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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute%20of%20Computational%20Mathematics%20and%20Mathematical%20Geophysics
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Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, ICMMG SB RAS () is a research institute in Novosibirsk, Russia. It was founded in 1964.
History
On January 1, 1964, the Computing Center was established in Novosibirsk, later it was transformed into the Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics. In 2004, the institute has created an Expert Database on Tsunami Observations in the Pacific Ocean containing information on 1500 tsunamigenic events that have occurred in the Pacific region between 47 BC and 2003.
Activities
Research in the field of mathematical modeling of oceanic and atmospheric physics, environmental protection, geophysics, telecommunication systems and software for supercomputers etc.
References
External links
Институт вычислительной математики и математической геофизики СО РАН. Портал СО РАН.
Official website.
Research institutes in Novosibirsk
1964 establishments in the Soviet Union
Research institutes established in 1964
Research institutes in the Soviet Union
Computer science institutes
Geophysics organizations
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Della%20Dumbaugh
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Della Jeanne Dumbaugh (also published as Della Dumbaugh Fenster) is an American mathematician and historian of mathematics, focusing on the history of algebra and number theory. She is a professor of mathematics at the University of Richmond, and the editor-in-chief of The American Mathematical Monthly.
Education and career
Dumbaugh is originally from Louisville, Kentucky. She joined the University of Richmond faculty after completing her Ph.D. in 1994 at the University of Virginia. Her dissertation, Leonard Eugene Dickson and His Work in the Theory of Algebra, concerned the work of Leonard Eugene Dickson (1874–1954), one of the first American mathematicians to work in abstract algebra. It was supervised by Karen Parshall.
Contributions
Dumbaugh was named editor-in-chief of The American Mathematical Monthly for a five-year term, beginning in January 2022.
With Joachim Schwermer, Dumbaugh is a coauthor of the book Emil Artin and Beyond – Class Field Theory and L-Functions (Heritage of European Mathematics, European Mathematical Society, 2015), concerning the work of Emil Artin and others on class field theory and L-functions. She is the co-editor of A Century of Advancing Mathematics celebrating the centennial of the Mathematical Association of America (Mathematical Association of America, 2015) and, with Deanna Haunsperger, of the book Count Me In: Community and Belonging in Mathematics on diversity in mathematics (American Mathematical Society and Mathematical Association of America, 2022).
Recognition
Dumbaugh was the 2019 winner of the John M. Smith Award for Distinguished College or University Teaching of the Mathematical Association of America.
References
External links
Home page
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
20th-century American mathematicians
21st-century American mathematicians
American women mathematicians
American historians
American women historians
American historians of mathematics
University of Virginia alumni
University of Richmond faculty
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filip%20Borowski
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Filip Borowski (born 6 October 2003) is a Polish professional footballer who plays as a right-back for Ekstraklasa club Warta Poznań, on loan from Lech Poznań.
Career statistics
Club
References
External links
2003 births
Living people
Footballers from Bydgoszcz
Polish men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Poland men's youth international footballers
Lech Poznań II players
Lech Poznań players
Zagłębie Sosnowiec players
Warta Poznań players
Ekstraklasa players
I liga players
II liga players
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Geometry%20of%20the%20Octonions
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The Geometry of the Octonions is a mathematics book on the octonions, a system of numbers generalizing the complex numbers and quaternions, presenting its material at a level suitable for undergraduate mathematics students. It was written by Tevian Dray and Corinne Manogue, and published in 2015 by World Scientific. The Basic Library List Committee of the Mathematical Association of America has suggested its inclusion in undergraduate mathematics libraries.
Topics
The book is subdivided into three parts, with the second part being the most significant. Its contents combine both a survey of past work in this area, and much of its authors' own researches.
The first part explains the Cayley–Dickson construction, which constructs the complex numbers from the real numbers, the quaternions from the complex numbers, and the octonions from the quaternions. Related algebras are also discussed, including the sedenions (a 16-dimensional real algebra formed in the same way by taking one more step past the octonions) and the split real unital composition algebras (also called Hurwitz algebras). A particular focus here is on interpreting the multiplication operation of these algebras in a geometric way. Reviewer Danail Brezov notes with disappointment that Clifford algebras, although very relevant to this material, are not covered.
The second part of the book uses the octonions and the other division algebras associated with it to provide concrete descriptions of the Lie groups of geometric symmetries. These include rotation groups, spin groups, symplectic groups, and the exceptional Lie groups, which the book interprets as octonionic variants of classical Lie groups.
The third part applies the octonions in geometric constructions including the Hopf fibration and its generalizations, the Cayley plane, and the E8 lattice. It also connects them to problems in physics involving the four-dimensional Dirac equation, the quantum mechanics of relativistic fermions, spinors, and the formulation of quantum mechanics using Jordan algebras. It also includes material on octonionic number theory, and concludes with a chapter on the Freudenthal magic square and related constructions.
Audience and reception
Although presented at an undergraduate level, The Geometry of the Octonions is not a textbook: its material is likely too specialized for an undergraduate course, and it lacks exercises or similar material that would be needed to use it as a textbook. Readers should be familiar with linear algebra, and some experience with Lie groups would also be helpful. The later chapters on applications in physics are heavier going, and require familiarity with quantum mechanics.
The book avoids a proof-heavy formal style of mathematical writing, so much so that reviewer Danail Brezov writes that at points it "seems to lack mathematical rigor".
Related reading
Multiple reviewers suggest that this work would make a good introduction to the octonions, as a stepping stone to the m
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan%20women%27s%20national%20football%20team%20results
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This page details the match results and statistics of the Afghanistan women's national football team.
Afghanistan women's national football team is the representative of the Afghanistan in international women's association football, It is governed by the Afghanistan Football Federation (AFF) and it competes as a member of the Asian Football Confederation (AFC).
The national team's first activity was in 2010 when they participated in the inaugural edition of the SAFF Women's Championship. The Afghans were drawn alongside Nepal, Pakistan and Maldives. They lost their first-ever match against Nepal (13–0) led to Afghanistan finishing last after losing the second match against Pakistan and drawing the Maldives in the last game. The team is currently unranked by FIFA after the team got inactive for more than 4 years. The team officially disbanded in August 2021 after the Taliban's takeover which caused the women's national football team players to flee to western countries in the hope to escape with their life. Some of the football players regrouped in Australia where the team came back to pitch unofficially.
Record per opponent
Key
The following table shows Afghanistan' all-time official international record per opponent:
Results
2010
2012
2013
2014
2016
2018
2021
2022
See also
Afghanistan national football team results
Melbourne Victory FC AWT
Women's football in Afghanistan
References
External links
Afghanistan results on The Roon Ba
Afghanistan results on Flashscore
Afghanistan results on soccerway
2010s in Afghanistan
2020s in Afghanistan
Women's national association football team results
Results
Women's results
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan%20women%27s%20national%20football%20team%20results%20%28unofficial%20matches%29
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This page details the match results and statistics of the Afghanistan women's national football team.
Key
Key to matches
Att.=Match attendance
(H)=Home ground
(A)=Away ground
(N)=Neutral ground
Key to record by opponent
Pld=Games played
W=Games won
D=Games drawn
L=Games lost
GF=Goals for
GA=Goals against
Results
As Afghanistan national team
As Melbourne Victory AWT
2022
2023
References
Results
Women's results
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean%20line%20segment%20length
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In geometry, the mean line segment length is the average length of a line segment connecting two points chosen uniformly at random in a given shape. In other words, it is the expected Euclidean distance between two random points, where each point in the shape is equally likely to be chosen.
Even for simple shapes such as a square or a triangle, solving for the exact value of their mean line segment lengths can be difficult because their closed-form expressions can get quite complicated. As an example, consider the following question:
What is the average distance between two randomly chosen points inside a square with side length 1?
While the question may seem simple, it has a fairly complicated answer; the exact value for this is .
Formal definition
The mean line segment length for an n-dimensional shape S may formally be defined as the expected Euclidean distance ||⋅|| between two random points x and y,
where λ is the n-dimensional Lebesgue measure.
For the two-dimensional case, this is defined using the distance formula for two points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2)
Approximation methods
Since computing the mean line segment length involves calculating multidimensional integrals, various methods for numerical integration can be used to approximate this value for any shape.
One such method is the Monte Carlo method. To approximate the mean line segment length of a given shape, two points are randomly chosen in its interior and the distance is measured. After several repetitions of these steps, the average of these distances will eventually converge to the true value.
These methods can only give an approximation; they cannot be used to determine its exact value.
Formulas
Line segment
For a line segment of length , the average distance between two points is .
Triangle
For a triangle with side lengths , , and , the average distance between two points in its interior is given by the formula
where is the semiperimeter, and denotes .
For an equilateral triangle with side length a, this is equal to
Square and rectangles
The average distance between two points inside a square with side length s is
More generally, the mean line segment length of a rectangle with side lengths l and w is
where is the length of the rectangle's diagonal.
If the two points are instead chosen to be on different sides of the square, the average distance is given by
Cube and hypercubes
The average distance between points inside an n-dimensional unit hypercube is denoted as , and is given as
The first two values, and , refer to the unit line segment and unit square respectively.
For the three-dimensional case, the mean line segment length of a unit cube is also known as Robbins constant, named after David P. Robbins. This constant has a closed form,
Its numerical value is approximately
Andersson et. al. (1976) showed that satisfies the bounds
Choosing points from two different faces of the unit cube also gives a result with
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven%20R.%20Cummings
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Steven R. Cummings is an American epidemiologist and Emeritus Professor of Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics at the University of California San Francisco.
He is one of the top highly cited researchers (h>100) according to webometrics.
References
Date of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American epidemiologists
University of California, San Francisco faculty
Year of birth missing (living people)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Hodge%20%28Scottish%20footballer%29
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Robert Hodge was a Scottish professional footballer who played in the Scottish League for Clyde as an outside left.
Personal life
Hodge's brother William also became a footballer.
Career statistics
References
Year of death missing
Scottish men's footballers
Scottish Football League players
Men's association football outside forwards
Year of birth missing
Place of birth missing
Clyde F.C. players
Kirkintilloch Rob Roy F.C. players
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margarete%20Gussow
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Margarete Gussow (born 1896) was a German astronomer.
Biography
Gussow studied mathematics, astronomy and physics in Berlin. In 1924, she was made an assistant at the observatory. In 1933, she joined the Nazi Party. In 1936, she published work on Epsilon Aurigae.
In 1938, she became a fulltime observer.
Under the Weimar Republic, only 1% of university chairs were held by women. On June 8, 1937, a law passed that stated only men could be appointed to these chairs, except in the social field. Nevertheless, on February 21, 1938, "on an individual and exceptional basis" following the lobbying of the Reichsfrauenführerin Gertrud Scholtz-Klink, the highest official of the female branch of the Nazi Party, Gussow was granted a chair of astronomy. Gussow was featured in an edition of the Nazi publication NS-Frauen-Warte.
Gussow's fate after 1945 is unknown.
References
Women astronomers
1896 births
Year of death missing
20th-century German astronomers
Nazi Party members
Scientists from Berlin
20th-century German women scientists
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Strain
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John Strain may refer to:
John Strain (bishop), Roman Catholic clergyman
John Strain (mathematician), professor of mathematics
John Paul Strain, American artist
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphism%20of%20finite%20type
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For a homomorphism A → B of commutative rings, B is called an A-algebra of finite type if B is a finitely generated as an A-algebra. It is much stronger for B to be a finite A-algebra, which means that B is finitely generated as an A-module. For example, for any commutative ring A and natural number n, the polynomial ring A[x1, ..., xn] is an A-algebra of finite type, but it is not a finite A-module unless A = 0 or n = 0. Another example of a finite-type morphism which is not finite is .
The analogous notion in terms of schemes is: a morphism f: X → Y of schemes is of finite type if Y has a covering by affine open subschemes Vi = Spec Ai such that f−1(Vi) has a finite covering by affine open subschemes Uij = Spec Bij with Bij an Ai-algebra of finite type. One also says that X is of finite type over Y.
For example, for any natural number n and field k, affine n-space and projective n-space over k are of finite type over k (that is, over Spec k), while they are not finite over k unless n = 0. More generally, any quasi-projective scheme over k is of finite type over k.
The Noether normalization lemma says, in geometric terms, that every affine scheme X of finite type over a field k has a finite surjective morphism to affine space An over k, where n is the dimension of X. Likewise, every projective scheme X over a field has a finite surjective morphism to projective space Pn, where n is the dimension of X.
See also
Finitely generated algebra
References
Algebraic geometry
Morphisms
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuridere
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Kuridere (, ) is a village in the municipality of Gradsko, North Macedonia.
Demographics
According to Vasil Kanchov's statistics ("Macedonia. Ethnography and Statistics") from 1900, Kuru Dere had 312 inhabitants, all Turks.
On his 1927 ethnic map of Leonhard Schulze-Jena, the village is written as Kurudere and as a fully Turkish village.
The settlement last had inhabitants in the 1981 census, where it was recorded as being populated by 1 Albanian.
According to the 2002 census, the village had 0 inhabitants.
References
Villages in Gradsko Municipality
Albanian communities in North Macedonia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20C.%20Meyer
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Mary C. Meyer is an American statistician. She is known for both theoretical and computational research in nonparametric statistics and density estimation, especially for densities with shape constraints such as convexity or monotonicity. She is a professor of statistics at Colorado State University.
Education and career
Meyer obtained her Ph.D. in 1996 from the University of Michigan, under the supervision of Michael Woodroofe. Her dissertation was Shape-Restricted Inference with Applications to Nonparametric Regression, Smooth Nonparametric Function Estimation, and Density Estimation. She was a faculty member in statistics at the University of Georgia before moving to Colorado State University.
While a statistics professor at Colorado State University, Meyer declared that a study of salaries by CSU created salary goals for women faculty that were "substantially smaller than for men". This led CSU to start studying pay equity in 2015, which in turn led later that year to a quarter of female full professors receiving higher pay. She has also led faculty opposition to increases in athletic spending by the university.
Book
Meyer is the author of the textbook Probability and Mathematical Statistics: Theory, Applications, and Practice in R (Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 2019).
References
External links
Home page
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American statisticians
American women statisticians
University of Michigan alumni
University of Georgia faculty
Colorado State University faculty
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiara%20Sabatti
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Chiara Sabatti is an Italian and American statistician and statistical geneticist, and a professor of biomedical data science and of statistics at Stanford University. Her research involves the analysis of high-throughput genomics data.
Education and career
Sabatti was born in Brescia, Italy. She studied in Brescia and Milan and earned her bachelor's and master's degrees in statistics and economics from Bocconi University in 1993, summa cum laude, working there with Eugenio Regazzini. She came to Stanford University for doctoral study in statistics, and completed her Ph.D. in 1998. Her dissertation, Group Transformations and Dimensionality Reduction in Transition Rules for MCMC, was supervised by Jun S. Liu.
After postdoctoral research at Stanford in the group of Neil Risch, Sabatti became an assistant professor of human genetics and statistics at the University of California, Los Angeles in 2000. She returned to Stanford as an associate professor of health research and policy in 2009, changing to biomedical data science and statistics in 2015. She was promoted to full professor at Stanford in 2016.
Recognition
Sabatti was named to the 2022 class of Fellows of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics, for "excellent research in statistical genetics; and leadership in defining a role for statistics in data science and developing educational pathways supporting data intensive science. For outreach efforts and commitment to increase research involvement of underrepresented minorities".
Personal life
Sabatti is married to Stanford statistician and data scientist Emmanuel Candès.
References
External links
Home page
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American geneticists
American statisticians
American women statisticians
Italian geneticists
Italian statisticians
Italian women scientists
Statistical geneticists
Bocconi University alumni
Stanford University alumni
University of California, Los Angeles faculty
Stanford University faculty
Fellows of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics
People from Brescia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl%20Edwin%20Gustafson
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Karl Edwin Gustafson (born May 7, 1935) is an American mathematician. Gustafson spent most of his career at the University of Colorado, Boulder, in the Department of Mathematics. He is known for developing the Antieigenvalue theory in applied mathematics.
Education and career
Gustafson received two Bachelor of Science degrees from the University of Colorado in 1958 (Engineering Physics/Applied Mathematics and Business Finance) before a PhD in Mathematics in 1965 from the University of Maryland. He performed post-doctoral work in Switzerland and Italy as a recipient of an NSF-NATO grant, held an assistant professor position at the University of Minnesota, and then moved back to Colorado where he was Associate Professor and then Professor of Mathematics at the University of Colorado for over 50 years. He retired as Professor Emeritus in 2020.
Scholarship
Gustafson published articles and books in many areas of mathematics, both applied and pure, and in physics and the mathematics of finance. Early in his career he developed the Antieigenvalue theory in the area of applied mathematics. He returned to this topic in 2012 with a book exploring how the theory applies in the contexts of numerical analysis, wavelets, statistics, quantum mechanics, finance and optimization. Gustafson wrote an introductory guide to partial differential equations (Introduction to Partial Differential Equations and Hilbert Space Methods) that was published in three editions in the United States and in various versions in three foreign countries. Gustafson also published academic books in other areas of mathematics and in related subjects such as quantum mechanics and fluid dynamics. In 2022, he became the honoree of an endowed faculty chair at the University of Colorado. The funds for the chair came from an anonymous donor who was a former student of Gustafson's. The chair will be known as the Karl Gustafson Endowed Chair of Quantum Engineering and will be embedded in the Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering within the College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, at Gustafson's request. Gustafson proposed that the chair be part of the College of Engineering in hopes that the faculty who hold the chair might have a "fundamental breakthrough in some way other than just writing papers," according to Gustafson.
Other publications and pursuits
Gustafson also had many interests outside of academia. As a young rock climber in Colorado in the 1950s, Gustafson and colleagues were at the forefront of the sport of free climbing and completed several first ascents of local rock faces and mountain ridges in the area (North Face of The Matron, North Face of Schmoe's Nose and the Snowmass-Capitol Ridge). Gustafson published a memoir in 2012, entitled The Crossing of Heaven, which recounted, among other life experiences, more of his mountaineering adventures and his role in top-secret (at the time) military intelligence work during the Cold War, including writ
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English%20Corner%2C%20Nova%20Scotia
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English Corner is a designated place within the Halifax Regional Municipality in Nova Scotia, Canada.
Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, English Corner had a population of 1,058 living in 368 of its 371 total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of 1,151. With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
References
Communities in Halifax County, Nova Scotia
Designated places in Nova Scotia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coinduced
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Coinduced may refer to:
Coinduced topology
Coinduced module
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emma%20Raducanu%20career%20statistics
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This is a list of career statistics of British tennis player Emma Raducanu. To date, she has won one major title.
Performance timelines
Only main-draw results in WTA Tour, Grand Slam tournaments, Billie Jean King Cup and Olympic Games are included in win–loss records.
Singles
Current through the 2023 US Open.
WTA career finals
Singles: 1 (1 title)
WTA 125 tournament finals
Singles: 1 (1 runner-up)
ITF Circuit finals
Singles: 5 (3 titles, 2 runners-up)
Head-to-head records
Record against top 10 players
Raducanu's record against players who have been ranked in the top 10. Active players are in boldface.
Record against No. 11–20 players
Raducanu's record against players who have been ranked world No. 11–20. Active players are in boldface.
Magda Linette
Leylah Fernandez
Yanina Wickmayer
Alizé Cornet
Petra Martić
Liudmila Samsonova
Daria Saville
Double bagel matches (6–0, 6–0)
Career Grand Slam statistics
Best Grand Slam tournament results details
WTA Tour career earnings
Current through 24 April 2023
Open Era records
References
External links
Tennis career statistics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonietta%20Mira
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Antonietta Mira is an Italian computational statistician whose research involves the application of Markov chain Monte Carlo methods to Bayesian inference. She is a professor of statistics in the Faculty of Economics and Institute of Computational Science at the Università della Svizzera italiana in Lugano, Switzerland, and professor of statistics in the University of Insubria in Italy.
Education and career
Mira earned a degree in economics from the University of Pavia in 1991, and a doctorate in statistics from the University of Trento in 1995. She then went to the University of Minnesota for a second doctorate in statistics, completed in 1998. Her 1998 dissertation, Ordering, Slicing and Splitting Monte Carlo Markov Chains, was supervised by Luke Tierney.
She became a professor at the Università della Svizzera italiana in 2007, and added a second part-time affiliation as a professor at the University of Insubria in 2015. At the Università della Svizzera italiana, she was vice-dean from 2013 to 2015.
Mira has been active in the popularization of statistical thinking, directed a Swiss exhibit Number by numbers! in Bellinzona, and has been interviewed on Swiss media for her statistical expertise. She was appointed to the committee of the Swiss Statistical Society in 2020.
Books
Mira is a co-author with of the 2020 Italian-language book La pandemia dei dati. Ecco il vaccino [The data pandemic: here's the vaccine]. She is also interested in mathematical stage magic and co-authored a book in Italian on the magic tricks of Luca Pacioli, Mate-Magica, I giochi di prestigio di Luca Pacioli (with Vanni Bossi and Francesco Arlati, 2012).
Recognition
Mira's 1998 dissertation won the Leonard J. Savage Award of the International Society for Bayesian Analysis.
In 2016, Mira was elected as a Fellow of the International Society for Bayesian Analysis, and as a Fellow of the Istituto Lombardo Accademia di Scienze e Lettere. She was named to the 2022 class of Fellows of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics, for "excellence in computational aspects of Bayesian statistics, for service to professional societies, and for innovative contributions in statistics communication and outreach".
References
External links
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Italian statisticians
Italian women scientists
Women statisticians
University of Pavia alumni
University of Trento alumni
Academic staff of the University of Lugano
Fellows of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bra%E1%B8%B1ani
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Braḱani (, ) is an abandoned village located in the municipality of Makedonski Brod, North Macedonia.
Demographics
In statistics gathered by Vasil Kanchov in 1900, the village of Braḱani was inhabited by 50 Muslim Albanians. According to the 1929 ethnographic map by Russian Slavist Afanasy Selishchev, Braḱani was an Albanian village.
References
Villages in Makedonski Brod Municipality
Albanian communities in North Macedonia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shujie%20Ma
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Shujie Ma is a Chinese-American statistician specializing in nonparametric regression and semiparametric regression and their applications in machine learning. She is a professor of statistics at the University of California, Riverside.
Education and career
Ma earned a bachelor's degree in management from Xi'an Jiaotong University in 2004. She went to Michigan State University for graduate study in statistics, earning a master's degree there in 2006 and completing her Ph.D. in 2011. Her dissertation, Theory of Spline Regression with Applications to Time Series, Longitudinal, and Categorical Data, and Data with Jumps, was supervised by Lijian Yang.
She joined the Department of Statistics at the University of California, Riverside as an assistant professor in 2011, earned tenure there as an associate professor in 2017, and was promoted to full professor in 2021.
Recognition
Ma is an Elected Member of the International Statistical Institute, elected in 2012. She was named to the 2022 class of Fellows of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics, for "outstanding contributions to statistical methodology and theory; especially in non-parametric and semi-parametric machine learning methods for massive datasets, and for excellent services to the statistical editorial boards and to the profession". She was elected as a Fellow of the American Statistical Association in 2023.
References
External links
Home page
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American statisticians
American women statisticians
Chinese statisticians
Chinese women scientists
Xi'an Jiaotong University alumni
University of California, Riverside faculty
Elected Members of the International Statistical Institute
Fellows of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics
Fellows of the American Statistical Association
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics%20of%20the%20Incas
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The mathematics of the Incas (or of the Tawantinsuyu) was the set of numerical and geometric knowledge and instruments developed and used in the nation of the Incas before the arrival of the Spaniards. It can be mainly characterized by its usefulness in the economic field. The quipus and yupanas are proof of the importance of arithmetic in Inca state administration. This was embodied in a simple but effective arithmetic, for accounting purposes, based on the decimal numeral system; they too had a concept of zero, and mastered addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. The mathematics of the Incas had an eminently applicative character to tasks of management, statistics, and measurement that was far from the Euclidean outline of mathematics as a deductive corpus, since it was suitable and useful for the needs of a centralized administration.
On the other hand, the construction of roads, canals and monuments, as well as the layout of cities and fortresses, required the development of practical geometry, which was indispensable for the measurement of lengths and surfaces, in addition to architectural design. At the same time, they developed important measurement systems for length and volume, which took parts of the human body as reference. In addition, they used appropriate objects or actions that allowed to appreciate the result in another way, but relevant and effective.
Inca numeral system
The prevailing numeral system was the base-ten. One of the main references confirming this are the chronicles that present a hierarchy of organized authorities, using the decimal numeral system with its arithmometer: Quipu.
It is also possible to confirm the use of the decimal system in the Inca system by the interpretation of the quipus, which are organized in such a way that the knots — according to their location — can represent: units, tens, hundreds, etc.
However, the main confirmation of the use of this system is expressed in the denomination of the numbers in Quechua, in which the numbers are developed in decimal form. This can be appreciated in the following table:
Accounting systems
Quipus
The quipus constituted a mnemonic system based on knotted strings used to record all kinds of quantitative or qualitative information; if they were dealing with the results of mathematical operations, only those previously performed on the "Inca abacuss" or yupanas were cancelled. Although one of its functions is related to mathematics — as it was an instrument capable of accounting — it was also used to store information related to census, product amount, and food kept in state warehouses. Quipus are even mentioned as instruments the Incas used to record their traditions and history in a different way than in writing.
Several chroniclers also mention the use of quipus to store historical news. However, it has not yet been discovered how this system worked. In the Tahuantinsuyo, it was specialized personnel who handled the strings. They were kno
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bara%2C%20Ara%C4%8Dinovo
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Bara (, ) is a historic village in the municipality of Aračinovo, Republic of North Macedonia.
Demographics
In statistics gathered by Vasil Kanchov in 1900, the village of Bara was inhabited by 120 Muslim Albanians.
References
Villages in Aračinovo Municipality
Albanian communities in North Macedonia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marvin%20Zelkowitz
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Marvin Victor Zelkowitz (born 7 August 1945) is an American computer scientist and engineer.
Zelkowitz earned a degree in mathematics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1967 and a master's degree and doctorate in computer science at Cornell University in 1969 and 1971, respectively.
He then taught at the University of Maryland, College Park. While holding a professorship within the Department of Computer Science and
the University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies (UMIACS), he
was also affiliated with the Fraunhofer Center for Experimental Software Engineering, since renamed The Fraunhofer USA Center Mid-Atlantic (CMA). He is now Professor Emeritus, having retired in 2007.
His early research (1968-early 1980s) was in programming languages. He worked on implementation of programming language features to aid in program development and debugging as well as ways to implement tests for runtime correctness of executable code.
His later research dealt with software engineering practices by looking at developing methods for improving the process of software development.
The years 2003-2009 were devoted to applying these experimental testing results to the field of High-performance computing.
Zelkowitz served as editor of the series Advances in Computers for Academic Press (vols 41-56; 1995-2002) and later
Elsevier (vols. 57-74; 2003-2008)
Since 1994, Zelkowitz has been active in scientific skepticism as Board member and
at times Secretary, Treasurer, and President of the National Capital Area Skeptics.
NCAS was founded in 1987 in the Washington, D.C., Maryland and Virginia area and is
an advocate for science and reason, actively promoting the scientific method,
rational inquiry, and education.
Awards
Charter Member, IEEE Computer Society Golden Core (1996)
Fellow, IEEE Computer Society, for contributions towards the development of practical programming environment for effective software development (1997)
Distinguished Service Award, ACM SigSoft (2000)
Books
PL/I Programming with PLUM (1976)
Software Specifications: A comparison of formal methods (1979)
Programming Languages: Design and Implementation (Third Edition) (1996)
Foundations of Empirical Software Engineering: The Legacy of Victor R .Basili (2005)
The Golden Age of Computer Technology: Through the Eyes of an Aging Geek (2020)
Selected publications
Interrupt Driven Programming (1971)
Reversible Execution (1973)
Optimization of Structured Programs (1974)
Perspectives on software engineering (1978)
A case study in rapid prototyping (1980)
Implementation of language enhancements (1981)
Software engineering practices in the United States and Japan (1984)
A functional correctness model of program verification (1990)
The role for executable specifications in system maintenance (1991)
SEL's software process-improvement program (1995)
Software Engineering technology infusion within NASA (1996)
Experimental models for validating computer techn
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomasz%20Pie%C5%84ko
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Tomasz Pieńko (born 5 January 2004) is a Polish professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Zagłębie Lubin.
Career statistics
Club
Notes
References
External links
2004 births
Living people
Footballers from Wrocław
Men's association football midfielders
Polish men's footballers
Poland men's youth international footballers
Poland men's under-21 international footballers
Zagłębie Lubin players
III liga players
II liga players
Ekstraklasa players
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C5%82osz%20Matysik
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Miłosz Matysik (born 26 April 2004) is a Polish professional footballer who plays as either a centre-back or a defensive midfielder for Jagiellonia Białystok.
Career statistics
Club
References
External links
2004 births
Living people
Footballers from Białystok
Men's association football defenders
Men's association football midfielders
Polish men's footballers
Poland men's youth international footballers
Poland men's under-21 international footballers
Jagiellonia Białystok players
III liga players
Ekstraklasa players
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homoscedasticity%20and%20heteroscedasticity
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In statistics, a sequence (or a vector) of random variables is homoscedastic () if all its random variables have the same finite variance; this is also known as homogeneity of variance. The complementary notion is called heteroscedasticity, also known as heterogeneity of variance. The spellings homoskedasticity and heteroskedasticity are also frequently used.
Assuming a variable is homoscedastic when in reality it is heteroscedastic () results in unbiased but inefficient point estimates and in biased estimates of standard errors, and may result in overestimating the goodness of fit as measured by the Pearson coefficient.
The existence of heteroscedasticity is a major concern in regression analysis and the analysis of variance, as it invalidates statistical tests of significance that assume that the modelling errors all have the same variance. While the ordinary least squares estimator is still unbiased in the presence of heteroscedasticity, it is inefficient and inference based on the assumption of homoskedasticity is misleading. In that case, generalized least squares (GLS) was frequently used in the past. Nowadays, standard practice in econometrics is to include Heteroskedasticity-consistent standard errors instead of using GLS, as GLS can exhibit strong bias in small samples if the actual Skedastic function is unknown.
Because heteroscedasticity concerns expectations of the second moment of the errors, its presence is referred to as misspecification of the second order.
The econometrician Robert Engle was awarded the 2003 Nobel Memorial Prize for Economics for his studies on regression analysis in the presence of heteroscedasticity, which led to his formulation of the autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (ARCH) modeling technique.
Definition
Consider the linear regression equation where the dependent random variable equals the deterministic variable times coefficient plus a random disturbance term that has mean zero. The disturbances are homoscedastic if the variance of is a constant ; otherwise, they are heteroscedastic. In particular, the disturbances are heteroscedastic if the variance of depends on or on the value of . One way they might be heteroscedastic is if (an example of a scedastic function), so the variance is proportional to the value of .
More generally, if the variance-covariance matrix of disturbance across has a nonconstant diagonal, the disturbance is heteroscedastic. The matrices below are covariances when there are just three observations across time. The disturbance in matrix A is homoscedastic; this is the simple case where OLS is the best linear unbiased estimator. The disturbances in matrices B and C are heteroscedastic. In matrix B, the variance is time-varying, increasing steadily across time; in matrix C, the variance depends on the value of . The disturbance in matrix D is homoscedastic because the diagonal variances are constant, even though the off-diagonal covariances are non-zero
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathryn%20S.%20Dippo
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Cathryn S. Dippo is an American statistician. She became a fellow of the American Statistical Association in 1989.
Education
She obtained a Ph.D. in mathematical statistics from George Washington University.
Work
In the mid-1980s she began the National Science Foundation/American Statistical Association/BLS Senior Research Fellow Program. In the late 1980s she began the BLS Behavioral Science Research Center. She retired as associate commissioner of the Office of Survey Methods Research at the Bureau of Labor Statistics in the first decade of the 2000s. While at the Bureau of Labor Statistics she also chaired the Current Population Survey Redesign and the FedStats R&D Working Group.
She also worked as a referee for statistical journals.
Affiliations
From 1985 to 1986 she was a chairperson of the methodology section of the Washington Statistical Society (WSS); the WSS is a chapter of the American Statistical Association.
From 1986 to 1988 she was a representative-at-large of the WSS. In 1989 she became a Fellow of the American Statistical Association, which she also became a lifetime member of at some point. She served as president of the WSS from 1989 to 1990. She was a Curtis Jacobs Memorial Award Coordinator for the WSS, and on their Curtis Jacobs Memorial Committee, from 1991 to 1993. In 1991 she also received the WSS Presidents' Award as part of the ASA-150 Committee. From 1992 to 1993 she was on the WSS's Committee on ASA Fellows.
She also became a member of the Caucus for Women in Statistics.
References
External links
Writings by Cathryn S. Dippo at JSTOR
American statisticians
American women statisticians
Fellows of the American Statistical Association
George Washington University alumni
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangle%20of%20partition%20numbers
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In the number theory of integer partitions, the numbers denote both the number of partitions of into exactly parts (that is, sums of positive integers that add to ), and the number of partitions of into parts of maximum size exactly . These two types of partition are in bijection with each other, by a diagonal reflection of their Young diagrams. Their numbers can be arranged into a triangle, the triangle of partition numbers, in which the th row gives the partition numbers :
Recurrence relation
Analogously to Pascal's triangle, these numbers may be calculated using the recurrence relation
As base cases, , and any value on the right hand side of the recurrence that would be outside the triangle can be taken as zero. This equation can be explained by noting that each partition of into pieces, counted by , can be formed either by adding a piece of size one to a partition of into pieces, counted by , or by increasing by one each piece in a partition of into pieces, counted by .
Row sums and diagonals
In the triangle of partition numbers, the sum of the numbers in the th row is the partition number . These numbers form the sequence
omitting the initial value of the partition numbers.
Each diagonal from upper left to lower right is eventually constant, with the constant parts of these diagonals extending approximately from halfway across each row to its end. The values of these constants are the partition numbers 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, ... again.
References
Triangles of numbers
Integer partitions
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jian-Jian%20Ren
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Joan Jian-Jian Ren () is an American statistician whose research concerns survival analysis and longitudinal data analysis for biomedical applications. She is a professor of mathematics at the University of Maryland, College Park.
Education and career
Ren grew up in Beijing, and majored in mathematics at Peking University, graduating in 1982. After studying for a master's degree at the University of Montana, she completed a Ph.D. in 1990 at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Her dissertation, On Hadamard Differentiability and M-Estimation in Linear Models, was supervised by Pranab K. Sen.
After earning her Ph.D., Ren was on the faculty of the mathematics department at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln from 1990 to 1997. She held positions at Tulane University and the University of Central Florida before moving to the University of Maryland in 2011.
Recognition
Ren was named to the 2022 class of Fellows of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics, for "innovative and significant contributions to statistical methodology, especially in nonparametric likelihood inference, survival analysis and resampling methods, and for long-lasting and dedicated professional service".
Legal issues and controversies
UCF Lawsuit
The Jian-Jian Ren vs. University of Central Florida Lawsuit is a legal case involving a dispute between Dr. Jian-Jian Ren, a former faculty member, and the University of Central Florida (UCF). Dr. Ren initiated legal proceedings against UCF, asserting violations of Title VII, the Florida Civil Rights Act, and the Florida Educational Equity Act, specifically alleging gender discrimination and retaliation as grounds for her failure to receive a promotion.
The case was reviewed by the United States District Court, M.D. Florida, Orlando Division. The court ruled in favor of the defendant, University of Central Florida Board of Trustees, granting their motion for summary judgment. The court cited Ren's failure to establish a Prima Facie Case as the reason for denying all other pending motions.
Subsequently, Ren appealed the district court’s decision to the U.S. Court of Appeals. However, the Circuit Court upheld the district court's conclusion, finding no error in the application of summary judgment. This legal saga highlights the complexities and legal intricacies surrounding discrimination and retaliation claims within academic institutions.
References
External links
Home page
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American statisticians
American women statisticians
Peking University alumni
Chinese emigrants to the United States
University of Montana alumni
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill alumni
University of Nebraska–Lincoln faculty
Tulane University faculty
University of Central Florida faculty
University of Maryland, College Park faculty
Fellows of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prashant%20Choudhary
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Prashant Choudhary (born 05 October 1994), is an Indian professional footballer who plays as an Defender for I-League club Rajasthan United.
Career statistics
Club
References
Living people
Indian men's footballers
I-League 2nd Division players
I-League players
Footballers from Rajasthan
Men's association football defenders
1993 births
Rajasthan United FC players
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectral%20dimension
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The spectral dimension is a real-valued quantity that characterizes a spacetime geometry and topology. It characterizes a spread into space over time, e.g. a ink drop diffusing in a water glass or the evolution of a pandemic in a population. Its definition is as follow: if a phenomenon spreads as , with the time, then the spectral dimension is . The spectral dimension depends on the topology of the space, e.g., the distribution of neighbors in a population, and the diffusion rate.
In physics, the concept of spectral dimension is used, among other things, in
quantum gravity,
percolation theory,
superstring theory, or
quantum field theory.
Examples
The diffusion of ink in an isotropic homogeneous medium like still water evolves as , giving a spectral dimension of 3.
Ink in a 2D Sierpiński triangle diffuses following a more complicated path and thus more slowly, as , giving a spectral dimension of 1.3652.
See also
Dimension
Fractal dimension
Hausdorff dimension
References
Geometry
Diffusion
Quantum gravity
Power laws
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chen%20Chung-hsin
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Chen Chung-hsin (; born 15 April 1949) is a Taiwanese journalist, editor, and politician.
Chen studied mathematics at Tunghai University and began his career in journalism, serving as a writer for the Independence Daily Post for eight years, as well as editor of Formosa Magazine and Taiwan Social Research Quarterly. Chen adopted the pen name Hangzhi (). His association with the tangwai-affiliated Formosa Magazine forced him to go on the run in the aftermath of the Kaohsiung Incident.
Chen was twice elected to the Legislative Yuan via party list proportional representation as a member of the Democratic Progressive Party. As a legislator, Chen jointly proposed an amendment to the Criminal Prosecution Law in October 2000, alongside Chiu Tai-san and Lee Ching-hsiung, regarding the use of search warrants. In February 2002, Chen attended a press conference with You Ching and Chen Sheng-hung, in support of Lin Chin-hsing's opposition to a proposed increase for National Health Insurance premiums. During his legislative tenure, Chen was a member of the defense committee.
While serving as a legislator, Chen was appointed head of the Democratic Progressive Party's Chinese Affairs Department in July 2002. Compared to senior DPP leaders at the time, Chen's views on Cross-Strait relations were considered more favorable to China. The next month, Chen Chung-hsin reiterated the Chen Shui-bian presidential administration's adherence to the Four Noes and One Without. Chen Chung-hsin had planned to commemorate the National Day of the Republic of China in Hong Kong, but turned his visa application in late and was unable to participate. In January 2003, he visited China for the first time since taking on his party position. In December of that year, Chen discussed Kuomintang chairman Lien Chan's endorsement of Chen Shui-bian's One Country on Each Side, stating that Lien had previously criticized the concept and called on Lien to explain his party's views on Cross-Strait ties. In April 2004, Chen Chung-hsin was considered a candidate to replace Tsai Ing-wen as head of the Mainland Affairs Council. The position went to Joseph Wu, and Chen instead became deputy and acting secretary-general of the National Security Council. After leaving public service, Chen has commented on aspects of Taiwanese identity, Ma Ying-jeou's actions regarding Cross-Strait relations, and Taiwan's place within the one China principle.
References
Living people
Taiwanese male writers
20th-century Taiwanese writers
Taiwanese journalists
1949 births
Democratic Progressive Party Members of the Legislative Yuan
Members of the 5th Legislative Yuan
Party List Members of the Legislative Yuan
Members of the 4th Legislative Yuan
Tunghai University alumni
Taiwanese editors
21st-century pseudonymous writers
20th-century pseudonymous writers
Male journalists
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas%20Woodall
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Douglas Robert Woodall (born November 1943 in Stoke-on-Trent) is a British mathematician and psephologist. He studied mathematics at the University of Cambridge, and earned his Ph.D. at the University of Nottingham in 1969, his thesis being "Some results in combinatorial mathematics". He worked in the Department of Mathematics from 1969 until his retirement in 2007, as researcher, lecturer, associate professor and reader. He devised the later-no-harm criterion, a voting system criterion that is considered important in the comparison of electoral systems. Woodall has done a lot of work exploring the monotonicity criterion. He also contributed to the problem of fair cake-cutting, for example, by presenting an algorithm for finding a super-proportional division.
Selected publications
See also
Woodall's conjecture on dicuts and dijoins in directed graphs
References
External links
1943 births
Living people
Psephologists
Voting theorists
Combinatorialists
British mathematicians
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Alumni of the University of Nottingham
Academics of the University of Nottingham
People from Stoke-on-Trent
Fair division researchers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard%20Salani%C3%A9
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Bernard Salanié is a French economist. He is professor of economics at Columbia University. He was formerly the director of ENSAE ParisTech and the Center for Research in Economics and Statistics.
Biography
Salanié graduated from the École Polytechnique in 1984 and the Ecole Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Administration Economique in 1986. He received a PhD from the School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences in 1992. His doctoral advisor was François Bourguignon, who was the former Chief Economist of the World Bank from 2003 to 2007.
From 1986 to 1990, Salanié worked for the Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques, before becoming professor of ENSAE and rising to its director. He was also director of the Center for Research in Economics and Statistics from 2001 to 2003. He joined the Columbia University faculty in 2005. He is known in France for his blog "L'économie sans tabou."
Salanié has published widely in the field of microeconomic theory and applied econometrics, and his current research focuses on insurance, methods for policy evaluation, and the economics of the family.
Salanié was a managing editor of The Review of Economic Studies from 2003 to 2007. He has been a fellow of the Econometric Society since 2001.
References
Living people
Columbia University faculty
École Polytechnique alumni
Fellows of the Econometric Society
20th-century French economists
21st-century French economists
French male bloggers
French economics writers
Year of birth missing (living people)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno%20Falissard
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Bruno Falissard is a French mathematician, psychiatrist, and academic. He is a professor of Biostatistics at Paris-Saclay Medical University, the Director of the CESP (INSERM centre for research in epidemiology and population health), and the former President of the IACAPAP (International Association for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions).
Falissard has published over 340 articles. His research primarily focuses on drug evaluation, evaluation of unconventional care, epistemology and research methodology in medicine, psychiatry, psychoanalysis, and neuroscience. He is also the author of 5 books entitled, Comprendre et utiliser les statistiques dans les sciences de la vie, Cerveau et psychanalyse: tentative de reconciliation, Mesurer la subjectivité en santé: perspective méthodologique et statistique, Analysis of Questionnaire Data with R. and Soigner la souffrance psychique des enfants.
Falissard is a member of the French Academy of Medicine, and is associated with the committees of several professional organizations across the globe. He served as co-editor of the European Journal of Epidemiology, of European Child Adolescent Psychiatry and as member of the advisory board of the International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research.
Education
Following his initial training in mathematics and fundamental physics at Ecole Polytechnique, Paris from 1982 till 1985, Falissard pursued his medical studies at the University of Paris XI. He completed his residency in Psychiatry from 1992 till 1996. His Ph.D. degree was in biostatistics and his post doc in psychometrics and exploratory multimensional methods.
Career
Falissard started his academic career as an Assistant Professor in child and adolescent psychiatry in 1996, and was promoted to in Public Health in 1997, and became full Professor in Public health from 2002. Currently, he also serves at the Head of the Center of Epidemiology and Population Health.
Falissard served as the President of the French Biometrics Society from 1999 till 2001, as Chairman of the Scientific Council of the Paris-Sud Faculty of Medicine from 2001 till 2004, and as a Chairman of the Autism Committee of the Fondation de France from 2007 till 2009. He has been serving as the President of the scientific council of the OFDT (French observatory for drugs and drug addiction) from 2012 till 2022, as a member of National Academy of Medicine since 2015, and as a President of IACAPAP (International Association for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied) from 2015 to 2018.
Research
Falissard has worked on statistics, psychoanalysis and child and adolescent psychiatry. In statistics, he found how to represent optimally a correlation matrix by points on a 3-dimensional sphere. This representation preserves the topological structure of the correlation matrix and is more accurate than the more classical Principal Components Analysis. From the end of the XXth century to the mid of the 2010s, Falissard did r
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad%20Hossein%20Eslami
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Mohammad Hossein Eslami (; born April 13, 2001) is an Iranian football midfielder who currently plays for Zob Ahan in the Persian Gulf Pro League.
Career Statistics
Club
Club career
Zob Ahan
He made his debut for Zob Ahan in 10th fixtures of 2021–22 Persian Gulf Pro League against Havadar while he substituted in for Hossein Ebrahimi.
International career
References
Living people
2001 births
Men's association football midfielders
Iranian men's footballers
Zob Ahan Esfahan F.C. players
Persian Gulf Pro League players
Place of birth missing (living people)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad%20Hossein%20Zavari
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Mohammadhossein Zavari (; born January 11, 2001) is an Iranian football midfielder who currently plays for Esteghlal in the Persian Gulf Pro League.
Career Statistics
Club
Club career
Sanat Naft
He made his debut for Sanat Naft in 2nd fixtures of 2020–21 Persian Gulf Pro League against Persepolis while he substituted in for Taleb Rikani.
Honours
Esteghlal
Iranian Super Cup: 2022
References
Living people
2001 births
People from Gorgan
Sportspeople from Golestan province
Men's association football midfielders
Iranian men's footballers
Sanat Naft Abadan F.C. players
Esteghlal F.C. players
Persian Gulf Pro League players
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ad%20Quadratum%3A%20The%20Practical%20Application%20of%20Geometry%20in%20Medieval%20Architecture
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Ad Quadratum: The Practical Application of Geometry in Medieval Architecture is an edited volume on the mathematical design of medieval architecture. It was edited by Nancy Y. Wu, published in 2002 by Ashgate Publishing, and reprinted in 2016 by Routledge.
Title
The title, ad quadratum, refers to a phrase used by medieval architects to describe building designs based on the geometry of the square, including the use of ratios based on polygonal geometry such as the square root of two ratio between the sides and diagonal of the square. The phrase has also been used previously for other publications on the geometric study of medieval architecture, notably in a 1921 book by Frederik Macody Lund, Ad Quadratum: A Study of the Geometrical Bases of Classic and Medieval Religious Architecture.
Topics
After a preface by Wu and W. W. Clark, and an introduction by Eric Fernie, Ad Quadratum includes eleven chapters:
"Geometry on a Carolingian wall", by Warren Sanderson, studies the triangular composition of paintings on a wall in Trier, Germany.
"A proposal for constructing the plan and elevation of a Romanesque church using three measures", by Marie-Therèse Zenner, studies the using a "very complex and farraginous hypothetical geometrical layout".
"Measure and proportion in Romanesque architecture", by James Addis, studies the same church as Zenner, instead finding a modular system of measurements based on the Roman foot.
"A schematic plan for Norwich Cathedral", by Nigel Hiscock, proposes a complex design principle for Norwich Cathedral combining triangular, square, and pentagonal forms, criticized by Christian Freigang as "hardly plausible" for such a repetitive and consistently designed building.
"The plan of Saint-Quentin: Pentagon and square in the genesis of high Gothic design", by Ellen M. Shortell, shows the appearance of pentagonal forms beginning around the 13th century, in the Basilica of Saint-Quentin.
"The hand of the mind: The ground plan of Reims as a case study", by Nancy Y. Wu, again shows the emergence of pentagonal geometry in 13th-century Gothic architecture, in Reims Cathedral, and "reveals the theological implications of the spatial geometry of its east end".
"Reconciling the feet at Beauvais and Amiens Cathedrals", by Stephen Murray, compares the designs of Amiens Cathedral and Beauvais Cathedral, both of a similar height. Murray suggests that a unified measurement system at Amiens, and a lack of coordination between two measurement systems at Beauvais, contributed to the success of the Amiens building and to structural problems at Beauvais.
"On the drawing board: Plans of the Clermont Cathedral terrace", by Michael T. Davis, investigates construction drawings engraved into Clermont-Ferrand Cathedral, and the design processes that these drawings provide a window into.
"Geometry studies: The blind tracery in the western chapels of Narbonne Cathedral", by Vivian Paul, also provides a detailed investigation into the design process at N
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naoki%20Kumata
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is a Japanese footballer currently playing as a forward for FC Tokyo.
Club career
Born in Fukushima Prefecture, Kumata joined FC Tokyo at under-15 level.
Career statistics
Club
.
Notes
Honours
Individual
AFC U-20 Asian Cup Top Goalscorer: 2023 (5 goals)
References
2004 births
Living people
Association football people from Fukushima Prefecture
Japanese men's footballers
Japan men's youth international footballers
Men's association football forwards
FC Tokyo players
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koki%20Toyoda
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is a Japanese footballer currently playing as a forward for Nagoya Grampus.
Club career
Toyoda was promoted to the Nagoya Grampus first team ahead of the 2022 season.
Career statistics
Club
.
Notes
References
2003 births
Living people
Association football people from Gifu Prefecture
Japanese men's footballers
Japan men's youth international footballers
Men's association football forwards
Nagoya Grampus players
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%E2%80%9323%20Scottish%20Professional%20Football%20League
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Statistics of the Scottish Professional Football League (SPFL) in season 2022–23.
Scottish Premiership
Scottish Championship
Scottish League One
Scottish League Two
Award winners
See also
2022–23 in Scottish football
References
Scottish Professional Football League seasons
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local%20invariant%20cycle%20theorem
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In mathematics, the local invariant cycle theorem was originally a conjecture of Griffiths which states that, given a surjective proper map from a Kähler manifold to the unit disk that has maximal rank everywhere except over 0, each cohomology class on is the restriction of some cohomology class on the entire if the cohomology class is invariant under a circle action (monodromy action); in short,
is surjective. The conjecture was first proved by Clemens. The theorem is also a consequence of the BBD decomposition.
Deligne also proved the following. Given a proper morphism over the spectrum of the henselization of , an algebraically closed field, if is essentially smooth over and smooth over , then the homomorphism on -cohomology:
is surjective, where are the special and generic points and the homomorphism is the composition
See also
Hodge theory
Notes
References
Morrison, David R. The Clemens-Schmid exact sequence and applications, Topics in transcendental algebraic geometry (Princeton, N.J., 1981/1982), 101-119, Ann. of Math. Stud., 106, Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ, 1984.
Algebraic geometry
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semistable%20reduction%20theorem
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In algebraic geometry, semistable reduction theorems state that, given a proper flat morphism , there exists a morphism (called base change) such that is semistable (i.e., the singularities are mild in some sense). Precise formulations depend on the specific versions of the theorem.
For example, if is the unit disk in , then "semistable" means that the special fiber is a divisor with normal crossings.
The fundamental semistable reduction theorem for Abelian varieties by Grothendieck shows that if is an Abelian variety over the fraction field of a discrete valuation ring , then there is a finite field extension such that has semistable reduction over the integral closure of in . Semistability here means more precisely that if is the Néron model of over then the fibres of over the closed points (which are always a smooth algebraic groups) are extensions of Abelian varieties by tori.
Here is the algebro-geometric analogue of "small" disc around the , and the condition of the theorem states essentially that can be thought of as a smooth family of Abelian varieties away from ; the conclusion then shows that after base change this "family" extends to the so that also the fibres over the are close to being Abelian varieties.
The imprortant semistable reduction theorem for algebraic curves was first proved by Deligne and Mumford. The proof proceeds by showing that the curve has semistable reduction if and only if its Jacobian variety (which is an Abelian variety) has semistable reduction; one then applies the theorem for Abelian varieties above.
References
Further reading
The Stacks Project Chapter 55: Semistable Reduction: Introduction, https://stacks.math.columbia.edu/tag/0C2Q
Algebraic geometry
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aderemi%20Kuku
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Aderemi Oluyomi Kuku (March 20, 1941 – February 13, 2022), popularly known as Kuku, was a Nigerian professor of mathematics and a former president of the African Mathematical Union (AMU) and the African Academy of Sciences Kenya.
Life
Aderemi Kuku was born in Ijebu-Ode, Ogun State, on March 20, 1941, as the third child of the family of Busari Adeoye Kuku and Abusatu Oriaran Baruwa who were Photographer and trader respectively.
Education
Aderemi Kuku attended both Bishop Oluwole Memorial School, Agege, Lagos State and St James School Anglican primary school, Oke-Odan, Ogun State in order to obtain his primary school leaving certificate. In 1959, he obtained his West African Senior School Certificate from Eko Boys High School, Lagos, Nigeria. He received his B.Sc. in mathematics from University of London, MSc and PhD from University of Ibadan from 1965 to 1971.
Career
In 1966, Kuku was an assistant Lecturer at the University of Ife Ile Ife in Osun State, Nigeria. In 1968, he became lecturer II at University of Ibadan. In 1976, he became a senior lecturer at University of Ibadan. In 1980, he became a reader and in 1982, he became a full professor of mathematics at the University of Ibadan.
Awards and honors
Kuku has received the following:
He was a fellow and the president of the African Academy of Sciences
He was member of the European Academy of Arts Science and Humanities
He was a Member and the immediate past President of African Mathematical Union
He was a Founder fellow of Mathematical Association of Nigeria
He received the Ogun State Special Merit Award in 1987
He was a fellow of the Nigerian Academy of Science
He was a fellow of The World Academy of Sciences
He received a Distinguished Achievement Award from the USA National Association of Mathematicians in 1993
He was awarded the African Mathematical Union Medal in 2000
He was a foreign Fellow of Mongolian Academy of Sciences
He received the presidential award of Officer of the Order of the Niger (OON) in 2008
He was a fellow of the African Science Institute
He was awarded the Nigerian National Order of Merit in 2009
He was honoured with an International Conference on Algebraic K-theory on his 70th birthday at Nanjing University China in 2011
He was a Founder Fellow of the American Mathematical Society
He was awarded a Life-time Achievement Award by the University of Ibadan in 2018
References
1941 births
2022 deaths
People from Ogun State
20th-century Nigerian mathematicians
Academic staff of the University of Ibadan
21st-century Nigerian mathematicians
Fellows of the African Academy of Sciences
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sieve%20of%20Pritchard
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In mathematics, the sieve of Pritchard is an algorithm for finding all prime numbers up to a specified bound.
Like the ancient sieve of Eratosthenes, it has a simple conceptual basis in number theory.
It is especially suited to quick hand computation for small bounds.
Whereas the sieve of Eratosthenes marks off each non-prime for each of its prime factors, the sieve of Pritchard avoids considering almost all non-prime numbers by building progressively larger wheels, which represent the pattern of numbers not divisible by any of the primes processed thus far.
It thereby achieves a better asymptotic complexity, and was the first sieve with a running time sublinear in the specified bound.
Its asymptotic running-time has not been improved on, and it deletes fewer composites than any other known sieve.
It was created in 1979 by Paul Pritchard.
Since Pritchard has created a number of other sieve algorithms for finding prime numbers, the sieve of Pritchard is sometimes singled out by being called the wheel sieve (by Pritchard himself) or the dynamic wheel sieve.
Overview
A prime number is a natural number that has no natural number divisors other than the number and itself.
To find all the prime numbers less than or equal to a given integer , a sieve algorithm examines a set of candidates in the range ,
and eliminates those that are not prime, leaving the primes at the end.
The sieve of Eratosthenes examines all of the range, first removing all multiples of the first prime , then of the next prime , and so on.
The sieve of Pritchard instead examines a subset of the range consisting of numbers that occur on successive wheels,
which represent the pattern of numbers left after each successive prime is processed by the sieve of Eratosthenes.
For the 'th wheel represents this pattern.
It is the set of numbers between and the product of the first prime numbers that are not divisible by any of these prime numbers (and is said to have an associated length ).
This is because adding to a number doesn't change whether or not it is divisible by one of the first prime numbers,
since the remainder on division by any one of these primes is unchanged.
So with length represents the pattern of odd numbers;
with length represents the pattern of numbers not divisible by or ; etc.
Wheels are so-called because can be usefully visualized as a circle of circumference with its members marked at their corresponding distances from an origin.
Then rolling the wheel along the number line marks points corresponding to successive numbers not divisible by one of the first prime numbers.
The animation shows being rolled up to 30.
It's useful to define for to be the result of rolling up to .
Then the animation generates .
Note that up to , this consists only of and the primes between and .
The sieve of Pritchard is derived from the observation that this holds generally:
for all , the values in are and the primes between and .
It even holds for , where th
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AP%20Precalculus
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Advanced Placement (AP) Precalculus is an Advanced Placement precalculus course and examination, offered by the College Board, in development since 2021 and announced in May 2022. The course debuted in the fall of 2023, with the first exam session taking place in May 2024. The course and examination are designed to teach and assess precalculus concepts, as a foundation for a wide variety of STEM fields and careers, and are not solely designed as preparation for future mathematics courses such as AP Calculus AB/BC.
Purpose
According to the College Board,
Topic outline
Unit 1: Polynomial and Rational Functions (6–6.5 weeks)
Unit 2: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions (6–6.5 weeks)
Unit 3: Trigonometric and Polar Functions (7–7.5 weeks)
Unit 4: Functions Involving Parameters, Vectors, and Matrices (7–7.5 weeks)
Note that Unit 4 will not be tested on the AP exam.
Exam
The exam will be composed of 2 sections, each with 2 different types of questions.
Section I will consist of 40 multiple choice questions. 28 will not allow the use of a calculator, while the last 12 will allow a calculator. The non calculator section will be worth 43.75% of the exam score, while the calculator section will be worth 18.75%.
Section II of the Exam will include 4 free response questions, with 2 not allowing a calculator and 2 allowing use of a calculator. Section II will be worth 37.5% of the exam score, with the non-calculator and calculator sections weighed equally.
AP Precalculus exams will be scored on the standard 1–5 AP scale, with 5 signifying that the student is "extremely well qualified" for equivalent college credit and 1 signifying "no recommendation."
See also
Mathematics education in the United States
References
Advanced Placement
Mathematics education in the United States
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/StatMuse
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StatMuse Inc. is an American artificial intelligence company founded in 2014. The company maintains its own eponymous website where it hosts a database of sports statistics.
History
Friends Adam Elmore and Eli Dawson founded the company in 2014. In email correspondence to the Springfield News-Leader, Elmore detailed that he and Dawson, fans of the National Basketball Association (NBA), were compelled to create StatMuse after they realized there was not a place online they could search "lebron james most points" [sic] and quickly get a result "showing his highest scoring games." As a startup, the company's goal was to utilize a type of artificial intelligence called natural language processing (NLP) for sports.
In 2015, the company was part of the second group of startups accepted into the Disney Accelerator program. The company ultimately received the backing of The Walt Disney Company, Techstars, Allen & Company, the NFL Players Association, Greycroft and NBA Commissioner David Stern. As part of their partnership with Disney, StatMuse signed a content deal with ESPN (owned by Disney) to provide stats content on social media and television during the 2015–16 NBA season.
Initially, the company only had stats available for the NBA, but eventually expanded to provide stats for the other major North American sports leagues. The company's initial demographic was players of fantasy sports, but eventually expanded to target general sports fans as well. StatMuse offers responses to user queries in the voices of sports-related public figures. Dawson shared with VentureBeat that StatMuse brings people in and record them saying different words and phrases. These celebrity voices were made accessible through Google's Google Assistant service, Microsoft's Cortana virtual assistant, and Amazon's Echo devices.
The company launched its phone app in September 2017. Through the app, users can query StatMuse's sports statistics database using their own natural language. Upon the launch of the phone app, Fitz Tepper of TechCrunch wrote that: "The technology isn't perfect – some of the pauses between words are a bit awkward – making it clear that some phrases is being stitched together on the fly. But this is the exception, and on the whole most responses sound pretty good." StatMuse plug-ins for Slack and Facebook Messenger were also made, providing text-based sports stats. In 2019, StatMuse received investment from the Google Assistant Investment program.
The service launched a premium option dubbed StatMuse+ in May 2023, offering options that had previously been included for free, such as unlimited searches and full results in data tables. The premium version also included early access to new features and a personalized searched history, as well as not having ads. It was met with mixed feedback.
References
2014 establishments in California
American companies established in 2014
American sport websites
Analytics companies
Chatbots
Companies based in San Fra
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmoud%20Abdel-Aty
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Mahmoud Abdel-Aty is an Egyptian professor of mathematics and information science at Sohag University and the Mathematics Department at Zewail City of Science, Technology and Innovation. He is an elected fellow and the former North Africa Vice President of the African Academy of Sciences, the President of the Egyptian National Committee for the International Mathematical Union, and the Director of the Center for International Relations at Sohag University.
Early life and education
Mahmoud Abdel-Aty was born on 6 November 1967. He obtained his first degree B.Sc. Excellent with Honor, in 1990 from Assiut University, Egypt. He received his Master of Science degree in applied mathematics from Assiut University in 1995. He received his Ph.D. in Applied Mathematics and Quantum Information from Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics in 1999 and received his D.Sc. in mathematics and physics from the National University of Uzbekistan in 2007.
Career
Mahmoud Abdel-Aty started his career as an assistant lecturer at Assiut University (1990-1995). He was a lecturer at South Valley University in 1995 until 1997, when he left to pursue his doctorate at Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Munich. He became an assistant professor in 1999 at South Valley University. After a postdoctoral position at Flensburg University from 2001 to 2003, he became an associate professor at South Valley University in 2004. He became a full professor at Sohag University in 2009. He was the founding chairman of Applied Mathematics Department, at Zewail City of Science and Technology (2013-2017). In 2017, he became the Dean of Scientific Research and Graduate Studies at Applied Science University, Bahrain and from 2018 till present, he is the Director of the International Relation Center, at Sohag University.
Awards and honours
In 2003, Abdel-Aty received the State Encouragement Award for Mathematics. In 2005, he received the Third World Academy of Science Award in Mathematics. In 2007 he collected the Abdul Hameed Shoman Foundation Award for Arab Researchers in Mathematics and Computer Sciences In 2009, he was awarded the Fayza Al-Kharafi Prize in Physics by the Egyptian Academy of Sciences and Technology. In 2011, he received the State Award for Excellence in Basic Science by the Egyptian Academy of Sciences and Technology.
In 2018, he received Mohamed bin Rashed Prize for the best initiative in language policy and planning offered by Mohamed bin Rashed Foundation.
References
Living people
20th-century Egyptian mathematicians
1967 births
National University of Uzbekistan alumni
Fellows of the African Academy of Sciences
21st-century Egyptian mathematicians
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bentsion%20Fleishman
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Bentsion Fleishman (Флейшман, Бенцион Шимонович, born 21 November 1923) is a Russian scientist in the field of mathematical statistics, combinatorial analysis and their applications, doctor of physical and mathematical sciences, professor, author of constructive information theory and the theory of potential efficiency.
Fleishman was born in Moscow. In 1947 he graduated from the Moscow State University, the Department of Probability Theory, headed by A. N. Kolmogorov and was sent to work in the cryptographic service of the Ministry of State Security of the USSR. After his discharge in 1954, he worked at the institutes of the USSR Academy of Sciences: the Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics (1955–1968) and the Institute of Oceanology (1968–1996).
Potential efficiency theory is a synthesis of reliability theory, information theory and game theory, the successor of cybernetics, aiming at biological and engineering systems on general conceptual and mathematical basis. Its main concept – efficiency – is defined as the probability to achieve the goal with limited resources. Other fundamental concepts are purposeful choice and probabilistic feasibility of engineering systems. The theory was first formulated in his book Elements of the Theory of Potential Efficiency of Complex Systems (1971).
Fleishman wrote more than a hundred scientific articles and five books. From 1966 to 1996, he was the head of the cybernetics and environmental problems section of the Scientific and Technical Society of Radio Engineering, Electronics and Communications. After moving to the US in 1996, he worked on applications of potential efficiency theory and became a member of the International Society for Risk Analysis.
Bibliography
A. E. Basharinov, B. S. Fleishman, Methods of statistical sequential analysis and their applications, Moscow: Sov. Radio, 1962;
B. S. Fleishman, Constructive methods of optimal coding for noisy channels, Moscow: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1963;
B. S. Fleishman, Elements of the theory of potential efficiency of complex systems, Moscow: Sov. Radio, 1971 (2nd edition, Smolensk: Oikumene, 2008);
B. S. Fleishman, Fundamentals of Systemology, Radio and Communications, Moscow, 1982 (2nd ed. New York: Lulu.com, 2007);
B. Fleishman. Stochastic theory of ecological interactions. Ecological Modeling, vol. 17, 1982, p. 65-73;
B. Fleishman. Hyperbolic law of reliability and its logarithmic effects in ecology. Ecological Modeling, vol. 55, 1991, p. 75-88;
B. Fleishman, Stochastic Theory of Complex Ecological Systems (cap.6). In: B. Patten, S. Jorgenson (eds) Complex Ecology. Prentice Hall PTP, Prentice Hall Inc, A. Simon & Schuster, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 07632, 1995, p. 166-224;
B. Fleishman, The Choice is Yours, Moscow: Oikumena, 2000 (2nd ed. , New York: Lulu.com, 2008).
External links
Bentsion Fleishman | Official site
1923 births
Possibly living people
Russian mathematicians
Moscow State Un
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chan%E2%80%93Karolyi%E2%80%93Longstaff%E2%80%93Sanders%20process
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In mathematics, the Chan–Karolyi–Longstaff–Sanders process (abbreviated as CKLS process) is a stochastic process with applications to finance. In particular it has been used to model the term structure of interest rates. The CKLS process can also be viewed as a generalization of the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process. It is named after K. C. Chan, G. Andrew Karolyi, Francis A. Longstaff, and Anthony B. Sanders, with their paper published in 1992.
Definition
The CKLS process is defined by the following stochastic differential equation:
where denotes the Wiener process. The CKLS process has the following equivalent definition:
Properties
CKLS is an example of a mean-reverting process
The moment-generating function (MGF) of has a singularity at a critical moment independent of . Moreover, the MGF can be written as the MGF of the CIR model plus a term that is a solution to a Nonlinear partial differential equation.
The CKLS equation has a unique pathwise solution.
Cai and Wang (2015) have derived a central limit theorem and deviation principle for the CKLS model while studying its asymptotic behavior.
CKLS has been referred to as a time-homogeneous model as usually the parameters are taken to be time-independent.
The CKLS has also been referred to as a one-factor model (also see Factor analysis).
Special cases
Many interest rate models and short-rate models are special cases of the CKLS process, including:
Merton model
Vasicek model
CIR SR: square root (SR) process appears in the Cox–Ingersoll–Ross model (CIR), obtained by setting
Dothan
Geometric Brownian motion and Black–Merton–Scholes model
Brennan-Schwarz model
CIR VR
Constant elasticity of variance model (CEV)
These can be obtained by setting the CKLS model parameters to special values.
Financial applications
The CKLS process is often used to model interest rate dynamics and pricing of bonds, bond options, currency exchange rates, securities, and other options, derivatives, and contingent claims. It has also been used in the pricing of fixed income and credit risk and has been combined with other time series methods such as GARCH-class models.
One question studied in the literature is how to set the model parameters, in particular the elasticity parameter . Robust statistics and nonparametric estimation techniques have been used to measure CKLS model parameters.
In their original paper, CKLS argued that the elasticity of interest rate volatility is 1.5 based on historical data, a result that has been widely cited. Also, they showed that models with can model short-term interest rates more accurately than models with .
Later empirical studies by Bliss and Smith have shown the reverse: sometimes lower values (like 0.5) in the CKLS model can capture volatility dependence more accurately compared to higher values. Moreover, by redefining the regime period, Bliss and Smith have shown that there is evidence for regime shift in the Federal Reserve between 1979 and 1982. The
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhi-Ming%20Ma
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Zhi-Ming Ma. () is a Chinese mathematics professor of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Ma is a former Vice Chairman of the Executive Committee for International Mathematical Union., a two times president of Chinese Mathematical Society, an elected member of World Academy of Sciences and the Chairman of Graduate Degree Committee of Academy of Math and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Biography
Ma was born in January, 1948 at Chengdu, Sichuan while Jiaocheng County in Shanxi Province was his native origin. He obtained his first degree in Mathematics from Chongqing Normal University in 1978. In 1981, he received his Master's degree from China Science and Technology University, Graduate School of Science Beijing Municipality. In 1984 he received his doctorate degree in Applied Mathematics from Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Contributions
Ma's contribution in the theory of Dirichlet forms and Markov processes brought an end to a twenty years puzzle in the field. Ma and his team discovered a new framework of quasi-regular Dirichlet forms which correspond to right processes in one-to-one manner. His book, written in collaboration with Michael Rockner, An Introduction to the Theory of (Non-symmetric) Dirichlet Forms, has become a notable text in this field. His work on the proof of the Feynman-Kac probabilistic representation of mixed boundary problems of Schrodinger operators with measure-valued potentials is an important contribution to the theory of the Schrodinger equation.
Selected publications
Zhi-Ming Ma, M. Röckner Introduction to the theory of (non-symmetric) Dirichlet forms.1 November, 1992
Guan, QY., Ma, ZM. Reflected Symmetric α-Stable Processes and Regional Fractional Laplacian. Probab. Theory Relat. Fields 134, 649–694 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00440-005-0438-3
Albeverio, Sergio, Ma, Zhiming Additive functionals, nowhere Radon and Kato class smooth measures associated with Dirichlet forms. https://doi.org/10.18910/8386
Awards
Ma's contributions to science have led to his recognition with various awards including; the First Class Prize for Natural Sciences by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Max-Planck Research Award by the Max-Planck Society and Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, the Chinese National Natural Sciences Prize, the Shiing Shen. Chern Mathematics Prize, the Qiu-Shi Outstanding Young Scholars Prize, the He-Liang-He-Li Sciences and Technology Progress Prize，and the Hua Loo-Keng Mathematics Prize.
Memberships
Ma is a member of different recognised scientific organisations. He was elected as an Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1995 and he became a fellow of the Third World Academy of Sciences in 1999. He was the Chairman of the organizing committee for the International Congress of Mathematicians that was held in Beijing (2002). He was elected as a member of the Executive Committee for International Mathematical Union in 2003 and he became the Vice president in 2007. He was electe
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideal%20reduction
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The reduction theory goes back to the influential 1954 paper by Northcott and Rees, the paper that introduced the basic notions. In algebraic geometry, the theory is among the essential tools to extract detailed information about the behaviors of blow-ups.
Given ideals J ⊂ I in a ring R, the ideal J is said to be a reduction of I if there is some integer m > 0 such that . For such ideals, immediately from the definition, the following hold:
For any k, .
J and I have the same radical and the same set of minimal prime ideals over them (the converse is false).
If R is a Noetherian ring, then J is a reduction of I if and only if the Rees algebra R[It] is finite over R[Jt]. (This is the reason for the relation to a blow up.)
A closely related notion is that of analytic spread. By definition, the fiber cone ring of a Noetherian local ring (R, ) along an ideal I is
.
The Krull dimension of is called the analytic spread of I. Given a reduction , the minimum number of generators of J is at least the analytic spread of I. Also, a partial converse holds for infinite fields: if is infinite and if the integer is the analytic spread of I, then each reduction of I contains a reduction generated by elements.
References
Commutative algebra
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Guwatudde
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Prof David Guwatudde is a Ugandan academic and researcher. He is currently a professor of Epidemiology and Biostatistics in the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics at the School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences.
Background and education
He obtained his Msc in statistics from the University of Southampton, UK, and his PhD from the Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Research
He is a highly experienced researcher whose areas of expertise include epidemiology of hypertension, epidemiology of diabetes, evaluation of effectiveness of interventions for the prevention, management and control of high burden diseases, especially non-communicable diseases, and capacity building through tertiary training. His works have been highly used with 4,361 citations, h-index of 34 and i-10 index of 41. Some of his highly cited works include; Injury patterns in rural and urban Uganda, The state of hypertension care in 44 low-income and middle-income countries: a cross-sectional study of nationally representative individual-level data from 1· 1 million adults, Tuberculosis in household contacts of infectious cases in Kampala, Uganda, The burden of hypertension in sub-Saharan Africa: a four-country cross sectional study, Citywide trauma experience in Kampala, Uganda: a call for intervention, The epidemiology of hypertension in Uganda: findings from the national non-communicable diseases risk factor survey, Prevalence factors associated with hypertension in Rukungiri district, Uganda-a community-based study, Urban malaria: primary caregivers’ knowledge, attitudes, practices and predictors of malaria incidence in a cohort of Ugandan children, Health system performance for people with diabetes in 28 low-and middle-income countries: a cross-sectional study of nationally representative surveys, Diabetes and pre-diabetes among persons aged 35 to 60 years in eastern Uganda: prevalence and associated factors, Mycobacterium africanum Subtype II Is Associated with Two Distinct Genotypes and Is a Major Cause of Human Tuberculosis in Kampala, Uganda, Prevalence and correlates of diabetes mellitus in Uganda: a population‐based national survey, Diabetes diagnosis and care in sub-Saharan Africa: pooled analysis of individual data from 12 countries and Looking at non-communicable diseases in Uganda through a local lens: an analysis using locally derived data.
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
21st-century Ugandan scientists
Ugandan academics
Alumni of the University of Southampton
Case Western Reserve University alumni
21st-century Ugandan educators
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alanna%20Connors
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Alanna Connors (1956–2013) was a Hong Kong-born American astronomer and statistician known for her introduction and advocacy of Bayesian statistics in high-energy astronomy, and for her early use of the Python programming language in astronomy.
Connors was the daughter of an airplane pilot for Pan Am; she was born in Hong Kong, where her father was based, on September 25 1956. She moved to Greenwich, Connecticut as a child. She majored in physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, graduating in 1978, and completed a Ph.D. in astronomy and physics in 1988 at the University of Maryland, College Park. Her doctoral research, conducted at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, concerned X-ray transients. Her later career included work as a researcher at the University of New Hampshire Space Science Center and as visiting faculty at Wellesley College, working with data from the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory.
She was a founder of the California-Harvard Astrostatistics Collaboration (CHASC), in 1997, and through it she became "a driving force of CHASC’s education mission and outreach effort, helping statisticians understand science and scientists understand statistics".
She died of breast cancer on February 2, 2013.
References
1956 births
2013 deaths
American astronomers
American women astronomers
American statisticians
American women statisticians
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
University of Maryland, College Park alumni
Deaths from breast cancer
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Matravers
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David Matravers (26 September 1937 – 31 May 2022) was a British mathematician and cosmologist and Professor of Mathematics at the University of Portsmouth. His research interests were in Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Cosmology.
He founded the Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation at the University of Portsmouth.
Biography
Following BSc and MSc studies at Natal and UNISA, he did his PhD at Rhodes University in South Africa under the supervision of Hanno Rund in 1972.
In 1990 David Matravers joined the University of Portsmouth as Head of School of Mathematical Studies, and became Head of School of Computer Science and Mathematics in 1997. At Portsmouth he founded a research group in General Relativity and Cosmology, that in 2002 became the Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation.
Publications
David Matravers published more than 50 research papers in General Relativity and cosmology.
In 2019 he published the book "How Cosmologists Explain the Universe to Friends and Family", with Karim A. Malik, ISBN 978-3-030-32733-0.
References
1937 births
2022 deaths
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olena%20Vaneeva
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Olena Oleksandrivna Vaneeva (born 28 June 1982, Dnipro) is a Ukrainian mathematician and researcher and vice head of the Institute of Mathematics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Her interests include group analysis of differential equations and integrable systems, and partial differential equations.
Life and work
Vaneeva graduated with a silver medal from Dnipropetrovsk Secondary School in 1999 and enrolled at the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics of the Dnipro National University, graduating in 2004. She earned her PhD in Mathematical Physics (2008) with her dissertation titled Group classification and nonclassical symmetries of reaction-diffusion equations under the direction of R.O. Popovych. She finished her post-doctoral habilitation, also with Popovych, in 2020.
Vaneeva has also collaborated with researchers at the University of Cyprus in Nicosia, in the department of mathematics and statistics working on group analysis of differential equations.
Since 2007, she has been working in Kyiv at the Ukrainian Institute of Mathematics and in 2021 became a leading researcher.
She is on the editorial board of the Ukrainian Mathematical Journal.
Awards
2010 - Prize of the President of Ukraine for young scientists for a series of articles "Algebraic methods in mathematical physics."
2014 - Abel Visiting Scholar Grant from the Niels Henrik Abel Board.
2018 - Ukrainian award L'ORÉAL-UNESCO "For Women in Science."
2020 - International Rising Talents - awarded to young researchers as part of the L'ORÉAL-UNESCO Award for Women in Science.
2020 - winner of the National Award "Woman of Ukraine" 2020 in the category "Science".
Selected publications
Vaneeva, Olena O., A. G. Johnpillai, R. O. Popovych, and Christodoulos Sophocleous. "Enhanced group analysis and conservation laws of variable coefficient reaction–diffusion equations with power nonlinearities." Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 330, no. 2 (2007): 1363-1386.
Vaneeva, Olena O., Roman O. Popovych, and Christodoulos Sophocleous. "Enhanced group analysis and exact solutions of variable coefficient semilinear diffusion equations with a power source." Acta applicandae mathematicae 106, no. 1 (2009): 1-46.
Vaneeva, Olena O., R. O. Popovych, and Christodoulos Sophocleous. "Extended group analysis of variable coefficient reaction–diffusion equations with exponential nonlinearities." Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 396, no. 1 (2012): 225-242.
Vaneeva, Olena O., Alexander Bihlo, and Roman O. Popovych. "Generalization of the algebraic method of group classification with application to nonlinear wave and elliptic equations." Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation 91 (2020): 105419.
References
Living people
1982 births
21st-century Ukrainian women scientists
21st-century Ukrainian mathematicians
21st-century Ukrainian women
Ukrainian women mathematicians
20th-century Ukrainian mathematicians
People from Dnipropetrovsk Obla
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean%20Dhombres
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Jean Guy Dhombres (born 27 August 1942 in Paris) is a French mathematician, historian of mathematics and the mathematical sciences, and biographer of Lazare Carnot.
Biography
Dhombres graduated from the École Polytechnique in the class of 1962. He received in 1970 his doctorate in mathematics from Pierre and Marie Curie University (Paris 6), which is now part of Sorbonne University. He was from 1964 to 1971 a maître de conférences at the École nationale supérieure d'ingénieurs de constructions aéronautiques (ENSICA now part of ISAE-SUPAERO) and from 1965 to 1972 an attaché de recherche en mathématiques at CNRS. At the University of Nantes he was from 1972 to 1978 a maître assistant and from 1980 to 1988 a professor; from 1972 to 1974 he also taught at the École nationale des ponts et chaussées. In the 1970s and early 1980s he held visiting professorships at Bangkok's Asian Institute of Technology in 1971–1972, at the University of Singapore in 1973, at the University of Waterloo in 1975, at the University of Ottawa in 1976–1979, and at the University of Wuhan in 1980–1981. During his years in Ottawa he was also scientific advisor to the French Embassy in Canada.
At the University of Nantes, Dhombres was director of the Centre François Viète d'histoire et philosophie des sciences et des techniques from 1985 (when it was created) until 1995. He was director of studies in the history of exact science at the EHESS from 1988 until his retirement. Since 1998 he has held visiting professorships at the Technical University of Berlin in 1998, at the University of California, Berkeley in 1999, at the University of Geneva in 1999–2000, and at the University of Mexico in 2002–2003 and again in 2008. He was in 2004 a visiting member of the U.S. National Gallery of Art's Center for Advanced Study in the Visual Arts.
Dhombres was from 1983 to 1987 the president of the Société française d'histoire des sciences. He was the directing editor of the book series Un savant, une époque for the publishing house Belin éditeur in Paris. He was the founding editor of the journal Sciences et Techniques en Perspective distributed by Librairie Blanchard and has been a member of the editorial boards of several journals, including Historia Mathematica and Physis.
His mathematical research focuses on functional analysis. He has written extensively on many parts of the history of mathematics. Among his other honors, he was made doctor honoris causa by the University of Geneva in 1997.
He is married with two children and four grandchildren.
Selected publications
2000
(See Pierre Laffitte.)
References
External links
1942 births
Living people
20th-century French mathematicians
21st-century French mathematicians
French historians of mathematics
Historians of science
French biographers
École Polytechnique alumni
Pierre and Marie Curie University alumni
Academic staff of the University of Nantes
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splittance
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In graph theory, a branch of mathematics, the splittance of an undirected graph measures its distance from a split graph. A split graph is a graph whose vertices can be partitioned into an independent set (with no edges within this subset) and a clique (having all possible edges within this subset). The splittance is the smallest number of edge additions and removals that transform the given graph into a split graph.
Calculation from degree sequence
The splittance of a graph can be calculated only from the degree sequence of the graph, without examining the detailed structure of the graph. Let be any graph with vertices, whose degrees in decreasing order are . Let be the largest index for which . Then the splittance of is
The given graph is a split graph already if . Otherwise, it can be made into a split graph by calculating , adding all missing edges between pairs of the vertices of maximum degree, and removing all edges between pairs of the remaining vertices. As a consequence, the splittance and a sequence of edge additions and removals that realize it can be computed in linear time.
Applications
The splittance of a graph has been used in parameterized complexity as a parameter to describe the efficiency of algorithms. For instance, graph coloring is fixed-parameter tractable under this parameter: it is possible to optimally color the graphs of bounded splittance in linear time.
References
Graph invariants
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilson%20action
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In lattice field theory, the Wilson action is a discrete formulation of the Yang–Mills action, forming the foundation of lattice gauge theory. Rather than using Lie algebra valued gauge fields as the fundamental parameters of the theory, group valued link fields are used instead, which correspond to the smallest Wilson lines on the lattice. In modern simulations of pure gauge theory, the action is usually modified by introducing higher order operators through Symanzik improvement, significantly reducing discretization errors. The action was introduced by Kenneth Wilson in his seminal 1974 paper, launching the study of lattice field theory.
Links and plaquettes
Lattice gauge theory is formulated in terms of elements of the compact gauge group rather than in terms of the Lie algebra valued gauge fields , where are the group generators. The Wilson line, which describes parallel transport of Lie group elements through spacetime along a path , is defined in terms of the gauge field by
where is the path-ordering operator. Discretizing spacetime as a lattice with points indexed by a vector , the gauge field take on values only at these points . To first order in lattice spacing the smallest possible Wilson lines, those between two adjacent points, are known as links
where is a unit vector in the direction. Since to first order the path ordering operator drops out, the link is related to the discretized gauge field by . They are the fundamental gauge theory variables of lattice gauge theory, with the path integral measure (mathematics) over the links given by the Haar measure at each lattice point.
Working in some representation of the gauge group, links are matrix valued and orientated. Links of an opposite orientation are defined so that the product of the link from to with the link in the opposite direction is equal to the identity, which in the case of gauge groups means that . Under a gauge transformation , the link transforms the same way as the Wilson line
The smallest non-trivial loop of link fields on the lattice is known as a plaquette, formed from four links around a square in the - plane
The trace of a plaquette is a gauge invariant quantity, analogous to the Wilson loop in the continuum. Using the BCH formula and the lattice gauge field expression for the link variable, the plaquette can be written to lowest order in lattice spacing in terms of the discretized field strength tensor
Lattice gauge action
By rescaling the gauge field using the gauge coupling and working in a representation with index , defined through , the Yang–Mills action in the continuum can be rewritten as
where the field strength tensor is Lie algebra valued . Since the plaquettes relate the link variables to the discretized field strength tensor, this allows one to construct a lattice version of the Yang–Mills action using them. This is the Wilson action, given in terms of a sum over all plaquettes of one orientation on the lattice
It reduces down
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mossel
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Mossel is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Elchanan Mossel, professor of mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Hans Mossel (1905–1944), Dutch clarinettist and saxophonist
Jacob Mossel (1704–1761), Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 1750 to 1761
See also
Mossel Bay, a harbour town on the Southern Cape of South Africa
Mossel Bay pincushion (Leucospermum praecox), evergreen rounded upright shrub
Mossel Bay Commando, light infantry regiment of the South African Army
Mossel Bay Local Municipality in the Western Cape Province of South Africa
Mosel (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midpoint%20theorem%20%28conics%29
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In geometry, the midpoint theorem describes a property of parallel chords in a conic. It states that the midpoints of parallel chords in a conic are located on a common line.
The common line (segment) for the midpoints is also called the diameter of a conic. For a circle, ellipse or hyperbola the diameter goes through its center. For a parabola the diameter is always perpendicular to its directrix and for a pair of intersecting lines the diameter goes through the point of intersection.
References
David A. Brannan, David Alexander Brannan, Matthew F. Esplen, Jeremy J. Gray (1999) Geometry Cambridge University Press , pages 59–66
Aleksander Simonic (November 2012) "On a Problem Concerning Two Conics". In: Crux Mathematicorum, volume 38(9) pages 372–377
C. G. Gibson (2003) Elementary Euclidean Geometry: An Introduction. Cambridge University Press pages 65–68
External links
Locus of Midpoints of Parallel Chords of Central Conic passes through Center at the Proof Wiki
midpoints of parallel chords in conics lie on a common line - interactive illustration
Conic sections
Theorems in plane geometry
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brad%20K.%20Gibson
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Brad Gibson is an Australian-Canadian astrophysicist. He is the Head of the Department of Physics & Mathematics, and Director of the E.A. Milne Centre for Astrophysics, at the University of Hull. He is known for identifying the regions of the Galaxy most likely to harbor complex biological life, designing and constructing the first operational liquid mirror telescope observatory, and using supernovae as cosmological probes, the latter for which led to the 2009 Gruber Prize in Cosmology. A passionate advocate for Widening Participation, Gibson delivers more than 100 presentations annually to schools and the general public; his Changing Face of Physics campaign has been highlighted as Good Practice by the UK Equality Challenge Unit.
Early life and education
Gibson was born in Toronto, Canada and raised in Ajax, Ontario and Mississauga, Ontario, where he latterly attended Port Credit Secondary School. He earned a BSc Degree with Honors in Physics from the University of Waterloo (1988), before pursuing an MSc in Astronomical Instrumentation (1990) and PhD Degree in Theoretical Astrophysics (1995) at the University of British Columbia. His postgraduate research demonstrated the viability of rotating liquid mirrors for astronomical imaging and was awarded a SPIE Scholarship for its Outstanding Long-Range Contributions to Optical Sciences.
Career
In 1995, Gibson was awarded an NSERC Research Fellowship which he held for three years at the Australian National University. Following his research fellowship, Gibson joined the University of Colorado as a Research Associate, before joining Swinburne University of Technology as a professor of astrophysics in 2000; during his tenure at Swinburne, Gibson also served as deputy director to the newly formed Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, and Deputy Head for the School of Biological Sciences and Electrical Engineering. In 2006, Gibson was appointed chair in Theoretical Astrophysics at the University of Central Lancashire. Gibson joined the University of Hull in 2015, where he was responsible for the establishment of the E.A. Milne Centre for Astrophysics and, since 2017, has served as the Head of the Department of Physics and Mathematics.
Gibson served as a member of United Kingdom's Research Excellence Framework 2021 Physics Sub-Panel, the Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics Advisory Panel, a Trustee for the Spacelink Learning Foundation, and vice-president of the Astronomical Society of Australia. He sits on the advisory board of YobiMinds Ltd., the Royal Society University Research Fellowship Panel, the Institute of Physics Heads of Department Steering Group, and the Scientific Editorial Board for The Astrophysical Journal.
Research
Gibson and Paul Hickson designed and constructed the world's first operational Liquid Mirror Telescope Observatory, in Vancouver, Canada. His PhD involved the development of software tools to aid in mapping the distribution of the chemical elements throughout the
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimetic%20interpolation
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In mathematics, mimetic interpolation is a method for interpolating differential forms. In contrast to other interpolation methods, which estimate a field at a location given its values on neighboring points, mimetic interpolation estimates the field's -form given the field's projection on neighboring grid elements. The grid elements can be grid points as well as cell edges or faces, depending on .
Mimetic interpolation is particularly relevant in the context of vector and pseudo-vector fields as the method conserves line integrals and fluxes, respectively.
Interpolation of integrated forms
Let be a differential -form, then mimetic interpolation is the linear combination
where is the interpolation of , and the coefficients represent the strengths of the field on grid element . Depending on , can be a node (), a cell edge (), a cell face () or a cell volume (). In the above, the are the interpolating -forms, which are centered on and decay away from in a way similar to the tent functions. Examples of are the Whitney forms for simplicial meshes in dimensions.
An important advantage of mimetic interpolation over other interpolation methods is that the field strengths are scalars and thus coordinate system invariant.
Interpolating forms
In many cases it is desirable for the interpolating forms to pick the field's strength on particular grid elements without interference from other . This allows one to assign field values to specific grid elements, which can then be interpolated in-between. A common case is linear interpolation for which the interpolating functions (-forms) are zero on all nodes except on one, where the interpolating function is one. A similar construct can be applied to mimetic interpolation
That is, the integral of is zero on all cell elements, except on where the integral returns one. For this amounts to where is a grid point. For the integral is over edges and hence the integral is zero expect on edge . For the integral is over faces and for over cell volumes.
Conservation properties
Mimetic interpolation respects the properties of differential forms. In particular, Stokes' theorem
is satisfied with denoting the interpolation of . Here, is the exterior derivative, is any manifold of dimensionality and is the boundary of . This confers to mimetic interpolation conservation properties, which are not generally shared by other interpolation methods.
Commutativity between the interpolation operator and the exterior derivative
To be mimetic, the interpolation must satisfy
where is the interpolation operator of a -form, i.e. . In other words, the interpolation operators and the exterior derivatives commute. Note that different interpolation methods are required for each type of form (), . The above equation is all that is needed to satisfy Stokes' theorem for the interpolated form
Other calculus properties derive from the commutativity between interpolation and . For instance, ,
The last step
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trewin
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Trewin may refer to:
People
Dennis Trewin AO (born 1946), Australian former public servant, head of the Australian Bureau of Statistics
Ion Trewin (1943–2015), British editor, publisher and author
J. C. Trewin OBE (1908–1990), British journalist, writer and drama critic
Kai Trewin (born 2001), Australian professional footballer
Max Trewin (1927–2005), Australian rules footballer
Morris Trewin, Canadian retired ice hockey goaltender
Todd Trewin (born 1958), American equestrian
Tom Trewin (1914–1992), Australian politician
Wendy Trewin (Wendy Monk) (1915–2000), English writer and critic
Other
Trewin Brothers, a Watford, UK department store bought by national retail giant John Lewis & Partners in 1970 and closed in 2020
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrexham%20Built-up%20area
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The Wrexham Built-up area (also known as the Wrexham Urban Area) is an area of land defined by the United Kingdom Office for National Statistics (ONS) for population monitoring purposes. It is an urban conurbation fully within Wrexham County Borough and consists of the urban area centred on the city of Wrexham. Until the 2021 census, it also included the historically industrial settlements to the west including Gwersyllt, Rhostyllen, Brymbo, Bradley and New Broughton.
Description
2011 census
The detailed methodology of the process used across the UK by ONS in 2011 is set out in 2011 Built-up Areas - Methodology and Guidance, published in June 2013. It is summarised as "..a ‘bricks and mortar’ approach, with areas defined as built-up land with a minimum area of 20 hectares (0.2 km2 / 0.077 mile2), while settlements within 200 metres of each other are linked. Built-up area sub-divisions are also identified to provide greater detail in the data, especially in the larger conurbations."
The total population of the built-up area defined on this basis in 2011 was 65,692 at the 2011 census making Wrexham the fourth largest built-up area in Wales, and largest in North Wales at the time. This accounts for almost half () of the entire country borough's population of 136,055 residents, with the remainder living in Rhosllanerchrugog's built-up area of 25,362 residents (2011 census) or in various villages and towns in rural parts of the county borough.
2021 census
For the 2021 census, the "Wrexham built-up area" was reduced to 44,785 residents, with other areas formerly considered part of the BUA split into separate ones.
Subdivisions (2011 census)
The ONS provides sub-division statistics for the Wrexham built-up area for the 2011 census.
See also
List of conurbations in the United Kingdom
List of Welsh principal areas by population
List of Welsh principal areas by area
List of localities in Wales by population
References
Geography of Wrexham County Borough
Urban areas of Wales
Demographics of Wales
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard%20Santillan
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Leonard A. Santillan (born March 5, 1996) is a Filipino professional basketball player for the Rain or Shine Elasto Painters of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA).
PBA career statistics
As of the end of 2022–23 season
Season-by-season averages
|-
| align=left |
| align=left | Rain or Shine
| 23 || 14.5 || .424 || .333 || .684 || 4.2 || .5 || .2 || .3 || 5.9
|-
| align=left |
| align=left | Rain or Shine
| 34 || 23.9 || .399 || .266 || .667 || 6.0 || .9 || .4 || .4 || 10.5
|-class=sortbottom
| align="center" colspan=2 | Career
| 57 || 20.1 || .406 || .281 || .671 || 5.3 || .7 || .3 || .3 || 8.6
References
1996 births
Living people
Filipino men's basketball players
De La Salle Green Archers basketball players
Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League players
Power forwards (basketball)
Rain or Shine Elasto Painters players
Rain or Shine Elasto Painters draft picks
UV Green Lancers basketball players
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angelos%20Tsavos
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Angelos Tsavos (; born 11 April 2002) is a Greek professional footballer who plays as a right-back.
Career
In summer 2022 he signed a three-year contract with PAS Giannina.
Career statistics
References
2002 births
Living people
Greek men's footballers
Super League Greece 2 players
Super League Greece players
Episkopi F.C. players
PAS Giannina F.C. players
Men's association football fullbacks
Olympiacos F.C. players
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathemalchemy
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Mathemalchemy is a traveling art installation dedicated to a celebration of the intersection of art and mathematics. It is a collaborative work led by Duke University mathematician Ingrid Daubechies and fiber artist Dominique Ehrmann. The cross-disciplinary team of 24 people, who collectively built the installation during the calendar years 2020 and 2021, includes artists, mathematicians, and craftspeople who employed a wide variety of materials to illustrate, amuse, and educate the public on the wonders, mystery, and beauty of mathematics. Including the core team of 24, about 70 people contributed in some way to the realization of Mathemalchemy.
Description
The art installation occupies a footprint approximately , which extends up to in height (in addition, small custom-fabricated tables are arranged around the periphery to protect the more fragile elements). A map shows the 14 or so different zones or regions within the exhibit, which is filled with hundreds of detailed mathematical artifacts, some smaller than ; the entire exhibit comprises more than 1,000 parts which must be packed for shipment. Versions of some of the complex mathematical objects can be purchased through an associated "Mathemalchemy Boutique" website.
The art installation contains puns (such as "Pi" in a bakery) and Easter eggs, such as a miniature model of the Antikythera mechanism hidden on the bottom of "Knotilus Bay". Mathematically sophisticated visitors may enjoy puzzling out and decoding the many mathematical allusions symbolized in the exhibit, while viewers of all levels are invited to enjoy the self-guided tours, detailed explanations, and videos available on the accompanying official website .
A downloadable comic book was created to explore some of the themes of the exhibition, using an independent narrative set in the world of Mathemalchemy.
Themes
The installation features or illustrates mathematical concepts at many different levels. All of the participants regard "recreational mathematics"—especially when it has a strong visual component—as having an important role in education and in culture in general. Jessica Sklar maintains that "mathematics is, at heart, a human endeavor" and feels compelled to make it accessible to those who don't regard themselves as "math people". Bronna Butler talks about the heritage of JH Conway, whose lectures were "almost magical in quality" because they used what looked like curios and tricks but in the end arrived at answers to "fundamental questions of mathematics".
Henry Segerman, who wrote the book Visualizing Mathematics With 3D Printing, contributed 3D pieces that explore stereographic projection and polyhedra. According to Susan Goldstine, "The interplay between mathematics and fiber arts is endlessly fascinating [and] allows for a deeper understanding ways that these crafts can illuminate complex concepts in mathematics". Edmund Harriss says, "You don’t need a background in math to appreciate the installation,
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna%20Sierpi%C5%84ska
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Anna Sierpińska (1947 – October 19, 2023) was a Polish-Canadian scholar of mathematics education, known for her investigations of understanding and epistemology in mathematics education. She was a professor emerita of mathematics and statistics at Concordia University.
Education and career
Sierpińska was born in Wrocław in 1947, and lived internationally with her family as a child. She earned a master's degree in 1970 from the University of Warsaw, specializing in commutative algebra. She completed her Ph.D. in mathematics education in 1984 at the Higher School of Pedagogy, Cracow.
She was editor-in-chief of Educational Studies in Mathematics from 2001 to 2005.
Recognition
In 2006, Luleå University of Technology in Sweden gave Sierpińska an honorary doctorate.
Selected publications
Monograph
Edited volumes
Articles
References
External links
Home page
1947 births
2023 deaths
Canadian mathematicians
Canadian women mathematicians
Polish women mathematicians
20th-century Polish mathematicians
21st-century Polish mathematicians
Mathematics educators
University of Warsaw alumni
Academic staff of Concordia University
Scientists from Wrocław
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NM-method
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The NM-method or Naszodi–Mendonca method is the operation that can be applied in statistics, econometrics, economics, sociology, and demography to construct counterfactual contingency tables. The method finds the matrix () which is "closest" to matrix ( called the seed table) in the sense of being ranked the same but with the row and column totals of a target matrix . While the row totals and column totals of are known, matrix itself may not be known.
Since the solution for matrix is unique, the NM-method is a function: , where is a row vector of size , while is a column vector of size .
The NM-method was developed by Naszodi and Mendonca (2021) (and first applied by Naszodi and Mendonca (2019) to solve for matrix in problems, where matrix is not a sample from the population characterized by the row totals and column totals of matrix , but represents another population.
Their application aimed at quantifying intergenerational changes in the strength of educational homophily and thus measuring the historical change in social inequality between different educational groups in the US between 1980 and 2010. The trend in inequality was found to be U-shaped, supporting the view that with appropriate social and economic policies inequality can be reduced.
Definition of matrix ranking
The closeness between two matrices of the same size can be defined in several ways. The Euclidean distance, and the Kullback-Leibler divergence are two well-known examples.
The NM-method is consistent with a definition relying on the ordinal Liu-Lu index which is the slightly modified version of the Coleman-index defined by Eq. (15) in Coleman (1958). According to this definition, matrix is "closest" to matrix , if their Liu-Lu values are the same. In other words, if they are ranked the same by the ordinal Liu-Lu index.
If is a 2×2 matrix, its scalar-valued Liu-Lu index is defined as
, where
;
;
;
;
.
Following Coleman (1958), this index is interpreted as the “actual minus expected over maximum minus minimum”, where is the actual value of the entry of the seed matrix ; is its expected (integer) value under the counterfactual assumptions that the corresponding row total and column total of are predetermined, while its interior is random. Also, is its minimum value if the association between the row variable and the column variable of is non-negative. Finally, is the maximum value of () for given row total and column total .
For matrix of size n×m (, ), the Liu-Lu index was generalized by Naszodi and Mendonca (2021) to a matrix-valued index. One of the preconditions for the generalization is that the row variable and the column variable of matrix have to be ordered. Equating the generalized, matrix-valued Liu-Lu index of with that of matrix is equivalent to dichotomizing their ordered row variable and ordered column variable in ways by explointing the ordered nature of the row and column variables. Than, equating the original, scalar-va
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A9rard%20Bricogne
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Gérard Marie Robert Bricogne (born October, 1949 in Aix-en-Provence, France) is a French biophysicist and crystallographer.
Education and career
Bricogne studied mathematics and chemistry at University of Nancy and graduated in 1972. He received his doctorate from University of Cambridge under David Mervyn Blow in 1975 and was then a Research Fellow at Trinity College, Cambridge until 1981, working in the group of Aaron Klug. During the period, he also visited Stephen C. Harrison's laboratory at Harvard University. From 1981 to 1983 he was an assistant professor at Columbia University and from 1983 he was research director of the CNRS at the LURE in Orsay and in the biology department of the CNRS.
Bricogne researches mathematical methods in crystallography and was involved in a revolution in using new methods to determine the structures of very large macromolecules in biology from X-ray diffraction data. In 1978 he was the first to determine the structure of a virus (the tobacco mosaic virus and the tomato bushy stunt virus) at the atomic level (with Aaron Klug and others).
He is Research Director of CNRS and Director and Founder (1996) of Global Phasing Ltd, a nonprofit company based in Cambridge, UK.
From 1993 to 1998 he was a visiting scientist at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge and in 1992 a visiting scientist at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. In 1992/93 he was a visiting professor at Uppsala University. In 1999 he became a corresponding member of the Académie des sciences in the mathematics section. In 1988 he became a member of the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO), serving on its Scientific Council from 1985 to 1990.
Honors and awards
In 2005, he received an honorary doctorate from Uppsala University and in 2008, he received the Gregori Aminoff Prize from the Swedish Academy of Sciences. In 1994 he received the Dorothy Hodgkin Prize, in 1985 the Prix Grammaticakis-Neumann of the Académie des Sciences and in 1999 the Patterson Award of the American Crystallographic Association.
Bibliography
Maximum entropy and the foundations of direct methods, Acta Crystallographica, A 40, 1984, S. 410–445
Fourier transforms in crystallography: theory, algorithms and applications, in: International tables for crystallography, Vol. B, 1993. S. 23–106
The Bayesian statistical viewpoint on structure determination: basic concepts and examples, Meth. Enzymol., Vol. 276, 1997, S. 361–423
References
1949 births
Living people
Members of the European Molecular Biology Organization
Members of the French Academy of Sciences
Crystallographers
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Academic staff of Uppsala University
Columbia University faculty
French biophysicists
Nancy-Université alumni
People from Aix-en-Provence
Research directors of the French National Centre for Scientific Research
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Liggins
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David Liggins is a philosopher at the University of Manchester with research interests in metaphysics and philosophy of mathematics.
Education and career
Liggins received his PhD in 2005 from the University of Sheffield. He then spent a year at University of Cambridge's faculty of philosophy before becoming a lecturer at the University of Manchester in 2006. In 2016, he was appointed joint editor of Analysis with Chris Daly. He served as the sole editor of the journal from 2017 to 2021 when it was announced that he would be joint editor alongside Stacie Friend and Lee Walters.
References
Further reading
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
21st-century British philosophers
Alumni of the University of Sheffield
Academics of the University of Cambridge
People associated with the University of Manchester
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unfriendly%20partition
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In the mathematics of infinite graphs, an unfriendly partition or majority coloring is a partition of the vertices of the graph into disjoint subsets, so that every vertex has at least as many neighbors in other sets as it has in its own set. It is a generalization of the concept of a maximum cut for finite graphs, which is automatically an unfriendly partition. (If not, a vertex with more neighbors in its own set could be moved to the other set, increasing the number of cut edges.) The unfriendly partition conjecture is an unsolved problem asking whether every countable graph has an unfriendly partition into two subsets.
Robert H. Cowan and William R. Emerson, in unpublished work, conjectured that every infinite graph has an unfriendly partition into two subsets. However, Saharon Shelah and Eric Charles Milner disproved the conjecture, showing that uncountable graphs might not have two-subset unfriendly partitions. Nevertheless, they showed that an unfriendly partition into three subsets always exists.
Among countable graphs, the existence of a two-subset unfriendly partition is known for the following special cases:
Graphs that have finitely many vertices of infinite degree
Graphs in which all vertices have infinite degree, by an argument using the back-and-forth method
Graphs with no end
Graphs without a subdivision of an infinite clique
The case for arbitrary countable graphs remains open.
References
Graph theory objects
Infinite graphs
Unsolved problems in graph theory
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Karak%2C%20Syria
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Al-Karak () is a Syrian village in Daraa District in Daraa Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Al-Karak had a population of 10,510 in the 2004 census.
History
In 1596, Al-Karak appeared in the Ottoman tax registers as Karak al-Bataniyya'''; part of the nahiya of Bani Malik al-Asraf'' in the Hauran Sanjak. It had an entirely Muslim population consisting of 45 households and 71 bachelors. The villagers paid a fixed tax rate of 40% on various agricultural products, including wheat (10800 akçe), barley (1800), summer crops (4200), goats and beehives (1700), in addition to "occasional revenues"(1500); a total of 20,000 akçe. 5/24 of the revenue went to a waqf.
In 1838, it was noted as "Greek" Christian village, situated "In the Nukrah, South of Eshmiskin".
References
Bibliography
External links
El Karak-map; 21m
Populated places in Daraa District
Villages in Syria
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nezam%20Mahdavi-Amiri
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Nezameddin (Nezam) Mahdavi-Amiri (born August 11, 1952) is an Iranian mathematician and Distinguished Professor of Mathematics at Sharif University of Technology.
He is known for his works on Computational Optimization, Scientific Computing, Matrix Computations, Mathematical Software and Fuzzy Optimization.
References
Living people
1952 births
21st-century Iranian mathematicians
Distinguished professors in Iran
Academic staff of Sharif University of Technology
Johns Hopkins University alumni
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperfinite%20equivalence%20relation
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In descriptive set theory and related areas of mathematics, a hyperfinite equivalence relation on a standard Borel space X is a Borel equivalence relation E with countable classes, that can, in a certain sense, be approximated by Borel equivalence relations that have finite classes.
Definitions
Definition 1. Let X be a standard Borel space, that is; it is a measurable space which arises by equipping a Polish space X with its σ-algebra of Borel subsets (and forgetting the topology). Let E be an equivalence relation on X. We will say that E is Borel if E is a Borel subset of the cartesian product of X with itself, when equipped with the product σ-algebra. We will say that E is finite (respectively, countable) if E has finite (respectively, countable) classes.
The above names might be misleading, since if X is an uncountable standard Borel space, the equivalence relation will be uncountable when considered as a set of ordered pairs from X.
Definition 2. Let E be a countable Borel equivalence relation on a standard Borel space X. We will say that E is hyperfinite if , where is an increasing sequence of finite Borel equivalence relations on X.
Intuitively, this means that there is a sequence finite equivalence relations on X, each finer then its predecessors, approximating E arbitrarily well.
Discussion
A major area of research in descriptive set theory is the classification of Borel equivalence relations, and in particular those which are countable. Among these, finite equivalence relations are considered to be the simplest (for instance, they admit Borel transversals). Therefore, it is natural to ask whether certain equivalence relations, which are not necessarily finite, can be approximated by finite equivalence relations. This turns out to be a notion which is both rich enough to encapsulate many natural equivalence relations appearing in mathematics, yet restrictive enough to allow deep theorems to develop.
It is also worthwhile to note that any countable equivalence relation E can be written down as an increasing union of finite equivalence relations. This can be done, for instance, by taking a partition of every class into classes of size two, then joining two classes in the new equivalence relation which are within the same E-class to form a partition with classes of size four, and so forth. The key observation is that this process requires the axiom of choice in general, and therefore it is not clear that this process generates Borel approximations. Indeed, there are countable Borel equivalence relations that are not hyperfinite, and so in particular the process described above will fail to generate Borel equivalence relations approximating the larger equivalence relation.
Examples and non-examples
Any finite Borel equivalence relation is hyperfinite. Indeed, it is a finite approximation of itself.
A subequivalence relation of a hyperfinite equivalence relation is hyperfinite.
Suppose G is a locally finite group acting Borel-mea
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puncture%20%28topology%29
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In topology, puncturing a manifold is removing a finite set of points from that manifold. The set of points can be small as a single point. In this case, the manifold is known as once-punctured. With the removal of a second point, it becomes twice-punctured, and so on.
Examples of punctured manifolds include the open disk (which is a sphere with a single puncture), the cylinder (which is a sphere with two punctures), and the Möbius strip (which is a projective plane with a single puncture).
References
Topology
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalkhalah
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Khalkhalah () is a Syrian village in Shahba District in As-Suwayda Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Khalkhalah had a population of 2,268 in the 2004 census.
History
In 1838, it was noted as a ruin, situated "in the Luhf, east of the Lejah, i.e. in Wady el-Liwa".
References
Bibliography
Populated places in Shahba District
Villages in Syria
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Tha%27lah
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Al-Tha'lah () is a Syrian village in As-Suwayda District in As-Suwayda Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Al-Tha'lah had a population of 4,569 in the 2004 census.
History
In 1596, Al-Tha'lah appeared in the Ottoman tax registers as Ta'la; part of the nahiya of Bani Nasiyya in the Hauran Sanjak. It had an entirely Muslim population consisting of 30 households and 12 bachelors. The villagers paid a fixed tax rate of 25% on various agricultural products, including wheat (10500 akçe), barley (2250), summer crops (1500), goats and beehives (500), in addition to "occasional revenues"(250); a total of 15,000 akçe.
In 1838, it was noted as a Sunni Muslim village, situated "the Nukra, east of Al-Shaykh Maskin".
References
Bibliography
External links
El Karak-map; 21m
Populated places in as-Suwayda District
Villages in Syria
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tailteann%20Cup%20records%20and%20statistics
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This article contains records and statistics related to the Tailteann Cup, which has run since 2022.
General performances
Roll of honour
Performances by county
Performances by province
Team results
Legend
– Champions
– Runners-up
– Semi-Final
– Preliminary Round/Round 1/Group Stage/Preliminary Quarter-Final/Quarter-Final
AI – All-Ireland Senior Football Championship
For each year, the number of teams in each championship (in brackets) are shown.
By Semi-Final Appearances
Team participation
Seasons in Tailteann Cup
The number of years that each county has played in the Tailteann Cup between 2022 and 2023. A total of 19 counties have competed in at least one season of the Tailteann Cup. 15 counties have participated in the most championships. The counties in bold participate in the 2023 Tailteann Cup.
Debut of counties
Participation by province
All time table
Legend
As of 15 July 2023 (After 2023 Cup).
Other records
By decade
The most successful team of each decade, judged by number of Tailteann Cup titles, is as follows:
2020s: 1 each for Meath (2023) and Westmeath (2022)
Match records
Most matches played
8, Cavan
8, Down
8, Offaly
Most wins
6, Cavan
6, Meath
Most losses
4, Leitrim
4, Longford
4, Waterford
Most draws
2, Laois
Finishing positions
Most championships
1, Westmeath (2022)
1, Meath (2023)
Most second-place finishes
1, Cavan (2022)
1, Down (2023)
Most semi-final finishes
1, Offaly (2022)
1, Sligo (2022)
1, Antrim (2023)
1, Laois (2023)
Most quarter-final finishes
2, Carlow (2022, 2023)
Most preliminary quarter-final finishes
1, Fermanagh (2023)
1, Longford (2023)
1, New York (2023)
1, Offaly (2023)
Most group stage finishes
1, Leitrim (2023)
1, London (2023)
1, Tipperary (2023)
1, Waterford (2023)
1, Wicklow (2023)
Unbeaten sides
One team have won the Tailteann Cup unbeaten:
Westmeath had 4 wins in 2022.
Meath had 6 wins in 2023.
Beaten sides
On one occasion a team was defeated twice but have remained in the knockout championship:
Longford (2023) were beaten by Carlow and Limerick but still qualified for the knockout stage.
Final success rate
Only one county have appeared in the final, being victorious on all occasions:
Westmeath (2022)
Meath (2023)
On the opposite end of the scale, only one county has appeared in the final, losing on each occasion:
Cavan (2022)
Down (2023)
Consecutive participations
2, Antrim (2022-2023)
2, Carlow (2022, 2023)
2 Cavan (2022-2023)
2, Down (2022-2023)
2, Fermanagh (2022-2023)
2, Laois (2022-2023)
2, Leitrim (2022-2023)
2, London (2022-2023)
2, Longford (2022-2023)
2, New York (2022-2023)
2, Offaly (2022-2023)
2, Tipperary (2022-2023)
2, Waterford (2022-2023)
2, Wexford (2022-2023)
2, Wicklow (2022-2023)
15 counties have the record number of consecutive participations in the Tailteann Cup, taking part in the all 2 seasons.
Winning oth
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20J.%20Baker
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Andrew J. Baker is an American astrophysicist.
After completing a Bachelor of Arts degree in mathematics and physics at Harvard University, he completed a doctorate in astronomy at the California Institute of Technology. In 2006, Baker joined the faculty of Rutgers University. Baker was elected a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2014.
References
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
American astrophysicists
Rutgers University faculty
California Institute of Technology alumni
Harvard College alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaniadakis%20exponential%20distribution
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The Kaniadakis exponential distribution (or κ-exponential distribution) is a probability distribution arising from the maximization of the Kaniadakis entropy under appropriate constraints. It is one example of a Kaniadakis distribution. The κ-exponential is a generalization of the exponential distribution in the same way that Kaniadakis entropy is a generalization of standard Boltzmann–Gibbs entropy or Shannon entropy. The κ-exponential distribution of Type I is a particular case of the κ-Gamma distribution, whilst the κ-exponential distribution of Type II is a particular case of the κ-Weibull distribution.
Type I
Probability density function
The Kaniadakis κ-exponential distribution of Type I is part of a class of statistical distributions emerging from the Kaniadakis κ-statistics which exhibit power-law tails. This distribution has the following probability density function:
valid for , where is the entropic index associated with the Kaniadakis entropy and is known as rate parameter. The exponential distribution is recovered as
Cumulative distribution function
The cumulative distribution function of κ-exponential distribution of Type I is given by
for . The cumulative exponential distribution is recovered in the classical limit .
Properties
Moments, expectation value and variance
The κ-exponential distribution of type I has moment of order given by
where is finite if .
The expectation is defined as:
and the variance is:
Kurtosis
The kurtosis of the κ-exponential distribution of type I may be computed thought:
Thus, the kurtosis of the κ-exponential distribution of type I distribution is given by:orThe kurtosis of the ordinary exponential distribution is recovered in the limit .
Skewness
The skewness of the κ-exponential distribution of type I may be computed thought:
Thus, the skewness of the κ-exponential distribution of type I distribution is given by:The kurtosis of the ordinary exponential distribution is recovered in the limit .
Type II
Probability density function
The Kaniadakis κ-exponential distribution of Type II also is part of a class of statistical distributions emerging from the Kaniadakis κ-statistics which exhibit power-law tails, but with different constraints. This distribution is a particular case of the Kaniadakis κ-Weibull distribution with is:
valid for , where is the entropic index associated with the Kaniadakis entropy and is known as rate parameter.
The exponential distribution is recovered as
Cumulative distribution function
The cumulative distribution function of κ-exponential distribution of Type II is given by
for . The cumulative exponential distribution is recovered in the classical limit .
Properties
Moments, expectation value and variance
The κ-exponential distribution of type II has moment of order given by
The expectation value and the variance are:
The mode is given by:
Kurtosis
The kurtosis of the κ-exponential distribution of type II may be computed thought:
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obada%20Abdel%20Shafy
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Abdel-Shafy Fahmy Obada FAAS () is an Egyptian professor of mathematics at the Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University. He is an elected member and the former Vice president of African Academy of Sciences. A fellow of the British Institute of Physics, a founding member and the first president of the Egyptian Mathematical Society.
Early life and education
Abdel-Shafy Fahmy Obada was born in 1942. He was one of the pioneer student of new Assiut University where he obtained his B. SC Mathematics in 1962. In 1967, he obtained his doctorate degree from University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology now ( University of Manchester, England) in England and he was awarded D.Sc. degree from University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST).
Career
Obada started his career in 1962 as a Demonstrator of mathematics at the Assiut University. After his PhD, he was appointed as lecturer in the department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science of Al-Azhar University in Cairo in 1969 and he became Senior Lecturer in the same university in 1974. However, he left in 1975 to become an associate professor at King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia where he taught Mathematics for four years. In 1979, he returned to Al-Azhar University in Cairo as a professor of Applied Mathematics. He was the chairman of the department of mathematics for two years and the Secretary to the Board of the Faculty of Science for four years.
Awards and memberships
Obada became fellow of the Egyptian Academy of Sciences in 1995 and a fellow of the British Institute of Physics in 2000. A year later, he became a fellow of the African Academy of Sciences, and He emerged as the vice-president of the African Academy of Sciences from 2004 to 2013. In 2004, he received the Egyptian State Prize for Scientific Creativity in Basic Sciences. In 2005, he bagged the State Recognition Prize in Basic Sciences. In 2008, he received the Elsevier prize for scientific publications and citations. In 2011, he was given the Misr El-Kheir Prize for highly cited papers. In 2012, he was awarded the Nile Award in Science from the Academy of Scientific Research & Technology. In 2013, he was elected as a member of the Academy of Arabic Language. In 2014, he received the State Sciences and Arts Medal of the First Order and in 2019, he became the African Union's Kwame Nkrumah Laureate of Basic Science, Technology and Innovation Award (2019).
Obada prize
Obada Prize is an international award established by the Natural Sciences Publishing in recognition of Professor Abdel-Shafy Obada's contributions that the field of science.
Selected publications
R K Bullough, A-S F Obada, B V Thompson and F Hynne, Microscopic Theory of the Einstein optical scattering equations, Chemical Physical Letters 2 (5) (1968), 293–296.
R K Bullough, P J Caudrey and A-S F Obada, Theory of radiation reaction and atom self-energies: all-order perturbation theory o
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samir%20Saker
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Samir H Saker is an Egyptian professor of mathematics at the Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Egypt. He is the Manager of IT Unit, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, an elected member of American Mathematical Society and European Mathematical Society.
Early life and education
Samir Saker was born January 11, 1971. He obtained his B.Sc. and M. SC in Mathematics from Mansoura University, Egypt in 1993 and 1997 respectively. He won a scholarship to pursue his PhD at Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland and graduated in 2002.
Career
Samir Saker began his career as a demonstrator at Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Mansoura till professorship in the same university. A year after his B. SC (1994), he was appointed as a demonstrator of mathematics . He became assistant lecturer in the same institution a year after his M.Sc. (1998). He became a full lecturer in 2003, associate Professor of Mathematics in 2008 and In 2013, he became a professor.
Awards and memberships
Samir Saker is an elected Member of American Mathematical Society, European Mathematical Society, Egyptian Mathematical Society, International Society of Difference Equations and Member of African Mathematical Union, AMU. In 2003, he won the Shoman Award for Young Arab Scientists in Jordan. He won USA Fulbright scholarship to Trinity University in 2004. He won the Egyptian National State Prize award twice; 2005 and 2014 and Amin Lotfy Award in Mathematics in 2009.
References
20th-century Egyptian mathematicians
21st-century Egyptian mathematicians
Academic staff of Mansoura University
1971 births
Living people
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaqra%2C%20Syria
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Shaqra () is a Syrian village in Izra District in Daraa Governorate. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Shaqra had a population of 487 in the 2004 census.
History
In 1596, Shaqra appeared in the Ottoman tax registers named Saqra; part of the nahiya of Bani Bani Kilab in the Hauran Sanjak. It had an entirely Muslim population consisting of 12 households and 7 bachelors. The villagers paid a fixed tax rate of 40% on various agricultural products, including wheat (3600 akçe), barley (1800), summer crops (1800), goats and beehives (460), in addition to "occasional revenues" (500); a total of 8,160 akçe. 1/3 of the revenue went to a waqf.
In 1838, it was noted as Sunni Muslim village, situated "In the Luhf, west of the Lejah".
References
Bibliography
External links
Naoua-map, 20L
Populated places in Izra' District
Villages in Syria
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Cube%20Made%20Interesting
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The Cube Made Interesting is a geometry book aimed at high school mathematics students, on the geometry of the cube. It was originally written in Polish by Aniela Ehrenfeucht (née Miklaszewska, 1905–2000), titled Ciekawy Sześcian [the interesting cube], and published by Polish Scientific Publishers PWN in 1960. Wacław Zawadowski translated it into English, and the translation was published in 1964 by the Pergamon Press and Macmillan Inc., in their "Popular Lectures in Mathematics" series.
Topics
The book begins with Euler's polyhedral formula, and includes material on the symmetries of their cube and their realization as geometric rotations, and on the shape of plane sections through cubes. It describes the 30 combinatorially distinct colorings of the six faces of the cube by six different colors, and discusses arrangements of colored cubes that match pairs of equal-colored faces. The final chapter of the book concerns Prince Rupert's cube, the problem of fitting a cube through a hole drilled through a smaller cube without breaking the smaller cube into pieces.
An unusual feature of the book is its heavy illustration with red-blue anaglyphs; provided with the book are red-blue glasses allowing readers to see these images as three-dimensional shapes.
Audience and reception
This book is based on talks given by Ehrenfeucht to students and teachers, and is aimed at a secondary-school audience. Reviewer A. A. Kosinski writes that it "would contribute profitably to the development of the geometric imagination of a student", and Martyn Cundy writes that "the claim of the title is certainly justified".
However, H. S. M. Coxeter notes that some of the terminology has become incorrect or nonstandard in the translation, suggesting that copyediting by someone more familiar with English mathematical terminology would have helped avoid these problems. Cundy complains that the material on Prince Rupert's cube does not provide its optimal solution, and suggests that the color printing and inclusion of 3D viewing glasses made it unnecessarily expensive.
References
Mathematics books
1960 non-fiction books
1964 non-fiction books
Cubes
Pergamon Press books
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021%E2%80%9322%20Armenian%20First%20League
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The 2021–22 Armenian First League season was the 30th since its establishment. The season began 5 August 2021 and finished 19 May 2022.
Stadiums and locations
League table
Statistics
Top scorers
.
References
External links
Armenian First League seasons
Armenia
1
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attia%20Ashour
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Attia Abdel Salam Ashour (, 13 September 1924 – 17 April 2017) was an Egyptian emeritus professor of Applied Mathematics at Cairo University. He was a former president of the Arab Union of Mathematical and Physics. A former Director of Advanced Schools on the Physics of the Earth. He was an elected member of World Academy of Sciences, a founding member of African Academy of Sciences and he was also a Knight in the National Merit Order in France.
Early life and education
Attia Ashour was born on 13 September, 1924 as the first child of his father's family in Damietta, Egypt. His father was a farmer and his mother was a trader. He started schooling at the age of seven, and studied at a primary school in Damietta for four years. He attended the Fuad I secondary school (Abbassia secondary school) in Cairo from 1935. He completed secondary education in 1939, and achieved the university entry certificate in 1940. Ashour decided to study Mathematics in the Faculty of Science at the King Fuad I University (Cairo University).
Career
Ashour started his career immediately after receiving his B.Sc. degree in 1944 as a graduate assistant at Fuad I University now Cairo University, Egypt. He worked for a year and two months before leaving for London for his PhD. Ashour was awarded a PhD in 1948 from the Imperial College London for his work on electromagnetic induction. His thesis titled The Reduction of Electric Currents in Non-uniform Thin Plane Sheets and Spherical Shells, Having Special Distributions of Conductivity with Application of Geomagnetism, co-written with his Ph.D. supervisor Albert Price, was published that December.
Upon his return to Egypt in 1949, he became a lecturer at the department of mathematics at Cairo University. He submitted another paper to the Quarterly Journal of Mechanics and Applied Mathematics with it being published in January 1950. He passed through the academic stages of senior Lecturer and assistant Professor till he became a full Professor of applied mathematics at the Faculty of Science, Cairo University in 1966 and he became emeritus professor in 1984. He headed the Mathematics Department of Cairo University from 1959–1960, 1965–1969, 1971–1976 and 1980–1984. In 1954, he served as a visiting scientist at Queen Mary College, London University. He did the same at the Physics Institute, Bonn University; the Institute de Radium, University de Paris; Exeter University, UK and Physics Department, Ibadan University in 1954, 1955, 1955–1956, 1962–1963 and 1972 respectively.
Awards and memberships
In 1954, Ashour was awarded his first Order of Merit of the Republic of Egypt of the Fifth Grade and went ahead to win the second Grade in 1984. He became a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS) in 1954 and in 1978 he became a Foreign Associate of the institution which is the highest recognition offered by the society for foreign scientist. He was a three – time holder of the Order of Merit of Arts and Sciences First G
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted%20Hurley
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Ted Hurley (born Thaddeus C. Hurley in 1944) is an Irish mathematician specialising in algebra, specifically in group theory, group rings, cryptography, coding theory, and computer algebra. Most of his academic career was spent at University College Galway (later renamed National University of Ireland Galway, or simply NUI Galway). He was Head of Discipline of Mathematics there from 1996 to 2010.
Education
Ted Hurley was born in September 1945 in Tuam, Co. Galway, Ireland, to James Hurley and Bridget Walsh. He earned his BSc (1965) and MSc (1966) from University College Galway (UCG), also winning the Peel Prize in Geometry and the Sir Joseph Larmor Prize. He was awarded a National University of Ireland Travelling Studentship Prize (1966), and was then appointed a Tutorial Research Fellow at Royal Holloway College, University of London, while conducting his doctoral research at nearby Queen Mary College. His 1970 thesis on "Representations of Some Relatively Free Groups in Power Series Rings" was done under Karl W. Gruenberg.
Career
Hurley taught at Imperial College in London (1970-1971) and then at the University of Sheffield (1971-1974), before returning to Ireland. Hurley was a founding member of the Irish Mathematical Society in 1976, and served as its inaugural secretary (1977-1979). After six years on the staff at University College Dublin (UCD), in 1980 he secured a position at his alma mater, University College Galway (later known as the National University of Ireland Galway), from which he officially retired in 2010. He was Lecturer in Mathematics there from 1980 to 1988, Associate Professor from 1988 to 1996, and Professor of Mathematics from 1996 on. He was also Head of Discipline of Mathematics from 1996 to 2010. He has been active in the years since formal retirement, publishing frequently.
He has also been a vocal public commentator on mathematics' education, including the importance of numeracy and mathematics to our lives, in the Irish print media
and has also discussed these issues on popular national radio shows.
Mathematics
Hurley's work was originally mostly in group theory, specifically on structural features of infinite groups (relatively free groups, commutators and powers in groups), and also group rings. Later, his interests expanded to include algebraic coding theory and cryptography.
He has supervised three PhD students and has co-edited several conference proceedings.
Selected papers
2021 "Unique builders for classes of matrices Special Matrices", Hurley, Ted. Special Matrices, vol. 9, no. 1, 2021, pp. 52-65.
2018 "Coding theory: the unit-derived methodology". Hurley T., Hurley D., International Journal of Information and Coding Theory, 5 (1):55-80
2018 "Quantum error-correcting codes: the unit design strategy". