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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount%20%28Unix%29
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In computing, mount is a command in various operating systems. Before a user can access a file on a Unix-like machine, the file system on the device which contains the file needs to be mounted with the mount command. Frequently mount is used for SD card, USB storage, DVD and other removable storage devices. The command is also available in the EFI shell.
Overview
The mount command instructs the operating system that a file system is ready to use, and associates it with a particular point in the overall file system hierarchy (its mount point) and sets options relating to its access. Mounting makes file systems, files, directories, devices and special files available for use and available to the user.
Its counterpart umount instructs the operating system that the file system should be disassociated from its mount point, making it no longer accessible and may be removed from the computer. It is important to umount a device before removing it since changes to files may have only partially been written and are completed as part of the umount.
The mount and umount commands require root user privilege to effect changes. Alternately, specific privileges to perform the corresponding action may have been previously granted by the root user. A file system can be defined as user mountable in the /etc/fstab file by the root user.
Examples
To display all mounted partitions:
$ mount
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext3 (rw)
/tmp on /var/tmp type none (rw,noexec,nosuid,bind)
10.4.0.4:/srv/export/setup_server on /nfs/setup_server type nfs (ro,addr=10.4.0.4)
To mount the second partition of a hard disk drive to the existing directory /media/PHOTOS (mount point):
$ mount /dev/hda2 /media/PHOTOS
To unmount by referring to the physical disk partition:
$ umount /dev/hda2
To unmount by referring to the mount point:
$ umount /media/PHOTOS
To remount a partition with specific options:
$ mount -o remount,rw /dev/hda2
Bind mounting
Bind mounting allows a filesystem hierarchy or a file to be mounted at a different mount point. Unlike a symbolic link, a bind mount does not exist on the filesystem itself. In the following example, the path /olddir will be mounted in /newdir
$ mount --bind /olddir /newdir
Mounting loop devices
A loop device is a device that corresponds to a file, usually a disk image. Mounting a loop device allows the file to be accessed as a filesystem. This allows it to be used as a virtual drive.
For example, a virtual disk image can be mounted as a regular filesystem.
$ mount -o loop my_virtual_disk.img /mnt
Derivatives and wrappers
pmount is a wrapper around the standard mount program which permits normal users to mount removable devices without a matching /etc/fstab entry. This provides a robust basis for automounting frameworks like GNOME's Utopia project and keeps the usage of root to a minimum.
This package also contains a wrapper pmoun
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arutz%20Sheva
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Arutz Sheva (), also known in English as Israel National News, is an Israeli media network identifying with religious Zionism. It offers online news articles in Hebrew, English, and Russian as well as live streaming radio, video and free podcasts. It also publishes a weekly newspaper, B'Sheva, with the third-largest weekend circulation in the country.
History
In the 1970s an offshore radio station Voice of Peace was launched, broadcasting pacifistic messages. In response, Rabbi Zalman Baruch Melamed launched radio station Arutz Sheva in 1988, aimed at Israelis opposed to negotiations with the Palestine Liberation Organization. Based in Beit El, the station generated its broadcast on the Israeli airwaves from the ship MV Eretz HaTzvi in the Mediterranean Sea. It was one of the first Internet radio stations and was used as a beta tester for RealPlayer. From 1996 to 2002, Arutz Sheva broadcast in Russian. In 2003, Arutz Sheva ceased its radio operations after attempts to legalize it were unsuccessful.
In 2020, Reuters reported that Arutz Sheva along with Algemeiner, The Times of Israel and The Jerusalem Post had published op-eds written under a false identity. The supposed author, Oliver Taylor, was an "elaborate fiction".
Legal dispute
In February 1999, the Knesset passed a law granting a license to Arutz Sheva and absolving it of earlier illegal broadcasting, but this was appealed to the Supreme Court of Israel, which ruled the law null and void in March 2002. In October 2003, ten employees of Arutz Sheva were convicted of operating an illegal radio station during the period 1995–98, both from inside Israeli territorial waters and from Beit El. The defendants were fined and sentenced to 3–6 months of community service. The prosecution appealed, attempting to get heavier sentences, but were strongly criticized by the appellate court for their handling of the case, and the prosecution was told to drop the appeal or face an investigation into their conduct during the entire trial. Station director Ya'akov "Katzele" Katz was also convicted on two counts of perjury for having lied about the location of the broadcasts. In 2006, Katz was pardoned by President Moshe Katsav.
Departments
Internet
Arutz Sheva has been running its website since 1995. Editor-in-chief is Uzi Baruch, who succeeded Baruch Gordon and Hillel Fendel. Today, three versions of the site are offered: Hebrew, English and Russian. It includes news articles, news briefs, videos, op-eds, a Judaism section, opinion polls and caricatures. Arutz Sheva offers online streaming videos in Hebrew and English with news anchor and producer Yoni Kempinski, Knesset reporter Hezki Ezra, overseas correspondent Eliran Aharon and others. Arutz Sheva'''s jukebox offers a selection of Jewish music including Israeli, Hassidic and Mizrahi songs, as well as music for Jewish holidays and special events.
Radio
Israel National Radio is Arutz Sheva's English language internet radio station, operating in Beit
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network%20browser
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A network browser is a tool used to browse a computer network. An example of this is My Network Places (or Network Neighborhood in earlier versions of Microsoft Windows). An actual program called Network Browser is offered in Mac OS 9.
See also
Browser service
Computer networking
References
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My%20Network%20Places
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My Network Places (formerly Network Neighborhood) is the network browser feature in Windows Explorer. It was first introduced in Windows 95 and Windows NT 4.0 and was renamed My Network Places in Windows 2000 and later, before being replaced in Windows Vista.
My Network Places maintains an automatically updated history of computers which the user has accessed before, by default placed in a folder called , found in the user's user profile. This default location can be changed by modifying the pair of registry entries found under the registry keys and . The feature also allows enumerating all computers on the local network that support the Server Message Block (SMB) protocol and are open to discovery.
In a workgroup of fewer than 32 computers, the list of network destinations in My Network Places is generated by one of the computers on the network, which has been designated "Browse Master" (sometimes called "master browser"). The Browse Master is elected by system strength. Sometimes when similar systems are connected to a network, there might be a conflict between Browse Masters with unexpected consequences, such as the disappearance of the list altogether or some system becoming unreachable. A system can be forced to decline Browse Master status by disabling the Browser service and rebooting. In a workgroup of 32 computers or more, the shortcuts are created automatically when the user opens a shared network resource, such as a printer or shared folder.
Starting with Windows Vista, My Network Places is removed in favor of an integrated "Network" node in Windows Explorer. This node can only enumerate network computers but can do so via WS-Discovery and UPnP protocols, in addition to SMB.
See also
Special folder
References
External links
SecurityFriday: Hazard of "My Network Places" on Windows XP
Computer Browser and common issues
Browsers
Windows communication and services
File system directories
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network%20Browser
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Network Browser was an application that shipped with Mac OS 9 to allow users to connect to other computers and printers on a network, and access FTP servers, intended to replace the Chooser that shipped with previous versions.
See also
Safari — Apple's current web browser
Mail — Apple's current eMail client
Finder (10.2+) — Apple later integrated FTP functionality into the Finder
Address Book — Apple's system-level address book service
Claris Emailer — Apple's eMail client
Classic Mac OS
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IVT
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IVT may refer to:
In computing
Interrupt vector table, a memory construct in some processors
Intel Virtualization Technology, a computer processor feature to simplify virtualization
Other
Intermediate value theorem, an analysis theorem
Initial value theorem, a mathematical theorem using Laplace transform
Integrated water vapor transport, a meteorological term used in describing atmospheric rivers.
Current, Voltage, Temperature
Infinitely Variable Transmission, a type of continuously variable transmission system for motor vehicles and other applications
Illini Variable Temperature diluent
In Vitro transcription/translation, a molecular biology technique to produce RNA in a tube
Intermittent vacuum therapy, a medical treatment for venous and arterial issues
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomological%20network
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A nomological network (or nomological net) is a representation of the concepts (constructs) of interest in a study, their observable manifestations, and the interrelationships between these. The term "nomological" derives from the Greek, meaning "lawful", or in philosophy of science terms, "law-like". It was Cronbach and Meehl's view of construct validity that in order to provide evidence that a measure has construct validity, a nomological network must be developed for its measure.
The necessary elements of a nomological network are:
At least two constructs;
One or more theoretical propositions, specifying linkages between constructs, for example: "As age increases, memory loss increases".
Correspondence rules, allowing each construct to be measured empirically. Such a rule is said to "operationalize" the construct, as for example in the operationalization: "Age" is measured by asking "how old are you?"
Empirical linkages represent hypotheses before data collection, empirical generalizations after data collection.
Validity evidence based on nomological validity is a general form of construct validity. It is the degree to which a construct behaves as it should within a system of related constructs (the nomological network).
Nomological networks are used in theory development and use a modernist approach.
See also
Consilience
Coherentism
Nomology
References
External links
http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/nomonet.htm
Validity (statistics)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne%20Burrell
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Anne W. Burrell is an American chef, television personality, and former instructor at the Institute of Culinary Education. She is the host of the Food Network show Secrets of a Restaurant Chef and co-host of Worst Cooks in America. She was also one of the Iron Chefs, Mario Batali's sous chefs in the Iron Chef America series and appears on other programs on the network such as The Best Thing I Ever Ate. She was a contestant on the fourth season of The Food Network competition show, The Next Iron Chef Super Chefs being eliminated in episode 6. She was also a contestant on the first season of Chopped All-Stars Tournament, winning the "Food Network Personalities" preliminary round to advance to the final round, where she placed second runner up to Nate Appleman (winner) and Aarón Sanchez. In 2015, Burrell won the fourth installment of the Chopped All-Stars tournament winning $75,000 for the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation. She also hosted the series Chef Wanted with Anne Burrell in 2012–2013.
Early life and education
Burrell was born in Cazenovia, New York. She attended Canisius College in Buffalo and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in English and Communications in 1991.
A year later, Burrell enrolled at the Culinary Institute of America, eventually graduating in 1996 with an Associate in Occupational Studies (A.O.S.). She also studied at the Italian Culinary Institute for Foreigners in Asti in the Piedmont region.
Career
Restaurants
After the ICIF experience, Burrell remained in Italy, working in various restaurants for nine months. She worked at La Bottega del '30, a small restaurant in Tuscany with one seating each night.
Burrell returned to the U.S. as a sous chef at Felidia, owned by celebrity chef Lidia Bastianich. She became the chef at Savoy, a small prix fixe dining room. After Savoy, Burrell began teaching at the Institute of Culinary Education. Lidia Bastianich's son and restaurateur, Joseph Bastianich, and Chef Mario Batali named Burrell the chef for Italian Wine Merchants, their New York wine store. The Batali connection would further propel her career.
She later became the executive chef of Centro Vinoteca, an Italian restaurant in New York City's West Village area which opened in 2007. She left the restaurant in September 2008 due to her busy schedule and many commitments. The departure also meant that she would not start at Gusto Ristorante, as both of the restaurants are part of Mangia Hospitality Group. Burrell planned to open her first restaurant in 2010 in New York City. Burrell opened her restaurant, Phil & Anne's Good Time Lounge, in Brooklyn in spring 2017, though as of April 2018, the restaurant has closed.
Television
In 2005, Iron Chef Mario Batali asked Burrell to serve as one of his sous chefs, along with chef and restaurateur Mark Ladner, for a pilot taping of Food Network's Iron Chef America series. She continued to serve as his sous chef during his tenure with the show.
Burrell's Food Netw
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FDC
|
FDC may refer to:
Organizations
Companies
Food Donation Connection, an American surplus food rescue company
Football DataCo, a British football media company
Forensic DNA Consultants, a South African forensics company
Filinvest, a Philippine real estate conglomerate
First Data, an American financial services company
Government and politics
Congolese Democratic Front, a political party in the Republic of the Congo
Democratic Front of Cabinda (Portuguese: ), a rebel group in Cabinda, Angola
Democratic Front of the Comoros (French: ), a defunct Comoran political party
Federal detention center, part of the US Bureau of Prisons
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, of the US federal government
Federation for a Democratic China, a political group in China
Florida Department of Corrections, in the US
Forum for Democratic Change, a political party in Uganda
Education
Forward Degree College, in Pakistan
Fundação Dom Cabral, a Brazilian business school
Science and technology
Floppy-disk controller, hardware that controls a computer floppy disk drive
HP Flexible Data Center, a modular data center built from prefabricated components by Hewlett-Packard
Flow duration curve, used to evaluate small hydro-electric plants
Medicine
Ferulic acid decarboxylase (Fdc), decarboxylase enzymes
Fixed dose combination, a medicine that includes two or more active ingredients combined in a single dosage form
Follicular dendritic cells, of the immune system
Other uses
FIFA Disciplinary Code, a set of codes and regulations promulgated by FIFA's judicial bodies
Fire direction center, of a military field artillery team
First day cover, a postage stamp franked on the first day of issue
First Down Classic, a former American football bowl game
Flight Data Coordinator, in Australia
Fuera de Clase, a Venezuelan boy band
Fire department connection, a standpipe in the Glossary of firefighting
, Wikipedia body for the international distribution of funds in the Wikimedia movement
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Open%20Source%20Network
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The International Open Source Network has as its slogan "software freedom for all". It is a Centre of Excellence for free software (also known as FLOSS, FOSS, or open-source software) in the Asia-Pacific region.
IOSN says it "shapes its activities around FOSS technologies and applications. It is "tasked specifically to facilitate and network FOSS advocates and human resources in the region."
FLOSS's perceived potential
IOSN's website says: "FOSS presents itself as an access solution for developing countries. It represents an opportunity for these countries to adopt affordable software and solutions towards bridging the digital divide. Only the use of FOSS permits sustainable development of software; it is technology that is free to learn about, maintain, adapt and reapply".
It explains its emphasis on Free and Open Source Software for the following reasons:
Universal access to software without restrictions.
Less dependence on imported technology.
Freedom to share and collaborate in development efforts.
Freedom to customize software to local languages and cultures.
Development of local software capacity.
Open standards and vendor independence.
Beginning 2008, IOSN is now managed from three centers of excellence: University of the Philippines Manila (ASEAN+3), CDAC in Chennai, India (South Asia), and a consortium composed of members from the academe and government in the Pacific Island Countries (PIC).
IOSN objectives
IOSN's objectives include:
Serve as a clearing house for information on FOSS in the Asia-Pacific region.
Strengthen current FOSS capacities.
Assist with the development of needed toolkits and resource materials, including localisation efforts.
Assist in the coordination of FOSS programmes and initiatives through information sharing and networking in the Asia-Pacific region.
Affiliations and sponsorships
IOSN is an initiative of the UNDP Asia-Pacific Development Information Programme and is supported by the International Development Research Centre (IDRC).
External links
IOSN's official site
Bangladesh Open Source Network's (BdOSN) official site
Asia-Pacific Development Information Programme of the UNDP
Free and open-source software organizations
Information and communication technologies for development
Information technology organizations
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sit%20Down%2C%20Shut%20Up%20%282001%20TV%20series%29
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Sit Down, Shut Up is a short-lived Australian sitcom broadcast by Network Ten. It ran from 16 February 2001 until 28 June 2001 for a total of 13 episodes.
The series followed the staff and students at a dysfunctional fictional high school called Carpen Heights Secondary College, and focused on the life of the teachers in and out of the staff room.
A writer for the series claimed that producer/comedian Chris Lilley had borrowed ideas for characters and plots from Sit Down, Shut Up for his 2007 series Summer Heights High. The ideas Lilley reportedly borrowed included the school's name and aspects of the Mr G character.
Cast
Marg Downey as Sue Dirkin
Stephen Curry as Stuart Mill
Jacqueline Brennan as Helen Peters
Christopher Brown as Brent Townsend-Ross
Jodie Dry as Julia Denholm-Ponsford
Paul Gleeson as Felix Sedgely
Taylor Kane as Stefan Ravazzi
Tim Mcloughlan as Chaps
Brendan Reed as Dean Tate
American remake
In 2009, an animated remake of the series titled Sit Down, Shut Up aired on Fox, premiering on 19 April 2009. This American version featured the voices of Henry Winkler, Will Arnett, Jason Bateman, Will Forte, Kenan Thompson, and Cheri Oteri, Nick Kroll, and Kristin Chenoweth. It was developed by Mitchell Hurwitz, the creator of Arrested Development. Former Simpsons writer Josh Weinstein acted as showrunner. The series received lackluster reviews and was pulled from FOX's Sunday night line-up after four episodes. The program aired all of its episodes when FOX put Sit Down Shut Up on late-night Saturday. Sit Down Shut Up then aired on Comedy Central (in reruns, initially a number of times throughout the day).
References
External links
Australian Television Information Archive
Australian television sitcoms
Network 10 original programming
Australian high school television series
Australian workplace comedy television series
2000s high school television series
2000s sitcoms
2000s workplace comedy television series
2001 Australian television series debuts
2001 Australian television series endings
English-language television shows
Television series about educators
Television series about teenagers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrian%20Bell
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Adrian Hanbury Bell (4 October 1901 – 5 September 1980) was an English ruralist journalist and farmer, and the first compiler of The Times crossword.
Early life
Bell was born at Stretford, Lancashire, son of Robert Bell (1865-1949), editor of The Observer, and artist Emily Jane Frances (1873-1954), second of three daughters of architect and surveyor Charles de Witt Hanbury, of Leeds, later of Manchester, descendant of the Royalist politician John Hanbury and related to the nonconformist historian Benjamin Hanbury. The Bell family later moved to London. He was educated at Uppingham School in Rutland.
Career
At the age of 19 he ventured into the countryside in Hundon, Suffolk, to learn about agriculture, and he farmed in various locations over the next sixty years, until his death in September 1980. His work on farms included the rebuilding of a near-derelict smallholding at Redisham, near Beccles.
Out of his early experiences of farming at Bradfield St. George, in Suffolk, came the book Corduroy, published in 1930. Bell's friend, the author and poet Edmund Blunden, advised him and helped secure his first publishing deal. Corduroy was an immediate best-seller and was followed by two more books on the countryside, Silver Ley in 1931 and The Cherry Tree in 1932, the three books forming a ruralist farm trilogy. The popularity of literary back-to-the-land writing in England in the 1930s can be put in the context of, for example, Vita Sackville-West's long narrative poem The Land. The Penguin Books paperback edition of Corduroy came out in 1940 and was much prized by soldiers serving during the Second World War.
Bell wrote the "Countryman’s Notebook" column in the Eastern Daily Press from 1950, and produced over twenty other books on the countryside, including Men and the Fields (1939), Apple Acre (1942), Sunrise to Sunset (1944), The Budding Morrow (1946), The Flower and the Wheel (1949), Music in the Morning, (1954), A Suffolk Harvest (1956), the autobiographical My Own Master (1961) and The Green Bond (1976). Bell was friendly with many literary and cultural figures, including Edmund Blunden, F.R. Leavis, H.J. Massingham, Alfred Munnings, John Nash and Henry Williamson.
When The Times began to lose circulation to The Daily Telegraph because the latter was running a daily crossword, Bell's father suggested him to the editor as the first "setter" even though he had never even solved one. Bell had just 10 days' notice before his first puzzle was published, in the weekly edition on 2 January 1930. Having set around 5,000 puzzles between 1930 and 1978, Bell is credited with helping to establish its distinctive cryptic clue style.
Ann Lynda Gander wrote the first biography of Bell in 2001. The first full length critical appreciation of his work, At the Field's Edge by Richard Hawking, was published in April 2019.
Family
Bell married Marjorie Gibson, an admirer of his work, in 1931; they had a son and two daughters. Son Martin Bell is a former BBC
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jil
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Jil may refer to:
Jil (film), a 2015 Indian Telugu-language action film
Jil, Armenia
Japan Institute of Labour
Jaringan Islam Liberal, liberal Islam network in Indonesia
Java Intermediate Language, a computer language
Jesus Is Lord Church Worldwide, commonly known as Jesus Is Lord Church or JIL Church
Jilin Ertaizi Airport, a military airport that formerly served commercial flights to Jilin City in Jilin Province, China
Joint Innovation Lab, a joint venture between Vodafone, Verizon Wireless, China Mobile and SoftBank Mobile
University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Law
People
Jil Caplan (born 1965), French singer-songwriter
Jil Y. Creek, Austrian guitar virtuoso
Kim Jil (1422–1478), scholar-official of the early Joseon Dynasty in Korea
Jil Matheson, National Statistician for the United Kingdom
Jil Sander (born 1943), minimalist German fashion designer
Jil Tracy (born 1973), Republican member of the Illinois House of Representatives
Salome Jil, pseudonym of José Milla y Vidaurre (1822–1882), Guatemalan writer
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A4ttighetsalliansen
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Rättighetsalliansen () is a Swedish lobby group representing companies and organisations within the Swedish film and computer game industry. Its activities involve promoting copyright issues and fighting copyright infringement. The chairman is Björn Gregfelt, while Henrik Pontén works as a jurist and the group's public relations man.
Rättighetsalliansen was formed in 2011 as the successor to the former Svenska Antipiratbyrån (the Swedish Anti-Piracy Agency), which was originally founded in 2001 by three groups: Filmägarnas Kontrollbyrå, MDTS, and Sveriges Videodistributörers Förening, which together represent over 30 companies.
The group's members are Noble Distribution Sweden AB, NonStop Entertainment AB, Nordisk Film AB, Paramount Home Entertainment Sweden AB, Sony Pictures Releasing Sweden AB, AB Svensk Filmindustri, Twentieth Century Fox, Sweden Aktiebolag/Twentieth Century Fox Home Entertainment AB, Universal Pictures Nordic AB, Walt Disney Company Nordic AB and Warner Bros. Entertainment Sverige AB.
In the public's mind it is seen as an opponent of Piratbyrån.
The organization was dissolved in 2011 to form part of the Rights Alliance.
External links
References
Copyright enforcement
Business organizations based in Sweden
Organizations established in 2001
2001 establishments in Sweden
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whiplash%20%28TV%20series%29
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Whiplash was a British/Australian television series in the Australian Western genre, produced by the Seven Network, ATV, and ITC Entertainment, and starring Peter Graves. Filmed in 1959-60, the series was first broadcast in the United Kingdom in September 1960, and in Australia in February 1961.
Overview
Set during the Australian gold rushes of the 1850s, the series was inspired by the life of Freeman Cobb, founder of the iconic Australian stagecoach line, Cobb and Co. However, the characters and events in the series bore no resemblance to the real Freeman Cobb or his company. Freeman Cobb did not carry a pistol or use a stockwhip to settle disputes.
The series was created by Michael Noonan and Michael Plant, and produced by Maurice Geraghty and Ben Fox at the Artransa Studios in Sydney, which were owned by ATV. Post-production was completed in the United Kingdom.
Cast and characters
In his autobiography, associate producer and director of many episodes John Meredyth Lucas commented on the difficulty faced in casting the series. He wrote that actors with radio experience were generally used, because of concerns with the broad Australian accents of some performers. On his return to the US in October 1960, Graves also commented on the difficulty in finding actors. "Those we got were very good, but there just wasn't enough of them," he said.
Main Cast
Peter Graves as Christopher Cobb
Anthony Wickert as Dan Ledward
Leading player, Peter Graves, was best known at the time for the TV Western Fury.
Guest cast
Leonard Teale
Terry McDermott
Chips Rafferty
Robert Tudawali as Kuanspa / Kuraba / Mundaru / Kogarah / Dalgowlie / Native Boy / Roonga
Henry Murdoch as Billy Jo (4 episodes)
Annette Andre as Fiona Merrick / Cassie / Charlene
Guy Doleman as Sundowner / Raike Dartner / Norris
Stuart Wagstaff as Jimmy Quicksilver / Lieutenant Hoffman (3 episodes)
Janette Craig (3 episodes)
Jennifer Jayne
Neva Carr Glyn
Margo Lee
Rachael Lloyd
Ben Gabriel
Tom Farley
Colin Croft
Owen Weingott
Brenda Senders
Gordon Glenwright
Delia Williams
Reg Lye
Lionel Long
Peter Aanensen
Nigel Lovell
George Wallace Jnr
Chuck Faulkner.
Joe McCormick
Episode list
The original air date is for ATV London. ITV regions varied date and order.
Production number refers to the order in the Network DVD booklet.
Background and production
Development
Michael Noonan had created and written a British TV series shot in Australia called The Flying Doctor. Whiplash was a similar international production. The show was mostly financed by Lew Grade's ITC productions, but was aimed at the international market, leading to many Americans being in key creative roles. Post production was done in the UK.
Co-producing partners included Australia's Artransa Park Studios and Britain's ATV.
Filming
Filming started in October 1959 at Artransa Park Studios in Frenchs Forest, a Sydney suburb, with location work at Scone, New South Wales and elsewhere.
Graves told the S
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberfeminism
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Cyberfeminism is a feminist approach which foregrounds the relationship between cyberspace, the Internet, and technology. It can be used to refer to a philosophy, methodology or community. The term was coined in the early 1990s to describe the work of feminists interested in theorizing, critiquing, exploring and re-making the Internet, cyberspace and new-media technologies in general. The foundational catalyst for the formation of cyberfeminist thought is attributed to Donna Haraway's "A Cyborg Manifesto", third wave feminism, post-structuralist feminism, riot grrrl culture and the feminist critique of the alleged erasure of women within discussions of technology.
Definition
Cyberfeminism is a sort of alliance that wants to defy any sort of boundaries of identity and definition and rather be truly postmodern in its potential for radical openness. This is seen with the 1997 Old Boys Network's 100 anti-theses which lists the 100 ways "cyberfeminism is not." Cornelia Sollfrank from the Old Boys Network states that:Cyberfeminism is a myth. A myth is a story of unidentifiable origin, or of different origins. A myth is based on one central story which is retold over and over in different variations. A myth denies one history as well as one truth, and implies a search for truth in the spaces, in the differences between the different stories. Speaking about Cyberfeminism as a myth, is not intended to mystify it, it simply indicates that Cyberfeminism only exists in plural.Mia Consalvo defines cyberfeminism as:
a label for women—especially young women who might not even want to align with feminism's history—not just to consume new technologies but to actively participate in their making;
a critical engagement with new technologies and their entanglement with power structures and systemic oppression.
The dominant cyberfeminist perspective takes a utopian view of cyberspace and the Internet as a means of freedom from social constructs such as gender, sex difference and race. For instance, a description of the concept described it as a struggle to be aware of the impact of new technologies on the lives of women as well as the so-called insidious gendering of technoculture in everyday life. It also sees technology as a means to link the body with machines. This is demonstrated in the way cyberfeminism—as maintained by theorists such as Barbara Kennedy—is said to define a specific cyborgian consciousness concept, which denotes a way of thinking that breaks down binary and oppositional discourses. There is also the case of the renegotiation of the artificial intelligence (AI), which is considered top-down masculinist, into bottom-up feminized version labeled as ALife programming.
VNS Matrix member Julianne Pierce defines cyberfeminism: "In 1991, in a cozy Australian city called Adelaide, four bored girls decided to have some fun with art and French Feminist theory... with homage to Donna Haraway they began to play around with the idea of cyberfeminism."
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECLiPSe
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ECLiPSe is a software system for the development and deployment of constraint logic programming applications, e.g., in the areas of optimization, planning, scheduling, resource allocation, timetabling, transport, etc. It is also suited for teaching most aspects of combinatorial problem solving, e.g., problem modeling, constraint programming, mathematical programming, and search techniques. It contains constraint solver libraries, a high-level modeling and control language (a superset of Prolog), interfaces to third-party solvers, an integrated development environment and interfaces for embedding into host environments.
ECLiPSe was developed until 1995 at the European Computer‐Industry Research Centre (ECRC) in Munich, and then until 2005 at the Centre for Planning and Resource Control at Imperial College London (IC-Parc). It was purchased by Cisco Systems. In September 2006, it was released as open source software under an equivalent of the Mozilla Public License, and is now hosted on SourceForge.
Language
The ECLiPSe language is largely backward-compatible with Prolog and supports different dialects, including ISO Prolog. Due to being declarative, it can be used both as a modelling language to describe problems, and as a general purpose programming language.
Beyond the basic Prolog data types, the following are available: strings, unlimited precision integer and rational numbers, and floating point intervals. Array syntax and structures with field names are also supported and especially useful in constraint modelling.
A logical iteration construct eliminates the need for most simple recursion patterns.
ECLiPSe provides comprehensive facilities to implement data-driven control behaviour. These include declarative delay-clauses as well as primitives for meta-programmed control like explicit goal suspension, flexible triggering facilities and execution priorities. Together with the attributed variable data type, this is the key to many extensions to the basic logic programming language, including all constraint-based functionality. The system calls user-definable event handlers when it encounters attributed variables in certain contexts, e.g. unification.
The module system controls the visibility of predicates, non-logical stores, source transformations and syntax settings. Module interfaces can be extended and restricted, and modules written in different language dialects can be mixed within one application.
Programs may contain structured comments from which reference documentation can be generated.
Libraries
ECLiPSe provides several libraries of constraint solvers which can be used in application programs:
Arithmetic constraints over finite domains, finite set constraints, generalized propagation, interval reasoning over non-linear constraints, interfaces to external simplex solvers, constraint handling rules (CHR) and more.
Other libraries implement search methods like branch-and-bound, repair-based search, limited discrepancy search.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer%20Weekly
|
Computer Weekly is a digital magazine and website for IT professionals in the United Kingdom. It was formerly published as a weekly print magazine by Reed Business Information for over 50 years. Topics covered within the magazine include outsourcing, security, data centres, information management, cloud computing, and mobile computing to computer hacking and strategy for IT management.
History
The magazine was available free to IT professionals who met the circulation requirements. A small minority of issues were sold in retail outlets, with the bulk of revenue received from display and recruitment advertising. The magazine is still available free as a PDF digital edition. Computer Weekly was available in print and digital format and the readership was audited by BPA Worldwide, which verified its circulation twice yearly. The circulation figure was 135,035 according to the publisher's statement in August 2007.
Bryan Glick is the editor-in-chief of Computer Weekly, having joined in November 2009.
Computer Weekly won the UK Periodical Publishers Association (PPA) "Campaign of the Year" Award five times in seven years as it was involved in IT-related campaigns such as the costs of the NHS computer system, websites for disabled people and the Chinook crash on Mull of Kintyre.
The magazine was transferred to a digital edition in May 2011 after TechTarget bought the Computer Weekly website and events. On September 22, 2016, the magazine celebrated its 50th anniversary. At the time, its circulation figure was 200,000 magazines per week, and 400,000 magazines once monthly and quarterly regional editions were counted.
On 28 July 2021, Computer Weekly launched the voting for its Most Influential Woman in UK Technology awards.
Website
The website, ComputerWeekly.com, provides users with IT news and analysis, white papers, and case studies. ComputerWeekly.com also provides information via webinars, podcasts, blogs, desktop alerts, and RSS feeds.
The site also features the "Downtime" is a section of the magazine that included a daily 2 column Dilbert comic strip.
Webinars
Webinars are presented on the site, lasting 45 minutes, beginning with a 5-minute introduction from the chair followed by presentations from an analyst and a specific case study. Viewers can email the panel with their questions throughout the webinar.
Users are required to register for each webinar and this is then viewed using an interface that allows users to watch the video of the webinar alongside supporting PowerPoint presentation slides.
The interface allows the user to enlarge and download slides, view speaker information, and support case studies. When viewed on-demand, the user can also pause, skip and select specific sections from the webinar to view.
Podcasts
Podcasts are audio downloads provided in an MP3 format which are available on-demand. They are generated by the ComputerWeekly.com editorial team.
Blogs
The blogs cover key issues facing IT decision-makers an
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obligatory%20passage%20point
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The concept of an obligatory passage point (OPP) was developed by sociologist Michel Callon in a seminal contribution to actor–network theory: Callon, Michel (1986), "Elements of a sociology of translation: Domestication of the Scallops and the Fishermen of St Brieuc Bay". In John Law (Ed.), Power, Action and Belief: A New Sociology of Knowledge? London, Routledge: 196–233.
Obligatory passage points are a feature of actor-networks, usually associated with the initial (problematization) phase of a translation process. An OPP can be thought of as the narrow end of a funnel, that forces the actors to converge on a certain topic, purpose or question. The OPP thereby becomes a necessary element for the formation of a network and an action program. The OPP thereby mediates all interactions between actors in a network and defines the action program. Obligatory passage points allow for local networks to set up negotiation spaces that allow them a degree of autonomy from the global network of involved actors.
If a project is unable to impose itself as a strong OPP between the global and local networks, it has no control over global resources such as financial and political support, which can be misused or withdrawn. Additionally, a weak OPP is unable to take credit for the successes achieved within the local network, as outside actors are able to bypass its control and influence the local network directly.
An action program can comprise a number of different OPPs. An OPP can also be redefined as the problematization phase is revisited.
In Callon and Law's '"Engineering and Sociology in a Military Aircraft Project" the project management of a project to design a new strategic jet fighter for the British Military became an obligatory passage point between representatives of government and aerospace engineers.
In recent years, the notion of the obligatory passage point has taken hold in information systems security and information privacy disciplines and journals. Backhouse et al. (2006) illustrated how practices and policies are standardized and institutionalized through OPP.
References
Actor-network theory
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Law%20%28sociologist%29
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John Law (born 16 May 1946), is a sociologist and science and technology studies scholar, currently on the Faculty of Social Sciences at the Open University. Law coined the term Actor-Network Theory (ANT) in 1992 when synthesising work done with colleagues at the Centre de Sociologie de l'Innovation.
Actor-network theory
Actor-network theory, sometimes abbreviated to ANT, is a social science approach for describing and explaining social, organisational, scientific and technological structures, processes and events. It assumes that all the components of such structures (whether these are human or otherwise) form a network of relations that can be mapped and described in the same terms or vocabulary.
Developed by STS scholars Michel Callon, Madeleine Akrich and Bruno Latour, Law himself, and others, ANT may alternatively be described as a 'material-semiotic' method. ANT strives to map relations that are simultaneously material (between things) and 'semiotic' (between concepts), for instance, the interactions in a bank involve both people and their ideas, and computers. Together these form a single network.
Professor John Law was one of the directors of the ESRC funded Centre for Research on Socio-Cultural Change.
Bibliography
Authored
Edited
See also
Actor-network theory
Bruno Latour
Michel Callon
Annemarie Mol
References
External links
John Law at The Open University
HeterogeneitiesDOTnet: John Law's STS Web Page
1946 births
Academics of the Open University
Actor-network theory
British sociologists
Living people
Sociologists of science
Philosophers of technology
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-agent%20planning
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In computer science multi-agent planning involves coordinating the resources and activities of multiple agents.
NASA says, "multiagent planning is concerned with planning by (and for) multiple agents. It can involve agents planning for a common goal, an agent coordinating the plans (plan merging) or planning of others, or agents refining their own plans while negotiating over tasks or resources. The topic also involves how agents can do this in real time while executing plans (distributed continual planning). Multiagent scheduling differs from multiagent planning the same way planning and scheduling differ: in scheduling often the tasks that need to be performed are already decided, and in practice, scheduling tends to focus on algorithms for specific problem domains".
See also
Automated planning and scheduling
Distributed artificial intelligence
Cooperative distributed problem solving and Coordination
Multi-agent systems and Software agent and Self-organization
Multi-agent reinforcement learning
Task Analysis, Environment Modeling, and Simulation (TAEMS or TÆMS)
References
Further reading
Durfee's (1999) chapter on Distributed Problem Solving and Planning
desJardins et al. (1999). A Survey of Research in Distributed, Continual Planning.
.
See Chapter 2; downloadable free online.
External links
A tutorial on planning in multiagent systems
Multi-agent systems
Automated planning and scheduling
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WQAM
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WQAM (560 AM, "AM 560 Sports") is a radio station in Miami, Florida. Owned by Audacy, Inc., it broadcasts a sports talk format carrying a mixture of local and CBS Sports Radio programming. Studios are located in Audacy's Miami office on Northeast Second Avenue, and the transmitter site is in the Little River neighborhood of Miami at 360 Northeast 71st Street.
Origin
WQAM is one of Florida's oldest radio stations. According to Federal Communications Commission (FCC) records, the station was first licensed on January 23, 1923, corresponding with the first license issued with the WQAM call letters. However, multiple alternative dates have been stated for its founding, due to the opinion that WQAM's history should actually start with an earlier Miami station, WFAW. Moreover, although government records state that WFAW was licensed to The Miami Daily Metropolis from June 16, 1922 until its deletion on June 11, 1923, Fred W. Borton later claimed that WFAW had actually been first licensed to him, although there are no records supporting the existence of WFAW prior to the initial Metropolis grant.
In addition to its possible link to WQAM, WFAW's origin date in turn has been variously reported to actually be from 1920 to 1922, including:
"WFAW, forerunner of WQAM, began operations with a 50 w transmitter in 1920".
"The 50-watt transmitter that Mr. Borton put together out of odds and ends in 1920 was licensed for operation the following year. Its first call letters, WFAW, were changed to WQAM a year later."
"It was in 1920, while a co-owner of the Electrical Equipment Co., that Borton cranked up the transmitter of Florida's first radio station, WFAW, the forerunner of WQAM... The call letters were changed to WQAM in 1922..."
"Radio station WQAM was the first broadcasting station to be established in Florida. The license, issued to it by the department of commerce, to Fred W. Borton, was dated February, 1921, with the call letters WFAW. The original call letters were discontinued in 1922, and the new letters, WQAM, now in use, were adopted."
May 1921 is listed as the WQAM start date in the 1972 edition of the Broadcasting Yearbook.
""Founded in 1922 as the pioneer broadcaster in Florida, and still the southernmost station in the United States, WQAM..."
History
On December 9, 1922, the Miami Metropolis announced that broadcasts over its station, WFAW, were being suspended, pending a move to a new Electrical Equipment Company location, with the existing WFAW transmiter to be dismantled. On January 27, 1923, the Metropolis reported that a 100 watt transmitter to be used by the newspaper's broadcast service, that was designed and built by F. W. Borton of the Electrical Equipment Company and installed at Electrical Equipment's offices at Northwest Fourth Street, would make its debut broadcast the next evening. Two days later, the newspaper wrote: "With the completion of the enlarged radio plant of The Miami Daily Metropolis and Electrical Equipment Compan
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WRN
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WRN may refer to:
WRN (gene), responsible for Werner syndrome
West Runton railway station (UK railway station code)
WRN Broadcast, formerly World Radio Network, an international broadcasting services company
Polish Socialist Party - Freedom, Equality, Independence (Polska Partia Socjalistyczna - Wolność, Równość, Niepodległość, PPS-WRN)
Is not singular of WRNs: Women's Royal Naval Service, the former women's branch of the British Royal Navy
Windarling Airport, IATA airport code "WRN"
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntax-directed%20translation
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Syntax-directed translation refers to a method of compiler implementation where the source language translation is completely driven by the parser.
A common method of syntax-directed translation is translating a string into a sequence of actions by attaching one such action to each rule of a grammar. Thus, parsing a string of the grammar produces a sequence of rule applications. SDT provides a simple way to attach semantics to any such syntax.
Overview
Syntax-directed translation fundamentally works by adding actions to the productions in a context-free grammar, resulting in a Syntax-Directed Definition (SDD). Actions are steps or procedures that will be carried out when that production is used in a derivation. A grammar specification embedded with actions to be performed is called a syntax-directed translation scheme (sometimes simply called a 'translation scheme'.)
Each symbol in the grammar can have an attribute, which is a value that is to be associated with the symbol. Common attributes could include a variable type, the value of an expression, etc. Given a symbol X, with an attribute t, that attribute is referred to as X.t
Thus, given actions and attributes, the grammar can be used for translating strings from its language by applying the actions and carrying information through each symbol's attribute.
Metacompilers
Early metacompilers use the terms syntax-driven and syntax-directed translation in their descriptions. They have metaprogramming language features for outputting code.
See metacompiler, META II, and TREE-META.
See also
Attribute grammar
References
Compiler construction
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri%20Matiyasevich
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Yuri Vladimirovich Matiyasevich, (; born 2 March 1947 in Leningrad) is a Russian mathematician and computer scientist. He is best known for his negative solution of Hilbert's tenth problem (Matiyasevich's theorem), which was presented in his doctoral thesis at LOMI (the Leningrad Department of the Steklov Institute of Mathematics).
Biography
Early years and education
Yuri Matiyasevich was born in Leningrad on March 2, 1947. The first few classes he studied at school No. 255 with Sofia G. Generson, thanks to whom he became interested in mathematics. In 1961 he began to participate in all-Russian olympiads. From 1962 to 1963 he studied at Leningrad physical and mathematical school No. 239. Also from 7th to 9th grade he was involved in the mathematical circle of the Leningrad Palace of Pioneers. In 1963-1964 he completed 10th grade at the Moscow State University physics and mathematics boarding school No. 18 named after A. N. Kolmogorov.
In 1964, he won a gold medal the International Mathematical Olympiad and was enrolled in the Mathematics and Mechanics Department of St. Petersburg State University without exams. He took his high school diploma exams as a first-year student.
Being a second-year student, he released two papers in mathematical logic that were published in the Proceedings of the USSR Academy of Sciences. He presented these works at the International Congress of Mathematicians in 1966.
After graduation, he enrolled in graduate school at St. Petersburg Department of Steklov Mathematical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (POMI). In 1970, under the guidance of , he defended his thesis for the degree of Candidate of Sciences in Physics and Mathematics.
In 1972, at the age of 25, he defended his doctoral dissertation on the unsolvability of Hilbert's tenth problem.
From 1974 Matiyasevich worked in scientific positions at LOMI, first as a senior researcher, in 1980 he headed the Laboratory of Mathematical Logic. In 1995, Matiyasevich became a professor at POMI, initially at the chair of software engineering, later at the chair of algebra and number theory.
In 1997, he was elected as a corresponding member of Russian Academy of Sciences. Since 1998, Yuri Matiyasevich has been a vice-president of St. Petersburg Mathematical Society.
Since 2002, he has been a head of St.Petersburg City Mathematical Olympiad.
Since 2003, Matiyasevich has been a co-director of an annual German–Russian student school JASS.
In 2008, he was elected as a full member of Russian Academy of Sciences.
He was a member of the American Mathematical Society and the Association for Symbolic Logic; and also of the editorial boards for the journals Discrete Mathematics and Applications and Computer Instruments in Education. As a teacher, he mentored Eldar Musayev, Maxim Vsemirnov, Alexei Pastor, Dmitri Karpov
A polynomial related to the colorings of a triangulation of a sphere was named after Matiyasevich; see The Matiyasevich polynomial, four colour th
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BlueLine%20Rental
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BlueLine Rental, formerly Volvo Rents, was an American company that rented construction equipment to contractors and retail consumers through a network of company owned stores. The company specialized in renting a variety of construction equipment, ranging from small tools and light towers to large earthmoving equipment. It also offered services such as equipment maintenance and repair, on-site technical assistance, and equipment delivery.
History
BlueLine Rental was founded as Volvo Rents on July 2, 2001.
Volvo Rents was a wholly owned subsidiary of the Volvo Group, which is a publicly held company headquartered in Gothenburg, Sweden. Volvo Rents had more 185 locations in North America. As of May 2011, the company was number 17 on the annual RER 100.
In February 2014, Volvo Rents was sold to Platinum Equity and changed its name to BlueLine Rental.
In January 2016, Asterios Satrazemis was appointed as CEO of BlueLine Rental.
On September 11, 2018, United Rentals announced an agreement to purchase BlueLine Rental from Platinum Equity for about $2.1 billion in cash. The deal closed in the fourth quarter of 2018.
References
External links
Official site
Construction equipment rental companies
Companies based in The Woodlands, Texas
2001 establishments in Texas
American companies established in 2001
Business services companies established in 2001
2018 mergers and acquisitions
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20the%20Actor%20model
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In computer science, the Actor model, first published in 1973, is a mathematical model of concurrent computation.
Event orderings versus global state
A fundamental challenge in defining the Actor model is that it did not provide for global states so that a computational step could not be defined as going from one global state to the next global state as had been done in all previous models of computation.
In 1963 in the field of Artificial Intelligence, John McCarthy introduced situation variables in logic in the Situational Calculus. In McCarthy and Hayes 1969, a situation is defined as "the complete state of the universe at an instant of time." In this respect, the situations of McCarthy are not suitable for use in the Actor model since it has no global states.
From the definition of an Actor, it can be seen that numerous events take place: local decisions, creating Actors, sending messages, receiving messages, and designating how to respond to the next message received. Partial orderings on such events have been axiomatized in the Actor model and their relationship to physics explored (see Actor model theory).
Relationship to physics
According to Hewitt (2006), the Actor model is based on physics in contrast with other models of computation that were based on mathematical logic, set theory, algebra, etc. Physics influenced the Actor model in many ways, especially quantum physics and relativistic physics. One issue is what can be observed about Actor systems. The question does not have an obvious answer because it poses both theoretical and observational challenges similar to those that had arisen in constructing the foundations of quantum physics. In concrete terms for Actor systems, typically we cannot observe the details by which the arrival order of messages for an Actor is determined (see Indeterminacy in concurrent computation). Attempting to do so affects the results and can even push the indeterminacy elsewhere. e.g., see metastability in electronics. Instead of observing the insides of arbitration processes of Actor computations, we await the outcomes.
Models prior to the Actor model
The Actor model builds on previous models of computation.
Lambda calculus
The lambda calculus of Alonzo Church can be viewed as the earliest message passing programming language (see Hewitt, Bishop, and Steiger 1973; Abelson and Sussman 1985). For example, the lambda expression below implements a tree data structure when supplied with parameters for a and . When such a tree is given a parameter message , it returns and likewise when given the message it returns .
λ(leftSubTree,rightSubTree)
λ(message)
if (message == "getLeft") then leftSubTree
else if (message == "getRight") then rightSubTree
However, the semantics of the lambda calculus were expressed using variable substitution in which the values of parameters were substituted into the body of an invoked lambda expression. The substitution model is unsuitable for concurre
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babels
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Babels is an international network of volunteer interpreters and translators that was born out of the European Social Forum (ESF) process and whose main objective is to cover the interpreting needs of the various Social Forums. It is a horizontal, non-hierarchical network, with no permanent structures of any kind.
Babels originated in the process of preparation for the 2002 ESF, a left-wing conference of the anti-globalization movement held in Florence. A small network of 'communication activists' associated with ATTAC France proposed that the conference use only volunteers to interpret the various languages of the speakers for the audience. There was some debate about the quality of volunteer translators but the cost of professionals helped sway the argument. A last-minute call went out for volunteers to which 600 people responded and which finally resulted in around 350 volunteer interpreters and translators for the Forum. The group had no official space to work from and little funds so had to squat a medieval tower.
After the first ESF the organisers of the translation formed Babels groups in France and Italy and groups also sprang up in Germany, the UK, and Spain. These groups went on to participate in counter G8 conferences in Evian and Annemasse.
For the second ESF in Paris organisers gave Babels £200,000 funding, offices facilities and a longer preparation period. Over 1000 Babelistas (Babels translation volunteers) took part in the translation.
The Babels organisation went on to provide translation for the ESF's global partner the World Social Forum (WSF) in Mumbai and the first Social Forum of the Americas in Ecuador and the third ESF in London.
Babels describes itself as "not a provider of linguistic services" but rather "a political actor" and will not work on any project unless it has been involved in contributing to the definition of the project with its ideas and demands.
External links
Official website
Article on Translation and Interpreting volunteer networks "Social Commitment in Translation and Interpreting", by De Manuel, López and Brander (2004) published in Puentes 4 Hacia Nuevas Investigaciones en la Mediación Intercultural (article on other volunteer translation and Interpreting Networks, translated into English)
Translation organizations
Advocacy groups
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open%20Enterprise%20Server
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Open Enterprise Server (OES) is a server operating system published by Novell in March 2005 to succeed their NetWare product.
Unlike NetWare, Novell OES is a Linux distribution—specifically, one based on SUSE Linux Enterprise Server. The first major release of Open Enterprise Server (OES 1) could run either with a Linux kernel (with a NetWare compatibility layer) or Novell's NetWare kernel (with a Linux compatibility layer). Novell discontinued the NetWare kernel prior to the release of OES 2, but NetWare 6.5 SP7, and later SP8 can run as a paravirtualized guest inside the Xen hypervisor (Officially supported until 7 March 2012, Novell self-supported until 7 March 2015).
OES 1 and OES 2
Novell released OES 1, the first version of OES, on 25 March 2005. Since some users wanted backward compatibility with NetWare, Novell offered two installation options: OES-NetWare and OES-Linux. These are two different operating systems with different kernels and different userlands.
OES-NetWare is NetWare v6.5 equipped with NetWare Loadable Modules for various Novell services (such as NetWare Core Protocol, Novell eDirectory, Novell Storage Services, and iPrint) and open-source software (such as OpenSSH, Apache Tomcat, and the Apache HTTP Server).
OES-Linux is based on the SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES) with added NetWare services ported to the Linux kernel: e.g. the NetWare Core Protocol, Novell eDirectory, Novell Storage Services, and iPrint.
Novell released OES 2, the second version of OES, on 12 October 2007. It was the first SLES-Linux-kernel-only OES, but it retained the OES-NetWare operating system option, as NetWare 6.5 SP7 can run as a paravirtualized guest inside the Xen hypervisor. The SLES base of the OES 2 was later updated to SLES 10 SP1.
Features introduced in OES 2 include:
32-bit system or 64-bit system supporting 64 bit and 32 bit applications
Hardware virtualization
Dynamic Storage Technology, which provides Novell Shadow Volumes
Windows domain services (from OES 2 SP1)
Apple Filing Protocol (AFP) with Cross Protocoll Locking AFP-NCP-Samba (CPL) (from OES 2 SP1)
See also (based on different OES editions):
Novell Open Workgroup Suite
Novell Open Workgroup Suite Small Business Edition
OES 11
OES 11 was released on 12 December 2011 based on SLES 11 SP1 64-bit. The NetWare Kernel was removed after OES 2. This is the first version of OES to be 64-bit (x86_64) only. NetWare 6.5 SP8 was still possible to run as a 32-bit only para-virtualized guest inside the Xen hypervisor.
Introduces Novell Kanaka for Mac client
Uses Zypper tool to patch up to 100 times faster than OES2
Added Automated / Unattended Upgrades from OES2
New Novell Linux Volume Manager ( NLVM) provides easier storage management
Novell released service packs:
OES 11 SP1, on 28 August 2012.
OES 11 SP2, on 28 January 2014.
OES 11 SP3, on 26 July 2016.
OES 2015
OES 2015 was released on 31 August 2015, added new features and improved performance.
OES 201
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myolepta%20potens
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Myolepta potens is a European hoverfly.
The species ranges from France and Germany through central Europe to the Black Sea.
It is rare throughout its range and is listed in the Red Data Books of a number of its range states. It is listed by the Council of Europe as a Saproxylic (deadwood-dependent) Indicator species, because its presence indicates that a large quantity of standing deadwood is also present.
The species was discovered in Britain in 1945 by John Cowley at Loxley Wood and another woodland site near Shapwick in Somerset and identified by J. E. Collin. Cowley found more specimens in the same area in 1946, 1947 and 1949. Subsequently, fellow dipterist E. C. M. d'Assis-Fonseca found a single male in Blaise Wood near Bristol in 1949, and in 1950 E. E. Lowe found the species at Combe Dingle, which is close to the Blaise Castle Estate within which Blaise Wood lies. J. C. Hartley found six larvae in a rot-hole at Ashton Court, Bristol in 1961, thus providing proof of the species' breeding in Britain. Despite attempts to relocate the species in its Bristol and Somerset sites in the 1980s and 1990s, it has not been refound (Loxley Wood is largely coniferised and therefore no longer suitable for supporting the species).
In the Institute for Terrestrial Ecology's Provisional hoverfly atlas published in 2000, the species was listed as extinct. During an English Nature-commissioned survey of Moccas Park National Nature Reserve in Herefordshire, Andy Godfrey found Myolepta potens larvae in a rot-hole. Subsequent survey work revealed that there is a strong population at this site using rot holes in several different species of tree.
Two English names have been coined for this species, although neither has gained widespread usage: the Western wood-vase hoverfly and the Moccas hoverfly
References
Brachyopini
Diptera of Europe
Insects described in 1776
Taxa named by Moses Harris
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall%20Poe
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Marshall Tillbrook Poe (born December 29, 1961) is an American historian, writer, editor and founder of the New Books Network, an online collection of podcast interviews with a wide range of non-fiction authors. He has taught Russian, European, Eurasian and World history at various universities including Harvard, Columbia, University of Iowa, and the University of Massachusetts Amherst. He has also taught courses on new media and online collaboration.
Poe is the author or editor of a number of books on early modern Russia. He has also published A History of Communications: Media and Society from the Evolution of Speech to the Internet, a book that examines how various communications media shape social practices and values.
In 2005, Poe founded the now-defunct MemoryArchive, a universal wiki-type archive of contemporary memoirs. It encouraged people to contribute written accounts of their personal memories that would be part of a searchable, online database. There he contributed numerous personal accounts of his own, from playing basketball with Barack Obama, to stumbling onto a crime scene of Dennis Rader's, the BTK serial killer.
In 2006, Poe wrote an influential commentary on Wikipedia, the online encyclopedia, while serving as a writer, researcher and editor at The Atlantic magazine.
Education and academic career
Marshall Poe was born in Huntsville, Alabama on December 29, 1961. His early schooling was hampered by what he has called "pretty severe dyslexia." As a result, he did not learn to read until the second or third grade in primary school.
Poe graduated from Wichita Southeast High School in 1980 and earned his B.A. in 1984 at Grinnell College where he was named outstanding student in history. He earned his M.A. from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1986 and his Ph.D in history at Berkeley in 1992.
He taught at Harvard University from 1989 to 1996 and again from 1999 to 2002, during which time he was appointed Allston Burr Senior Tutor at Harvard's Lowell House where he managed a college of 600 undergraduate students and 50 tutors and staff. He also taught at New York University (1999), American University (2005), the University of Iowa (2007-2013) and the University of Massachusetts Amherst (2013-2014).
He has held fellowships at the Davis Center for Russian Studies at Harvard; the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey; and the Harriman Institute for Russian Studies at Columbia University.
At the Institute for Advanced Study, Poe played guitar and sang in a loud rock and roll band called "Do Not Erase," consisting entirely of fellows at the institute. The name of the band is taken from what mathematicians write under their long theorems and proofs on chalk boards, so that janitors won't erase them, especially if their equations have discovered something new.
Writing
Marshall Poe's writing ranges from academic articles and books to magazine and Internet pieces intended for wider audiences. He has writt
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheryl%20Hickey
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Cheryl Hickey (born January 8, 1976) is the former host of ET Canada, an entertainment news magazine for Global Television Network which launched on September 12, 2005.
Early life
Born in Owen Sound, Ontario, to John Patrick Hickey (1942 – January 13, 2023) and Lori Hickey (née Laycock). At 16 years old, Hickey volunteered at a local cable TV station. She attended Fanshawe College in London, Ontario where she studied Radio and Television Arts and graduated in 1996.
Career
After graduating, she returned to Owen Sound where she worked at the radio station CFOS. A year-and-a-half later, she moved on to The New VR in Barrie, Ontario. There she worked initially as a production assistant, then later became a writer for their six o'clock newscast. At the same time, she learned how to operate a camera and film the news. Hickey eventually began doing a small hosting job in an entertainment spot on the channel.
In May 1999 she joined the Global Television Network where she worked as a photojournalist and as a news chopper reporter. In 2001, she moved on to reporting on entertainment news for Global. Hickey produced and appeared in the documentary special 10 Wired Days, a backstage pass to the Toronto Film Festival which premiered in 2003. In 2005, Hickey auditioned for the role of host for the upcoming Canadian entertainment news program ET Canada. However, after the first round of auditions, Hickey was not selected. The producers of the show later returned to her and offered Hickey the role of female co-host, alongside Rick Campanelli. Campanelli left the program in 2017 and Hickey would host the show alone until 2022 when Sangita Patel was promoted to co-host. In September 2023 it was announced that the show had been cancelled after 18 seasons.
Personal life
Hickey married producer-director Kevin Foley in 2008. Her first child, son Jaxson, was born in 2009. On April 17, 2013 Hickey gave birth to daughter Nyla.
References
External links
Cheryl Hickey's bio from ET Canada
Canadian television hosts
Canadian infotainers
People from Owen Sound
1976 births
Living people
Fanshawe College alumni
Canadian people of Irish descent
Canadian people of English descent
Canadian women television journalists
Global Television Network people
Canadian women television hosts
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millfield%20Metro%20station
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Millfield is a Tyne and Wear Metro station, serving Sunderland Royal Hospital and the suburb of Millfield, City of Sunderland in Tyne and Wear, England. It joined the network on 31 March 2002, following the opening of the extension from Pelaw to South Hylton.
Original station
The old station opened in June 1853, before being closed, and re-sited to the north west of Hylton Road in around 1890. The second station closed in May 1955, ahead of the closure of other nearby stations, with Pallion and Hylton closing in May 1964, following the Beeching Axe. Goods facilities remained at Millfield until the late 1970s.
Metro era
Between Millfield and Pallion, it was necessary for the Tyne and Wear Metro route to deviate from the original alignment, owing to the construction of a road. A new trackbed was cut in to a steep slope, and extensively retained with piling, along with the construction of a new road bridge.
Along with other stations on the line between Fellgate and South Hylton, the station is fitted with vitreous enamel panels designed by artist, Morag Morrison. Each station uses a different arrangement of colours, with strong colours used in platform shelters and ticketing areas, and a more neutral palate for external elements.
The station was used by 203,654 passengers in 2017–18, making it the third-least-used station on the Wearside extension, after Pallion (92,060) and St. Peter's (107,887).
Facilities
Step-free access is available at all stations across the Tyne and Wear Metro network, with ramped access to both platforms at Millfield. The station is equipped with ticket machines, waiting shelter, seating, next train information displays, timetable posters, and an emergency help point on both platforms. Ticket machines are able to accept payment with credit and debit card (including contactless payment), notes and coins. The station is also fitted with smartcard validators, which feature at all stations across the network.
There is car parking available, with 12 on-street parking bays located off Hylton Road, as well as two accessible parking spaces. There is also the provision for cycle parking, with four cycle pods available for use.
Services
, the station is served by up to five trains per hour on weekdays and Saturday, and up to four trains per hour during the evening and on Sunday.
Rolling stock used: Class 599 Metrocar
References
External links
Timetable and station information for Millfield
Sunderland
2002 establishments in England
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 2002
Tyne and Wear Metro Green line stations
Transport in the City of Sunderland
Transport in Tyne and Wear
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ardent%20Window%20Manager
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In computing, the Ardent Window Manager (awm) is an early window manager software for the X Window System. It was descended from uwm.
awm was written by Jordan Hubbard for the Ardent Computer Corporation's TITAN line of workstations in 1988, which ran a version of X11R2. It was included on the X11R3 contrib tape.
The FAQ for the comp.windows.x Usenet newsgroup says: The Ardent Window Manager was for a while a hotbed for hackers and offered some features (dynamic menus) not found on more current window managers.
References
20) What are all these window managers? (Where can I get a "virtual" wm?) (comp.windows.x FAQ 2/7)
External links
awm source code (xwinman.org)
X window managers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ardent
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Ardent may refer to:
Ardent spirits, liquors obtained after repeated distillations from fermented vegetables.
Ardent (automobile), a French automobile produced from 1900 to 1901
Ardent Computer, a graphics minicomputer manufacturing company
Ardent Leisure, an Australian operator of theme parks and other leisure venues
Ardent Productions, a film recording company founded by H.R.H. Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh
Ardent Records, a Memphis record label founded in 1959
Ardent Studios, a professional recording studio in Memphis, Tennessee, in the United States
, several ships of the British Royal Navy
, various United States Navy ships
Ardent (Dungeons & Dragons), a character class in the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game
Ardent (marine salvage company), a major marine salvage company
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KFSF-DT
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KFSF-DT (channel 66) is a television station licensed to Vallejo, California, United States, broadcasting the Spanish-language UniMás network to the San Francisco Bay Area. It is owned and operated by TelevisaUnivision alongside San Francisco–licensed Univision outlet KDTV-DT (channel 14). Both stations share studios on Zanker Road near the North San Jose Innovation District in San Jose, while KFSF's transmitter is located atop Sutro Tower in San Francisco.
History
The station first signed on the air on November 25, 1986, as KPST-TV. Founded by Millbrae-based Pan Pacific Television Inc., it originally maintained a part-time independent station format, consisting of a three-hour block of Mandarin language programming during prime time each night and programming from the Home Shopping Network (HSN) filling the remaining 20 hours of its daily schedule.
However, from the start, other companies competed for the Channel 66 license, even after Pan Pacific Television was awarded it by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). The most fervent competitor was Silver King Broadcasting, the broadcasting arm of HSN, which vied for the license for ten years after the station's sign-on. Shortly before KPST made its formal debut, Silver King announced that it would acquire the license. The deal was stalled for years until alleged improprieties by Pan Pacific cracked open the door for Silver King to try and take over the license. In 1989, the FCC opened an investigation into Pan Pacific Television over allegations that it intentionally declined to disclose its ownership by Chinese investors on its application, in violation of agency rules restricting foreign companies from maintaining an ownership interest in an American broadcast television or radio property higher than 25%.
With the likelihood that the company would have to undergo a hearing by the FCC Commissioner's Board regarding the issue, Pan Pacific also realized that the station was ripe for a possible takeover by other prospective licensees, citing a federal law that permitted minority-owned firms to be able to purchase local broadcast media properties that were under FCC investigation at a discount bid. The company chose to sell the KPST license to Channel 66 of Vallejo, a company founded by veteran media executive Barry Diller (who is Caucasian) and businessman Edward Whitehead (who is African American), the latter of whom held a 51% controlling interest in the company.
However, shortly after the transaction occurred, the District of Columbia Court of Appeals ruled that the FCC's rules giving preferential treatment to companies owned by minorities to allow them to acquire licenses under agency investigation were unconstitutional. As a result, the FCC rejected Whitehead's application. However, even though the U.S. Supreme Court decided to uphold the ruling by the D.C. Appeals Court when the case regarding the purchase discounts for minority firms was brought to a hearing in 1990, Whitehead and D
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason%20Spisak
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Jason Spisak () is an American actor, producer, computer programmer in animation and video games, and producer and founding member of Blackchalk Productions. He is also the co-leader of the Symphony OS Project and the designer of Symphony's unique Mezzo desktop environment and wrote the Laws of Interface Design, for which the project tries to adhere to in its designs. He was previously a co-founder of Lycoris.
Filmography
Voice over roles
Animation
Anime
Film
Video games
Live action roles
Television
Film
References
External links
KJZZ 91.5 FM – Stories by Jason Spisak
On Commuting to LA (April 12, 2005)
Searching for the Best Gas Prices (October 12, 2005)
Real estate coaster leaves one man in the dumps (April 28, 2006)
Jason Spisak on Squirrel Boy Premiere (July 14, 2006)
Seriously, not taking the news seriously. (October 6, 2006)
Spisak's "real" news (October 12, 2006)
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
Living people
Actors from Pennsylvania
American computer programmers
American male video game actors
American male voice actors
Open source people
1973 births
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SuperNova%20Early%20Warning%20System
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The SuperNova Early Warning System (SNEWS) is a network of neutrino detectors designed to give early warning to astronomers in the event of a supernova in the Milky Way, our home galaxy, or in a nearby galaxy such as the Large Magellanic Cloud or the Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy.
, SNEWS has not issued any supernova alerts. This is unsurprising, as supernovae appear to be rare: the most recent known supernova remnant in the Milky Way was around the turn of the 20th century, and the most recent Milky Way supernova confirmed to have been observed was Kepler's Supernova in 1604.
Powerful bursts of electron neutrinos (νe) with typical energies of the order of 10 MeV and duration of the order of 10 seconds are produced in the core of a red giant star as it collapses on itself via the "neutronization" reaction, i.e. fusion of protons and electrons into neutrons and neutrinos: p + e− → n + νe. It is expected that the neutrinos are emitted well before the light from the supernova peaks, so in principle neutrino detectors could give warning to astronomers that a supernova has occurred and may soon be visible. The neutrino pulse from supernova 1987A arrived 3 hours before the associated photons – but SNEWS was not yet active and it was not recognised as a supernova event until after the photons arrived.
Directional precision of approximately 5° is expected. SNEWS is not able to give warning of a type Ia supernova, as they are not expected to produce significant numbers of neutrinos. Type Ia supernovae, caused by a runaway nuclear fusion reaction in a white dwarf star, are thought to account for roughly one-third of all supernovae.
There are currently seven neutrino detector members of SNEWS: Borexino, Daya Bay, KamLAND, HALO, IceCube, LVD, and Super-Kamiokande. SNEWS began operation prior to 2004, with three members (Super-Kamiokande, LVD, and SNO). The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory is no longer active as it is being upgraded to its successor program SNO+.
The detectors send reports of a possible supernova to a computer at Brookhaven National Laboratory to identify a supernova. If the SNEWS computer identifies signals from two detectors within 10 seconds, the computer will send a supernova alert to observatories around the world to study the supernova. The SNEWS mailing list is open-subscription, and the general public is allowed to sign up; however, the SNEWS collaboration encourages amateur astronomers to instead use Sky and Telescope magazine's AstroAlert service, which is linked to SNEWS.
See also
Near-Earth supernova
History of supernova observation
Timeline of white dwarfs, neutron stars, and supernovae
Supernova nucleosynthesis
Supernova neutrinos
References
External links
Francis Reddy, "Time for SNEWS", Astronomy 3 June 2005
NOVA podcast about SNEWS (the same in MP3 format)
Particle experiments
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNP3
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Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3) is a set of communications protocols used between components in process automation systems. Its main use is in utilities such as electric and water companies. Usage in other industries is not common. It was developed for communications between various types of data acquisition and control equipment. It plays a crucial role in SCADA systems, where it is used by SCADA Master Stations (a.k.a. Control Centers), Remote Terminal Units (RTUs), and Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs). It is primarily used for communications between a master station and RTUs or IEDs. ICCP, the Inter-Control Center Communications Protocol (a part of IEC 60870-6), is used for inter-master station communications. Competing standards include the older Modbus protocol and the newer IEC 61850 protocol.
History
While IEC 60870-5 was still under development and had not been standardized, there was a need to create a standard that would allow interoperability between various vendors' SCADA components for the electrical grid. Thus, in 1993, GE-Harris Canada (formerly known as Westronic) used the partially completed IEC 60870-5 protocol specifications as the basis for an open and immediately implementable protocol that specifically catered to North American requirements. The protocol is designed to allow reliable communications in the adverse environments that electric utility automation systems are subjected to, being specifically designed to overcome distortion induced by electromagnetic interference (EMI), aging components (their expected lifetimes may stretch into decades), and poor transmission media.
Security
Because smart grid applications generally assume access by third parties to the same physical networks and underlying IP infrastructure of the grid, much work has been done to add Secure Authentication features to the DNP3 protocol. The DNP3 protocol is compliant with IEC 62351-5. Some vendors support encryption via bump-in-the-wire for serial communications or virtual private networks for Internet Protocol-based communications. One of the most popular bump-in-the-wire methods began originally as AGA-12 (American Gas Association) in 2003, later becoming IEEE Std. . This standard was subsequently withdrawn March 27, 2014.
The DNP3 protocol is also referenced in IEEE Std. IEEE 1379-2000, which recommends a set of best practices for implementing modern SCADA Master-RTU/IED communication links. These include not just encryption but other practices that enhance security against well known intrusion methods.
It is recommended to use DNP3 with TLS, Transport Layer Security, in accordance with IEC 62351-3.
Technical details
The DNP3 protocol has significant features that make it more robust, efficient, and interoperable than older protocols such as Modbus, at the cost of higher complexity.
In terms of the OSI model for networks, DNP3 specifies a layer 2 protocol. It provides multiplexing, data fragmentation, error checkin
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per-pixel%20lighting
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In computer graphics, per-pixel lighting refers to any technique for lighting an image or scene that calculates illumination for each pixel on a rendered image. This is in contrast to other popular methods of lighting such as vertex lighting, which calculates illumination at each vertex of a 3D model and then interpolates the resulting values over the model's faces to calculate the final per-pixel color values.
Per-pixel lighting is commonly used with techniques, such as blending, alpha blending, alpha to coverage, anti-aliasing, texture filtering, clipping, hidden-surface determination, Z-buffering, stencil buffering, shading, mipmapping, normal mapping, bump mapping, displacement mapping, parallax mapping, shadow mapping, specular mapping, shadow volumes, high-dynamic-range rendering, ambient occlusion (screen space ambient occlusion, screen space directional occlusion, ray-traced ambient occlusion), ray tracing, global illumination, and tessellation. Each of these techniques provides some additional data about the surface being lit or the scene and light sources that contributes to the final look and feel of the surface.
Most modern video game engines implement lighting using per-pixel techniques instead of vertex lighting to achieve increased detail and realism. The id Tech 4 engine, used to develop such games as Brink and Doom 3, was one of the first game engines to implement a completely per-pixel shading engine. All versions of the CryENGINE, Frostbite Engine, and Unreal Engine, among others, also implement per-pixel shading techniques.
Deferred shading is a recent development in per-pixel lighting notable for its use in the Frostbite Engine and Battlefield 3. Deferred shading techniques are capable of rendering potentially large numbers of small lights inexpensively (other per-pixel lighting approaches require full-screen calculations for each light in a scene, regardless of size).
History
While only recently have personal computers and video hardware become powerful enough to perform full per-pixel shading in real-time applications such as games, many of the core concepts used in per-pixel lighting models have existed for decades.
Frank Crow published a paper describing the theory of shadow volumes in 1977. This technique uses the stencil buffer to specify areas of the screen that correspond to surfaces that lie in a "shadow volume", or a shape representing a volume of space eclipsed from a light source by some object. These shadowed areas are typically shaded after the scene is rendered to buffers by storing shadowed areas with the stencil buffer.
Jim Blinn first introduced the idea of normal mapping in a 1978 SIGGRAPH paper. Blinn pointed out that the earlier idea of unlit texture mapping proposed by Edwin Catmull was unrealistic for simulating rough surfaces. Instead of mapping a texture onto an object to simulate roughness, Blinn proposed a method of calculating the degree of lighting a point on a surface should receive b
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt%20Welsh%20%28computer%20scientist%29
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Matthew David Welsh is a computer scientist and software engineer and is currently the CEO and co-founder of Fixie.ai, which he started after stints at Google, xnor.ai, and Apple. He was the Gordon McKay Professor of Computer Science at Harvard University and author of several books about the Linux operating system, several Linux HOWTOs, the LinuxDoc format and articles in the Linux Journal.
Education
Welsh is a 1992 graduate of the North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics.
Welsh received a Bachelor of Science degree from Cornell University in 1996 and Master of Science and PhD degrees from the University of California, Berkeley in 1999 and 2002, respectively. He spent the 1996–97 academic year at the University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory and at the University of Glasgow. His thesis was supervised by David Culler and Eric Brewer.
Career and research
Welsh has led teams at Google and Apple Inc., and served a Professor of Computer Science at Harvard University. In November 2010, five months after being granted tenure, Welsh announced that he was leaving Harvard.
The Social Network
Welsh taught the operating systems class at Harvard in which Mark Zuckerberg was a student. Welsh was later portrayed by actor Brian Palermo in the movie The Social Network featuring Zuckerberg and the founding of Facebook. Welsh was reportedly paid $200 for his Powerpoint slides used in the movie.
Publications
His publications include:
Running Linux
Linux Installation and Getting Started
The End of Programming
References
Cornell University alumni
UC Berkeley College of Engineering alumni
Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences faculty
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
American computer scientists
North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics alumni
Science bloggers
Google employees
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew%20Welsh
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Matthew or Matt Welsh may refer to:
Matt Welsh (born 1976), Australian swimmer
Matt Welsh (computer scientist), computer scientist and software engineer
Matthew E. Welsh (1912–1995), 41st governor of Indiana, from 1961 to 1965
Matthew E. Welsh Bridge on Ohio river, named after the above
Bust of Matthew E. Welsh, a 1996 public artwork by American artist Daniel Edwards
See also
Matt Welch (born 1968), American writer
Matt Walsh (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparse%20file
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In computer science, a sparse file is a type of computer file that attempts to use file system space more efficiently when the file itself is partially empty. This is achieved by writing brief information (metadata) representing the empty blocks to the data storage media instead of the actual "empty" space which makes up the block, thus consuming less storage space. The full block size is written to the media as the actual size only when the block contains "real" (non-empty) data.
When reading sparse files, the file system transparently converts metadata representing empty blocks into "real" blocks filled with null bytes at runtime. The application is unaware of this conversion.
Most modern file systems support sparse files, including most Unix variants and NTFS. Apple's HFS+ does not provide support for sparse files, but in OS X, the virtual file system layer supports storing them in any supported file system, including HFS+. Apple File System (APFS), announced in June 2016 at WWDC, also supports them. Sparse files are commonly used for disk images, database snapshots, log files and in scientific applications.
Advantages
The advantage of sparse files is that storage space is only allocated when actually needed: Storage capacity is conserved, and large files can occasionally be created even if insufficient free space for the original file is available on the storage media. This also reduces the time of the first write as the system does not have to allocate blocks for the "skipped" space. If the initial allocation requires writing all zeros to the space, it also keeps the system from having to write over the "skipped" space twice.
For example, a virtual machine image with max size of 100 GB that has 2 GB of files actually written would require the full 100 GB when backed by pre-allocated storage, yet only 2 GB on a sparse file. If the file system supports hole punching and the guest operating system issues TRIM commands, deleting files on the guest will accordingly reduce the space needed.
Disadvantages
Disadvantages are that sparse files may become fragmented; file system free space reports may be misleading; filling up file systems containing sparse files can have unexpected effects (such as disk-full or quota-exceeded errors when merely overwriting an existing portion of a file that happened to have been sparse); and copying a sparse file with a program that does not explicitly support them may copy the entire, uncompressed size of the file, including the zero sections which are not allocated on the storage media—losing the benefits of the sparse property in the file. Sparse files are also not fully supported by all backup software or applications. However, the VFS implementation sidesteps the prior two disadvantages. Loading executables on 32 bit Windows (exe or dll) which are sparse takes a much longer time since the file cannot be memory mapped in the limited 4 GB address space, and are not cached as there is no codepath for caching 3
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana%20Public%20Broadcasting
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Louisiana Public Broadcasting (LPB) is a state network of Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) member television stations serving the U.S. state of Louisiana. The stations are operated by the Louisiana Educational Television Authority, an agency created by the executive department of the Louisiana state government which holds the licenses for six of the seven PBS member stations licensed in the state. Louisiana Public Broadcasting's studio facilities and offices are located on Perkins Road in Baton Rouge.
The network serves most of the state outside Greater New Orleans. That market's PBS member station, WYES-TV (channel 12), is the only PBS station in Louisiana that is not associated with LPB; a noncommercial independent station there, WLAE-TV (channel 32), is part-owned by LPB in order to provide the market with the state network's news and public affairs programming.
History
Louisiana became one of the first states in the Deep South with an educational television station licensed to the state when KLSE signed on from Monroe on March 1, 1957. Louisiana State University professor Lucille Woodward had urged Governor Robert Kennon to create an Educational Television Commission as part of the State Department of Education, and KLSE was intended as the first station in a statewide educational television network along the lines of Alabama Educational Television (now Alabama Public Television). However, KLSE signed off the air in 1964. For the next eleven years, the only area of the state with a clear signal from a National Educational Television or PBS station was New Orleans, which was served by WYES-TV. That station had signed on one month after KLSE, but was separately owned and operated.
Woodward continued to urge the Louisiana State Legislature not to drop the idea of educational television service in the state during the 1960s. Finally, in 1971, the recently created Louisiana Educational Television Authority approved the money to build and sign on the stations. On September 6, 1975, WLPB-TV in Baton Rouge debuted as the state's first PBS member station outside New Orleans. Five more stations launched throughout the state, extending LPB's signal to portions of Arkansas, Mississippi and Texas: KLTM-TV in Monroe signed on in September 1976, followed by KLTS-TV in Shreveport in August 1978, KLPB-TV in Lafayette, KLTL-TV in Lake Charles in May 1981 and finally, KLPA-TV in Alexandria in July 1983.
In 1985, Shreveport native and longtime Baton Rouge resident Beth Courtney was named president and CEO of Louisiana Public Broadcasting, a capacity she remains in to this day. LPB began broadcasting in stereo in 1990. In 2001, LPB launched a cable-only channel, LPB Kids & You, on cable channel 11 in Baton Rouge. The channel, a predecessor to LPB 2, aired children's programming during prime time (atypical for PBS stations, which normally air children's programs only during the daytime hours) and adult and creative programs during the daytime hours. When PBS
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KTTU%20%28TV%29
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KTTU (channel 18) is a television station in Tucson, Arizona, United States, affiliated with MyNetworkTV. It is owned by Tegna Inc. alongside Fox affiliate KMSB (channel 11); Tegna maintains a shared services agreement (SSA) with Gray Television, owner of CBS affiliate KOLD-TV (channel 13), for the provision of studio space and technical services while maintaining control of programming and sales. The stations share studios on North Business Park Drive on the northwest side of Tucson (near the Casas Adobes neighborhood), while KTTU's transmitter is located atop Mount Bigelow.
Channel 18 was built by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson and began broadcasting at the end of 1984 as KDTU. The station, intended as a family-friendly outlet, proved to be a popular—but commercial—independent station, as well as a boondoggle for the diocese, which lost $15 million between 1984 and 1989 and unloaded it at a loss to Clear Channel Communications. The call sign was changed to KTTU-TV after the sale. Since 1991, KMSB and KTTU have been either commonly operated or owned.
History
Construction and diocesan ownership
In 1980, the Federal Communications Commission received four applications proposing new commercial television stations on channel 18 in Tucson. Tucson Telecasting, a subsidiary of McKinnon Broadcasting (one part-owner, Clinton D. McKinnon, had owned KVOA-TV from 1955 to 1962); National Group Telecommunications, whose owners were busy building KSTS in San Jose, California; and Alden Communications Group all made bids, as did the Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson. While the three companies, all with out-of-state interests, eyed independent stations that would primarily compete with regional independent KZAZ, the diocese was motivated to file an application because its own studies found that a cable television channel would reach fewer homes. Its application proposed mostly religious programming, and the diocese boasted that it would be the first in the country to directly own a television station.
The diocese almost dropped out months later when it indicated interest in noncommercial reserved channel 27. However, it stayed with the channel 18 application and, after a settlement agreement with McKinnon, came out the winner in March 1983. The call sign KDTU was chosen, and studios were built on North 6th Avenue in Tucson. Original proposals called for a station heavy on community involvement and also catering to the majority-Hispanic diocese. Fred Allison, a market veteran from KVOA, was tapped to help program the new station; the chief engineer was a priest, the Rev. Michael Bucciarelli. As it turned out, KDTU would be more secular than it had ever planned.
Tucson's independent television market was in the middle of rapid change. Nearly immediately after KDTU went on the air on December 31, 1984, in a debut marred by transmitter problems, Tucson got its second new station in a week: KPOL (channel 40). (The two stations shared the same transmitter si
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediEvil%3A%20Resurrection
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MediEvil: Resurrection is a 2005 gothic action-adventure game developed by SCE Cambridge Studio and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation Portable. It is a re-imagining of the first installment in the series, MediEvil. It was first released as a launch title in September 2005 in North America and Europe. The game is set in the medieval Kingdom of Gallowmere and centres around the charlatan protagonist, Sir Daniel Fortesque, as he makes an attempt to stop antagonist Zarok's invasion of the kingdom whilst simultaneously redeeming himself. The game also features a variety of voice talents, including Tom Baker as the narrator and the Grim Reaper.
Development of the game began in 2003 with the original intention of releasing the game for the PlayStation 2. Sony Computer Entertainment Europe commissioned SCE Cambridge Studio to develop a launch title for the PlayStation Portable. Due to time constraints, the Cambridge studio was given only a year to develop the game, thus they decided to remake the original MediEvil. The game was met with mixed reviews upon release, with critics mainly praising the game's humor, voice talent and graphics but was criticized for lack of innovation and cumbersome camera controls.
A port of the game for PS4 and PS5 was released for the PlayStation store on August 15, 2023.
Gameplay
Gameplay is similar to that of the original game in which players control Sir Daniel Fortesque as he travels through Gallowmere to stop the evil Zarok. Dan can utilize a variety of weapons, including close range weapons such as swords and axes to long ranged weapons such as throwing knives and crossbows. If Dan defeats enough enemies to collect the Chalice of Souls hidden throughout each level, he will be able to travel to the Hall of Heroes, where a legendary hero rewards him by giving him a new weapon or other helpful items. Dan possesses a single life bar throughout the game, which can be sustained by collecting Life Bottles throughout the game which can be replenished by energy vials and Life Fountains. The remastered version also includes some exclusive arcade-style minigames which can also be played over online multiplayer.
MediEvil: Resurrection features many alterations to the original structure and content, such as the addition of the "Anubis Stone" sub-plot which has never appeared in the original. Various levels and characters designs are altered drastically from the original, with some levels removed altogether. Resurrections altered plot is given a much more humorous and light-hearted setting as opposed to the Gothic horror-comedy of the first installment. Unlike the original, there is no alternate ending; Dan still ascends to the Hall of Heroes regardless of whether he collects all of the chalices or not.
Plot
In the year 1286, an evil sorcerer named Zarok plotted to take over the kingdom of Gallowmere with his undead army. It is told in legend that the King of Gallowmere's champion, Sir Daniel Fortesqu
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online%20counseling
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Online counseling is a form of professional mental health counseling that is generally performed through the internet. Computer aided technologies are used by the trained professional counselors and individuals seeking counseling services to communicate rather than conventional face-to-face interactions. Online counseling is also referred to as teletherapy, e-therapy, cyber therapy, or web counseling. Services are typically offered via email, real-time chat, and video conferencing. Some clients use online counseling in conjunction with traditional psychotherapy, or nutritional counseling. An increasing number of clients are using online counseling as a replacement for office visits.
While some forms of telepsychology and telepsychiatry have been available for over 35 years, the development of internet video chat systems and the continued increase of the market penetration for the broadband has resulted in the continuing growth of online therapy. Some clients are using videoconferencing, live chat and email services with a mental health professional in place of or in addition to face-to-face meetings.
History
One of the first demonstrations of the Internet was a simulated psychotherapy session between computers at Stanford and UCLA during the International Conference on Computer Communication in October 1972. Although this was a simulation and not actual counseling, the demonstration created an interest in the potential of online communication for counseling. As access to the internet, bulletin boards, and online services became more available in the 1980s, and online communication became more common, virtual self-help groups naturally developed. These self-help groups may be considered a precursor to online counseling. When the World Wide Web became public in the early 1990s and mental health professionals began to create websites offering mental health information, some began to receive requests for personal help and started to respond to these requests, leading to the advent of online counseling.
Information on sources related to online counseling was first created by Martha Ainsworth. In 1995, Martha Ainsworth began searching for a competent therapist because she had some psychological complaints. Her travel requirements made it difficult for her to consult a face-to-face therapist, and therefore, she needed an effective alternative online therapist. She only found a dozen web pages that offered online treatment for psychological complaints. Afterward, Martha Ainsworth wanted to reach the general public with her experiences and founded a clearinghouse for mental health websites, named Metanoia. By the year 2000, this clearinghouse contained over 250 websites of private practices and more than 700 online clinics where a therapist could be contacted.
According to metanoia.org, the first service to offer online mental healthcare was "Ask Uncle Ezra", created by staff of Cornell University in 1986 for students. By mid-1995 several fee-based
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KMSB
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KMSB (channel 11) is a television station in Tucson, Arizona, United States, affiliated with the Fox network. It is owned by Tegna Inc. alongside MyNetworkTV affiliate KTTU (channel 18); Tegna maintains a shared services agreement (SSA) with Gray Television, owner of CBS affiliate KOLD-TV (channel 13), for the provision of studio space and technical services and the production of local newscasts for KMSB. The stations share studios on North Business Park Drive on the northwest side of Tucson (near the Casas Adobes neighborhood). KMSB's lone transmitter is located atop Mount Bigelow; as a result of the transmitter's location, residents in the northern part of Tucson, Oro Valley, and Marana do not receive adequate reception of the station.
The station went on the air in 1967 as KZAZ, an independent station licensed to serve Nogales, Arizona, with a coverage area including Nogales and Tucson. Under the ownership of Roadrunner Television from 1976 to 1984, it developed into a homespun station with increased popularity and programming. Roadrunner sold the station to a company controlled by The Providence Journal Company in 1985; it affiliated with Fox in 1986. After producing local news programming in its first 14 years on air, local news was revived under Belo Corporation ownership in the 2000s. The station's separate local news department was dissolved when Belo entered into the SSA with KOLD-TV in 2011, with KOLD-TV producing several dedicated newscasts.
History
KZAZ
In 1962, channel 11 was added to the table of allocations for Nogales, Arizona. Two years later, in September 1964, the International Broadcasting Company—led by construction company official Ronald Waranch—applied to build a television station on the channel. The application brought protests from Tucson's three commercial television stations, who argued that the proposal constituted "just another Tucson TV channel, but originating in Nogales"—with negative consequences for their businesses; KVOA-TV also fretted about the loss of its translator, on channel 11, used to fill in coverage gaps on Tucson's northwest side. The transmitter would be located on Mount Hopkins, specifically at a distance from a new astronomical observatory to be built by the Smithsonian Institution, under plans approved by the United States Forest Service.
International Broadcasting Company was approved for a construction permit by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) on April 13, 1966. In Tucson, IBC purchased a former Safeway supermarket on Tucson Blvd. to serve as its studios and offices; meanwhile, Leo and Lester Ziffren, prominent Los Angeles attorneys, and entertainer Danny Thomas joined as limited partners, as would Monty Hall and Stefan Hatos. Programming began on February 1, 1967; The station aired movies in both English and Spanish, dramas, sitcoms, bull fights, cartoons, and other general entertainment fare. It had a local news department and newscast. A Nogales studio in the ballroom of the
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-12%3A%20Final%20Resistance
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C-12: Final Resistance is a third-person shooter video game developed by SCE Cambridge Studio and published by Sony Computer Entertainment exclusively for the PlayStation.
The story is set in the future, as aliens have invaded in an attempt to harvest all of Earth's carbon resources (C-12 is a reference to 12C, the most abundant Isotopes of carbon). The player uses Lieutenant Riley Vaughan, a cybernetic human soldier, and member of the underground resistance. The player undertakes missions played out in a third-person view, killing aliens and cyborgs, collecting weapons and keys, and the like.
Plot
The game opens up at a ruined city as a Resistance dropship drops off Lieutenant Riley Vaughan to locate an attacked outpost and a missing recon team. He does this with relative ease, finding the outposts wounded soldiers and the recon team. The recon team gives him a detonator and the outpost soldiers give him some explosives. He uses the explosives to clear away a roadblock however the explosion set something off and he continues along his path. During his mission he is periodically updated by Colonel Grisham and Doctor Carter, before the mission Dr. Carter installed an alien optical implant connected to an imaging unit in Vaughan that has the ability to detect enemies and give information about them.
Riley discovers that the explosion set off an alien tank and has alerted several cyborgs in the area. He proceeds to fight the alien tank and destroys it but Col. Grisham tells him that the resistances hidden bunker has been discovered and that is under alien attack. A dropship comes and liftoffs Vaughan to the bunker. Riley discovers that the bunker is under heavy fire and that evacuation are under way. After fighting his way into the bunker Vaughan gets a radio message that the aliens are tracking down their escaping transports however the only ones that knew the GPS code are both dead: General Hammond and Major Carter. Vaughan activates a radar so that they can track the escaping transports to make sure that they are on the right path. Col. Grisham tells Vaughan that they are going to activate the bunkers self-destruct system but to do that they need General Hammond's nerve implant and tell Vaughan to go retrieve it in the medical bay. Riley discovers that the medical bay is full of droids and cyborgs and fights his way through to the cryo-tubes where the body of General Hammond is. He gets the implant and finds Col. Grisham and Dr. Carter where they scan the implant and activate the self-destruct for T-2 minutes. Vaughan escapes the exploding bunker and finds himself on the streets again. He gets a radio message from Dr. Carter to help any stranded transport or anybody who needs it.
Riley battles an alien flier but bests it, he finds a downed transport and helps it reach the second bunker. A little later a flier attacks Vaughan and chases him inside a mall which used to be a resistance stronghold. Inside the auto-defenses activate and lock down t
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natalise
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Natalise (born Robin Nathalis Chow, on September 27, 1985) is an American singer-songwriter. Natalise has been featured on television networks such as the WB, UPN, CBS, ABC, and MTV. She is also known for her appearances in The New York Times, Blender, and Maxim.
Natalise's first single "Love Goes On" from the album Forever Now was made popular when it aired on San Francisco's KYLD, Wild 94.9. Her subsequent singles "Wonderful" and "Enough" also received airplay on San Francisco's pop/adult AC station Alice 97.3. Natalise's second album I Came to Play received awards for Best Dance CD, Best Produced, Best Video by a Female, and Best Dance Song by Muse's Muse. Natalise was also voted "Girlfriend of the Day" in August 2008 by Maxim and "Video of the Week" by Blender.com. Many of Natalise's songs, including "The Hotness" and "I Came to Play" were heard on various MTV programs, such as "Yo Momma," "My Super Sweet Sixteen," and "Next." She was also heard on "Degrassi: The Next Generation" and "One Tree Hill."
Natalise has performed at various Los Angeles iconic venues, such as the House of Blues, the Roxy, and the Viper Room. She has also sung the National Anthem for the Golden State Warriors on many occasions.
Career
Natalise started taking piano lessons when she was 3, dance at 7, and went on to study at the San Francisco Conservatory of Music, focusing on Opera and Musical Theatre from the age of eight to 14. During her early teens, she also sang in her church choir, as well as traveled and competed as a jazz singer with her high school band.
Natalise attended Stanford University, graduating with high-honors in three years with a degree in Communication with a focus in Journalism. She also received her MBA from Stanford Graduate School of Business.
Natalise resides in Los Angeles.
Discography
Albums
Forever Now (2003)
I Came to Play (2005)
Singles
"Love Goes On" (2003)
"Wonderful" (2003)
"Enough" (2006)
"Open Me" (2011)
References
External links
Natalise's Official Site
Natalise's Official YouTube Channel
Living people
American women singer-songwriters
Stanford Graduate School of Business alumni
Singers from San Francisco
Songwriters from San Francisco
Stanford University School of Humanities and Sciences alumni
Singer-songwriters from California
21st-century American women
1985 births
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erie%20Insurance%20Group
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Erie Insurance Group, based in Erie, Pennsylvania, is a property and casualty insurance company offering auto, home, business and life insurance through a network of independent insurance agents. , Erie Insurance Group is ranked 347th on the 2021 Fortune 500 list of largest American corporations, based on total revenue for the 2020 fiscal year.
Rated A+ (Superior) by A.M. Best, ERIE has more than 6 million policies in force and operates in 12 states and the District of Columbia, including Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia and Wisconsin. It also owns the naming rights to the Erie Insurance Arena in downtown Erie, Pennsylvania.
History
Erie Insurance Exchange began in 1925 when two salesman for the Pennsylvania Indemnity Exchange, H.O. Hirt and O.G. Crawford, left to create their own insurance company. In three months and 20 days, the two convinced 90 stockholders to invest using a hand-written business plan, raising $31,000 to begin their own auto insurance company.
The Pennsylvania Insurance Department issued a license to the Erie Insurance Exchange as an automobile insurer, beginning operations on April 20, 1925. Erie Insurance Exchange was formed as a reciprocal and Erie Indemnity Company was formed as its managing company. The annual premium charge per auto was $34.
Co-founder H.O. Hirt hoped to create a company built on service, developing the mantra "The ERIE is Above all in SERvIcE," with the letters "E-R-I-E" raised out of the word service. Customers, who were encouraged to call the company collect, could even expect the cofounders to answer the phone themselves. The company's first adjuster and full-time claims manager, Sam P. Black Jr., had a phone extension installed in his room at the local YMCA, offering 24-hour service to policyholders.
Erie Insurance created a type of auto policy in 1934 named the "Super Standard Auto Policy," that was used as a model for other insurance companies across the county. The policy included extra coverage not seen in other policies during the 1930s such as "Drive Other Car" coverage and waiving collision deductibles between two ERIE-insured vehicles. The company later expanded into home, business and life insurance.
The company had an office only in Erie until 1928 when it expanded into Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Its footprint continued to expand, reaching outside of Pennsylvania and opening a branch campus in
Silver Spring, Maryland, in 1953.
Notable dates in company history:
Companies
Company Subsidiaries
Erie Insurance Property & Casualty Company
Flagship City Insurance Company
Erie Insurance Company
Erie Insurance Company of New York
Erie Family Life Insurance Company
Logo
Erie Insurance corporate mark includes the company's name with a graphic of the cupola from the H.O. Hirt Building located in Erie, Pennsylvania. This design was introduced in the '90s, and updated in 2005.
Sales
Erie Insurance sells i
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BlueMSX
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blueMSX is a portable open-source MSX emulator that uses an emulation model to achieve the highest level of accuracy possible. It is available for the Microsoft Windows operating system and is ported to multiple other systems. It has been translated into 14 different languages. blueMSX includes a powerful debugger with support for several assembly formats and a machine configuration editor that allows advanced users to set up practically any MSX computer system ever made.
History
blueMSX was initially released in 2003 and soon became one of the most accurate and user friendly emulators.
Like many other MSX emulators, blueMSX started as a clone of fMSX. The feature that made the first release, in November 2003, unique to the MSX emulator scene at the time, was the addition of monitor simulation. This feature made the video output look like an old TV or a monitor.
Initially, blueMSX's emulation was quite poor and suffered from the same limitations and flaws as its mother fMSX. However, during the first year the development focused on improving and replacing the misbehaving emulation code, as well as redesigning the software architecture. With better architecture, emulation of new devices became easier, and wasn't very long before most audio devices and ROM types were supported.
In August 2004 blueMSX became the first MSX emulator to support skins.
In November 2004, blueMSX was finally 100% free of fMSX code. The November release was also a big milestone since it brought support for the Turbo-R, the last MSX produced. On top of that, it was the first release that included emulation for the ColecoVision and the Spectravideo SV-328.
Since the November 2004 milestone, developer focus has been on improving the user interface and emulation accuracy, as well as extending the emulation to include more exotic devices such as the Konami Keyboard Master, an unreleased speech synthesis ROM.
The emulation core was extended to support any Z80 based computer systems and is now supporting multiple systems, such as SG-1000, Spectravideo, and ColecoVision.
Later additions to the emulation include support for digitizers, IDE and SCSI hard drives, and emulation of the extensions in the Yamaha CX5-M music computer.
A big effort to make the emulator portable to other platforms started in 2007 and since then the emulator has been ported to multiple other systems. The current architecture of the emulator makes it easy to compile to any system with a c compiler and does not depend on any graphics, audio, or user input libraries.
Feature highlights
The emulation engine in blueMSX is cycle accurate, which means that the timing and synchronization between emulated hardware components appear the same as on a real MSX. The goal is to replicate each individual component as accurately as possible, which means that the emulator requires a more high end PC than emulators optimized for speed.
Most hardware released for the MSX system is emulated and the emulator includes
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probe%20%28Philippine%20TV%20program%29
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Probe Profiles (formerly known as Probe, The Probe Team and The Probe Team Documentaries) is a Philippine documentary television show broadcast by ABS-CBN, GMA Network and ABC. Hosted by Cheche Lazaro, it premiered on March 6, 1987. The show concluded on June 30, 2010.
Controversy
Due to a controversy surrounding one of its features which involved a Philippine government official close to former President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo in 2003, its contract with GMA Network was terminated. The show moved to ABC, and renamed the show The Probe Team Documentaries.
Hosts
Cheche Lazaro
Cecilia Lazaro - Host, Founder and President of Probe
Maria Ressa - former CNN Jakarta Bureau Chief; former Vice President for News and Current Affairs, ABS-CBN; News Chief, Rappler.com
Luchi Cruz-Valdes - Vice President for News and Information, TV5
Nessa Valdellon - Vice President for GMA News and Public Affairs
David Celdran - News Director and Anchor, ANC; PCIJ
Manny Ayala - National Geographic Channel Singapore
Apa Ongpin - former ABS-CBN News Lifestyle Reporter & also former cast member in a sitcom, Palibhasa Lalake
Ditsi Carolino - Documentarist
Marga Ortigas - Former GMA 7 News Anchor & Currently as Manila Bureau Chief, AlJazeera
Angie Ramos- Producer, Reuters Singapore
Karen Davila - Anchor, Bandila and Host, Ako Ang Simula (ABS-CBN); Host, Headstart (ANC)
Pauline Mangilog-Saltarin - Creative Director, Jesuit Communications Foundation; Contributing Producer, Caldecott Productions/NHK Japan
Jessica Domingo Lara - Producer, Lakbay TV; freelance writer, OffTheGridNews.com (USA)
Ruben Canlas - Professor and IT Management Consultant
Carol Gancia - Executive Producer / CEO - Ripplemakers, Inc.; CEO - Sikat Naturals; Filmmaker/Writer - Ripplemakerstv.com; Producer - Google, Inc.; Associate Producer - KQED TV San Francisco; Executive Producer - I-Witness (GMA 7)
Angelina Cantada - Independent Filmmaker, Executive Producer, I-Witness (GMA 7)
Tony Velasquez - Anchor, ANC and Headline Pilipinas (DZMM TeleRadyo)
Twink Macaraig - Anchor, AksyonTV
Howie Severino - Host, I-Witness (GMA 7); Editor-in-Chief, GMANews.tv; PCIJ; Anchor, News to Go (GMA News TV)
Love Añover - Host, Unang Hirit and Lovely Day (GMA 7)
Jay Cesora Orense - Former Executive Producer for various GMA Public Affairs shows, Author "Silence Speaks", Program Manager TV5 News and Information or News5
Bernadette Sembrano - Former Anchor, TV Patrol Weekend and Current host, Salamat Dok and Umagang Kay Ganda (ABS-CBN)
Pinky Webb - Anchor, ANC and TV Patrol Weekend and Host, XXX; CNN Philippines
Eliza Zamora-Solis - Former Executive Producer, I-Witness and Case Unclosed (GMA 7); Senior Correspondent TV5 News and Information, Editorial Consultant, Insider (TV5)
Ella Evangelista - Program Manager, GMA 7 Public Affairs
Karen Lumbo - Program Manager, GMA 7 Public Affairs
JM Cobarrubias - Program Manager, GMA 7 Public Affairs
Michaela Cabrera - Fulbright Scholar at Columbia University; Produce
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afton%20Township%2C%20Brookings%20County%2C%20South%20Dakota
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Afton Township is a township in Brookings County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 224 in the 2000 census.
References
External links
Detailed profile, city-data.com
Townships in Brookings County, South Dakota
Townships in South Dakota
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honeywell%20200
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The Honeywell 200 was a character-oriented two-address commercial computer introduced by Honeywell in December 1963, the basis of later models in Honeywell 200 Series, including 1200, 1250, 2200, 3200, 4200 and others, and the character processor of the Honeywell 8200 (1968).
Introduced to compete with IBM's 1401, the H200 was two or three times faster and, with software support, most of the time could execute IBM 1401 programs without need for their recompilation or reassembly. The Liberator marketing campaign exploited this compatibility, and was credited in later Honeywell publicity statements with stalling the sales of IBM 1401 machines. Honeywell claimed an initial rush of hundreds of orders for the H200 that itself stalled when IBM countered with a marketing emphasis on their System 360 product range that was then under development.
Architecture
As designed by Director of Engineering William L. Gordon, the H200 memory consisted of individually addressed characters, each composed of six data bits, two punctuation bits and a parity bit. The two punctuation bits recorded a word mark and an item mark, while both being set constituted a record mark. The item bit permitted item moves and record moves in addition to word moves (move successive characters one-by-one starting at the addresses given in the instruction, stopping when the relevant punctuation mark was found set in either field).
An instruction consisted of a one-character op-code, up to two operand addresses and an optional single character variant. Usually the op-code character would be word-marked, confirming the end of the previous instruction. An item-marked op-code would be handled differently from normal, and this was used in the emulation of IBM 1401 instructions that were not directly compatible. In two-character address mode, the full address defined one character in the 4K block currently addressed by the relevant register. In three-character address mode, the first three bits of an operand address could designate one of six index registers that occupied the first 24 addressable memory locations. The other two possible bit patterns indicated no indexing (000), or indirect addressing (111). In four-character address mode, the whole installed memory (up to 512K on a Model 4200) was directly addressable, and in addition, the top 5 bits of each address could specify direct addressing, indirect addressing, or indexed addressing via two sets of 15 4-character registers; in a program running in protected mode both sets were the same, located in the first 60 locations of the memory area to which the program was relocated.
A Change Address Mode (CAM) instruction switched between 2-, 3- and 4-character address modes.
The address mode specified the number of characters needed for each operand address in instructions.
A Change Sequence Mode (CSM) instruction exchanged the contents of the instruction counter and of a Change Sequence Register (two register of Control memory, sligh
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemstone%20%28disambiguation%29
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A gemstone is a piece of mineral crystal or rock used to make jewelry or other adornments.
Gemstone or gemstones may also refer to:
Gemstone (database), or GemStone/S, commercial software by GemStone Systems
GemStone IV, GemStone III and GemStone II, multiplayer online role-playing video games
Gemstone Publishing, an American company
Gemstones (album) by Adam Green, 2005
Gemstones (rapper) (Demarco Lamonte Castle, born 1981)
Operation Gemstone, a planned series of clandestine acts leading to the Watergate burglary
See also
Gem (disambiguation)
Gems (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sawara-ku%2C%20Fukuoka
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is one of the wards in Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka-ken, Kyūshū, Japan.
Data
Population: 213,178 people (as of January 1, 2012)
Area: 95.88 square kilometers (the largest in Fukuoka-shi)
History
On April 1, 1889, Fukuoka-shi was founded. The northeastern part of Sawara-gun (早良郡) was merged into Fukuoka-shi.
On April 1, 1972, Fukuoka-shi was designated as a government ordinance city. Fukuoka-shi was subdivided into five wards: Hakata-ku, Chūō-ku, Higashi-ku, Minami-ku and the former Nishi-ku. The area of Sawara-ku was the central part of the former Nishi-ku.
On March 1, 1975, Sawara-machi (早良町) was merged into Fukuoka-shi.
On May 10, 1982, the former Nishi-ku was subdivided into three wards: Sawara-ku, Jōnan-ku and Nishi-ku. Sawara-ku was named after what had been the central part of Sawara-gun.
Places
Momochihama (百道浜): Fukuoka Tower, Fukuoka City Museum, Fukuoka City Library
Nishijin (西新): Nishijin Praliva
Fujisaki (藤崎): Sawara Ward Office, Fukuoka Prefecture Sawara Police Station, Fujisaki Bus Terminal
Hara (原): Aeon Hara
Noke (野芥)
Higashiirube (東入部): Sawara Ward Irube Branch Office
Schools
Universities and colleges
Seinan Gakuin University at Nishijin
Fukuoka Dental College at Tamura (田村)
Other schools
Seinan Gakuin Junior and Senior High School at Momochihama
Fukuoka Prefecture Shūyūkan High School at Nishijin
Fukuoka International School at Momochi (百道)
Fukuoka Prefecture Kōrinkan High School (the former Nishifukuoka High School) at Arita (有田)
Stations
Fukuoka City Subway Kūkō Line: Nishijin, Fujisaki, Muromi (室見)
Fukuoka City Subway Nanakuma Line: Noke, Kamo (賀茂), Jirōmaru (次郎丸)
Avenues and streets
National
Route 202 (Imajuku-shindō)
Route 202 Bypass (Fukuoka Sotokanjō-dōro)
Route 263 (Sawara-gaidō (早良街道))
Prefectural
Route 49
Route 56
Route 136
Route 558 (Hara-dōri, the former Sawara-kaidō (旧早良街道))
Route 559 (Imajuku-shindō)
Municipal
Chiyo-Imajuku Line (Meiji-dōri)
Nishijin-Arae Line (Sawara-gaidō)
Rivers
Muromi-gawa (室見川)
Kanakuzu-gawa (金屑川)
Aburayama-gawa (油山川)
External links
Wards of Fukuoka
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITA%20Software
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ITA Software is a travel industry software division of Google, formerly an independent company, in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The company was founded by Jeremy Wertheimer, a computer scientist from the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and Cooper Union, with his partner Richard Aiken in 1996. On July 1, 2010, ITA agreed to be acquired by Google. On April 8, 2011, the US Department of Justice approved the buyout. As part of the agreement, Google was required to license ITA software to other websites for five years.
History
ITA's first product was an airfare search and pricing system called QPX. This system has been and is used by travel companies such as Bing Travel, CheapTickets, Kayak.com, and Orbitz, and by airlines such as Alitalia, American, ANA, Cape Air, Delta Air Lines, United Airlines, US Airways, and Virgin Atlantic. ITA also hosts its own airfare search website based on QPX, called "Matrix", although it is not possible to buy tickets from it.
ITA was known for using programming puzzles to attract and evaluate potential employees since 2001. Some of these puzzles have appeared in ads on Boston's MBTA subway system. ITA is also one of the highest-profile companies to base their software on Common Lisp.
In January 2006, ITA received $100 million in venture capital money from a syndicate of five investment firms led by Battery Ventures, marking the largest investment in a software firm in New England in five years.
In September 2006, ITA announced a several million dollar deal with Air Canada to develop a new computer reservations system to power its reservations, inventory control, seat availability, check-in, and airport operations.
In August 2009, Air Canada announced that the project had been suspended.
In July 2010, Google announced the acquisition of ITA for $700 million in cash, subject to DOJ review and approval. On April 8, 2011, the US Dept. of Justice and Google reached an agreement in terms to allow the purchase and dismiss a potential antitrust lawsuit.
On March 1, 2012, Google and Cape Air announced that Cape Air had migrated to ITA Software's passenger service system (PSS). One year later, Google announced that it was discontinuing the PSS.
In 2013, Google started offering a simplified API to QPX called QPX Express; it was discontinued on April 10, 2018.
See also
Google Flights
List of global distribution systems (computer reservation systems)
References
External links
1996 establishments in Massachusetts
Software companies based in Massachusetts
Travel and holiday companies of the United States
Airline tickets
Business software companies
Travel technology
Common Lisp (programming language) software
Companies based in Cambridge, Massachusetts
Google acquisitions
American companies established in 1996
Hospitality companies established in 1996
Software companies established in 1996
2011 mergers and acquisitions
Software companies of the United States
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat%20Hayes
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Patrick John Hayes FAAAI (born 21 August 1944) is a British computer scientist who lives and works in the United States. , he is a senior research scientist at the Institute for Human and Machine Cognition in Pensacola, Florida.
Education
Hayes was educated at the Bentley Grammar School, Calne. He studied the Cambridge Mathematical Tripos and received a Bachelor of Arts degree in mathematics from the University of Cambridge and a PhD in artificial intelligence on the topic of 'Semantic trees: New foundations for automatic theorem-proving' from the University of Edinburgh.
Career and research
Hayes has been an active, prolific, and influential figure in artificial intelligence for over five decades. He has a reputation for being provocative but also quite humorous.
One of his earliest publications, with John McCarthy, was the first thorough statement of the basis for the AI field of logical knowledge representation, introducing the notion of situation calculus, representation and reasoning about time, fluents, and the use of logic for representing knowledge in a computer.
Hayes next major contribution was the seminal work on the Naive Physics Manifesto, which anticipated the expert systems movement in many ways
and called for researchers in AI to actually try to represent knowledge in computers. Although not the first to mention the word "ontology" in computer science (that distinction belongs to John McCarthy ), Hayes was one of the first to actually do it, and inspired an entire generation of researchers in knowledge engineering, logical formalisations of commonsense reasoning, and ontology.
In the middle of the 1990s, while serving as president of the AAAI, Hayes began a series of attacks on critics of AI, mostly phrased in an ironic light, and (together with his colleague Kenneth Ford) invented an award named after Simon Newcomb to be given for the most ridiculous argument "disproving" the possibility of AI. The Newcomb Awards are announced in the AI Magazine published by AAAI.
At the turn of the century he became active in the Semantic Web community, contributing substantially (perhaps solely) to the revised semantics of RDF known as RDF-Core, one of the three designers (along with Peter Patel-Schneider and Ian Horrocks) of the Web Ontology Language semantics, and most recently contributed to SPARQL. He is also, along with philosopher Christopher Menzel the primary designer of the ISO Common Logic standard.
Hayes has served as secretary of AISB, chairman and trustee of IJCAI, associate editor of Artificial Intelligence, a governor of the Cognitive Science Society and president of American Association for Artificial Intelligence. Hayes is a charter Fellow of AAAI and of the Cognitive Science Society
According to his website, his current research interests include "knowledge representation and automatic reasoning, especially the representation of space and time; the semantic web; ontology design; and the philosophical foundations of
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common%20Image%20Generator%20Interface
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The Common Image Generator Interface (CIGI) (pronounced sig-ee), is an on-the-wire data protocol that allows communication between an Image Generator and its host simulation. The interface is designed to promote a standard way for a host device to communicate with an image generator (IG) within the industry.
CIGI enables plug-and-play by standard-compliant image generator vendors and reduces integration costs when upgrading visual systems.
Background
Most high-end simulators do not have everything running on a single machine the way popular home software Flight Simulators are currently implemented. The airplane model is run on one machine, normally referred to as the host, and the out the window visuals or scene graph program is run on another, usually referred to as an Image Generator (IG). Frequently there are multiple IGs required to display the surrounding environment created by a host. CIGI is the interface between the 'host' and the IGs.
The main goal of CIGI is to capitalize on previous investments through the use of a common interface. CIGI is designed to assist suppliers and integrators of IG systems with ease of integration, code reuse, and overall cost reduction.
In the past most image generators provided their own proprietary interface; every host had to implement that interface making changing image generators a costly ordeal. CIGI was created to standardize the interface between the host and the image generator so that little modification would be needed to switch image generators. The CIGI initiative was largely spearheaded by The Boeing Company during the early 21st century.
The latest version of CIGI (CIGI 4.0) was developed by the Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization (SISO) in the form of SISO-STD-013-2014, Standard for Common Image Generator Interface (CIGI), Version 4.0, dated 22 August 2014. SISO-STD-013-2014 is freely available from SISO.
Definitions
Image generator – In this context an image generator consists of one or more rendering channels that produce an image that can be used to visualize an “Out-The-Window” scene, or images produced by various sensor simulations such as Infra-red, Day TV, Electro-Optical, and Night Vision.
Host simulation – In this context a “Host” is the computational system that provides information about the device being simulated so that the image generator can portray the correct scenery to the user. This information is passed via CIGI to the image generator.
Maturation
CIGI 4 is the latest version of the standard as was approved by the Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization on August 22, 2014. CIGI became an international SISO standard known as SISO-STD-013-2014; which contains the CIGI version 4.0 Interface Control Document (ICD).
CIGI 4.0 is the official standard, published by SISO. Previous versions of CIGI were spearheaded by Boeing include CIGI v3.3, in November 2008, v3.2 April 2006, v3.1 June 2004, v3 November 2003, v2 in March 2002, and the
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jensen%27s%20device
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Jensen's device is a computer programming technique that exploits call by name. It was devised by Danish computer scientist Jørn Jensen, who worked with Peter Naur at Regnecentralen. They worked on the GIER ALGOL compiler, one of the earliest correct implementations of ALGOL 60. ALGOL 60 used call by name. During his Turing Award speech, Naur mentions his work with Jensen on GIER ALGOL.
Description
Jensen's device exploits call by name and side effects. Call by name is an argument passing convention that delays the evaluation of an argument until it is actually used in the procedure, which is a consequence of the copy rule for procedures. ALGOL introduced call by name.
A classic example of Jensen's device is a procedure that computes the sum of a series, :
real procedure Sum(k, l, u, ak)
value l, u;
integer k, l, u;
real ak;
comment k and ak are passed by name;
begin
real s;
s := 0;
for k := l step 1 until u do
s := s + ak;
Sum := s
end;
In the procedure, the index variable k and summation term ak are passed by name. Call by name enables the procedure to change the value of the index variable during execution of the for loop. Call by name also causes the ak argument to be reevaluated during each iteration of the loop. Typically, ak will depend upon the changing (side-effected) k.
For example, code to compute the sum of the first 100 terms of a real array V[] would be:
Sum(i, 1, 100, V[i]).
During the execution of Sum, the actual argument i will increment during each step of the for loop, and each of the procedure's evaluations of ak will use the current value of i to access the successive array elements V[i].
Jensen's device is general. A double summation can be done as:
Sum(i, l, m, Sum(j, l, n, A[i,j]))
The Sum function can be employed for arbitrary functions merely by employing the appropriate expressions. If a sum of integers were desired the expression would be just Sum(i,1,100,i);, if a sum of squares of integers, then Sum(i,1,100,i*i);, and so on. A slight variation would be suitable for initiating a numerical integration of an expression by a method very similar to that of Sum.
The evaluation of ak is implemented with a thunk, which is essentially a subroutine with an environment. The thunk is a closure with no arguments. Each time a procedure needs the value of its formal argument, it simply calls the thunk. The thunk evaluates the actual argument in the scope of the calling code (not the scope of the procedure).
In the absence of this pass-by-name facility, it would be necessary to define functions embodying those expressions to be passed according to the protocols of the computer language, or to create a compendium function along with some arrangement to select the desired expression for each usage.
GPS
Another example is GPS (General Problem Solver), described in D. E. Knuth and J. N. Merner's ALGOL 60 confidential.
real procedure GPS(I,
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watcom%20C/C%2B%2B
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Watcom C/C++ (currently Open Watcom C/C++) is an integrated development environment (IDE) product from Watcom International Corporation for the C, C++, and Fortran programming languages. Watcom C/C++ was a commercial product until it was discontinued, then released under the Sybase Open Watcom Public License as Open Watcom C/C++. It features tools for developing and debugging code for DOS, OS/2, and Windows, Linux operating systems, which are based upon x86, IA-32, x86-64 compatible processors.
History
Though no longer sold commercially by Sybase, the Watcom C/C++ compiler and the Watcom Fortran compiler have been made available free of charge as the Open Watcom package.
Stable version 1.9 was released in June 2010.
A forked version 2.0 beta was released that supports 64-bit hosts (Windows and Linux), built-in text editor, 2-phase build system, and the DOS version supports long filenames (LFN).
Release history
The Open Watcom Wiki has a comprehensive history.
License
The Open Source Initiative has approved the license as open source, but Debian, Fedora and the Free Software Foundation have rejected it because "It requires you to publish the source code publicly whenever you “Deploy” the covered software, and “Deploy” is defined to include many kinds of private use."
Design
The compiler can be operated from, and generate executable code for, the DOS, OS/2, Windows, Linux operating systems. It also supports NLM targets for Novell NetWare. There is ongoing work to extend the targeting to Linux and modern BSD (e.g., FreeBSD) operating systems, running on x86, PowerPC, and other processors.
The code is portable and, like many other open source compiler projects such as GCC or LCC the compiler backend (code generator) is retargetable.
Uses
In the mid-1990s some of the most technically ambitious DOS computer games such as Doom, Descent, Duke Nukem 3D, Rise of the Triad, and Tomb Raider were built using Watcom C/C++ using the DOS/4GW protected mode extender with the Watcom compiler.
It was used to port the game Retro City Rampage to DOS in 2015.
It is used by VirtualBox to compile the BIOS.
Current development for FreeDOS requires that all C source code must be compilable by Open Watcom C.
Open Watcom is the recommended compiler for application and driver development for the OS/2-based ArcaOS operating system.
Variants
There is an unofficial fork of Open Watcom V2 on GitHub. A variant of the 16bit DOS CRT library startup was created with WASM.
Compatibility
Open Watcom's syntax supports many conventions introduced by other compilers, such as Microsoft's and Borland's, including differing conventions regarding (for instance) the number of leading underscores on the "asm" tag. Code written specifically for another compiler rather than standard-compliant C or C++ will often compile with the Watcom compiler.
The compiler supports C89/C90 standards by default.
Open Watcom supports partial compatibility with the C99 standard. It implements t
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quirks%20mode
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In computing, quirks mode is a technique used by some web browsers for the sake of maintaining backward compatibility with web pages designed for old web browsers instead of strictly complying with W3C and IETF standards in standards mode. This behavior has since been codified in the standard, so what was previously standards mode is now referred to as simply no quirks mode.
Overview
The structure and appearance of a web page is described by a combination of two standardized languages:
HTML, a markup language designed for web use, which describes the structure and content of the page; and
CSS, a generalized stylesheet language, which specifies how the page should be rendered in various media (visual styles for screen display, print styles to use when printing the page, aural styles to use when the page is read aloud by a screen reader, etc.).
However, most older web browsers either did not fully implement the specifications for these languages or were developed prior to the finalization of the specifications (Microsoft Internet Explorer version 5.0 for the Macintosh platform, released in 2000, was the first major web browser with full support for CSS Level 1, for example). As a result, many older web pages were constructed to rely upon the older browsers' incomplete or incorrect implementations, and will only render as intended when handled by such a browser.
