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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KCTV
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KCTV (channel 5) is a television station in Kansas City, Missouri, United States, affiliated with CBS. It is owned by Gray Television alongside MyNetworkTV affiliate KSMO-TV (channel 62). Both stations share studios on Shawnee Mission Parkway in Fairway, Kansas, while KCTV's transmitter facility, the KCTV Broadcast Tower, is located in the Union Hill section of Kansas City, Missouri.
Channel 5 was the fourth television channel to go on the air in Kansas City; KCMO-TV began broadcasting on September 27, 1953, as the television adjunct of KCMO radio. Originally an ABC affiliate, it switched to CBS in 1955 as part of a group affiliation agreement negotiated by the Meredith Corporation, which agreed to buy KCMO radio and television less than a week after KCMO-TV began broadcasting. In 1956, the present tower, a Kansas City landmark, was constructed to broadcast the station.
Over protests from Kansas City civic leaders, KCMO-TV moved its studio facilities to Fairway, Kansas, at the end of 1977. Meredith sold the KCMO radio stations in 1983; as this required the television station to change its call sign, it paid a Texas station $25,000 to release the call sign KCTV for use in Kansas City. Gray acquired Meredith in 2021.
History
Establishment
On January 26, 1948, the KCMO Broadcasting Corporation, owner of Kansas City radio station KCMO (810 AM), applied to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) for a permit to build a new television station on channel 5. It would be more than five years before that application was granted, largely because of a four-year freeze on TV station grants. Five different groups had pending applications for new TV stations in Kansas City: KCMO, the New England Broadcasting Company, and Kansas City radio stations KCKN, KMBC, and WHB. The freeze ended in April 1952, at which time KCMO and KMBC were already buying and storing equipment with an eye to starting TV stations, and KCMO had already identified the use of its KCMO-FM tower at its studios at 31st and Grand streets to telecast its station.
While KCMO had already applied for channel 5, KCKN had originally sought channel 2, which was removed from Kansas City in the final 1952 allocations; that station then amended its application to specify channel 5. New England Broadcasting had also filed for channel 5, but its application was dismissed by the FCC in January 1953.
The FCC granted the construction permit on June 3, 1953, at which time KCMO estimated that KCMO-TV would begin in about four months, bringing to the city additional network programs that WDAF-TV, the only pre-freeze TV station in the city, could not fit in its schedule. This was the first VHF station construction permit awarded in Kansas City since the end of the freeze; a UHF station, KCTY, had been awarded for channel 25. The grant of KCMO-TV's permit spurred KMBC and WHB, applicants for channel 9, to combine their bids and seek shared-time use of the channel. The FCC promptly approved on June 25, an
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KSMO-TV
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KSMO-TV (channel 62) is a television station in Kansas City, Missouri, United States, affiliated with MyNetworkTV. It is owned by Gray Television alongside CBS affiliate KCTV (channel 5). Both stations share studios on Shawnee Mission Parkway in Fairway, Kansas, while KSMO-TV's transmitter is located in Independence, Missouri.
Channel 62 in Kansas City began broadcasting as KEKR-TV in 1983, changing its call letters to KZKC in 1985. Originally owned by Media Central of Chattanooga, Tennessee, it suffered for most of its first decade on air from a management style more suited to stations in smaller markets, inferior programming, and a poor reputation. In 1988, the station was fined for airing an indecent film in prime time, attracting national attention. Financial issues also strapped KZKC, particularly after Media Central entered bankruptcy reorganization in 1987.
KZKC was sold out of bankruptcy to First American National Bank of Nashville, Tennessee, in early 1990; the bank quickly sold the station to ABRY Communications. ABRY instituted a top-to-bottom overhaul of programming and facilities, changing the call letters to KSMO-TV in April 1991. The relaunched channel 62 cemented itself as the primary sports and children's station in Kansas City; from 1990 to 1995, viewership tripled and advertising revenue quadrupled. ABRY affiliated the station with UPN upon its January 1995 debut. The station also was the broadcast home of Kansas City Royals baseball for four years, further increasing its visibility.
Sinclair Broadcast Group exercised an option to buy KSMO-TV in December 1995. The station dropped UPN in January 1998 after a corporate dispute between Sinclair and the network; two months later, the station became the new Kansas City affiliate of The WB. With the company focusing on duopolies elsewhere and unable to buy a second station in Kansas City, Sinclair sold KSMO-TV to the Meredith Corporation, then-owner of KCTV, in 2005 after Meredith assumed operating control the year before. The station affiliated with MyNetworkTV upon the merger of UPN and The WB into The CW in 2006, and it also added newscasts from KCTV and other local programming to its lineup. Gray acquired Meredith in 2021, the same year that the station converted to ATSC 3.0 (NextGen TV) broadcasting.
History
KEKR-TV: Construction and launch
Several applications had been made for channel 62 in Kansas City in the late 1960s, including by Dick Bailey and TVue Associates, but interest around the channel allocation started in earnest at the end of the 1970s, as several business ventures around the country analyzed using unused UHF channels in major cities to broadcast subscription television (STV) programming. In 1977, Buford Television of Tyler, Texas, and SelecTV of Kansas City, Inc., both made applications to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) seeking to establish channel 62 in Kansas City and use it to broadcast STV to paying subscribers, even though Kansas City had
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequest
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Sequest (often stylized as SEQUEST) is a tandem mass spectrometry data analysis program used for protein identification. Sequest identifies collections of tandem mass spectra to peptide sequences that have been generated from databases of protein sequences.
Algorithm
Sequest identifies each tandem mass spectrum individually. The software evaluates protein sequences from a database to compute the list of peptides that could result from each. The peptide's intact mass is known from the mass spectrum, and Sequest uses this information to determine the set of candidate peptides sequences that could meaningfully be compared to the spectrum by including only those near the mass of the observed peptide ion. For each candidate peptide, Sequest projects a theoretical tandem mass spectrum, and Sequest compares these theoretical spectra to the observed tandem mass spectrum by the use of cross correlation. The candidate sequence with the best matching theoretical tandem mass spectrum is reported as the best identification for this spectrum.
See also
Bottom-up proteomics
Mascot (software)
Shotgun proteomics
References
External links
https://proteomicsresource.washington.edu/protocols06/sequest.php
Proteomics
Bioinformatics software
Mass spectrometry software
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soundstream
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Soundstream Inc. was the first United States audiophile digital audio recording company, providing commercial services for recording and computer-based editing.
Company
Soundstream was founded in 1975 in Salt Lake City, Utah by Dr. Thomas G. Stockham, Jr. The company provided worldwide on-location recording services to Telarc, Delos, RCA, Philips, Vanguard, Varèse Sarabande, Angel, Warner Brothers, CBS, Decca, Chalfont, and other labels. They manufactured a total of 18 digital recorders, of which seven were sold and the rest leased out. Although most recordings were of classical music, the range included country, rock, jazz, pop, and avant-garde.
The first US live digital recording was made in 1976 by Soundstream's prototype 37 kHz, 16-bit, two channel recorder. New World Records recorded the Santa Fe Opera's performance of Virgil Thomson's The Mother of Us All, and provided Soundstream with a stereo feed from their multitrack console. Soundstream demonstrated this recording at the Fall 1976 AES Convention; however the resulting record was pressed not from the digital master but from the analog tape that New World recorded themselves concurrently. Critiques of the recording, most notably from Telarc's Jack Renner and Robert Woods, led directly to the improved four-channel, 50 kHz sample rate recorder that was used for all of Soundstream's future commercial releases.
Also in 1976, Soundstream restored acoustic (pre-electronic) recordings of Enrico Caruso, by digitizing the recordings on a computer, and processing them using a technique called "blind deconvolution". These were released by RCA Records as "Caruso – A Legendary Performer". In subsequent years Soundstream restored most of the RCA Caruso catalog, as well as some RCA recordings by Irish tenor John McCormack.
Soundstream's first commercially released recording, Diahann Carroll With the Duke Ellington Orchestra Under The Direction Of Mercer Ellington – A Tribute To Ethel Waters (on the Orinda label) appeared in January 1978. Over the next three years, almost 50% of all classical music recorded digitally used Soundstream equipment, over 200 recordings in all. The Canadian rock band, True Myth, recorded their self-titled debut album using the Soundstream unit, the first Canadian digital recording. The band recorded the album live to two-track stereo in Jack Richardson's studio, Nimbus Nine, located in Toronto, Canada.
Unlike its competitors, Soundstream's analog circuitry was transformerless, permitting a frequency response to 0Hz (DC). This accounted for the "bass drum heard round the world" review of the 1978 Telarc recording of Frederick Fennell: The Cleveland Symphonic Winds. Soundstream collaborated with Telarc for several years, producing legendary symphonic recordings; the earliest ones are chronicled in Renner. The care with which Telarc selected and used its microphones and audio console, combined with the Soundstream recorder, created a gold standard for audiophile recordi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%27s%20a%20Mystery%2C%20Charlie%20Brown
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It's a Mystery, Charlie Brown is the 11th prime-time animated television special based upon the popular comic strip Peanuts, by Charles M. Schulz. It was originally aired on the CBS network on February 1, 1974. This was the first Charlie Brown television special that Bill Melendez did not direct, but he still served as producer and provided the voices of Snoopy and Woodstock.
Summary
While building a nest on his tree, Woodstock has trouble keeping the straw for it together; and it falls apart and causes Woodstock and all the straw to fall to the ground. After a few unsuccessful attempts, Woodstock finally ties the straw together in a unique manner which makes it safe and secure.
Meanwhile, Sally vents her frustration to Charlie Brown over being assigned another science project.
Woodstock's nest disappears the next afternoon, so he turns to Snoopy for help. Adopting the guise of Sherlock Holmes, Snoopy and Woodstock go on the hunt for the missing nest.
Most of the places they check include:
Charlie Brown's house, where they wake him up and give him the third degree. He naturally denies anything about taking the nest.
Lucy and Linus' house, using an excessive amount of dust to check for fingerprints. Snoopy eventually finds a broom straw and believes this is enough evidence to make Lucy a suspect. He tries to handcuff her, but she throws him out of the house.
Marcie's house, where Snoopy pulls out his notepad and questions her on the whereabouts of the nest. She is unable to understand Snoopy in his dog language and slams the door in his face.
Pig-Pen's house, where Snoopy immediately dismisses him as a suspect once he answers the door in his usual dusty trademark fashion entrance. As Snoopy takes off, Pig-Pen tells him to come back anytime because he does not get many visitors.
Finally, the home of Peppermint Patty, who thinks Snoopy is playing Cops and Robbers, so she dons a burglar mask and chases him through her house. Frightened, Snoopy and Woodstock escape.
Upon stopping back at Woodstock's tree, Snoopy takes more notice of a set of footprints he had seen before; they lead away from Woodstock's tree, so the two follow them straight to the elementary school. After making their way inside through an open window, they ultimately find Woodstock's nest under glass in a display case. The two grab the nest and run back to Woodstock's tree where Snoopy sets it back in its proper place.
The next day, Sally complains to Charlie Brown that her science exhibit has been stolen. When she reveals that her exhibit was a so-called "prehistoric bird's nest", Charlie Brown puts two and two together and realizes it was she who took Woodstock's nest. Sally claims that the nest had to have been "prehistoric" since the straw was tied together unusually.
Even with Charlie Brown's explanation that the nest was made by Woodstock, Sally is convinced that since she found the nest, it belongs to her. When she encounters Snoopy and Woodstock, she demands tha
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/He%27s%20Your%20Dog%2C%20Charlie%20Brown
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He's Your Dog, Charlie Brown is the fifth prime-time animated TV special based upon the popular comic strip Peanuts, by Charles M. Schulz. It was originally broadcast on the CBS network on February 14, 1968.
Plot
Snoopy's persistent mischief is angering the other kids in the neighborhood, and they all demand that Charlie Brown do something about it, as Snoopy is his dog. To appease them, Charlie Brown decides to send a reluctant Snoopy back to his birthplace, the Daisy Hill Puppy Farm, for obedience training. As it is a two-day trip, Charlie Brown calls Peppermint Patty and asks to let Snoopy stay there for one night en route; Peppermint Patty agrees, but a scheming Snoopy decides to stay on and has her waiting on him hand and foot, which confuses her.
A week later, the Puppy Farm calls Charlie Brown to inform him that Snoopy never arrived. Realizing Snoopy is still at Peppermint Patty's house, Charlie Brown goes over to her house with a leash to take Snoopy home, but the dog escapes and runs back. Peppermint Patty lets Snoopy stay, but instead of returning to the easy life he enjoyed before, she puts him to work doing menial chores, much to his dismay.
As the other children start to miss Snoopy, Charlie Brown tries again to bring him home, but Snoopy breaks the leash and sends Charlie Brown away. That night, while doing dishes, Snoopy becomes infuriated and angrily starts breaking dishes, and Peppermint Patty puts him in the garage as punishment. While there, Snoopy realizes that he had a better life at home and starts to howl incessantly. When Peppermint Patty comes out to check on him, he knocks her down, dashes out the garage, gathers all his belongings from inside the house and runs back home to an overjoyed Charlie Brown, with whom he compromises on promising to behave if his master doesn't send him away. The next day, after taking Linus on a wild blanket ride and picking a fight with Lucy, the other children are also glad that Snoopy is back. Contented, Snoopy goes to nap on his dog house.
Cast
Peter Robbins as Charlie Brown
Bill Melendez as Snoopy
Sally Dryer as Lucy van Pelt
Christopher Shea as Linus van Pelt
Gail DeFaria as Peppermint Patty
Glenn Mendelson as Schroeder
Ann Altieri as Violet
Lisa DeFaria as Patty
Matthew Liftin as 5
Roy appears but does not have a speaking role.
Credits
Created and Written by: Charles M. Schulz
Produced and Directed by: Bill Melendez
Executive Producer: Lee Mendelson
Original Score Composed and Performed by: Vince Guaraldi
Arranged and Conducted by: John Scott Trotter
Graphic Blandishment by: Ruth Kissane, Frank Smith, Dean Spille, Beverly Robbins, Bob Carlson, Ed Levitt, Frank Braxton, Bernard Gruver, Dick Thompson, Bill Littlejohn, Phil Roman, Bob Matz, Eleanor Warren, Faith Kovaleski, Manuel Perez, Jan Green, Alan Zaslove, Gwenn Dotzler
Editing: Robert T. Gillis
Assisted by: Steven Melendez
Sound by: Producers' Sound Service
Camera: Nick Vasu
Production notes
He's Your Dog, Charlie Brown was th
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WCKW
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WCKW (1010 AM) is an American radio station licensed to serve the community of Garyville, Louisiana, United States. The station is owned by Covenant Network.
Programming
WCKW broadcasts a Catholic radio format to the greater New Orleans area, most notably the River Parishes of St. John the Baptist, St. Charles, and St. James.
History
The station signed on in December 1970 as country music outlet WKQT, the sister station of WCKW-FM. These stations were founded by Sidney Joseph Levet III, a New Orleans native and an electronic engineer. In February 1990, Levet was named Broadcaster of the Year by the Louisiana Association of Broadcasters. (Levet died in 1997.)
By 1973, both stations became simulcasts with the AM becoming WCKW on March 2, 1985. After the FM flipped to active rock, the AM was sold in 2000 to River Parishes Radio, who switched it to a gospel format. The station briefly became "WLTS" on October 20, 2000, but the station was reassigned the call sign "WCKW" by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) on November 24, 2000. Covenant Network purchased the station on January 2, 2007 and began transmitting its Catholic programming.
References
External links
WCKW-AM Radio Tower toppled (1988) on YouTube
WCKW
Radio stations established in 1970
Catholic radio stations
1970 establishments in Louisiana
Christian radio stations in Louisiana
Catholic Church in Louisiana
St. John the Baptist Parish, Louisiana
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/You%27re%20a%20Good%20Sport%2C%20Charlie%20Brown
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You're a Good Sport, Charlie Brown is the 14th prime-time animated television special based on the comic strip Peanuts by Charles M. Schulz. It was originally aired on the CBS network on October 28, 1975. In this special, Charlie Brown, Snoopy, and Peppermint Patty participate in a motocross race.
This was the final Peanuts special scored by John Scott Trotter, and penultimate with music by Vince Guaraldi.
Plot
Snoopy and Woodstock partake in a tennis match while Linus and Sally are unable to play because of the courts being occupied. Sally tries to intimidate those playing by stating "her boyfriend" was going to clobber them, causing Linus to flee. After failing to beat Woodstock, Snoopy destroys his racket in frustration.
Peppermint Patty arrives on a small motorcycle and alerts the kids about an upcoming motocross race, and suggests that Charlie Brown and Snoopy enter. Linus volunteers to be the pit crew and the two pool their limited financial resources to purchase a shabby old bike. Snoopy enters the race under the pseudonym of The Masked Marvel and Marcie is on hand as the announcer. Charlie Brown and Snoopy crash within minutes of the start of the race at the first turn, and an ambulance shuttles them off for immediate medical care.
In the confusion, Snoopy is admitted to a regular hospital while Charlie Brown ends up at the vet. After regaining consciousness, Charlie Brown escapes from the vet and retrieves Snoopy from the hospital. Upon return, Linus informs Charlie Brown that motocross rules dictate that you must be fitted with a helmet, but Charlie Brown's old helmet was lost in the crash. So Linus proceeds to outfit Charlie Brown with a hollowed-out pumpkin he found in the pumpkin patch as a helmet (while Sally points out not mentioning the Great Pumpkin) and Charlie Brown, demoralized with such ridiculous headgear, returns to the race to follow the helmet requirement rule.
As the race continues, every other competitor falls victim to various mishaps (particularly assorted mud-traps) leaving Charlie Brown as the only contender left to cross the finish line (his battered bike proves to have amazing durability, despite its poor speed). Then he discovers that those who sanctioned the race could not obtain the intended grand prize of Pro Bowl tickets. As a consolation prize, Charlie Brown is given: a kiss from Loretta, the unspeakably-plain "Motocross Queen"; and a certificate for five free haircuts, which is a white elephant for him since (1) his dad is a barber and (2) Charlie has very little hair to be cut. Linus consoles Charlie Brown by telling him that the fact that he won against overwhelming odds is more important than receiving a prize, which Charlie Brown finds most uplifting for his spirits.
In the final scene, a confident Charlie Brown is ready to pitch another baseball game, saying to the team that in spite of his 980 straight defeats, has come to understand what winning is, and is certain that he will win this game. I
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDR3%20SDRAM
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Double Data Rate 3 Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access Memory (DDR3 SDRAM) is a type of synchronous dynamic random-access memory (SDRAM) with a high bandwidth ("double data rate") interface, and has been in use since 2007. It is the higher-speed successor to DDR and DDR2 and predecessor to DDR4 synchronous dynamic random-access memory (SDRAM) chips. DDR3 SDRAM is neither forward nor backward compatible with any earlier type of random-access memory (RAM) because of different signaling voltages, timings, and other factors.
DDR3 is a DRAM interface specification. The actual DRAM arrays that store the data are similar to earlier types, with similar performance. The primary benefit of DDR3 SDRAM over its immediate predecessor DDR2 SDRAM, is its ability to transfer data at twice the rate (eight times the speed of its internal memory arrays), enabling higher bandwidth or peak data rates.
The DDR3 standard permits DRAM chip capacities of up to 8 gigabits (Gbit), and up to four ranks of 64 bits each for a total maximum of 16 gigabytes (GB) per DDR3 DIMM. Because of a hardware limitation not fixed until Ivy Bridge-E in 2013, most older Intel CPUs only support up to 4-Gbit chips for 8 GB DIMMs (Intel's Core 2 DDR3 chipsets only support up to 2 Gbit). All AMD CPUs correctly support the full specification for 16 GB DDR3 DIMMs.
History
In February 2005, Samsung introduced the first prototype DDR3 memory chip. Samsung played a major role in the development and standardisation of DDR3. In May 2005, Desi Rhoden, chairman of the JEDEC committee, stated that DDR3 had been under development for "about 3 years".
DDR3 was officially launched in 2007, but sales were not expected to overtake DDR2 until the end of 2009 or possibly early 2010, according to Intel strategist Carlos Weissenberg, speaking during the early part of their roll-out in August 2008. (The same timescale for market penetration had been stated by market intelligence company DRAMeXchange over a year earlier in April 2007, and by Desi Rhoden in 2005.) The primary driving force behind the increased usage of DDR3 has been new Core i7 processors from Intel and Phenom II processors from AMD, both of which have internal memory controllers: the former requires DDR3, the latter recommends it. IDC stated in January 2009 that DDR3 sales would account for 29% of the total DRAM units sold in 2009, rising to 72% by 2011.
Successor
In September 2012, JEDEC released the final specification of DDR4. The primary benefits of DDR4 compared to DDR3 include a higher standardized range of clock frequencies and data transfer rates and significantly lower voltage.
Specification
Overview
Compared to DDR2 memory, DDR3 memory uses less power. Some manufacturers further propose using "dual-gate" transistors to reduce leakage of current.
According to JEDEC, 1.575 volts should be considered the absolute maximum when memory stability is the foremost consideration, such as in servers or other mission-critical devices. In
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WODT
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WODT (1280 AM) is a commercial radio station in New Orleans, Louisiana. It broadcasts an all-news radio format as an affiliate of the Black Information Network. It is owned by iHeartMedia, Inc., with studios on Howard Avenue.
WODT is powered at 5,000 watts full-time. To protect other stations on 1280 AM from interference, it uses a directional antenna with a three-tower array. The transmitter is in the Algiers district of New Orleans. Programming is also heard on 45-watt FM translator K244FX at 96.7 MHz in New Orleans.
History
NBC Blue Network
The station made its debut broadcast, as WCBE, on July 23, 1923. The original call sign was randomly assigned from a roster of available call letters. It was owned by Joseph Uhalt and based in his New Orleans backyard. In 1928, he moved the station to the DeSoto Hotel (now the Le Pavillon Hotel) in downtown New Orleans and changed the call letters to WDSU. In the 1930s, WDSU broadcast on 1250 kilocycles and was an affiliate of the NBC Blue Network. It carried its schedule of dramas, comedies, news, sports, soap operas, game shows and big band broadcasts during the "Golden Age of Radio." (The Blue Network became the ABC Radio Network in 1945.)
With the 1941 enactment of the North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement (NARBA), WDSU moved to 1280 kHz. In 1948, it put Louisiana's first television station on the air, WDSU-TV. A year later, it added an FM station, WDSU-FM (now 93.3 WQUE). The radio stations were sold in 1972, and the AM became WGSO with an adult contemporary format. Around 1984 it switched to a Top 40/CHR format as "Stereo 13Q" under the WQUE call letters. On December 21, 1985 the station switched to R&B oldies as WMKJ, "Majic 1280". Soon thereafter, it became a simulcast of WQUE-FM after the station evolved to a CHUrban format.
Sports Radio
In the early 1990s, WQUE tried an all-sports format that included broadcasts of the New Orleans Saints, but it didn't last long. On February 1, 1996, the station flipped to an all-blues format as WODT. The call sign represented the chant used by fans of the New Orleans Saints, Who dat? Despite good ratings, the format did not attract advertisers.
In October 2003, WODT returned to sports programing from Fox Sports Radio, ESPN Radio and "The Jim Rome Show." WODT was the flagship station of the New Orleans Hornets radio network from 2003–2006. Hornets radio color analyst Gerry Vaillancourt hosted a popular afternoon sports talk call-in show from May 2004—December 2006. The sports format ran for almost five years. The station's final sports-era legal ID was an homage both to the station's small, but loyal following, and to the Jim Rome Show; it contained a frequent Rome Show sign-off clip ("I think what I'm supposed to say is, 'Thank you. I'm out.'")
Urban Gospel
On June 25, 2008, WODT switched to an urban gospel format, complementing a similar format on sister station WYLD. On September 4, 2012, the station became an affiliate of ES
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/48-bit%20computing
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In computer architecture, 48-bit integers can represent 281,474,976,710,656 (248 or 2.814749767×1014) discrete values. This allows an unsigned binary integer range of 0 through 281,474,976,710,655 (248 − 1) or a signed two's complement range of -140,737,488,355,328 (-247) through 140,737,488,355,327 (247 − 1). A 48-bit memory address can directly address every byte of 256 terabytes of storage. 48-bit can refer to any other data unit that consumes 48 bits (6 octets) in width. Examples include 48-bit CPU and ALU architectures that are based on registers, address buses, or data buses of that size.
Word size
Computers with 48-bit words include the AN/FSQ-32, CDC 1604/upper-3000 series, BESM-6, Ferranti Atlas, Philco TRANSAC S-2000 and Burroughs large systems.
The Honeywell DATAmatic 1000,
H-800,
the MANIAC II,
the MANIAC III,
the Brookhaven National Laboratory Merlin,
the Philco CXPQ,
the Ferranti Orion,
the Telefunken Rechner TR 440,
the ICT 1301,
and many other early transistor-based and vacuum tube computers
used 48-bit words.
Addressing
The IBM System/38, and the IBM AS/400 in its CISC variants, use 48-bit addresses.
The address size used in logical block addressing was increased to 48 bits with the introduction of ATA-6. The Ext4 file system physically limits the file block count to 48 bits.
The minimal implementation of the x86-64 architecture provides 48-bit addressing encoded into 64 bits; future versions of the architecture can expand this without breaking properly written applications.
The media access control address (MAC address) of a network interface controller uses a 48-bit address space.
Images
In digital images, 48 bits per pixel, or 16 bits per each color channel (red, green and blue), is used for accurate processing. For the human eye, it is almost impossible to see any difference between such an image and a 24-bit image, but the existence of more shades of each of the three primary colors (65,536 as opposed to 256) means that more operations can be performed on the image without risk of noticeable banding or posterization.
Notes
References
Data unit
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WBYU
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WBYU (1450 AM) was a radio station licensed in New Orleans, Louisiana and served the New Orleans metropolitan area. The station was owned by The Walt Disney Company and featured programming from Radio Disney (2003-2011).
History
The AM 1450 frequency began on 1420 when WBNO, licensed to Coliseum Place Baptist Church, moved there from 1200 in 1938. The call letters became WNOE on June 23, 1939, shortly after James A. Noe gained control of the station. On March 29, 1941, the FCC shifted most broadcast frequencies nationwide, and WNOE moved to 1450. WNOE moved to 1060 on June 1, 1950, to become a 50 kW station. Royal Broadcasting Corporation began operating WTIX on 1450 on December 5, 1951, with a Classical format. WTIX was sold to Mid Continent Broadcasting, owned by Todd Storz, on September 10, 1953, and the format flipped to Top 40. In 1958, WTIX purchased the 690 frequency from WWEZ and subsequently donated 1450 to the Orleans Parish School Board. WNPS began broadcasting May 7, 1958 with a 600 LP library donated by Mitch Miller and Columbia Records. In the fall of 1966 it broke away from strictly classical music, shifting more to popular music and introducing news and weather reports. WNPS moved to nostalgia and easy listening in 1973 before flipping to country in July 1974. In 1977 the station was sold to Sun Broadcasting, who flipped it to a "contemporary" soft rock & jazz format branded "14-D" that lasted four months. In August 1977 the station flipped to Adult standards playing big band and New Orleans jazz and changed call letters to WWIW (the Way It Was) on September 14. In 1988, easy-listening WBYU-FM abruptly flipped to country, creating a public uproar. WWIW owner David Smith immediately petitioned the FCC for the highly recognizable call letters, and 1450 began broadcasting as WBYU with no format change on November 28, 1988.
In 2001 the station was sold to Beasley Broadcast Group, who flipped the format on April 23 of that year to a brokered health talk format, simulcasting WWNN in Boca Raton, Florida. The non-stop infomercials continued until February 6, 2003, when new owners ABC, Inc., who bought the station in 2002, flipped it to Radio Disney. On September 26, 2011, WBYU went silent as ABC sought a buyer for the station. On September 27, 2012, ABC surrendered WBYU's license to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). The FCC cancelled the station's license and deleted the WBYU call sign from their database on October 3, 2012.
References
External links
FCC Station Search Details: DWBYU (Facility ID: 20347)
FCC History Cards for WBYU (covering 1949-1980 as WHHW / WTIX / WNPS / WXPD / WWIW)
WBYU
Radio stations established in 1951
Defunct radio stations in the United States
Radio stations disestablished in 2012
1951 establishments in Louisiana
2012 disestablishments in Louisiana
Defunct mass media in Louisiana
Former subsidiaries of The Walt Disney Company
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rishab%20Aiyer%20Ghosh
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Rishab Aiyer Ghosh is a journalist, computer scientist, Open-source software advocate and software entrepreneur. He was a founder of Topsy, a social search and analytics company that was acquired by Apple Inc in December 2013.
A former Open Source Initiative board member, he is Founding International and Managing Editor of peer-reviewed journal First Monday, and Programme Leader of Free/Libre and Open Source Software at UNU-MERIT. Ghosh has undertaken several studies on free software, which he terms "FLOSS" - an alternative term for free software which he is credited with coining. FLOSS emphasizes the essential value of the term "libre" (meaning with few or no restrictions). Ghosh's work represents an effort to reshape the global understanding of FLOSS, including the governmental and academic spheres.
References
External links
Rishab Aiyer Ghosh at UNU-MERIT
Collaborative Creativity Group at UNU-MERIT
1975 births
Living people
People in information technology
Members of the Open Source Initiative board of directors
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KFTR-DT
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KFTR-DT (channel 46) is a television station licensed to Ontario, California, United States, serving the Los Angeles area as the western flagship station of the Spanish-language UniMás network. It is owned and operated by TelevisaUnivision alongside Univision station KMEX-DT (channel 34). Both stations share studios on Center Drive (near I-405) in Westchester, while KFTR-DT's transmitter is located atop Mount Wilson. KFTR does not air any local newscasts of its own; however, the station does cross-promote sister station KMEX's local news programs.
History
KBSA
On December 18, 1962, Broadcasting Service of America filed an application for a construction permit to build a new TV station on channel 40 licensed to Guasti. The application was amended to specify channel 46 prior to being approved by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) on October 14, 1964. The permit took the call letters KBSA, for its ownership. William A. Myers, the principal of Broadcasting Service of America, was noted as concerned by the lack of local programming on television in a 1965 report on KBSA being authorized to locate atop Mount Wilson. With little fanfare, channel 46 finally signed on August 16, 1972, five days after the FCC granted KBSA program test authority; it primarily broadcast in Spanish. However, it then went silent from February 8 to June 7, 1973. Paul Crouch and Jim Bakker purchased time on the station to launch their television ministry, known as the Trinity Broadcasting Network, for which KBSA served as the network's original home.
A year later, KBSA was sold, first in a minority stake and then entirely, to the Berean Baptist Church; TBN would buy KLXA (channel 40) in Fontana and eventually renamed that station KTBN. Berean announced plans to telecast its own services over channel 46. Another program on channel 46 in 1974 was a legal review show, three nights a week, for students preparing for state bar examinations. In addition to programming from Berean, other churches aired regular programs on KBSA, including the First Christian Church of San Pedro. Together with KHOF-TV and KLXA, KBSA was the third religious TV station in southern California.
Berean entered into financial difficulties not long after acquiring channel 46, which escalated into a disagreement with Broadcasting Service of America. In an evident default, the KBSA transmission equipment was slated for public sale in August 1976. The station went silent in April 1977. The month before, Broadcasting Service of America entered into an agreement to sell the license for $1.8 million to Buena Vista Broadcasting Company, majority owned by Leon Crosby, who owned KEMO television in San Francisco. Three months later, however, Berean announced it had sold the station to a different concern: Metropolitan Broadcasting Company, owned by Robert F. Beauchamp, in a proposed $1.55 million transaction. The Buena Vista application was dismissed in 1978.
Despite the silence, channel 46 would soon enter
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandy%20Haberman
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Mandy Nicola Haberman is an English inventor and entrepreneur. She is founding member and Freeman of the Guild of Entrepreneurs, Director of the Intellectual Property Awareness Network and a visiting Fellow at Bournemouth University, from where she has an honorary doctorate. She is best known for her successfully upheld patent enforcement battles and inventing the Haberman Feeder, the Anywayup Cup and the Suckle Feeder.
Inventions
After her daughter was born in 1980 with Stickler syndrome, a congenital abnormality characterized by distinctive facial abnormalities, ocular problems, hearing loss, and joint and skeletal problems first studied by Gunnar B. Stickler in 1965, Haberman invented the Haberman Feeder bottle for infants with feeding difficulties, described as “a significant advance in the feeding of infants with cleft palates and should be a preferred feeder rather than conventional means." Her second invention was the Anywayup cup, an intuitive and simple to use non-spill trainer cup, which has received numerous awards for both innovation and design. In 2018, Haberman launched the Suckle Feeder anti-obesity, paced feeding technology to address all common causes of colic and to facilitate feeding by natural breastfeeding action.
Intellectual Property Rights
Following her successful defence of patent infringements, Haberman has become a campaigner for improvements in the patent system, is an advocate of intellectual property rights, and is committed to raising awareness, educating and campaigning to help make it more accessible for SMEs and individuals. She was as a non-executive board member of the Intellectual Property Office between 2015 and 2020.
Awards
Haberman was the British Female Inventor and Innovative Network (BFIIN) Female Inventor of the Year 2000. She won the Design Effectiveness Awards 2000.
References
External links
MandyHaberman.com
Living people
English inventors
British women engineers
Academics of Bournemouth University
Women inventors
Year of birth missing (living people)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kahn%20process%20networks
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A Kahn process network (KPN, or process network) is a distributed model of computation in which a group of deterministic sequential processes communicate through unbounded first in, first out channels. The model requires that reading from a channel is blocking while writing is non-blocking. Due to these key restrictions, the resulting process network exhibits deterministic behavior that does not depend on the timing of computation nor on communication delays.
Kahn process networks were originally developed for modeling parallel programs, but have proven convenient for modeling embedded systems, high-performance computing systems, signal processing systems, stream processing systems, dataflow programming languages, and other computational tasks. KPNs were introduced by Gilles Kahn in 1974.
Execution model
KPN is a common model for describing signal processing systems where infinite streams of data are incrementally transformed by processes executing in sequence or parallel. Despite parallel processes, multitasking or parallelism are not required for executing this model.
In a KPN, processes communicate via unbounded FIFO channels. Processes read and write atomic data elements, alternatively called tokens, from and to channels. Writing to a channel is non-blocking, i.e. it always succeeds and does not stall the process, while reading from a channel is blocking, i.e. a process that reads from an empty channel will stall and can only continue when the channel contains sufficient data items (tokens). Processes are not allowed to test an input channel for existence of tokens without consuming them. A FIFO cannot be consumed by multiple processes, nor can multiple processes write to a single FIFO. Given a specific input (token) history for a process, the process must be deterministic so that it always produces the same outputs (tokens). Timing or execution order of processes must not affect the result and therefore testing input channels for tokens is forbidden.
Notes on processes
A process need not read any input or have any input channels as it may act as a pure data source
A process need not write any output or have any output channels
Testing input channels for emptiness (or non-blocking reads) could be allowed for optimization purposes, but it should not affect outputs. It can be beneficial and/or possible to do something in advance rather than wait for a channel. For example, assume there were two reads from different channels. If the first read would stall (wait for a token) but the second read could succeed directly, it could be beneficial to read the second one first to save time, because the reading itself often consumes some time (e.g. time for memory allocation or copying).
Process firing semantics as Petri nets
Assuming process P in the KPN above is constructed so that it first reads data from channel A, then channel B, computes something and then writes data to channel C, the execution model of the process can be modeled with the
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPARQL
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SPARQL (pronounced "sparkle", a recursive acronym for SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language) is an RDF query language—that is, a semantic query language for databases—able to retrieve and manipulate data stored in Resource Description Framework (RDF) format. It was made a standard by the RDF Data Access Working Group (DAWG) of the World Wide Web Consortium, and is recognized as one of the key technologies of the semantic web. On 15 January 2008, SPARQL 1.0 was acknowledged by W3C as an official recommendation, and SPARQL 1.1 in March, 2013.
SPARQL allows for a query to consist of triple patterns, conjunctions, disjunctions, and optional patterns.
Implementations for multiple programming languages exist. There exist tools that allow one to connect and semi-automatically construct a SPARQL query for a SPARQL endpoint, for example ViziQuer.
In addition, tools exist to translate SPARQL queries to other query languages, for example to SQL and to XQuery.
Advantages
SPARQL allows users to write queries against what can loosely be called "key-value" data or, more specifically, data that follow the RDF specification of the W3C. Thus, the entire database is a set of "subject-predicate-object" triples. This is analogous to some NoSQL databases' usage of the term "document-key-value", such as MongoDB.
In SQL relational database terms, RDF data can also be considered a table with three columns – the subject column, the predicate column, and the object column. The subject in RDF is analogous to an entity in a SQL database, where the data elements (or fields) for a given business object are placed in multiple columns, sometimes spread across more than one table, and identified by a unique key. In RDF, those fields are instead represented as separate predicate/object rows sharing the same subject, often the same unique key, with the predicate being analogous to the column name and the object the actual data. Unlike relational databases, the object column is heterogeneous: the per-cell data type is usually implied (or specified in the ontology) by the predicate value. Also unlike SQL, RDF can have multiple entries per predicate; for instance, one could have multiple "child" entries for a single "person", and can return collections of such objects, like "children".
Thus, SPARQL provides a full set of analytic query operations such as JOIN, SORT, AGGREGATE for data whose schema is intrinsically part of the data rather than requiring a separate schema definition. However, schema information (the ontology) is often provided externally, to allow joining of different datasets unambiguously. In addition, SPARQL provides specific graph traversal syntax for data that can be thought of as a graph.
The example below demonstrates a simple query that leverages the ontology definition foaf ("friend of a friend").
Specifically, the following query returns names and emails of every person in the dataset:
PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>
SELECT ?name
?em
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusion%20MRI
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Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI or DW-MRI) is the use of specific MRI sequences as well as software that generates images from the resulting data that uses the diffusion of water molecules to generate contrast in MR images. It allows the mapping of the diffusion process of molecules, mainly water, in biological tissues, in vivo and non-invasively. Molecular diffusion in tissues is not random, but reflects interactions with many obstacles, such as macromolecules, fibers, and membranes. Water molecule diffusion patterns can therefore reveal microscopic details about tissue architecture, either normal or in a diseased state. A special kind of DWI, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), has been used extensively to map white matter tractography in the brain.
Introduction
In diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), the intensity of each image element (voxel) reflects the best estimate of the rate of water diffusion at that location. Because the mobility of water is driven by thermal agitation and highly dependent on its cellular environment, the hypothesis behind DWI is that findings may indicate (early) pathologic change. For instance, DWI is more sensitive to early changes after a stroke than more traditional MRI measurements such as T1 or T2 relaxation rates. A variant of diffusion weighted imaging, diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI), was used in deriving the Connectome data sets; DSI is a variant of diffusion-weighted imaging that is sensitive to intra-voxel heterogeneities in diffusion directions caused by crossing fiber tracts and thus allows more accurate mapping of axonal trajectories than other diffusion imaging approaches.
Diffusion-weighted images are very useful to diagnose vascular strokes in the brain. It is also used more and more in the staging of non-small-cell lung cancer, where it is a serious candidate to replace positron emission tomography as the 'gold standard' for this type of disease. Diffusion tensor imaging is being developed for studying the diseases of the white matter of the brain as well as for studies of other body tissues (see below). DWI is most applicable when the tissue of interest is dominated by isotropic water movement e.g. grey matter in the cerebral cortex and major brain nuclei, or in the body—where the diffusion rate appears to be the same when measured along any axis. However, DWI also remains sensitive to T1 and T2 relaxation. To entangle diffusion and relaxation effects on image contrast, one may obtain quantitative images of the diffusion coefficient, or more exactly the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). The ADC concept was introduced to take into account the fact that the diffusion process is complex in biological tissues and reflects several different mechanisms.
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is important when a tissue—such as the neural axons of white matter in the brain or muscle fibers in the heart—has an internal fibrous structure analogous to the anisotropy of some crystals. Water will
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20GMA%20Network%20original%20programming
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GMA Network (Global Media Arts or simply GMA) is a major commercial television and radio network in the Philippines owned by GMA Network Inc., a publicly listed company. Headquartered on GMA Network Center, Diliman, Quezon City. The following is a list of all television original programming by GMA Network since it began its television operations in 1961.
Current original programming
News
Drama
Variety
Comedy
Reality
Game
Talk
Documentary
Magazine
Public affairs
Informative
Film presentation
Former original programming
News
Drama
Variety
Comedy
Talk
Reality
Game
Documentary
Magazine
Public affairs
Informative
Religious
Film and special presentation
Aliwan sa GMA
Cinemax
Early, Early Movies
Early Viva Movies
Friday Night Movie
GMA Motion Pictures
GMA Presents
GMA Sinehan
GMA Special, Specials
GMA Sunday Specials
Late Nite Action
Marvelous Golden Movies
Midnight Horror Stories
Midnight Theater
Mighty Good Movies, Too
Our Wednesday Special
Primetime Tuesday
Romance Theatre
Saturday Powerhouse Specials
Sine Espesyal
Sinemax
Sineng Pinoy
Sunday Limited Engagement
Sunday Night Movie
Sunday Night Special
Tanghalan
Teenage Suicide
The Best of Late Night Specials
Tuesday Specials, Specials
Tuesday Super Specials
Viva Box Office Hits
Viva Blockbusters
Wide Awake Movies
Your Favorite Movie
Others
Regional programming
Note: Titles are listed in alphabetical order followed by the year of debut in parentheses.
Current regional programming
At Home with GMA Regional TV
Balitang Bicolandia
Balitang Bisdak
Balitang Southern Tagalog
GMA Regional TV Early Edition
GMA Regional TV Live!
GMA Regional TV Presents
Mornings with GMA Regional TV
One Mindanao
One North Central Luzon
One Western Visayas
Sunday Catholic TV Mass
Former regional programming
24 Oras Amianan
24 Oras Bikol
24 Oras Central Visayas
24 Oras Davao
24 Oras Ilokano
24 Oras North Central Luzon
24 Oras Northern Mindanao
24 Oras Southern Mindanao
24 Oras Western Visayas
The Amianan Agenda
Araguy
Arangkada
Balitang Ilokano
Baretang Bikol
Bongga!
Buena Mano Balita
Coffee with Us
Eat Na Ta!
GMA Musicale
GMA News
Ha! Ha! Hayop
The Ilonggo Agenda
Ikaw ug Ako
Istayl Naton
Isyu Ngayon
Isyu Ngayon North Central Luzon
Isyu Ngonian Bicolandia
Isyu Subong Ilonggo
Isyu Subong Negrense
Isyu Karon Central Visayas
Isyu Karon Northern Mindanao
Isyu Karon Southern Mindanao
Isyu Karon Socsksargen
Isyu ug Istorya
Kuyaw!
Let's Fiesta
Mga Balita sa Kilum-Kilum
The Mindanao Agenda
News at Seven Cebu
News at Seven Davao
GMA News Digest Cebu
Oi!
OMG! featuring Caramba
People, Events and Places
PNB Newscast Zamboanga
Primera Balita
Ratsada
Ratsada 24 Oras
Singgit Davao
Testigo
Testigo Northern Mindanao
Una Ka BAI
The Visayan Agenda
Visita Iglesia
See also
List of GMA Network original drama series
List of GMA Network specials aired
List of Philippine te
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20software%20development%20philosophies
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This is a list of approaches, styles, methodologies, philosophies in software development and engineering. It also contains programming paradigms, software development methodologies, software development processes, and single practices, principles and laws.
Some of the mentioned methods are more relevant to a specific field than another, such as automotive or aerospace. The trend towards agile methods in software engineering is noticeable, however the need for improved studies on the subject is also paramount. Also note that some of the methods listed might be newer or older or still in use or out-dated, and the research on software design methods is not new and on-going.
Software development methodologies, guidelines, strategies
Large-scale programming styles
Behavior-driven development
Design-driven development
Domain-driven design
Secure by design
Test-driven development
Acceptance test-driven development
Continuous test-driven development
Specification by example
Data-driven development
Data-oriented design
Specification-related paradigms
Iterative and incremental development
Waterfall model
Formal methods
Comprehensive systems
Agile software development
Lean software development
Lightweight methodology
Adaptive software development
Extreme programming
Feature-driven development
ICONIX
Kanban (development)
Unified Process
Rational Unified Process
OpenUP
Agile Unified Process
Rules of thumb, laws, guidelines and principles
300 Rules of Thumb and Nuggets of Wisdom (excerpt from Managing the Unmanageable - Rules, Tools, and Insights for Managing Software People and Teams by Mickey W. Mantle, Ron Lichty)
ACID
Big ball of mud
Brooks's law
C++ Core Guidelines (Stroustrup/Sutter) P1 - P13 Philosophy rules
CAP theorem
Code reuse
Command–query separation (CQS)
Conways Law
Cowboy coding
Do what I mean (DWIM)
Don't repeat yourself (DRY)
Egoless programming
Fail-fast
Gall's law
General Responsibility Assignment Software Patterns (GRASP)
If it ain't broke, don't fix it
Inheritance (OOP)
KISS principle
Law of Demeter, also known as the principle of least knowledge
Law of conservation of complexity, also known as Tesler's Law
Lehman's laws of software evolution
Loose coupling
Minimalism (computing)
Ninety–ninety rule
Open–closed principle
Package principles
Pareto principle
Parkinson's law
Principle of least astonishment (POLA)
Release early, release often
Robustness principle, also known as Postel's law
Rule of least power
SEMAT
Separation of concerns
Separation of mechanism and policy
Single source of truth (SSOT)
Single version of the truth (SVOT)
SOLID (object-oriented design)
There's more than one way to do it
Uniform access principle
Unix philosophy
Worse is better
You aren't gonna need it (YAGNI)
Other
Davis 201 Principles of Software Development
Don't Make Me Think (Principles of intuitive navigation and information design)
The Art of Computer Programming (general computer-science masterpiece by Don
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dovetailing%20%28computer%20science%29
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Dovetailing, in algorithm design, is a technique that interweaves different computations, performing them essentially simultaneously. Algorithms that use dovetailing are sometimes referred to as dovetailers.
Examples
Consider a tree that potentially contains a path of infinite length (but each node has only finitely many children): if a depth-first search is performed in this environment, the search may move down an infinite path and never return, potentially leaving part of the tree unexplored. However, if a breadth-first search is used, the existence of an infinite path is no longer a problem: each node is visited in a branching manner according to its distance from the root, so an infinite path will only impact the part of the search travelling down that path.
We can regard this tree as analogous to a collection of programs; in this case, the depth-first approach corresponds to running one program at a time, moving to the next only when the current program has finished running. In the case where one of the programs runs for an infinite amount of time, this transition will never happen. The breadth-first approach of visiting each child on the same level of the tree is an instance of dovetailing, where a single step is performed for every program before moving to the next. Thus, progress is made in each program, regardless of the potential existence of a non-terminating program.
Another example is simulating a non-deterministic Turing machine M by a deterministic one (e.g. by a universal Turing machine). In such case, we need to use dovetailing in case one of the computation branches of M contains an infinite loop.
Infinitely many simultaneous computations
In the case of an infinite number of programs, all potentially infinitely long, neither the breadth-first nor depth-first would be sufficient to ensure progress on all programs. Instead, the following technique can be used: perform the first step of the first program; next, perform the second step of the first program and first step of the second program; next, perform the third step of the first program, second step of the second program and first step of the third program; and so on. This is thus also known as diagonalization (as used e.g. in Haskell's "universe" package or "Omega" monad).
Etymology
An analogy with the interweaving ends of a dovetail joint in woodworking.
See also
Recursive enumeration
Analysis of algorithms
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sankar%20Kumar%20Pal
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Sankar Kumar Pal (born 1950) is a computer scientist and president (& former director) of the Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata. He is a computer scientist with an international reputation on pattern recognition, image processing, fuzzy neural network, soft computing, granular mining, and machine intelligence. He founded the Machine Intelligence Unit in 1993, and the Center for Soft Computing Research: A National Facility (the first of its kind in the country) in 2004, both at the ISI. He is the founder president of the Indian National Academy of Engineering, Kolkata Chapter.
He is a recipient of Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize in 1990. He was awarded Padma Shri in Science and Engineering on 5 April 2013 by the President of India Pranab Mukherjee in recognition of his work in machine intelligence.
Education and career
SK Pal studied at the University of Calcutta for his BSc in physics (1969), and BTech (1972) and MTech (1974) in radio physics and electronics.
He received a PhD in radio physics and electronics from the Rajabazar Science College campus of University of Calcutta in 1979 as a student of Indian Statistical Institute, and another PhD in electrical engineering along with Diploma of the Imperial College from Imperial College, University of London, in 1982. After completing PhD at Imperial College, London as a Commonwealth Scholar, he did post-doctoral research there during 1982 to 1983 as a UK Medical Research Council Fellow. Subsequently, he worked at the University of California, Berkeley and University of Maryland, College Park from 1986 to 1987 as Fulbright Fellow, NASA Johnson Space Center from 1990 to 1992 and in 1994 as US NAS-NRC Senior Research Associate, and US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. in 2004 as a visiting scientist. Besides, he had been a Distinguished Visitor of IEEE Computer Society (USA) for Asia-Pacific Region since 1997, and held several visiting positions in Australia, Poland, Italy, France, New Zealand, Japan and Hong Kong universities.
Pal joined the Indian Statistical Institute (ISI), Kolkata, as the CSIR Senior Research Fellow in 1975, and eventually entered into full professor position in 1987. He then became distinguished scientist in 1998, director in 2005, and president in 2022. He was the first computer scientist as well as someone outside statistics and mathematics to become the director of ISI in its 75-year history. He is also the first ex-employee of ISI being elected to hold the honorable chair of president of ISI since its inception in 1931.
His areas of research interests include fuzzy sets and uncertainty analysis, artificial neural networks for machine intelligence, pattern recognition, image processing, data mining, granular computing, genetic algorithms, rough sets, and soft computing with applications such as in bioinformatics, video analytics, online social network anlysis, and cognitive mind development. He has pioneered hybrid intelligent systems like neuro fuzzy and r
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omroep%20NTR
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NTR is a Dutch public-service broadcaster, supplying television and radio programming of an informational, educational, and cultural nature to the national public broadcasting system, Nederlandse Publieke Omroep (NPO). NTR was created in 2010, following the merger of the Nederlandse Programma Stichting (NPS) and two educational broadcasters, Televisie Academie (Teleac) and the Radio Volksuniversiteit (RVU). For details of these predecessor organizations, see further below.
Public broadcasting organizations in the Netherlands (that is to say, in the Dutch context, listener and viewer associations) do not have their own stations but are allotted airtime on the three public television and eight public radio networks broadly in relation to the size of their respective memberships. NTR, however, as an independently established statutory body, is not a membership-based organization.
History
RVU (1931–2010)
RVU, the Radio Volksuniversiteit (People's University Radio), was the longest-lived educational broadcasting organization in the Netherlands. Established in 1930 by the Bond van Nederlandse Volksuniversiteiten (Federation of Dutch People's Universities), it was at first granted airtime by the AVRO and VARA broadcasting associations. A licence to operate independently was obtained on 14 June 1931 and RVU became a public broadcaster in its own right in 1932.
In January 1983 RVU made its first appearance on television, broadcasting a small number of programmes on both Nederland 1 and Nederland 2, before moving to Nederland 3 in 1988.
Its mission was to present informative and educational programmes that would encourage listeners' and viewers' active participation in society.
Teleac and NOT (1963–2010)
An initiative to air educational programming on public television led to the creation of the Television Academy (Teleac) in 1963.
Meanwhile Nederlandse Onderwijs Televisie (NOT) (Netherlands Educational Television) began operations on the 27 June 1962, evolving from the Netherlands Education Film board in The Hague. Its purpose was to supply primary and secondary teachers with educational programmes for use in the classroom. These were made in co-operation with Teleac, RVU, and the NOS, although NOT had no broadcasting licence of its own. That changed in 1988, when the new Media Act established NOT as an independent broadcaster and the new organization, together with its employees, moved from The Hague to Hilversum, taking over full responsibility for the schools programmes formerly produced by the NOS.
Early, tentative steps to merge the educational broadcasters were made in 1996, with Teleac and NOT – organizations which shared the common goal of producing educational programmes – merging to form Teleac/NOT. The combined organization reverted to using the overall name Teleac in September 2009, branding its output as Teleac (for adults), SchoolTV (for 4-18 yrs) and PeuterTV (for babies and toddlers).
A further joint venture was entered upon in
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WDAF-TV
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WDAF-TV (channel 4) is a television station in Kansas City, Missouri, United States, affiliated with the Fox network. The station is owned by Nexstar Media Group, and maintains studios and transmitter facilities on Summit Street in the Signal Hill section of Kansas City, Missouri.
WDAF-TV also serves as an alternate Fox affiliate for the St. Joseph market (which borders the Kansas City market to the north), as the station's transmitter produces a city-grade signal that reaches St. Joseph proper and rural areas in the market's central and southern counties. WDAF previously served as the default NBC station for St. Joseph until it disaffiliated from the network in September 1994 (presently, NBC programming in St. Joseph is provided by KNPG-LD), and as the market's default Fox affiliate from that point on until KNPN-LD (channel 26) signed on as an in-market affiliate on June 2, 2012.
History
As an NBC affiliate
On January 30, 1948, The Kansas City Star Co. – the locally based parent company of the Kansas City Star, which operated as an employee-owned entity at the time – submitted an application to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) for a construction permit to build and license to operate a television station that would transmit on VHF channel 4. The FCC granted the license for the proposed television station to the Star Co. on the same day; the company subsequently requested to use WDAF-TV (standing for "Why Dial Any Further?") as its call letters, applying the base call sign originally assigned to its radio station on 610 AM (now KCSP; on radio, the WDAF calls now reside on 106.5 FM through a September 2003 format change that also saw the former's country music format move from the AM station, which adopted a sports talk format). (Channel 4 is among a handful of U.S. broadcast stations that is an exception to an FCC rule that assigns call signs prefixed with a "K" to television and radio stations with cities of license located west of the Mississippi River and call signs prefixed with a "W" to stations located east of the river. The anomaly in the case of the WDAF television and radio stations is due to the fact that Kansas City was originally located east of the original "K"/"W" border distinction defined by the FCC at the time that the WDAF call letters were assigned to both stations.)
The station commenced test broadcasts on September 11, 1949, with a three-day event held at Kansas City, Missouri's Municipal Auditorium on West 13th and Central Streets, which was presented by Kansas City Star Co. president Roy A. Roberts and WDAF-TV-AM general manager H. Dean Fitzer. Channel 4 informally signed on the air on September 29, when it broadcast coverage of President Harry S. Truman's speech at the Municipal Auditorium. WDAF-TV officially commenced regular programming two weeks later at 6:00 p.m. on October 16, 1949; the station's first broadcast was The Birth of a TV Station, a special 30-minute documentary inaugurating channel 4's laun
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATCS
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ATCS may refer to:
Academy for Technology and Computer Science, part of high school Bergen County Academies in New Jersey, United States
Advanced Train Control System, a railroad safety and monitoring system
Areal Traffic Control System
Asian Touring Car Series, a touring car racing series in southeast Asia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jump%20list
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Jump list may refer to:
Jump lists, menu options available on taskbar icons in Microsoft Windows
Skip list, a probabilistic data structure
See also
Jumplist
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20MUD%20clients
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A MUD client is a game client, a computer application used to connect to a MUD, a type of multiplayer online game. Generally, a MUD client is a very basic telnet client that lacks VT100 terminal emulation and the capability to perform telnet negotiations. On the other hand, MUD clients are enhanced with various features designed to make the MUD telnet interface more accessible to users, and enhance the gameplay of MUDs, with features such as syntax highlighting, keyboard macros, and connection assistance.
Standard features seen in most MUD clients include ANSI color support, aliases, triggers and scripting. The client can often be extended almost indefinitely with its built-in scripting language. Most MUDs restrict the usage of scripts because they give an unfair advantage, as well as the fear that the game will end up being played by fully automated clients instead of human beings.
Prominent clients include TinyTalk, TinyFugue, TinTin++, and zMUD.
History
The first MUD client with a notable number of features was Tinytalk by Anton Rang in January 1990, for Unix-like systems. In May 1990 TinyWar 1.1.4 was released by Leo Plotkin which was based on TinyTalk 1.0 and added support for event-driven programming. In September 1990 TinyFugue which was based on TinyWar 1.2.3 and TT 1.1 was released by Greg Hudson and featured more advanced trigger support. Development of TinyFugue was taken over by Ken Keys in 1991. TinyFugue has continued to evolve and remains a popular client today for Unix-like systems.
TinyFugue, or tf, was primarily written for Unix-like operating systems. It is one of the earliest MUD clients in existence. It is primarily geared toward TinyMUD variants. TinyFugue is extensible through its own macro language, which also ties to its extensive trigger system. The trigger system allows implementation of automatically run commands.
Another early client was TINTIN by Peter Unold in April 1992. In October 1992 Peter Unold made his final release, TINTIN III, which was a much more mature and feature rich program. Development of TINTIN was continued by Bill Reiss who announced the release of TinTin++ 1.0 in July 1993. The client gained popularity quickly because of its easy to use scripting language and the popularity of DikuMUD for which it was designed. Being open source with originally no license restrictions, many current clients like GGMud, MudMaster, and Pueblo are based on TinTin++.
Following on from TINTIN's success, Mike Potter was keen to produce a Windows port of the client resulting in the release of zMUD 1.0 in December 1995. zMUD was initially licensed as freeware, but Mike Potter realized that he could make a living from sales of the client and started selling zMUD 4.0 as shareware in September 1996. zMUD is particularly noted for its automapping capabilities.
MUSHclient
MUSHclient is a MUD client and peer-to-peer chat system originally written and maintained by Nick Gammon. The client is released as freeware.
The
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Match%20report
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In metadata, a match report is a report that compares two distinct data dictionaries and creates a list of the data elements that have been identified as semantically equivalent.
Use of match reports
Match reports are critical for systems that wish to automatically exchange data, such as intelligent software agents. If one computer system is requesting a report from a remote system that uses a distinct data dictionary and all of the data elements on the report manifest are included in the match report the report request can be executed.
Match reports are useful if data dictionaries use a metadata tagging system such as the UDEF.
References
See also
Data dictionary
Data warehouse
Metadata
Semantic equivalence
Universal Data Element Framework
Knowledge representation
Data management
Technical communication
Metadata
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHTN
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WHTN (channel 39) is a religious television station licensed to Murfreesboro, Tennessee, United States, serving the Nashville area as an owned-and-operated station of the Christian Television Network (CTN). The station's studios are located on Lebanon Road in Mount Juliet, and its transmitter is located on Lone Oak Road near Gladeville. WHTN offers 24-hour religious programming, much of which is produced either locally or at the CTN home base in Clearwater, Florida.
Although CTN has owned WHTN since 1986, it had a turbulent history before that. Channel 39 started broadcasting on December 30, 1983, as WFYZ, a second independent station for Middle Tennessee owned by Focus Communications. However, its plans to market itself were hindered by two factors: a signal that was not clearly received in all areas of Nashville and the launch less than two months later of WCAY-TV (channel 30), which had better programming and ratings. Within months, WFYZ was struggling financially; the station pivoted programming several times, from general entertainment to religious programming to music videos.
As the major investors in Focus Communications decided to focus on another business they owned, the troubled United Press International wire service, WFYZ was sold to a group led by Bob Hudson and rebranded as WHTN in November 1985. The relaunched station, however, continued to face serious economic problems which culminated in the station ceasing broadcasts in April 1986 due to unpaid electric bills. It returned to the air the next month after CTN agreed to buy the station.
History
WFYZ: Construction and a delayed start
In 1980, two groups applied for Murfreesboro's channel 39: Family Television Inc., proposing a general-entertainment independent station, and Channel 39 of Murfreesboro, which proposed a hybrid independent with subscription television programming. Of the 23 stockholders in Channel 39 of Murfreesboro, 80 percent were minorities, which was expected to provide the group an advantage in the Federal Communications Commission (FCC)'s comparative hearing process. In April 1982, the FCC published its decision favoring Channel 39 of Murfreesboro. Family Television then withdrew, opting not to appeal in exchange for a partial reimbursement of its expenses in proposing the station. At the same time, two of the headline owners of channel 39 parent company Focus Communications, William Geissler and Douglas Ruhe, were part of a successful bid for news agency United Press International.
In February 1983, station president John Rattliff announced that the station would sign on August 1 as a family-oriented independent outlet; the subscription programming proposal had been abandoned when the industry began to sour. By June, the deadline had slipped to October, but WFYZ had begun to move into the former Murfreesboro news bureau of Nashville's WNGE-TV in the city's Public Square. Tower installation delays pushed the station's launch date back several more times. The
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract%20state%20machine
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In computer science, an abstract state machine (ASM) is a state machine operating on states that are arbitrary data structures (structure in the sense of mathematical logic, that is a nonempty set together with a number of functions (operations) and relations over the set).
Overview
The ASM Method is a practical and scientifically well-founded systems engineering method that bridges the gap between the two ends of system development:
the human understanding and formulation of real-world problems (requirements capture by accurate high-level modeling at the level of abstraction determined by the given application domain)
the deployment of their algorithmic solutions by code-executing machines on changing platforms (definition of design decisions, system and implementation details).
The method builds upon three basic concepts:
ASM: a precise form of pseudo-code, generalizing Finite State Machines to operate over arbitrary data structures
ground model: a rigorous form of blueprints, serving as an authoritative reference model for the design
refinement: a most general scheme for stepwise instantiations of model abstractions to concrete system elements, providing controllable links between the more and more detailed descriptions at the successive stages of system development.
In the original conception of ASMs, a single agent executes a program in a sequence of steps, possibly interacting with its environment. This notion was extended to capture distributed computations, in which multiple agents execute their programs concurrently.
Since ASMs model algorithms at arbitrary levels of abstraction, they can provide high-level, low-level and mid-level views of a hardware or software design. ASM specifications often consist of a series of ASM models, starting with an abstract ground model and proceeding to greater levels of detail in successive refinements or coarsenings.
Due to the algorithmic and mathematical nature of these three concepts, ASM models and their properties of interest can be analyzed using any rigorous form of verification (by reasoning) or validation (by experimentation, testing model executions).
History
The concept of ASMs is due to Yuri Gurevich, who first proposed it in the mid-1980s as a way of improving on Turing's thesis that every algorithm is simulated by an appropriate Turing machine. He formulated the ASM Thesis: every algorithm, no matter how abstract, is step-for-step emulated by an appropriate ASM. In 2000, Gurevich axiomatized the notion of sequential algorithms, and proved the ASM thesis for them. Roughly stated, the axioms are as follows:
states are structures,
the state transition involves only a bounded part of the state, and
everything is invariant under isomorphisms of structures. (Structures can be viewed as algebras, which explains the original name evolving algebras for ASMs.)
The axiomatization and characterization of sequential algorithms have been extended to parallel and interactive algorithms.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EMCC
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EMCC may stand for:
East Molesey Cricket Club
Eckert–Mauchly Computer Corporation
European Market Coupling Company
European Mentoring and Coaching Council
European Monitoring Centre on Change
Evangelical Methodist Church Conference
Colleges in the United States
East Mississippi Community College
Eastern Maine Community College
Estrella Mountain Community College
Other uses
E = m × c × c is the equation for mass-energy equivalence.
See also
EMMC, a type of computer card
EMC2 (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contract%20data%20requirements%20list
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In United States military contracts, the contract data requirements list (CDRL, pronounced SEE-drill) is a list of authorized data requirements for a specific procurement that forms a part of the contract.
Overview
The CDRL identifies what data products are to be formally delivered to the government by a contractor, as well as when and possibly how (e.g. format and quantity) they are to be delivered. The list typically consists of a series of individual data items, each of which is recorded on a Data Item form (DD Form 1423) containing the tailored data requirements and delivery information. The CDRL is the standard format for identifying potential data requirements in a solicitation, and deliverable data requirements in a contract. The purpose of the CDRL is to provide a standardized method of clearly and unambiguously delineating the government's minimum essential data needs. The CDRL groups all of the data requirements in a single place rather than having them scattered throughout the solicitation or contract.
Each CDRL data item should be linked directly to statement of work (SOW) tasks and managed by the program office data manager. Data requirements can also be identified in the contract via special contract clauses (e.g., DFARS), which define special data provisions such as rights in data, warranty, etc. SOW guidance of MIL-HDBK-245D describes the desired relationship: "Work requirements should be specified in the SOW, and all data requirements for delivery, format, and content should be in the contract data requirements list in conjunction with the appropriate Data Item Description (DID) respectively, with none of the requirements restated in other parts of the contract."
Subpart 215.470 of the Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement (DFARS) document requires the use of the CDRL in solicitations when the contract will require delivery of data. Guidance on how to fill in and handle DD Form 1423-1 is provided in publication 5010.12-M. Other US government agencies may include CDRLs in contracts, but these will not use the military's DD Form 1423.
Most data items are developed and delivered in compliance with pre-defined data item descriptions (DID). These pre-defined data items may be tailored by deleting any part of a DID that is not applicable to the specific acquisition,. The CDRL form provides a block for simple citation of which DID it is, as well as where it is mentioned in the SOW and what part(s) of the overall work breakdown structure it is involved with. The remarks block may explain how the DID will be applied, but can not alter or add to the DID. (Language altering the data item description would obviously make it no longer a standard DID available by simple citation, pre-approved, and readily handled by existing Department of Defense processes.)
Contracts issued by governments (including their militaries) outside the US also use CDRLs as part of their statements of Work. These CDRLs do not use the US military
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European%20Network%20of%20Information%20Centres%20for%20the%20Performing%20Arts
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The European Network of Information Centres for the Performing Arts (ENICPA) is an organisation dedicated to sharing information and documentation among art professionals in Europe and around the world. Headquartered in Brussels, it maintains a website which provides a database of European events, venues, publications, training opportunities, and information centres for the performing arts, according to the European Monitoring Centre on Change.
References
Arts organizations based in Europe
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-202
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K-202 was a 16-bit minicomputer, created by a team led by Polish scientist Jacek Karpiński between 1970–1973 in cooperation with British companies Data-Loop and M.B. Metals. The machine could perform about 1 million instructions per second, making it highly competitive with the US Data General SuperNOVA and UK CTL Modular One. Most other minicomputers of the era were significantly slower.
Approximately 30 units were claimed to be produced. All units shipped to M.B. Metals were returned for service. Due to friction resulting from competition with Elwro, a government-backed competitor, the production of K-202 was blocked and Karpiński thrown out of his company under the allegations of sabotage and embezzlement. Sometime later the K-202 had a successor, , hundreds of which were built.
Description
The K-202 was packaged in a metal box similar to other minicomputers in overall size, and capable of being fit into a 19-inch rack, which was common for other systems. Like most computers of the era, the front panel included a number of switches and lamps that could be used to directly set or read the values stored in main memory. A unique feature was a large dial on the right that selected what to display or set, allowing rapid access to the processor registers simply by rotating the dial. A key that turned on the power and unlocked the case was positioned on the right side of the case.
The system was designed to be highly expandable. A minimal setup consisted of the central processing unit (CPU), a minimum of 4 k 16-bit words of core memory (4 kW, or 8 kB), and a single input/output channel for use with a computer terminal. The basic system supported vectored interrupts for 32 input/output devices. At the other end of the scale, a maximally expanded system could include up to 4 MW of memory, a floating point unit (FPU), multiple multi-line programmable input/output systems, and even more than one CPU. At the maximum, it could support 272 I/O interrupt levels.
The expansion system was designed around two external buses, an 8-bit bus for input/output, and a 16-bit bus for memory and storage. Memory modules could hold from 16 to 64 kB per module, available in either 0.7 or 1.5 usec times, with access times about 40% of that due to the read-write nature of core. Store controllers were smart, buffered devices that could control up to eight disk drives or magnetic tape units that loaded and saved bulk data. The controller performed the entire transfer in a manner similar to a DMA controller, raising the appropriate interrupt when the operation was completed. The I/O modules were for slower devices like terminals, punch tape readers and computer printers that were primarily character oriented. Both could also have multiplexers for custom connections. Because the buses are not terminated on the CPU, it was also possible to connect several CPU modules to the various modules on the same bus, sharing devices like drives and printers across multiple machines.
T
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rigorous%20Approach%20to%20Industrial%20Software%20Engineering
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Rigorous Approach to Industrial Software Engineering (RAISE) was developed as part of the European ESPRIT II LaCoS project in the 1990s, led by Dines Bjørner. It consists of a set of tools designed for a specification language (RSL) for software development. It is especially espoused by UNU-IIST in Macau, who run training courses on site and around the world, especially in developing countries.
See also
Formal methods
Formal specification
External links
RAISE Virtual Library entry
RAISE – Rigorous Approach to Industrial Software Engineering
RAISE information from Dines Bjørner
Formal specification languages
Formal methods tools
Software testing tools
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamer%20Exterminator
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Lamer Exterminator is a computer virus created for the Amiga. It was first detected in Germany in October 1989. It is a boot block virus contained in the first 1024 bytes of the disk.
It is notable as the first virus known to be defensive. It hooks into the system in such a way that examining a bootblock will return a normal result and upon replicating will also encrypt itself.
Variants of the virus are known to use one of three different decrypt routines defined by The Amiga Virus Encyclopedia. A detection program can look for any of the known decrypt routines on the boot block area of the disk, or alternatively try to blindly brute force decrypt them. The first decrypt routine is a simple XOR of every byte which only takes a maximum of 256 attempts to decrypt. The next includes an add byte in its decrypt routine, and takes a maximum of 256×256 attempts. The third uses 16 bit words in its decrypt routine, and takes a maximum of 65535×65535 attempts, which makes it less practical to solve. The first two versions (and variants that use the same decrypt routines), can also be identified as containing an identification word 0xABCD, as the last data on the boot block containing anything but zero values.
Symptoms
Overwrites the bootblock
Remains RAM resident (allocating 1024 bytes and identifying itself: 'The LAMER Exterminator !!!')
Hooks into the system (remaining reset-resident)
Destroys media blocks by overwriting them 84 times with the string 'LAMER!', causing read/write errors on affected storage media. This causes filesystem corruption and data loss, which is unrecoverable.
References
External links
Detailed virus information
Information about the virus on Amiga Virus Encyclopedia from Virus Help Team
Amiga viruses
Hacking in the 1980s
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field-replaceable%20unit
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A field-replaceable unit (FRU) is a printed circuit board, part, or assembly that can be quickly and easily removed from a computer or other piece of electronic equipment, and replaced by the user or a technician without having to send the entire product or system to a repair facility. FRUs allow a technician lacking in-depth product knowledge to isolate faults and replace faulty components. The granularity of FRUs in a system impacts total cost of ownership and support, including the costs of stocking spare parts, where spares are deployed to meet repair time goals, how diagnostic tools are designed and implemented, levels of training for field personnel, whether end-users can do their own FRU replacement, etc.
Other equipment
FRUs are not strictly confined to computers but are also part of many high-end, lower-volume consumer and commercial products. For example, in military aviation, electronic components of line-replaceable units, typically known as shop-replaceable units (SRUs), are repaired at field-service backshops, usually by a "remove and replace" repair procedure, with specialized repair performed at centralized depot or by the OEM.
History
Many vacuum tube computers had FRUs:
Pluggable units containing one or more vacuum tubes and various passive components
Most transistorized and integrated circuit-based computers had FRUs:
Computer modules, circuit boards containing discrete transistors and various passive components. Examples:
IBM SMS cards
DEC System Building Blocks cards
DEC Flip-Chip cards
Circuit boards containing monolithic ICs and/or hybrid ICs, such as IBM SLT cards.
Vacuum tubes themselves are usually FRUs.
For a short period starting in the late 1960s, some television set manufacturers made solid-state televisions with FRUs instead of a single board attached to the chassis. However modern televisions put all the electronics on one large board to reduce manufacturing costs.
Trends
As the sophistication and complexity of multi-replaceable unit electronics in both commercial and consumer industries have increased, many design and manufacturing organizations have expanded the use of the FRU storage device. Storage is no longer limited to simply identification of the FRU itself, but now also comprises back-up copies of critical system information such as system serial numbers, MAC address and even security information. Some systems will fail to function at all without each FRU in the system being ratified at start-up. Today one cannot assume that the FRU storage device is only used to maintain the FRU ID of the part.
See also
Shop-replaceable unit
Line-replaceable unit
Notes
Electronic engineering
Maintenance
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department%20of%20Defense%20Discovery%20Metadata%20Specification
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The Department of Defense Discovery Metadata Specification (DoD Discovery Metadata Specification or DDMS) is a Net-Centric Enterprise Services (NCES) metadata initiative. DDMS is loosely based on the Dublin Core vocabulary. DDMS defines discovery metadata elements for resources posted to community and organizational shared spaces. It is sometimes (incorrectly) referred to as DoD Discovery Metadata Standard. The project focuses both on the process of developing a central taxonomy for metadata, and defining a way of discovering resources by their metadata using that taxonomy.
The DDMS was created in support of the DoD Net-Centric Data Strategy (dated May 9, 2003), and specifies a set of information fields that are to be used to describe any data or service asset that is made known to the DoD Enterprise. The elements in the DDMS are designed to be platform, language, and implementation-independent, and the specification is described with an XML Schema.
The DDMS is currently on version 5.0 released on January 14, 2013. This is the first version to recast DDMS within the bounds of the Intelligence Community's Trusted Data Format specification. In this paradigm, the DDMS metacard is not a standalone top-level construct. Instead, it is a single assertion which decorates a Trusted Data Object, and which is incomplete on its own. DDMS 5.0 also replaces the Geography Markup Language (GML) profile for geospatial information with Time-Space Position Information v2.0 (TSPI).
DDMS 5.0 requires TDF V2 and associated IC specifications (ISM V10, NTK V8, VIRT V1).
Structure
The DDMS is designed using a layered approach, combining a Core Layer and an Extensible Layer surrounded by the DDMS Resource Header. The Core Layer is composed of five sets of element categories, each with a specific functional focus for describing a data asset:
The Metacard elements describe the DDMS resource itself.
The Security elements enable the description of security classification of the described resource, Need-to-Know (NTK) information, and related notices.
The Resource elements enable the description of maintenance and administration information.
The Summary Content elements enable the description of concepts and topics.
The Format elements enable the description of physical attributes of the asset.
The Extensible Layer is designed to support domain-specific or Community of Interest (COI) discovery metadata requirements, and can be used to extend the element categories identified in the Core Layer. Extensions are expected to be registered in the DoD Metadata Registry. Extensible attribute spaces are also provided on some elements.
Earlier versions
DDMS Version 4.1 (released June 12, 2012)
DDMS Version 4.0.1 (released November 18, 2011)
DDMS Version 4.0 (released September 22, 2011)
DDMS Version 3.1 (released July 5, 2011)
DDMS Version 3.0.1 (released March 4, 2011, documentation update only)
DDMS Version 3.0 (released September 2, 2010)
DDMS Version 3.0 Pre-Rel
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCCS
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GCCS may refer to:
Gilboa-Conesville Central School, in New York, United States
Global Command and Control System
Global Conference on CyberSpace
Gloucester County Christian School, in Sewell, New Jersey, United States
Government Chinese Character Set
Government Code and Cypher School at Bletchley Park
Grove City Christian School, in Ohio, United States
See also
GCC (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APRO
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APRO can stand for:
ICFTU Asia and Pacific Regional Organisation, former trade union federation
Aerial Phenomena Research Organization, former UFO research network
See also
Apro language
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bad%20Times
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Bad Times is a computer virus hoax sent out by e-mail. This "virus" does not actually exist, and the "warning" is meant to parody the alarmist message that spread the hoax of the Goodtimes virus hoax.
The "Badtimes" email followed the principles of "Goodtimes", by warning of the horrible consequences that the alleged virus could inflict. However, "Badtimes" attempted to make itself implausible even to people unfamiliar with computers, although it started by claiming that the virus would wipe the victim's computer hard disk drive: implausible claims that "Badtimes" made included using subspace field harmonics to scratch any CDs that the victim attempted to play, drinking all the beer, and leaving dirty socks on the coffee table when the victim expected company. Some versions of "Badtimes" claimed that the virus replaced lunch meat with Spam, while making the victim's cologne and perfume smell like pickled cucumber.
It is unclear whether the "Badtimes" email can be classed as a joke or a hoax: in June 2006, Sophos acknowledged that "Badtimes" meant to parody virus hoax emails, but nevertheless advised against forwarding the joke email, in case the recipients misunderstood the threat to be real.
The hoax inspired a musical version, by the group Laika, where the female lyricist recites the contents of one of the versions of the virus.
The "Weird Al" Yankovic song "Virus Alert" contains several similar claims in its lyrics.
References
External links
Sophos hoax description: Badtimes
Badtimes Lyrics
Bad Times Virus
GNU.org Virus Warning
Virus hoaxes
Internet memes
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint%20Data%20Network
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The Joint Data Network (JDN) is an interconnected network of JTIDS–based systems, which links air and missile defense command and control and weapons systems across United States armed forces. It provides a set of near-real-time data communications and information systems to facilitate situational awareness and the exchange and summary of Extended Air Defense engagement operations data (such as the Medium Extended Air Defense System) to centralized command centers, via inter-computer data and radio communications exchange protocols. JDN's backbone protocol is based on the NATO standard Link-16, although other data links and platforms are also integrated, or planned for integration.
References
Military radio systems
Anti-aircraft warfare
Missile defense
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java%20Portlet%20Specification
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The Java Portlet Specification defines a contract between the portlet container and portlets and provides a convenient programming model for Java portlet developers.
Portlets are pluggable user interface software components that are managed and displayed in a web portal, for example an enterprise portal or a web CMS. A portlet can aggregate (integrate) and personalize content from different sources within a web page. A portlet responds to requests from a web client with and generates dynamic content.
Portlets produce fragments of markup (HTML, XHTML, WML) that are aggregated into a portal. Typically, following the desktop metaphor, a portal page is displayed as a collection of non-overlapping portlet windows, where each portlet window displays a portlet. Hence a portlet (or collection of portlets) resembles a web-based application that is hosted in a portal.
Some examples of portlet applications are e-mail, weather reports, discussion forums, and news.
A portlet is managed by a portlet container. Portlet standards platform independent application programming interfaces that are intended to enable software developers to create portlets that can be plugged into any portal supporting the standards. An example is the Java Portlet Specification. A Java portlet resembles a Java Servlet, but produces fragments rather than complete documents, and is not bound by a URL.
A portlet container runs portlets and provides them with the required runtime environment. A portlet container contains portlets and manages their life cycles. It also provides persistent storage mechanisms for the portlet preferences. A portlet container receives requests from the portal to execute requests on the portlets hosted by it. A portlet container is not responsible for aggregating the content produced by the portlets; the portal itself handles aggregation. A portal and a portlet container can be built together as a single component of an application suite or as two separate components of a portal application.
JSR 168
The Java Portlet Specification V1.0 was developed under the Java Community Process as Java Specification Request JSR 168, and released in its final form in October 2003.
The Java Portlet Specification V1.0 introduces the basic portlet programming model with:
two phases of action processing and rendering in order to support the Model–View–Controller pattern.
portlet modes, enabling the portal to advise the portlet what task it should perform and what content it should generate
window states, indicating the amount of portal page space that will be assigned to the content generated by the portlet
portlet data model, allowing the portlet to store view information in the render parameters, session related information in the portlet session and per user persistent data in the portlet preferences
a packaging format in order to group different portlets and other Java EE artifacts needed by these portlets into one portlet application which can be deployed on t
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lecture%20Notes%20in%20Computer%20Science
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Lecture Notes in Computer Science is a series of computer science books published by Springer Science+Business Media since 1973.
Overview
The series contains proceedings, post-proceedings, monographs, and Festschrifts. In addition, tutorials, state-of-the-art surveys, and "hot topics" are increasingly being included.
The series is indexed by DBLP.
See also
Monographiae Biologicae, another monograph series published by Springer Science+Business Media
Lecture Notes in Physics
Lecture Notes in Mathematics
Electronic Workshops in Computing, published by the British Computer Society
References
External links
Academic journals established in 1973
Computer science books
Series of non-fiction books
Springer Science+Business Media
Conference proceedings published in books
Books of lectures
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connie%20%28TV%20series%29
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Connie is a 1985 British television drama series. Produced by Central Television for the ITV Network, it starred Stephanie Beacham in the title role. 13 episodes were made which were broadcast throughout the summer of 1985.
Series history
Written by Ron Hutchinson as a dry commentary on Thatcherite values in the 1980s, the series was set in the East Midlands garment industry and tells the story of a woman returning to the United Kingdom from Greece after eight years in self-imposed exile. She is determined to claw back control of her chain of high street clothes shops that are now controlled by her stepsister, and also get her foot back into the "House of Bea", a family-owned garment factory run by her father and stepmother, which is now losing money.
The series is chiefly memorable for the high-octane performance of Stephanie Beacham as the eponymous Connie, snarling her way through such camp, metaphorical 1980s capitalistic dialogue as "My spoon is going into the gravy, my snout is going into the trough. I'm having some of that."
It was partly on the strength of Connie that Beacham won the role of Sable in The Colbys, the spin-off series from the American primetime soap opera Dynasty, which subsequently led to a high-profile career for her in American television.
Other notable castmembers in the series included Pam Ferris as Connie's conniving stepsister Nesta, George Costigan as her ex-husband Arnie, Richard Morant as her new love interest David Jamieson, Brenda Bruce as her stepmother Bea and Paul Rogers as Hector, Connie's father. Actor Ronald Lacey, best known for his role as the villainous Nazi agent Arnold Toht in Raiders of the Lost Ark, appeared in several episodes as Crawder, a corrupt, wealthy industrialist with whom Connie must tangle.
Reception
Writing in The Guardian, TV critic Nancy Banks-Smith gave the opening episode a positive review, depicting the series as a "gritty soap" and stating that the writing has a "nice citrus bite to it, sharp and funny." She praised the cast as "strong", and opined that Beacham "has a whiff of big cat about her."
Releases
DVD release
Network released the full 13-part series on DVD as a 4-disc set on 24 September 2012. The set includes a photo gallery as a bonus feature.
Novelisation
A tie-in paperback novelisation of the series, also written by series creator Ron Hutchinson, was published by Methuen in 1985.
Theme song
The theme song entitled "The Show" was written by playwright/composer Willy Russell and series creator Ron Hutchinson, and performed by Rebecca Storm. It was released as a 7" and extended 12" single by Towerbell Records in June 1985 and reached number 22 on the UK Singles Chart.
It was later covered by Kate Rusby in 2020, appearing on her album Hand Me Down.
External links
References
1980s British drama television series
1985 British television series debuts
1985 British television series endings
ITV television dramas
Television series by ITV Studios
English-language tel
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Oakland%20Athletics%20broadcasters
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Current broadcasters
Radio
Oakland Athletics' games in the Bay Area are broadcast on KNEW. Outside the Bay Area, the A's radio network of 18 stations (three of them nights and weekends only) reach baseball fans in Northern California and Nevada. The team also has an in-market online radio station branded as A's Cast which is available on iHeartRadio.
As of 2022, the Athletics' radio broadcast team consists of Ken Korach, Vince Cotroneo and Roxy Bernstein. Korach, A's play-by-play announcer since 1996, moved up to the lead position with the death of Bill King. Cotroneo has had 13 years of major-league experience, most recently with the Texas Rangers. King, who died on October 18, 2005, was the lead radio voice of the Athletics for 25 years, from 1981 through 2005, the longest tenure for an A's announcer since the team's games were first broadcast in 1938 (they were the Philadelphia Athletics from 1901 to 1954, and the Kansas City Athletics from 1955 to 1967, before owner Charles O. Finley moved them to Oakland). King was paired in the booth with Lon Simmons from 1981 through 1995. Former A's catcher Ray Fosse served as the broadcast team's analyst from 1986 to 2021. For several years starting in 2001, Steve Bitker served as a back-up play-by-play announcer, averaging about 20 games per season. He had limited appearances in 2006, filling in when Korach was on vacation.
Robert Buan held the position of Athletics' broadcasting manager from 1995 to 2010. He also hosted the "Extra Innings" postgame radio talk show, which fans called to talk about the A's with Buan or a guest. The show often emanated from the stadium or in a studio, and certain select ones were broadcast from local bars or restaurants before a live audience. He also did Internet-only play-by-play of spring training games. He was succeeded by Chris Townsend and Rick Tittle.
King, a native of Bloomington, Illinois, was perhaps the most well-known sports announcer in the Bay Area, having previously handled play-by-play work for football's Oakland and Los Angeles Raiders (1966–1992) and basketball's San Francisco and Golden State Warriors (1962–1983). His trademark catchphrase "Holy Toledo!" was familiar to Northern California sports fans for over forty years. King and his fellow Athletics radio announcers, Ken Korach and Ray Fosse, were ranked as the second-best broadcast team in the American League by USA Today in 2005.
Television
A's games are telecast on NBC Sports California.
As of 2023, Johnny Doskow is the A's television play-by-play announcer, and Dallas Braden is the A's television color commentator. From 1986 to 2021, former major league catcher, Ray Fosse analyzed the games. When not doing so in the television booth, Fosse added to the radio broadcast team. Chris Townsend hosts "A's Cast Live", the A's Radio Network pre- and postgame shows, and is an in-studio host for NBC Sports California for select broadcasts.
In August 2021, Ray Fosse announced that he battled ca
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhou%20Chaochen
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Zhou Chaochen (; born 1 November 1937) is a Chinese computer scientist.
Zhou was born in Nanhui, Shanghai, China. He studied as an undergraduate at the Department of Mathematics and Mechanics, Peking University (1954–1958) and as a postgraduate at the Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) (1963–1967).
He worked at Peking University and CAS until his visit to the Oxford University Computing Laboratory (now the Oxford University Department of Computer Science) (1989–1992). During this time, he was the prime investigator of the duration calculus, an interval logic for real-time systems as part of the European ESPRIT ProCoS project on Provably Correct Systems.
During the periods 1990–1992 and 1995–1996, Zhou Chaochen was visiting professor at the Department of Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, on the invitation of Professor Dines Bjørner. He was Principal Research Fellow (1992–1997) and later Director of UNU-IIST in Macau (1997–2002), until his retirement, when he returned to Beijing.
In 2007, Zhou and Dines Bjørner, the first Director of UNU-IIST, were honoured on the occasion of their 70th birthdays. Zhou is a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Books
Zhou, Chaochen and Hansen, Michael R., Duration Calculus: A Formal Approach to Real-Time Systems. Springer-Verlag, Monographs in Theoretical Computer Science, An EATCS Series, 2003. .
References
External links
Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ISCAS) information
1937 births
Living people
Chinese computer scientists
Formal methods people
Members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
Members of the Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford
Peking University alumni
Academic staff of Peking University
Scientists from Shanghai
Academic staff of the Technical University of Denmark
Academic staff of United Nations University
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiga%20Disk%20File
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Amiga Disk File (ADF) is a file format used by Amiga computers and emulators to store images of floppy disks. It has been around almost as long as the Amiga itself, although it was not initially called by any particular name. Before it was known as ADF, it was used in commercial game production, backup and disk virtualization. ADF is a track-by-track dump of the disk data as read by the Amiga operating system, and so the "format" is really fixed-width AmigaDOS data tracks appended one after another and held in a file. This file would, typically, be formatted, like the disk, in Amiga Old File System (OFS).
ADF
Most ADF files are plain images of the Amiga-formatted tracks held on cylinder 0 to 79 of a standard double-density floppy disk, also called an 880 KiB disk in Amiga terms. The size of an ADF will vary depending on how many tracks have been imaged, but in practice it is unusual to find ADF files that are not 901,120 bytes in size (80 cylinders × 2 heads × 11 sectors × 512 bytes/sector).
Most Amiga programs were distributed on double-density floppy disks. There are also 3.5-inch high-density floppy disks, which hold up to 1.76 MB of data, but these are uncommon. The Amiga also had 5.25-inch double-density disks. The WinUAE Amiga emulator supports all three disk formats, but 3.5-inch double-density is the most common.
ADF files can be downloaded and copied to Amiga disks with the EasyADF application and various applications freely available on the Internet. As they are plain disk images, they can be handled by the Unix tool dd. On Linux and NetBSD, which support the most common Amiga filesystems, ADF files can be mounted directly.
There is a program called ADF Opus, which is a Microsoft Windows–based program that allows people to create their own ADF files. This program supports creating double density (880 KB ADF files, the most common) and high-density (1.76 MB) ADF files. ADF Opus also allows people to convert ADF files into ADZ files.
There is also a GPL command line program called unADF, which allows you to extract files from an ADF file.
The part of utility pack amitools contains a set of programs named xdftool. It is under GPL and can read, write, format, and do other operations with ADF-images.
ADZ
An ADZ file is an ADF file that has been compressed with gzip. The typical file extension is .adz, derived from .adf.gz.
IPF
The ADF file format can only store disks that have legal AmigaDOS format tracks. Disks with non-standard tracks may be available in ADF format, albeit cracked in order to create a regular AmigaDOS volume. However, the Amiga itself was not limited to storing data in these standard tracks. The Amiga's floppy disk controller was very basic but transparent, and for that reason very flexible allowing disks of other and custom formats to be read and written as well. Disk handling is not locked down like the one in a modern PC, and so most of the work to read and write disks is done by the operating system
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homogeneity%20and%20heterogeneity%20%28statistics%29
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In statistics, homogeneity and its opposite, heterogeneity, arise in describing the properties of a dataset, or several datasets. They relate to the validity of the often convenient assumption that the statistical properties of any one part of an overall dataset are the same as any other part. In meta-analysis, which combines the data from several studies, homogeneity measures the differences or similarities between the several studies (see also Study heterogeneity).
Homogeneity can be studied to several degrees of complexity. For example, considerations of homoscedasticity examine how much the variability of data-values changes throughout a dataset. However, questions of homogeneity apply to all aspects of the statistical distributions, including the location parameter. Thus, a more detailed study would examine changes to the whole of the marginal distribution. An intermediate-level study might move from looking at the variability to studying changes in the skewness. In addition to these, questions of homogeneity apply also to the joint distributions.
The concept of homogeneity can be applied in many different ways and, for certain types of statistical analysis, it is used to look for further properties that might need to be treated as varying within a dataset once some initial types of non-homogeneity have been dealt with.
Of variance
Examples
Regression
Differences in the typical values across the dataset might initially be dealt with by constructing a regression model using certain explanatory variables to relate variations in the typical value to known quantities. There should then be a later stage of analysis to examine whether the errors in the predictions from the regression behave in the same way across the dataset. Thus the question becomes one of the homogeneity of the distribution of the residuals, as the explanatory variables change. See regression analysis.
Time series
The initial stages in the analysis of a time series may involve plotting values against time to examine homogeneity of the series in various ways: stability across time as opposed to a trend; stability of local fluctuations over time.
Combining information across sites
In hydrology, data-series across a number of sites composed of annual values of the within-year annual maximum river-flow are analysed. A common model is that the distributions of these values are the same for all sites apart from a simple scaling factor, so that the location and scale are linked in a simple way. There can then be questions of examining the homogeneity across sites of the distribution of the scaled values.
Combining information sources
In meteorology, weather datasets are acquired over many years of record and, as part of this, measurements at certain stations may cease occasionally while, at around the same time, measurements may start at nearby locations. There are then questions as to whether, if the records are combined to form a single longer set of records, those records c
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%20User%20Group
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The Z User Group (ZUG) was established in 1992 to promote use and development of the Z notation, a formal specification language for the description of and reasoning about computer-based systems. It was formally constituted on 14 December 1992 during the ZUM'92 Z User Meeting in London, England.
Meetings and conferences
ZUG has organised a series of Z User Meetings approximately every 18 months initially. From 2000, these became the ZB Conference (jointly with the B-Method, co-organized with APCB), and from 2008 the ABZ Conference (with Abstract State Machines as well). In 2010, the ABZ Conference also includes Alloy, a Z-like specification language with associated tool support.
The Z User Group participated at the FM'99 World Congress on Formal Methods in Toulouse, France, in 1999. The group and the associated Z notation have been studied as a Community of Practice.
List of proceedings
The following proceedings were produced by the Z User Group:
Bowen, J.P.; Nicholls, J.E., eds. (1993). Z User Workshop, London 1992, Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Z User Meeting, 14–15 December 1992. Springer, Workshops in Computing.
Bowen, J.P.; Hall, J.A., eds. (1994). Z User Workshop, Cambridge 1994, Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Z User Meeting, 29–30 June 1994. Springer, Workshops in Computing.
Bowen, J.P.; Hinchey, M.G, eds. (1995). ZUM '95: The Z Formal Specification Notation, 9th International Conference of Z Users, Limerick, Ireland, September 7–9, 1995. Springer, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Volume 967.
Bowen, J.P.; Hinchey, M.G.; Till, D., eds. (1997). ZUM '97: The Z Formal Specification Notation, 10th International Conference of Z Users, Reading, UK, April 3–4, 1997. Springer, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Volume 1212.
Bowen, J.P.; Fett, A.; Hinchey, M.G., eds. (1998). ZUM '98: The Z Formal Specification Notation, 11th International Conference of Z Users, Berlin, Germany, September 24–26, 1998. Springer, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Volume 1493.
The following ZB conference proceedings were jointly produced with the Association de Pilotage des Conférences B (APCB), covering the Z notation and the related B-Method:
Bowen, J.P.; Dunne, S.; Galloway, A.; King. S., eds. (2000). ZB 2000: Formal Specification and Development in Z and B, First International Conference of B and Z Users, York, UK, August 29 – September 2, 2000. Springer, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Volume 1878.
Bert, D.; Bowen, J.P.; Henson, M.C.; Robinson, K., eds. (2002). ZB 2002: Formal Specification and Development in Z and B: 2nd International Conference of B and Z Users Grenoble, France, January 23–25, 2002. Springer, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Volume 2272.
Bert, D.; Bowen, J.P.; King, S.; Walden, M., eds. (2003). ZB 2003: Formal Specification and Development in Z and B: Third International Conference of B and Z Users, Turku, Finland, June 4–6, 2003. Springer, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Volume 2651.
Treharne, H.; King, S.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BCS-FACS
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BCS-FACS is the BCS Formal Aspects of Computing Science Specialist Group.
Overview
The FACS group, inaugurated on 16 March 1978, organizes meetings for its members and others on formal methods and related computer science topics. There is an associated journal, Formal Aspects of Computing, published by Springer, and a more informal FACS FACTS newsletter.
The group celebrated its 20th anniversary with a meeting at the Royal Society in London in 1998, with presentations by four eminent computer scientists, Mike Gordon, Tony Hoare, Robin Milner and Gordon Plotkin, all Fellows of the Royal Society.
From 2002–2008 and since 2013 again, the Chair of BCS-FACS has been Jonathan Bowen. Jawed Siddiqi was Chair during 2008–2013. In December 2002, BCS-FACS organized a conference on the Formal Aspects of Security (FASec'02) at Royal Holloway, University of London. In 2004, FACS organized a major event at London South Bank University to celebrate its own 25th anniversary and also 25 Years of CSP (CSP25), attended by the originator of CSP, Sir Tony Hoare, and others in the field.
The group liaises with other related groups such as the Centre for Software Reliability, Formal Methods Europe, the London Mathematical Society Computer Committee, the Safety-Critical Systems Club, and the Z User Group. It has held joint meetings with other BCS specialist groups such as the Advanced Programming Group and BCSWomen.
FACS sponsors and supports meetings, such as the Refinement Workshop. It has often held a Christmas event each year, with a theme related to formal aspects of computing — for example, teaching formal methods and formal methods in industry. BCS-FACS supported the ABZ 2008 conference at the BCS London premises. In 2015, FACS hosted a two-day ProCoS Workshop on "Provably Correct Systems", with many former members of the ESPRIT ProCoS I and II projects and Working Group of the 1990s.
Evening seminars
In recent years, a series of evening seminars have been held, mainly at the BCS London office. Speakers have included leading computer scientists, mainly from the United Kingdom but some from abroad, including Samson Abramsky FRS, Jean-Raymond Abrial (France/Switzerland), Farhad Arbab, Troy Astarte, Dines Bjørner (Denmark), Robin Bloomfield, Richard Bornat (twice), Egon Börger (Italy), Jonathan Bowen, Jan Broenink (Netherlands), Michael Butler, Muffy Calder OBE (twice), Jack Copeland (New Zealand), Tim Denvir, Cedric Fournet (France), Mike Gordon FRS, Anthony Hall, Mark Harman, Martin Henson, Rob Hierons, Jane Hillston, Mike Hinchey, Sir Tony Hoare FRS, Mike Holcombe, Michael Jackson, Cliff Jones, Marta Kwiatkowska (twice), Zhiming Liu, Tom Maibaum, Ursula Martin CBE, Peter Mosses, Ben Moszkowski, Peter O'Hearn FRS, Steve Reeves (New Zealand), John Reynolds (USA), Peter Ryan, Steve Schneider, Joe Stoy, David Turner, John Tucker, Phil Wadler, among others.
In 2010, a book of chapters based on some of these talks was published.
Talks have been held annually with
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toonami%20%28British%20and%20Irish%20TV%20channel%29
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Toonami was a British children's channel which aired from September 2003 to May 2007.
