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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suhana%20Meharchand
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Suhana Meharchand is a Canadian retired journalist who was most recently a CBC News Network anchor and host of CBC News Now.
Early life
Meharchand was born in Durban, South Africa, and raised in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Meharchand is a graduate of broadcast journalism from Ryerson University. Her career in journalism was inspired by an uncle who ran an underground newspaper in her native South Africa.
Career
Meharchand's first jobs as a journalist were at CHCH-TV, a TV station in Hamilton, Ontario and at CBET in Windsor, Ontario. She later moved to Ottawa, where she spent three years as a general reporter and weekend anchor at CJOH-TV, a CTV affiliate.
From September 1987 to July 1989, Meharchand was host and producer of What's New, CBC-TV's national news and current affairs program for young people.
She subsequently became the anchor of the Saturday Evening News broadcast in the Toronto-London-Windsor region.
In September 1995, she was appointed anchor of the CBC Evening News on CBLT in Toronto. Meharchand replaced Bill Cameron who had moved to Halifax to anchor CBC Newsworld's morning telecast. In September 2000, following the cancellation of CBC Evening News, Meharchand moved on to anchor news broadcasts on CBC Newsworld. She later became the host of Saturday Report, CBC's national weekend news program.
Meharchand has received two Gemini Award nominations for her work, and has won several international awards for documentary work, including awards from the Columbus International Film & Video Festival and the New York Film and TV Festival. She is the recipient of a Paul Harris Fellowship awarded by Rotary International and an Honorary Member of the Canadian Women's Foundation.
She retired from CBC News on September 30, 2022, after a 36-year career.
Personal life
Meharchand is of Indian ancestry. She was married to federal politician and former broadcaster Adam Vaughan, and she had one of her three children with him. In 2016, she announced she was diagnosed with breast cancer.
Meharchand actively supports Performers for Literacy, Gems of Hope, the Redwood Shelter for Women and Children, the Canadian Paraplegic Association, The Hospital for Sick Children and the Princess Margaret Breast Cancer Centre.
References
1962 births
Canadian television news anchors
Canadian people of Indian descent
Living people
Toronto Metropolitan University alumni
South African emigrants to Canada
South African people of Indian descent
CBC Television people
Canadian women television journalists
20th-century Canadian journalists
21st-century Canadian journalists
20th-century Canadian women
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thein%20Oo
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Thein Oo (aka) Kaung Htet from codigo (; born 09 Dec 1994) is a businessman in Myanmar's computer industry, President of the Myanmar Computer Federation (a semi-governmental Nonprofit organization) and also the president of ACE Data Systems, (ACE Group of companies.)
References
External links
ICT experts urged to join 3G software development
Myanmar Computer Federation (MCF)
Burmese engineers
1948 births
Living people
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20PTA%20Disbands
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"The PTA Disbands" is the twenty-first episode of the sixth season of the American animated television series, The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on April 16, 1995. In the episode, Bart Simpson manipulates Edna Krabappel into organizing a strike of Springfield Elementary's teachers union to protest Principal Skinner's miserly school spending.
The episode was written by Jennifer Crittenden and directed by Swinton O. Scott III, with David Mirkin serving as show-runner. It received favorable mention in books on The Simpsons and media reviews, and was cited by academicians, who analyzed portions of the episode from physics and psychology perspectives.
Plot
Principal Skinner and Edna Krabappel oversee a school field trip to Fort Springfield. Upon arriving, Skinner learns admission is no longer free due to new management. Unable to afford tickets, he has the students watch a Civil War reenactment by peering over the fort's fence. Outraged by the students' attempt to "learn for free", the actors charge at the teachers and students, most of whom barely manage to escape in Otto's dilapidated bus (although Üter is left behind and assaulted). Later, Bart manipulates Edna into calling a teachers' union strike to protest Skinner's miserly spending.
While school is closed, students cope in their own ways: Lisa grows increasingly obsessive in her desire to be graded, Milhouse's work ethic improves after his parents hire a private tutor, and Jimbo finds himself immersed in the intricate plots of his mother's soap operas. Bart revels in his newfound freedom to Marge's annoyance, and continues to manipulate the conflict between Skinner and the teachers' union. When the two sides reach an impasse, Marge demands that the PTA meet to devise a compromise. Skinner insists that even with his penny-pinching, government budget cuts have squeezed the school dry and the only way to increase spending on staff salaries and school supplies is to raise taxes.
Ned Flanders suggests that the townspeople act as substitute teachers. While this ploy gets the children back to school, it has its own disadvantages: Professor Frink is ill-equipped to teach preschoolers, Jasper is forced to send Lisa's class home early when his beard gets stuck in a pencil sharpener, and Marge becomes Bart's teacher after he scares Moe and other substitutes with his pranks, making him a laughingstock among his peers due to her mothering. Frustrated, Bart locks Edna and Skinner in the principal's office for several hours to negotiate. They devise a plan to use the school's cloakrooms to house convicts from the overcrowded Springfield Penitentiary. This generates enough money to persuade teachers to return to work and keep troublesome students in line, although Bart intends to free Snake Jailbird.
Production
The episode was written by Jennifer Crittenden. She came into the writers' room and pitched the idea that there should be a teachers' strike in an episode.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep%20%28command%29
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In computing, sleep is a command in Unix, Unix-like and other operating systems that suspends program execution for a specified time.
Overview
The sleep instruction suspends the calling process for at least the specified number of seconds (the default), minutes, hours or days.
for Unix-like systems is part of the X/Open Portability Guide since issue 2 of 1987. It was inherited into the first version of POSIX and the Single Unix Specification. It first appeared in Version 4 Unix.
The version of sleep bundled in GNU coreutils was written by Jim Meyering and Paul Eggert. The command is also available in the OS-9 shell, in the KolibriOS Shell, and part of the FreeDOS Package group Utilities. The FreeDOS version was developed by Trane Francks and is licensed under the GPL.
A sleep command is also part of ASCII's MSX-DOS2 Tools for MSX-DOS version 2.
In PowerShell, sleep is a predefined command alias for the Start-Sleep cmdlet which serves the same purpose. Microsoft also provides a sleep resource kit tool for Windows which can be used in batch files or the command prompt to pause the execution and wait for some time. Another native version is the timeout command which is part of current versions of Windows.
The command is available as a separate package for Microsoft Windows as part of the UnxUtils collection of native Win32 ports of common GNU Unix-like utilities. The command has also been ported to the IBM i operating system.
Usage
sleep number
Where number is an integer number to indicate the time period in seconds. Some implementations support floating point numbers.
Options
None.
Examples
sleep 30
Causes the current terminal session to wait 30 seconds.
sleep 18000
Causes the current terminal session to wait 5 hours
GNU sleep
sleep 3h ; mplayer foo.mp3
Wait 3 hours then play the file
Note that sleep 5h30m and sleep 5h 30m are illegal since sleep takes only one value and unit as argument. However, sleep 5.5h (a floating point) is allowed. Consecutive executions of sleep can also be used.
sleep 5h; sleep 30m
Sleep 5 hours, then sleep another 30 minutes.
The GNU Project's implementation of sleep (part of coreutils) allows the user to pass an arbitrary floating point or multiple arguments, therefore sleep 5h 30m (a space separating hours and minutes is needed) will work on any system which uses GNU sleep, including Linux.
Possible uses for sleep include scheduling tasks and delaying execution to allow a process to start, or waiting until a shared network connection most likely has few users to wget a large file.
See also
Sleep (system call)
References
External links
Unix SUS2008 utilities
Unix process- and task-management-related software
Plan 9 commands
Inferno (operating system) commands
IBM i Qshell commands
Microcomputer software
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund%20Lodge
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Edmund Lodge, KH (1756–1839), herald, was a long-serving English officer of arms, a writer on heraldic subjects, and a compiler of short biographies.
Life and career
Lodge was born in Poland Street, London on 13 June 1756, the son of Edmund Lodge, rector of Carshalton, Surrey and his wife, Mary Garrard, daughter of Richard Garrard of Carshalton. Little is known of his education, but he briefly held a cornet's commission in the army, which he resigned in 1773. In 1782 he became Bluemantle Pursuivant of Arms in Ordinary at the College of Arms. He subsequently became Lancaster Herald of Arms in Ordinary, Norroy King of Arms, and Clarenceux King of Arms, in other words second in command of the college. In 1832, he was appointed Knight of the Hanoverian Royal Guelphic Order, but was not subsequently made a knight bachelor to entitle him to the prefix Sir, which often came with appointments to that order. He married Jane-Anne-Elizabeth Field (died May 1820) on 27 April 1808, but they had no children. He died at his house in Bloomsbury Square, London on 16 January 1839.
Publications
Lodge wrote Illustrations of British History, Biography, and Manners in the Reigns of Henry VIII, Edward VI, Mary, Elizabeth and James I (3 vols., 1791), which consisted of selections from the manuscripts of the Howard, Talbot and Cecil families preserved at the College of Arms. He also wrote Life of Sir Julius Caesar (2nd ed., 1827). He contributed the literary matter to Portraits of Illustrious Personages of Great Britain (1814, &c.), an elaborate work of which a popular edition is included in Bohn's Illustrated Library. His most important work on heraldry was The Genealogy of the Existing British Peerage (1832; enlarged edition, 1859). In The Annual Peerage and Baronetage (1827–1829), reissued after 1832 as Peerage of the British Empire, and generally known as Lodge's Peerage, his share did not go beyond the title-page.
Works
Edmund Lodge Portraits of Illustrious Personages of Great Britain with... Later the plates, copyrights and future book sales were sold at auction for £4200 to W. Smith, and appeared in numerous publications.
Online:
vol. 1
vol. 2
vol. 3
vol. 4
vol. 5
vol. 6
vol. 7
vol. 8
Edmund Lodge The Genealogy of the Existing British Peerage, Saunders and Otley, 1832. at Google Books
Edmund Lodge The Genealogy of the Existing British Peerage, 1859. at Google Books
Arms
References
1756 births
1839 deaths
English officers of arms
English genealogists
Writers from London
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TERENA
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The Trans-European Research and Education Networking Association (TERENA, ) was a not-for-profit association of European national research and education networks (NRENs) incorporated in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. The association was originally formed on 13 June 1986 as Réseaux Associés pour la Recherche Européenne (RARE) and changed its name to TERENA in October 1994. In October 2015, it again changed its name to GÉANT and at the same time acquired the shares of GEANT Limited (previously known as DANTE).
Purpose
The objectives of TERENA are to promote and develop high-quality international network infrastructures to support European research and education. This includes:
investigating, evaluating and deploying new network, middleware and application technologies;
supporting new networking services where appropriate;
knowledge transfer, among others in the shape of conferences, seminars and training events;
advising governments and other authorities on networking issues;
liaising with networking organisations in other parts of the world.
Full membership of TERENA is open to NRENs (one per member country of the ITU) and international public sector organisations. Associate membership is available for other organisations (commercial or otherwise) with an interest in research and education networking. A complete list of the current members can be found on the TERENA website.
Similar organisations elsewhere in the world include Internet2, APAN, UbuntuNet Alliance and CLARA (Cooperación Latino Americana de Redes Avanzadas). In addition, DANTE operates the pan-European research and education backbone network.
History
RARE
TERENA was founded under the name Réseaux Associés pour la Recherche Européenne (RARE) on 13 June 1986. It was created by several European networking organisations to promote open computer networking standards (specifically the OSI protocols). The first few years were dominated by the Co-operation for Open Systems Interconnection Networking in Europe (COSINE) project. COSINE led to the implementation of some of the first standardised network-related services, for example X.400 email and X.500 directory service. X.25 technology was generally used for connectivity. This technology was also used in a network called IXI (International X.25 Infrastructure Backbone Service), which was the first generation of the backbone network interconnecting the national research networks in Europe, known today as GÉANT. To run the European backbone, RARE's Operational Unit was later split off from the association under the name DANTE.
Meanwhile, the need to choose between the OSI protocols and the Internet Protocol (IP) became the subject of a long-lasting controversy known as the Protocol Wars. By the early 1990s, IP became the dominant protocol in data networking. By 1991, a project called Ebone was proposed as an interim solution while the European research networking community made the transition from OSI to IP. The Réseaux IP Européens
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluent%20%28artificial%20intelligence%29
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In artificial intelligence, a fluent is a condition that can change over time. In logical approaches to reasoning about actions, fluents can be represented in first-order logic by predicates having an argument that depends on time. For example, the condition "the box is on the table", if it can change over time, cannot be represented by ; a third argument is necessary to the predicate to specify the time: means that the box is on the table at time . This representation of fluents is modified in the situation calculus by using the sequence of the past actions in place of the current time.
A fluent can also be represented by a function, dropping the time argument. For example, that the box is on the table can be represented by , where is a function and not a predicate. In first-order logic, converting predicates to functions is called reification; for this reason, fluents represented by functions are said to be reified. When using reified fluents, a separate predicate is necessary to tell when a fluent is actually true or not. For example, means that the box is actually on the table at time , where the predicate is the one that tells when fluents are true. This representation of fluents is used in the event calculus, in the fluent calculus, and in the features and fluents logics.
Some fluents can be represented as functions in a different way. For example, the position of a box can be represented by a function whose value is the object the box is standing on at time . Conditions that can be represented in this way are called functional fluents. Statements about the values of such functions can be given in first-order logic with equality using literals such as . Some fluents are represented this way in the situation calculus.
Naive physics
From a historical point of view, fluents were introduced in the context of qualitative reasoning. The idea is to describe a process model not with mathematical equations but with natural language. That means an action is not only determined by its trajectory, but with a symbolic model, very similar to a text adventure. Naive physics stands in opposition to a numerical physics engine and has the obligation to predict the outcome of actions. The fluent realizes the common sense grounding between the robot's motion and the task description in natural language.
From a technical perspective, a fluent is equal to a parameter that is parsed by the naive physics engine. The parser converts between natural language fluents and numerical values measured by sensors. As a consequence, the human-machine interaction is improved.
See also
Event calculus
Fluent calculus
Frame problem
Situation calculus
References
Logic in computer science
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%20%28Philippine%20TV%20network%29
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Q (formerly QTV and stylized as Qtv, standing for Quality Television) was a television network in the Philippines run by GMA Network Inc. through Citynet Network Marketing and Productions, Inc. The network primarily aired lifestyle and entertainment programs particularly aimed towards women. Its flagship station was DZOE-TV, which GMA ran as part of a lease with its owner, ZOE Broadcasting Network (who also aired programming on Q's schedule as part of the agreement, which also granted it access to technical resources from GMA).
On February 20, 2011, Q was discontinued in preparation for the launch of a new secondary network, GMA News TV, which later rebranded to GTV (Philippine TV network) on February 22, 2021.
History
Q launched on November 11, 2005 as QTV, standing for "Quality Television". Its flagship stations in Metro Manila were DZOE-TVwhich GMA leased as part of a partnership with the religious broadcaster ZOE Broadcasting Network (gaining control of the station in exchange for providing equipment for ZOE, and allowing airtime for ZOE-produced programming on QTV), with the GMA-owned DWDB-TV serving as a UHF translator (GMA had previously operated as the independent station Citynet 27, before it went silent in the middle of 2001). The new network would feature a lineup predominantly aimed towards women, with a mixture of domestic and imported lifestyle programs and drama series. On March 18, 2007, QTV introduced a new logo, branding the network simply as "Q".
Relaunch as GMA News TV
On February 7, 2011, GMA Network announced that it would replace Q with the news channel GMA News TV (now GTV). As Q's programming ended on February 20; the network, broadcasting under transitional branding Channel 11, continued to air teasers for the impending re-launch from February 21–25, and signed off completely on the 26th and 27th of the same month in preparation for its formal re-launch as GMA News TV on February 28.
Final Programming
Some of Q's programming consists of Filipino and English-language programming, and additional programming produced by GMA.
See also
List of Philippine television networks
ZOE Broadcasting Network
A2Z
GMA Network
GTV
References
External links
Q @ Telebisyon.net
Defunct television networks in the Philippines
Television channels and stations established in 2005
Television channels and stations disestablished in 2011
Women's interest channels
2005 establishments in the Philippines
2011 disestablishments in the Philippines
GMA Network (company) channels
ZOE Broadcasting Network
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6over4
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6over4 is an IPv6 transition mechanism meant to transmit IPv6 packets between dual-stack nodes on top of a multicast-enabled IPv4 network. IPv4 is used as a virtual data link layer (virtual Ethernet) on which IPv6 can be run.
How 6over4 works
6over4 defines a trivial method for generating a link-local IPv6 address from an IPv4 address, and a mechanism to perform Neighbor Discovery on top of IPv4.
Link-local address generation
Any host wishing to participate in 6over4 over a given IPv4 network can set up a virtual IPv6 network interface. The link-local address is determined as follows :
it starts with fe80:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000, or fe80:: for short,
the lower-order 32 bits to the binary value must be that of the IPv4 address of the host.
For example, host 192.0.2.142 would use fe80:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:c000:028e as its link-local IPv6 address (192.0.2.142 is c000028e in hexadecimal notation). A shortened notation would be fe80::c000:028e.
Multicast Address Mapping
To perform ICMPv6 Neighbor Discovery, multicast must be used. Any IPv6 multicast packet gets encapsulated in an IPv4 multicast packet with destination 239.192.x.y, where x and y are the penultimate and last bytes of the IPv6 multicast address respectively.
Examples
All-Nodes Multicast (ff02::1) - 239.192.0.1
All-Routers Multicast (ff02::2) - 239.192.0.2
Solicited Node Multicast for fe80::c000:028e (the link-local address of 192.0.2.142) - 239.192.2.142
Neighbor Discovery
Given a link-local address and a multicast addresses mapping, a host can use ICMPv6 to discover its on-link neighbors and routers, and usually perform stateless autoconfiguration, as it would do on top of, e.g. Ethernet.
Limit of 6over4
6over4 relies on IPv4 multicast availability which is not very widely supported by IPv4 networking infrastructure. 6over4 is of limited practical use, and is not supported by the most common operating systems.
To connect IPv6 hosts on different physical links, IPv4 multicast routing must be enabled on the routers connecting the links.It will also work on windows,iOS, Android,etc.
ISATAP is a more complex alternative to 6over4 which does not rely on IPv4 multicast.
References
B. Carpenter & C. Jung Transmission of IPv6 over IPv4 Domains without Explicit Tunnels , March 1999.
See also
4over6
IPv6 transition technologies
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User%20Location%20Service
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In computing, User Location Service was a standards-based protocol for directory services and presence information, first submitted as a draft to the IETF in February 1996.
Client software supporting ULS included early versions of Microsoft Netmeeting, Intel Video Phone and FreeWebFone. Netmeeting had depreciated ULS in favour of Internet Locator Service by 1997 and FreeWebFone no longer exists.
A ULS server provides directory services and presence lookup for clients. At one stage, public ULS servers were made available by Microsoft and others, but these have largely been abandoned.
ULS typically runs on the TCP port 522.
See also
Internet Locator Service
LDAP
External links
Microsoft Technet: Netmeeting
Freewebfone User Location Server
Microsoft NetMeeting Overview
ULS Internet-Draft submitted to the IETF by Microsoft in 1996
Network protocols
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Century%20%28disambiguation%29
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A century is a period of 100 years.
Century, The Century or Centuries may also refer to:
Arts, entertainment and media
Broadcasting
Century Network, a former group of independent local radio stations in England
Century Radio, a former national commercial radio station in Ireland
Film and television
Century (film), a 1993 British film
The Century: America's Time, a 1999 American documentary
Literature
Century (1999 book), a coffee table book
Century (novel), by Fred Mustard Stewart, 1981
The Century (book), a 2005 non-fiction book by Alain Badiou
The Century (newspaper), in Nellis Air Force Base in Las Vegas, 1960–1980
Century Dictionary, an encyclopedic dictionary of the English language
The Century Magazine, an American magazine 1881–1930
The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen, Volume III: Century, a comic series
Magdeburg Centuries, an ecclesiastical history first published 1559–1574
Music
Century (American band), a metalcore band
Century (French band), a French rock band
"Century" (song), by The Long Blondes, 2008
"Century", a song by Feist from the 2017 album Pleasure
"Century", a 1991 song by Intastella
"Century", a song by Big Thief from the 2019 album U.F.O.F.
"Centuries" (song), by Fall Out Boy, 2014
Other uses in arts and entertainment
Century (comics), a Marvel Comics character
Century: Spice Road, a 2017 table-top strategy game
Businesses and organisations
Century (imprint), an imprint of Random House
Century Aluminum, an American producer of primary aluminium
Century Building Society, a Scottish building society
Century Casinos, an American gaming company
Century Properties, a real estate company in the Philippines
Century Time Gems, Swiss watch maker
The Century Company, an American publisher 1881–1933
Century College, in White Bear Lake, Minnesota, U.S.
Century High School (disambiguation)
Places
Century, Florida, U.S.
Century, West Virginia, U.S., a town in the United States
Centuries, Hythe, a house in Kent, England
The Century (Los Angeles), a condominium skyscraper in Century City, California, U.S.
The Century (Central Park West, Manhattan), an apartment building
Sports
Century (cricket), a score of 100 or more runs in a single innings by a batter
Century break in snooker, a score of 100 points or more in one visit at the table without missing a shot
Century ride, a road cycling ride of 100 miles
Transportation
Century (ship), the lead cruise ship of the Century-class
Century-class ferry, of BC Ferries, the only one of which is MV Skeena Queen
Century (automobile), an early electric vehicle 1911–15
Buick Century, the model name of several cars
Toyota Century, a luxury sedan car
Century Series, a group of American fighter aircraft between F-100 and F-106
Other uses
Century plant, Agave americana, a species of flowering plant
Century type family, a family of serif type faces
See also
Century Building (disambiguation)
Century City (disambiguation)
Century House (disambiguation)
Century Park (disambiguation)
Centur
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20%20to%20One
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20 to One (known as 20 to 1 before 2016) is an Australian television series on the Nine Network from 2005, that counts down an undefined "top 20" of elements or events of popular culture, such as films, songs, or sporting scandals. The format mixes archival footage of the listed events with comments from various Australian celebrities.
Originally the show was hosted by Bud Tingwell and narrated by David Reyne; the pair were replaced by Bert Newton as host for the second season. The series was rebooted by the Nine Network and returned for its eleventh season on 31 May 2016 with new hosts, Australian radio presenters Fitzy and Wippa. From 2017, the show was hosted by Erin Molan and Dave Thornton.
Format
Each episode counts down the "top twenty" events following a particular theme, from position 20 down to number 1. Media clips depicting the event are played as the host provides background information of the entry. This is followed by clips of celebrities providing judgment on the clip or event.