Support for standardized HTML and CSS in major web browsers has increased significantly, but the large body of legacy documents which rely on the quirks of older browsers represents an obstacle for browser developers, who wish to improve their support for standardized HTML and CSS, but also wish to maintain backward compatibility with older, non-standardized pages. Additionally, many new web pages continue to be created in the older fashion, since the compatibility workarounds introduced by browser developers mean that an understanding of standardized methods is not strictly necessary.
To maintain compatibility with the greatest possible number of web pages, modern web browsers are generally developed with multiple rendering modes: in "no quirks mode" pages are rendered according to the HTML and CSS specifications, while in "quirks mode" attempts are made to emulate the behavior of older browsers. Some browsers (those based on Mozilla's Gecko rendering engine, or Internet Explorer 8 in strict mode, for example) also use an "almost standards" mode which attempts to compromise between the two, implementing one quirk for table cell sizing while otherwise conforming to the specifications.
Mode differences and examples
One prominent difference between quirks and no-quirks modes is the handling of the CSS Internet Explorer box model bug. Before version 6, Internet Explorer used an algorithm for determining the width of an element's box which conflicted with the algorithm detailed in the CSS specification, and due to Internet Explorer's popularity many pages were created which relied upon thi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher-order%20abstract%20syntax
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In computer science, higher-order abstract syntax (abbreviated HOAS) is a technique for the representation of abstract syntax trees for languages with variable binders.
Relation to first-order abstract syntax
An abstract syntax is abstract because it is represented by mathematical objects that have certain structure by their very nature. For instance, in first-order abstract syntax (FOAS) trees, as commonly used in compilers, the tree structure implies the subexpression relation, meaning that no parentheses are required to disambiguate programs (as they are, in the concrete syntax). HOAS exposes additional structure: the relationship between variables and their binding sites. In FOAS representations, a variable is typically represented with an identifier, with the relation between binding site and use being indicated by using the same identifier. With HOAS, there is no name for the variable; each use of the variable refers directly to the binding site.
There are a number of reasons why this technique is useful. First, it makes the binding structure of a program explicit: just as there is no need to explain operator precedence in a FOAS representation, there is no need to have the rules of binding and scope at hand to interpret a HOAS representation. Second, programs that are
alpha-equivalent (differing only in the names of bound variables) have identical representations in HOAS, which can make equivalence checking more efficient.
Implementation
One mathematical object that could be used to implement HOAS is a graph where variables are associated with their binding sites via edges. Another popular way to implement HOAS (in, for example, compilers) is with de Bruijn indices.
Use in logic programming
The first programming language which directly supported
λ-bindings in syntax was the higher-order logic programming
language λProlog.
The paper that introduced the term HOAS
used
λProlog code to illustrate it. Unfortunately, when one transfers the
term HOAS from the logic programming to the functional programming
setting, that term implies the identification of bindings in syntax
with functions over expressions. In this latter setting, HOAS has a
different and problematic sense. The term λ-tree syntax has been introduced to
refer specifically to the style of representation available in the
logic programming setting.
While different in detail, the treatment of bindings in λProlog is similar
to their treatment in logical frameworks, elaborated in the next section.
Use in logical frameworks
In the domain of logical frameworks, the term higher-order abstract syntax is usually used to refer to a specific representation that uses the binders of the meta-language to encode the binding structure of the object language.
For instance, the logical framework LF has a λ-construct, which has arrow
(→) type. As an example, consider we wanted to formalize a very primitive language with untyped expressions, a built-in set of variables, and a let construct (l
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HOAS
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HOAS may refer to:
Helsingin seudun opiskelija-asuntosäätiö, a student housing provider in Helsinki, Finland
Higher-order abstract syntax, representing the abstract syntax of a programming language
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gingold
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Gingold (, , ) is a Yiddish word and surname which may refer to:
Alfred Gingold, an American freelance writer
Chaim Gingold (born 1980), computer game designer
Hermione Gingold (1897-1987), British actress
Josef Gingold (1909-1995), Belarusian-Jewish violinist and teacher
Kurt Gingold (1929–1997), Austrian-American scientific translator
Michael Gingold, American screenwriter and journalist
Peter Gingold (1916-2006), German Resistance figure and Holocaust survivor
It may also refer to:
15019 Gingold, a main-belt asteroid discovered in 1998
"Gingold", the name of a fictitious brand of soda pop that DC Comics superhero Elongated Man drinks.
See also
Feingold, Finegold (same meaning)
Yiddish words and phrases
Surnames of Jewish origin
Germanic-language surnames
Yiddish-language surnames
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GnuWin32
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The GnuWin32 project provides native ports in the form of executable computer programs, patches, and source code for various GNU and open source tools and software, much of it modified to run on the 32-bit Windows platform. The ports included in the GnuWin32 packages are:
GNU utilities such as bc, bison, chess, Coreutils, diffutils, ed, Flex, gawk, gettext, grep, Groff, gzip, iconv, less, m4, patch, readline, rx, sharutils, sed, tar, texinfo, units, Wget, which.
Archive management and compression tools, such as: arc, arj, bzip2, gzip, lha, zip, zlib.
Non-GNU utilities such as: cygutils, file, ntfsprogs, OpenSSL, PCRE.
Graphics tools.
PDCurses.
Tools for processing text.
Mathematical software and statistics software.
Most programs have dependencies (typically DLLs), so that the executable files cannot simply be run in Windows unless files they depend upon are available. An alternative set of ported programs is UnxUtils; these are usually older versions, but depend only on the Microsoft C-runtime msvcrt.dll.
There is a package maintenance utility, GetGnuWin32, to download and install or update current versions of all GnuWin32 packages.
See also
Cygwin
DJGPP
Windows Subsystem for Linux
MinGW, MSYS
UnxUtils
UWIN
References
External links
Package List
Free software programmed in C
Free software programmed in C++
Free system software
Windows-only free software
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brute%20Force%3A%20Cracking%20the%20Data%20Encryption%20Standard
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Brute Force: Cracking the Data Encryption Standard (2005, Copernicus Books ) is a book by Matt Curtin about cryptography.
In this book, the author accounts his involvement in the DESCHALL Project, mobilizing thousands of personal computers in 1997 in order to meet the challenge to crack a single message encrypted with DES.
This was and remains one of the largest collaborations of any kind on a single project in history.
The message was unencrypted on June 18 and was found to be "Strong cryptography makes the world a safer place."
This is also the message of Curtin's book where he uses a personal account to reveal to the uninitiated reader some insight into a topic of growing importance which is both technically and politically complicated.
External links
Archive of project material
Archive of DESCHALL home page
2005 non-fiction books
Cryptography books
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20White%20Shadow%20%28TV%20series%29
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The White Shadow is an American drama television series starring Ken Howard that ran on the CBS network from November 27, 1978, to March 16, 1981, about a white former professional basketball player who takes a job coaching basketball at an impoverished urban high school with a racially mixed basketball team. Although the lead actor Howard was white, the series broke new ground as the first television ensemble drama to feature a mostly African American cast, with African American actors playing the high school principal and vice-principal, the majority of the teenage basketball players, and other supporting roles. The White Shadow also dealt with controversial subject matter such as sexually transmitted disease and gay sexual orientation among high school students.
Although The White Shadow was not a big ratings hit, it drew praise from critics and helped pave the way for later realistic dramas such as Hill Street Blues and My So-Called Life. It was the first series developed by executive producer Bruce Paltrow, who went on to create and produce the medical drama St. Elsewhere. The show also made popular TV stars of both Howard and Kevin Hooks, who portrayed high school basketball player Morris Thorpe. In the years since its cancellation, a number of journalists have praised the show and in some cases recalled being fans of the show as children or teenagers. In particular, sports columnist Bill Simmons has written about the show's strong influence on his life.
Overview
Ken Howard plays Ken Reeves, a white professional basketball player who is forced to retire from the Chicago Bulls of the NBA due to knee injuries. Upon his retirement, Reeves reluctantly takes a job as the head basketball coach at the fictional Carver High School, a mostly black and hispanic urban high school in South Central Los Angeles.
Carver's principal is Coach Reeves' former Boston College classmate Jim Willis (Jason Bernard in the pilot, and Ed Bernard — no relation to Jason, but his best friend in real life — for seasons 1 and 2). Sybil Buchanon (Joan Pringle) is the vice principal, who was against Reeves' hiring and frequently clashes with Reeves in the areas of discipline and education. In season 3, Willis is promoted to a position with the Oakland Board of Education and Buchanan becomes principal of Carver High.
The subject matter of episodes included illicit drug use, child abuse, sexually transmitted diseases, gambling, prostitution, sexual orientation, and physical and mental disabilities. However, the show often incorporated humor, such as a joke made by a character, even when dealing with serious subjects. Episodes often ended with an issue left unresolved, contrary to other TV shows where the characters' problems were resolved by the end of the episode.
Cast
Ken Howard as Coach Ken Reeves, a former NBA player, who has retired due to injuries despite still being young enough (in theory) to play.
Jason Bernard as Principal Jim Willis, a former teammate of Reeve
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PC%20Conectado
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PC Conectado, or Computador para Todos, is a tax-free computer initiative launched by the Brazilian government, since 2003.
PCs available through the project are relatively low-end, but therefore are cheap enough to satisfy most of the population, at R$ 1200 (or about US$ 500). Most PCs available have:
128 or 256 MB RAM
A low end processor, usually a Celeron processor.
40 or 80 GB hard disk
Linux, usually Insigne Linux, a Fedora based distribution fully compatible with software repositories.
In the initial phases of the project, Microsoft offered the Brazilian government the use of its MS Windows XP Starter Edition, a cut down version of their popular OS for developing countries. The offer was rejected due to the severe limitations of the Starter Edition. Since then, the project has used only free and open source software for general work, like Inkscape, OpenOffice, GIMP and Amarok.
The Brazilian government's decision to reject Microsoft's proprietary and limited (i.e. cut-down) version of MS Windows XP in favor of a full featured and free Linux operating system was widely reported in the US media and IT periodicals. This decision could be interpreted as a severe, humiliating and embarrassing rejection for Microsoft. The president of the Brazilian agency in charge of the governments technology initiatives, Sérgio Amadeu, unequivocally stated that he was against spending Brazilian tax-payers money on furthering Microsoft's monopoly:
An option providing cheap dial-up access to the Internet may be available soon, costing R$7 (about US$2.50). Also, a project to offer a popular broadband internet access (512 kbit/s), charging a monthly fee between 15 and 35 reais (between 8.5 and 20 US dollars).
Availability
PC Conectado can be acquired in many major Brazilian department stores. Many Brazilian stores have an independent Linux vendor on site from whom a user can choose the hardware configuration and distro.
See also
FIC Conectado
$100 laptop
References
External links
Official website
Information technology in Brazil
Digital divide
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MetaWeblog
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The MetaWeblog API is an application programming interface created by software developer Dave Winer that enables weblog entries to be written, edited, and deleted using web services.
The API is implemented as an XML-RPC web service with three methods whose names describe their function: metaweblog.newPost(), metaweblog.getPost() and metaweblog.editPost(). These methods take arguments that specify the blog author's username and password along with information related to an individual weblog entry.
The impetus for the creation of the API in 2002 was perceived limitations of the Blogger API, which serves the same purpose. Another weblog publishing API, the Atom Publishing Protocol became an IETF Internet standard (RFC 5023) in October 2007. Subsequently, another weblog publishing API, Micropub, which was developed with modern technologies like OAuth, became a W3C Recommendation in May 2017.
Many blog software applications and content management systems support the MetaWeblog API, as do numerous desktop clients.
See also
Atom Publishing Protocol
Micropub
XML-based standards
Web services
Inter-process communication
Internet protocols
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%20Finder%20Interchange%20Format
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People Finder Interchange Format (PFIF) is a widely used open data standard for information about missing or displaced people. PFIF was designed to enable information sharing among governments, relief organizations, and other survivor registries to help people find and contact their family and friends after a disaster.
Overview
PFIF is extended from XML. It consists of person records, which contain identifying information about a person, and note records, which contain comments and updates on the status and location of a person. Each note is attached to one person. PFIF defines the set of fields in these records and an XML-based format to store or transfer them. PFIF XML records can be embedded in Atom feeds or RSS feeds.
PFIF allows different repositories of missing person data to exchange and aggregate their records. Every record has a unique identifier, which indicates the domain name of the original repository where the record was created. The unique record identifier is preserved as the record is copied from one repository to another. For example, any repository that receives a copy of a given person can publish a note attached to that person, and even as the note and person are copied to other repositories, they remain traceable to their respective original sources.
History
Within three days after the 2001 September 11 attacks, people were using over 25 different online forums and survivor registries to report and check on their family and friends.
One of the first and largest of these was the survivor registry at safe.millennium.berkeley.edu, which was created by graduate students Ka-Ping Yee and Miriam Walker and hosted on the Millennium computer cluster at UC Berkeley. To reduce the confusion caused by the proliferation of different websites, the Berkeley survivor registry began collecting data from several of the other major sites into one searchable database. Because the information was formatted differently from site to site, each site required manual effort and custom programming to download and incorporate its data.
After Hurricane Katrina displaced hundreds of thousands of people in 2005, online survivor registries again appeared on many different websites. A large volunteer effort called the Katrina PeopleFinder Project worked to gather and manually re-enter this information into one searchable database provided by Salesforce.com. An organizer of the project, David Geilhufe, put out a call for technical help to create a data standard that would enable survivor registries to aggregate and share information with each other via automated means. Working with Katrina volunteers Kieran Lal and Jonathan Plax and the CiviCRM team, Yee drafted the first specification for People Finder Interchange Format, which was released on September 4, 2005 as PFIF 1.0.
PFIF 1.1, with some small corrections, was released on September 5. The Salesforce.com database added support for PFIF; Yahoo! and Google also launched searchable databases of Katr
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KHRR
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KHRR (channel 40) is a television station in Tucson, Arizona, United States, serving as the market's outlet for the Spanish-language network Telemundo. Owned and operated by NBCUniversal's Telemundo Station Group, the station maintains studios on North Stone Avenue in downtown Tucson, and its transmitter is located atop the Tucson Mountains.
Although identifying as a separate station in its own right, KHRR is considered a semi-satellite of KTAZ (channel 39) in Phoenix. As such, it simulcasts all Telemundo programming as provided through its parent, but airs separate commercial inserts and legal identifications, and has its own website. Local newscasts, produced by KTAZ and branded as Noticiero Telemundo Arizona, are simulcast on both stations. Although KHRR maintains its own facilities, master control and most internal operations are based at KTAZ's studios on South 33rd Place in Phoenix.
History
KPOL
On November 28, 1983, a construction permit was granted to JP Communications, owned by Julius Polan of Chicago, for a new commercial television station on channel 40 in Tucson. Channel 40 had been occupied since November 1980 by a translator of Phoenix Spanish-language station KTVW. JP beat out Valle Verde Broadcasting Corporation, which proposed a full-service Spanish-language outlet, and five other applicants, including Focus Broadcasting and National Group Telecommunications. The permit was approved after JP paid out a cash settlement to rival Sunwest Communications.
Taking the call letters KPOL, construction began in 1984, forcing the KTVW translator to move to channel 52. The station also secured a package of Phoenix Suns road games. However, channel 40 missed its planned November start because its studios had not been completed. Meanwhile, minority investor David Jácome sued, saying that Polan had brought him in to add a minority owner to the ownership group but that he had been squeezed out.
KPOL signed on January 5, 1985. It was the second new independent station for Tucson in the same week. Just days prior, the Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson had put KDTU channel 18 on the air; the two new outlets brought Tucson from one independent station to three, which sent costs for syndicated programming soaring. It turned out that Polan thought KDTU would not be as commercial a station as it was, and the diocese had not planned for another competitor. Initially, channel 40 broadcast in the evening hours only.
After its first year, KPOL had mostly shown up as Tucson's third-rated independent and was losing money. By 1988, both of the UHF startups were in poor financial condition: at KDTU, the Diocese of Tucson had instituted three waves of job cuts in two years. The market had more stations than it could bear. The diocese had announced it would shut down KDTU before Clear Channel Communications stepped in to buy channel 18 in February 1989.
KPOL finally succumbed to its financial woes on October 17, 1989, when the station announced it would g
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatal%20exception%20error
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In computing, a fatal exception error or fatal error is an error that causes a program to abort and may therefore return the user to the operating system. When this happens, data that the program was processing may be lost. A fatal error is usually distinguished from a fatal system error (colloquially referred to in the MS Windows operating systems by the error message it produces as a "blue screen of death"). A fatal error occurs typically in any of the following cases:
An illegal instruction has been attempted
Invalid data or code has been accessed
An operation is not allowed in the current ring or CPU mode
A program attempts to divide by zero (only for integers; with the IEEE floating point standard, this creates an infinity instead).
In some systems, such as macOS and Microsoft Windows, a fatal error causes the operating system to create a log entry or to save an image (core dump) of the process.
References
External links
What Are Fatal Exception Errors – Microsoft Knowledge Base
Computer errors
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KOKI-TV
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KOKI-TV (channel 23) is a television station in Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States, affiliated with the Fox network. It is owned by Imagicomm Communications alongside MyNetworkTV affiliate KMYT-TV (channel 41). The two stations share studios on East 27th Street and South Memorial Drive (near W. G. Skelly Park) in the Audubon neighborhood of southeast Tulsa; KOKI-TV's transmitter is located on South 273rd East Avenue (between 91st Street South and 101st Street South, next to the Muskogee Turnpike) in the western city limits of Coweta.
History
As an independent station
The UHF channel 23 allocation—which had been dormant since a short-lived attempt to revive its original occupant, KCEB, by original licensee Elfred Beck foundered in September 1967—was contested between two groups that vied to hold the construction permit to build a new television station on the frequency. The first prospective permittee was Wilson Communications, owned by Detroit businessman and Buffalo Bills owner Ralph Wilson, which filed an application with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) on July 7, 1978. The second applicant, Tulsa 23, Ltd. (originally Channel 23 Tulsa, Ltd.), filed on September 5; that group—led by managing partner Benjamin F. Boddie, Corporate Vice President, Williams Companies. James Lavenstein would go on to serve as KOKI-TV's original general manager—primarily consisted of prominent local corporate executives and community leaders that included Helmerich & Payne CEO Walter H. Helmerich II, and present and former Williams Companies CEOs John H. Williams and Charles P. Williams, respectively (the latter two of whom initiated the redevelopment of over nine square blocks and of new office and retail construction in downtown Tulsa, including the establishment of the Williams Center, the Bank of Oklahoma Tower and the Tulsa Performing Arts Center). The FCC granted the license to the Tulsa 23 venture on December 12, 1979.
KOKI-TV signed on the air on October 26, 1980, a date chosen by Lavenstein at the suggestion of marketing and promotions manager Richard Enderwood, as it coincided with Enderwood's birthday. It was the first commercial television station to sign on in the Tulsa market since NBC affiliate KVOO-TV (channel 2, now KJRH-TV) signed on 26 years earlier on December 5, 1954, and the first independent station to begin operation in a market that, on paper, had a large enough population to provide suitable viewership for an independent station since the early 1970s. The station—which was then branded as "Tulsa 23," accompanied by a futuristic logo in which the numerical "23" was construed as the "LS" in "Tulsa"—originally operated from studio facilities located on East 46th Place (between Memorial Drive and Sheridan Road) in southeast Tulsa, which was fitted with used transmission equipment acquired second-hand from various other American television stations. The station operated on a lean budget, maintaining a general entertainment programming
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATU%20Network
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ATU Network was a caucus group within the Amicus trade union that sought to attract members and employees of Amicus who support the Labour Party and who are sympathetic to Blairism. It announced its formation in January 2005.
The group's name probably derives from Amicus the union, the union's campaigning slogan.
The founders of ATU Network, who signed the group's founding statement , are:
Les Bayliss, Assistant General Secretary of Amicus
Cath Speight, a full-time officer who is Regional Secretary for Amicus's Wales Region and a member of the Labour Party's National Executive Committee
Kevin Coyne, a full-time national officer who was then the Regional Secretary of the North West Region
ATU Network competed with the larger and more established Unity Gazette grouping. That group pursues broad left aims and objectives.
Activities
ATU Network is believed to have campaigned against the rule change that introduced the requirement to elect new Full-Time Officers. That rule change was approved at the June 2005 Amicus Policy and Rules Conference, after a campaign by the Unity Gazette.
However, ATU's greatest success to date, where it emerged as a serious opponent to the Gazette, was at the North West Regional Branch Conference, held on 2006-01-21. At that conference, almost all the candidates on the ATU slate were elected. North West England was the main power-base of MSF for Labour, but the vast majority of the ATU's recommended candidates were relatively young and unknown, with many being drawn from the former UNIFI finance union, and the older activists from the MSF days were almost all absent from the slate. Apart from indicating that ATU has had some success within the finance sector, it could suggest that ATU wants to be seen to be making a clean start and to avoid being associated with the political machinations of the MSF era.
Current status
The current status of ATU Network is unknown. Its domain name now points to a holding site. The election literature circulated by Kevin Coyne, when he stood for the position of Joint General Secretary (Amicus Section) in February 2009, made no mention of his role as a co-founder of the network.
Response of the Unity Gazette
A number of senior Gazette members expressed the opinion that Gazette and ATU membership were mutually incompatible.
In its founding statement, the ATU Network published a tariff of membership fees for the various grades of union employees, a maximum of £10/month. However, the nominal fee for lay members of ATU is only £1/year. In contrast, Gazettee membership is free for lay members and employees alike, although the Gazette solicits voluntary donations to fund its activities. This has led some members of the Gazette to conclude that the ATU Network is, in effect, a self-preservation society for Full-Time Officers who feel threatened by the introduction of elections for officers.
Earlier organizations
MSF for Labour, the equivalent group in the MSF union which merged to for
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIC%20%28Portuguese%20TV%20channel%29
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SIC (acronym of full name Sociedade Independente de Comunicação) ("Independent Communication Society") is a Portuguese television network and media company, which runs several television channels. Their flagship channel is the eponymous SIC, the third terrestrial television station in Portugal, launched on 6 October 1992. SIC is owned by Impresa, a Portuguese media conglomerate. It is one of the two private free-to-air channels in Portugal, among the seven terrestrial free-to-air channels broadcasting from the country. It too, is the most-watched channel in Portugal from 1995 to 2005, and again from 2019 to today.
Other channels operated by SIC carried on satellite and cable TV in Portugal are:
SIC Notícias, news channel;
SIC Radical, general entertainment channel targeting a younger audience;
SIC Mulher, general entertainment channel targeting a female audience;
SIC K, general entertainment channel targeting kids;
SIC Internacional, an international channel which broadcasts in Europe, Africa, South America, North America, and Australia;
SIC Caras, an entertainment channel primarily focused on celebrities.
History
On October 27, 1986, the Portuguese government issued a decree in Diário da República to limit government influence in the media industry, while opening the television sector to the private initiative. Among the companies interested for the license were SOJORNAL (owner of Expresso) among other publishing companies.
The company was first registered in 1987, with Granada Television initially holding a 20% interest, with the rest being owned by Impala, Expresso and Projornal. Brazilian television channel Rede Globo later took over Granada's interest after the latter left the company.
The companies that held shares in SIC in 1990 said that private television would only start in 1992, with SIC intending to start broadcasting in the middle of the year. 25 to 30 percent of the initial schedule would be given to news, while the entertainment programming was given to independent production companies, under the status of "associated producers".