History
Pre-Launch
Toonami was a programming block on Cartoon Network, until June 2002 when its programming was moved to the soon-to-be launched CNX, a new channel launched by Cartoon Network UK, the first Cartoon Network derivative to launch outside North America. CNX did not function like Turner's other kids channels, instead operating as a general entertainment network with children's programming during the day and more adult programming at night, which included martial arts movies, adult-oriented animation like the Adult Swim originals, and dramas like The Shield and Birds of Prey.
At the beginning of 2003, the channel introduced a Toonami programming strand for CNX's daytime hours.
Launch
On 9 July 2003, Turner announced that a standalone Toonami channel would replace CNX beginning in September 2003 and move to the kids section on the EPG, with a Turner spokesperson citing the adult market being "crowded and competitive" as the reason for the channel's closure.
On 1 September, it was officially announced that CNX would rebrand as Toonami on 9 September, and on that day, CNX's slot on Sky Digital and Telewest was moved to the "Kids" sections and relabelled as Toonami, which launched at 6 am on that day. The channel was also made available on NTL on the same day.
However, TOM (who was TOM 2, despite America already having switched to TOM 3) was not voiced by Steven Blum (minus when Lockdown aired on the channel in 2003), instead given a new voice actor: Christian Stevenson, otherwise known as DJ BBQ. Stevenson earlier hosted the CNX show Trailer Park alongside Ed Leigh. Previously, when Toonami was still a block on Cartoon Network UK, the block used TOM 1 and had a voice similar to Tansit from Space Ghost Coast to Coast narrating in its bumpers, which many fans believed to be TOM's voice.
In 2005, Toonami was added to the TV and video on demand kids' package for VNL's HomeChoice (now TalkTalk TV). Broadcasting for the channel involved using advanced MPEG-4 compression technology, the first TV channel in the world to do so.
On 6 March 2006, Toonami changed its focus from action cartoons to entertainment in general, as the channel moved to Sky 602 and began airing five live-action shows: Backyard Science, Parker Lewis Can't Lose, Stencil, Hangin' with Mr. Cooper and Life with Derek. Additionally, the entire design of the channel was overhauled, with the stark, simplistic black, white and red logos replaced with blue, as well as the introduction of giggling, blob-like mascots that populated the channel's bumpers and idents.
Merger with Cartoon Network Too
On 2 May 2007, Turner announced that Toonami would cease operations on 24 May 2007 and its EPG slot would be taken over by Cartoon Network Too. This was to allow a full-time Cartoonito channel to launch in Cartoon Network Too's original slot on Sky. On May 24, Toonami ceased operations at 3:00 am and C
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Sweetest%20Apu
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"The Sweetest Apu" is the nineteenth episode of the thirteenth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on May 5, 2002. In the episode, Homer and Marge discover that convenience store owner Apu is having an affair with the Squishee delivery lady working in his store.
"The Sweetest Apu" was written by John Swartzwelder and directed by Matthew Nastuk. It features Inside the Actors Studio host James Lipton as himself. It also features references to The New Yorker, photographer Richard Avedon and the film Wild Wild West. In its original broadcast, the episode was seen by approximately 7.1 million viewers and finished in 37th place in the ratings the week it aired.
Following its home video release on August 24, 2010, the episode received mixed reviews from critics.
Plot
Apu sells Homer a beer keg for the American Civil War reenactment of the Battle of Springfield. At the reenactment, Principal Skinner watches as Springfielders disobey him and hold a rather inaccurate battle (featuring an orange plaid clad "East" faction, a roller skating Stonewall Jackson portrayed by Disco Stu, and a giant steam-powered super spider made by Professor Frink). After the battle, Homer brings the empty, dented keg back to Apu at the Kwik-E-Mart in an attempt to get the deposit. There, he hears a giggle coming from a closet and finds Apu making love with the woman who delivers Squishees to Kwik-E-Mart, Annette. He then walks backwards in shock all the way home to his bed and then relives the encounter in his dreams when he falls asleep.
Marge figures out what Homer saw from the movements of his pupil. They decide not to tell Manjula but while they are playing badminton, Homer and Marge act awkwardly with Manjula and Apu looking at them, trying not to give out hints Apu cheated on Manjula. They then confront Apu and he says he will break up with Annette. However, he breaks his promise. Later, Manjula watches the surveillance footage of Apu cheating and kicks him out. To help get them together, Homer and Marge invite them both to dinner, but do not tell them that the other one is coming. After a failed attempt with Bart and Lisa, Apu tries to promise to Manjula that he will change, but Manjula refuses to listen and demands a divorce.
Homeless, Apu moves into the apartment complex where Kirk Van Houten lives. The octuplets then speak their first words, which put together, say "Mommy, will you let daddy come back...cookie!" Marge and Manjula go to Apu's and arrive in time to prevent him from committing suicide by hanging. Apu is then subjected to several tasks to redeem himself, including breaking up with Annette, though Manjula says it will take time for everything to get back to normal. In bed, Manjula, finally satisfied with what he has done, kisses Apu while Homer watches from the window, on a ladder. The couple continues and Homer, traumatized, hops backwards on the ladder all the w
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KUOK
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KUOK (channel 36) is a television station licensed to Woodward, Oklahoma, United States, affiliated with the Spanish-language Univision network. Owned by the Oklahoma City–based Tyler Media Group, the station maintains a transmitter near State Highway 34 in rural southwestern Woodward County.
KUOK-CD (channel 36) in Oklahoma City is a low-power, Class A station that rebroadcasts KUOK's signal across the Oklahoma City metropolitan area. This station's transmitter is located between Southeast 50th Street and Santa Fe Avenue (adjacent to the studios of KUOK) in southern Oklahoma City. Even though KUOK and KUOK-CD maintain digital signals of their own, their combined broadcast range does not reach the entire Oklahoma City market. Therefore, KUOK is simulcast in high definition on the second digital subchannel of Shawnee-licensed sister station, Telemundo affiliate and Tyler Media flagship KTUZ-TV (UHF channel 29.2, mapped as virtual channel 36.1) from its transmitter near 86th Street and Ridgeway Road (south of Britton Road) in northeast Oklahoma City.
KUOK, KUOK-CD and KTUZ are also sisters to low-power Estrella TV affiliate KOCY-LD (channel 48). All four outlets share studios near Southeast 51st Street and Shields Boulevard in south Oklahoma City.
History
The station first signed on the air on May 15, 2002 as an affiliate of Pax TV (now Ion Television); the following year, Equity Broadcasting Corporation purchased the station (Equity subsequently sold KQOK [channel 30] to Oklahoma City-based Tyler Media Group, which converted that station into a Telemundo affiliate under the KTUZ-TV call letters). On May 8, 2004, KUOK became a Univision affiliate, the first affiliate of the Spanish language network in the state of Oklahoma; it also served as the full-power flagship of a six-station bi-state network collectively branded as "Univision Arkansas-Oklahoma". Prior to the affiliation switch, Univision had previously been only receivable via local cable providers within the state (such as Cox Communications in the Oklahoma City and Tulsa markets), which carried the Spanish language network's programming from its national feed; that feed was eventually replaced by a direct fiber optic feed of KUOK – whose schedule now mirrors the national feed outside of local advertising, news inserts and occasional paid programming substitutions, and provided improved reception of the station throughout the market than that receivable over-the-air prior to the digital transition – from the station's studios.
KUOK and the three low-power stations that also Equity acquired to become its translators (K69EK [channel 69, later KWDW-LP, KUOK-LP, KOCY-LP, and now KOCY-LD on channel 48] and KCHM-LP [channel 36, now KUOK-CD] in Oklahoma City; KUOK-CA [channel 11] in Norman; and KOKT-LP [channel 20] in Sulphur), originally relayed Univision programming across Oklahoma via a direct simulcast from then-sister station KLRA-LP (now KKYK-CD) in Little Rock, Arkansas (from late 2004
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KTUZ-TV
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KTUZ-TV (channel 30) is a television station licensed to Shawnee, Oklahoma, United States, serving the Oklahoma City area as an affiliate of the Spanish-language network Telemundo. It is the flagship station of locally based Tyler Media Group, and is co-owned with Woodward-licensed Univision affiliate KUOK, channel 36 (and its Oklahoma City-based Class A translator KUOK-CD), and low-power Estrella TV affiliate KOCY-LD (channel 48). The stations share studios near Southeast 51st Street and Shields Boulevard in south Oklahoma City, while KTUZ-TV's transmitter is located near 86th Street and Ridgeway Road (south of Britton Road) in northeast Oklahoma City.
History
A construction permit application to build a television station on UHF channel 30 was submitted to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) by a group called OKC-30 Television, LLC on July 30, 1996, with the callsign KAQS assigned to the license on September 27. The station's callsign was later changed to KQOK on August 17, 2000. The station signed on the air three months later on November 10, branded as "OK30", under the ownership of Little Rock-based Equity Broadcasting Corporation. Under Equity ownership, the station held a primary affiliation with home shopping channel America's Collectibles Network (now Jewelry Television), and also carried some religious programs and children's television series compliant with the FCC's educational programming guidelines. For a brief period, KQOK also aired reruns of the classic western series Bonanza and national newscasts produced by the Independent News Network.
In early 2004, Equity Broadcasting acquired KUOK (channel 35) in Woodward, and low-power stations KCHM-LP (channel 36, now KUOK-CD) and K69EK (channel 69, now Estrella TV affiliate KOCY-LD on channel 48) in Oklahoma City, and KOKT-LP (channel 20, now defunct) in Sulphur. On May 27 of that year, Equity sold KQOK to Oklahoma City-based Tyler Media Group, becoming the company's first television station property. Under Tyler Media, channel 30 became a Telemundo affiliate on December 27, 2004; the station's affiliation switch had been delayed from an original target date of December 1. Equity had earlier switched the affiliations of KUOK and the low-power stations in Oklahoma City and Sulphur to Univision on May 8, converting the latter three stations into translator stations of KUOK. The station's callsign was also changed to KTUZ-TV (after its sister radio station KTUZ-FM [106.7 FM], which maintained a Regional Mexican music format). To accommodate the station's plans to launch local programming catering to Oklahoma's Latino community, Tyler Media expanded the company's existing Shields Boulevard facility, constructing two production studios for use for KTUZ's news and public affairs programming, and a third, larger studio for varied usage, including possible use for town hall events. The company also hired around ten employees to help manage KTUZ-TV's operations.
Prior to the analog te
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KAUT-TV
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KAUT-TV (channel 43) is a television station in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States, serving as the local outlet for The CW Television Network. It is owned and operated by the network's majority owner, Nexstar Media Group, alongside NBC affiliate KFOR-TV (channel 4). Both stations share studios in Oklahoma City's McCourry Heights section, while KAUT-TV's transmitter is located on the city's northeast side.
History
Early history
The UHF channel 43 allocation in Oklahoma City was originally assigned to Christian Broadcasting of Oklahoma Inc. – a religious nonprofit corporation headed by George G. Teague, a local evangelist and co-founder of the Capitol Hill Assembly of God – which filed an application with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) for a license and construction permit on April 4, 1977, proposing to sign on a non-commercial religious television station on the frequency. The FCC Broadcast Bureau granted the license to Christian Broadcasting of Oklahoma on November 17, 1978; two months later in January 1979, the group applied to use KFHC-TV as the planned station's callsign. On July 13, 1979, the Teague group announced it would sell the license to Golden West Broadcasters (a joint venture between actor/singer and Ravia, Oklahoma, native Gene Autry and The Signal Companies that, at the time, also owned independent station KTLA [now a fellow CW owned-and-operated station] in Los Angeles) for $60,000; the FCC granted approval of the transaction on January 24, 1980.
VEU
The station first signed on the air on October 15, 1980, as KAUT, initially operating as a pilot station for Golden West's subscription service Video Entertainment Unlimited (VEU). (The callsign, which references controlling group stakeholder Autry, was chosen by Golden West two months prior to sign-on; a "-TV" suffix would be added to the callsign on January 27, 1983.) It was the first broadcast outlet for the service, which Golden West's pay television unit, Golden West Subscription Television, Inc., initially launched on May 1 as the microwave-relayed Golden West Entertainment Network in Omaha, Nebraska, and Memphis, Tennessee. KAUT – which originally operated from a studio and office facility located at 11901 North Eastern Avenue (south of the John Kilpatrick Turnpike and southwest of the Burendale Heights North section) in northeastern Oklahoma City – was the sixth commercial television station to sign on in the Oklahoma City market and the fourth such station to operate on the UHF band.
The VEU service – which occupied the channel 43 signal weekdays from 7:00 p.m. until sign-off at 2:00 a.m. and weekends from 1:00 p.m. to 2:00 a.m. – carried uncut theatrically released feature films, entertainment specials (including concerts and Vegas revues), sporting events (including college football and basketball games from the Oklahoma Sooners, football and basketball games and wrestling matches involving the Oklahoma State Cowboys, and NBA games featuring the Dalla
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KSBI
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KSBI (channel 52) is a television station in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States, affiliated with MyNetworkTV. It is owned by locally based Griffin Media alongside CBS affiliate and company flagship KWTV-DT (channel 9). Both stations share studios on West Main Street in downtown Oklahoma City, while KSBI's transmitter is located on the city's northeast side.
History
Locke Supply ownership
The UHF channel 52 allocation was contested between two groups that vied to hold the construction permit to build a new station on the frequency. The first prospective permittee was Satellite Broadcasting Company – a religious nonprofit corporation headed by Donald J. Locke, owner of Oklahoma City-based regional hardware store chain Locke Supply Company, and his wife, Wanda McKenzie Locke – which petitioned the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) allocate a ninth television frequency in the Oklahoma City market (originally to have been assigned to Edmond) in the spring of 1979. The FCC Broadcast Bureau contended that, even though Edmond had no television channel assignments, Satellite Broadcasting failed to justify that such a need for one in the Oklahoma City suburb existed, but did allow the group to apply for use of the Oklahoma City-assigned allocation with Edmond as a designated city of license under the FCC's "15-mile" rule, which allowed licensees to assign a city of license located from the city to which the proposed station's broadcast assignment was designated. Satellite Broadcasting filed an application with the FCC for a license and construction permit on October 17, 1980, proposing to sign on a religious television station on the frequency. The second applicant, TV 52 Broadcasting, Inc., filed its own application on January 8, 1981.
The FCC granted the license to Satellite Broadcasting on April 15. 1982; two months later in August 1982, the group applied to use KSBI (standing for Satellite Broadcasting Co., Inc., in reference to the Locke-owned licensee) as the planned station's callsign. After six years of delays in getting KSBI operational, the station first signed on the air on October 3, 1988. KSBI's original studio facilities were housed out of Locke Supply's corporate offices on 82nd Street and Pole Road in southeast Oklahoma City. For its first 16 years on the air, channel 52 was largely run as a religious independent station; station management settled on the format after initially hedging on their original plans to institute a religious format, which had planned to lease free airtime to churches and televangelists. Atypical of most television stations on the air at that time, KSBI originally broadcast on a part-time basis, airing Monday through Fridays from 9:00 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. during a six-month test broadcasting stage. Programming expanded to 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. by March 1, 1989.
The station was exclusively available over-the-air in the market until June 1993, when must-carry rules passed by the FCC that allowed broadcas
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WTKL
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WTKL is a radio station on 91.1 FM in North Dartmouth, Massachusetts. It is an owned-and-operated station of the national K-Love Contemporary Christian network, covering the South Coast of Massachusetts from a tower located on the campus of the University of Massachusetts Dartmouth.
Prior to 2006, WTKL was the student-run radio station at the university, when it was known as WUSM and later WSMU-FM; in conjunction with the sign-on of higher-power WUMD 89.3, UMass sold the 91.1 license to the Educational Media Foundation.
History
College radio
Southeastern Massachusetts University, as it was then known, built and signed on WUSM in September 1974. The station operated with 10 watts at 90.5 MHz and broadcast from studios in the basement of the university residents' cafeteria before moving into the campus center. New Bedford television station WTEV (channel 6) petitioned against the grant of the facility and a series of other educational stations in the area, worried about interference; their petition delayed the station from getting a construction permit by 18 months; obtaining office space on the campus was its own challenge. The station's early years featured a bumpy stretch in 1977, when the general manager and program director were forced out by the governing board over unstated allegations. However, they also featured growth. Through the Intercollegiate Broadcasting System, WUSM obtained a hookup with ABC; programming from the American FM Network began airing on the station on February 19, 1979.
Also in 1979, WUSM was granted a construction permit to move to 91.1 MHz and increase its effective radiated power to 300 watts. On November 13, 1979, the station's existing antenna collapsed in a windstorm, after work had already begun on implementing the frequency change and power increase. The improvements did not take effect, however, until March 27, 1981. On that date, after months of delays, WUSM premiered at its new dial position; as part of its upgraded facilities, the radio station began broadcasting the Talking Information Center, a radio reading service for the blind, on its subcarrier. Approval of a second power increase, to 1,200 watts, came in 1982, after WUSM had already noted an increase in local interest from the first upgrade.
In 1986, WUSM suffered a series of technical challenges: a power surge in the campus center damaged the transmitter and forced the expensive replacement of other parts, and then the station was forced to go to air from its secondary production studio after wires in the main studio board burned out. Throughout the late 1980s, WUSM broadcast a more mainstream alternative format than most college radio stations because it was the only station in the format on the South Coast; the nearest rock station was in Providence.
The station changed its call letters from WUSM to WSMU-FM in 1989. The change allowed another university to trade in call letters it did not want. The University of Southern Mississippi had opera
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal%20Methods%20Europe
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Formal Methods Europe (FME) is an organization whose aim is to encourage the research and application of formal methods for the improvement of software and hardware in computer-based systems. The association's members are drawn from academia and industry. It is based in Europe, but is international in scope. FME operates under Dutch law.
Activities include or have included:
Dissemination of research findings and industrial experience through conferences (every 18 months) and sponsored events;
Development of information resources for educators;
Networking for commercial practitioners through ForTIA (Formal Techniques Industry Association).
The Chair of FME is John Fitzgerald of the University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
ForTIA
The Formal Techniques Industry Association (ForTIA) aimed to support the industrial use of formal methods under the umbrella organization of Formal Methods Europe. It was founded in 2003 through the initial efforts of Dines Bjørner and was chaired by Anthony Hall and Volkmar Lotz among others. Its scope was international and membership was by company. It organized meetings, especially in conjunction with conferences, for instance, industry days at the FM conferences organized by FME.
See also
BCS-FACS Formal Aspects of Computing Science Specialist Group
Formal methods
Anthony Hall, founding chair of ForTIA
References
External links
FME website
Formal Method Europe group on LinkedIn
ForTIA website (2009)
Organizations with year of establishment missing
Formal methods organizations
International organizations based in Sweden
Information technology organizations based in Europe
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-Net%20DS2
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C-Net DS2 (Developers System, Second Generation) was a full featured, single-line, bulletin board system (BBS) software system released in 1986 for the Commodore 64 microcomputer. The DS2 system was notable in that its authors proved that it was possible to perform significant and useful serious computing tasks on a hardware platform with such severely limited resources that even the manufacturer called it only a "game machine".
The Commodore-64 was a simple computer, based on the MOS Technology 6502 8-bit microprocessor, with 64 kilobytes of RAM, only 38k of which was available for program code and variables that could be used by the built-in BASIC programming language interpreter. Nevertheless, several different BBS programs were developed (including DS2) by various independent programmers (mostly hobbyists not affiliated with any large software publisher) that enabled a System Operator (SysOp) to run a single-user, multiple member online community supporting threaded topical discussions, on-line games; information reference library, live chat mode with the console operator, file-sharing library and the ability to create a customized user experience in BASIC, thus the Developers System title.
From an engineering standpoint, C-Net DS2 was remarkable in its use of Machine language modules, early multitasking technology, relocatable code, and modular program overlays. Although the user experience was entirely text-based and non-graphical, fast performance could be attained through the use of memory expansion modules, IEEE-488 interface hard drives, and modem speeds including the mid-1980s state of the art 19,200 bit/s.
Although the emergence of widely available public internet services has made private BBS systems obsolete in most of the developed free world, a dedicated core of enthusiasts continue to tinker with vintage computers and keep software like DS2 running, despite the quaint limitations of the simple linear message threading system and the primitive keyboard-based, non-graphical games.
C-Net 64 DS2 also had networking capabilities using Gary O'Brien's DS2 Network developed in 1989. This modification or add-on to C-Net DS2 BBS allowed it to connect to other C-Net BBS's and transfer a single file packet composed of all messages, email and stats from online games since the last connection. The packet would be uploaded to the receiving BBS and another packet tagged for that BBS would be downloaded. Both systems would then sort and file the packets on their systems making the new information available on each system. Gary continued to develop DS2 Network until mid-1993, then turned over rights and development to Michael Bendure.
Michael eventually took over support and distribution of both C-Net 64 DS2 BBS and DS2 Network from 1993 to 1998. An article in Commodore World Magazine; Issue 3 Volume 1, Number 3 that detailed DS2 Network features and network structure was published in 1994. Michael worked with BBS programmers on other
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game%20for%20a%20Laugh
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Game for a Laugh was a British light entertainment programme which ran for 56 editions and four specials between 26 September 1981 and 23 November 1985, made by LWT for the ITV network.
Description
The show revolved around a variety of practical jokes, either in game-type formats played out within the studio or as often elaborate set-ups on unsuspecting members of the public, either studio-based or shot on location. Studio games included the Dunk Tank (the victim would be lowered into a tank of water) and Pie Chair (a volunteer would be pied when answering a question wrong.) Other games would involve couples from the audience and climaxed with the woman throwing a custard pie at her husband or boyfriend, giggling mischievously at her handiwork and being allowed to escape without even the suggestion of payback. Each segment would end with the victim being made aware of the joke by a presenter, who would then announce that the person had proved to be "game for a laugh".
Origins
It has been said that the original format was called Gotcha and was designed as a BBC show to be presented by Paul Daniels, David Copperfield (the British comedian) and Pamela Stephenson. The pilot show was rejected, allegedly, for being 'too vulgar'. Jeremy Beadle then rewrote the format, with producer Michael Hill in the United States.
According to the show's original producer, Brian Wesley, in his 1982 book on the series, "The Game for a Laugh birthplace was the Hollywood office of producer Michael Hill." Jeremy Beadle and Hill's Los Angeles-based TV production company Hill-Eubanks Group envisaged a show in which "the people were the stars". Hill developed the eventual show with Beadle and with Jeremy Fox, then head of London-based Action Time, and the son of BBC TV executive Sir Paul Fox. Fox then presented the format to LWT. Jeremy Fox also brought to the show a wealth of stunts from Truth or Consequences, a show created by Ralph Edwards Productions in Hollywood from whom LWT bought the rights. At LWT, Head of Light Entertainment Alan Boyd put the finishing touches to it.
Production
The hosts for its first few series were Beadle, Matthew Kelly, Henry Kelly (no relation) and Sarah Kennedy. When both Kellys and Kennedy left, the hosts were Jeremy Beadle, Martin Daniels (the son of Paul Daniels), Rustie Lee and Lee Peck. The final series was hosted by Beadle, Daniels and Debbie Rix.
The production team for the series overlapped with the later Surprise, Surprise, which was originally a spin-off format from Game For a Laugh, designed by Alan Boyd to comprise the 'surprising', bizarre and humorous 'real people' elements from Game For a Laugh.
Catchphrase
The series' catchphrase was spoken by the four presenters at the end of the show - "Join us again next week when we very much hope you'll be..." then each of the four would intone, one by one:
Henry - "Watching us..."
Sarah - "Watching you..."
Matthew - "Watching us..."
Jeremy - "Watching you...."
(all) - "GOODNIGH
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KTVA
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KTVA (channel 11) is a television station in Anchorage, Alaska, United States, affiliated with the digital multicast network Rewind TV. The station is owned by Denali Media Holdings, a subsidiary of local cable provider GCI. KTVA's transmitter is located in Spenard—covering the Anchorage bowl and much of the adjacent Matanuska-Susitna Valley.
KTVA was affiliated with CBS from its sign-on in December 1953. That relationship ended on July 31, 2020, when the CBS affiliation in Anchorage was moved to KYES-TV (channel 5, now KAUU) as that station's parent company, Gray Television, acquired KTVA's non-license assets.
KTVA signed off on September 3, 2020. It resumed broadcasting on September 2, 2021, to retain its license.
In the past, KTVA was a partner of the service of low-power translators through the Alaska Rural Communications Service (ARCS).
History
Alaskan broadcast pioneer August G. "Augie" Hiebert (1916–2007) applied for the license in May 1953 through his company, Northern Television. He received FCC approval for construction permits in July 1953, and KTVA signed on the air on December 11, 1953, broadcasting (initially from 2 p.m. to 11:30 p.m.). The studio and office were originally housed on the first floor and the transmitter on top of the pink 14-story McKinley Tower, with an analog signal on VHF channel 11. The station aired a few NBC programs in the late 1960s, until KHAR-TV (channel 13, now ABC affiliate KYUR) took the NBC affiliation in 1970. The station was a DuMont affiliate in the early 1950s. KTVA also carried Sesame Street from 1970 until PBS member station KAKM (channel 7) signed on in 1975.
On January 3, 1971, KTVA aired Anchorage's first-ever live satellite broadcast from the lower 48 states, the 1970 NFC Championship Game. Until the 1980s, when the networks went to full satellite distribution, KTVA and other TV stations in Alaska aired network programming on a tape-delayed basis via kinescoped and, later, videotaped recordings of network programs provided by fellow CBS affiliate KIRO-TV in Seattle (and KING-TV during KTVA's NBC affiliation), which were then flown to Alaska.
Hiebert retired in 1997, and three years later in 2000, KTVA was acquired by the newspaper publisher MediaNews Group. KTVA brought in $6.8 million of revenue in 2009, second to NBC affiliate KTUU-TV (channel 2) with $10 million (40% of the market).
On November 9, 2012, GCI, through subsidiary Denali Media Holdings, announced plans to purchase KTVA, as well as KATH-LD and KSCT-LP in Southeast Alaska. The Federal Communications Commission approved the deal on October 29, 2013. The sale was formally closed on November 1.
On December 2, 2013, KTVA moved to a new high definition-capable studio on the second floor of the headquarters of the Anchorage Daily News, and unveiled a new set and logo. KTVA became the first television station in Alaska to broadcast local news in high definition.
In 2017, KTVA was received a prestigious James Beard Award for i
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MathSciNet
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MathSciNet is a searchable online bibliographic database created by the American Mathematical Society in 1996. It contains all of the contents of the journal Mathematical Reviews (MR) since 1940 along with an extensive author database, links to other MR entries, citations, full journal entries, and links to original articles. It contains almost 3.6 million items and over 2.3 million links to original articles.
Along with its parent publication Mathematical Reviews, MathSciNet has become an essential tool for researchers in the mathematical sciences. Access to the database is by subscription only and is not generally available to individual researchers who are not affiliated with a larger subscribing institution.
For the first 40 years of its existence, traditional typesetting was used to produce the Mathematical Reviews journal. Starting in 1980 bibliographic information and the reviews themselves were produced in both print and electronic form. This formed the basis of the first purely electronic version called MathFile launched in 1982. Further enhancements were added over the next 18 years and the current version known as MathSciNet went online in 1996.
Unlike most other abstracting databases, MathSciNet takes care to uniquely identify authors. Its author search allows the user to find publications associated with a given author record, even if multiple authors have exactly the same name or if the same person publishes under multiple names or name variants. Mathematical Reviews personnel will sometimes even contact authors to ensure that MathSciNet has correctly attributed their papers.
MathSciNet co-develops the Mathematics Subject Classification taxonomy with zbMATH.
Scope
MathSciNet contains information on over 3 million articles and over eight hundred thousand authors indexed from 1800 mathematical journals, many of them abstracted "cover-to-cover". A portion of those journals (about 450 in 2012) are designated as "Reference List Journals"; for MathSciNet entries of papers from these journals original reference lists are included.
In addition, reviews or bibliographical information on selected articles is included from many engineering, computer science and other applied journals abstracted by MathSciNet. The selection is done by the editors of Mathematical Reviews. The editors accept suggestions to cover additional journals, but do not reconsider missing articles for inclusion.
See also
All-Russian Mathematical Portal
Zentralblatt MATH
List of academic databases and search engines
References
External links
Official website
Bibliographic databases and indexes
Mathematical databases
Bibliographic databases in computer science
Publications established in 1980
Scholarly search services
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/You%27re%20the%20Greatest%2C%20Charlie%20Brown
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You're the Greatest, Charlie Brown is the 18th prime-time animated TV special based upon the comic strip Peanuts, by Charles M. Schulz. It was originally aired on the CBS network on March 19, 1979, making it the last Peanuts TV special of the 1970s.
It was released to DVD on January 27, 2009, by Warner Home Video as a bonus feature to You're a Good Sport, Charlie Brown. It appeared in remastered form in the Peanuts 1970s Collection Vol. 2 on June 1, 2010. Before that, the special was released on CED in 1981, and on VHS by Media Home Entertainment in 1984, Hi-Tops Video in 1988, and by Paramount Home Media Distribution on March 9, 1994. The special occasionally saw airings on American TV channel Nickelodeon from 1998 to 2000 as part of Nickelodeon's umbrella branding for Peanuts programming, You're on Nickelodeon, Charlie Brown!.
Synopsis
Charlie Brown decides to enter the Junior Olympics at his school after it is revealed he and his family are not going on vacation after all (even though he thought he would). The decathlon is the only thing left open, and Charlie Brown accepts the challenge (of course after everyone else there refused to take on such a tough event before Charlie Brown showed up).
Peppermint Patty, who is the school's coordinator for the Junior Olympics, oversees Charlie Brown's rigorous training for the event. Marcie also watches (and gives encouragement), and Snoopy works out with him (showing how in-shape he is and how out of shape Charlie Brown is in the process). During a review of the ten events, Patty worries about whether or not he could win and decides to enter Marcie to back him up.
On day one, Charlie Brown is introduced to his competitors: Marcie, Freddie Fabulous from Fremont (defending Decathlon champ and smug egotist who calls Charlie Brown "Pumpkin head"), and Snoopy's alter ego from Ace Obedience School, The Masked Marvel (making his first appearance since You're a Good Sport, Charlie Brown four years earlier). He places well in the first five events, enough to place him in third after the day is over. Lucy states she is annoyed that Charlie Brown cannot be a total blockhead by his third-place ranking, as the Masked Marvel came in dead last (even after winning the final event of the first day, the 400m dash).
Day two starts off bad for Charlie Brown. First, he feels nervous due to the increased pressure, then he performs badly in the 110m high hurdles (knocking down all but one hurdle and finishing last by a mile). However, after a tough talk from Peppermint Patty, a great showing in the pole vault and first-place finishes in the discus and javelin throw catapult him into first place. Now it's all on the 1500m run to finish it all off and be the school's hero. When Charlie Brown gains the lead over Freddie Fabulous, Lucy is aghast that the world must be ending as Charlie Brown is coming in first. Unfortunately, after taking the lead, Charlie Brown closes his eyes and daydreams of his victory and winds up runn
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galactica
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Galactica may refer to:
Galactica (moth), a moth genus
Battlestar Galactica, a fictional spacecraft and an American science fiction franchise
Imperium Galactica, a computer game
Galactica (roller coaster), at Alton Towers in Staffordshire, England
See also
Galaxia (disambiguation)
Galaxy (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concurrent%20computing
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Concurrent computing is a form of computing in which several computations are executed concurrently—during overlapping time periods—instead of sequentially—with one completing before the next starts.
This is a property of a system—whether a program, computer, or a network—where there is a separate execution point or "thread of control" for each process. A concurrent system is one where a computation can advance without waiting for all other computations to complete.
Concurrent computing is a form of modular programming. In its paradigm an overall computation is factored into subcomputations that may be executed concurrently. Pioneers in the field of concurrent computing include Edsger Dijkstra, Per Brinch Hansen, and C.A.R. Hoare.
Introduction
The concept of concurrent computing is frequently confused with the related but distinct concept of parallel computing, although both can be described as "multiple processes executing during the same period of time". In parallel computing, execution occurs at the same physical instant: for example, on separate processors of a multi-processor machine, with the goal of speeding up computations—parallel computing is impossible on a (one-core) single processor, as only one computation can occur at any instant (during any single clock cycle). By contrast, concurrent computing consists of process lifetimes overlapping, but execution need not happen at the same instant. The goal here is to model processes in the outside world that happen concurrently, such as multiple clients accessing a server at the same time. Structuring software systems as composed of multiple concurrent, communicating parts can be useful for tackling complexity, regardless of whether the parts can be executed in parallel.
For example, concurrent processes can be executed on one core by interleaving the execution steps of each process via time-sharing slices: only one process runs at a time, and if it does not complete during its time slice, it is paused, another process begins or resumes, and then later the original process is resumed. In this way, multiple processes are part-way through execution at a single instant, but only one process is being executed at that instant.
Concurrent computations may be executed in parallel, for example, by assigning each process to a separate processor or processor core, or distributing a computation across a network. In general, however, the languages, tools, and techniques for parallel programming might not be suitable for concurrent programming, and vice versa.
The exact timing of when tasks in a concurrent system are executed depends on the scheduling, and tasks need not always be executed concurrently. For example, given two tasks, T1 and T2:
T1 may be executed and finished before T2 or vice versa (serial and sequential)
T1 and T2 may be executed alternately (serial and concurrent)
T1 and T2 may be executed simultaneously at the same instant of time (parallel and concurrent)
The word "sequen
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald%20V.%20Book
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Ronald Vernon Book (March 5 1937 – May 28, 1997 in Santa Barbara, California) was a theoretical computer scientist. He published more than 150 papers in scientific journals.
His papers are of great impact for computational complexity theory and term rewriting.
References
Further reading
. See also listing of Book's publications, pp. xxiii–xxxiv
. See also foreword by Maurice Nivat, pp. xiii–xiv, and listing of Book's publications, pp. 5–11.
.
.
External links
20th-century American mathematicians
1937 births
1997 deaths
Theoretical computer scientists
Harvard University alumni
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulisteinen
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The Kulisteinen, also known as the Kuli stone and listed as N 449 in the Rundata catalog, is a stone with a runic inscription that was originally located at Kuløy in Smøla municipality, Norway.
Description
For over 900 years the Kuli stone had been at Kuløy, but then 1913 it was moved to Vitenskapsmuseet i Trondheim. It had a cross on the broad side, indicating that it was a Christian marker. Then in 1956 curator Aslak Liestøl noticed that the stone had a runic inscription along the narrow edge. It reads in Old Norse: "Tore and Hallvard erected this stone ... (for) twelve winters/years Christianity had been in Norway".
In the mid-1990s the inscription was subjected to laser scanning and microcartography in an attempt to arrive at a more sure reading. It was then suggested that the word translated "been" (vært) above should be read as um rétt, and that this could mean that Christianity had "supplied law and order" for twelve years. The runic stone would then have been propaganda for the new religion, Christianity. There are, however, serious paleographic and philological/linguistic problems with the new reading and interpretation.
It was first suggested by Nils Halan that the inscription refers to a national event, the establishment of the law that formally made Christianity the religion of Norway at the Moster Thing in either 1022 or 1024 by King Olaf Haraldsson. The Kuli stone was later dated to 1034 since it was originally found adjacent to a Viking Age boardwalk dated dendrochronologically to that year, on the assumption that the two were contemporaneous. Others have suggested that the inscription refers to the conquest of Norway in 995 by King Olaf Tryggvason and his forced conversions.
The transcription and translation below use that accepted in the Rundata database. The runic text refers to Nóregi, or Norway. One other Viking Age runestone refers to Norway, the larger Jelling Stone DR 42, which was raised by King Harald Bluetooth of Denmark and uses the name Norveg. The Kuli stone also marks the first known use of the word "Christianity" in Norway.
Inscription
Transliteration of the runes into Latin characters
þurir : auk : hal(u)arþr : rai(s)(t)(u) * stain : þins(i) * aft u(l)f(l)iu(t) ... ¶ tualf * uintr * ha(f)(þ)i : (k)r(i)(s)(t)(i)(n)*(t)umr : (u)iri(t) * (i) n(u)riki ...
Transcription into Old Norse
Þórir ok Hallvarðr reistu stein þenna ept Ulfljót(?) ... Tolf vetr hafði kristindómr verit í Nóregi ...
Translation in English
Þórir and Hallvarðr raised this stone in memory of Ulfljótr(?) ... Christianity had been twelve winters in Norway ...
See also
Christianization of Scandinavia
References
External links
Kulturnett.no, — in Norwegian
Photograph of runestone
11th-century inscriptions
Runestones in Norway
Archaeological sites in Norway
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichloromethane%20%28data%20page%29
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Please find below supplementary chemical data about dichloromethane.
MSDS sheets
The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommend that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet (MSDS) for this chemical from a reliable source and follow its directions.
Baker
Structure and properties
Thermodynamic properties
Vapor pressure of liquid
Table data obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 47th ed.
Spectral data
Structure and properties data
References
NIST website
G. W. C. Kaye and T. H. Laby, Tables of Physical & Chemical Constants at National Physical Laboratory
Heat capacity
Chemical data pages
Chemical data pages cleanup
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresenius%20Medical%20Care
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Fresenius Medical Care AG & Co. KGaA is a German healthcare company which provides kidney dialysis services through a network of 4,171 outpatient dialysis centers, serving 345,425 patients. The company primarily treats end-stage renal disease (ESRD), which requires patients to undergo dialysis 3 times per week for the rest of their lives.
With a global headquarters in Bad Homburg vor der Höhe, Germany, and a North American headquarters in Waltham, Massachusetts, it has a 38% market share of the dialysis market in the United States. It also operates 42 production sites, the largest of which are in the U.S., Germany, and Japan.
The company is 32% owned by Fresenius and, as of 2020, generates around 50% of the group's revenue.
The company is on the Best Employers List published by Forbes.
History
In 1996, Fresenius SE & Co. KGaA merged its dialysis business into W.R. Grace's National Medical Care to form Fresenius Medical Care.
In 2000, the company pleaded guilty to billing Medicare for unnecessary medical tests and to paying kickbacks for lab business and paid a $486 million fine.
In February 2012, the company acquired Liberty Dialysis Holding, which added 201 clinics, for $1.5 billion.
In March 2012, Rice Powell was appointed CEO.
In 2013, the company acquired Shiel Medical Laboratory, expanding services to New York City metro area. In December 2017, the company sold this business to Quest Diagnostics.
In February 2019, the company acquired NxStage, a U.S.-based maker of in-home dialysis devices, for $2 billion.
In March 2019, the company paid $231 million to the United States Department of Justice and the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission to settle allegations of civil bribery to obtain business in 13 countries, including Angola, Saudi Arabia, Morocco, and Spain.
As part of the settlement the company agreed to retain an independent corporate compliance monitor for at least two years.
In March 2023, the company was certified by the monitor that its compliance program is reasonably designed and implemented to detect and prevent violations of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). The certification was accepted by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and the United States Department of Justice.
References
External links
Companies based in Hesse
Companies listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange
Companies in the MDAX
Health care companies established in 1996
German companies established in 1996
Health care companies of Germany
Medical and health organisations based in Hesse
Multinational companies headquartered in Germany
Private providers of NHS services
Bad Homburg vor der Höhe
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberdyne
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Cyberdyne may refer to:
Cyberdyne Inc., a Japanese company which sells a powered exoskeleton called HAL 5 (Hybrid Assistive Limb)
Cyberdyne (Cyber Dynamics Systems Corporation), a fictional corporation that created the Skynet system in the Terminator franchise
Cyberdyne, the name of a fictional manufacturer in the anime Hand Maid May
See also
Cyberdyne Ibaraki Robots, a Japanese professional basketball team
Norton Cyberdyne from the 1990 B horror/science fiction film Syngenor
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS%20%28disambiguation%29
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CBS, formerly Columbia Broadcasting System, is an American TV and radio network.
CBS may also refer to:
Business and organisations
Businesses
CBS Corporation, 2005 to 2019
CBS Records (disambiguation), several uses
Christian Broadcasting System, a South Korean Christian TV network
Coventry Building Society, a British building society based in Coventry
National organisations
('Central Investigation Bureau of Police'), a Polish police unit
Statistics Netherlands (), the Dutch national institute of statistics
Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, an autonomous Indian national institute in Mumbai
Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, the Israeli national institute of statistics
Canadian Blood Services, a non-profit charitable organization
Educational organisations
CBS, the name of several Christian Brothers Schools
CBS International Business School, Germany
Calcutta Boys' School, India
Colonel Brown Cambridge School, Dehradun, India
Columbia Business School, New York City, U.S.
Copenhagen Business School, Denmark
La Ceiba Bilingual School, Honduras
University of Minnesota College of Biological Sciences, U.S.
Westerdijk Institute (formerly ), the Dutch institute of fungus studies
Religious organisations
Campus Bible Study, at the University of New South Wales, Australia
Campus by the Sea, in Catalina Island, California, U.S.
Confraternity of the Blessed Sacrament, an Anglican devotional society
Science and technology
CBS catalyst (Corey–Bakshi–Shibata catalyst), in organic chemistry
CBS domain, a protein domain in molecular biology
CBS reduction (Corey-Bakshi-Shibata reduction), a chemical reaction
Charles Bonnet syndrome, a type of psychophysical visual disturbance
Combined braking system, on a motorcycle or scooter
Container-based sanitation, a toilet system
Component-Based Servicing, a management feature new to Windows Vista operating system
Concrete block structure, a building structure built from concrete masonry units
Cystathionine beta synthase, an enzyme
Credit-based shaper, in IEEE 802.1Qav time-sensitive networking
Transportation
Coatbridge Sunnyside railway station, Scotland, station code CBS
Columbus station, Wisconsin, United States, station code CBS
Other uses
Central Broadcasting System, or Radio Taiwan International, Republic of China radio station
Chronological Bible Storying, a method of orally communicating portions of the Bible
Conception Bay South, a town in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, known as CBS
Croatia Boat Show, a boat show in Split, Croatia
See also
CBS Television (disambiguation)
CBS-FM (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applix
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Applix Inc. was a computer software company founded in 1983 based in Westborough, Massachusetts that published Applix TM1, a multi-dimensional online analytical processing (MOLAP) database server, and related presentation tools, including Applix Web and Applix Executive Viewer. Together, Applix TM1, Applix Web and Applix Executive Viewer were the three core components of the Applix Business Analytics Platform. (Executive Viewer was subsequently discontinued by IBM.)
On October 25, 2007, Applix was acquired by Cognos. Cognos rebranded all Applix products under its name following the acquisition. On January 31, 2008, Cognos was itself acquired by IBM.
Prior to OLAP industry consolidation in 2007, Applix was the purest OLAP vendor among publicly traded independent business intelligence vendors, and had the greatest growth rate. TM1 is now marketed as IBM Cognos TM1; version 10.2 became publicly available on September 13, 2013.
Products and technology
Applix TM1 is enterprise planning software used for collaborative planning, budgeting and forecasting, as well as analytical and reporting applications. Data in TM1 is stored and represented as multidimensional cubes, with data being stored at the "leaf" level. Computations on the leaf data are performed in real-time (for example, to aggregate numbers up a dimensional hierarchy). IBM Cognos TM1 also includes a data orchestration environment for accessing external data and systems, as well as capabilities designed for common business planning and budgeting requirements (e.g. workflow, top-down adjustments).
See also
Applixware
References
External links
IBM Cognos TM1 Web Site
Companies established in 1983
Companies disestablished in 2007
Defunct companies based in Massachusetts
Defunct software companies of the United States
Online analytical processing
1983 establishments in Massachusetts
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keolis
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Keolis is a multinational transportation company that operates public transport systems. It manages bus, rapid transit, tram, coach networks, rental bikes, car parks, water taxi, cable car, trolleybus, and funicular services. Based in Paris, France, the company is 70% owned by SNCF and 30% owned by the Caisse de dépôt et placement du Québec.
Keolis operates a number of networks in France (Transports Bordeaux Métropole in Bordeaux, the Lyon public transport on behalf of SYTRAL, the public transport service for the Greater Rennes area since 1998, Transpole in Lille, and the entire mobility chain in Dijon). Internationally, it manages buses in several cities in Sweden, central and eastern regions of the Netherlands, and in the United States. It also manages various rail networks internationally, such as the commuter trains in Boston, the Hyderabad Metro, the Melbourne tramway, the Docklands Light Railway in London, the Pujiang line (Shanghai Metro), the Nottingham tramway, and the Manchester tramway.
History
Origins
Keolis was formed from several former companies:
Société des transports automobiles, which was created in 1908, and its subsidiary Société générale des transports départementaux
Lesexel, an electricity company created in 1911 to support the development of tramways
Société de transports routiers de voyageurs (STRV), a subsidiary of and later SNCF, which was renamed in 1988 during its merger with STV
These companies underwent a series of reorganizations, mergers and acquisitions, which resulted in two companies: , focused primarily on urban transport, and Cariane, specialized in interurban public transport.
Creation and development in the 2000s
In 1999, SNCF became the leading shareholder in VIA-GTI, which merged with Cariane in 2001 to become Keolis.
In 2005, through its stake in GoVia, Keolis became co-owner of the South Eastern rail franchise in the United Kingdom.
In 2006, Keolis won the franchise for Hellweg Net in Germany and later on for Maas-Rhein-Lippe Net and Teutoburger-Wald Net in Deutschland and Nederland. In 2007, Keolis acquired City-Trafic in Denmark.
In 2008, Keolis took control of Eurobus Holding in Belgium. In 2009, Keolis set up operations in Melbourne, Washington, D.C., Bergen and Bordeaux.
In 2010, EFFIA (car parks company) became a Keolis subsidiary.
Since 2010
In 2012, Keolis acquired 100% of Syntus in the Netherlands and Orléans Express in Canada. The company also set up operations in Hyderabad, India. In 2013, Keolis won part of the Las Vegas urban network. In 2014, Keolis won a 30-year public-private partnership contract to maintain and operate the Ion rapid transit in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
In the same year, Keolis won the operations and maintenance contract for Metrolink, the United Kingdom's largest tramway network, in Manchester, and was also selected by Foothill Transit to operate and maintain the Municipal Transit Network for the Eastern San Gabriel Valley of Los Angeles County .
The compan
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wish%20Me%20Luck
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Wish Me Luck is a British television drama about the exploits of British women undercover agents during the Second World War. The series was made by London Weekend Television for the ITV network between 17 January 1988 and 25 February 1990 and created by Lavinia Warner and Jill Hyem, who had previously produced and written the BBC women prisoner of war series Tenko. The series was filmed on location in England and France.
Wish Me Luck is similar to Tenko and the 1970s BBC drama Secret Army, in that it deals with strong female characters coping under extreme conditions in wartime. The organisation for which the series' women agents worked, the Outfit, was based on the real-life Special Operations Executive. Season 1 and 2 were based on the exploits of SOE agent Nancy Wake and much of the dialogue was copied from her autobiography The White Mouse.
The series also addressed social issues and divisions under wartime conditions. A great deal of attention was also paid to creating the social context of the operatives, the drama of their work, against the backdrop of an intensely detailed local "colour" in both wartime Britain and France.
"Wish Me Luck (as You Wave Me Goodbye)" is a song made popular during the Second World War by Gracie Fields.
Principal cast and crew
The first series centered around the exploits of two recruits:
Liz Grainger/Celeste — Kate Buffery
Matty Firman/Aimee — Suzanna Hamilton
Also starring:
Jane Asher — Faith Ashley
Julian Glover — Colonel Cadogan
Michael J. Jackson — Kit Vanston/Gregoire
Jeremy Northam — Colin Beale/Cyrano
Shelagh McLeod — Claudine de Valois
Warren Clarke — Colonel Werner Krieger
Lynn Farleigh — Vivien Ashton/Solange
Catherine Schell — Virginia Mitchell/Dominique
Jeremy Nicholas — Lewis Lake/Antoine
Mark Anstee — Luc Ferrier
Trevyn McDowell — Yvette
The third and final series, which was based on the 1944 Vercors rebellion, saw Jane Snowden joined by Catherine Schell, Jeremy Nicholas and, in one of her first television roles, Shirley Henderson. Running the 'Outfit' back in London were Jane Asher and Julian Glover. Other key characters were played by Terrence Hardiman, Jeremy Northam, Stuart McGugan, Felicity Montagu, Mark Anstee, Trevor Peacock and Nigel Le Vaillant.
There were 23 episodes in all. The first series was directed by Gordon Flemyng, the second and third series by Bill Hays.
Plot
Series 1
Episode 1 opens with Liz Grainger, codename Celeste (Buffery) apparently undergoing violent German interrogation.
