq-8810	multiple_choice	What is the common term for animals in the phylum porifera?	[ "sharks", "corals", "crustaceans", "sponges" ]	D
sciq-10404	multiple_choice	What is the term for water that falls from clouds?	[ "lightning", "wind", "precipitation", "atmosphere" ]	C
sciq-10960	multiple_choice	Which type of cell division halves the number of chromosomes?	[ "budding", "fragmentation", "mitosis", "meiosis" ]	D
scienceQA-9638	multiple_choice	Select the vertebrate.	[ "red-spotted purple butterfly", "bess beetle", "domestic cat", "earthworm" ]	C	A bess beetle is an insect. Like other insects, a bess beetle is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton. A domestic cat is a mammal. Like other mammals, a domestic cat is a vertebrate. It has a backbone. An earthworm is a worm. Like other worms, an earthworm is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a soft body. A red-spotted purple butterfly is an insect. Like other insects, a red-spotted purple butterfly is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.
ai2_arc-329	multiple_choice	Which of the following is an example of a chemical change?	[ "clouds forming", "sugar dissolving", "water freezing", "a candle burning" ]	D
sciq-4393	multiple_choice	What science is the study of the occurrence, distribution, and determinants of health and disease in a population?	[ "epidemiology", "physiology", "histology", "toxicology" ]	A
sciq-767	multiple_choice	Which cycle is named after the scientist melvin calvin?	[ "melvin cycle", "calvin cycle", "krebs cycle", "melcal cycle" ]	B
sciq-276	multiple_choice	The mass of atoms is based on the number of protons and neutrons in what?	[ "nucleus", "molecules", "electrons", "components" ]	A
sciq-875	multiple_choice	What gas is released into the atmosphere when fossil fuels are burned?	[ "co2", "helium", "glucose", "hydrogen" ]	A
ai2_arc-15	multiple_choice	A ship leaks a large amount of oil near a coastal area. Which statement describes how the oil most likely will affect the coastal habitat?	[ "Fish reproduction rates will increase.", "Water birds will be unable to use their wings.", "Water plants will be exposed to more sunlight.", "Coastal plants will have access to more nutrients." ]	B
sciq-4821	multiple_choice	How many pairs of chromosomes are there?	[ "23", "17", "13", "2" ]	A
sciq-3805	multiple_choice	What is the body of a roundworm covered with?	[ "slime", "tough cuticle", "thick scales", "thin epidermis" ]	B
ai2_arc-1103	multiple_choice	Swamp plants die, fall to the ground, and are buried by other dying plants. Approximately how long would it take for plants to possibly become a fossil fuel?	[ "1,000,000 years", "100,000 years", "10,000 years", "1,000 years" ]	A
sciq-9741	multiple_choice	What are objects that are launched into the air called?	[ "stones", "projectiles", "booms", "shoots" ]	B
sciq-9589	multiple_choice	Liquid hcl can be used to do what to the ph of a swimming pool?	[ "heighten it", "increase it", "lower it", "raise it" ]	C
sciq-3500	multiple_choice	What is an organic compound made up of small molecules called amino acids called?	[ "a protein", "a compound", "a fat", "a carbohydrate" ]	A
sciq-4284	multiple_choice	Just under their skin, marine mammals have a very thick layer of insulating fat called what?	[ "blubber", "lipisomes", "tissue", "cellulose" ]	A
sciq-728	multiple_choice	What light-producing process occurs when a substance absorbs shorter-wavelength ultraviolet light and then gives off the energy as visible light?	[ "fluorescence", "luminescence", "resistance", "candescence" ]	A
sciq-9495	multiple_choice	What liquid is referred to as the "universal solvent"?	[ "gasoline", "bromine", "blood", "water" ]	D
ai2_arc-643	multiple_choice	A child rides a wagon down a hill. Eventually, the wagon comes to a stop. Which is most responsible for causing the wagon to stop?	[ "gravity acting on the wagon", "friction acting on the wagon", "the mass of the wagon", "the mass of the child" ]	B
sciq-5124	multiple_choice	What are lipids' function in relation to nerves?	[ "reproduction", "protection", "conservation", "transportation" ]	B
sciq-10332	multiple_choice	What type of bacteria change nitrogen gas from the atmosphere to nitrates in soil?	[ "spiral bacteria", "hydrophylic bacteria", "multicellular bacteria", "nitrogen fixing bacteria" ]	D
sciq-1731	multiple_choice	What is the major selective advantage of myelination?	[ "space efficiency", "potentiation", "heat regulation", "storage capacity" ]	A
sciq-8264	multiple_choice	The way a mineral cleaves or fractures depends on what part of the mineral?	[ "the core", "the fault structure", "the crust", "the crystal structure" ]	D
sciq-4011	multiple_choice	What causes halide minerals to form?	[ "salt water accumulation", "salt water evaporation", "salt water ionization", "fresh water ionization" ]	B
sciq-25	multiple_choice	This sharing of electrons produces what is known as a covalent bond. covalent bonds are ~20 to 50 times stronger than what?	[ "Newton's third law", "van der waals interactions", "Mendelian systems", "gravitational pull" ]	B
sciq-5526	multiple_choice	What can be used to determine the mass of a quantity of material?	[ "molar masses", "atomic masses", "gravitational mass", "inertial mass" ]	A
ai2_arc-400	multiple_choice	Which of the following data would be most useful for describing the climate of a specific area?	[ "average weekly wind speeds for 1 month", "daily relative humidity levels for 18 months", "total annual precipitation amounts for 2 years", "average high and low monthly temperatures for 20 years" ]	D
sciq-10131	multiple_choice	What is the time it takes for radioactive substance to decay?	[ "full-life", "deterioration rate", "decay rate", "half-life" ]	D
sciq-6679	multiple_choice	What is a region of repetitive noncoding nucleotide sequences at each end of a chromosome?	[ "diploid", "cellular", "telomere", "cytoskeleton" ]	C
sciq-1072	multiple_choice	Low levels of thyroid hormones in the blood cause the release of what by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland?	[ "bases", "enzymes", "acids", "hormones" ]	D
sciq-5665	multiple_choice	What do the hair cells in the cochlea release when they bend?	[ "receptors", "hormones", "lipids", "neurotransmitters" ]	D
sciq-11342	multiple_choice	Hiv is a retrovirus, which means it reverse transcribes its rna genome into what?	[ "amino acid chains", "ribosomes", "dna", "atp" ]	C
sciq-10858	multiple_choice	What system of organs delivers blood to all cells of the body?	[ "cardiovascular", "integumentary", "gastrointestinal", "respiratory" ]	A
sciq-8341	multiple_choice	Nucleic acids are polymers made of monomers called what?	[ "carotenoids", "loops", "nucleotides", "peptides" ]	C
sciq-5754	multiple_choice	What state of matter exists if particles do not have enough kinetic energy to overcome the force of attraction between them?	[ "plasma", "gas", "liquid", "solid" ]	D
sciq-9950	multiple_choice	What force holds together both types of star clusters?	[ "weight", "magnetism", "gravity", "inertia" ]	C
sciq-4703	multiple_choice	At the time of birth, bones of the brain case are separated by what wide areas of fibrous connective tissue, which later become sutures?	[ "fontanelles", "sporozoans", "cerebellum", "fluctuations" ]	A
sciq-3580	multiple_choice	What is the microtubule-organizing center found near the nuclei of animal cells?	[ "lysosome", "spliceosome", "centrosome", "entrosome" ]	C
ai2_arc-335	multiple_choice	Which action will result in a product with new chemical properties?	[ "shredding a newspaper", "breaking a mirror", "cutting wood", "popping popcorn" ]	D
sciq-9326	multiple_choice	Single-displacement reactions are a subset of what?	[ "kinetic reactions", "redox reactions", "particle reactions", "gravitational reactions" ]	B
sciq-4923	multiple_choice	Budding is a form of what type of reproduction in tunicates?	[ "sexual", "asexual", "nuclear", "microscopic" ]	B
sciq-4225	multiple_choice	What cell structures are like storage centers and tend to be larger in plant cells?	[ "alleles", "tubules", "vacuoles", "nuclei" ]	C
sciq-1061	multiple_choice	Because they spread seeds, fruits are an agent of what?	[ "predation", "dispersal", "propagation", "disposal" ]	B
sciq-5980	multiple_choice	A fundamental particle of matter, protons and neutrons are made of these?	[ "quarks", "particles", "atoms", "neutrinos" ]	A
sciq-7887	multiple_choice	All matter in the universe is composed of one or more unique pure substances called what?	[ "molecules", "elements", "atoms", "compounds" ]	B
sciq-10939	multiple_choice	What is the process of processing used material into new ones called?	[ "renew", "recycling", "reuse", "remake" ]	B
sciq-2143	multiple_choice	What does the precise pattern of a crystal depend on?	[ "mass", "compound", "age", "chance" ]	B
sciq-7090	multiple_choice	What helps cells take up glucose from the blood?	[ "hemoglobin", "oxygen", "insulin", "estrogen" ]	C
sciq-10143	multiple_choice	Said to go hand-in-hand with science, what evolves as new materials, designs, and processes are invented?	[ "invention", "technology", "industry", "biology" ]	B
sciq-6680	multiple_choice	What is the color of mercury oxide?	[ "green", "yellow", "orange", "red" ]	D
sciq-10505	multiple_choice	Since electrons are charged, their intrinsic spin creates a what?	[ "intrinsic magnetic field", "intrinsic electrical field", "magnified rupulsed field", "suppressed electrical field" ]	A
sciq-1120	multiple_choice	When bread bakes, yeast releases which gas?	[ "carbon dioxide", "hydrogen", "oxygen", "carbon monoxide" ]	A
sciq-3276	multiple_choice	Chemical reactions always involve what?	[ "physical change", "energy", "heating", "fuel" ]	B
ai2_arc-1107	multiple_choice	Why are the rocks and pebbles found on riverbeds usually smooth?	[ "The rocks and pebbles in riverbeds are not very old.", "The rocks and pebbles rub against each other as water flows over them.", "Rivers can only flow over smooth rocks and pebbles.", "Organisms in the rivers break down the rocks and pebbles." ]	B
sciq-9823	multiple_choice	What is the clear, protective covering on the outside of the eye?	[ "cornea", "retina", "vitreous fluid", "iris" ]	A
sciq-4554	multiple_choice	What is a pair of valence electrons in a bonded atom that does not participate in bonding called?	[ "hostile pair", "lone pair", "opposite pair", "isolated pair" ]	B
sciq-4332	multiple_choice	What do earth and the other planets in the solar system make around the sun?	[ "elliptical orbits", "radial orbits", "smooth orbits", "elevated orbits" ]	A
sciq-3574	multiple_choice	Which theory is the idea that the characteristics of living organisms are controlled by genes, which are passed from parents to their offspring?	[ "gene theory", "species theory", "fossil theory", "evolution theory" ]	A
sciq-5455	multiple_choice	What is the attachment of ducklings to their mother an example of?	[ "imprinting", "validating", "magnetism", "impressionism" ]	A
sciq-8032	multiple_choice	Compared to red light, blue light has a shorter what?	[ "gravity", "life span", "wavelength", "absorption" ]	C
sciq-4349	multiple_choice	How do gametophyte plants form haploid gametes?	[ "during after omniosis", "during after mitosis", "during omniosis", "through mitosis" ]	D
ai2_arc-425	multiple_choice	Which characteristic do single-celled organisms and multicellular organisms have in common?	[ "Both have cells with specialized functions for each life process.", "Both perform all life processes within one cell.", "Both have a way to get rid of waste materials.", "Both are able to make food from sunlight." ]	C
sciq-4587	multiple_choice	The word antibiotic comes from the greek anti, meaning “against,” and bios, meaning this?	[ "virus", "life", "germ", "bacteria" ]	B
sciq-467	multiple_choice	By shocking ocean water, earthquakes can cause what deadly ocean waves?	[ "typhoons", "ebb tides", "tsunamis", "deep currents" ]	C
sciq-5898	multiple_choice	What is the term for the method of sending out ultrasound waves to determine the locations of objects?	[ "magnetism", "catabolism", "echolocation", "morphology" ]	C