Controversy
During the segment aired on 19 June 2019, co-hosts Erin Molan and Nick Cody stated that the South Korean boy band BTS was "so popular it could heal the rift between North and South Korea." She also mentioned the band's success in the United States, even though "only one band member actually speaks English." among other comments. Many other celebrities made similar comments during the segment. Most notably was comedian Jimmy Carr, who jokingly compared the band's international success to the explosion of a nuclear bomb in North Korea, saying: "When I first heard something Korean had exploded in America, I got worried. So I guess, it could've been worse – but not much worse." Subsequently, the hashtags #channel9apologize and #channel9racist started trending as fans of the band demanded an apology from Channel 9. The BTS Australia Twitter fan account wrote: "This is unfair and presenting inaccurate information. You disregarded their achievements, and instead let your xenophobic, racist mindsets be biased instead. We want an apology." On 20 June 2019, Channel 9 issued a non-apology apology, writing: "We apologize to any who may have been offended by last night's episode."
Series overview
Episodes
Season One (2005)
Season Two (2006)
Season Three (2006)
Season Four (2007)
Season Five (2007–08)
Season Six (2008)
Season Seven (2008–09)
Season Eight (2009)
Season Nine (2010)
Season Ten (2011)
Season Eleven (2016)
Season Twelve (2017)
Celebrity contributors
This is a partial list (some in order of appearance) of the celebrities who contributed comments to 20 to One.
2005–2011
Amanda Keller – TV and Radio Presenter
Anh Do – Comedian
Anthony Callea – Singer
Ash & Luttsy – Radio Personalities
Ben Dark – TV Presenter
Bianca Dye – Radio Presenter
Bill Collins – Movie Reviewer
Billy Birmingham – Comedian
Blair McDonough – Reality TV Star / Actor
Bob Willis – Former English Cricket Captain
Brendan Jones – Radio Presenter
Brodie H
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISATAP
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ISATAP (intra-site automatic tunnel addressing protocol) is an IPv6 transition mechanism meant to transmit IPv6 packets between dual-stack nodes on top of an IPv4 network. It is defined in the informational RFC 5214.
Unlike 6over4 (an older similar protocol using IPv4 multicast), ISATAP uses IPv4 as a virtual non-broadcast multiple-access network (NBMA) data link layer, so that it does not require the underlying IPv4 network infrastructure to support multicast.
Criticisms of ISATAP
ISATAP typically builds its PRL by consulting the DNS; hence, in the OSI model it is a lower-layer protocol that relies on a higher layer. A circularity is avoided by relying on an IPv4 DNS server, which does not rely on IPv6 routing being established; however, some network specialists claim that these violations lead to insufficient protocol robustness.
ISATAP carries the same security risks as 6over4: the IPv4 virtual link must be delimited carefully at the network edge, so that external IPv4 hosts cannot pretend to be part of the ISATAP link. That is normally done by ensuring that proto-41 (6in4) cannot pass through the firewall.
Implementations of ISATAP
ISATAP is implemented in Microsoft Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 10, Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2012, Windows Server 2016, Windows Server 2019, Windows Mobile, Linux, and in Cisco IOS (since IOS 12.2(14)S and IOS XE Release 2.1).
Due to a patent claim, early in-kernel implementations were withdrawn from both KAME (*BSD) and USAGI (Linux). However, the IETF IPR disclosure search engine reports that the would-be infringing patent's holder requires no license from implementers. ISATAP support has been supported in Linux since kernel version 2.6.25, the tool isatapd provides a userspace helper. For prior kernels, the open source project Miredo provided an incomplete userland ISATAP implementation, which was removed in version 1.1.6.
References
External links
IPv6 transition technologies
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAD%20data%20exchange
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CAD data exchange is a method of drawing data exchange used to translate between different computer-aided design (CAD) authoring systems or between CAD and other downstream CAx systems.
Many companies use different CAD systems and exchange CAD data file format with suppliers, customers, and subcontractors. Such formats are often proprietary. Transfer of data is necessary so that, for example, one organization can be developing a CAD model, while another performs analysis work on the same model; at the same time a third organization is responsible for manufacturing the product.
Since the 1980s, a range of different CAD technologies have emerged. They differ in their application aims, user interfaces, performance levels, and in data structures and data file formats. For interoperability purposes a requirement of accuracy in the data exchange process is of paramount importance and robust exchange mechanisms are needed.
The exchange process targets primarily the geometric information of the CAD data but it can also target other aspects such as metadata, knowledge, manufacturing information, tolerances and assembly structure.
There are three options available for CAD data exchange: direct model translation, neutral file exchange and third-party translators.
CAD data content
Although initially targeted for the geometric information (wire frame, surfaces, solids and drawings) of a product, nowadays there are other pieces of information that can be retrieved from a CAD file:
Metadata – non-graphical attributes, e.g.:
part or detail numbers
author of the drawing
revision level, file path on the computer or network storage
system, the release information, etc.
Design intent data – e.g. history trees, formulas, rules, guidelines
Application data – e.g. Numerical Control tool paths, Geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T), process planning and assembly structure
The different types of product information targeted by the exchange process may vary throughout the life cycle of the product. At earlier stages of the design process, more emphasis is given to the geometric and design intent aspects of the data exchange while metadata and application data are more important at later stages of the product and process development.
Data exchange options
There are at least three ways to exchange data between different CAD system: via a hardcopy or image (e.g. TIFF, GIF, JPEG, BMP or PCX, by way of image tracing), CAD-neutral formats or third-party CAD file translators between proprietary file formats. All have their advantages and disadvantages and may be error-prone.
Direct model translation
Direct data translators provide a direct solution which entails translating the data stored in a product database directly from one CAD system format to another, usually in one step. There usually exists a neutral database in a direct data translator. The structure of the neutral database must be general, governed by the minimum required definitions of any of
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorbis%20comment
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A Vorbis comment is a metadata container used in the Vorbis, FLAC, Theora, Speex and Opus file formats. It allows information such as the title, artist, album, track number or other information about the file to be added to the file itself. However, as the official Ogg Vorbis documentation notes, “[the comment header] is meant for short, text comments, not arbitrary metadata; arbitrary metadata belongs in a separate logical bitstream (usually an XML stream type) that provides greater structure and machine parseability.” Instead, the intended function of Vorbis comments is to approximate the kind of information that might be hand-inked onto a blank faced CD-R or CD-RW: a few lines of notes briefly detailing the content.
Format
A Vorbis tag is a list of fields in the format FieldName=Data. The field name can be composed of printable ASCII characters, 0x20 (space) through 0x7D (‘}’), with 0x3D (‘=’) and 0x7E (‘~’) excluded. It is case insensitive, so artist and ARTIST are the same field.
The number of fields and their length is restricted to 4,294,967,295 (the maximum value of an unsigned 32-bit integer), but most tag editing applications impose stricter limits. FLAC has a smaller limit of 24-bit in a METADATA_BLOCK_VORBIS_COMMENT, because it stores thumbnails and cover art in binary big-endian METADATA_BLOCK_PICTUREs outside of the FLAC tags.
The data is encoded in UTF-8, and so any conforming Unicode string may be used as a value.
Any field name is allowed, and there is no format that the data values must be in. This is in contrast to the ID3 format used for MP3s, which is highly structured. Field names are also permitted to be used more than once. It is encouraged to use this feature to support multiple values, for example two ARTIST=... fields to list both artists of a single composition.
The specification gives several example tag names such as TITLE and TRACKNUMBER. Most applications also support common de facto standards, such as DISCNUMBER, RATING, and tags for ReplayGain information. Ratings are usually mapped as 1-5 stars with 20,40,60,80,100 as the actual string values.
There are no provisions for storing binary data in Vorbis comments. This is by design; they are intended to be used as part of a container format such as Ogg, and any additional binary data should be encoded into the container as a stream. The exception to this, by popular request, is a proposal to incorporate cover art into a Vorbis comment.
See also
APEv2 tag
ID3
CD-Text
References
Metadata
Computer file formats
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quickselect
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In computer science, quickselect is a selection algorithm to find the kth smallest element in an unordered list, also known as the kth order statistic. Like the related quicksort sorting algorithm, it was developed by Tony Hoare, and thus is also known as Hoare's selection algorithm. Like quicksort, it is efficient in practice and has good average-case performance, but has poor worst-case performance. Quickselect and its variants are the selection algorithms most often used in efficient real-world implementations.
Quickselect uses the same overall approach as quicksort, choosing one element as a pivot and partitioning the data in two based on the pivot, accordingly as less than or greater than the pivot. However, instead of recursing into both sides, as in quicksort, quickselect only recurses into one side – the side with the element it is searching for. This reduces the average complexity from to , with a worst case of .
As with quicksort, quickselect is generally implemented as an in-place algorithm, and beyond selecting the th element, it also partially sorts the data. See selection algorithm for further discussion of the connection with sorting.
Algorithm
In quicksort, there is a subprocedure called partition that can, in linear time, group a list (ranging from indices left to right) into two parts: those less than a certain element, and those greater than or equal to the element. Here is pseudocode that performs a partition about the element list[pivotIndex]:
function partition(list, left, right, pivotIndex) is
pivotValue := list[pivotIndex]
swap list[pivotIndex] and list[right] // Move pivot to end
storeIndex := left
for i from left to right − 1 do
if list[i] < pivotValue then
swap list[storeIndex] and list[i]
increment storeIndex
swap list[right] and list[storeIndex] // Move pivot to its final place
return storeIndex
This is known as the Lomuto partition scheme, which is simpler but less efficient than Hoare's original partition scheme.
In quicksort, we recursively sort both branches, leading to best-case time. However, when doing selection, we already know which partition our desired element lies in, since the pivot is in its final sorted position, with all those preceding it in an unsorted order and all those following it in an unsorted order. Therefore, a single recursive call locates the desired element in the correct partition, and we build upon this for quickselect:
// Returns the k-th smallest element of list within left..right inclusive
// (i.e. left <= k <= right).
function select(list, left, right, k) is
if left = right then // If the list contains only one element,
return list[left] // return that element
pivotIndex := ... // select a pivotIndex between left and right,
// e.g., left + floor(rand() % (right − left + 1))
pivotIndex := partition(list, left, right, pivotIndex)
// The pivo
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CrossDOS
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CrossDOS is a file system handler for accessing FAT formatted media on Amiga computers. It was bundled with AmigaOS 2.1 and later. Its function was to allow working with disks formatted for PCs and Atari STs (and others). In the 1990s it became a commonly used method of file exchange between Amiga systems and other platforms.
CrossDOS supported both double density (720 KB) and high density (1.44 MB) floppy disks on compatible disk drives. As with AmigaDOS disk handling, it allowed automatic disk-change detection for FAT formatted floppy disks. The file system was also used with hard disks and other media for which CrossDOS provided hard disk configuration software. However, the versions of CrossDOS bundled with AmigaOS did not support long filenames, an extension to FAT that was introduced with Microsoft's Windows 95.
History
CrossDOS was originally developed as a stand-alone commercial product by Consultron, which was available for AmigaOS 1.2 and 1.3. In 1992 Commodore included a version of CrossDOS with AmigaOS 2.1 (and with later versions), so that users could work with PC formatted disks. In fact, the bundled version will also work with version 2.0 of AmigaOS. The bundled CrossDOS replaced an obscure tool in earlier versions of AmigaOS that could access FAT formatted disks on a secondary floppy disk drive only (this tool was not a complete file system but a user program to read files from a FAT formatted disk). Development of CrossDOS continued after being bundled with the OS. CrossDOS 7 was the last version released and included support for long filenames and other features not available in the bundled version.
References
See also
Amiga Fast File System
Amiga Old File System
File Allocation Table
List of file systems
Comparison of file systems
AmigaOS
Amiga software
Disk file systems
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volume%20Table%20of%20Contents
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In the IBM System/360 storage architecture, the Volume Table of Contents (VTOC), is a data structure that provides a way of locating the data sets that reside on a particular DASD volume. With the exception of the IBM Z compatible disk layout in Linux on Z, it is the functional equivalent of the MS/PC DOS File Allocation Table (FAT), the NTFS Master File Table (MFT), and an inode table in a file system for a Unix-like system. The VTOC is not used to contain any IPLTEXT and does not have any role in the IPL process, therefore does not have any data used by or functionally equivalent to the MBR. It lists the names of each data set on the volume as well as size, location, and permissions. Additionally, it contains an entry for every area of contiguous free space on the volume. The third record on the first track of the first cylinder of any DASD (e.g., disk) volume is known as the volume label and must contain a pointer to the location of the VTOC. The location of the VTOC may be specified when the volume is initialized. For performance reasons it may be located as close to the center of the volume as possible, since it is referenced frequently. A VTOC is added to a DASD volume when it is initialized using the Device Support Facilities program, ICKDSF, in current systems.
When in OS/360 and successors allocates a data set, it generally searches the catalog to determine the volumes on which it resides. When a program opens a Direct Access Storage Device (DASD) dataset, the OPEN routine searches the VTOC index (VTOCIX) if there is one, or directly searches the VTOC if there is no VTOCIX.
Data Set Control Block types
The VTOC consists of a sequence of 140-byte records known as Data Set Control Blocks (DSCBs). There are ten types of DSCB.
The VTOC must reside within the first 64K tracks on the volume, and The first DSCB in the VTOC is always a format 4 DSCB which describes the VTOC itself and attributes of the DASD volume on which this VTOC resides. The second DSCB is always a format 5 DSCB which describes free space within the VTOC. Normally, the rest of the VTOC will contain format 0 DSCBs, which are empty entries, and format 1 or format 3 DSCBs, which describe the extents of data sets, giving their start address and end address of up to 16 such extents on disk. The initial part of a data set is described by a format 1 DSCB. If necessary, format 3 DSCBs are used to describe further extents of the data set. When a data set is deleted, its format 1 DSCB is overwritten to become a format 0 DSCB, and the format 3 DSCB, if one exists, is similarly deleted.
Originally, a VTOC search was a sequential scan of the DSCBs, stopping when the correct format 1 DSCB was found or the end of the VTOC was reached. As DASD volumes became larger, VTOC search became a bottleneck and so a VTOC index was added.
Format 1 DSCB
This VTOC entry describes a dataset and defines its first three extents. This is the format of the DSCB from OS/360 Release 21.7 in 1973, prior
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pijar
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PIJAR (Pusat Informasi dan Jaringan Aksi Reformasi / Information Centre and Action Network for Reform - Pijar also stands for 'flame') was an active player in the Indonesian struggle for democracy in 1998.
After succeeding with ending President Suharto's authoritarian rule on May 20, 2001, PIJAR's attention shifted towards the possible trial of Suharto and his successor Habibie at the International Court of Justice. Later, though already fading in its glory, PIJAR fought for the independence of Timor Leste, which finally gained independence in 2002.
In its pre-Suharto years, PIJAR organized most of its activities through email communication in order to escape possible prosecution.
Current activities of PIJAR are unknown.
External links
'PIJAR calls for prosecution of Suharto and Habibie' - Article on a BBC News Summary, November 1999
'The Internet and Asia: Broadband or Broad Bans?' published in: Foreign Service Journal, February 2001
Politics of Indonesia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20television%20networks%20in%20Mexico
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National network list
All of the networks listed below operate a number of terrestrial TV stations. In addition, several of these networks are also aired on cable and satellite services.
Commercial
Six television networks in Mexico have more than 75% national coverage and are thus required to be carried by all pay TV providers and offered at no cost by the broadcaster. Additionally, these networks are also required to provide accessibility for the hearing impaired with the use of Closed Captioning and/or Mexican sign language.
Azteca Uno (TV Azteca)
ADN 40 (TV Azteca)
Las Estrellas (Televisa)
Imagen Televisión (Grupo Imagen)
Canal 5 (Televisa)
Azteca 7 (TV Azteca)
A+ (TV Azteca)
ADN 40 and A+ have coverage primarily provided by subchannels.
Noncommercial
Of the many noncommercial services, there are only two national networks of retransmitters:
Canal Once (Instituto Politécnico Nacional)
Sistema Público de Radiodifusión del Estado Mexicano (SPR)
The digital SPR retransmitters offer Canal Once along with these important noncommercial television services:
Canal 22
Canal Catorce
Ingenio TV
TV UNAM
Canal del Congreso
In addition to the latter, Canal Judicial is also required to be carried by all pay TV providers and offered at no cost by the broadcaster, although there is no terrestrial station that broadcasts this network.
Regional or limited coverage commercial networks
There are some networks operating in Mexico which have limited coverage or primarily serve a region in particular.
Currently, there are three networks of this kind which have a significant coverage:
Canal 6 (Multimedios)
Nu9ve (Televisa)
Canal 13 (Albavisión México)
Other regional/limited networks include:
El Canal de las Noticias (Intermedia) (Mexicali and the State of Chihuahua)
ABC Televisión (State of Chihuahua)
TV MAR (Los Cabos and La Paz in Baja California Sur and Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco)
Foro TV (Televisa)
Milenio Televisión (Multimedios)
Teleritmo (Multimedios)
CV Shopping
MVS TV
State-level broadcast television networks
Mexico also has government-run state television networks in 26 of its 32 federal units:
See also
List of television stations in Mexico
General:
Television in Mexico
References
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squidbillies
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Squidbillies is an American adult animated sitcom created by Jim Fortier and Dave Willis for Cartoon Network's late night programming block Adult Swim. An unofficial pilot for the series aired on April 1, 2005. The series later made its official debut on October 16, 2005 and ended on December 13, 2021, with a total of 132 episodes over the course of 13 seasons.
The series is about the Cuyler family, an impoverished family of anthropomorphic hillbilly mud squids living in the Georgia region of the Blue Ridge Mountains. The series revolves around the exploits of an alcoholic father (Early), who is often abusive in a comedic way towards his family. His son, Rusty, is desperate for his approval; his mother and grandmother, known in the show as Granny, is often the center of his aggression; and Lily, Early's sister, is mostly unconscious in a pool of her own vomit.
The series also airs in syndication in other countries and has been released on various DVD sets and other forms of home media.
Setting and premise
Squidbillies follows the exploits of the Cuyler family and their interactions with the local populace, which usually results in a fair amount of destruction, mutilation, and death. The Cuylers are essentially given free rein and protected from the consequences of their actions whenever possible by their crudely-drawn friend, the Sheriff (whose name is "Sharif"), as they are said to be the last twisted remnants of a federally protected endangered species, the "Appalachian Mud Squid". They live in the southern Appalachian Mountains located in the North Georgia mountains. At the epicentre of this rural paradise is Dougal County, home to crippling gambling addictions, a murderous corporation, sexual deviants, and the authentic Southern mountain squid. In the words of The New York Times, the show takes "backwoods stereotypes" and turns them into "a cudgel with which to pound maniacally on all manner of topical subjects."
Production
Squidbillies is produced by Williams Street Productions; it is written by Dave Willis, co-creator of Aqua Teen Hunger Force, and Jim Fortier, previously of The Brak Show, both of whom worked on the Adult Swim series Space Ghost Coast to Coast. The show is animated by Radical Axis until 2012, with Awesome Inc taking on animation duties until the show’s conclusion.
Concept and development
The series has its origins in 2003 when Mike Lazzo, former vice president of Adult Swim, asked to develop a project around the title Squidbilly's, which he speculated about during a conversation with his colleagues about Hanna-Barbera's Squiddly Diddly character. In July of the same year, Matt Maiellaro and Pete Smith produced the first script of the pilot episode; however it was scrapped and over 35 scripts were written by Maiellaro, Smith, Dave Willis, Jim Fortier, Matt Harrigan and Mike Lazzo over the course of a year. Later, Lazzo approved and commissioned a screenplay by Dave Willis and Jim Fortier, who decided to base the plot a
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net%2AOne
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Net*One was the first cellular network operator in Zimbabwe based on the Global System for Mobile Communications. The company was originally launched during the World Solar Summit in September 1996 in the capital Harare with 500 lines. Service was extended to the second city of Bulawayo at the time of the International Trade Fair in April 1997. Net*One offers a basic telephone service, Vehicle Tracking System, Short Messaging Service, Broadband and International Roaming Services.
Net*One is now the second largest cellular company in Zimbabwe and has 4,472,592 subscribers in 2021.
References
Companies based in Harare
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrows%20%28TV%20series%29
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Arrows was a pop television series aimed at the teen market, which aired in 1976 and 1977 in the UK.
The show was produced by Muriel Young, and ran for two 14-week series on the ITV network, produced by Granada Television.
The show format was that the band would perform their own songs, and would introduce the guest artists. There was also a pop dance troupe called Him and Us who were regulars on the series. Arrows consisted of (lead singer) Alan Merrill, (guitarist) Jake Hooker and (drummer) Paul Varley.
Guests on Arrows included such artists as Marc Bolan, The Bay City Rollers, The Drifters, Gilbert O'Sullivan, Peter Noone, Alvin Stardust, Gene Pitney, Slade, Pilot, Billy J. Kramer, The Real Thing, and many more.
The band Arrows were very popular in the teen print media in the mid-1970s, appearing in interviews and as pin-ups in all the glossy fan magazines of the day. They even had their own weekly cartoon strip which ran in Music Star magazine. A book was written about the band by Bill Harry in 1976.
The band
Historically, Arrows are now best known for writing, recording, and releasing the first version of the song "I Love Rock 'N Roll" in 1975, a year before the band had their TV series. The song served the band well. Arrows' performance of the song so impressed television producer, Muriel Young, when they did her show 45 in 1975, she decided to give the band their own weekly TV series on that day. The song is now an international rock classic, recorded by many well-known artists, including Joan Jett and Britney Spears.
Synopsis
Arrows are the only band in pop music history to have a weekly TV series of their own and no records released. Although they had hit singles before their series, the band released no recordings during the entire run of the shows. This unusual situation was due to a legal wrangle with their record label. Their last single release was two months before the first broadcast of Arrows.
There were 28 episodes in total. With repeats, that is 56 airings of the show.
Arrows was broadcast across the entire ITV network, including all of England, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Gibraltar, Hong Kong, and more, for both series.
During the second series the band added a fourth member, guitarist Terry Taylor, formerly a member of the band Tucky Buzzard. Taylor was introduced to Arrows by The Rolling Stones' bass player Bill Wyman in January 1976. Terry Taylor is currently the musical director and a guitarist in Bill Wyman's Rhythm Kings band.
Aftermath
As a result of their business complications, Arrows broke up in frustration in 1978, with the original Arrows Alan Merrill, Jake Hooker and Paul Varley all going their separate ways. In 1978, Merrill went on to the Island Records band Runner, Varley to the Charisma Records band Darling, and Hooker married Lorna Luft, retiring as a performer and becoming his wife's manager.
The Arrows show producer, Muriel Young, died in 2001.
References
External links
The Arrows Show inf
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring%20King
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Ring King, known as in Japan and Europe, is an arcade boxing game. It was published in 1985 by Woodplace in Japan and Europe, and by Data East in North America.
Gameplay
The game continues the series' theme of comical sports as the player takes the role of a boxer who makes his way from his debut to become a world champion. Ring King, though perhaps unintentionally, is standard of the boxing creations of its era, via providing quirky monikers for opponents the player encounters; in its arcade release, these number eight (8): Violence Jo (this entry level fighter is the champion, in the NES version), Brown Pants, White Wolf, Bomba Vern, Beat Brown, Blue Warker (reigning champion, in the arcade version), Green Hante and Onetta Yank. Assuming the player wins the championship, arcade play continues cycling through only the last of the afore-listed three (Blue Warker, Green Hante, Onetta Yank).