It transpires that this is part of her training for 'The Outfit', a secret organisation run by Colonel James 'Cad'
Cadogan (Glover) and Faith Ashley (Asher), who are now recruiting civilians to boost their numbers. The rest of the
episode combines scenes of Liz's training to go to France as an undercover agent - and that of fellow recruit Mathilde (Matty) Firman, codename Aimee (Hamilton) - with flashbacks showing how they came to be recruited. Matty is a factory worker from
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rewind%20%28Hexstatic%20album%29
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Rewind is the debut album by Hexstatic, released on Ntone (sister label to Ninja Tune) in March 2000. The album cover features a 1980 home computer, the Sinclair ZX80.
Track listing
"Rewind Intro"
"Communication Break-Down"
"Deadly Media"
"Ninja Tune"
"Kids Can Dance"
"Robopop"
"Vector"
"The Horn"
"Auto"
"Machine Toy"
"Bass Invader"
The vinyl version of the album contains two additional tracks:
"Timber" (Hardwood Mix)
"Robopop" (Cyclon Attack Mix)
References
Hexstatic albums
2000 debut albums
Ntone albums
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DATAR
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DATAR, short for Digital Automated Tracking and Resolving, was a pioneering computerized battlefield information system. DATAR combined the data from all of the sensors in a naval task force into a single "overall view" that was then transmitted back to all of the ships and displayed on plan-position indicators similar to radar displays. Commanders could then see information from everywhere, not just their own ship's sensors.
Development of the DATAR system was spurred by the Royal Navy's work on the Comprehensive Display System (CDS), which Canadian engineers were familiar with. The project was started by the Royal Canadian Navy in partnership with Ferranti Canada (later known as Ferranti-Packard) in 1949. They were aware of CDS and a US Navy project along similar lines but believed their solution was so superior that they would eventually be able to develop the system on behalf of all three forces. They also believed sales were possible to the Royal Canadian Air Force and US Air Force for continental air control.
A demonstration carried out in the fall of 1953 was by most measures an unqualified success, to the point where some observers thought it was being faked. By this time the US Air Force was well into development of their SAGE system and the RCAF decided that commonality with that force was more important than commonality with their own Navy. The Royal Navy computerized their CDS in the new Action Data Automation system, and the US Navy decided on a somewhat simpler system, the Naval Tactical Data System. No orders for DATAR were forthcoming.
When one of the two computers was destroyed by fire, the company was unable to raise funds for a replacement, and the project ended. The circuitry design used in the system would be applied to several other Ferranti machines over the next few years.
History
Canadian Navy during the War
At the Atlantic Convoy Conference of 1943, Canada was given shared control of all convoys running between the British Isles and North America. At the time, it was a role of unprecedented importance because it gave Canada a key command role over the United States. After the war, Canada sought to protect its role as the Western Alliance's anti-submarine and escort navy. In order to do so, they would need to invest in an ambitious naval research agenda.
Early research
In 1948, the Canadian Defence Research Board sent a letter to various Canadian electronics firms informing them of their intention to start a number of projects that would partner the military, academia and private companies. A copy of the letter was sent to Ferranti Canada, then a small distributor of Ferranti's United Kingdom electrical equipment. The letter was forwarded to the then-CEO of Ferranti in the UK, Vincent Ziani de Ferranti, who became excited at the prospect of enlarging their Canadian operations largely funded by the government. At a meeting in October 1948 de Ferranti was disappointed to learn that while the DRB was equally excited, t
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvation%20Army%20Team%20Emergency%20Radio%20Network
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The Salvation Army Team Emergency Radio Network (SATERN) is a network of volunteer amateur radio operators based in North America. It works to provide emergency communications between Salvation Army posts during times of disaster, and to pass messages with health and welfare information between the Salvation Army and the general public.
In the 1950s, the Salvation Army ran the Salvationist Amateur Radio Operators Fellowship. By 1958 SAROF members were providing help in communications during emergencies. The group continued until 2016.
In the 1980s, several SAROF members discussed how to make this assistance more formal. SATERN was officially founded on June 25, 1988, with its first real test coming three months later during Hurricane Gilbert.
SATERN is open is open to amateur radio operators of all license classes, and of any (or no) religious faith. SATERN routinely operates on VHF and HF ham bands but may operate any mode on any amateur radio frequency during an event.
During the Northeast blackout of 2003 the group was active in Upstate New York as well as the Salvation Army headquarters in Manhattan.
When an F-5 Tornado hit Joplin, Missouri on May 5, 2011, the SATERN units were activated. They provided communications and helped with the distribution of water, ice, personnel items, food, and medical care. Food trucks were dispatched to many affected areas to provide meals to victims and emergency workers and law enforcement and assistance was given to victims that would show up. The distribution network also facilitated providing clothing and shelter for many people. The Salvation Army was providing the shelter and in-house eating facilities.
In June 2022, SATERN launched an international SSB Net on 14.325MHz, with Hurricane Watch Net. A second SATERN group (Strategic Auxiliary Team Emergency Readiness Net) will use 14.265MHz. The two groups are not related, although both have worked with Lee Glassman at one time.
SATERN has expanded overseas, with operators based in Australia, Bermuda, Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, Central and South America, Europe, the Middle East and New Zealand.
See also
Amateur Radio Emergency Service
Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service
References
External links
SATERN
Salvation Army Disaster Services (US) website
Salvation Army Emergency Disaster Services (NC, US) website
Amateur radio emergency communications organizations
The Salvation Army
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal%20Aspects%20of%20Computing
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Formal Aspects of Computing (FAOC) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Springer Science+Business Media, covering the area of formal methods and associated topics in computer science. The editor-in-chief is Jim Woodcock. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2010 impact factor of 1.170.
Until 2021, the journal was published by Springer. It is now published by ACM.
See also
Acta Informatica
Innovations in Systems and Software Engineering
References
External links
Academic journals established in 1989
Computer science journals
Formal methods publications
British Computer Society
Springer Science+Business Media academic journals
Quarterly journals
English-language journals
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherry%20AG
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Cherry AG (formerly Cherry Corporation and stylized as CHERRY) is a German computer peripheral-device maker. The company has its roots in the United States and is headquartered in Germany. It has additional offices in the United States, France, and China. They manufactured a large range of products including sensors, vibrators and automotive modules until 2008, when Peter Cherry, the son of Walter L. Cherry, sold his company to ZF Friedrichshafen AG, a German supplier to the automotive industry. Cherry was renamed ZF Electronics GmbH, while the Cherry brand was continued only for its computer input devices. Since the beginning of 2016 this product line has been operating independently on the market as the Cherry Group.
History
Cherry was founded by Walter Cherry in 1953 in the basement of a restaurant in Highland Park, Illinois, USA. With the passing of its founder, his son Peter took over the ownership of the organization. The company's headquarters were moved to Auerbach in der Oberpfalz, West Germany in 1979. Cherry has manufactured keyboards since 1973, and claims to be the oldest keyboard manufacturer still in business.
In 2008, Cherry was bought by ZF Friedrichshafen AG and incorporated as the ZF Electronics GmbH Corporate Division. After an eight-year partnership with ZF Friedrichshafen AG, Cherry (the computer input device manufacturer) was sold to GENUI Partners in October 2016. In October 2020, Cherry was acquired by the private equity firm Argand Partners and as of June 2021 is now listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange as C3RY. The Cherry brand continues to be used.
In 2019, the company attracted controversy when it offered a giveaway that excluded female gamers, resulting in a boycott by some users in China. The company argued that it would still give prizes to women, amending the giveaway.
Cherry maintains production facilities in Europe (most notably in Bayreuth, Germany), Asia, and the Americas. All of its products are designed and developed at the company's headquarters in Auerbach in der Oberpfalz. It also has offices in the UK, Italy, France, Hong Kong, India, Mexico, Australia and other locations, with distributors in most major countries.
Products
Among Cherry's widely known products are its line of MX and ML key switches, including red, blue, and brown switches, that have been used in industrial electronics and point of sale environments since their inception in the 1980s, and more recently (~2008) by numerous manufacturers of consumer PC keyboards.
At CES 2017, the company announced an update of its "classic" G80-3000 keyboard, with a noise reduction. The Verge said that the new version "fixed a fatal flaw" with the company's mechanical keyboards – their clicking keyboard noises. According to TechCrunch, Cherry "has long been the de facto standard for mechanical keyboard switches." Three years later, the company launched its first "fully mechanical switch" intended for the "value market," or lower cost keyboards.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP%20tuning
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TCP tuning techniques adjust the network congestion avoidance parameters of Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) connections over high-bandwidth, high-latency networks. Well-tuned networks can perform up to 10 times faster in some cases. However, blindly following instructions without understanding their real consequences can hurt performance as well.
Network and system characteristics
Bandwidth-delay product (BDP)
Bandwidth-delay product (BDP) is a term primarily used in conjunction with TCP to refer to the number of bytes necessary to fill a TCP "path", i.e. it is equal to the maximum number of simultaneous bits in transit between the transmitter and the receiver.
High performance networks have very large BDPs. To give a practical example, two nodes communicating over a geostationary satellite link with a round-trip delay time (or round-trip time, RTT) of 0.5 seconds and a bandwidth of 10 Gbit/s can have up to 0.5×1010 bits, i.e., 5 Gbit = 625 MB of unacknowledged data in flight. Despite having much lower latencies than satellite links, even terrestrial fiber links can have very high BDPs because their link capacity is so large. Operating systems and protocols designed as recently as a few years ago when networks were slower were tuned for BDPs of orders of magnitude smaller, with implications for limited achievable performance.
Buffers
The original TCP configurations supported TCP receive window size buffers of up to 65,535 (64 KiB - 1) bytes, which was adequate for slow links or links with small RTTs. Larger buffers are required by the high performance options described below.
Buffering is used throughout high performance network systems to handle delays in the system. In general, buffer size will need to be scaled proportionally to the amount of data "in flight" at any time. For very high performance applications that are not sensitive to network delays, it is possible to interpose large end to end buffering delays by putting in intermediate data storage points in an end to end system, and then to use automated and scheduled non-real-time data transfers to get the data to their final endpoints.
TCP speed limits
Maximum achievable throughput for a single TCP connection is determined by different factors. One trivial limitation is the maximum bandwidth of the slowest link in the path. But there are also other, less obvious limits for TCP throughput. Bit errors can create a limitation for the connection as well as RTT.
Window size
In computer networking, RWIN (TCP Receive Window) is the amount of data that a computer can accept without acknowledging the sender. If the sender has not received acknowledgement for the first packet it sent, it will stop and wait and if this wait exceeds a certain limit, it may even retransmit. This is how TCP achieves reliable data transmission.
Even if there is no packet loss in the network, windowing can limit throughput. Because TCP transmits data up to the window size before waiting for the acknowle
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-responsibility%20principle
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The single-responsibility principle (SRP) is a computer programming principle that states that "A module should be responsible to one, and only one, actor." The term actor refers to a group (consisting of one or more stakeholders or users) that requires a change in the module.
Robert C. Martin, the originator of the term, expresses the principle as, "A class should have only one reason to change". Because of confusion around the word "reason" he has also clarified saying that the "principle is about people." In some of his talks, he also argues that the principle is, in particular, about roles or actors. For example, while they might be the same person, the role of an accountant is different from a database administrator. Hence, each module should be responsible for each role.
History
The term was introduced by Robert C. Martin in his article "The Principles of OOD" as part of his Principles of Object Oriented Design, made popular by his 2003 book Agile Software Development, Principles, Patterns, and Practices. Martin described it as being based on the principle of cohesion, as described by Tom DeMarco in his book Structured Analysis and System Specification, and Meilir Page-Jones in The Practical Guide to Structured Systems Design. In 2014 Martin published a blog post titled "The Single Responsibility Principle" with a goal to clarify what was meant by the phrase "reason for change."
Example
Martin defines a responsibility as a reason to change, and concludes that a class or module should have one, and only one, reason to be changed (e.g. rewritten).
As an example, consider a module that compiles and prints a report. Imagine such a module can be changed for two reasons. First, the content of the report could change. Second, the format of the report could change. These two things change for different causes. The single-responsibility principle says that these two aspects of the problem are really two separate responsibilities, and should, therefore, be in separate classes or modules. It would be a bad design to couple two things that change for different reasons at different times.
The reason it is important to keep a class focused on a single concern is that it makes the class more robust. Continuing with the foregoing example, if there is a change to the report compilation process, there is a greater danger that the printing code will break if it is part of the same class.
See also
Chain-of-responsibility pattern
Coupling (computer programming)
GRASP (object-oriented design)
Information hiding
SOLID – the "S" in "SOLID" represents the single-responsibility principle
Separation of concerns
References
External links
"The Principles of OOD" by Robert Martin
"The Single Responsibility Principle" by Robert Martin
Software design
Programming principles
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public%20interface
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In computer science, a public interface is the logical point at which independent software entities interact. The entities may interact with each other within a single computer, across a network, or across a variety of other topologies.
It is important that public interfaces will be stable and designed to support future changes, enhancements, and deprecation in order for the interaction to continue.
Design
Guidance
A project must provide additional documents that describe plans and procedures that can be used to evaluate the project’s compliance.
architecture design document.
coding standards document.
software release plan document.
document with a plan for deprecating obsolete interfaces.
The programmer must create fully insulated classes and insulate the public interfaces from compile-time dependencies.
Best practices
Present complete and coherent sets of concepts to the user.
Design interfaces to be statically typed.
Minimize the interface’s dependencies on other interfaces.
Express interfaces in terms of application-level types.
Use assertions only to aid development and integration.
Example
C++ interface
Use protocol classes to define public interfaces.
The characteristics of a protocol class are:
It neither contains nor inherits from classes that contain member data, non-virtual functions, or private (or protected) members of any kind.
It has a non-inline virtual destructor defined with an empty implementation.
All member functions other than the destructor, including inherited functions, are declared pure virtual and left undefined.
Benefits
The benefits of using protocol classes include:
Insulating applications from the external client
Insulating changes that are internal to the interface
Insulating changes to the public interface from changes to the implementation of the interface
Insulation has costs, but these tend to be outweighed by the gains in interoperability and reusability.
Costs:
Going through the implementation pointer
Addition of one level of indirection per access
Addition of the size of the implementation pointer per object to memory requirements
Other information
Various methodologies, such as refactoring, support the determination of interfaces. Refactoring generally applies to the entire software implementation, but is especially helpful in properly flushing out interfaces. There are other approaches defined through the pattern community.
References
Software architecture
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sect%C3%A9ra%20Secure%20Module
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Sectéra is a family of secure voice and data communications products produced by General Dynamics Mission Systems which are approved by the United States National Security Agency. Devices can use either National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) or SCIP to provide Type-1 encryption, with communication levels classified up to Top Secret. The devices are activated with a Personal Identification Number (PIN).
Sectéra Secure Module
The Sectéra Secure Module is a device that can provide encryption of voice and data. It is used in the Sectéra Wireline Terminal for use with PSTN devices and has been incorporated into a slim module to use with a Motorola GSM cell phone. The module is placed between the battery and the body of the phone. The phone may be used as a regular GSM phone when the security module is not activated by the PIN.
Sectéra Edge
Another member of the Sectéra family, Sectéra Edge, is a smart phone that supports voice and data communication, including access to the SIPRNET.
The Sectéra Edge was developed by General Dynamics competing against a product by L-3 under an $18 million contract from the National Security Agency.
It was reported in 2009 that the Sectéra Edge could possibly replace President Barack Obama's BlackBerry in providing him with secure communications. But instead of the Sectéra Edge, a standard BlackBerry device was secured with the SecurVoice encryption software.
The Sectéra Edge was discontinued in 2015.
References
External links
Product Details – Sectéra
Encryption devices
General Dynamics Mission Systems
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WNLO%20%28TV%29
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WNLO (channel 23) is a television station in Buffalo, New York, United States, serving as the local CW network outlet. It is owned and operated by network majority owner Nexstar Media Group alongside CBS affiliate WIVB-TV (channel 4). WNLO and WIVB-TV share studios on Elmwood Avenue in North Buffalo; through a channel sharing agreement, the two stations transmit using WNLO's spectrum from a tower in Colden, New York.
History
As a PBS member station (1987–2001)
The station signed on the air as WNEQ-TV on May 13, 1987, and was the second public television outlet serving the Buffalo market. It was operated under an educational license and was sister station to WNED-TV (channel 17), which had a commercial license but operated as an educational station (WNED-TV operated on channel 17 because of the donation of equipment to it by WBUF-TV, a defunct commercial station). The analog UHF channel 23 allocation was originally intended to be part of a plan for a statewide public television network (the concept of which would much later become ThinkBright) that would have seen a signature tower housing transmitters for channel 23 as well as WBFO (88.7 FM) on the University at Buffalo's Amherst Campus. Studios were to be located there as well during development of the futuristic "New U.B." complex in the 1970s. Budget constraints curbed the plan and years of tension between the university and WNED-TV board members ended allowing the station to go forward with its plans for the UHF channel.
WNEQ-TV's broadcast day began daily at 4 p.m. and it usually aired between six and seven hours of programming per day. In 1992, many cable providers in Hamilton and Niagara began carrying WNEQ-TV, displacing long-standing WQLN from Erie, Pennsylvania, in the process. In fall 1998, most of the cable providers in those regions started to remove WNEQ as they were struggling with limited channel capacity and because it had a limited daily program schedule. One year later, Rogers Cable began carrying WNEQ on its digital tier for customers in the Greater Toronto Area.
The Buffalo market was unable to support two public stations, and both WNEQ-TV and WNED-TV struggled financially. As a result, the educational foundation put WNEQ-TV up for sale. LIN TV (owner of CBS affiliate WIVB-TV) wanted to buy WNEQ-TV and run it as a commercial station. However, that was problematic because WNEQ-TV was operating under an educational license. One solution was for LIN to instead purchase WNED-TV (which already had a commercial license), resulting in WNEQ-TV becoming the area's primary PBS station. This solution was also rejected, since UHF channel 17 had long been established as a PBS station and a move to channel 23 might cause confusion among viewers, potentially reducing the amount of donations that the viewer-supported station would receive.
In 2000, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) agreed to reassign channel 23 to a commercial license and assigned channel 17 an educational lic
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ReserVec
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ReserVec was a computerized reservation system developed by Ferranti Canada for Trans-Canada Airlines (TCA, today's Air Canada) in the late 1950s. It appears to be the first such system ever developed, predating the more famous SABRE system in the United States by about two years. Although Ferranti had high hopes that the system would be used by other airlines, no further sales were forthcoming and development of the system ended. Major portions of the transistor-based circuit design were put to good use in the Ferranti-Packard 6000 computer, which would later go on to see major sales in Europe as the ICT 1904.
Background
In the early 1950s the airline industry was undergoing explosive growth. A serious limiting factor was the time taken to make a single booking, which could take upwards of 90 minutes in total. TCA found their bookings typically involved between three and seven calls to the centralized booking centre in Toronto, where telephone operators would scan flight status displayed on a huge board showing all scheduled flights one month into the future. Bookings past that time could not be made, nor could an agent reliably know anything other than if the flight was full or not – to book two seats was much more complex, requiring the operator to find the "flight card" for that flight in a filing cabinet.
In 1946 American Airlines decided to tackle this problem through automation, introducing the Reservisor, a simple electromechanical computer based on telephone switching systems. Newer versions of the Reservisor included magnetic drum systems for storing flight information further into the future. The ultimate version of the system, the Magnetronic Reservisor, was installed in 1956 and could store data for 2,000 flights a day up to one month into the future. Reservisors were later sold to a number of airlines, as well as Sheraton for hotel bookings, and Goodyear for inventory control.
TCA experiments
TCA was aware of the Reservisor, but was unimpressed by its limited capabilities in terms of information it could store, and even more by the failure rate, which was essentially "constant". Nor did the Reservisor really change the way the reservations system worked; ticket agents still had to call central booking and talk (typically through an intermediary) to a Reservisor operator to answer queries.
TCA asked one of their communications engineers, Lyman Richardson, to study the booking problem, and he quickly came to the opinion that a computerized solution was the only one worth studying. TCA then entered into an agreement to build a prototype system on the University of Toronto's FERUT computer, a surplus Manchester Mark 1 computer they had received in 1952 when the UK's nuclear weapons laboratories had to abandon it after budget cuts.
The FERUT-based system was demonstrated in 1953 and was a qualified success; while the programmed logic and data storage/retrieval worked well, input/output was a serious bottleneck that seemed to make th
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonight%20at%20the%20London%20Palladium
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Tonight at the London Palladium is a British television variety show that is hosted from the London Palladium theatre in the West End. Originally produced by ATV for the ITV network from 1955 to 1969, it went by its original name Sunday Night at the London Palladium from 25 September 1955 until the name was changed to The London Palladium Show from 1966 to 2 February 1969.
It underwent three revivals, first from 28 October 1973 to 28 October 1974 where it retained its Sunday Night at the London Palladium title, second in 2000 under the title Tonight at the London Palladium, and third from 2014 until 2015 under the title Sunday Night at the Palladium, dropping London. From 2016, the show is called Tonight at the London Palladium and is presented by Bradley Walsh.
A one-off Sunday Night at the London Palladium was screened to mark Bruce Forsyth's 70th birthday in February 1998.
History
The regular hosts of the show were Tommy Trinder (1955–1958), Bruce Forsyth (1958–1960 and 1961–1964), Don Arrol (1960–1961), Norman Vaughan (1962–1965, 1974), Jimmy Tarbuck (1965–1967), Jim Dale (1973–1974) and Ted Rogers (1974). Other guest comperes were: Hughie Green, Alfred Marks, Robert Morley, Arthur Haynes, Dickie Henderson, Dave Allen, Des O'Connor, Bob Monkhouse and Roger Moore.
The first ever show was compered by Tommy Trinder with Gracie Fields and Guy Mitchell being the night's big guests. The programme was one of ITV's most watched, reaching its biggest audience in January 1960 while Bruce Forsyth was the host, in an edition featuring Cliff Richard and the Shadows, watched by more than 20 million people.
However, according to the book Television's Greatest Hits written and researched by Paul Gambaccini and Rod Taylor the biggest viewing audience was 9.7 million in 1964 (although this would have been homes, rather than viewers, as this was the way British television viewing figures were recorded at the time). This was on Sunday 19 April when Bruce Forsyth introduced the Bachelors, Hope and Keen and Frank Ifield with the Pamela Devis Dancers.
After the Tiller Girls and the lesser acts in the first part was a game show imported from America, Beat the Clock, the format of which was rather like Bruce Forsyth's later hit in The Generation Game. It featured couples having to perform a trick or stunt, like even changing clothes (previously put on, on top of their ordinary clothes) with each other within a set time. If a couple could complete both stunts, the wife must rearrange words stuck to a magnetic board and people had to "arrange them into a well known phrase or saying" in 30 seconds. If she succeeded, the couple won a major prize. Whenever a bell rang, the couple who played at that time would play a jackpot stunt for a cash bonus worth £100 for each week since the last jackpot win.
The second part of the show was where the big stars shone. It featured many top people over the years including Bill Haley rocking around the clock, Chubby Checker who
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galactic%20Empire%20%281990%20video%20game%29
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Galactic Empire is a 1990 space flight simulator computer game by Tomahawk where the player is conquering the universe, roaming from planet to planet. It has a sequel: A.G.E..
External links
1990 video games
Coktel Vision games
Amiga games
DOS games
Video games developed in France
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZEBRA%20%28computer%29
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The ZEBRA (Zeer Eenvoudige Binaire Reken Automaat translated Very Simple Binary Automatic Calculator) was one of the first computers to be designed in the Netherlands, (the first one was the "ARRA") and one of the first Dutch computers to be commercially available. It was designed by Willem van der Poel of the Netherlands Post, Telegraph and Telephone, and first delivered in 1958. The production run consisted of fifty-five machines, manufactured and marketed by the British company Standard Telephones and Cables, Ltd.
The ZEBRA was a binary, two-address machine with a 33-bit word length. Storage was provided by a magnetic drum memory holding 8K words organised as 256 tracks of 32 instructions; accumulators were also implemented as recirculating drum tracks in a manner similar to that used in the Bendix G-15. Peripherals included paper tape reader and punch, and a teleprinter.
In 1967, six Zebra computers were in use in UK universities and technical colleges.
Programming
Large parts of the code and operating systems for ZEBRA were written by deafblind mathematician Gerrit van der Mey.
In contrast to most processors, the ZEBRA didn't have different types of instructions. Instead, the operation of an instruction was controlled by fifteen bits in the operation field. Also, it didn't have a program counter in the traditional sense.
The ZEBRA instruction word is 33 bits, consisting of a 13-bit drum address, referencing one of the 256 tracks of 32 entries on the memory drum, a five-bit register (or I/O) address, and the 15-bit operation field.