sciq-9775

multiple_choice

The ph scale is a scale used to express the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution. a neutral solution, neither acidic nor basic, has a ph of what?

[ "8", "7", "0", "6" ]

B

sciq-8907

multiple_choice

What do a group of cells that work together form?

[ "organelle", "organ", "molecule", "tissue" ]

D

sciq-3658

multiple_choice

An increase in what, across the periodic table, explains why elements go from metals to metalloids and then to nonmetals?

[ "protons", "neutrons", "temperature", "electrons" ]

D

sciq-4603

multiple_choice

What is the most common type of cancer in adult females?

[ "bone", "breast", "skin", "lung" ]

B

sciq-3736

multiple_choice

What is the process of creating complementary strands of mrna called?

[ "division", "mutation", "differentiation", "transcription" ]

D

sciq-7296

multiple_choice

If a solute is a gas, increasing the temperature will do what?

[ "have no effect", "change to liquid", "decrease its solubility", "increase its solubility" ]

C

sciq-708

multiple_choice

Bacteria reproduce through what process?

[ "binary fission", "tertiary fission", "residual fission", "binary fusion" ]

A

sciq-3799

multiple_choice

Reactant concentrations are highest at which part of a reaction?

[ "concurrent", "middle", "ending", "beginning" ]

D

sciq-115

multiple_choice

What renewable energy source converts energy from the sunlight into electricity?

[ "geothermal energy", "hydrostatic energy", "geophysical energy", "solar energy" ]

D

sciq-2346

multiple_choice

Reflected in their relatively high level of intelligence and their ability to learn new behaviors, what organs tend to be relatively large in primates?

[ "lungs", "brains", "hearts", "kidneys" ]

B

ai2_arc-38

multiple_choice

Puddles on a sidewalk are evaporating quickly. What most likely causes the puddles to evaporate?

[ "heat", "clouds", "air", "water" ]

A

scienceQA-7455

multiple_choice

What do these two changes have in common? an old sandwich rotting in a trashcan chicken cooking in an oven

[ "Both are chemical changes.", "Both are only physical changes.", "Both are caused by cooling.", "Both are caused by heating." ]

A

Step 1: Think about each change. A sandwich rotting is a chemical change. The matter in the sandwich breaks down and slowly turns into a different type of matter. Cooking chicken is a chemical change. The heat causes the matter in the chicken to change. Cooked chicken and raw chicken are different types of matter. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different. Both are caused by heating. Cooking is caused by heating. But a sandwich rotting is not. Both are caused by cooling. Neither change is caused by cooling.

sciq-1985

multiple_choice

Some metals, such as gold and platinum, do not corrode easily because they are very resistant to what?

[ "heat", "precipitation", "oxidation", "evaporation" ]

C

sciq-3206

multiple_choice

What in mammalian lungs, increases the surface area for gas exchange?

[ "thorax", "alveoli", "bronchioles", "bronchi" ]

B

sciq-9764

multiple_choice

What do we call the solid form of hydrocarbons?

[ "coal", "methane", "bauxite", "shale" ]

A

scienceQA-7692

multiple_choice

What do these two changes have in common? a piece of avocado turning brown roasting a marshmallow over a campfire

[ "Both are caused by heating.", "Both are chemical changes.", "Both are caused by cooling.", "Both are only physical changes." ]

B

Step 1: Think about each change. A piece of avocado turning brown is a chemical change. The avocado reacts with oxygen in the air to form a different type of matter. If you scrape off the brown part of the avocado, the inside will still be green. The inside hasn't touched the air. So the chemical change hasn't happened to that part of the avocado. Roasting a marshmallow is a chemical change. The type of matter on the outside of the marshmallow changes. As a marshmallow is roasted, it turns brown and crispy. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different. Both are caused by heating. Roasting is caused by heating. But a piece of avocado turning brown is not. Both are caused by cooling. Neither change is caused by cooling.

sciq-4066

multiple_choice

What do ants and termites eat to help them digest wood and leaves?

[ "pollen", "berries", "fungi", "yeast" ]

C

sciq-5941

multiple_choice

The human skeleton is an endoskeleton that consists of 206 bones in the adult. it has five main functions: providing support to the body, storing minerals and lipids, producing blood cells, protecting internal organs, and this?

[ "Forward movement", "allowing movement", "more movement", "enough movement" ]

B

scienceQA-8095

multiple_choice

What do these two changes have in common? photosynthesis cooking an egg

[ "Both are only physical changes.", "Both are chemical changes.", "Both are caused by cooling.", "Both are caused by heating." ]

B

Step 1: Think about each change. Photosynthesis is a chemical change. Plants make sugar using carbon dioxide, water, and energy from sunlight. Cooking an egg is a chemical change. The heat causes the matter in the egg to change. Cooked egg and raw egg are different types of matter. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are chemical changes. They are not physical changes. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are chemical changes. The type of matter before and after each change is different. Both are caused by heating. Cooking is caused by heating. But photosynthesis is not. Both are caused by cooling. Neither change is caused by cooling.

sciq-11388

multiple_choice

What is the first stage of cellular respiration called?

[ "glycolysis", "reproduction", "appetite", "photosynthesis" ]

A

sciq-10701

multiple_choice

Lead shielding is used to block what type of rays?

[ "alpha", "ultraviolet", "toxic", "gamma" ]

D

sciq-2764

multiple_choice

Saltwater is a homogeneous mixture, another term for what?

[ "solution", "structure", "lipid", "element" ]

A

sciq-8752

multiple_choice

Which part of the nerve cell helps transmit nerve impulses?

[ "synapses", "long, threadlike extensions", "cell walls", "dendrites" ]

B

scienceQA-9035

multiple_choice

What do these two changes have in common? water vapor condensing on a bathroom mirror sediment settling to the bottom of a muddy puddle

[ "Both are caused by cooling.", "Both are caused by heating.", "Both are only physical changes.", "Both are chemical changes." ]

C

Step 1: Think about each change. Water vapor condensing on a bathroom mirror is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The water changes state from gas in the air to liquid water on the mirror. But the water vapor and the liquid water are both made of water. Loose matter such as sand and dirt is called sediment. Sediment settling to the bottom of a muddy puddle is a physical change. The sediment sinks, and the water above becomes clearer. This separates the water from the sediment. But separating a mixture does not form a different type of matter. Step 2: Look at each answer choice. Both are only physical changes. Both changes are physical changes. No new matter is created. Both are chemical changes. Both changes are physical changes. They are not chemical changes. Both are caused by heating. Neither change is caused by heating. Both are caused by cooling. Water vapor condensing is caused by cooling. But sediment settling to the bottom of a muddy puddle is not.

sciq-5470

multiple_choice

What is the measure of sound intensity levels?

[ "centimeters", "octaves", "decibels", "moles" ]

C

sciq-2600

multiple_choice

What do we call water that has been used for cleaning, washing, flushing, or manufacturing?

[ "wastewater", "sewage", "Grey water", "groundwater" ]

A

sciq-1323

multiple_choice

What are the three fundamental phases of matter?

[ "fast, slow, normal", "air, water, and land", "solid, liquid, and gas", "big, small. and medium" ]

C

sciq-9625

multiple_choice

What is the name for the amount of water vapor in the air?

[ "heat", "humidity", "ambient", "viscosity" ]

B

sciq-8089

multiple_choice

What instrument made it possible to study pressure quantitatively?

[ "thermometer", "seismograph", "barometer", "anemometer" ]

C

sciq-10885

multiple_choice

An electron in an atom is completely described by four of what?

[ "photosynthesis numbers", "quantum numbers", "decay numbers", "prime bumbers" ]

B

sciq-4040

multiple_choice

What type of numbers specify the arrangement of electrons in orbitals?

[ "fusion numbers", "quantum numbers", "stream numbers", "ionic numbers" ]

B

sciq-830

multiple_choice

What is the type of cancer in which bone marrow produces abnormal white blood cells that cannot fight infections?

[ "pneumonia", "leukemia", "lymphedema", "melanoma" ]

B

sciq-7135

multiple_choice

What happens to the reaction rate over the course of a reaction?

[ "speeds up", "reverses", "slows down", "stays the same" ]

C

sciq-1646

multiple_choice

Evolution occurs by what process whereby better-adapted members pass along their traits, according to darwin?

[ "organic selection", "natural selection", "natural change", "spontaneous variation" ]

B

sciq-8810

multiple_choice

What is the common term for animals in the phylum porifera?

[ "sharks", "corals", "crustaceans", "sponges" ]

D

sciq-10404

multiple_choice

What is the term for water that falls from clouds?

[ "lightning", "wind", "precipitation", "atmosphere" ]

C

sciq-10960

multiple_choice

Which type of cell division halves the number of chromosomes?

[ "budding", "fragmentation", "mitosis", "meiosis" ]

D

scienceQA-9638

multiple_choice

Select the vertebrate.

[ "red-spotted purple butterfly", "bess beetle", "domestic cat", "earthworm" ]

C

A bess beetle is an insect. Like other insects, a bess beetle is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton. A domestic cat is a mammal. Like other mammals, a domestic cat is a vertebrate. It has a backbone. An earthworm is a worm. Like other worms, an earthworm is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a soft body. A red-spotted purple butterfly is an insect. Like other insects, a red-spotted purple butterfly is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.

ai2_arc-329

multiple_choice

Which of the following is an example of a chemical change?

[ "clouds forming", "sugar dissolving", "water freezing", "a candle burning" ]

D

sciq-4393

multiple_choice

What science is the study of the occurrence, distribution, and determinants of health and disease in a population?

[ "epidemiology", "physiology", "histology", "toxicology" ]

A

sciq-767

multiple_choice

Which cycle is named after the scientist melvin calvin?

[ "melvin cycle", "calvin cycle", "krebs cycle", "melcal cycle" ]

B

sciq-276

multiple_choice

The mass of atoms is based on the number of protons and neutrons in what?

[ "nucleus", "molecules", "electrons", "components" ]

A

sciq-875

multiple_choice

What gas is released into the atmosphere when fossil fuels are burned?

[ "co2", "helium", "glucose", "hydrogen" ]

A

ai2_arc-15

multiple_choice

A ship leaks a large amount of oil near a coastal area. Which statement describes how the oil most likely will affect the coastal habitat?

[ "Fish reproduction rates will increase.", "Water birds will be unable to use their wings.", "Water plants will be exposed to more sunlight.", "Coastal plants will have access to more nutrients." ]

B

sciq-4821

multiple_choice

How many pairs of chromosomes are there?

[ "23", "17", "13", "2" ]

A

sciq-3805

multiple_choice

What is the body of a roundworm covered with?

[ "slime", "tough cuticle", "thick scales", "thin epidermis" ]

B

ai2_arc-1103

multiple_choice

Swamp plants die, fall to the ground, and are buried by other dying plants. Approximately how long would it take for plants to possibly become a fossil fuel?

[ "1,000,000 years", "100,000 years", "10,000 years", "1,000 years" ]

A

sciq-9741

multiple_choice

What are objects that are launched into the air called?

[ "stones", "projectiles", "booms", "shoots" ]

B

sciq-9589

multiple_choice

Liquid hcl can be used to do what to the ph of a swimming pool?

[ "heighten it", "increase it", "lower it", "raise it" ]

C

sciq-3500

multiple_choice

What is an organic compound made up of small molecules called amino acids called?

[ "a protein", "a compound", "a fat", "a carbohydrate" ]

A

sciq-4284

multiple_choice

Just under their skin, marine mammals have a very thick layer of insulating fat called what?

[ "blubber", "lipisomes", "tissue", "cellulose" ]

A

sciq-728

multiple_choice

What light-producing process occurs when a substance absorbs shorter-wavelength ultraviolet light and then gives off the energy as visible light?

[ "fluorescence", "luminescence", "resistance", "candescence" ]

A

sciq-9495

multiple_choice

What liquid is referred to as the "universal solvent"?

[ "gasoline", "bromine", "blood", "water" ]

D

ai2_arc-643

multiple_choice

A child rides a wagon down a hill. Eventually, the wagon comes to a stop. Which is most responsible for causing the wagon to stop?

[ "gravity acting on the wagon", "friction acting on the wagon", "the mass of the wagon", "the mass of the child" ]

B

sciq-5124

multiple_choice

What are lipids' function in relation to nerves?

[ "reproduction", "protection", "conservation", "transportation" ]

B

sciq-10332

multiple_choice

What type of bacteria change nitrogen gas from the atmosphere to nitrates in soil?

[ "spiral bacteria", "hydrophylic bacteria", "multicellular bacteria", "nitrogen fixing bacteria" ]

D

sciq-1731

multiple_choice

What is the major selective advantage of myelination?

[ "space efficiency", "potentiation", "heat regulation", "storage capacity" ]

A

sciq-8264

multiple_choice

The way a mineral cleaves or fractures depends on what part of the mineral?

[ "the core", "the fault structure", "the crust", "the crystal structure" ]

D

sciq-4011

multiple_choice

What causes halide minerals to form?

[ "salt water accumulation", "salt water evaporation", "salt water ionization", "fresh water ionization" ]

B

sciq-25

multiple_choice

This sharing of electrons produces what is known as a covalent bond. covalent bonds are ~20 to 50 times stronger than what?

[ "Newton's third law", "van der waals interactions", "Mendelian systems", "gravitational pull" ]

B

sciq-5526

multiple_choice

What can be used to determine the mass of a quantity of material?

[ "molar masses", "atomic masses", "gravitational mass", "inertial mass" ]

A

ai2_arc-400

multiple_choice

Which of the following data would be most useful for describing the climate of a specific area?

[ "average weekly wind speeds for 1 month", "daily relative humidity levels for 18 months", "total annual precipitation amounts for 2 years", "average high and low monthly temperatures for 20 years" ]

D

sciq-10131

multiple_choice

What is the time it takes for radioactive substance to decay?

[ "full-life", "deterioration rate", "decay rate", "half-life" ]

D

sciq-6679

multiple_choice

What is a region of repetitive noncoding nucleotide sequences at each end of a chromosome?

[ "diploid", "cellular", "telomere", "cytoskeleton" ]

C

sciq-1072

multiple_choice

Low levels of thyroid hormones in the blood cause the release of what by the hypothalamus and pituitary gland?

[ "bases", "enzymes", "acids", "hormones" ]

D

sciq-5665

multiple_choice

What do the hair cells in the cochlea release when they bend?

[ "receptors", "hormones", "lipids", "neurotransmitters" ]

D

sciq-11342

multiple_choice

Hiv is a retrovirus, which means it reverse transcribes its rna genome into what?

[ "amino acid chains", "ribosomes", "dna", "atp" ]

C

sciq-10858

multiple_choice

What system of organs delivers blood to all cells of the body?

[ "cardiovascular", "integumentary", "gastrointestinal", "respiratory" ]

A

sciq-8341

multiple_choice

Nucleic acids are polymers made of monomers called what?

[ "carotenoids", "loops", "nucleotides", "peptides" ]

C

sciq-5754

multiple_choice

What state of matter exists if particles do not have enough kinetic energy to overcome the force of attraction between them?

[ "plasma", "gas", "liquid", "solid" ]

D

sciq-9950

multiple_choice

What force holds together both types of star clusters?

[ "weight", "magnetism", "gravity", "inertia" ]

C

sciq-4703

multiple_choice

At the time of birth, bones of the brain case are separated by what wide areas of fibrous connective tissue, which later become sutures?

[ "fontanelles", "sporozoans", "cerebellum", "fluctuations" ]

A

sciq-3580

multiple_choice

What is the microtubule-organizing center found near the nuclei of animal cells?

[ "lysosome", "spliceosome", "centrosome", "entrosome" ]

C

ai2_arc-335

multiple_choice

Which action will result in a product with new chemical properties?

[ "shredding a newspaper", "breaking a mirror", "cutting wood", "popping popcorn" ]

D

sciq-9326

multiple_choice

Single-displacement reactions are a subset of what?

[ "kinetic reactions", "redox reactions", "particle reactions", "gravitational reactions" ]

B

sciq-4923

multiple_choice

Budding is a form of what type of reproduction in tunicates?

[ "sexual", "asexual", "nuclear", "microscopic" ]

B

sciq-4225

multiple_choice

What cell structures are like storage centers and tend to be larger in plant cells?

[ "alleles", "tubules", "vacuoles", "nuclei" ]

C

sciq-1061

multiple_choice

Because they spread seeds, fruits are an agent of what?

[ "predation", "dispersal", "propagation", "disposal" ]

B

sciq-5980

multiple_choice

A fundamental particle of matter, protons and neutrons are made of these?

[ "quarks", "particles", "atoms", "neutrinos" ]

A

sciq-7887

multiple_choice

All matter in the universe is composed of one or more unique pure substances called what?

[ "molecules", "elements", "atoms", "compounds" ]

B

sciq-10939

multiple_choice

What is the process of processing used material into new ones called?

[ "renew", "recycling", "reuse", "remake" ]

B

sciq-2143

multiple_choice

What does the precise pattern of a crystal depend on?

[ "mass", "compound", "age", "chance" ]

B

sciq-7090

multiple_choice

What helps cells take up glucose from the blood?

[ "hemoglobin", "oxygen", "insulin", "estrogen" ]

C

sciq-10143

multiple_choice

Said to go hand-in-hand with science, what evolves as new materials, designs, and processes are invented?

[ "invention", "technology", "industry", "biology" ]

B

sciq-6680

multiple_choice

What is the color of mercury oxide?

[ "green", "yellow", "orange", "red" ]

D

sciq-10505

multiple_choice

Since electrons are charged, their intrinsic spin creates a what?

[ "intrinsic magnetic field", "intrinsic electrical field", "magnified rupulsed field", "suppressed electrical field" ]

A

sciq-1120

multiple_choice

When bread bakes, yeast releases which gas?

[ "carbon dioxide", "hydrogen", "oxygen", "carbon monoxide" ]

A

sciq-3276

multiple_choice

Chemical reactions always involve what?

[ "physical change", "energy", "heating", "fuel" ]

B

ai2_arc-1107

multiple_choice

Why are the rocks and pebbles found on riverbeds usually smooth?

[ "The rocks and pebbles in riverbeds are not very old.", "The rocks and pebbles rub against each other as water flows over them.", "Rivers can only flow over smooth rocks and pebbles.", "Organisms in the rivers break down the rocks and pebbles." ]

B

sciq-9823

multiple_choice

What is the clear, protective covering on the outside of the eye?

[ "cornea", "retina", "vitreous fluid", "iris" ]

A

sciq-4554

multiple_choice

What is a pair of valence electrons in a bonded atom that does not participate in bonding called?

[ "hostile pair", "lone pair", "opposite pair", "isolated pair" ]

B

sciq-4332

multiple_choice

What do earth and the other planets in the solar system make around the sun?

[ "elliptical orbits", "radial orbits", "smooth orbits", "elevated orbits" ]

A

sciq-3574

multiple_choice

Which theory is the idea that the characteristics of living organisms are controlled by genes, which are passed from parents to their offspring?

[ "gene theory", "species theory", "fossil theory", "evolution theory" ]

A

sciq-5455

multiple_choice

What is the attachment of ducklings to their mother an example of?

[ "imprinting", "validating", "magnetism", "impressionism" ]

A

sciq-8032

multiple_choice

Compared to red light, blue light has a shorter what?

[ "gravity", "life span", "wavelength", "absorption" ]

C

sciq-4349

multiple_choice

How do gametophyte plants form haploid gametes?

[ "during after omniosis", "during after mitosis", "during omniosis", "through mitosis" ]

D

ai2_arc-425

multiple_choice

Which characteristic do single-celled organisms and multicellular organisms have in common?

[ "Both have cells with specialized functions for each life process.", "Both perform all life processes within one cell.", "Both have a way to get rid of waste materials.", "Both are able to make food from sunlight." ]

C

sciq-4587

multiple_choice

The word antibiotic comes from the greek anti, meaning “against,” and bios, meaning this?

[ "virus", "life", "germ", "bacteria" ]

B

sciq-467

multiple_choice

By shocking ocean water, earthquakes can cause what deadly ocean waves?

[ "typhoons", "ebb tides", "tsunamis", "deep currents" ]

C

sciq-5898

multiple_choice

What is the term for the method of sending out ultrasound waves to determine the locations of objects?

[ "magnetism", "catabolism", "echolocation", "morphology" ]

C