The player can choose from several different types of punches and defensive maneuvers, along with unique special attacks. The player revives their stamina during the round interval by pressing the button rapidly. In the Nintendo port, the boxer's abilities are determined by three different stats; punch, stamina, and speed. The player can improve these stats using the power points gained after each match. Performing well in matches allows the player to create more powerful boxers. The player can save their game progress by recording a password, and two players can face off against each other in the two-player mode. Though the game is rudimentary, it is possible to counter-punch, and missing with too many punches causes the boxer's stamina to decrease.
Special attacks
The biggest characteristic of the game is the comical set of special attacks. These moves are activated when the player presses the attack button at the right timing and at the right distance. The attacks have the capability to instantly knock out the opponent, but being countered before a special attack causes an extraordinary amount of damage as well. The first special attack is a powerful hook which the boxer throws by spinning around like a top. The second is a straight punch that propels the opponent into the ropes when it connects. The third type is an uppercut that launches the opponent straight into the air. If thrown at the right timing, the uppercut can blast the opponent straight out of the ring, resulting in a technical knockout.
Ports
The game was later ported to the Nintendo Entertainment System (Famicom in Japan) in 1987, which was published by Namco in Japan and by Data East in North America. This version was also released on the VS. UniSystem as Vs. TKO Boxing. Sony later ported it to the MSX2 exclusively in Japan in 1988. The Famicom and MSX2 versions were released as the third game of the Family sports game series, after Family Stadium and Family Jockey for the Famicom in Japan by Namco as . The game was later converted into an i-mode mobile phone application and released exc
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CJAR
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CJAR, known as CJ1240, is a commercial AM radio station located in The Pas, Manitoba. CJAR operates at 1240 kHz. It is part of the Arctic Radio Network (Arctic Radio (1982) Limited), with sister stations in Flin Flon (CFAR) and Thompson (CHTM). The station plays primarily adult contemporary music and broadcasts OCN Blizzard hockey games.
History
In 1974, CJAR began broadcasting at 1240 kHz on the AM dial with 1,000 watts day and 500 watts night.
In 1985, CJAR was given approval by the CRTC to increase night-time power from 500 watts to 1,000 watts. That same year, CJAR disaffiliated from the CBC Radio Network. CBC service was now available
in the region via CBWJ-FM.
On March 12, 2013, the CRTC approved CJAR's application to convert to the FM band at 102.9 MHz, with an effective radiated power of 250 watts, non-directional antenna with an effective HAAT of 37.7 metres. The applicant also requested permission to maintain its AM transmitter as a repeater at the current specifications in order to rebroadcast the new FM station's programming, which was granted.
References
External links
CJ1240 homepage at The Pas Online
Arctic Radio Official Site
Jar
Jar
The Pas
Radio stations established in 1953
1953 establishments in Manitoba
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interested%20Parties%20Information
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IPI (Interested party information) is a unique identifying number assigned by the CISAC database to each Interested Party in collective rights management. It is used worldwide by more than 120 countries and three million right holders.
Two types of IPI-numbers exist, an IPI Name Number and IPI Base Number.
IPI Name Number
The IP Name Number is the code for a name or pseudonym related to an entity (natural person or a legal entity). One entity can have several names. Prince for example has the IPI-codes
00045620792 (Nelson Prince Rogers), 00052210040 (Prince) and 00334284961 (Nelson Prince R).
The IPI Name Number is composed of eleven numeric digits.
IPI Base Number
The IPI Base Number is the code for a natural person or a legal entity. It has the pattern H-NNNNNNNNN-C.
H: header (a single letter)
N: identification number (nine numeric digits)
C: check digit (a single number)
For example Pablo Picasso has the IP Base Number I-001068130-6.
History
In October 2001, the IPI database replaced the CAE numbers.
Relation with ISWC-numbers
IPI codes are connected with International Standard Musical Work Codes (ISWC). For example, one of the songs called Ernie, which has an International Standard Musical Work Code number of , has just one interested party, that of Benny Hill whose IPI number is 00014107338. This IPI number can then be used to find all other works by him.
Roles
In relation to ISWC each party has at least one role. Roles can be:
A: Author, Writer, Lyricist
AD: Adaptor
AM: Administrator
AR: Arranger
AQ: Acquirer
C: Composer
CA: Composer/Author
E: Original Publisher
ES: Substitute Publisher
PA: Publisher Income Participant
PR: Associated Performer
SA: Sub-Author
SE: Sub-Publisher
SR: Sub-Arranger
TR: Translator
The standards describe the person who adapts music as an arranger, and the person who adapts the text of a musical work to be an adapter.
References
External links
The ISWC database
Collective rights
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research%20Unix
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The term "Research Unix" refers to early versions of the Unix operating system for DEC PDP-7, PDP-11, VAX and Interdata 7/32 and 8/32 computers, developed in the Bell Labs Computing Sciences Research Center (CSRC).
History
The term Research Unix first appeared in the Bell System Technical Journal (Vol. 57, No. 6, Pt. 2 Jul/Aug 1978) to distinguish it from other versions internal to Bell Labs (such as PWB/UNIX and MERT) whose code-base had diverged from the primary CSRC version. However, that term was little-used until Version 8 Unix, but has been retroactively applied to earlier versions as well. Prior to V8, the operating system was most commonly called simply UNIX (in caps) or the UNIX Time-Sharing System.
AT&T licensed Version 5 to educational institutions, and Version 6 also to commercial sites. Schools paid $200 and others $20,000, discouraging most commercial use, but Version 6 was the most widely used version into the 1980s. Research Unix versions are often referred to by the edition of the manual that describes them, because early versions and the last few were never officially released outside of Bell Labs, and grew organically. So, the first Research Unix would be the First Edition, and the last the Tenth Edition. Another common way of referring to them is as "Version x Unix" or "Vx Unix", where x is the manual edition. All modern editions of Unix—excepting Unix-like implementations such as Coherent, Minix, and Linux—derive from the 7th Edition.
Starting with the 8th Edition, versions of Research Unix had a close relationship to BSD. This began by using 4.1cBSD as the basis for the 8th Edition. In a Usenet post from 2000, Dennis Ritchie described these later versions of Research Unix as being closer to BSD than they were to UNIX System V, which also included some BSD code:
Versions
Legacy
In 2002, Caldera International released Unix V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, V7 on PDP-11 and Unix 32V on VAX as FOSS under a permissive BSD-like software license.
In 2017, Unix Heritage Society and Alcatel-Lucent USA Inc., on behalf of itself and Nokia Bell Laboratories, released V8, V9, and V10 under the condition that only non-commercial use was allowed, and that they would not assert copyright claims against such use.
See also
Ancient UNIX
History of Unix
Inferno - Another operating system from the same team
Lions' Commentary on UNIX 6th Edition, with Source Code
PWB/UNIX - A version of Unix for internal use at Bell Labs for production use
References
External links
UNIX Evolution (PostScript) by Ian F. Darwin and Geoffrey Collyer
Unix heritage - More links and source code for some Research Unix versions
The Evolution of the Unix Time-sharing System by Dennis M. Ritchie
The Restoration of Early UNIX Artifacts by Warren Toomey, School of IT, Bond University
Full Manual Pages documentation for Research Unix 8th Edition.
List of new features in Research Unix 9th Edition.
Emulator for running UNIX v9.
Bell Labs Unices
Computing platforms
Di
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interdata%207/32%20and%208/32
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The Model 7/32 and Model 8/32 were 32-bit minicomputers introduced by Perkin-Elmer after they acquired Interdata, Inc., in 1973. Interdata computers are primarily remembered for being the first 32-bit minicomputers under $10,000. The 8/32 was a more powerful machine than the 7/32, with the notable feature of allowing user-programmable microcode to be employed.
The Model 7/32 provided fullword data processing power and direct memory addressing up to 1 million bytes through the use of 32-bit general registers and a comprehensive instruction set.
Background
After the commercial success of the microcoded, mainframe IBM 360-series of computers, startup companies arrived on the scene to scale microcode technology to the smaller minicomputers. Among these companies were Prime Computer, Microdata, and Interdata. Interdata used microcode to define an architecture that was heavily influenced by the IBM 360 instruction set. The DOS-type real-time serial/multitasking operating system was called OS/32.
Differences between the 7/32 and 8/32
General register sets – The 7/32 has 2 sets while the 8/32 can have either 2 or 8.
I/O priority levels – The 7/32 has none but the 8/32 can have up to 3.
Writeable control store – The 7/32 does not have one and the 8/32 does.
On average the 8/32 is 2.5x faster than the 7/32.
Usage
The 7/32 and 8/32 became the computers of choice in large scale embedded systems, such as FFT machines used in real-time seismic analysis, CAT scanners, and flight simulator systems. They were also often used as non-IBM peripherals in IBM networks, serving the role of HASP workstations and spooling systems, so called RJE (Remote Job Entry) stations. For example, the computers behind the first Space Shuttle simulator consisted of thirty-six 32-bit minis inputting and/or outputting data to networked mainframe computers (both IBM and Univac), all in real-time.
The 8/32 was used in the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, Department of Planetary Sciences at the University of Arizona for research purposes.
The 8/32 was also employed by Mathematical Applications Group, Inc. (MAGI) to produce the vast majority of the 3D computer-generated imagery (CGI) in the 1982 film Tron. While CGI had been used during the 1970s for minor segments of film work (such as titles), Tron was the first film by a major producer that made extensive use of CGI.
Operating systems
The standard operating system for the 7/32 and 8/32 was Interdata's OS/32.
At MIT, by 1976, Interdata (Perkin-Elmer) computers were being used by the Architecture Machine Group and Joint Computer Facility at MIT, using the FORTRAN and PL/1 programming languages.
Unix was ported to the platform in 1977 by two groups, working independently; to the 7/32 at Wollongong University, and to the 8/32 at Bell Labs, making the 32-bit Interdata machines the first non-PDP computers to run Unix. (See V6 Unix, portability). Bell chose the 8/32 for their port because it was as different from the DEC PDP-11 as p
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European%20Christian%20Political%20Youth%20Network
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The European Christian Political Youth (ECPYouth) is a political youth organisation that brings together Christian, politically active young people from all over Europe to reinforce Christian politics in Europe. It is the independent youth organization of the European Christian Political Movement.
Background
The ECPYouth, until 2013 known as European Christian Political Youth Network (ECPYN) was established in July 2004 in Kortenberg (Belgium) by PerspectieF, Youth of the ChristenUnie (Netherlands) and other European Christian political youth organisations, such as the Christian Peoples Alliance Youth (United Kingdom). The founding of ECPYouth was one of the results of the International Summer School where young people from all over Europe participated.
Activities
Since the International Summer School in Kortenberg in 2004 summer schools are held annually around a specific theme or political issue and offers participants lectures, workshops and excursions. ECPYN/ECPYouth organized summer schools in 2005 in Lunteren, (Netherlands), in 2006 in Birstonas (Lithuania), in 2007 in Würzburg (Germany), in 2008 in Chişinău (Moldova), in 2009 in Risan (Montenegro), in 2010 in Ohrid (Republic of Macedonia), in 2011 in Paris (France), in 2012 in Zagreb (Croatia), in 2013 in Helsinki (Finland), in 2014 in Brussels (Belgium), in 2015 in Cambridge (United Kingdom), in 2016 in Bern (Switzerland), in 2017 in Odesa (Ukraine), in 2018 in Wroclaw (Poland), in 2019 in Tbilisi (Georgia (country)) and in 2021 in Kerns (Switzerland).
ECPYouth started to organize winter schools in Lviv (Ukraine) in 2011 followed by Esztergom (Hungary) in 2012; and Soest (Netherlands) in 2013.
ECPYouth organises Regional Conferences as well in different parts of Europe and youth programs on conferences of the European Christian Political Movement. Regional conferences took place in
Hellenthal, Germany in October 2008
Tbilisi, Georgia in October 2010
St. Vith, Belgium in October 2011
Amsterdam in December 2015
Tallinn in April 2016
Tbilisi in September 2016
Paris in April 2017
Furthermore, ECPYouth organizes study visits. In 2012 a study visit went to Podgorica, Montenegro to study the situation of minorities, especially the Roma, Ashkali and Egyptian groups.
In 2012 ECPYouth started an in-depth training program, the ECPYouth Academy, under the title 'Crossroads – Christian Democratic Political Academy'. The first round took place in Timișoara, Romania; Zagreb, Croatia; Kyiv, Ukraine; and Soest, Netherlands.
In 2017 ECPYouth started holding bi-annual General Assemblies, instead of annual, one during the summer school and one in February, in the Netherlands. This was accompanied by political cafés, in 2018 on the topic of human trafficking.
Board
Member organisations
- Youth Christian Democratic Movement
- PCD Youth
- New Generation PPCD
- PerspectieF
- SGP-jongeren
- Young EVP
- Democratic Development Foundation
- Christian Democratic Union of Youth
Ext
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KLSU
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KLSU (91.1 FM) is the student-run college radio station for Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge, Louisiana with a radio format of variety music and specialty programming. The radio station is part of the university's Student Media Program and employs students as DJs and management staff. KLSU broadcasts across the Baton Rouge area at 23,000 watts of power, and is able to reach up to beyond the LSU campus. The station is licensed under the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) as a non-commercial educational (NCE) radio station. KLSU is one of 700 college radio stations across the United States that submits music chart reports to the weekly publication College Music Journal magazine.
KLSU is unusual in that its callsign begins with a K but is located on the east side on the Mississippi River (which should have it beginning with a W), and the callsign was not the beneficiary of the FCC grandfather clause. During the application period for the station, it was discovered that the desired callsign, WLSU, was already held by the University of Wisconsin–La Crosse. Because KLSU would be located within a mile of the Mississippi River, the FCC granted an exemption to the K–W rule so it could have LSU in its callsign.
In April 2016, KLSU significantly upgraded their power from 5,700 watts class A to 23,000 watts class C3.
References
External links
History of KLSU
Radio stations in Louisiana
Louisiana State University
College radio stations in Louisiana
Radio stations established in 1979
1979 establishments in Louisiana
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global%20Trade%20Item%20Number
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The Global Trade Item Number (GTIN) is an identifier for trade items, developed by the international organization GS1. Such identifiers are used to look up product information in a database (often by entering the number through a barcode scanner pointed at an actual product) which may belong to a retailer, manufacturer, collector, researcher, or other entity. The uniqueness and universality of the identifier is useful in establishing which product in one database corresponds to which product in another database, especially across organizational boundaries.
Format and incorporated standards
The GTIN standard has incorporated the International Standard Book Number (ISBN), International Standard Serial Number (ISSN), International Standard Music Number (ISMN), International Article Number (which includes the European Article Number and Japanese Article Number) and some Universal Product Codes (UPCs), into a universal number space.
GTINs may be eight, 12, 13, or 14 digits long, and each of these four numbering structures are constructed in a similar fashion, combining Company Prefix, Item Reference and a calculated Check Digit (GTIN-14 adds another component- the Indicator Digit, which can be 0–9). GTIN-8s will be encoded in an EAN-8 barcode. GTIN-12s may be shown in UPC-A, ITF-14, or GS1-128 barcodes. GTIN-13s may be encoded in EAN-13, ITF-14 or GS1-128 barcodes, and GTIN-14s may be encoded in ITF-14 or GS1-128 barcodes. The choice of barcode will depend on the application; for example, items to be sold at a retail establishment could be marked with EAN-8, EAN-13, UPC-A or UPC-E barcodes.
The EAN-8 code is an eight-digit barcode used usually for very small articles, such as chewing gum, where fitting a larger code onto the item would be difficult. Note: the equivalent UPC small format barcode, UPC-E, encodes a GTIN-12 with a special Company Prefix that allows for "zero suppression" of four zeros in the GTIN-12. The GS1 encoding and decoding rules state that the entire GTIN-12 is used for encoding and that the entire GTIN-12 is to be delivered when scanned.
Format and encodings
Note that GTIN-12 and GTIN-13 numbers can be encoded as GTIN-13 or GTIN-14 by adding initial padding zeroes. For GTIN-14, this indicates a "packaging level" of a single item.
The numbering structure is as follows:
T1 – Indicator digit, used for GTIN-14, "1" to "8" indicates a packaging level and "9" a variable measure item. Zero in this position is not considered an Indicator Digit, but rather a pad or fill zero. There is, however, no worldwide consensus on which number indicates which packaging level and no significance should be built into this number.
T2 through T13 GS1 Company Prefix & Item (product or service) reference number. The GS1 Company Prefix is allocated to the member company and the Item Reference is allocated by the user company. Each of these elements varies in length depending on the length of the allocated GS1 Company Prefix. Each different type o
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inxight
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Inxight Software, Inc. was a software company specializing in visualization, information retrieval and natural language processing. It was bought by Business Objects in 2007; Business Objects was in turn acquired by SAP AG in 2008. Founded in 1997, Inxight was headquartered in Sunnyvale, California. It was originally spun out of Xerox PARC.
Products
Inxight offered text analysis products in the form of C++ libraries:
LinguistX for the identification of stems, parts of speech, and noun phrases.
Summarizer for the identification of key phrases and key sentences.
ThingFinder for the identification of entities and grammatical patterns, such as "facts", events, relations, and sentiment. This was built on a proprietary pattern-matching language.
Categorizer for matching a document to nodes in a taxonomy hierarchy.
And also visualization products:
StarTree, a hierarchical and graph visualization/navigation tool.
TableLens, a trend visualization tool for large data sets.
TimeWall, an event/timeline visualization tool.
This functionality is now available via SAP Hybris YaaS Market and is embedded in various SAP platforms (such as SAP HANA and SAP Data Services).
See also
Computational linguistics
Natural language processing
Named entity recognition
References
External links
Inxight website - (moved to SAP website)
Software companies based in California
Defunct software companies of the United States
Companies based in Sunnyvale, California
Xerox spin-offs
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matplotlib
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Matplotlib is a plotting library for the Python programming language and its numerical mathematics extension NumPy. It provides an object-oriented API for embedding plots into applications using general-purpose GUI toolkits like Tkinter, wxPython, Qt, or GTK. There is also a procedural "pylab" interface based on a state machine (like OpenGL), designed to closely resemble that of MATLAB, though its use is discouraged. SciPy makes use of Matplotlib.
Matplotlib was originally written by John D. Hunter. Since then it has had an active development community and is distributed under a BSD-style license. Michael Droettboom was nominated as matplotlib's lead developer shortly before John Hunter's death in August 2012 and was further joined by Thomas Caswell. Matplotlib is a NumFOCUS fiscally sponsored project.
Comparison with MATLAB
Pyplot is a Matplotlib module that provides a MATLAB-like interface. Matplotlib is designed to be as usable as MATLAB, with the ability to use Python, and the advantage of being free and open-source.
Examples
Toolkits
Several toolkits are available which extend Matplotlib functionality. Some are separate downloads, others ship with the Matplotlib source code but have external dependencies.
Basemap: map plotting with various map projections, coastlines, and political boundaries
Cartopy: a mapping library featuring object-oriented map projection definitions, and arbitrary point, line, polygon and image transformation capabilities. (Matplotlib v1.2 and above)
Excel tools: utilities for exchanging data with Microsoft Excel
GTK tools: interface to the GTK library
Qt interface
Mplot3d: 3-D plots
Natgrid: interface to the natgrid library for gridding irregularly spaced data.
tikzplotlib: export to Pgfplots for smooth integration into LaTeX documents (formerly known as matplotlib2tikz)
Seaborn: provides an API on top of Matplotlib that offers sane choices for plot style and color defaults, defines simple high-level functions for common statistical plot types, and integrates with the functionality provided by Pandas
Related projects
Biggles
Chaco
DISLIN
GNU Octave
gnuplotlib – plotting for numpy with a gnuplot backend
Gnuplot-py
PLplot – Python bindings available
SageMath – uses Matplotlib to draw plots
SciPy (modules plt and gplt)
Plotly – for interactive, online Matplotlib and Python graphs
Bokeh – Python interactive visualization library that targets modern web browsers for presentation
References
External links
Articles with example Python (programming language) code
Free plotting software
Free software programmed in Python
Python (programming language) scientific libraries
Science software that uses GTK
Science software that uses Qt
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows%20Aero
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Windows Aero (a backronym for Authentic, Energetic, Reflective, and Open) is a design language introduced in the Windows Vista operating system. The changes made in the Aero interface affected many elements of the Windows interface, including the incorporation of a new look, along with changes in interface guidelines reflecting appearance, layout, and the phrasing and tone of instructions and other text in applications.
Windows Aero was used as the design language of Windows Vista and Windows 7. The flat design-based Metro design language was introduced on Windows 8, although aspects of the design and features promoted as part of Aero on Windows Vista and 7 have been retained in later versions of Windows (barring design changes to comply with Metro or Fluent).
Features
For the first time since the release of Windows 95, Microsoft completely revised its user interface guidelines, covering aesthetics, common controls such as buttons and radio buttons, task dialogs, wizards, common dialogs, control panels, icons, fonts, user notifications, and the "tone" of text used.
Windows Aero theme
On Windows Vista and Windows 7 computers that meet certain hardware and software requirements, the Windows Aero theme is used by default, primarily incorporating various animation and transparency effects into the desktop using hardware acceleration and the Desktop Window Manager (DWM). In the "Personalize" section added to Control Panel of Windows Vista, users can customize the "glass" effects to either be opaque or transparent, and change the color it is tinted. Enabling Windows Aero also enables other new features, including an enhanced Alt-Tab menu and taskbar thumbnails with live previews of windows, and "Flip 3D", a window switching mechanism which cascades windows with a 3D effect.
Windows 7 features refinements in Windows Aero, including larger window buttons by default (minimize, maximize, close and query), revised taskbar thumbnails, the ability to manipulate windows by dragging them to the top or sides of the screen (to the side to make it fill half the screen, and to the top to maximize), the ability to hide all windows by hovering the Show Desktop button on the taskbar, and the ability to minimize all other windows by shaking one.
Use of DWM, and by extension the Windows Aero theme, requires a video card with 128MB of graphics memory (or at least 64MB of video RAM and 1GB of system RAM for on-board graphics) supporting pixel shader 2.0, and with WDDM-compatible drivers. Windows Aero is also not available in Windows 7 Starter, only available to a limited extent on Windows Vista Home Basic, and is automatically disabled if a user is detected to be running a non-genuine copy of Windows. Windows Server 2008 and Windows Server 2008 R2 also support Windows Aero as part of the "Desktop Experience" component, which is disabled by default.
Aero Wizards
Wizard 97 had been the prevailing standard for wizard design, visual layout, and functionality used i
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entrepreneurial%20network
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In business, entrepreneurial networks are social organizations offering different types of resources to start or improve entrepreneurial projects. Having adequate human resources is a key factor for entrepreneurial achievements. Combined with leadership, the entrepreneurial network is a social network not only necessary to properly run the business or project, but also to differentiate the business from similar projects.
Purpose
The goal of most entrepreneurial networks is to bring together a broad selection of professionals and resources that complement each other's endeavors. Initially, a priority is to aid successful business launches. Subsequently, to provide motivation, direction and increase access to opportunities and other skill sets. Promotion of each member's talents and services both within the network and out in the broader market increases opportunities for all participants.