Each bit of the operation field had a distinct meaning and could be used in nearly any combination, leading to many elegant tricks that today might be considered the domain of microprogramming. The operation bits determined things as the sign of the data to be used; if the accumulator was cleared (changing an addition into a load), if a rotation was to be applied, and so on. Also, there was an operation bits that determined if the next instruction would come from register or memory, or the sum of both.
Some bits made an instruction conditional on the accumulator state, as with the Zuse Z22 or Electrologica X1. Multiplication, division, square root, as well as all floating-point operations, were performed by subroutines, using the underlying serial computer ALU primitives add, subtract, shift right, shift left, and increment.
Thanks to a clever design, the multiplication routine needed only one instruction per bit, and the division routine two instructions per bit, so that multiplication and division were relatively fast, with a minimum of hardware.
Programming aids included the Normal Code (assembler), trace utility, a floating-point interpretive system, the Simple Code, the Matrix Interpretive Scheme, and an Algol compiler.
Since a magnetic drum does not support random access, some time is lost waiting for an instruction or piece of data become available. In a poorly written program, the average wait ti
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TWN%20%28disambiguation%29
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TWN may refer to
Tarifverbund Nordwestschweiz, the twn (fare network) in north-western Switzerland
ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 country code assigned to Taiwan, under the designated title of "Taiwan, Province of China"
The Weather Network, a Canadian specialty channel
The name used in certain export markets by Triumph, a German former motorcycle manufacturer.
translatewiki.net, a wiki used to translate software
The White Noise, an American rock band from Los Angeles, California
Town Green railway station, Lancashire, England (National Rail station code TWN)
Tsing Wun stop, a Light Rail stop in Hong Kong (MTR station code TWN)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Conference%20on%20Software%20Engineering
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The International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE), is one of the largest annual software engineering conferences. It has an 'A*' rating in the Rankings of the Computing Research and Education Association of Australasia (CORE) and an 'A1' rating from the Brazilian ministry of education. Furthermore, it is the software engineering conference with the highest Microsoft Academic field rating. The first ICSE conference was in 1975 in Washington DC.
List of Conferences
Past and future ICSE conferences include:
References
External links
Pointers to ICSE conference websites
ICSE Steering Committee Information
Software engineering conferences
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Bonfire%20of%20the%20Manatees
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"The Bonfire of the Manatees" is the first episode of the seventeenth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on September 11, 2005, making it the first Simpsons season premiere to air in September since the eleventh season opened with "Beyond Blunderdome" on September 26, 1999.
The episode was written by Dan Greaney and directed by Mark Kirkland. In its original broadcast, it was watched by around eleven million viewers.
Plot
Homer gets into trouble with the local mob over football gambling debts. As compensation, Fat Tony wants to use the Simpson home for shooting the adult film Lemony Lick-It's A Series of Horny Events, with the participation of Carl and Lenny. Homer gets Marge and the kids to leave the house by sending them off to "Santa's Village". Marge and the kids return home to find the production is still underway. Marge, outraged by Homer's latest bit of idiocy, leaves. Homer, home alone with the kids, tries to figure out what to do next.
Just as Marge is about ready to reconcile with Homer (though she flatly expresses that she is not interested in his gift of Kwik-E-Mart chocolates, half of which have test bites), she encounters Dr. Caleb Thorn, a good-looking scientist with a passion for saving the endangered manatee. Homer and the kids go on a quest to find Marge, and they stop and stay with their "country cousins" (their dog is Santa's Little Helper's brother). Meanwhile, Marge is finding herself while helping to save manatees. Caleb helps Marge realize that Homer is still the man she fell in love with, and the problem is that she still expects him to change.
Homer decides to win Marge back by saving a herd of manatees from a gang of abusing jet skiers. The gang initially agreed to leave, but return after hearing Homer calling them 'rubes'. He attempts to organize the manatees to battle the gang, but they all flee. However, the gang is dispersed when Homer's country cousin shows up with a notarized court order to have all jet skiers vacate the waters at once. Despite Homer's failure, Marge is impressed by his efforts to save the manatees and declares she is taking home "the real endangered species": "a devoted husband". The family decides to take a mini-vacation, and Homer gets a manatee sent to the power plant to fill in for his job for the next few days. When the manatee is about to die of dehydration, Mr. Burns and Smithers help him by washing him like a car, which the manatee actually enjoys.
Production
The idea for the episode was originally pitched on January 16, 2004, during the writers' idea sessions for The Simpsons Movie. Al Jean suggested the idea of the family rescuing manatees, and while it was rejected for the film, it was adapted into the script for the episode.
Cultural references
The title of this episode is a pun on the film The Bonfire of the Vanities (film).
The title of the adult film that is shot in the Simpson household
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life%20Is%20a%20Circus%2C%20Charlie%20Brown
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Life is a Circus, Charlie Brown is the 20th prime-time animated television special based upon the popular comic strip Peanuts, by Charles M. Schulz. It was originally aired on the CBS network on October 24, 1980. The special won an Emmy Award in 1981 for Outstanding Animated Program.
Synopsis
Snoopy is lying on top of his doghouse when he hears music. He follows the music and finds a circus unloading. Among other animals, he sees three poodles, and immediately latches onto the white one (whom the audience later learns is named Fifi). He follows her to the entrance of the big top with his tongue hanging out, and his pupils shaped like hearts, then stops. Polly, the dog's trainer, sees Snoopy and pulls him inside.
The next day, Peppermint Patty calls Charlie Brown to tell him her school gave all students the day off to see the circus. Charlie Brown tells her that his school will be closed as well, and they decide to attend the circus together. At the circus, the children see Snoopy perform as part of a dog act. They all realize it is Snoopy and eventually relish his new career, despite Snoopy's shortcomings, being completely untrained. However, Charlie Brown isn't having any of it, exclaiming Snoopy's career is being his dog. Despite Snoopy making a fool of himself during the performance, Polly's boss tells Polly to include Snoopy in future performances, but is to be given the name Hugo The Great.
Later that night, Charlie Brown realizes Snoopy has not returned. He goes to the circus site in time to see Snoopy enter a boxcar, still following Fifi. The gate of the boxcar slams shut on him, and the circus train pulls away. The next scene involves Snoopy trying to find a good, warm place to fall asleep while the train is in motion. First he tries to lie on the humps of a camel, only to slide off in between both humps each time, then he finds what looks like a bail of hay next to one of the bears, which Snoopy settles into. However, it turns out to be a lion, who wakes up and looks at Snoopy contemptuously. Snoopy wakes up and when he sees the lion looking at him, runs away scared, running over the top of the bear (waking it, but that's all) and ending up stopping when he sees other props on the other side of the car. He decides to lie on top of one box, which turns out to be the saw-a-person-in-half magic trick. He falls into that box and his head and feet appear out the holes in each end.
In the morning, after the circus train arrives at its next call, Polly slowly trains Snoopy to become part of the act. First, he is taught to ride a unicycle first on the ground, then on the high wire. Snoopy also learns to do a backflip, and his performance in the next show is an improvement.
Meanwhile, back home, Lucy has decided to board up the doorway of Snoopy's doghouse and place a sign on it which reads "Premises Condemned". Charlie Brown also recounts to Linus the story of why his parents gave him a pet dog. (This story was also told in the film Snoop
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%27s%20an%20Adventure%2C%20Charlie%20Brown
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It's an Adventure, Charlie Brown is the 25th prime-time animated television special based upon the popular comic strip Peanuts, by Charles M. Schulz. It was originally aired on the CBS network on May 16, 1983. It, along with 1982's A Charlie Brown Celebration, inspired the Saturday Morning series The Charlie Brown and Snoopy Show.
Format
The special is a compilation consisting of eight individual stories adapted from the stories in the comic strip:
Sack: Charlie Brown is having hallucinations as a result of a rash on the back of his head resembling the stitchings of a baseball, most notably seeing the rising sun as a baseball. After consulting with his doctor, he goes to camp in an attempt to get over his hallucinations. To hide his rash, he puts a paper bag over his head. Charlie Brown's fellow campers begin calling him "Sack" and elect him as camp president, constantly professing their respect and admiration for him. When he removes his sack the next morning, however, he becomes unpopular again. Charlie Brown watches the sun rise, fearing that it will appear as a rising baseball. Instead, the sun is replaced with Alfred E. Newman, the mascot of Mad Magazine.
Caddies: Peppermint Patty and Marcie become golf caddies. They are forced to deal with an obnoxious supervisor and a pair of female golfers whose bickering degenerates into violence. Fed up with their duties, they quit the job, but not before making $1.
Kite: Charlie Brown, sick of the Kite Eating Tree, bites it as retaliation for eating his kites. Shortly after, he receives a letter from the Environmental Protection Agency threatening action against him. To evade the EPA, Charlie Brown runs away from home. He wanders into a strange neighborhood and accepts a job offer to coach a younger baseball team, even though this requires that he sleep in a cardboard box at night. Charlie Brown gains the respect and admiration of his players despite their incompetence. He discovers that his new team's first game is against his old team. Charlie Brown's old teammates inform him that he can come home, as the Kite Eating Tree was blown over in a storm, thus clearing his name.
Song: Lucy comes to Schroeder's house, annoying him while he tries to play many pieces.
Sally: Sally tells jokes in class. (This story was added as part of The Charlie Brown and Snoopy Show.)
Butterfly: Peppermint Patty falls asleep with a butterfly resting on her nose, and Marcie fools her into believing it turned into an angel. Peppermint Patty attempts to contact religious leaders to share her story but is unsuccessful.
Blanket: Lucy attempts to get rid of Linus's blanket twice: first by burying it and later by turning it into a kite and letting it go. When separated from his blanket, Linus has a panic attack and is desperate to find it. Thankfully, Snoopy goes to great lengths to get his blanket back for him both times.
Woodstock: Woodstock performs many of his antics in front of Snoopy, who is taking an afternoon nap
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Happy%20Birthday%2C%20Charlie%20Brown
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Happy Birthday, Charlie Brown is a prime-time animated TV special based upon the comic strip Peanuts, by Charles M. Schulz. It was originally aired on the CBS network on January 5, 1979.
This episode celebrated the 30th anniversary of the Peanuts comic strip and the 15th anniversary of animated Peanuts specials on CBS, which both took place the following year, in 1980. It included an interview with Charles M. Schulz. Phyllis George hosted.
Voice actors
Arrin Skelley: Charlie Brown
Daniel Anderson: Linus Van Pelt
Annalisa Bartolin: Sally Brown
Bill Melendez: Snoopy & Woodstock
Michelle Muller: Lucy Van Pelt
Ronald Hendrix: Franklin
Laura Planting: Peppermint Patty
Casey Carlson: Marcie
Don Potter: Snoopy (singing voice)
Credits
Written, Produced and Directed by: Lee Mendelson
Animation by: Bill Melendez Productions
Animation Directors: Bill Melendez, Phil Roman
Cinematographers: David Crommie, Chuck Barbee, Stewart Barbee
Associate Producers: Martha Grace, Paul Preuss, Ron Nelson
Unit Production Manager/1st Assistant Director: Larry Sturhahn
Production Staff: Pat LaFortune, Margaret Howard
Editors: Paul Preuss, Chuck McCann
Sound Recordists: John Barbee, Nelson Stoll
Sound Recording/Mix: Producers' Sound Service - Hollywood
Camera Assistants: Elizabeth Barbee, Randall Love, George Stephenson, Joseph Ward
Production Coordinator: Glenn Mendelson
Assistant Editor: Michael Rosenthal
Voice Recording: Coast Recorders - San Francisco, California
"The Big Bow Wow" and "Suppertime" Sung by: Don Potter
"Happiness Is..." Sung by: Becky Reardon, Larry Finlayson
Hair Stylist: Barbara Lorenz
Makeup: Lona Mardock
Gaffer: Jeffrey Gilliam
Electrician: Leo Loverro
Props: John Durr
A Lee Mendelson Production
in association with Charles M. Schulz Creative Associates and Bill Melendez Productions
© Copyright 1978 by United Feature Syndicate, Inc.
References
External links
Peanuts television documentaries
Television shows directed by Phil Roman
1970s American television specials
1970s American animated films
CBS original programming
1979 television specials
1979 in American television
CBS television specials
1970s animated television specials
1979 documentary films
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shawn%20Carpenter
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Shawn R. Carpenter is a cyber security analyst and whistleblower (previously employed by Sandia National Laboratories) who tracked down a Chinese cyberespionage ring that is code-named Titan Rain by the FBI. He came to national attention when his story was reported on in the September 5, 2005 issue of Time magazine.
Early life
Carpenter served in the United States Navy for six years.
Titan Rain
Initial discovery
Carpenter was an employee of Sandia National Laboratories, investigating security breaches in its networks. However, upon tracking several breaches of Sandia, Lockheed Martin Corporation, Redstone Arsenal, and even NASA, dating back to 2003, Carpenter noticed patterns that began to appear to link the attacks to a single group. He was impressed by the meticulous, voracious, and swift manner (sometimes completed in less than 30 minutes) in which the hackers operated. Such observations led him to alert the federal government of his findings.
The Titan Rain hacking operation was first reported in an August 25, 2005 Washington Post article by Bradley Graham, which didn't mention Carpenter. Graham listed anonymous government officials as his sources.
Carpenter terminated by Sandia after refusing to drop issue
After informing his supervisors of the breaches, he was told that his only concern should be Sandia computers and to drop the issue. His employment was later terminated when Carpenter disobeyed his management and communicated the information about the security breaches first to United States Army Cyber Counterintelligence Special Agents. They verified his report and later brought in the FBI. The FBI requested a Senior DAC Counterintelligence agent known in the counterintelligence community by the nickname "Doc" to handle Carpenter and lead the operation on behalf of the FBI. For almost half a year, Carpenter was a confidential informant for the FBI before Sandia discovered his actions. Carpenter reportedly felt betrayed by the termination, as he viewed his actions as a service to his country, similar to his previous military service.
According to Carpenter, during his termination hearing at Sandia, Bruce Held, Sandia's chief of counterintelligence, yelled,"[you're] lucky you have such understanding management... if you worked for me, I would decapitate you! There would at least be blood all over the office!" During the subsequent court case, Held testified that he did use the word "decapitate" and, while he did not recall using the word "blood," would not contest it. He also apologized.
Carpenter sues Sandia
Carpenter sued Sandia National Laboratories for wrongful termination and defamation; a jury awarded him almost $4.7 million in compensatory and punitive damages on February 13, 2007. The jury more than doubled the punitive damages requested by Carpenter's attorneys Thad Guyer, Stephani Ayers, and Philip Davis. The 13-person New Mexico state district court jury determined that Sandia's handling of Shawn Carpenter's termination wa
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Is%20This%20Goodbye%2C%20Charlie%20Brown%3F
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Is This Goodbye, Charlie Brown? is the 24th prime-time animated television special based upon the comic strip Peanuts, by Charles M. Schulz. It was originally aired on the CBS network on February 21, 1983. In the special, Charlie Brown tries to cope with learning that Linus and Lucy are moving away. The special is adapted from a storyline from the comic strip that lasted from May 9 to May 21, 1966.
Plot
This special begins when Linus calls the Brown house, and Sally picks up. She gets very excited that her Sweet Babboo is on the other line. He declines that he is that, and tries to ask if Charlie Brown is home, but while he is doing so, she asks if he called to ask her to a movie. He gets furious, and yells at her, saying, he won't be taking her to a movie, and wants to talk to her brother. She misinterprets that, and tells him she will be waiting outside for him to pick her up. She gives the phone to Charlie Brown.
Linus tells Charlie Brown he has something important to tell him and that he will be over right away. When he arrives, he tells Charlie Brown they will have to move, due to his father's job transfer. He is shocked to hear this.
Lucy then goes to Schroeder to tell him the same thing Linus told Charlie Brown, and gives him a picture of her so he will always remember her. He says "But what if I want to forget you, and turn it around?" She does this, and Schroeder panics that it is double-sided.
Charlie Brown then sadly watches the "Sam's Moving" movers take the Van Pelts' things, and load it into their trucks. He then goes to Lucy's psychiatry booth, and tells her he will be miserable without Linus. She yells at him, and reminds him that she is also leaving. She shows him the booth's new owner Snoopy, who has changed its cost on the sign from 5 cents to 50 cents (presumably more than Charlie Brown's allowance). Linus tells Charlie Brown that he is playing his last baseball game with him later on.
Lucy then walks over to the Brown house, and finds Sally waiting out in front, saying she is waiting for Linus to take her to the movie. Lucy tells her that they are moving, so he won't pick her up, but she doesn't believe this.
Linus then invites Charlie Brown to his and Lucy's going away party. He asks Sally if she wants to come, but she insists that Linus is going to pick her up and take her to a movie. The van Pelts' going away party is catered by Snoopy, who feeds everyone dog biscuits, and dog food with water causing everyone to leave disgusted.
The next day, Linus and Lucy say their sad goodbyes to Charlie Brown. As they are pulling out, Linus throws Snoopy his security blanket, as a way to remember him. After the van Pelts leave, Charlie Brown sadly walks home. When Charlie Brown gets home, Sally is sitting on the porch, still waiting for Linus to take her to a movie. Charlie Brown tells her that he and his family moved away. She angrily walks inside. Then, Schroeder comes by to ask where Lucy is, and Charlie Brown tells him th
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetworkManager
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NetworkManager is a daemon that sits on top of libudev and other Linux kernel interfaces (and a couple of other daemons) and provides a high-level interface for the configuration of the network interfaces.
Rationale
NetworkManager is a software utility that aims to simplify the use of computer networks.
NetworkManager is available for Linux kernel-based and other Unix-like operating systems.
How it works
To connect computers with each other, various communications protocols have been developed, e.g. IEEE 802.3 (Ethernet), IEEE 802.11 ("wireless"), IEEE 802.15.1 (Bluetooth), PPPoE, PPPoA, and many many more. Each participating computer must have the suitable hardware, e.g. network card or wireless network card and this hardware must be configured accordingly to be able to establish a connection.
In case of a monolithic kernel all the device drivers are part of it. The hardware is accessed (and also configured) through its device driver. In case of Linux, the kernel presents for each device driver a representation in form of a device file. All device files are found in the /dev directory, and traditionally the device files for Ethernet hardware have been named eth0, eth1, etc. Since systemd, they are named differently: enp4s0, etc. (This abstraction is called the everything is a file concept.)
Anything in user-space accesses the hardware through its device file. The configuration utility to configure the hardware, and programs like the web browser/SSH/NTP-client/etc. to send and receive network packets.
Configuration of network interfaces without NetworkManager
On Linux and all Unix-like operating systems, the utilities ifconfig and the newer ip (from the iproute2-bundle) are used to configure IEEE 802.3 and IEEE 802.11 hardware. These utilities configure the kernel directly and the configuration is applied immediately. After boot-up, the user is required to configure them again.
To apply the same static configuration after each boot-up, the PID1-programs are used: System V init executes shell scripts and binary programs, systemd parses its own conf-files (and executes programs). The boot-up configuration for network interfaces is stored in /etc/network/interfaces for Debian Linux distributions and its derivatives or ifcfg files in /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ for Fedora and its derivatives, and DNS-servers in /etc/resolv.conf. /etc/network/interfaces or /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-* can define a static IP-address or dhclient to be used, and all kinds of VPN can be configured here as well.
In case the configuration has to be changed, DHCP-protocol goes a long way to do so automatically, without the user even noticing.
Configuration of network interfaces with NetworkManager
NetworkManager is accessible via dbus.
Configuration is stored in /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf
But as we've transitioned from physically large servers to more portable hosts that may be plugged and unplugged (or moved from WiFi hotspot to WiFi h
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snoopy%27s%20Getting%20Married%2C%20Charlie%20Brown
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Snoopy's Getting Married, Charlie Brown is the 28th prime-time animated television special based on the comic strip Peanuts by Charles M. Schulz. It was originally aired on the CBS network on March 20, 1985.
Plot
Snoopy is performing guard duty for Peppermint Patty, but gets sidetracked when he meets a beautiful poodle named Fifi (called Genevieve in this special). Soon after, Snoopy decides to get married, and wants his brother Spike to be the Best Beagle at his wedding, resulting in Spike traveling a long way from Needles, California and trying to earn money by competing in a dog race, only to be disqualified for being a beagle and not a greyhound.
Snoopy is at first excited, but soon grows nervous at the prospect of marriage, acting miserable at his own bachelor party, and even breaking down into tears hours before the wedding. At the ceremony, everything is in order, until it seems Genevieve is late. Lucy soon arrives with news that Genevieve fell in love with a golden retriever and ran off with him, meaning that the wedding is off. Snoopy is heartbroken at first, but soon lightens up at the prospect of remaining a bachelor, and enjoys salad with Woodstock. Spike returns home to his residence, a gigantic hollowed-out cactus with electricity and modern amenities, and the show ends by Spike enjoying part of the wedding cake by himself.
Production
Snoopy's Getting Married, Charlie Brown was based on a comic strip story in 1977 (later published as The Beagle Has Landed). In the original strip, Snoopy's bride-to-be is never seen, and it is Spike that the bride falls for.
Voice actors
Brett Johnson as Charlie Brown
Jeremy Schoenberg as Linus van Pelt
Stacy Ferguson as Sally Brown, Violet
Heather Stoneman as Lucy van Pelt
Gini Holtzman as Peppermint Patty
Keri Houlihan as Marcie
Danny Colby as Schroeder
Dawnn D. Leary as Sally Brown (singing voice)
Bill Melendez as Snoopy, Woodstock, Spike
Home media
Kartes Video Communications released the special on VHS in 1987. In 1989, the special was released on a double feature VHS with You're in Love, Charlie Brown from the same company. On January 9, 1996, Paramount Home Video released the special on a double feature VHS with Life Is a Circus, Charlie Brown. On June 14, 2011, Warner Home Video released the special on DVD for the first time as part of the compilation Happiness is... Peanuts: Snoopy's Adventures. Warner Home Video would release the special again on September 15, 2015 as part of the Peanuts: Emmy Honored Collection DVD.
References
External links
1980s American television specials
1980s animated television specials
1980s American animated films
1985 television specials
1985 in American television
1985 films
CBS television specials
CBS original programming
Television shows directed by Bill Melendez
Peanuts television specials
Television shows written by Charles M. Schulz
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactive%20Connectivity%20Establishment
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Interactive Connectivity Establishment (ICE) is a technique used in computer networking to find ways for two computers to talk to each other as directly as possible in peer-to-peer networking. This is most commonly used for interactive media such as Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), peer-to-peer communications, video, and instant messaging. In such applications, communicating through a central server would be slow and expensive, but direct communication between client applications on the Internet is very tricky due to network address translators (NATs), firewalls, and other network barriers.
ICE is developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force MMUSIC working group and is published as RFC 8445, as of August 2018, and has obsolesced both RFC 5245 and RFC 4091.
Overview
Network address translation (NAT) became an effective technique in delaying the exhaustion of the available address pool of Internet Protocol version 4, which is inherently limited to around four billion unique addresses. NAT gateways track outbound requests from a private network and maintain the state of each established connection to later direct responses from the peer on the public network to the peer in the private network, which would otherwise not be directly addressable.
VoIP, peer-to-peer, and many other applications require address information of communicating peers within the data streams of the connection, rather than only in the Internet Protocol packet headers. For example, the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) communicates the IP address of network clients for registration with a location service, so that telephone calls may be routed to registered clients. ICE provides a framework with which a communicating peer may discover and communicate its public IP address so that it can be reached by other peers.
Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN) is a standardized protocol for such address discovery including NAT classification. Traversal Using Relays around NAT (TURN) places a third-party server to relay messages between two clients when direct media traffic between peers is not allowed by a firewall.
IETF specifications
RFC 5389: Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN).
RFC 8656: Traversal Using Relays around NAT (TURN): Relay Extensions to STUN.
RFC 6544: TCP Candidates with Interactive Connectivity Establishment (ICE)
RFC 8445: Interactive Connectivity Establishment (ICE): A Protocol for Network Address Translator (NAT) Traversal
See also
Realm-Specific IP (RSIP)
Middlebox (Middlebox Communications or MIDCOM)
Universal Plug and Play (UPnP)
NAT Port Mapping Protocol (NAT-PMP)
Port Control Protocol (PCP)
WebRTC
References
External links
IETF Journal article on ICE
MMUSIC working group
BEHAVE working group
PJNATH - Open Source ICE, STUN, and TURN Library
libnice: GLib ICE library
libjuice: Open source UDP ICE library
coturn: Open source implementation of TURN and STUN Server
Networking standards
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