In 1991, the licenses were granted to SIC and TVI. In an initial phase, SIC would devote a substantial amount of its programming to news, "not only political news, but also more general and active news, privileging live", according to Pinto Balsemão. The initial line-up had a prospective starting time of 18:30 on weekdays and 15:30 on weekends, ending every night at midnight. The channel would provider counter-programming to the remaining channels, with a wide variety of content.
The channel initially (until January 2019) broadcast from converted studios in Carnaxide. In 1992, SIC was owned by a consortium led by Francisco Pinto Balsemão, backed by Controljornal, TSF, Rádio Comercial, Lusomundo, Expresso, Impala Editores and Globo.
On October 1, 1992 (mere days after starting its signal at least in Lisbon), SIC held its first experimental broadcast. During a five day period, the channel broadcast a
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bally%20Sports%20South
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Bally Sports South (BSSO) is an American regional sports network owned by Diamond Sports Group, and operates as an affiliate of Bally Sports Networks. The network carries regional coverage of professional and collegiate sports events from across the Southern United States, along with other sporting events and programming from Bally Sports.
Bally Sports South is available on cable providers throughout Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina and Tennessee. It is also available nationwide on satellite via DirecTV.
History
Bally Sports South was originally launched on August 29, 1990, as SportSouth, under the ownership of the Turner Broadcasting System, in conjunction with business partners Tele-Communications Inc. (TCI) and Scripps-Howard Broadcasting. At its launch, the channel held the regional cable television rights to the Atlanta Braves, Atlanta Hawks and Charlotte Hornets. Shortly after Turner completed its merger with Time Warner, SportSouth was purchased by News Corporation's Fox Cable Networks in the winter of 1996. The channel was integrated into the recently formed Fox Sports Net group of regional sports networks, and was officially rebranded as Fox Sports South in January 1997. The channel's name was amended to "Fox Sports Net South" in 2000, as part of a collective brand modification of the FSN networks under the "Fox Sports Net" banner).
In 2002, Fox Sports South began producing the Southern Sports Report from its Midtown Atlanta studios, as part of the collective FSN networks' expansion of "regional sports reports" to complement the National Sports Report, both formatted as daily news programs focusing on sports news and highlights. The Atlanta studios served as a production hub for the regional sports reports broadcast on other FSN networks, often utilizing the same anchors (with Terry Chick being the most prominent). The Southern Sports Report was discontinued in 2005; around the same time, FSN South began producing a similar program, Around The South, which focused on sports stories across the region. In 2004, the channel shortened its name to FSN South, through the networks' de-emphasis of the Fox Sports Net brand.
On February 23, 2006, News Corporation purchased the general entertainment cable channel Turner South from the Turner Broadcasting System for $375 million. After the deal was completed, the channel dropped all remaining entertainment programming and converted into a sports-exclusive channel as it became part of the Fox Sports Networks group, adopting the "SportSouth" name formerly used by Fox Sports South. FSN South, which effectively became a sister network to the new SportSouth (which was renamed Fox Sports Southeast in October 2015), reverted to the Fox Sports South moniker in 2008.
In 2008, SportSouth acquired the partial television rights to the Atlanta Braves, splitting the telecasts with Atlanta independent station WPCH-TV (channel 17), which ceased distributing the station's
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular%20dependency
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In software engineering, a circular dependency is a relation between two or more modules which either directly or indirectly depend on each other to function properly. Such modules are also known as mutually recursive.
Overview
Circular dependencies are natural in many domain models where certain objects of the same domain depend on each other. However, in software design, circular dependencies between larger software modules are considered an anti-pattern because of their negative effects. Despite this, such circular (or cyclic) dependencies have been found to be widespread among the source files of real-world software. Mutually recursive modules are, however, somewhat common in functional programming, where inductive and recursive definitions are often encouraged.
Problems
Circular dependencies can cause many unwanted effects in software programs. Most problematic from a software design point of view is the tight coupling of the mutually dependent modules which reduces or makes impossible the separate re-use of a single module.
Circular dependencies can cause a domino effect when a small local change in one module spreads into other modules and has unwanted global effects (program errors, compile errors). Circular dependencies can also result in infinite recursions or other unexpected failures.
Circular dependencies may also cause memory leaks by preventing certain automatic garbage collectors (those that use reference counting) from deallocating unused objects.
Causes and solutions
In very large software designs, software engineers may lose the context and inadvertently introduce circular dependencies. There are tools to analyze software and find unwanted circular dependencies.
Circular dependencies can be introduced when implementing callback functionality. This can be avoided by applying design patterns like the observer pattern.
See also
Acyclic dependencies principle
Dependency hell
References
Programming language topics
C++
Articles with example C++ code
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO%2013567
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ISO 13567 is an international computer-aided design (CAD) layer standard.
Standard parts
The standard is divided into three parts:
ISO 13567-1:2017
Technical product documentation — Organization and naming of layers for CAD — Part 1: Overview and principles
ISO 13567-2:2017
Technical product documentation — Organization and naming of layers for CAD — Part 2: Concepts, format and codes used in construction documentation
ISO/TR 13567-3:1999 (withdrawn September 2015)
Technical product documentation — Organization and naming of layers for CAD — Part 3: Application of ISO 13567-1 and ISO 13567-2
Standard has been developed by Technical Committee TC 10 (Technical product documentation) Subcommittee SC 8 (Construction documentation); Refer. ICS: 01.110; 35.240.10.
Structure of layer names
CAD layer names are structured as a series of mandatory and optional fixed length fields, composed as a continuous alpha-numerical text string.
Mandatory fields
Agent responsible (clause 6.1)
(2 characters, indicating the person or organisation responsible for the layer information—manufacturer,
A- architect
A2 architect#2 on the same project
B- building surveyors
C- civil engineers
E- electrical engineers
F- facility engineers
G- GIS engineers and land surveyors
H- heating and ventilating engineers
I- interior designers
L- landscape architects
Q- quantity surveyors
S- structural engineers
T- town and country planners
W- contractors
X- sub-contractors
Y- specialist designers
Element (clause 6.2)
(6 characters, indicating the functional parts of construction works or structure): follows a classification system like SfB building codes or Uniclass codes;
Presentation (clause 6.3)
(2 characters, related to the information graphical presentation)
-- whole model and drawing page,
E- element graphics (Model space)
T- text (M)
H- hatching (M)
D- dimensions (M)
J- section/detail marks (M)
K- revision marks (M)
G- Grid graphic and dimension (M)
U- user red lines & construction lines (M)
B- Border (Page/Paper space)
V- text, title, notes (P)
I- tabular information, legends, schedules, tables/query (P)
-1 language#1 or pen thickness#1 or text height#1
Optional fields
Status (clause 7.1)
(1 character, status of the physical part, ISO code)
- whole, no subdivision
N new part
E existing to remain
R to be removed
T temporary
O to be moved original position
F to be moved final position
Sector (clause 7.2)
(4 characters, physical subdivision of construction work, recommended to use ISO 4157-2/3 codes)
---- whole project, all levels all blocks
00—ground floor
02–2nd floor
-1-- basement
SA—section AA
EA—elevation A
EB—elevation B
--B1 block 1
--A- zone A
01B1 1st floor block#1
-2-- 2nd basement level
01A- storey 01 zone A
Phase (clause 7.3)
(1 character, time or logical subdivision of work)
- whole duration
P pre-design/preliminary
D design
R procurement
C construction
O post-construction
1 phase#1 (pre-design)
2 phase#2
3
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoload
|
In computer programming, autoloading is the capability of loading and linking portions of a program from mass storage automatically when needed, so that the programmer is not required to define or include those portions of the program explicitly. Many high-level programming languages include autoload capabilities, which sacrifice some run-time speed for ease of coding and speed of initial compilation/linking.
Typical autoload systems intercept procedure calls to undefined subroutines. The autoloader searches through a path of directories in the computer's file system, to find a file containing source or object code that defines the subroutine. The autoloader then loads and links the file, and hands control back to the main program so that the subroutine gets executed as if it had already been defined and linked before the call.
Many interactive and high-level languages operate in this way. For example, IDL includes a primitive path searcher, and Perl allows individual modules to determine how and whether autoloading should occur. The Unix shell may be said to consist almost entirely of an autoloader, as its main job is to search a path of directories to load and execute command files. In PHP 5, autoload functionality is triggered when referencing an undefined class. One or more autoload functions—implemented as the __autoload magic function or any function registered to the SPL autoload stack—is called and given the opportunity to define the class, usually by loading the file it is defined in.
PHP
spl_autoload_register(function ($class) {
$file = 'src/' . str_replace('\\', '/', $relative_class) . '.php';
if (file_exists($file)) {
require $file;
}
});
External links
PSR-4 Improved Autoloading Standard
Autoloading Classes in PHP
spl_autoload_register in PHP
Programming constructs
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Atlanta%20Braves%20broadcasters
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Broadcast networks
Television
WSB-TV and syndicated: 1966–72
WTCG and syndicated: 1973–76
WTCG/WTBS/TBS: 1977–2007
Bally Sports South (formerly SportSouth): 1991–present
Bally Sports Southeast (formerly Turner South and SportSouth): 2000–present
WPCH-TV (Peachtree TV; formerly WTBS): 2008–12
Comcast/Charter Sports Southeast aired Peachtree TV broadcasts outside Atlanta DMA: 2008–10
FSN South aired Peachtree TV broadcasts outside Atlanta DMA: 2011–12
Radio
Atlanta Braves Radio Network: 1925–present
WSB (AM): 1966–1991, 1995–2004
WGST: 1992–1994, 2005–2009
WNNX (FM): 2010–2013, 2019–present
WCNN: 2010–present
WYAY (FM) : 2014–2019
Broadcasters by name
Current announcers
Kelly Crull: (primary reporter, 2020–present) Bally Sports South and Southeast
Jeff Francoeur: (analyst, 2017–present) Bally Sports South and Southeast
Brandon Gaudin: (primary play-by-play, 2023–present) Bally Sports South and Southeast
Tom Glavine: (guest analyst, 2010–present ) Bally Sports South and Southeast
Nick Green: (analyst/reporter, 2015–present) Bally Sports South and Southeast
Ben Ingram: (host, 2011–2019; play-by-play, 2019–present) Braves Radio Network
Lauren Jbara: (reporter, 2022–present) Bally Sports South and Southeast
Peter Moylan: (analyst, 2019–present) Bally Sports South and Southeast
Pete Manzano: (play-by-play, 1992–present) Atlanta Braves International Radio Network and TBS SAP
Fernando Palacios: (analyst, 2003–present) TBS SAP
Jim Powell: (play-by-play, 2009–present) Braves Radio Network
Joe Simpson: (analyst, 1992–present) Braves Radio Network
John Smoltz: (guest analyst, color commentator, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2023) Bally Sports South and Southeast
Former announcers
Hank Aaron: (analyst, 1980) TBS and Braves Radio Network (deceased)
Mel Allen: (play-by-play, 1965) Braves Radio Network (deceased)
Tim Brando: (play-by-play, 1995–1997) SportSouth
Jim Britt: (play-by-play, 1940–1952) Braves Radio Network, WBZ-TV (deceased)
Brett Butler: (analyst, 2000) FSN South
Paul Byrd: (analyst/reporter, 2014–2022) Bally Sports South and Southeast
Chip Caray: (play-by-play, 1991–1992, 2005–2022) Fox Sports South and Fox Sports Southeast
Skip Caray: (play-by-play, 1976–2008) TBS, Turner South and Braves Radio Network (deceased)
Darrell Chaney: (analyst, 1981–1982) TBS and Braves Radio Network
Dave Cohen: (in-game reporter, 1997) FSN South
Dizzy Dean: (play-by-play, color commentator, 1966–68) Braves TV (WSB-TV) (deceased)
Charlie Donelan: (play-by-play, 1925) Braves Radio Network (deceased)
Al Downing: (analyst, 2000) FSN South
Leo Egan: (play-by-play, 1949–1950) Braves Radio Network (deceased)
Frank Fallon (play-by-play, 1946) Braves Radio Network (deceased)
Frankie Frisch: (analyst, 1939) Braves Radio Network (deceased)
Ron Gant: (analyst, 2004–2006) TBS, Turner South; (analyst, 2011–2012) Peachtree TV
Earl Gillespie: (play-by-play, 1953–1963) Braves Radio Network (deceased)
Bump Hadley: (play-by-play, 1949–1952) Braves Radio Network, WBZ-TV (deceased)
Milo Hami
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaora%20Udoji
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Adaora Udoji (born December 30, 1967) is an American journalist and producer. She has worked in virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and artificial intelligence (AI). She is an adviser to VR-AR Association-NYC Chapter, an adjunct professor at NYU's Interactive Telecommunications Program at the Tisch School of the Arts, and an occasional investor.
Previously, she was Chief Storyteller at Rothenberg Ventures and interim president of the media-tech startup News Deeply, which Time magazine calls, "the future of news". She has also served as a board-member of the Montclair Film Festival and the Women's Advisory Board at NBCUniversal. She was also a Woodrow Wilson fellow and subsequently founded the Boshia Group, a network of content and operational strategists, producers and storytellers.
She is among a small group of journalists who have worked in network and cable news, as well as public radio. She is also on the list of 20 Black Angels Worth Knowing For Minority Startups.
Personal life
Udoji is of Nigerian-Irish American descent. Born to father Godfrey Udoji, former chief engineer for the city of Dearborn, Michigan, and mother Mary, former director of Washtenaw County Library in Ann Arbor, Michigan, she has lived on three continents including Africa, Europe and North America, and holds dual American and Irish citizenship.
Education
Udoji earned a bachelor's degree in political science from the University of Michigan. After a stint in the communications office at Michigan's Business School and WUOM, the public radio station, she went on to graduate from UCLA School of Law. During that time she externed for the Honorable Consuelo B. Marshall, United States federal judge, Central District of California, Los Angeles, and clerked for the I.R.S.
Career
Udoji began her journalism career at ABC News in 1995 as an off-air reporter working for Cynthia McFadden covering the O. J. Simpson criminal trial and other legal stories. In 1996 she became an associate producer for ABC News covering the presidential election as a member of the Dole/Kemp press corp, the TWA 800 crash, as well as working on a documentary about death row. The network named her a foreign correspondent in 2000 when she was based in London reporting international stories covering Africa, the Middle East and Europe. Udoji covered the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, the Vatican, the world economy and sporting events like the British Open and the Tour De France. She also contributed to Good Morning America, World News Weekend and ABC Radio.
At CNN she served as a New York-based correspondent covering stories including the 2004 presidential election, Hurricane Katrina, and the West Virginia Sago Mine disaster for the network's television and radio outlets. On April 25, 2006, she signed with Court TV News as an anchor.
Udoji expanded into public radio as the co-host of The Takeaway with John Hockenberry and Adaora Udoji in 2008, a nationally syndicat
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic%20%28programming%29
|
In the context of computer programming, magic is an informal term for abstraction; it is used to describe code that handles complex tasks while hiding that complexity to present a simple interface. The term is somewhat tongue-in-cheek, and often carries bad connotations, implying that the true behavior of the code is not immediately apparent. For example, Perl's polymorphic typing and closure mechanisms are often called "magic". The term implies that the hidden complexity is at least in principle understandable, in contrast to black magic and deep magic (see Variants), which describe arcane techniques that are deliberately hidden or extremely difficult to understand. However, the term can also be applied endearingly, suggesting a "charm" about the code. The action of such abstractions is described as being done "automagically", a portmanteau of "automatically" and "magically".
Referential opacity
"Magic" refers to procedures which make calculations based on data not clearly provided to them, by accessing other modules, memory positions or global variables that they are not supposed to (in other words, they are not referentially transparent). According to most recent software architecture models, even when using structured programming, it is usually preferred to make each function behave the same way every time the same arguments are passed to it, thereby following one of the basic principles of functional programming. When a function breaks this rule, it is often said to contain "magic".
A simplified example of negative magic is the following code in PHP:
function magic()
{
global $somevariable;
echo $somevariable;
}
$somevariable = true;
magic();
While the code above is clear and maintainable, if it is seen in a large project, it is often hard to understand where the function magic() gets its value from. It is preferred to write that code using the following concept:
function noMagic($myvariable)
{
echo $myvariable;
}
$somevariable = true;
noMagic($somevariable);
Non-orthogonality
This definition of magic or magical can be extended to a data type, code fragment, keyword, or machine address that has properties not shared by otherwise identical objects. The magical properties may or may not be documented.
In ISO C, file handles (of type ) cannot be safely copied as their addresses may be magic. That is, the runtime environment may place original file handles in a hard-coded address range, and not provide file handle behaviour to a user-created copy at another address. Consequently, the standard library routines accept pointers to file handles, of type , instead.
In Perl 5, the statement while() implicitly assigns the line read from the file by to the variable , and applies the function to the expression so that any successfully read string, even or the empty string, evaluates as true and continues the loop. This does not happen to anywhere else, or to with any other control expression.
In an emulator, especial
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XFixes
|
In computing, XFixes is an X Window System extension which makes useful additions to the X11 protocol. It was started in 2003 by Keith Packard. It first appeared in the KDrive X server and later in X.Org Server version 6.8.0.
The extension implements a collection of unrelated additions to the protocol. The theme of the collection is small additions to remove important defects in the protocol that can't be worked around using the pure X11 protocol.
The point of implementing these additions in an extension is to leave the core server code, and a server that does not include the XFixes extension, implementing the original pure X11 protocol. However, as the additions are designed in a backward compatible way, there is no practical reason for a server not to implement them. The client and server can always negotiate down to the additions that both understand.
Version history
Version 1 of the extension included Save Set processing changes (to make embedding applications more reliable), selection notification events (add events sent when selection ownership is asserted) and cursor tracking (requests allowing the image to be tracked reliably).
Version 2 of the extension adds region objects and cursor names.
Version 3 allows existing region objects to be enlarged.
Version 4 allows the mouse cursor to be hidden over specific windows.
Version 5 introduces pointer barriers, which allows using easy-to-reach locations (according to Fitts's Law) even in multi-monitor configurations.
Controversy
XFixes was a source of controversy when Packard committed the extension to the XFree86 project hours before the feature freeze window for XFree86 4.3.0 began in December 2002 without prior approval of the XFree86's Core Team (a cathedral-style group that were allowed to commit changes to the project, of which Packard was a member). Packard was stripped of his commit rights as a result (but remained in the project's Core Team until March 2003) and the extension was backed out six weeks later.
References
External links
X Fixes extension (freedesktop.org)
The X Fixes Extension, Latest Official Specifications
X Window extensions
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monument%20Metro%20station
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Monument is a Tyne and Wear Metro station, serving the Monument area of the city of Newcastle upon Tyne in Tyne and Wear, England. It joined the network on 15 November 1981, following the opening of the third phase of the network, between Haymarket and Heworth. The station is named after Grey's Monument, which stands directly above it.
History
The station opened with services from the lower level platforms (1 and 2) commencing on 15 November 1981, when the line was extended south from the temporary terminus at Haymarket to Heworth.
The remaining two platforms on the upper level (3 and 4) opened when services between Tynemouth and St James via Wallsend commenced on 14 November 1982.
During construction, it was discovered that the column of Grey's Monument the statue, built in 1838, that sits above the railway line had foundations less than deep. The engineers had to build better supports for the monument.
Facilities
The ticket hall has a number of exits, including into the Fenwick department store, Eldon Square, Blackett Street and Grey Street.
The ticket hall additionally contains its own shops including a branch of Sainsbury's Local. The station previously housed a Nexus TravelShop which closed in 2015. In 2019 work was underway to convert the former TravelShop into the country's first underground bar, The Waypoint.
Services
, services operate at the following frequency:
Platform 1 and 2 are served by up to ten trains per hour on weekdays and Saturday, and up to eight trains per hour during the evening and on Sunday. Additional services operate between and , , or at peak times.
Platform 3 and 4 are served by up to five trains per hour on weekdays and Saturday, and up to four trains per hour during the evening and on Sunday.
Rolling stock used: Class 599 Metrocar
Layout
, it is one of only three stations in the world where the same line passes through the same station twice in a pretzel configuration. Other stations using this layout are Voorweg on the RandstadRail network in The Hague, Netherlands, and Serdika and Serdika II on the Sofia Metro in Sofia, Bulgaria. A similar layout also existed on the Vancouver SkyTrain in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada at Commercial–Broadway between 2002 and 2016.
Trains departing from platform 1 and platform 3 both state South Shields as their destination. However, trains from platform 3 must first complete an anti-clockwise circuit, running via Wallsend, Whitley Bay and South Gosforth. The journey time to South Shields is considerably shorter when departing from platform 1 (28 minutes), rather than platform 3 (82 minutes).
Art
The station features some art installations. By one of the entrances is a mural, Famous Faces, created by Bob Olley. It features a number of famous people from the North East, looking out of the window of a train. This is mentioned on the song By the Monument by the band Maxïmo Park, who grew up in the area.
Outside the station, a simple ventilation shaft has b
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetWare%20Core%20Protocol
|
The NetWare Core Protocol (NCP) is a network protocol used in some products from Novell, Inc. It is usually associated with the client-server operating system Novell NetWare which originally supported primarily MS-DOS client stations, but later support for other platforms such as Microsoft Windows, the classic Mac OS, Linux, Windows NT, Mac OS X, and various flavors of Unix was added.
The NCP is used to access file, print, directory, clock synchronization, messaging, remote command execution and other network service functions. It originally took advantage of an easy network configuration and a little memory footprint of the IPX/SPX protocol stack. Since 1991 the TCP/IP implementation is available.
Novell eDirectory uses NCP for synchronizing data changes between the servers in a directory service tree.
Technical information
The original IPX/SPX implementation was provided only for Novell NetWare platform and now is obsolete. The TCP/IP implementation uses TCP/UDP port 524 and relies on SLP for name resolution.
For NCP operation in IPX/SPX networks the bare IPX protocol was used with Packet Type field set to 17. On the workstation (client station) side the IPX socket number of 0x4003 was used, on the server side the socket number of 0x0451.
The NCP PDU has the following structure:
The NCP Type field determines the type of operation:
Individual requests are identified by the Sequence Number (modulo 256). The Connection Number identifies an individual client station connection on the server. Novell Netware servers of version up to 2.x supported up to 255 connections and the Connection Number occupied only 1 octet. Later it was extended to 2 octets. Task number has value 3 in requests and 1 in replies. The Data field starts with NCP Function number octet which distinguishes individual services.
The contents and the length of the rest of the Data field depends on the NCP Function.
Client-side implementations
Novell Client for Windows Vista from Novell.
Novell Client for Windows 2000/XP/2003 from Novell.
Novell Client for Windows 95/98 from Novell.
Novell Client for Linux from Novell.
NetWare Clients for DOS from Novell - no longer supported.
NetWare Client for Mac OS X from Prosoft Engineering.
ncpfs, an open-source NCP client implementation for Linux.
Client Service for NetWare from Microsoft.
References
External links
NCP specification without description of underlying Netware RPC framework
Wireshark (an open source protocol analyzer) Documentation - Fields of the NCP packet
Making Mac OS X play nicely with Novell
Network file systems
Network protocols
Novell NetWare
Presentation layer protocols
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haymarket%20Metro%20station
|
Haymarket is a Tyne and Wear Metro station, serving the Haymarket area of the city of Newcastle upon Tyne in Tyne and Wear, England. It joined the network as a terminus station on 11 August 1980, following the opening of the first phase of the network, between Haymarket and Tynemouth via Four Lane Ends.
History
The station opened to through services on 15 November 1981, following the opening of the third phase of the network, between Haymarket and Heworth. Prior to this, trains reversed using the crossover between Haymarket and Monument.
Haymarket is located at the northern end of Northumberland Street. It is a short walk from both Newcastle and Northumbria University, Newcastle Civic Centre and the Great North Museum: Hancock. It is located around from Haymarket Bus Station, and from Eldon Square Bus Station.
It is the deepest station on the Tyne and Wear Metro network. Prior to the station's refurbishment in the late 2000s, the staircase (since replaced by a third escalator) had 105 steps. The station also has underground rooms, restricted from the public, which contain archives and various historical documents.
The station was used by 3,216,144 passengers in 2017–18, making it the second-most-used station on the network after Monument (5,245,507).
Haymarket Hub
In August 2006, final plans for the complete reconstruction of the station, costing £20million, were released. Plans for a proposed £9 million facelift for the station had previously been announced in 2004.
Tolent Construction was appointed as contractor for the project, and was headed by the development vehicle, 42nd Street Haymarket Hub. Reid Jubb Brown were the building's architects, with Arup employed as consulting engineers.
Newcastle-based creative communications agency, Gardiner Richardson, alongside University of Sunderland lecturer, Lothar Goetz, worked on redeveloping the station's passenger areas. Gardiner Richardson's work centred on updating Tyne and Wear Metro corporate branding, including the colour palette and signage. Lothar Goetz created an artwork, Canon, using a number of coloured vitreous enamel panels in the concourse, escalator shaft and platform area.
A total of £5million was spent on refurbishing the passenger area of the station, with work completed in 2009. The station now serves as a blueprint for other station modernisation projects within the Metro: All Change programme, with Central refurbished to a similar style in 2017.
The Princess Royal, Princess Anne, officially opened the newly refurbished Haymarket on 29 March 2010, after travelling on the Tyne and Wear Metro from Jesmond.
Haymarket Hub was shortlisted for the 2010 Carbuncle Cup – an architecture prize, given annually by Building Design to "the ugliest building in the United Kingdom completed in the last 12 months".
Facilities
Step-free access is available at all stations across the Tyne and Wear Metro network, with a lift providing step-free access to platforms at Haymarket. As part o
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West%20Jesmond%20Metro%20station
|
West Jesmond is a Tyne and Wear Metro station, serving the suburb of Jesmond, Newcastle upon Tyne in Tyne and Wear, England. It joined the network on 11 August 1980, following the opening of the first phase of the network, between Haymarket and Tynemouth via Four Lane Ends.
History
The station was opened on 1 December 1900 by the North Eastern Railway. The station platforms are on opposite sides of the line and are linked by an underground pedestrian subway. Platforms originally had glass awnings to shelter passengers, but these were removed in the 1970s. The remnants of these awnings can still be seen attached to the station buildings.
The station closed for conversion in August 1978, ahead of opening as part of the Tyne and Wear Metro network, re-opening in August 1980. The original station buildings were retained, but the platforms were shortened, with a new accessible footbridge was built over the line.
Facilities
Step-free access is available at all stations across the Tyne and Wear Metro network, with level access to platform 1, and ramped access to platform 2. Between platforms, there is a ramped footbridge. The station is equipped with ticket machines, waiting shelter, seating, next train information displays, timetable posters, and an emergency help point on both platforms. Ticket machines are able to accept payment with credit and debit card (including contactless payment), notes and coins. The station is also fitted with smartcard validators, which feature at all stations across the network.
There is no dedicated car parking available at this station. There is the provision for cycle parking, with five cycle pods available for use.
Services
, the station is served by up to ten trains per hour on weekdays and Saturday, and up to eight trains per hour during the evening and on Sunday. Additional services operate between and , , or South Gosforth at peak times.
Rolling stock used: Class 599 Metrocar
Notable landmarks
The former Jesmond Picture House stood adjacent to the station, and was clearly visible from passing trains. This suburban cinema opened in 1921 and survived well into the multiplex age. Made in America was the last film to be screened there, when it finally closed its doors in October 1993. The cinema was demolished in 2009 to make way for a new office and shopping complex, after standing derelict for nearly 16 years. Plans were approved by the local council in 2008. The new building, named The Jesmond, finally opened in March 2016.
References
External links
Timetable and station information for West Jesmond
Newcastle upon Tyne
1900 establishments in England
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1864
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1980
Tyne and Wear Metro Green line stations
Tyne and Wear Metro Yellow line stations
Transport in Tyne and Wear
Former North Eastern Railway (UK) stations
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaper%20%28novel%29
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Reaper is a novel by American writer Ben Mezrich, published in 1998; it was his second novel. It deals with a "computer virus" that is hidden inside of the Telecon corporation's systems. The virus begins to go on a mad killing spree by wiping out people at their computer screens. Thus, eventually becoming a threat to every person linked up to the Telecon system. The book was eventually turned into a TV movie starring Janine Turner and Antonio Sabato, Jr., called Fatal Error.
Plot summary
A group of lawyers are meeting to take down Telecon corporations when suddenly they are all hit with a rhinovirus that the US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) classifies as "CaV". At the same time, our protagonist Nick Barnes is in the back of an ambulance trying to save a woman who suffered a car accident. After a high-speed operation, the woman is saved by having the blood drained from a bruise on her chest.
After barely saving her life, Nick and his fellow EMT Charles both make it to the hospital. Nick faces suspension from the dangerous tactic taken to save the woman's life. After leaving the hospital, they come across an office building with a janitor with a battered face. He was the only survivor of the outbreak in the office building. After treating him, Nick and a few police officers at the scene move up to the lawyers office to see nine horribly calcified bodies.
Minutes later, the USAMRIID turns the area into a quarantine zone and lets Nick and the other officers off easily because they know that the virus could not affect them. Samantha Craig, the leader of the operation, dismisses Nick after he tries to discover what is going on. After time passes, Nick tries to break into the quarantine area only to be held up by a group of armed soldiers. He is taken back to Boston General Hospital and is suspended for breaking protocol.
Samantha learns that Nick's wife Jennifer was a victim of AIDS and was killed in a car wreck that nearly took Nick's right hand. She also knows that he has a degree in microbiology. Samantha too has lost family; her brother Jeffery had died. While the two go into the investigation to discover what causes the disease, they begin to contradict their previous research after discovering the function of CaV.
While this happens, president Marcus Teal of Telecon is preparing to activate his fiber optic system that had outdone Microsoft and other computer companies in the "Big Turn On". A controversy erupts between the employees because some are winding up dead and the lead programmer Melora Parkridge begins to plan her revenge on the world after what technology had done to the entire civilization. She creates Reaper to destroy all technologies in the world after the Big Turn On. The virus is capable of burning computers away, but she is unaware that the virus has become self-aware and is killing humans by electrocuting them at the keyboards on PCs or using CaV as a weapon.
After a woman is killed by
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South%20Gosforth%20Metro%20station
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South Gosforth is a Tyne and Wear Metro station, serving the suburb of Gosforth, Newcastle upon Tyne in Tyne and Wear, England. It joined the network on 11 August 1980, following the opening of the first phase of the network, between Haymarket and Tynemouth via Four Lane Ends.
History
The station was opened as Gosforth on 27 June 1864 by the Blyth and Tyne Railway. It was later renamed South Gosforth on 1 March 1905, following to the opening of the nearby West Gosforth on the Gosforth and Ponteland Light Railway.
The original pre-grouping footbridge remains in use at South Gosforth. A similar footbridge removed from Percy Main has since been preserved by the National Railway Museum in York.
The station is located near to the South Gosforth Traction Maintenance Depot, which is located between stations at South Gosforth, Longbenton and Regent Centre. The depot, which opened in October 1923 under the London and North Eastern Railway, now serves as a facility for cleaning, storing and maintaining a fleet of 89 Metrocars.
The station also houses the Metro Control Centre. It is responsible for operating the network's signalling and electrical supply, as well as being used to communicate with train drivers and other staff, using two-way radio equipment.
Facilities
Step-free access is available at all stations across the Tyne and Wear Metro network, with ramped access to platforms at South Gosforth. Between platforms, step-free access is by the road bridge on Station Road. The station is equipped with ticket machines, waiting shelter, seating, next train information displays, timetable posters, and an emergency help point on both platforms. Ticket machines are able to accept payment with credit and debit card (including contactless payment), notes and coins. The station is also fitted with smartcard validators, which feature at all stations across the network.
There is no dedicated car parking available at this station. There is the provision for cycle parking, with five cycle pods available for use.
Services
, the station is served by up to ten trains per hour on weekdays and Saturday, and up to eight trains per hour during the evening and on Sunday. Additional services operate between and , , or South Gosforth at peak times.
Rolling stock used: Class 599 Metrocar
References
External links
Timetable and station information for South Gosforth
Newcastle upon Tyne
1864 establishments in England
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1864
1980 establishments in England
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1980
Tyne and Wear Metro Green line stations
Tyne and Wear Metro Yellow line stations
Transport in Tyne and Wear
Former North Eastern Railway (UK) stations
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WTVZ-TV
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WTVZ-TV (channel 33) is a television station licensed to Norfolk, Virginia, United States, serving the Hampton Roads area as an affiliate of MyNetworkTV. Owned by Sinclair Broadcast Group, the station maintains studios on Clearfield Avenue in Virginia Beach, and its transmitter is located in Suffolk, Virginia.
WTVZ signed on September 24, 1979, as the second independent station in the Hampton Roads area. It was owned by a consortium of local investors known as the Television Corporation of Virginia. The investors soon formed a station group: Television Corporation Stations, later TVX Broadcast Group, which was headquartered in Norfolk. WTVZ was immediately competitive in local ratings and battled with the more religiously oriented WYAH-TV throughout the 1980s. As with other TVX stations, it joined Fox at its launch in 1986.
TVX sold WTVZ to its general manager, Charles A. McFadden, in 1989; at the time, the company was selling smaller stations to reduce debt. McFadden's group, later known as Max Television, dallied with the possibility of producing a local newscast for the station throughout the early 1990s but never followed through. Sinclair acquired WTVZ in 1995; that year, Fox announced it would move its affiliation to WVBT (channel 43) in 1998 due to a business dispute with Sinclair. The station then joined The WB in 1998 and MyNetworkTV in 2006.
History
TVX ownership
In 1976, the Television Corporation of Virginia was formed in response to what its backers perceived as the need for another television station in the Norfolk area. Armed with an agreement to share the tower of public television station WHRO-TV, the group applied to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and received a construction permit for WTVZ-TV in June 1978. Two FCC commissioners dissented from the award because some of the investors in TVX—including Martha Davis, wife of future Virginia lieutenant governor Dick Davis—had holdings in Norfolk AM and FM radio stations; Television Corporation successfully argued that the addition of a new UHF station, first minority ownership of a local TV station, and integration of ownership and management outweighed these concerns. It also pointed to the fact that other attempts at commercial UHF television in Hampton Roads had failed economically. The investors secured the services of John A. Trinder, general sales manager at CBS affiliate WTAR-TV, and Tim McDonald, who had last been programming Washington independent WTTG, to help run the new WTVZ; McDonald required six months of coaxing to be lured away from Washington. The station aimed to offer counterprogramming to the existing network affiliates, reach the children's market (which Trinder and McDonald felt underserved), and provide facilities for local commercial production.
WTVZ-TV began broadcasting on September 24, 1979, featuring a general-entertainment mix including movies, sitcoms, cartoons, and sports. The new station quickly made an impact in the market, claiming
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GISD
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GISD is an acronym that may refer to:
Independent School Districts in Texas - G
Global Invasive Species Database
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WVBT
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WVBT (channel 43) is a television station licensed to Virginia Beach, Virginia, United States, serving the Hampton Roads area as an affiliate of the Fox network. It is owned by Nexstar Media Group alongside Portsmouth-licensed NBC affiliate WAVY-TV (channel 10). Both stations share studios on Wavy Street in downtown Portsmouth, while WVBT's transmitter is located in Suffolk, Virginia.
WVBT's programming is also seen on Class A repeaters WNLO-CD (channel 14) in Norfolk and WPMC-CD (channel 36) in Mappsville.
History
WVBT began operation on March 22, 1993, with Home Shopping Network programming along with infomercials and religious shows. It became a charter affiliate of The WB starting on January 11, 1995. Shortly thereafter, the station's original local owners signed a local marketing agreement (LMA) with LIN TV. Under that agreement, WAVY took over the station's operations, and WVBT moved to WAVY's studios in Portsmouth. In May 1996, WVBT began broadcasting from a new transmitter, giving it a coverage area comparable to the other major Hampton Roads stations. Before then, its over-the-air signal was effectively limited to Virginia Beach and parts of Norfolk.
LIN TV reached an affiliation agreement with Fox in November 1995, and outright purchased the station in 2002. Due to an affiliation deal between The WB and WTVZ's (channel 33) owner, Sinclair Broadcast Group, WTVZ swapped affiliations with WVBT in August 1998. The final WB program to air on WVBT was a repeat episode of The Steve Harvey Show, "Fool and the Gang" on July 29, 1998; almost three days later, the first Fox program to air on WVBT was Fox News Sunday.
Until January 2007, WAVY operated a 24-hour local weather channel called "WAVY Weather Station" on WVBT's second digital subchannel taking advantage of its 720p signal to present the service without interfering with video quality on either WAVY or WVBT. It was made cable-only in 2007 for unknown reasons, and eventually went dark in 2011. It was seen on Mediacom channel 9, Charter channel 22, and Cox digital channel 227. There were live current conditions, updated forecasts, and a live feed of "Super Doppler 10".
On March 21, 2014, Richmond-based Media General announced that it would buy LIN Media for $1.6 billion in cash and stock. The merger was completed on December 19, at which point WAVY and WVBT came under common ownership with ABC affiliate WRIC-TV in Petersburg (serving the Richmond market).
On January 27, 2016, Media General signed an agreement to have its assets acquired by Irving, Texas-based Nexstar Broadcasting Group for $4.6 billion, plus the assumption of $2.3 billion in Media General-held debt. The agreement followed Media General's termination of an earlier sale agreement with Des Moines–based Meredith Corporation, which received the right of first refusal to acquire any broadcast or digital properties that may be divested (a clause that Meredith did not exercise) in exchange for terminating its agreement with Me
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MISD
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MISD is an acronym that may refer to:
Independent School Districts in Texas - M
Marion Independent School District (Iowa)
Macomb Intermediate School District
Multiple instruction, single data, a parallel computing architecture
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SISD
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SISD can refer to:
Single instruction, single data, a computer processor architecture
CCL5, an 8kDa protein also using the symbol SISD
Sixteen-segment display
Several school districts in Texas. See List of school districts in Texas - S
Saginaw Intermediate School District (Michigan)
Southeast Island School District (Alaska)
Swiss International Scientific School in Dubai
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aga%20Khan%20University
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Aga Khan University is a non-profit institution and an agency of the Aga Khan Development Network. It was Founded in 1983 as Pakistan's first private university. Starting in 2000, the university expanded to Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, the United Kingdom and Afghanistan.
AKU began life as a health-sciences university. It is among the largest private health-care providers in Pakistan and East Africa. AKU hospitals were the first in those regions accredited by U.S.-based Joint Commission International.
More recently, the university has initiated programmes in teacher education, the study of Muslim civilisations, journalism, early childhood development and public policy. In the near future, the university plans to launch an undergraduate liberal-arts programme to educate future leaders in a wide range of fields and establish additional graduate professional schools.
History
Founded in 1983 by the Prince Aga Khan IV, AKU is one of the Aga Khan Development Network agencies.
1964: The Chancellor announces plans to construct Aga Khan Hospital and Medical College
1980: The contract for the main complex of Aga Khan University Hospital and Medial College was signed in London
1983: Former President of Pakistan presented the Charter of the university to the Chancellor, making it the first private international university in Pakistan; the first class of the university's School of Nursing graduates
1985: Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi inaugurated
1989: The university's medical college's first batch graduates
1994: The Institute for Educational Development, Karachi inaugurated
2001: The Advanced Nursing Studies Programme launched in Uganda
2002: The Institute for the Study of Muslim Civilisations established in London
2005: Aga Khan Hospital, Nairobi upgraded to Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi
2006: Inaugurated the Institute for Educational Development in East Africa, and the French Medical Institute for Children, managed by AKU, in Kabul
2007: The Examination Board conducts its first Secondary School Certificate examinations
2015: Aga Khan University, Tanzania granted University Charter by the president, Jakaya Kikwete
2012: Founded Graduate School of Media and Communications, Institute for Human Development, and East Africa Institute
2021: Aga Khan University, Kenya granted charter by President Uhuru Kenyatta.
2022-23: Aga Khan University launches the Faculty of Arts and Sciences on the Stadium Road Campus, Karachi, Pakistan. The Inaugural Dean was appointed in September 2022, with the Faculty launching in September 2023.
Academics
The Aga Khan University accounts for 75% of all biomedical research in Pakistan while the remaining 25 percent is shared by all the other institutions. AKU publishes more research articles in peer-reviewed, indexed internationally recognised journals than any other university in Pakistan. Faculty promotions are dependent on publications in indexed journals while most medical students have published by t
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feeding%20America
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Feeding America is a United States–based nonprofit organization that is a nationwide network of more than 200 food banks that feed more than 46 million people through food pantries, soup kitchens, shelters, and other community-based agencies. Forbes ranks it as the largest U.S. charity by revenue. Feeding America was known as America's Second Harvest until August 31, 2008.
History
In the mid-1960s, during rehabilitation in Phoenix, Arizona after a paralyzing injury, John van Hengel began volunteering at a local soup kitchen. He solicited food donations and ended up with far more food than the kitchen could use. Around this time, one of the clients told him that she regularly fed her children with discarded items from a grocery store garbage dumpster. She told him that the food quality was fine, but that there should be a place where unwanted food could be deposited and later withdrawn by people who needed it, like a bank.
Van Hengel began to actively solicit unwanted food from grocery stores, local gardens, and nearby citrus groves. His effort led to the creation of St. Mary's Food Bank in Phoenix, the nation's first food bank.
In 1975, St. Mary's was awarded a federal grant to assist in developing food banks across the nation.
This effort was formally incorporated into a separate non-profit organization in 1976.
In 2001, America's Second Harvest merged with Foodchain, which was the nation's largest food-rescue organization at that time.
In 2005, Feeding America began using an internal market with a synthetic currency called "shares" to more rationally allocate food. Currency is allocated based on the need, and then individual banks bid on which foods they want the most, based on local knowledge and ability to transport and store the food offered. Negative prices are possible, so banks could earn shares by picking up undesirable food. The previous centrally planned system had penalized banks for refusing any food offered, even if it was the wrong type to meet their needs, and this resulted in misallocations ("sending potatoes to Idaho"), food rotted away in places that did not need it, and the wrong types of food being delivered (e.g. not matching hot dogs with hot dog buns).
In May 2007, it was featured on American Idol, named as a charity in the Idol Gives Back charity program.
In September 2008, the organization name was changed from America's Second Harvest to Feeding America.
In August 2009, Columbia Records announced that all U.S. royalties from Bob Dylan's album Christmas in the Heart would be donated to Feeding America, in perpetuity.
There has been a rise in the numbers suffering from hunger since the financial crisis of 2007–2008. In 2013, the USDA reported that about 49 million U.S. Americans faced poor nutrition, about one in six of the population. In September, they launched Hunger Action Month, with events planned all over the nation, to raise awareness and get more U.S. Americans involved in helping out.
In 2015, Feed
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantitative%20history
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Quantitative history is a method of historical research that uses quantitative, statistical and computer resources. It is considered a type of the social science history and has four major journals: Historical Methods (1967– ), Journal of Interdisciplinary History (1968– ), the Social Science History (1976– ), and Cliodynamics: The Journal of Quantitative History and Cultural Evolution (2010– ).
Quantitative historians use databases as their main sources of information. Large quantities of economic and demographic data are available in print format which can be converted into computer databases. The largest repository presently is the Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR) of the University of Michigan, which provides access to an extensive collection of downloadable political and social data for the United States and the world.
Data bases
Content analysis is a technique borrowed from journalism research whereby newspapers, magazines or similar sources are coded numerically according to a standardized list of topics.
Economic history
Economic historians use major data sets, especially those collected by governments since the 1920s. Historians of slavery have used census data, sales receipts and price information to reconstruct the economic history of slavery.
Political history
Quantifiers study topics like voting behavior of groups in elections, the roll call behavior of legislators, public opinion distribution, and the occurrence rate of wars and legislation. Collective biography uses standardized information for a large group to deduce patterns of thought and behavior.
Social history
Social historians using quantitative methods (sometimes termed "new social historians", as they were "new" during the 1960s) use census data and other data sets to study entire populations. Topics include demographic issues such as population growth rates, rates of birth, death, marriage and disease, occupational and education distributions, genealogy and migrations and population changes.
A challenging technique is that of associating occurrences of the name of a given person ("nominal record linkage") whose information appears in multiple sources such as censuses, city directories, employment files and voting registration lists.
Cliodynamics is the application of scientific method to the study of history, combining insights from cultural evolution, macrosociology, and economic history/cliometrics to produce and analyse large quantitative datasets and identify general principles about the evolutionary dynamics and functioning of historical societies.
Topics
During 2007–2008, the five most viewed articles in Social Science History were:
S. J. Kleinberg, "Children's and Mothers' Wage Labor in Three Eastern U.S. Cities, 1880-1920" Mar 01, 2005; 29: 45-76.
Ted L. Gragson, Paul V. Bolstad, "A Local Analysis of Early-Eighteenth-Century Cherokee Settlement," Sep 01, 2007; 31: 435-468.
Helen Boritch, "The Crimina
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buses%20in%20Melbourne
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Buses in Melbourne, Australia, are a major form of public transport in Melbourne, with an extensive bus network. There are 346 routes in operation with a varying range of service frequencies, (including Night Network, excluding Kew School Services) operated by privately owned bus companies under franchise from the State Government. The Night Network bus system consists of 10 routes and operates on Friday and Saturday nights, and a SmartBus orbital bus network currently consisting of nine routes, which is intended to facilitate cross city travel, while the current network is predominantly a radial network. Most of the bus network is a covered by the myki ticketing system.
Several private operators provide bus services to Melbourne's major airports, the most significant of which is SkyBus. These services do not utilise the myki ticketing system.
Some local government councils operate free local community bus services within their local areas. There are also tourist bus services in the CBD and nearby tourist attractions.
While the city relies predominantly on an inner-city tram network and radial train network, the outer suburbs of Melbourne are primarily serviced by bus. Melbourne's buses also provide a local feeder to Melbourne's train and tram network. Unlike Melbourne's train and tram networks, up until the 1950s, buses in Melbourne were operated in a largely unregulated free market by private companies.
Post World War II, bus use in Melbourne peaked in 1952–1953 at 157 million passenger trips. Melbourne's total population at the time was 1.5 million meaning that on average each resident used a bus 100 times per year. By 1980–1981, patronage had fallen to a low of 71.5 million passenger trips for a population of 2.8 million - meaning that trips per capita had fallen to 25 per annum. In the 2013-2014 financial year, a total of 127.6 million passenger trips were recorded on Melbourne's buses by its 4.3 million residents. While this was an increase of 10.2 percent on the previous year and continued the trend of the previous decade, patronage was still only 29 trips per capita per annum.
Current public transport bus operators
History
Early history
The Melbourne Motor Omnibus Co Ltd was formed in 1912 to be the first motor bus operator in Melbourne. The company imported a Daimler CC bus from England, which was put to exhaustive tests under local conditions. The bus held 20 persons inside and 14 to 16 on the upper deck. The bus was imported as a complete vehicle, but for future buses cab chassis were to be imported with local Australian coach builders able to make the bus body following the example from the test vehicle.
The Daimler CC bus arrived in November 1912, and featured a Knight sleeve valve engine rated at 40 h.p., a silent chain type gearing system and a worm type gear box. This was the same vehicle that the London County Council had just ordered 400 units of to extend their services around London.
On Christmas Eve 1912 it was rep
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