One of the key needs of any startup is capital, and often entrepreneurial networks focus on providing such financial resources, particularly tailored to their membership demographic.
Entrepreneurial networks may also become community involved, endorsing reforms, legislation or other municipal drives that accommodate their organization's goals.
Membership composition
lawyers, various specialties
scientists
engineers
architects
contractors/construction managers
real estate professionals
suppliers
government people or institutions
partners
high skilled employees
clients or any other kind of social contacts that can make the entrepreneurial business (or project) successful
mentors
investors
See also
Social network
Business network
Business incubator
Chambers of commerce
External links
Business terms
Social networks
Community building
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watermark%20%28disambiguation%29
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A watermark is a recognizable image or pattern in paper used to determine authenticity.
Watermark or watermarking may also refer to:
Technology
Digital watermarking, a technique to embed data in digital audio, images or video
Audio watermark, techniques for embedding hidden information into audio signals
Watermark (data file), a method for ensuring data integrity which combines aspects of data hashing and digital watermarking
Watermark (data synchronization), directory synchronization related programming terminology
Watermarking attack, an attack on disk encryption methods
Films
Watermark (2013 film), a documentary film directed by Jennifer Baichwal and Edward Burtynsky
Watermark (2003 film), an Australian film directed by Georgina Willis and produced by Kerry Rock.
Watermarks (film), a 2004 documentary film about the Viennese Hakoah swim team
Music
Watermark (Art Garfunkel album), a 1977 album by Art Garfunkel
Watermark (Enya album), a 1988 album by Enya
Watermark (band), the CCM singing duo Nathan and Christy Nockels
"Watermark", a song by Mae Moore from her 1995 album Dragonfly
"Watermark", a song by The Weakerthans from their 2000 album Left and Leaving
Organizations
Watermark Inc., a radio syndication company
Shenhua Watermark coal mine
Other uses
Watermark, a 1992 book by Joseph Brodsky
See also
Watermark, superimposed identifying digital on-screen graphic in video production
High water mark (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Popeye%20Show
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The Popeye Show (Originally titled I'm Popeye) is an American cartoon anthology series that premiered on October 29, 2001, on Cartoon Network. Each episode includes three Popeye theatrical shorts from Fleischer Studios and/or Famous Studios. The show is narrated by Bill Murray (not to be confused with the film actor of the same name), who gives the audience short facts about the history of the cartoons as filler material between each short. Animation historian Jerry Beck served as a consultant and Barry Mills served as writer and producer. A total of 45 episodes were produced, consisting of a total of 135 shorts.
Significance
Prior to the premiere of The Popeye Show, most television airings of theatrical Popeye cartoons bore the logos of Associated Artists Productions, the company that bought the films from Paramount Pictures for television distribution. This is due to the films having been sold in the 1950s, when most movie studios did not want to be associated with television. As a result, A.A.P. was required to replace the original Paramount logos with their own. For The Popeye Show, efforts were made to present these films as close to their original theatrical form as possible: some of the cartoons shown were copies that actually had their original Paramount titles intact, while others needed to have their original titles simulated through the process of digital video editing.
The show focused mostly on the Fleischer Popeye shorts and early Famous Studios shorts that were originally filmed in black and white. For all episodes, the first two shorts were from this era. Sometimes the third cartoon would be a color cartoon from Famous Studios, but on many occasions an entire episode would entirely be made of black-and-white cartoons. While selecting the color entries that would air, the only ones that were initially selected were those that were in the Turner vaults with their original titles. The only color cartoons to have their original titles recreated were those shown in the last episode of Season 3, and all episodes of Season 4.
In season 1, an original copy of Popeye, the Ace of Space (1953) with its original titles was shown for the first time on TV. This particular cartoon was originally shown in 3D, and therefore had a unique opening sequence. It also had a unique ending sequence that was not shown on syndication prints because it involved the Paramount logo being formed from the smoke of Popeye's pipe. The black and white short The Hungry Goat (1943) was kept from being shown in earlier seasons because it required extra attention to recreate the ending as close to original as possible. The original ending involved Popeye's nemesis in the short, a goat, laughing at Popeye while watching the end of the very cartoon they were in, and, like The Ace of Space, involved the Paramount logo.
The 1945 short Tops in the Big Top, which did not open with the standard Popeye theme music, but had a rendition with a circus theme, had its origina
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CH3
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CH3 may refer to:
Channel 3 (band)
Channel 3 (Thai television network)
Methenium (methyl cation)
Methyl group (in chemistry)
Methyl radical (in chemistry)
Church Hymnal, third edition (Hymnbooks of the Church of Scotland)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shang-a-Lang%20%28TV%20series%29
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Shang-a-Lang was a children's pop music TV series starring the Scottish band, the Bay City Rollers. It was produced in Manchester by Granada Television for the ITV network and ran for one 20-week series in 1975.
It featured the band in comedy sketches and performing their songs to a live studio audience made up of their teenage fans. This resulted in chaotic scenes at times as some members of the audience attempted to run onto the studio floor to meet their heroes, resulting in security officers having to forcibly restrain or even eject them from the studio.
Guest stars performing their latest releases and hits included Cliff Richard, Marc Bolan, Lynsey de Paul, Lulu, David Cassidy, Linda Lewis, Gary Glitter, Olivia Newton-John, Slade, Sparks, Alvin Stardust, Showaddywaddy, The Rubettes, Alan Price and Gilbert O'Sullivan and The Marionettes.
The show's theme song "Shang-a-Lang", was a hit single for the group, peaking at number 2 in 1974 in the UK Singles Chart.
References
External links
1975 British television series debuts
1975 British television series endings
1970s British music television series
Bay City Rollers
British variety television shows
English-language television shows
ITV (TV network) original programming
Television series by ITV Studios
Television shows produced by Granada Television
Television shows set in Manchester
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open%20Power%20Template
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Open Power Template is a web template engine written in PHP 5. A common strategy in designing web application is separation of the application logic (i.e. data processing) from the presentation (displaying the data). OPT is a tool for implementing such separation. The presentation layer is represented by templates, text files with HTML code and extra instructions controlling the data substitution.
OPT uses a dedicated XML template language for writing templates. It is not a general-purpose, but a domain-specific language. It was primarily designed to support and simplify template-specific problems with a set of declarative instructions. Instead of implementing the rendering algorithms and statements, like in imperative programming, the template designer specifies the expected result and features. This aims to ease the costs and efforts associated with the software development and further maintenance.
The library provides an object-oriented API based on the solutions from popular frameworks. As it is the first member of a bigger project, Open Power Libs, it is built upon a small OPL core library which provides the basic features.
History
The project started in November 2004, as a template engine for a discussion board project inspired by Smarty. While it later failed, the library became independent. In July 2006, the version 1.0.0 was released. It offered a template language with Smarty-like syntax and a small set of declarative instructions.
In January 2007, the developers release the version 1.1.0 which brings some notable improvements, such as pagination support and tree rendering.
In January 2008, the developers form an open-source programming team, Invenzzia to develop OPT and other PHP projects. At the same time, the development of Open Power Template 2.0 began.
The last version of the 1.1 branch was released in May 2008 and the group focused on the OPT 2.0 development. The new library went into the beta-stage in December and the first stable version was released in July 2009.
Features
The OPT 2.0 template language is an XML application and allows to manipulate the XHTML document structure. The other features are:
Template inheritance and other advanced template modularization mechanisms.
Form rendering support (components)
Abstract, declarative list generators (sections)
Automated filtering against cross-site scripting attacks.
Internationalization support.
XML manipulation instructions.
Imperative control structures: conditions and loops.
Expression language optimized for XML and an abstraction layer making it independent from PHP data types and application-specific implementation details (data formats).
The built-in XML parser can be reconfigured to parse certain HTML documents or plain text content.
Sample application
Since the templates are separated from the application logic, you need at least two files. The first one contains the presentation code as an XML template:
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<opt:root escaping=
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RDMS
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RDMS may refer to:
Relational database management system (RDMS or RDBMS)
Registered Diagnostic Medical Sonographer, a credential imparted by the American Registry for Diagnostic Medical Sonography
See also
RDM (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MyISAM
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MyISAM was the default storage engine for the MySQL relational database management system versions prior to 5.5 released in December 2009. It is based on the older ISAM code, but it has many useful extensions.
Filesystem
Each MyISAM table is stored on disk in three files (if it is not partitioned). The files have names that begin with the table name and have an extension to indicate the file type. MySQL uses a .frm file to store the definition of the table, but this file is not a part of the MyISAM engine; instead it is a part of the server. The data file has a .MYD (MYData) extension. The index file has a .MYI (MYIndex) extension. The index file, if lost, can always be recreated by recreating indexes.
Files format depends on the ROW_FORMAT table option. The following formats are available:
FIXED: Fixed is a format where all data (including variable-length types) have a fixed length. This format is faster to read, and improves corrupted tables repair. If a table contains big variable-length columns (BLOB or TEXT) it cannot use the FIXED format.
DYNAMIC: Variable-length columns do not have a fixed length size. This format is a bit slower to read but saves some space on disk.
COMPRESSED: Compressed tables can be created with a dedicated tool while MySQL is not running, and they are read-only. While this usually makes them a non-viable option, the compression rate is generally sensibly higher than alternatives.
MyISAM files do not depend on the system and, since MyISAM is not transactional, their content does not depend on current server workload. Therefore it is possible to copy them between different servers.
Features
MyISAM is optimized for environments with heavy read operations, and few writes, or none at all. A typical area in which one could prefer MyISAM is data warehouse because it involves queries on very big tables, and the update of such tables is done when the database is not in use (usually at night).
The reason MyISAM allows for fast reads is the structure of its indexes: each entry points to a record in the data file, and the pointer is offset from the beginning of the file. This way records can be quickly read, especially when the format is FIXED. Thus, the rows are of constant length. Inserts are easy too because new rows are appended to the end of the data file. However, delete and update operations are more problematic: deletes must leave an empty space, or the rows' offsets would change; the same goes for updates, as the length of the rows becomes shorter; if the update makes the row longer, the row is fragmented. To defragment rows and claim empty space, the OPTIMIZE TABLE command must be executed. Because of this simple mechanism, MyISAM index statistics are usually quite accurate.
However, the simplicity of MyISAM has several drawbacks. The major deficiency of MyISAM is the absence of transactions support. Also, foreign keys are not supported. In normal use cases, InnoDB seems to be faster than MyISAM.
Versions
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FlexRay
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FlexRay is an automotive network communications protocol developed by the FlexRay Consortium to govern on-board automotive computing. It is designed to be faster and more reliable than CAN and TTP, but it is also more expensive. The FlexRay consortium disbanded in 2009, but the FlexRay standard is now a set of ISO standards, ISO 17458-1 to 17458-5.
FlexRay is a communication bus designed to ensure high data rates, fault tolerance, operating on a time cycle, split into static and dynamic segments for event-triggered and time-triggered communications.
Features
FlexRay supports data rates up to , explicitly supports both star and bus physical topologies, and can have two independent data channels for fault-tolerance (communication can continue with reduced bandwidth if one channel is inoperative). The bus operates on a time cycle, divided into two parts: the static segment and the dynamic segment. The static segment is preallocated into slices for individual communication types, providing stronger determinism than its predecessor CAN. The dynamic segment operates more like CAN, with nodes taking control of the bus as available, allowing event-triggered behavior.
Consortium
The FlexRay Consortium was made up of the following core members:
Freescale Semiconductor
Bosch
NXP Semiconductors
BMW
Volkswagen
Daimler
General Motors
There were also Premium Associate and Associate members of FlexRay consortium. By September 2009, there were 28 premium associate members and more than 60 associate members. At the end of 2009, the consortium disbanded.
Commercial deployment
The first series production vehicle with FlexRay was at the end of 2006 in the BMW X5 (E70), enabling a new and fast adaptive damping system. Full use of FlexRay was introduced in 2008 in the new BMW 7 Series (F01).
Vehicles
Audi A4 (B9) (2015–)
Audi A5 (F5) (2016–)
Audi A6 (C7) (2011-2018)
Audi A7
Audi A8 (D4) (2010–2017)
Audi Q7 (2015-)
Audi TT Mk3 (2014–)
Audi R8 (2015–)
Bentley Flying Spur (2013-2019)
Bentley Mulsanne (2010–)
BMW X5 (E70) (2006–2013)
BMW X6 (E71) (2008–2014)
BMW 1 Series
BMW 3 Series
BMW 5 Series (2009–2017)
BMW 6 Series (2011–2018)
BMW 7 Series (2008–2015)
Lamborghini Huracán
Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W222) (2013–2020)
Mercedes-Benz S-Class (C217) (2014–2020)
Mercedes-Benz E-Class (W213) (2016–2023)
Mercedes-Benz C-Class (W205)
Mercedes-Benz C-Class (W206) (2021–)
Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W223) (2020–)
Rolls-Royce Ghost (2009–)
Land Rover
Volvo XC90 (2015–)
Details
Clock
The FlexRay system consists of a bus and ECUs (Electronic control unit).
Each ECU has an independent clock. The clock drift must be not more than 0.15% from the reference clock,
so the difference between the slowest and the fastest clock in the system is no greater than 0.3%.
This means that, if ECU-s is a sender and ECU-r is a receiver, then for every 300 cycles of the sender
there will be between 299 and 301 cycles of the receiver. The clocks are resynchronized frequently enough
to assure
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20World%20Game
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The World Game was an Australian football (soccer) television show broadcast on the SBS network, as well as a dedicated associated website. The show debuted in 2001 and was the only Australian TV programme dedicated to both football news and issues within Australia as well as around the world. Its popularity led to the launch of an associated website the following year. The TV show was dropped in 2019, whilst the website closed in 2021, and merged with the core SBS Sport website.
Presenters and panelists
Main presenters
Les Murray (2001–2014, deceased)
Lucy Zelić (2015–2019)
Chief analyst
Johnny Warren (2001–2004, deceased)
Craig Foster (2004–2019)
Analysts and panelists
Scott McIntyre (sacked from SBS after controversial ANZAC Day tweets)
Andrew Orsatti (later on ESPN, now Communications Director and Spokesman at FIFPro)
Simon Hill (later on Fox Sports, Optus Sport, now at 10 Sport)
Tim Vickery
Liz Deep-Jones
Mieke Buchan
Stephanie Brantz
Francis Awaritefe
Anthony Peridis
Tony Palumbo
Rale Rasic
Branko Culina
Paul Okon
Željko Kalac
Ned Zelić
David Zdrilic
Guest appearances
Michael Bridges
Patrick Zwaanswijk
David Basheer
History
The show first aired in 2001, succeeding the long-running On the Ball, and started out as a live 6-hour show, airing on Sunday afternoons. It was then shortened to a 3-hour show a few years later. Its popularity caused the brand to later grow to comprise a popular website as well as other digital content. Its original presenter was the late Les Murray, which was already the face of SBS' popular FIFA World Cup coverage, and did so for over 30 years before his retirement in 2014. The show's chief football analyst was the late Johnny Warren until his death in 2004. Murray and Warren were Australia's pre-eminent soccer commentary team, becoming very famous being the hosts of On the Ball, and well known to soccer fans as "Mr and Mrs Soccer"; as a result, they were held over as presenters of the new show. After Warren's death, ex-Socceroo Craig Foster took over as the chief football analyst.
From 2 August 2010, the show was moved to Monday nights, on SBS Two live at 9.30pm AEST, and is repeated soon after on SBS One at 11.00pm AEST. This allowed for wider coverage of the football events from the weekend prior. The show was also shortened to one-hour episodes.
At the same time, they show added a new number of contributors: Tony Palumbo, a seasoned journalist with the Italian migrant press in Australia, assists in providing some insights on major European leagues, primarily the English Premier League and Italian Serie A. Some footage is provided from Spain's La Liga, France's Ligue 1, Scotland's Scottish Premier League, South America's Copa Libertadores and Germany's Bundesliga. UEFA Champions League, UEFA Cup, other cup games and internationals (European Championship) also get game footage; mainly the Champions League. Former Sydney FC coach Branko Culina is a regular contributor on discussion relating to Aus
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostan
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Ostan may refer to:
OS-tan, Internet personifications of operating systems
Ostan (Geography), Iranian name for "province"
Ostan or Óstán, Irish word for "hotel", which may be seen around Ireland
Spring festival in Austria, 2 days after Easter
Polish name for "Go with God"
Ostan, Old High German word for "dawn"
Östan, Swedish word meaning "East wind"
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beethoven%27s%20Ninth%20Symphony%20CD-ROM
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Beethoven's Ninth Symphony CD-ROM was one of the first titles to couple a computer compact disc with an audio CD. This title, a companion to Beethoven's Symphony No. 9, was developed in 1989 by the Voyager Company in Apple Computer's HyperCard, using custom audio XCMDs developed at Voyager. The lead instructor and creative voice was UCLA music instructor Robert Winter.
Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, while offering black and white images on a 512×342 resolution display, offered full 44 kHz stereo audio by controlling an off-the-shelf audio CD in the CD-ROM player.
Historically, Beethoven's Ninth Symphony is of importance as it was an early example of interactive media that reached the consumer market, before the popularization of the Internet or DVDs.
External links
Article on the history of the Beethoven's Ninth Symphony CD-ROM
Ninth Symphony CD-ROM
1989 software
Compact disc
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan%20Radio
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Michigan Radio is a network of five FM public radio stations operated by the University of Michigan through its broadcasting arm, Michigan Public Media. The network is a founding member of National Public Radio and an affiliate of Public Radio International, American Public Media, and BBC World Service. Its main studio is located in Ann Arbor, with satellite studios in Flint and offices in Grand Rapids. It currently airs news and talk, which it has since July 1, 1996. The combined footprint of the five stations covers most of the southern Lower Peninsula of Michigan, from Muskegon to Detroit.
Stations
WUOM
WUOM (91.7 FM) in Ann Arbor is the flagship station of Michigan Radio, broadcasting with a 93,000 watt transmitter from a tower near Pinckney. The University of Michigan applied to the FCC on September 11, 1944, for a station at 43.1 FM (part of a band of frequencies used for testing of Frequency Modulation) with a power of 50,000 watts. At the time an assignment on the new FM band was seen as a significant disadvantage.
The FCC granted a license for WUOM (for University of Michigan) at 91.7 in the brand new FM band; the station went on the air on July 5, 1948. Classical music made up a large chunk of the station's broadcast day until the late 1990s, when, faced with declining ratings and listener pledges, Michigan Radio changed its daytime programming to news and talk. Classical music programming continued for a time at night and was eventually phased out altogether.
WUOM's signal covers most of Southeastern Michigan, including Metro Detroit (where the station has somewhat high ratings for an out-of-market NPR station and competes with Wayne State University's WDET-FM), Lansing and parts of extreme Southwestern Ontario. It is also reported to be the most listened-to station in Ann Arbor, ahead of all commercial signals. The station provides full-power 24-hour news service to listeners in the state capital. Lansing's main NPR news and talk station, WKAR, must sign off at sundown (with a low-powered translator staying on the air at night), WKAR-FM airs the Classical 24 network from 7 pm to 5 am weeknights with minimal, if any, interruptions for news, and WLNZ broadcasts with a much lower broadcast power of 420 watts from a much shorter 30 meter height transmitter.
WFUM
WFUM (91.1 FM), formerly WFUM-FM, licensed to the University of Michigan, is the Flint affiliate of Michigan Radio which began broadcasting on August 23, 1985. It broadcasts with a 17,500 watt transmitter from a tower near Goodrich.
Until 2009, WFUM was the sister station of PBS affiliate WFUM-TV. The stations shared tower space, even after Central Michigan University (CMU) purchased the latter station in January 2010 and changed its callsign to WCMZ-TV later that year. CMU sold WCMZ-TV in the FCC spectrum auction in February 2017 and it was shut down in April 2018.
WVGR
WVGR (104.1 FM), licensed to the University of Michigan, is the Grand Rapids affiliate of Michiga
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniface%20%28programming%20language%29
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Uniface is a low-code development and deployment platform for enterprise applications that can run in a large range of runtime environments, including mobile, mainframe, web, Service-oriented architecture (SOA), Windows, Java EE, and .NET. Uniface is used to create mission-critical applications.
Uniface applications are database and platform independent. Uniface provides an integration framework that enables Uniface applications to integrate with all major DBMS products such as Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, MySQL and IBM Db2. In addition, Uniface also supports file systems such as RMS (HP OpenVMS), Sequential files, operating system text files and a wide range of other technologies, such as IBM mainframe-based products (CICS, IMS), web services, SMTP, POP email, LDAP directories, .NET, ActiveX, Component Object Model (COM), C(++) programs, and Java. Uniface operates under Microsoft Windows, various flavors of Unix, Linux, CentOS and IBM i.
Uniface can be used in complex systems that maintain critical enterprise data supporting mission-critical business processes such as point-of sale and web-based online shopping, financial transactions, salary administration, and inventory control. It is currently used by thousands of companies in more than 30 countries, with an effective installed base of millions of end-users. Uniface applications range from client/server to web, and from data entry to workflow, as well as portals that are accessed locally, via intranets and the internet.
Originally developed in the Netherlands by Inside Automation, later Uniface B.V., the product and company were acquired by Detroit-based Compuware Corp in 1994, and in 2014 was acquired by Marlin Equity Partners and continued as Uniface B.V. global headquartered in Amsterdam. In February 2021 Uniface was acquired by Rocket Software headquartered in Waltham, Massachusetts, USA.
Uniface Products
Uniface Development Environment is an integrated collection of tools for modeling, implementing, compiling, debugging, and distributing applications.
Uniface applications, including the above, use a common runtime infrastructure, consisting of:
Uniface Runtime Engine—a platform-specific process that interprets and executes compiled application components and libraries.
Uniface Router—a multi-threaded process responsible for interprocess communication in Uniface applications. It starts and stops Uniface Server processes, performs load balancing, and passing messages between various Uniface processes.
Uniface Server—a server-based process that enables Uniface clients to access remote resources or to execute remote components. It acts as an application server, a data server, and a file server.
Uniface Repository—an SQL-capable DBMS used to store definitions and properties of development objects, process and organization models, and portal definitions.
Web server—Uniface bundles the Apache Tomcat Server for developing and testing web applications, but any web server can be used in
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stricture
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Stricture may refer to:
stricture (medicine), a narrowing of a tubular structure,.
esophageal stricture, in medicine
a feature of the Perl programming language
tenet, in religion
degree of contact, in a consonant
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QS/1%20Data%20Systems
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QS/1 is an American software company which develops management software for pharmacies. It was founded in 1944 and is based in Spartanburg, South Carolina.
In 1977, the company recognized health care professionals' need for software and hardware packages designed to help provide more efficient and effective care for customers and pharmacy patients. QS/1's first system was the QS/1 Pharmacy System, known as RxCare Plus, and was designed for the independent pharmacy market. QS/1's latest system, known as NRx, has added a more "Windows-like" GUI interface to the RxCare Plus system, continuing to develop easier methods of processing prescriptions.
Today, QS/1 provides products, services, and support to a variety of health care providers with a primary focus on providing the industry's best software for managing independent retail, long-term care and outpatient pharmacies, as well as Home Medical Equipment (HME) and Durable Medical Equipment (DME) providers. Their employees develop software and train and support their customers through their broad network of North American field offices.
Also, PUBLIQ Software provides software and services for state and local governments, law enforcement departments, judicial offices, municipal utilities, and other offices.
QS/1 is also home to PowerLine, which provides insurance claim switching services through redundant data centers and networks for transmission to insurance companies. These redundant networks and data centers support prescription, electronic prescription and credit card transmissions. All traffic to these networks are encrypted between the pharmacy and the insurance company and supports the HIPAA privacy regulations.
In 2018, the company name was changed to Smith Technologies, combining QS/1 with Integra, LLC, based in Anacortes, Washington. The headquarters for Smith Technologies remained in Spartanburg, SC.
On April 1, 2020, Smith Technologies was purchased by private equity and became RedSail Technologies, with headquarters remaining in Spartanburg, SC.
Products
SharpRx - QS/1's Next-Generation Retail Pharmacy System
NRx - Retail Pharmacy System
SystemOne - Home Medical Equipment (HME)/Durable Medical Equipment (DME) System
MSM - Multi-Site Management System
Enterprise - Multiple Stores at a Corporate Location
IVR - QS/1's Interactive Voice Response
Point-of-Sale - QS/1's Cash Management System
WebConnect - Allows long term care facilities to submit secure electronic updated patient information and submit refill prescriptions to the pharmacy
WebRx - Integrated with the NRx system, it offers online prescriptions refills
Interfaces
External links
https://www.qs1.com/
https://www.qs1.com/about/our-story/
https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20200401005511/en/Smith-Technologies-Completes-Acquisition-by-Francisco-Partners-and-Rebrands-as-RedSail-Technologies
Pharmacies of the United States
Health care companies based in South Carolina
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon%20Bell%20%28QNX%29
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Gordon Bell is a Canadian software developer and entrepreneur. He is one of the co-creators of the QNX microkernel real-time operating system.
QNX
Bell and Dan Dodge began the project while students at the University of Waterloo in 1980. Bell and Dodge incorporated Quantum Software Systems in the Ottawa suburb of Kanata, Ontario to develop and sell the operating system, originally called QUNIX. AT&T requested the name be changed to avoid encroaching on their UNIX trademark, so QUNIX was renamed QNX. The company name was later changed to QNX Software Systems. The first commercial version of QNX was released for the Intel 8088 central processing unit (CPU) in 1982.
In 2002, Bell and Dodge were acclaimed as Heroes of Manufacturing by Fortune magazine.
See also
List of University of Waterloo people
References
External links
Living people
University of Waterloo alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
Canadian technology company founders
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan%20Dodge
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Dan Dodge is a cocreator of the QNX microkernel real-time operating system, with Gordon Bell. They began the project while students at the University of Waterloo in 1980. Dodge then moved to Kanata, Ontario, a high-tech area outside Ottawa, to start Quantum Software Systems. It was later renamed QNX Software Systems to avoid confusion with a hard drive manufacturer. The first commercial version of QNX was released for the Intel 8088 central processing unit (CPU) in 1982.
In 1998, Dodge became the 4th awardee of the J. W. Graham Medal, named in honor of Wes Graham an early influential professor of computer science at the University of Waterloo, and annually awarded to an influential alumnus of the University's faculty of mathematics.
In 2002, Dodge and Bell were acclaimed as Heroes of Manufacturing by Fortune magazine.
Mr. Dodge holds a master's degree in mathematics and was the chief executive officer of QNX Software Systems, a division of BlackBerry Limited. In an earnings call on March 29, 2012, BlackBerry CEO Thorsten Heins stated "Dan Dodge is now [BlackBerry]'s lead software architect and is responsible for driving both the QNX business and the BlackBerry 10 platform vision."
Dan Dodge announced his retirement from QNX on 8 September 2015, effective at the end of the year. In late July 2016, it was reported that Dodge will join Apple at the company's new Kanata location, assisting with Apple's automotive team with Bob Mansfield.]
See also
List of University of Waterloo people
References
External links
University of Waterloo alumni
Businesspeople from Ottawa
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Canadian technology company founders
J.W. Graham Medal awardees
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edubuntu
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Edubuntu, previously known as Ubuntu Education Edition, is an official derivative of the Ubuntu operating system designed for use in classrooms inside schools, homes and communities.
Edubuntu is developed in collaboration with teachers and technologists in several countries. Edubuntu is built on top of the Ubuntu base, incorporates the LTSP thin client architecture and several education-specific applications, and is aimed at users aged 6 to 18. It was designed for easy installation and ongoing system maintenance.
Features
Included with Edubuntu is the Linux Terminal Server Project and many applications relevant to education including GCompris, KDE Edutainment Suite, Sabayon Profile Manager, Pessulus Lockdown Editor, Edubuntu Menueditor, LibreOffice, Gnome Nanny and iTalc. Edubuntu CDs were previously available free of charge through their Shipit service; it is only available as a download in a DVD format.
In 23.04, Edubuntu's default GUI is GNOME. From 12.04 to 14.04, Edubuntu's default GUI was Unity; however GNOME, which had previously been the default, was also available. Since release 7.10, KDE is also available as Edubuntu KDE. In 2010, Edubuntu and the Qimo 4 Kids project were working on providing Qimo within Edubuntu, but this was not done as it would not have fit on a CD.
Project goals
The primary goal of Edubuntu was to enable an educator with limited technical knowledge and skills to set up a computer lab or an on-line learning environment in an hour or less and then effectively administer that environment.
The principal design goals of Edubuntu were centralized management of configuration, users and processes, together with facilities for working collaboratively in a classroom setting. Equally important was the gathering together of the best available free software and digital materials for education. According to a statement of goals on the official Edubuntu website: "Our aim is to put together a system that contains all the best free software available in education and make it easy to install and maintain."
It also aimed to allow low income environments to maximize utilisation of their available (older) equipment.
Versions
The first Edubuntu release coincided with the release of Ubuntu 5.10, which was codenamed Breezy Badger on 2005-10-13. With the 8.04 Hardy Heron release of Edubuntu it was given the name of Ubuntu Education Edition and was changed to be an add-on to a standard Ubuntu installation instead of being an installable LiveCD. From version 9.10 onwards, Edubuntu changed to be available as a full system DVD instead of an Add-on CD. Edubuntu is also installable via a selection of "edubuntu" packages for all distributions using the official Ubuntu repositories (Ubuntu and Kubuntu mainly).
Since 14.04, Edubuntu became LTS-only; Edubuntu announced that they would skip the 16.04 LTS update and that they planned on staying with 14.04 due to lack of contributors. It would then be discontinued for a number of years, but
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food%20911
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Food 911 is a 30-minute-long show hosted by Tyler Florence that has aired on the Food Network since 1999.
The premise of the show involves Florence traveling across the United States to help individuals overcome various cooking dilemmas in their homes. A typical show involves three different dishes.
Participation in solving the problem varies by show, but Florence defers credit to his host regardless.
Food Network original programming
2000s American cooking television series
2000 American television series debuts
2006 American television series endings
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Find%20a%20Grave
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Find a Grave is a website that allows the public to search and add to an online database of human and pet cemetery records. It is owned by Ancestry.com. Its stated mission is "to help people from all over the world work together to find, record and present final disposition information as a virtual cemetery experience." Volunteers can create memorials, upload photos of grave markers or deceased persons, transcribe photos of headstones, and more. , the site claimed more than 226 million memorials.
History
The site was created in 1995 by Salt Lake City resident Jim Tipton to support his hobby of visiting the burial sites of celebrities. He later added an online forum. Find a Grave was launched as a commercial entity in 1998, first as a trade name and then incorporated in 2000. The site later expanded to include graves of non-celebrities, in order to allow online visitors to pay respect to their deceased relatives or friends.
In 2013, Tipton sold Find a Grave to Ancestry.com, stating the genealogy company had "been linking and driving traffic to the site for several years. Burial information is a wonderful source for people researching their family history." In a September 30, 2013, press release, Ancestry.com officials said they would "launch a new mobile app, improve customer support, [and] introduce an enhanced edit system for submitting updates to memorials, foreign-language support, and other site improvements."
In March 2017, a beta website for a redesigned Find a Grave was launched at gravestage.com. Between May 29 and July 10 of that year, the beta website was migrated to new.findagrave.com, and a new front end for it was deployed at beta.findagrave.com. In November 2017, the new site became live, and the old site was deprecated. On August 20, 2018, the original Find a Grave website was officially retired.
Content and features
The website contains listings of cemeteries and graves from around the world. American cemeteries are organized by state and county, and many cemetery records contain Google Maps (with GPS coordinates supplied by contributors) and photographs of the cemeteries and gravesites. Individual grave records may contain dates and places of birth and death, biographical information, cemetery and plot information, photographs (of the grave marker, the individual, etc.), and contributor information.
Interment listings are added by individuals, genealogical societies, cemetery associations, and other institutions such as the International Wargraves Photography Project.
Contributors must register as members to submit listings, called memorials, on the site. The submitter becomes the manager of the listing, but may transfer management. Only the current manager of a listing may edit it, although any member may use the site's features to send correction requests to the listing's manager. Managers may add links to memorials of deceased spouses and parents for genealogical purposes. Deceased children's memorials that are linked t
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCSK
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is a Japanese information technology company headquartered in Tokyo, Japan, offering IT services and computer software. Outside of Japan, It is widely known for its acquisition of Sega in 1984, ended in the sale to Sammy in 2004, through which Sega Sammy Holdings was established.
History
In 1969, Sumitomo Computer Service Corporation was established by Sumitomo Corporation. In 2005, Sumitomo Computer Service Corporation and Sumitomo Electronics Corporation were merged into Sumitomo Computer System Corporation.
Separately, in 1968, CSK Corporation was established by Japanese entrepreneur Isao Okawa in 1968. The acronym CSK was derived from "Computer Service". CSK established CSK Research Institute, later renamed as CRI Middleware, in 1983. At its peak, the company, the largest independent software company in Japan until it being acquired, was called the CSK Group. In the 2000s, its real estate investment business failed, resulting in heavy losses to the company after Okawa's death in 2001.
In April 2011, Sumitomo Corporation acquired CSK through a takeover. In October 2011, Sumitomo Computer System Corporation and CSK Corporation went through a statutory merger, in which Sumitomo Computer System absorbed CSK Corporation and was re-branded SCSK Corporation.
Services
The company offers the services of system integration, cloud computing, information security and produces computer software in Japan, mostly on a B2B basis for enterprises. SCSK Corporation's business type and scope is similar to those of Itochu Techno-Solutions, Uniadex and Mitsui Knowledge Industry, which also specialize in IT services. The company has been listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange since 1989, then as Sumitomo Computer Service Corporation.
See also
List of companies of Japan
References
External links
Official website
Cloud computing providers
Computer security companies
Information technology consulting firms of Japan
Japanese brands
Software companies of Japan
Service companies based in Tokyo
Sumitomo Group
1969 establishments in Japan
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spoofed%20URL
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A spoofed URL involves one website masquerading as another, often leveraging vulnerabilities in web browser technology to facilitate a malicious computer attack. These attacks are particularly effective against computers that lack up-to-date security patches. Alternatively, some spoofed URLs are crafted for satirical purposes.
In such an attack scenario, an unsuspecting computer user visits a website and observes a familiar URL, like http://www.wikipedia.org, in the address bar. However, unbeknownst to them, the information they input is being directed to a completely different location, usually monitored by an information thief. When a fraudulent website requests sensitive information, it's referred to as phishing.
These fraudulent websites often entice users through emails or hyperlinks.
In a different variation, a website might resemble the original but is, in reality, a parody. These instances are generally harmless and conspicuously distinct from the genuine sites, as they typically do not exploit web browser vulnerabilities.
Another avenue for these exploits involves redirects within a hosts file, rerouting traffic from legitimate sites to an alternate IP associated with the spoofed URL.
Cyber security
Spoofing is the act of deception or hoaxing. URLs are the address of a resource (as a document or website) on the Internet that consists of a communications protocol followed by the name or address of a computer on the network and that often includes additional locating information (as directory and file names). Simply, a spoofed URL is a web address that illuminates an immense amount of deception through its ability to appear as an original site, despite it not being one. In order to prevent falling victim to the prevalent scams stemmed from the spoofed URLs, major software companies have come forward and advised techniques to detect and prevent spoofed URLs.
Detection
In order to prevent criminals from accessing personal information, such as credit card information, bank account/routing numbers, and one’s telephone number, home address, etc. it is important to learn and understand how these spoof URLs can be detected. It is very important to first verify the name of the site on a digital certification through the use of SSL/TLS. Always try to identify the actual URL for the web page you are on. Make sure you are able to see the full URL for any hyperlink, so that you can examine the address. Some characters that are commonly found in spoofed URLs are: %00, %01, @. Sometimes the URLs can differ by a single letter or number. In general, only input personal information on a Website if the name has been verified on the digital certificate. Also, if you have any concern about the confidentiality of a website leave the page immediately.
Prevention
Spoofed URLs, a universal defining identity for phishing scams, pose a serious threat to end-users and commercial institutions. Email continues to be the favorite vehicle to perpetrate such scam
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nockebybanan
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Nockebybanan is a tram line between Nockeby and Alvik in the western suburbs of Stockholm, Sweden. The long line is part of the Storstockholms Lokaltrafik public transport network, and connects with the Stockholm metro and Tvärbanan tram at Alvik metro station. The Nockebybanan, also known as line 12, is operated by Arriva.
History
The first part of the current line to Alléparken was opened in 1914, following the construction of a pontoon bridge across Tranebergssund. The line was then gradually extended westwards, reaching the current terminus at Nockeby in 1929. To the east, the line ran to Tegelbacken in central Stockholm.
The pontoon bridge was replaced in 1934 with the new Tranebergsbron. Planning for a Metro system started around this time, and in 1944 the Ängbybanan route was built from Alvik to Åkeshov (and later Islandstorget), operated initially with trams but designed as a grade-separated route for later conversion. Conversion happened in 1952, forming the western section of the present-day Stockholm metro Green Line. Consequently, the Nockebybanan was cut off from running into the city and became a feeder route for the Metro at Alvik.
Nockebybanan and Lidingöbanan were the only tram lines in the Stockholm region not to be withdrawn in conjunction with the switch to right-hand traffic in 1967. Since the line does not run on the street, and was simple and self-contained, and bi-directional rolling stock was available from the pre-metro tram lines, it was easier to convert to right-hand running than the rest of the network. Trams now run on the right from Nockeby to the penultimate station at Alléparken, where they cross over and run on the left into Alvik, permitting cross-platform interchange with the Metro.
By the 1990s, the line and rolling stock was in a poor state of repair and was widely expected to be dismantled and replaced with bus services. In 1975, the line had been re-numbered from 12 to 120, matching the numbering scheme used by local buses. The number was reverted back to 12 later. However, a concerted local campaign saved the line and from June 1997 to June 1998 the line was closed and renovated, and new Bombardier Flexity Swift (A32) trams were introduced from 1999.
A running race in the surrounding neighbourhoods, Tolvanloppet takes both name and distance (12 km) from the line number.
Lines
Nockebybanan has a single line (line 12) with ten stops, running from Nockeby to Alvik in Bromma borough. At Alvik metro station, passengers can use the cross-platform interchange provided to change to the Stockholm metro green line (lines 17, 18 and 19), or they can change to Tvärbanan (line 30 and 31) at lower level platforms. The tramway is separated from roads, but has some level crossings. The journey time from Alvik to Nockeby is 14 minutes, with service intervals varying between 6 minutes in the morning and evening peaks, and 20 minutes during the evening and weekend. Typical weekday traffic is around 11,800 boardi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signed%20zero
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Signed zero is zero with an associated sign. In ordinary arithmetic, the number 0 does not have a sign, so that −0, +0 and 0 are equivalent. However, in computing, some number representations allow for the existence of two zeros, often denoted by −0 (negative zero) and +0 (positive zero), regarded as equal by the numerical comparison operations but with possible different behaviors in particular operations. This occurs in the sign-magnitude and ones' complement signed number representations for integers, and in most floating-point number representations. The number 0 is usually encoded as +0, but can still be represented by +0, −0, or 0.
The IEEE 754 standard for floating-point arithmetic (presently used by most computers and programming languages that support floating-point numbers) requires both +0 and −0. Real arithmetic with signed zeros can be considered a variant of the extended real number line such that 1/−0 = −∞ and 1/+0 = +∞; division is only undefined for ±0/±0 and ±∞/±∞.
Negatively signed zero echoes the mathematical analysis concept of approaching 0 from below as a one-sided limit, which may be denoted by x → 0−, x → 0−, or x → ↑0. The notation "−0" may be used informally to denote a negative number that has been rounded to zero. The concept of negative zero also has some theoretical applications in statistical mechanics and other disciplines.
It is claimed that the inclusion of signed zero in IEEE 754 makes it much easier to achieve numerical accuracy in some critical problems, in particular when computing with complex elementary functions. On the other hand, the concept of signed zero runs contrary to the usual assumption made in mathematics that negative zero is the same value as zero. Representations that allow negative zero can be a source of errors in programs, if software developers do not take into account that while the two zero representations behave as equal under numeric comparisons, they yield different results in some operations.
Representations
Binary integer formats can use various encodings. In the widely used two's complement encoding, zero is unsigned. In a 1+7-bit sign-and-magnitude representation for integers, negative zero is represented by the bit string . In an 8-bit ones' complement representation, negative zero is represented by the bit string . In all these three encodings, positive or unsigned zero is represented by . However, the latter two encodings (with a signed zero) are uncommon for integer formats. The most common formats with a signed zero are floating-point formats (IEEE 754 formats or similar), described below.
In IEEE 754 binary floating-point formats, zero values are represented by the biased exponent and significand both being zero. Negative zero has the sign bit set to one. One may obtain negative zero as the result of certain computations, for instance as the result of arithmetic underflow on a negative number (other results may also be possible), or −1.0×0.0, or simply as −0.0.
In
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactive%20Systems%20Corporation
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Interactive Systems Corporation (styled INTERACTIVE Systems Corporation, abbreviated ISC) was a US-based software company and the first vendor of the Unix operating system outside AT&T, operating from Santa Monica, California. It was founded in 1977 by Peter G. Weiner, a RAND Corporation researcher who had previously founded the Yale University computer science department and had been the Ph. D. advisor to Brian Kernighan, one of Unix's developers at AT&T. Weiner was joined by Heinz Lycklama, also a veteran of AT&T and previously the author of a Version 6 Unix port to the LSI-11 computer.
ISC was acquired by the Eastman Kodak Company in 1988,
which sold its ISC Unix operating system assets to Sun Microsystems on September 26, 1991. Kodak sold the remaining parts of ISC to SHL Systemhouse Inc in 1993.
Several former ISC staff founded Segue Software which partnered with Lotus Development to develop the Unix version of Lotus 1-2-3 and with Peter Norton Computing to develop the Unix version of the Norton Utilities.
Products
ISC's 1977 offering, IS/1, was a Version 6 Unix variant enhanced for office automation running on the PDP-11. IS/3 and IS/5 were enhanced versions of Unix System III and System V for PDP-11 and VAX. ISC Unix ports to the IBM PC included a variant of System III, developed under contract to IBM, known as PC/IX (Personal Computer Interactive eXecutive, also abbreviated PC-IX), with later versions branded 386/ix and finally INTERACTIVE UNIX System V/386 (based on System V Release 3.2). ISC was AT&T's "Principal Publisher" for System V.4 on the Intel platform. ISC was also involved in the development of VM/IX (Unix as a guest OS in VM/370) and enhancements to IX/370 (a TSS/370-based Unix system that IBM originally developed jointly with AT&T ca. 1980). They also developed the AIX 1.0 (Advanced Interactive eXecutive) for the IBM RT PC, again under contract to IBM, although IBM awarded the development contract for AIX version 2 of AIX/386 and AIX/370 to the competing Locus Computing Corporation.
PC/IX
Although observers in the early 1980s expected that IBM would choose Microsoft Xenix or a version from AT&T Corporation as the Unix for its microcomputer, PC/IX was the first Unix implementation for the IBM PC XT available directly from IBM. According to Bob Blake, the PC/IX product manager for IBM, their "primary objective was to make a credible Unix system - [...] not try to 'IBM-ize' the product. PC-IX is System III Unix." PC/IX was not, however, the first Unix port to the XT: Venix/86 preceded PC/IX by about a year, although it was based on the older Version 7 Unix.
The main addition to PC/IX was the INed screen editor from ISC. INed offered multiple windows and context-sensitive help, paragraph justification and margin changes, although it was not a fully fledged word processor. PC/IX omitted the System III FORTRAN compiler and the tar file archiver, and did not add BSD tools like vi or the C shell. One reason for not porting t
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ClearTalk
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ClearTalk is a controlled natural language—a kind of a formal language for expressing information that is designed to be both human-readable (being based on English) and easily processed by a computer.
Anyone who can read English can immediately read ClearTalk, and the people who write ClearTalk learn to write it while using it. The ClearTalk system itself does most of the training through use: the restrictions are shown by menus and templates and are enforced by immediate syntactic checks. By consistently using ClearTalk for its output, a system reinforces the acceptable syntactic forms.
It is used by the experimental knowledge management software Ikarus and by a knowledge base management system Fact Guru.
See also
Attempto Controlled English
Newspeak
xTalk
References
Knowledge representation languages
Controlled English
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association%20for%20History%20and%20Computing
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The Association for History and Computing (AHC) was an organization dedicated to the use of computers in historical research.
The AHC was an international organization with the aim of promoting the use of computers in all types of historical study, both for teaching and research.
It was originally proposed at a conference at Westfield College, University of London, in March 1986. It was founded during a second conference at the same location a year later in March 1987.
The Association oversaw a journal, History and Computing (now International Journal of Humanities and Arts Computing, published by Edinburgh University Press.
References
External links
Journal of the Association for History and Computing (2005-2010)
AHC website including aims and activities - version 2001 - internet archive
Information technology organisations based in the United Kingdom
History organisations based in the United Kingdom
History and Computing
Organizations established in 1987
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical%20Data%20Display%20Manager
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GDDM (Graphical Data Display Manager) is a computer graphics system for the IBM System/370 which was developed in IBM's Hursley lab, and first released in 1979. GDDM was originally designed to provide programming support for the IBM 3279 colour display terminal and the associated 3287 colour printer. The 3279 was a colour graphics terminal designed to be used in a general business environment.
GDDM was extended in the early 1980s to provide graphics support for all of IBM's display terminals and printers, and ran on all of IBM's mainframe operating systems.
GDDM also provided support for the (then current) international standards for interactive computer graphics: GKS and PHIGS. Both GKS and PHIGS were designed around the requirements of CAD systems.
GDDM is also available on the IBM i midrange operating system, as well as its predecessor, the AS/400.
GDDM comprises a number of components:
Graphics primitives - lines, circles, boxes etc.
Graphing - through the Presentation Graphics Feature (PGF)
Language support - PL/I, REXX, COBOL etc.
Conversion capabilities - for example to GIF format.
Interactive Chart Utility (ICU).
GDDM remains in widespread use today, embedded in many z/OS applications, as well as in system programs.
GDDM and OS/2 Presentation Manager
IBM and Microsoft began collaborating on the design of OS/2 in 1986. The Graphics Presentation Interface (GPI), the graphics API in the OS/2 Presentation Manager, was based on IBM's GDDM and the Graphics Control Program (GCP). GCP was originally developed in Hursley for the 3270/PC-G and 3270/PC-GX terminals.
The GPI was the primary graphics API for the OS/2 operating system.
At the time (1980s), the graphical user interface (GUI) was still in its early stages of popularity, but already it was clear that the foundation of a good GUI was a graphics API with strong real-time interactive capabilities. Unfortunately, the design of GDDM was closer to (at the time) traditional graphics APIs like GKS, which made it unsuited for more than the simplest interactive uses.
Microsoft and IBM went their separate ways in 1991. Microsoft continued development of its Windows operating environment with Graphics Device Interface (GDI) graphics API. IBM continued with OS/2 for several more years.
References
Charles Petzold, Programming the OS/2 Presentation Manager, Microsoft Press, 1989. .
External links
announcement of 3279 and 3287.
GDDM Programming Guide
Graphics software
OS/2
Graphical Data Display Manager
IBM mainframe software
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pubstro
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A pubstro (or just stro) is a hacked computer or server with an installed FTP server. This FTP server is used to facilitate the transferring and spreading of warez, or copyrighted software.
This is typically accomplished by scanning broad IP address ranges with port scanners in search of servers running open ports that are vulnerable to attack by various scripts (e.g. CGI, PHP, VNC, etc.). The scripts are utilized to gain entry into the server whereupon the cracker uploads server software and creates logins. Many crackers will then patch the server against the very vulnerabilities they utilized to compromise the system thereby protecting it from being hijacked by other FXP groups.
Although widely used among FXP boards, pubstros are frowned upon in the warez scene.
See also
Cybercrime
Topsite (warez)
References
Braithwaite, Richard, "The ‘pubstro’ phenomenon: Robin Hoods of the Internet" (2003). ACIS 2003 Proceedings. 104.
Jelver, P.: Pubstro-hacking – Systematic Establishment of Warez Servers on Windows Internet Servers, Verified: July 24 (2003), July 23 (2002)
Pubstro and pubbing explanations on aboutthescene.com.
Warez
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upcoming
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Upcoming (formerly Upcoming.org) is a social event calendar website that launched in 2003, founded by Andy Baio.
Features
Upcoming combines features of an event calendar and a social networking site. Primarily, the site is a searchable, browseable repository of upcoming events, such as art exhibits, conferences, and music concerts. Event information is primarily contributed by the user community, although in its later years, an increasing percentage of event data originated from commercial sources. Users can indicate their plans by marking that they are "watching" or "going" to an event. Users can also establish "friend" relationships with each other and receive notifications about what their friends are attending.
The site switched to the Yahoo! user accounts system in early 2007, and changed its domain name to upcoming.yahoo.com. At the same time, the site formally changed its name from "Upcoming.org" to simply "Upcoming".
Upcoming uses iCalendar, GeoRSS, and RSS for content syndication and supports an open API for searching or submitting event data. It also uses hCalendar microformats, so that events can be downloaded directly into calendar applications.
History
On October 4, 2005, Upcoming.org was acquired by Yahoo!. In April 2013, Yahoo! announced the retirement of Upcoming.
On May 7, 2014, Andy Baio launched a Kickstarter campaign to re-launch upcoming.org independently of Yahoo!
References
Discontinued Yahoo! services
Calendaring software
Internet properties established in 2003
Social planning websites
Yahoo! acquisitions
Kickstarter-funded software
2005 mergers and acquisitions
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IFolder
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iFolder is an open-source application, developed by Novell, Inc., intended to allow cross-platform file sharing across computer networks.
iFolder operates on the concept of shared folders, where a folder is marked as shared and the contents of the folder are then synchronized to other computers over a network, either directly between computers in a peer-to-peer fashion or through a server. This is intended to allow a single user to synchronize files between different computers (for example between a work computer and a home computer) or share files with other users (for example a group of people who are collaborating on a project).
The core of the iFolder is actually a project called Simias. It is Simias which actually monitors files for changes, synchronizes these changes and controls the access permissions on folders. The actual iFolder clients (including a graphical desktop client and a web client) are developed as separate programs that communicate with the Simias back-end.
History
Originally conceived and developed at PGSoft before the company was taken over by Novell in 2000, iFolder was announced by Novell on March 19, 2001, and released on June 29, 2001 as a software package for Windows NT/2000 and Novell NetWare 5.1 or included with the forthcoming Novell NetWare 6.0. It also included the ability to access shared files through a web browser.
iFolder Professional Edition 2, announced on March 13, 2002 and released a month later, added support for Linux and Solaris and web access support for Windows CE and Palm OS. This edition was also designed to share files between millions of users in large companies, with increased reporting features for administrators. In 2003 iFolder won a Codie award.
On March 22, 2004, after their purchase of the Linux software companies Ximian and SUSE, Novell announced that they were releasing iFolder as an open source project under the GPL license. They also announced that the open source version of iFolder would use the Mono framework in an effort to ease development.
iFolder 3.0 was released on June 22, 2005.
On March 31, 2006, Novell announced that iFolder Enterprise Server is now Open Source.
On April 2, 2009, Novell released iFolder 3.7.2 which included a Mac client for 10.4 and 10.5 as well as a Windows Vista client. In addition to the improved client lineup this version supports SSL, LDAPGroup Support, Auto-account creation, iFolder Merge, and Enhanced web access and administration. The iFolder.com website has been completely redesigned with no references to the earlier versions.
On Nov 25, 2009, Novell released iFolder 3.8
See also
Comparison of file hosting services
Comparison of file synchronization software
Comparison of online backup services
References
External links
Installation procedure for OpenSUSE. OpenSUSE is recommended because of its lineage to OES and SLES
Installation procedure for Ubuntu and Debian
Installation procedure for Ubuntu 11.04 based on official RPM pa
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampullae%20of%20Lorenzini
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Ampullae of Lorenzini (: ampulla) are electroreceptors, sense organs able to detect electric fields. They form a network of mucus-filled pores in the skin of cartilaginous fish (sharks, rays, and chimaeras) and of basal bony fishes such as reedfish, sturgeon, and lungfish. They are associated with and evolved from the mechanosensory lateral line organs of early vertebrates. Most bony fishes and terrestrial vertebrates have lost their ampullae of Lorenzini.
History
Ampullae were initially described by Marcello Malpighi and later given an exact description by the Italian physician and ichthyologist Stefano Lorenzini in 1679, though their function was unknown. Electrophysiological experiments in the 20th century suggested a sensibility to temperature, mechanical pressure, and possibly salinity. In 1960 the ampullae were identified as specialized receptor organs for sensing electric fields. One of the first descriptions of calcium-activated potassium channels was based on studies of the ampulla of Lorenzini in the skate.
Evolution
Ampullae of Lorenzini are physically associated with and evolved from the mechanosensory lateral line organs of early vertebrates. Passive electroreception using ampullae is an ancestral trait in the vertebrates, meaning that it was present in their last common ancestor. Ampullae of Lorenzini are present in cartilaginous fishes (sharks, rays, and chimaeras), lungfishes, bichirs, coelacanths, sturgeons, paddlefishes, aquatic salamanders, and caecilians. Ampullae of Lorenzini appear to have been lost early in the evolution of bony fishes and tetrapods, though the evidence for absence in many groups is incomplete and unsatisfactory.
Anatomy
Each ampulla is a bundle of sensory cells containing multiple nerve fibres in a sensory bulb (the endampulle) in a collagen sheath, and a gel-filled canal (the ampullengang) which opens to the surface by a pore in the skin. The gel is a glycoprotein-based substance with the same resistivity as seawater, and electrical properties similar to a semiconductor.
Pores are concentrated in the skin around the snout and mouth of sharks and rays, as well as the anterior nasal flap, barbel, circumnarial fold and lower labial furrow. Canal size typically corresponds to the body size of the animal but the number of ampullae remains the same. The canals of the ampullae of Lorenzini can be pored or non-pored. Non-pored canals do not interact with external fluid movement but serve a function as a tactile receptor to prevent interferences with foreign particles.
Electroreception
The ampullae detect electric fields in the water, or more precisely the potential difference between the voltage at the skin pore and the voltage at the base of the electroreceptor cells.
A positive pore stimulus decreases the rate of nerve activity coming from the electroreceptor cells, while a negative pore stimulus increases the rate. Each ampulla contains a single layer of receptor cells, separated by supporting ce
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zasshi%20Kiji%20Sakuin
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Zasshi Kiji Sakuin (雑誌記事索引, "Japanese Periodicals Index"), often called Zassaku in short, is a searchable database of scholarly articles in Japanese. The database, produced by the National Diet Library (NDL) in 1948, catalogs selected articles from NDL's extensive collection of periodicals. The database was created for the purpose of facilitating scholastic research in providing citation information. Scholarly journals, specialized magazines, institutional periodical publications and general-interest magazines are included in the database from all areas of academic interest: humanities, social sciences, science and technology, and medical sciences, including pharmacology. Approximately 10,000 periodicals and more than 6,660,000 articles are currently registered in Zasshi Kiji Sakuin. It is updated every two weeks. Zasshi Kiji Sakuin's extensive coverage of periodicals provides an excellent bibliography of research and publications in Japan, which may not necessarily appear in non-Japanese journals of Japanese studies.
Collection
Content of coverage
Besides its extensive collection of academic journals, the database has collected non-academic magazines and periodicals since 1996 to cater to the research needs of the general public. In 1996, the database added weekly magazines: サンデー毎日、週刊読売、週刊朝日、週刊現代、週刊文春、週刊新潮、週刊ポスト、週刊宝石、Aera、金曜日, which, according to a survey conducted by NDL, are, among other magazines, most frequently used by the public. The database also acquired corporate magazines, high school and community college publications, and other research-related magazines. From 1996 to 2000, the number of magazines included in the database had increased from 3100 to 9000 due to NDL's major expansion of its magazines and periodicals. A full list of periodicals entry, as well as the selection criteria for the periodicals and articles, are available in Japanese through NDL's official website. In addition to the Japanese periodicals, the database contains foreign periodicals published in Japan, as well as Japanese periodicals published outside Japan.
Period of coverage
Zasshi Kiji Sakuin covers articles published after 1975. The articles in humanities and social sciences include those published since 1948. NDL is currently working on indexing articles in science and technology, which were published between 1948 and 1974. The project will extend until the fiscal year of 2007, but the citations are gradually becoming available in the database.
Access
OPAC
Produced by the National Diet Library, Zasshi Kiji Sakuin is free of charge and can be accessed through NDL's Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC), under "Search for Japanese Periodicals Index" on the English page and 雑誌記事索引の検索/申込み on the Japanese page. The OPAC is available both in Japanese and in English, and words can also be entered both in Japanese and in Romaji. Article information can be searched by article title, author name, journal title, and publisher's name. In-text keyword search is not
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supply%20network
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A supply network is a pattern of temporal and spatial processes carried out at facility nodes and over distribution links, which adds value for customers through the manufacturing and delivery of products. It comprises the general state of business affairs in which all kinds of material (work-in-process material as well as finished products) are transformed and moved between various value-added points to maximize the value added for customers. In the semiconductor industry, for example, work-in-process moves from fabrication to assembly, and then to the test house. The term "supply network" refers to the high-tech phenomenon of contract manufacturing where the brand owner does not touch the product. Instead, she coordinates with contract manufacturers and component suppliers who ship components to the brand owner. This business practice requires the brand owner to stay in touch with multiple parties or "network" at once.
A supply chain is a special instance of a supply network in which raw materials, intermediate materials and finished goods are procured exclusively as products through a chain of processes that supply one another.
Resilient supply networks
A resilient supply network effectively aligns its strategy, operations, management systems, governance structure, and decision-support capabilities so that it can uncover and adjust to continually changing risks, endure disruptions to its primary earnings drivers, and create advantages over less adaptive competitors. Moreover, it has the capability to respond rapidly to unforeseen changes, even chaotic disruption. The resilience of a supply network is the ability to bounce back – and, in fact, to bounce forward with speed, determination and precision. In recent studies, resilience is regarded as the next phase in the evolution of traditional, place-centric enterprise structures to highly virtualized, customer-centric structures that enable people to work anytime, anywhere.
Resilient supply networks should align its strategy and operations to adapt to risk that affects its capacities. There are 4 levels of supply chain resilience:
reactive supply chain management.
internal supply chain integration with planned buffers.
collaboration across extended supply chain networks.
a dynamic supply chain adaptation and flexibility.
Strategic resilience
From the strategic resilient viewpoint, a supply network must dynamically reinvent business models and strategies as circumstances change. It is not about responding to a one-time crisis, or just having a flexible supply chain. It is about continuously anticipating and adjusting to discontinuities that can permanently impair the value preposition of a core business with focus on delivering customer satisfaction. Strategic resilience requires continuous innovation with respect to product structures, processes, but also corporate behaviour. Renewal can be regarded as the natural consequence of a supply network’s innate strategic resilience.
Operational
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIAI
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SIAI may refer to:
The Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence, an organization renamed in 2013 to the Machine Intelligence Research Institute
Società Idrovolanti Alta Italia, an Italian aircraft manufacturer
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Justice%20League%20episodes
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Justice League is an American animated series about a team of superheroes, which ran from 2001 to 2004 on Cartoon Network. The series is based on the Justice League and associated comic book characters published by DC Comics. It follows the adventures of Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, Green Lantern, The Flash, Hawkgirl, and Martian Manhunter. The series was immediately followed by Justice League Unlimited (2004-2006).
Series overview
Episode list
Season 1 (2001–2002)
Season 2 (2003–2004)
Starting this season, the episodes were produced in 16:9 widescreen which were letterboxed in 4:3 when broadcast.
Static Shock crossovers
Note: Chronologically, these episodes take place prior to "Starcrossed", as they make use of the original Watchtower and Shayera Hol still uses her "Hawkgirl" cover.
Other
The comic series spun off from Justice League (Justice League Adventures and Justice League Unlimited) are loosely set in the same continuity as the series. They occasionally use different characters, such as Blue Beetle, Mary Marvel, Power Girl, Black Lightning and Firestorm and sometimes contradict events already shown, for example Wonder Woman remembering the events from "The Once and Future Thing".
Matt Wayne (who wrote "Chaos At Earth's Core", "Flash & Substance", and "Patriot Act") wrote issues 37 and 38 of the comic. His stories are based on unused episode ideas.
References
External links
Justice League animated @ The World's Finest
World's Finest – Justice League Adventures Comic Guide
World's Finest – Justice League Unlimited Comic Guide
Episodes
Justice League
Lists of American children's animated television series episodes
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanmina%20Corporation
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Sanmina Corporation is an American electronics manufacturing services (EMS) provider headquartered in San Jose, California that serves original equipment manufacturers in communications and computer hardware fields. The firm has nearly 80 manufacturing sites, and is one of the world’s largest independent manufacturers of printed circuit boards and backplanes. , it is ranked number 482 in the Fortune 500 list.
History
Sanmina was founded by Jure Sola and Milan Mandarić in 1980 as a printed circuit board manufacturer. It was named after Milan Manadarić's daughters Sandra and Jasmina. During the 1980s, it expanded into manufacturing backplanes and subassemblies for the telecommunications industry. During the 1990s, the company grew, producing complete products for major OEM companies and completing a number of acquisitions. Jure Sola became CEO and Chairman of Sanmina in 1991. The company completed an initial public offering on NASDAQ in 1993.
Merger and name changes
In December 2001, Sanmina merged with SCI Systems of Huntsville, Alabama, for $6 billion in cash, stock, and debt. Although Sanmina was only half as large as SCI at the time, it was in a better cash position because its core telecommunications business was performing well, whereas SCI's lower-margin businesses such as personal computer manufacturing, were struggling. Shortly after, Sanmina-SCI bought E-M Solutions, a bankrupt Fremont, California electronics manufacturer, for $110 million in cash. Then in early 2002, Sanmina acquired Rancho Santa Margarita-based Viking Interworks for $15 million ($10.9 million in cash and 390,000 shares of Sanmina stock worth $10.26 per share at the time).
On November 15, 2012, the company changed its name to Sanmina.
On July 2, 2015, the company announced that it had acquired the CertainSource Technology Group.
Change of Leadership
Bob Eulau replaced co-founder Jure Sola becoming the CEO effective October 2, 2017. After this change, Sola assumed the role of Executive Chairman of the Board . Hartmut Liebel assumed the role of CEO in October, 2019. Jure Sola returned again as CEO in August 2020.
Operations
In 2015, the San Jose, California-based company had 38,417 employees in over 27 countries on six continents. It serves clients in the fields of communications, computing, multimedia, semiconductors, defense, aerospace, medical applications, and automotive technology. It provides consulting, design, engineering, logistics, new product introduction, assembly, machining, and fabrication, to produce printed circuit boards, backplanes, electrical cables, injection-molded plastics, enclosures and frames, optics.
On May 11, 2018, Ather Energy, announced it had entered into an agreement with the company to develop and manufacture key components for its maiden scooter and production would take place in the company's facility in Chennai, India.
On March 3, 2021, Astrotech Corporation announced that its Astrotech Technologies, Inc. subsidiary has e
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational%20finance
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Computational finance is a branch of applied computer science that deals with problems of practical interest in finance. Some slightly different definitions are the study of data and algorithms currently used in finance and the mathematics of computer programs that realize financial models or systems.
Computational finance emphasizes practical numerical methods rather than mathematical proofs and focuses on techniques that apply directly to economic analyses. It is an interdisciplinary field between mathematical finance and numerical methods. Two major areas are efficient and accurate computation of fair values of financial securities and the modeling of stochastic time series.
History
The birth of computational finance as a discipline can be traced to Harry Markowitz in the early 1950s. Markowitz conceived of the portfolio selection problem as an exercise in mean-variance optimization. This required more computer power than was available at the time, so he worked on useful algorithms for approximate solutions. Mathematical finance began with the same insight, but diverged by making simplifying assumptions to express relations in simple closed forms that did not require sophisticated computer science to evaluate.
In the 1960s, hedge fund managers such as Ed Thorp and Michael Goodkin (working with Harry Markowitz, Paul Samuelson and Robert C. Merton) pioneered the use of computers in arbitrage trading. In academics, sophisticated computer processing was needed by researchers such as Eugene Fama in order to analyze large amounts of financial data in support of the efficient-market hypothesis.
During the 1970s, the main focus of computational finance shifted to options pricing and analyzing mortgage securitizations. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, a group of young quantitative practitioners who became known as "rocket scientists" arrived on Wall Street and brought along personal computers. This led to an explosion of both the amount and variety of computational finance applications. Many of the new techniques came from signal processing and speech recognition rather than traditional fields of computational economics like optimization and time series analysis.
By the end of the 1980s, the winding down of the Cold War brought a large group of displaced physicists and applied mathematicians, many from behind the Iron Curtain, into finance. These people become known as "financial engineers" ("quant" is a term that includes both rocket scientists and financial engineers, as well as quantitative portfolio managers). This led to a second major extension of the range of computational methods used in finance, also a move away from personal computers to mainframes and supercomputers. Around this time computational finance became recognized as a distinct academic subfield. The first degree program in computational finance was offered by Carnegie Mellon University in 1994.
Over the last 20 years, the field of computational finance has expanded into vir
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WSHM-LD
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WSHM-LD (channel 33) is a low-power television station in Springfield, Massachusetts, United States, affiliated with CBS. It is owned by Gray Television alongside ABC/Fox/MyNetworkTV affiliate WGGB-TV (channel 40). Both stations share studios on Liberty Street in Springfield, while WSHM-LD's transmitter is located on Mount Tom in Holyoke.
Although considered a separate station in its own right, WSHM-LD is actually operated as a semi-satellite of WFSB (channel 3) in Hartford–New Haven, Connecticut. WSHM-LD clears all network programming as provided through its parent station, but airs a separate lineup of syndicated programming, as well as separate commercial inserts and its own legal identifications. Master control and some internal operations are based at WFSB's studios on Denise D'Ascenzo Way in Rocky Hill, Connecticut.
History
The station signed on as W67DF in 1996 airing a low-powered analog signal, on UHF channel 67, from a transmitter on Mount Tom in Holyoke. The station served as the Pioneer Valley's over-the-air repeater of the Trinity Broadcasting Network without any local deviation outside of station identification.
Originally, CBS was seen in the Pioneer Valley on WHYN-TV (now WGGB-TV) from 1953 until 1959. The end of WHYN's CBS affiliation came several months after WFSB (then known as WTIC-TV with no relation to the current station except for the same call sign) became the network's Connecticut affiliate. Due to its strong analog signal on VHF channel 3, the station also became CBS' affiliate of record in Springfield; most cable television providers in Western Massachusetts carried WFSB once cable arrived in the Pioneer Valley in the early 1980s. Cable companies in Berkshire County carried WRGB-TV, as that area is considered to be a part of the Albany media market; Worcester County was also served by WHDH (now an independent station) and later WBZ-TV from Boston. Later on, WTIC-TV/WFSB would begin to purchase the syndicated territorial rights to programming for both the Hartford–New Haven and Springfield–Holyoke markets in bulk. It also blocked several attempts by WGGB to switch from ABC back to CBS.
In 2003, the Meredith Corporation (having acquired WFSB in June 1997) purchased W67DF in order to set up a separate operation in the Pioneer Valley. Reasons for such a launch ranged from local advertising opportunities, to being able to assert the Pioneer Valley as a secondary New England Patriots market as the team started its two-decade Brady–Belichick era. Meredith hoped to avoid preempting Patriots games in Hartford–New Haven, since Connecticut is located on the dividing line between the traditional home territories for Boston and New York City teams, and longstanding split allegiances among area fans between the Patriots and their AFC East rivals, the New York Jets. In November of that year, the station joined CBS and adopted the call sign WSHM-LP after officially upgrading to low-power status. TBN remains available easily throug
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armored%20Core%20%28video%20game%29
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is a 1997 third-person shooter mecha video game developed by FromSoftware and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation. It was originally released in Japan by FromSoftware in July 1997 and in North America in October 1997 and Europe in 1998 by Sony Computer Entertainment. The game is the first entry in the Armored Core series. A digital port was released in 2007 in Japan and 2015 in North America on the PlayStation Network as a part of the PSone Classics line of games.
The story introduces many elements that are commonly found in later games in the series, such as corporatocracies and mech robots known as "Armored Cores". The game takes place in a future Earth that has been wiped out by a cataclysm and forced humanity underground, a theme which would continue until Armored Core 4.
Gameplay involves controlling Armored Cores in combat scenarios against other Cores and vehicles. Cores are highly modular, allowing players a great deal of customization over them, such as swapping out different leg units to gain speed advantages. As players complete more missions, they gain credits to purchase different items and parts for their Core. Armored Core was favorably received by critics, who were especially impressed with its customization and multiplayer.
Gameplay
In single-player, players choose missions to engage enemies and earn credits. Within missions, the player navigates levels built on different kinds of terrain, ranging from desert bases to space stations. Levels are extremely open, forcing the player to look around for enemies that can appear from all directions. Like many shooters, the primary weapon types available for use are guns, rocket launchers, lasers, missiles, and swords which can be customized at will based on player purchases. Ammunition and repair costs are deducted from mission rewards, and mission failure still penalizes the player with these deductions. The player is responsible for purchasing their weapons and AC parts, and must use the money they earn from missions to that end.
As the player progresses through missions, the pay increases, but choosing specific missions can lock others down, creating a branching path through the story that can be noticeably different on subsequent play sessions.
The game has a two-player versus mode using a split screen or the PlayStation Link Cable.
Plot
The vast majority of Earth's population is wiped out by a cataclysmic war known as the "Great Destruction". The harsh conditions that result force the few remaining survivors to live underground for fifty years, during which time corporations come to power. The two largest corporations, Chrome and Murakumo Millennium, constantly battle each other for supremacy, causing significant strife among the populace. However, the competition provides endless opportunities for mercenaries called Ravens, who exist independently of the corporations. The player is a Raven and pilots an Armored Core, powerful mecha robots that fight
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational%20Intelligence%20%28journal%29
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Computational Intelligence is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on artificial intelligence. It was established in 1985 and is published by Wiley-Blackwell. Since 2009, the editors-in-chief have been Ali Ghorbani and Evangelos Milios.
External links
Artificial intelligence publications
Computer science journals
Wiley-Blackwell academic journals
Academic journals established in 1985
English-language journals
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Springfield%20Connection
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"The Springfield Connection" is the twenty-third episode of the sixth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on May 7, 1995. In the episode, Marge deals with corruption and crime when she joins the Springfield police force.
The episode was written by Jonathan Collier, with input from David Mirkin, and directed by Mark Kirkland. The episode's story was inspired by executive producer Mike Reiss' wife, who had debated becoming a police officer. "The Springfield Connection" drew on influences from the 1980s police drama Hill Street Blues and the 1971 film The French Connection, and includes references to McGruff the Crime Dog and the theme music to Star Wars.
Reviews in The Sydney Morning Herald and DVD Movie Guide were favorable, and the authors of the book I Can't Believe It's a Bigger and Better Updated Unofficial Simpsons Guide cited Marge's police training as the highlight of the episode.
Contributors to compilation works analyzing The Simpsons from philosophical and cultural perspectives have cited and discussed the episode. Marge's experiences in the episode are compared to the character Rita from the stage comedy Educating Rita by Willy Russell in a literary analysis of the play.
Plot
On their way home from an orchestra performance, Homer and Marge pass through a seedy part of town. Snake entices Homer to play his Three-card Monte game and cheats him of $20. When Marge exposes the con, Snake flees. Marge chases after him and knocks him unconscious with a garbage can lid, giving her a sense of exhilaration. Finding her everyday routine dull and boring, she joins the Springfield police force.
At first, Marge enjoys being a police officer, but is soon discouraged by the laziness of her fellow officers and rampant law-breaking behavior of Springfield's citizens, including Homer, who illegally parks across three handicapped spaces. Marge tries to ticket him, then arrests him after he takes her police hat and taunts her.
Upon his release from jail, Homer hosts an illegal poker game and stumbles across Herman running a jean-counterfeiting operation in the Simpsons' garage. Marge arrives and arrests Herman and his henchmen as they are about to assault Homer. While Marge is handcuffing his minions, Herman takes Homer hostage and flees to Bart's tree house. Herman tries to escape using a pair of counterfeit jeans as a rope, but he falls to the ground when they rip. Marge knows Herman's attempted escape is doomed because of the jeans' shoddy stitching, which she recognizes from years of buying jeans for her husband and children.
After Wiggum and the other officers confiscate the counterfeit jeans for their personal use, the chief informs Marge that they cannot detain Herman because the evidence has mysteriously disappeared. Upset at the corruption on the force, Marge resigns.
Production
"The Springfield Connection" was written by Jonathan Collier and directed by
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft%20Plus%21
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Microsoft Plus! is a discontinued commercial operating system enhancement product by Microsoft. The last edition is the Plus! SuperPack, which includes an assortment of screensavers, themes, and games, as well as multimedia applications. The Microsoft Plus! product was first announced on January 31, 1994, under the internal codename "Frosting". The first edition was
an enhancement for Windows 95, Windows 95 Plus!
The enhancements that make up Microsoft Plus! were generally developed by Microsoft itself. The Plus! packs also included games and content from third-party companies; for example, in Plus! for Windows XP, the HyperBowl game developed by HyperEntertainment Inc. was included. Plus! features that enhance the base operating system or provide utility are generally included free of charge in the next release of Windows.
Microsoft Plus! was discontinued and replaced by Windows Ultimate Extras in Windows Vista.
Versions
Microsoft Plus! for Windows 95
This was the first version of Plus! and had an initial cost of US$49.99. It included Space Cadet Pinball, the Internet Jumpstart Kit (which was the introduction of Internet Explorer 1.0), DriveSpace 3 and Compression Agent disk compression utilities, the initial release of theme support along with a set of 12 themes, dial-up networking server, dial-up scripting tool, and the graphical improvements such as anti-aliased screen fonts, full-window drag, the ability to stretch or shrink the wallpaper to fit the screen and highcolor icons.
Task Scheduler as it is present in later Windows versions was included as System Agent. A utility to notify the user of low disk space (DiskAlm.exe) also ran as part of System Agent. Plus! for Windows 95 was initially marketed for adding features for "high-performance computers", the minimum system requirements were an 80386 CPU with 8 megabytes of RAM. Later releases of Windows 95 (OSR2 and onwards) included DriveSpace 3 and Internet Explorer 3.0. Windows 98 included all of the enhancements included in Plus! for Windows 95. Space Cadet Pinball was not installed by default, but included on the Windows 98 CD. Although Windows NT 4.0 is not intended to support desktop themes, each desktop theme from this pack (except the More Windows theme and the Windows 95 256-color theme) along with the Space theme from the Microsoft Plus! for Kids pack (albeit with a different startup sound) and three additional exclusive desktop themes is installable on this operating system via the Windows NT 4.0 Resource Kit.
The screen-saver and wallpaper files include images from the Codex Leicester, which Microsoft co-founder, then CEO Bill Gates bought in 1994.
Microsoft Plus! for Kids
This version was released in 1997 and aimed at children of ages 3 to 12. It includes three new applications: Talk It!, a text-to-speech program that says what users type using various voices; Play It!, an electronic keyboard with music and sound effects; and Paint It!, a version of Paint oriented fo
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data%20conversion
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Data conversion is the conversion of computer data from one format to another. Throughout a computer environment, data is encoded in a variety of ways. For example, computer hardware is built on the basis of certain standards, which requires that data contains, for example, parity bit checks. Similarly, the operating system is predicated on certain standards for data and file handling. Furthermore, each computer program handles data in a different manner. Whenever any one of these variables is changed, data must be converted in some way before it can be used by a different computer, operating system or program. Even different versions of these elements usually involve different data structures. For example, the changing of bits from one format to another, usually for the purpose of application interoperability or of the capability of using new features, is merely a data conversion. Data conversions may be as simple as the conversion of a text file from one character encoding system to another; or more complex, such as the conversion of office file formats, or the conversion of image formats and audio file formats.
There are many ways in which data is converted within the computer environment. This may be seamless, as in the case of upgrading to a newer version of a computer program. Alternatively, the conversion may require processing by the use of a special conversion program, or it may involve a complex process of going through intermediary stages, or involving complex "exporting" and "importing" procedures, which may include converting to and from a tab-delimited or comma-separated text file. In some cases, a program may recognize several data file formats at the data input stage and then is also capable of storing the output data in several different formats. Such a program may be used to convert a file format. If the source format or target format is not recognized, then at times a third program may be available which permits the conversion to an intermediate format, which can then be reformatted using the first program. There are many possible scenarios.
Information basics
Before any data conversion is carried out, the user or application programmer should keep a few basics of computing and information theory in mind. These include:
Information can easily be discarded by the computer, but adding information takes effort.
The computer can add information only in a rule-based fashion.
Upsampling the data or converting to a more feature-rich format does not add information; it merely makes room for that addition, which usually a human must do.
Data stored in an electronic format can be quickly modified and analyzed.
For example, a true color image can easily be converted to grayscale, while the opposite conversion is a painstaking process. Converting a Unix text file to a Microsoft (DOS/Windows) text file involves adding characters, but this does not increase the entropy since it is rule-based; whereas the addition of color informatio
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fril
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Fril is a programming language for first-order predicate calculus. It includes the semantics of Prolog as a subset, but takes its syntax from the of Logic Programming Associates and adds support for fuzzy sets, support logic, and metaprogramming.
Fril was originally developed by Trevor Martin and Jim Baldwin at the University of Bristol around 1980. In 1986, it was picked up and further developed by Equipu A.I. Research, which later became Fril Systems Ltd. The name Fril was originally an acronym for Fuzzy Relational Inference Language.
Prolog and Fril comparison
Aside from the uncertainty-management features of Fril, there are some minor differences in Fril's implementation of standard Prolog features.
Types
The basic types in Fril are similar to those in Prolog, with one important exception: Prolog's compound data type is the term, with lists defined as nested terms using the . functor; in Fril, the compound type is the list itself, which forms the basis for most constructs. Variables are distinguished by identifiers containing only uppercase letters and underscores (whereas Prolog only requires the first character to be uppercase). As in Prolog, the name _ is reserved to mean "any value", with multiple occurrences of _ replaced by distinct variables.
Syntax
Prolog has a syntax with a typical amount of punctuation, whereas Fril has an extremely simple syntax similar to that of Lisp. A (propositional) clause is a list consisting of a predicate followed by its arguments (if any). Among the types of top-level constructs are rules and direct-mode commands.
Rule
A rule is a list consisting of a conclusion followed by the hypotheses (goals). The general forms look like this:
(fact)
(conclusion goal_1 ... goal_n)
These are equivalent to the respective Prolog constructions:
fact.
conclusion :- goal_1, ..., goal_n.
For example, consider the member predicate in Prolog:
member(E, [E|_]).
member(E, [_|T]) :- member(E, T).
In Fril, this becomes:
((member E (E|_)))
((member E (_|T)) (member E T))
Relation
Some data can be represented in the form of relations. A relation is equivalent to a set of facts with the same predicate name and of constant arity, except that none of the facts can be removed (other than by killing the relation); such a representation consumes less memory internally. A relation is written literally as a list consisting of the predicate name followed by one or more tuples of the relation (all of the arguments of the equivalent fact without the predicate name). A predicate can also be declared a relation by calling the def_rel predicate; this only works if the proposed name does not already exist in the knowledge base. Once a predicate is a relation, anything that would ordinarily add a rule (and does not violate the restrictions of relations) automatically adds a tuple to the relation instead.
Here is an example. The following set of facts:
((my-less-than 2 3))
((my-less-than 8 23))
((my-less-than 42 69))
can be rewri
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount%20Vernon%20Camp
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{
"type": "ExternalData",
"service": "geoshape",
"ids": "Q14874265",
"title": "Mount Vernon Camp"
}
Mount Vernon Camp, also known as the Gurkha Cantonment, is an establishment of the Singapore Police Force built to house the training and residential facilities of the Gurkha Contingent's Gurkhas and their families.
Located at Mount Vernon near the now closed Bidadari Cemetery, it has undergone expansion on the hilly terrain, particularly with the introduction of modern, high quality high-rise housing blocks for the over 2,000 officers and their families-in-tow.
The road leading into the camp is named Kathmandu Road for the capital city of Nepal. Built as a self-contained complex due to security concerns to minimise movements into and out of the complex, it has its own shops, a school and playgrounds for the younger children, and a swimming pool which the families can access on weekends, which contingent commander Bruce M. Niven equates to being a township all on its own. There are no schools in the camp.
Dwellers in the complex are not prohibited from leaving the camp or utilising services and facilities outside it. Throngs of school-going Nepalese children regularly leave and enter the camp everyday, wearing the uniforms of national schools. The camp's close proximity to Bartley Secondary School has seen a significant number of Nepalese children being enrolled there, although they can also be found in schools much further away as the children become gradually assimilated into Singapore society and culture. First Toa Payoh Primary School is one of the few primary schools the Gurkha's children are enrolled in.
The surrounding commercial outlets thrive on business from the Nepalese community based in Mount Vernon Camp, and it is a common sight to see officers doing their daily recreational runs around the major roads close to the camp.
Phase 2B of the complex expansion commenced in 2001, costing a total of S$42.2 million and adding 93,568m2 of largely residential space. Designed by PWD Consultants and built by the China Construction (South Pacific) Development Co., it was completed by 2003. The complex has continued to undergo physical upgrades, with the government setting aside another S$47.8 million for expansion works carried out from 2004 to 2006, as well as another complex expansion from 2015 to 2020. This was followed by phases 1 and 2 of an elevator modernisation scheme for selected apartment buildings in March 2023 due to the deteriorating conditions of the elevators. Phase 3, the final phase of the scheme, is due to commence on 4 November 2023.
References
External links
Hindu Warriors Guard Singapore From Terror
Gurkha Contingent
Singapore Police Force
Aljunied
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VDA-FS
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VDA-FS is a CAD data exchange format for the transfer of surface models from one CAD system to another.
Its name is an abbreviation of "", which translates to the "automotive industry association - surface data interface".
Standard was specified by the German organization VDA
VDA-FS has been superseded by STEP, ISO 10303.
See also
VDA 6.1
CAD file formats
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Client%20access%20license
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A client access license (CAL) is a commercial software license that allows client computers to use server software services. Most commercial desktop apps are licensed so that payment is required for each installation, but some server products can be licensed so that payment is required for each device or user that accesses the service provided by the software. For example, an instance of Windows Server 2016 for which ten User CALs are purchased allows 10 distinct users to access the server.
Licensing
Commercial apps are licensed to end users or businesses: in a legally binding agreement between the proprietor of the software (the "licensor") and the end user or business (the "licensee"), the licensor gives permission to the licensee to use the app under certain limitations, which are set forth in the license agreement. In the case of Microsoft, the consumer retail or "off-the-shelf" products generally use very similar licence agreements, allowing the licensee to use the software on one computer, subject to the usual terms and conditions. For businesses, Microsoft offers several types of licensing schemes for a range of their products, which are designed to be cost effective, flexible, or both.
Commercial server software, such as Windows Server 2003 and SQL Server 2005 require licenses that are more expensive than those which are purchased for desktop software like Windows Vista. All clients that connect to these server products must have a license to connect in order to use their services. These special purpose licenses come in the form of a CAL.
Enforcement
A CAL legally permits client computers to connect to commercial server software. They usually come in the form of a certificate of authenticity (CoA) and a license key, which is sometimes attached to the certificate itself. The various editions of most of Microsoft's server software usually include a small number of CALs, and this allows the software to be used by either a few users or a few computers, depending on the CAL licensing mode. If more clients need to access the server, then additional CALs must be purchased.
Microsoft Server products require a CAL for each unique client regardless of how many will be connecting at any single point in time. Some of Microsoft's server software programs do not require CALs at all, as is the case of Windows Server Web Edition. Microsoft SQL Server can be licensed for CALs, or alternatively by CPU cores.
Types
CALs apply to either a "device" (as defined in the license agreement) or a "user". A business is free to choose either mode.
With user CALs, each CAL allows one user to connect to the server software whenever they need to. Once the CAL has been allocated to that user, it cannot be used by another user. Any number of CALs can be purchased to allow five, five hundred, or any number of users to connect to the server. With user CALs, each user can connect to the server software from any number of devices. The devices are not counted, but only
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FSR
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FSR may refer to:
Broadcasting
Fox Sports Radio, an American radio network
Fox Sports Racing, a U.S. motorsports TV channel
Yle FSR, a Finnish radio network
Entertainment
Flower, Sun, and Rain, a video game from Grasshopper Manufacture
Folk Soul Revival, an American country music band
Forces of Satan Records, a defunct Norwegian record label
Fresh Sound, a Spanish record label
Fresh Sounds Records, an defunct American record label
Full Surface Records, an American record label
Politics
Financial Services Roundtable, an American lobby group
Former Soviet republics
Friends of Soviet Russia, an American friendship organization
Science and technology
Fractional synthetic rate
Finite-state recognizer
Fisheye State Routing
Flood Studies Report, a hydrological text
Force-sensing resistor
Free spectral range
FidelityFX Super Resolution, part of AMD's FidelityFX toolset
Scouting
Federation of Scouts of Russia
Forestburg Scout Reservation, a Boy Scout Camp in New York, United States
Other uses
First ScotRail, a defunct Scottish rail company
First Strike Ration of the United States Army
Five-second rule (basketball)
Fleet Street Reports: Cases on Intellectual Property Law
Floor space ratio
Forest Service Road
Fort Smith Railroad, an American rail company
Full-service restaurant
See also
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conway%20Berners-Lee
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Conway Maurice Berners-Lee (19 September 1921 – 1 February 2019) was an English mathematician and computer scientist who worked as a member of the team that developed the Ferranti Mark 1, the world's first commercial stored program electronic computer. He was born in Birmingham in 1921 and was the father of Sir Tim Berners-Lee, the inventor of the World Wide Web, and Professor Mike Berners-Lee, researcher into climate change.
Early and personal life
Berners-Lee was son of Major Cecil Burford Berners-Lee (1884–1931), of the Royal Field Artillery, and Helen Lane Campbell Gray (1895–1968). His mother was from Winnipeg, Manitoba, daughter of John Sidney Gray, M.D.
Berners-Lee died in February 2019 at the age of 97.
Career
Early in World War II whilst an undergraduate at Trinity College, Cambridge reading mathematics, Berners-Lee volunteered for the armed services, but was instructed to stay on to take parts I and II of the mathematical tripos as a compressed two-year course, because the government needed people trained in mathematics and electronics. In addition, he attended a series of lectures in electronics. After university, he had further training in electronic engineering and soon joined the army in the Corps of Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers (REME). He worked on Gun Laying and Searchlight Radar in England.
After the end of hostilities, Berners-Lee was posted to Egypt where he encountered Maurice Kendall's book The Advanced Theory of Statistics, which greatly impressed him. He then had a chance to join the statistics bureau in the GHQ in Cairo, known as the Number 1 Statistics Unit of the Royal Army Ordnance Corps. He was employed to close down a very large punched card installation involving about five million 65-column punched cards covering all types of vehicle and spares. This meant that they had to say goodbye to 30 women who had been punching the cards. The last job was sorting and listing the 250,000 personnel cards to get all the service people onto ships for home. There was a race with the clerks doing this job by hand—and the clerks won over the machines.
Berners-Lee was demobilised in 1947 with the rank of Major. He then worked on a punched card data processing system for the Plastics Division of Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI). He met his wife Mary Lee Woods at the Ferranti Christmas party in Manchester in 1952. She had been working as a programmer on the Ferranti Mark 1 and Mark 1 Star computers at the Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester since 1951. He joined Ferranti in 1953 working at Ferranti's London Computer Centre. They were married on 10 July 1954 at St Saviour's Church, Hampstead.
The following is an extract from Dominic Wilson's book Organizational Marketing.
In the 1950s it was not clear how computers could usefully be employed away from the field of mathematics. As well as statistics, Berners-Lee had acquired a knowledge of operations research (OR), and he showed himself to be go
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20Lee%20Woods
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Mary Lee Berners-Lee (née Woods; 12 March 1924 – 29 November 2017) was an English mathematician and computer scientist who worked in a team that developed programs in the Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester Mark 1, Ferranti Mark 1 and Mark 1 Star computers. She was the mother of Sir Tim Berners-Lee, the inventor of the World Wide Web, and Mike Berners-Lee, an English researcher and writer on greenhouse gases.
Early life and education
Woods was born on 12 March 1924, in Hall Green, Birmingham to Ida (née Burrows) and Bertie Woods. Both her parents were teachers. She had a brother who served in the Royal Air Force during World War II and was killed in action. She attended Yardley Grammar School in Yardley, Birmingham, where she developed an aptitude for mathematics. From 1942 to 1944, she took a wartime compressed two-year degree course in mathematics at the University of Birmingham. She then worked for the Telecommunications Research Establishment at Malvern until 1946 when she returned to take the third year of her degree. After completing her degree she was offered a fellowship by Richard van der Riet Woolley to work at Mount Stromlo Observatory in Canberra, Australia, from 1947 to 1951 when she joined Ferranti in Manchester as a computer programmer.
Ferranti computer programming group
On joining the UK and electrical engineering and equipment firm, Ferranti, she started working in a group led by John Makepeace Bennett.
She worked on both the Ferranti Mark 1 and the Ferranti Mark 1 Star computers. The programs for these computers were written in machine code, and there was plenty of room for error because every bit had to be right. The machines used serial 40-bit arithmetic (with a double length accumulator), which meant that there were considerable difficulties in scaling the variables in the program to maintain adequate arithmetic precision.
The Ferranti programming team members found it useful to commit the following sequence of characters to memory, which represented the numbers 0–31 in the International Telegraph Alphabet No. 1, which was a 5-bit binary code of the paper tape that was used for input and output:
Another difficulty of programming the Ferranti Mark 1 computers was the two-level storage of the computers. There were eight pages of Williams cathode ray tube (CRT) random access memory as the fast primary store, and 512 pages of the secondary store on a magnetic drum. Each page consisted of thirty-two 40-bit words, which appeared as sixty-four 20-bit lines on the CRTs. The programmer had to control all transfers between electronic and magnetic storage, and the transfers were slow and had to be reduced to a minimum. For programs dealing with large chunks of data, such as matrices, partitioning the data into page-sized chunks could be troublesome.
The Ferranti Mark 1 computer worked in integer arithmetic, and the engineers built the computer to display the lines of data on the CRTs with the most significan
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RRD
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RRD may refer to
Rejimen Renjer DiRaja, the Malaysian Army Royal Ranger Regiment
Reti Radiotelevisive Digitali
Rolls-Royce Deutschland
Round-Robin Database
RR Donnelley, a printing and communications company based in Chicago, Illinois
See also
RRDtool, Unix / free software "round-robin database"
RRD Editor, GUI based / free software RRDtool data editor
SEPTA Regional Rail Division
ru:RRD
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ana%20%28programming%20language%29
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In contexts of solar physics and data analysis, Ana is a computer language that is designed for array processing and image data analysis. The name is an acronym for "A Non Acronym". Ana began as a fork of an early version of IDL, but has diverged significantly since then. It is particularly notable for being the only known fork of IDL from its early days as a quasi-open-source software package.
Ana was used as early as 1989 to track solar granulation using the SOUP instrument on Spacelab, and by the late 1990s it was in common use at the Lockheed-Martin Space Applications Laboratory and at other institutions that analyzed data from the TRACE spacecraft; it was never commonly used outside the community of active solar physics researchers, but represents a significant step forward in data analysis tools in that era. Ana was ultimately used to implement several important data visualization tools that advanced the state of the art, in the late 1990s -- notably a multispectral image viewer that was used for several space missions including Yohkoh, SOHO, TRACE, and Hinode. Ana appears to have been intended as free software though it is not distributed under a recognized FOSS license. It remains available as source code, primarily through the Solarsoft distribution system, but its role as an open source, reproducible data analysis language has been subsumed by more recent tools such as PDL and Numpy/Astropy.
External Links
Ana Homepage
References
Lockheed Martin
Numerical programming languages
Array programming languages
Earth sciences graphics software
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bootle%20New%20Strand%20railway%20station
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Bootle New Strand railway station is a railway station in the centre of Bootle, Merseyside, England. It is on the Northern Line of the Merseyrail network and serves in particular the nearby New Strand Shopping Centre. The platforms are elevated and are reached by ramps from the entrance at street level. Connecting bus services leave from the nearby bus station in the basement of New Strand Shopping Centre.
History
Bootle New Strand opened in 1850 as an intermediate station when the Liverpool, Crosby and Southport Railway was extended from its previous terminal at Waterloo to Liverpool Exchange. Originally it was named Marsh Lane & Strand Road, until 1968 when the nearby New Strand Shopping Centre was built. The LC&SR became part of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway (LYR), on 14 June 1855. The Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway amalgamated with the London and North Western Railway on 1 January 1922 and in turn was Grouped into the London, Midland and Scottish Railway in 1923. Nationalisation followed in 1948 and in 1978 the station became part of the Merseyrail network's Northern Line (operated by British Rail until privatisation in 1995).
Facilities
The station has a ticket office and is staffed, during all opening hours, and has platform CCTV. There is step-free access to both platforms provided by 30 metre long ramps. There are cycle racks for 10 cycles and secure cycle storage for 32 cycles. There is a newsagents in the main building and a public telephone on platform 1. Service running information is available via CIS screens, automated announcements, customer help points and timetable poster boards.
Services
Trains operate every 15 minutes throughout the day from Monday to Saturday, to Southport to the north, and to Hunts Cross via Liverpool Central to the south. Sunday services are every 30 minutes in each direction.
Gallery
References
External links
Railway stations in the Metropolitan Borough of Sefton
DfT Category E stations
Former Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway stations
Railway stations served by Merseyrail
Bootle
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1850
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20P.%20Gabriel
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Richard P. Gabriel (born 1949) is an American computer scientist known for his work in computing related to the programming language Lisp, and especially Common Lisp. His best known work was a 1990 essay "Lisp: Good News, Bad News, How to Win Big", which introduced the phrase Worse is Better, and his set of benchmarks for Lisp, termed Gabriel Benchmarks, published in 1985 as Performance and evaluation of Lisp systems. These became a standard way to benchmark Lisp implementations.
Biography
He was born in 1949, in the town of Merrimac in northeastern Massachusetts to two dairy farmers. He studied at Northeastern University, Boston, where he earned a B.A. in mathematics (1967–1972). , he resides in Redwood City, California with his wife, Jo. He has a son named Joseph, and a daughter named Mariko, a Doctor of Physical Therapy in Los Altos, California.
Studying
Subsequently, he pursued graduate studies in mathematics at MIT, from 1972 to 1973; he was tapped by Patrick Winston to become a permanent member of the artificial intelligence (AI) Lab at MIT, but funding difficulties made it impossible to retain him. Gabriel tried to start up, with Dave Waltz, an AI Lab at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, but after two years the lab fell through due to general apathy. During this time, from 1973 to 1975, Gabriel managed to earn an MS in mathematics.
Because of some of his mathematical work, Gabriel was then admitted to Stanford University; during that time (1975–1981), he served as a teaching assistant to John McCarthy, the founder of Lisp; he ported Maclisp from its native operating system, the Incompatible Timesharing System (ITS) to WAITS. He earned a PhD in computer science (on the topic of natural language generation); and he and his wife Kathy had a son. Around this time, he became a spokesperson for the League for Programming Freedom.
Postdoctoral work
After earning a PhD, he continued to work on AI projects for McCarthy, although his thesis advisor was Terry Winograd. He eventually began working for Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, where he recruited several of the researchers and programmers for a company, Lucid, Incorporated, he founded in 1984 and would leave in 1992. It survived until 1994.
Gabriel was at various times the President and Chairman of Lucid Inc. The product the company shipped was a Lisp integrated development environment (IDE) for Sun Microsystems’ reduced instruction set computer (RISC) hardware architecture named SPARC. This sidestepped the main failure of Lisp machines by, in essence, rewriting the Lisp machine IDE for use on a more cost-effective and less moribund architecture. During this time, Gabriel married his second wife, and had a daughter; he later divorced his second wife in 1993.
Eventually Lucid's focus shifted (during the AI Winter) to an IDE for C++. A core component of the IDE was Richard Stallman’s version of Emacs, GNU Emacs. GNU Emacs was not up to Lucid’s needs, however, and several
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web%20API
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A web API is an application programming interface (API) for either a web server or a web browser.
As a web development concept, it can be related to a web application's client side (including any web frameworks being used).
A server-side web API consists of one or more publicly exposed endpoints to a defined request–response message system, typically expressed in JSON or XML by means of an HTTP-based web server.
A server API (SAPI) is not considered a server-side web API, unless it is publicly accessible by a remote web application.
Client side
A client-side web API is a programmatic interface to extend functionality within a web browser or other HTTP client. Originally these were most commonly in the form of native plug-in browser extensions however most newer ones target standardized JavaScript bindings.
The Mozilla Foundation created their WebAPI specification which is designed to help replace native mobile applications with HTML5 applications.
Google created their Native Client architecture which is designed to help replace insecure native plug-ins with secure native sandboxed extensions and applications. They have also made this portable by employing a modified LLVM AOT compiler.
Server side
A server-side web API consists of one or more publicly exposed endpoints to a defined request–response message system, typically expressed in JSON or XML. The web API is exposed most commonly by means of an HTTP-based web server.
Mashups are web applications which combine the use of multiple server-side web APIs. Webhooks are server-side web APIs that take input as a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) that is designed to be used like a remote named pipe or a type of callback such that the server acts as a client to dereference the provided URI and trigger an event on another server which handles this event thus providing a type of peer-to-peer IPC.
Endpoints
Endpoints are important aspects of interacting with server-side web APIs, as they specify where resources lie that can be accessed by third party software. Usually the access is via a URI to which HTTP requests are posted, and from which the response is thus expected. Web APIs may be public or private, the latter of which requires an access token.
Endpoints need to be static, otherwise the correct functioning of software that interacts with them cannot be guaranteed. If the location of a resource changes (and with it the endpoint) then previously written software will break, as the required resource can no longer be found at the same place. As API providers still want to update their web APIs, many have introduced a versioning system in the URI that points to an endpoint.
Resources versus services
Web 2.0 Web APIs often use machine-based interactions such as REST and SOAP. RESTful web APIs use HTTP methods to access resources via URL-encoded parameters, and use JSON or XML to transmit data. By contrast, SOAP protocols are standardized by the W3C and mandate the use of XML as the payload f
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEC%20V25
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The NEC V25 (μPD70320) is the microcontroller version of the NEC V20 processor, manufactured by NEC Corporation. Features include:
NEC V20 core: 8-bit external data path, 20-bit address bus, machine code compatible with the Intel 8088
Timers
Internal interrupt controller
Dual-channel UART and baud rate generator for serial communications
It was officially phased out by NEC in early 2003.
References
Microcontrollers
V25
16-bit microprocessors
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network%20Voice%20Protocol
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The Network Voice Protocol (NVP) was a pioneering computer network protocol for transporting human speech over packetized communications networks. It was an early example of Voice over Internet Protocol technology.
History
NVP was first defined and implemented in 1974, with definition led by the “Speech” project at ISI, the USC Information Sciences Institute following initial work begun in 1973. ISI leadership was by Danny Cohen of the Information Sciences Institute (ISI), University of Southern California, with funding from ARPA's Network Secure Communications (NSC) program. The project's stated goals were "to develop and demonstrate the feasibility of secure, high-quality, low-bandwidth, real-time, full-duplex (two-way) digital voice communications over packet-switched computer communications networks...[and to] supply digitized speech which can be secured by existing encryption devices. The major goal of this research is to demonstrate a digital high-quality, low-bandwidth, secure voice handling capability as part of the general military requirement for worldwide secure voice communication."
NVP’s first demonstration was in August 1974 between the groups at ISI and MIT Lincoln Laboratory. That was history’s first “phone call” using a computer network. It was partly enabled by users of vocoders custom-built by BB&N, Bolt Beranek, and Newman. Work as a whole involved many other researchers nationally. Necessary subnet (IMP-to-IMP) changes for real-time packet forwarding were discussed at ISI in March 1974, chaired by Bob Kahn, DARPA’s program director for the speech project. At the end of the meeting, he summarized actions and directed BB&N to make the required subnet updates.
NVP was used to send speech between distributed sites on the ARPANET using several different voice-encoding techniques, including linear predictive coding (LPC) and continuously variable slope delta modulation (CVSD). Cooperating researchers included Steve Casner, Randy Cole, and Paul Raveling (ISI); Jim Forgie (Lincoln Laboratory); Mike McCammon (Culler-Harrison); John Markel (Speech Communications Research Laboratory); John Makhoul (Bolt, Beranek and Newman), and Rod McGuire and Philip Rubin (Haskins Laboratories).
NVP was used by experimental Voice Funnel equipment (circa February 1981), based on BBN Butterfly computers, as part of ongoing ARPA research into packetized audio. ARPA staff and contractors used the Voice Funnel, and related video facilities, to do three-way and four-way video conferencing among a handful of US East and West Coast sites.
Credit also is due to Dave Retz and his group at the UC Santa Barbara Speech Communication Laboratory. ISI used his operating system, ELF, for the early development of speech networking, including extension to speech conferencing.
Protocol
The protocol consisted of two distinct parts: control protocols and a data transport protocol. Control protocols included relatively rudimentary telephony features such as ind
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eva%20%28social%20network%29
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eva is a video social network that allows users to record and post short, spontaneous videos from their mobile phones.
Overview
eva is a mobile app and social networking service that was launched by Forbidden Technologies plc - creator of cloud-based video editing software FORscene - in summer 2015. Its co-founders include Stephen B. Streater (founder of Eidos Interactive), Aziz Musa (CEO of Forbidden Technologies plc) and Jens Wikholm (award-winning celebrity and portrait photographer). After holding the beta launch in London in July 2015 - and a subsequent regional launch in Melbourne - eva launched globally in Los Angeles on 1 October 2015. It is available on iOS and can be downloaded from the App Store.
Using eva
In order to make a video on eva, a user simply holds their thumb on the in-app record button and releases it when they are finished. The videos that users take are then automatically uploaded to their personal feed, the wider eva public feed, and grouped by interest topic so they directly become a part of the right communities. Instead of being saved to users' phones, these videos are saved in the cloud, utilising the powerful cloud-based video editing software developed by FORscene. eva has been described by SourceWire as "beautiful, simple and addictive".
Press Coverage
Working with service design consultancy we are experience (or wae), eva's initial structure was created and launched in an incredible 30-day sprint that made waves in the press.
In autumn 2015, eva - working with Chameleon PR - funded research into stereotypes surrounding bearded men, a piece of research that was picked up by over 100 global publications including the Huffington Post, the Independent, and Cosmopolitan (magazine).
References
IOS software
Social networking services
British social networking websites
2015 software
Video software
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20busiest%20airports%20by%20aircraft%20movements
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The thirty world's busiest airports by aircraft movements are measured by total movements (data provided by Airports Council International). A movement is a landing or takeoff of an aircraft and includes both air transport movements and general aviation.
2022 statistics
Airports Council International's preliminary full-year figures are as follows:
2021 statistics
Airports Council International's final full-year figures are as follows:
2020 statistics
Airports Council International's final full-year figures are as follows:
2017 statistics
Airports Council International's final full-year figures are as follows:
2016 statistics
Airports Council International's full-year figures are as follows:
2015 statistics
Airports Council International's full-year figures are as follows:
2014 statistics
Airports Council International's full-year figures are as follows:
2013 final statistics
Source:
2012 final statistics
Source:
2011 final statistics
Source:
2010 final statistics
Source:
2009 final statistics
Sources:
2008 final statistics
Source:
2007 final statistics
Source:
2006 final statistics
Source:
2005 final statistics
Source:
See also
List of busiest airports by international passenger traffic
List of busiest airports by passenger traffic
List of busiest airports by cargo traffic
References
External links
Google sheets list of airport runway counts and movement stats
Movements
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple%20USB%20Modem
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The Apple USB Modem is a combined 56 kbit/s data modem and 14.4 kbit/s fax external USB modem introduced by Apple Inc. after the internal 56k modem was dropped on the October 12, 2005 iMac G5 revision. While it looks similar, it should not be confused with Apple's optional USB Ethernet Adapter accessory, available for its MacBook Air and MacBook Pro Retina range of laptops since 2008.
History
Apple introduced its first true modems in 1984, the Apple Modem 300 & 1200 modems (ITU-T V.21 and V.22). Prior to that they offered a third party Apple-badged comparatively low-tech acoustic coupler. Those were followed by the industry standard 2400/data and combined 9600/fax (ITU-T V.29) AppleFax Modem in 1987. Apple introduced the internal 2400 data/fax modem card for its Macintosh Portable in 1989 as well as released its last external desktop Apple Data Modem 2400. Only standard internal modems were offered during the 1990s through 2005, with the notable exception of Apple's foray into GeoPort passive telephony modems which relied heavily upon the computer's software and processing power rather than dedicated hardware (like Apple's proprietary internal Express Modem). The Apple USB Modem is Apple's first true external modem since the Apple Data Modem 2400 was discontinued in 1992.
As of September 2009 it is no longer available in the US Apple Store, but it still works (at least for fax) as of Mac OS X version 10.6.2. No officially supported 64-bit driver exists, and as Mac OS X Lion operates by default in 64-bit mode, the USB modem will not function in Lion without workarounds.
Features
The Apple USB Modem supports V.92, Caller ID, wake-on-ring, telephone answering (V.253), and modem on hold. The modem is manufactured by Motorola. A device driver for the modem was introduced with Mac OS X version 10.4.3.
It retailed for US$49 at the time of its introduction.
Apart from using the Apple USB Modem for Internet dial-up and faxing, it is also being suggested as a low cost line interface (aka FXO interface) for telephony applications, such as for telephone systems (software PBX) and answering machine software.
The decision to drop the built-in dial-up modem is reminiscent of Apple's decision to drop built-in floppy drives. With the rise of broadband Internet and the general availability of wireless networking, it is likely that Apple felt that it was of more use for people to have broadband using an Ethernet cable or a wireless system instead of dial-up.
The highly miniaturized product, about the size of a cigarette lighter and with a 4.6-inch long USB cable, won a RED DOT design award for good design.
Windows support
The modem identifies itself as "Motorola SM56 USB Data Fax Modem" and a driver was provided via Boot Camp Assistant.
References
Apple Inc. peripherals
Modems
Computer-related introductions in 2005
Products and services discontinued in 2009
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple%20Wireless%20Keyboard
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The Apple Wireless Keyboard is a wireless keyboard built for Macintosh computers and compatible with iOS devices. It interacts over Bluetooth wireless technology and unlike its wired version, it has no USB connectors or ports. Both generations have low-power features when not in use.
It was discontinued on October 13, 2015, and was succeeded by the new Magic Keyboard.
History
First generation (A1016) M9270LL/A (4 batteries)
The first generation Apple Wireless Keyboard was released at the Apple Expo on September 16, 2003.
It was based on the updated wired Apple Keyboard (codenamed A1048), and featured white plastic keys housed in a clear plastic shell. Unlike the wired keyboard, there are no USB ports to connect external devices. The bottom of the keyboard features space for four AA batteries and has an on/off switch.
Second generation (A1255) MB167LL/A (3 batteries)
On August 7, 2007, Apple released a redesigned model of the Apple Wireless Keyboard. Like the wired Apple Keyboard, the new model is thinner than its predecessors and has an aluminum enclosure. Another addition was the new functions added to the function keys, such as media controls and Dashboard control. Unlike the previous version, the Wireless Keyboard now has a layout similar to the MacBook. The power button has been relocated to the right side of the keyboard, and the layout does not include a numeric keypad. This model added accidental caps lock prevention: the key has to be held down for a moment for the caps lock to engage. This keyboard required only three AA batteries, one fewer than its predecessor.
Third generation (A1314) MC184LL/A (2 batteries)
In October 2009, a slightly revised third model was released. New model number A1314 replaced the A1255, two years and two months after the initial release. The new model now uses only two AA batteries instead of three originally. Additionally, Mac OS X 10.5.8 is now the minimum OS over the original Mac OS X 10.4.10. This model of keyboard became standard with new generation of iMacs introduced on the same day.
Fourth generation (A1314) MC184LL/B (chargeable/2 batteries)
On July 20, 2011, following the release of Mac OS X 10.7/OS X Lion, Apple updated the keyboard slightly, updating the label on the Exposé key to Mission Control and changing the Dashboard key to a Launchpad key.
Languages and layouts
Keyboard layouts with a rectangular Enter key are available in American English and Korean.
Keyboard layouts with L-shaped Enter keys are available in:
Arabic
Belgian
Croatian
Czech
Danish
Dutch
English (International)
English (British)
French
German
Greek
Hebrew
Hungarian
Italian
Norwegian
Polish
Portuguese
Romanian
Russian
Slovak
Slovenian
Spanish
Swedish
Swiss
Turkish F/Q
Boot Camp keyboard mapping in Windows
Due to the missing keys for Windows PCs (such as the PrintScreen Key), Apple has made keyboard mappings.
Note. These keyboard mappings will work on a Mac operating under Window
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro-Cross
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is a platform game released in arcades by Namco in 1985. It was ported to the Amstrad CPC, Atari ST, Commodore 64, Family Computer, and ZX Spectrum.
Metro-Cross runs on Namco Pac-Land hardware, but with a video system modified to support a 2048-color palette like that used in Dragon Buster. It uses a Motorola M6809 microprocessor, with a Hitachi HD63701 sub-microprocessor (both running at 1.536 MHz) and Namco 8-channel waveform PSG for audio.
Gameplay
The player must take control of a man known only as Runner, who is given a time limit to run through each of the game's thirty-two rounds while avoiding obstacles and collecting drink cans. The actual running happens automatically: the job of the player is to avoid the obstacles and collect the cans by moving the Runner with the stick and adjusting his speed accordingly.
If the Runner finishes the round within the time limit, the remaining time will be awarded to him as bonus points and he will proceed to the next round. Every fourth round is special, using the remaining time from the three previous ones as additional time. However, if the Runner has not finished the round by the time the time limit runs out, he will be electrocuted and the game will immediately be over.
Obstacles along the way include Slip Zones which will slow the Runner down if he tries to cross over them, Pitfalls which will break under the Runner's weight and drop him into the holes beneath them, and Crackers which will launch the Runner up into the air and cause him to land on his back. Later rounds also feature Jumbo Tires that bounce towards the Runner, Walls that emerge from the ground before receding back into it, Cubes that move through particular columns of tiles, Mice that attempt to jump onto the Runner and slow him down, and Chess Knights and Kings that bounce from one tile to another.
The rounds also feature Springboards, which can be used to propel the Runner forward at a great speed. Some rounds have a special layout of Springboards, where it is possible to use one Springboard to land directly on the second one. Some other rounds also feature Skateboards which will speed the Runner up and make him immune to Slip Zones. There are also two different types of drink cans; kicking them will either gain the player bonus points (from 100 to 5000) or speed the Runner up, but jumping on them will stop the timer for a few seconds.
Reception
Game Machine listed Metro-Cross as being the ninth most popular arcade game of June 1985 in Japan.
Legacy
Metro-Cross was re-released as part of Namco Museum Volume 5 for PlayStation and Namco Museum Virtual Arcade for Xbox 360 (renamed Retro-Cross in the European and Australian versions of Virtual Arcade).
A high definition sequel called Aero-Cross was being developed for the Xbox Live Arcade and PlayStation Network as part of the Namco Generations line until it was cancelled along with the Namco Generations brand itself being discontinued; multiple players would have been able
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCP2
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CCP2 may stand for:
Compact Camera Port 2 – an electrical and data interface standard for cameras used in Mobile phones, defined by Standard Mobile Imaging Architecture (SMIA)
Other uses:
Exploits Valley (Botwood) Airport – An airport with a Transport Canada Location Identifier of "CCP2"
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KTFQ-TV
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KTFQ-TV (channel 41) is a television station in Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States, broadcasting the Spanish-language UniMás network to most of the state. It is owned by Entravision Communications, which provides certain services to Univision-owned station KLUZ-TV (channel 14) under a local marketing agreement (LMA) with TelevisaUnivision USA. Both stations share studios on Broadbent Parkway in northeastern Albuquerque, while KTFQ-TV's transmitter is located on Sandia Crest.
History
In 1997, Paxson Communications was awarded a construction permit for a new station on channel 14, which was previously used by KGSW-TV from 1981 to 1993; on April 8, 1999, it signed on as KAPX, airing programming from the family-oriented Pax TV (later i: Independent Television, now Ion Television) from 11 a.m. and 11 p.m., along with infomercials during the day and The Worship Network during the overnight hours. Pax would subsequently cut its programming hours from 4 to 11 p.m., and later 5 to 11 p.m., due to financial problems at Paxson. The company then chose to sell some of its stations, including KAPX; in 2003, Univision bought the station, and that June relaunched channel 14 as Telefutura (now UniMás) affiliate KTFQ. The network was previously seen in Albuquerque on KTFA-LP (channel 48), which switched to HSN. Programming from The Worship Network continued to air overnights on KTFQ for several years afterward.
On December 4, 2017, as part of a channel swap made by Entravision Communications, KTFQ and sister station KLUZ swapped channel numbers, with KTFQ moving from digital channel 22 and virtual channel 14 to digital channel 42 and virtual channel 41.
Technical information
Subchannels
The station's digital signal is multiplexed:
Analog-to-digital conversion
Because it was granted an original construction permit after the FCC finalized the DTV allotment plan on April 21, 1997. The station did not receive a companion channel for a digital television station. Instead, on June 12, 2009, which is the end of the digital TV conversion period for full-service stations, KTFQ-TV was required to turn off its analog signal and turn on its digital signal (called a "flash-cut"). KTFQ has been assigned channel 22 for its digital broadcast. Through the use of PSIP, digital television receivers display the station's virtual channel as its former UHF analog channel 14.
References
Hispanic and Latino American culture in Albuquerque, New Mexico
Television channels and stations established in 1999
UniMás network affiliates
LATV affiliates
Charge! (TV network) affiliates
TheGrio affiliates
Mass media in Albuquerque, New Mexico
TFQ-TV
Entravision Communications stations
1999 establishments in New Mexico
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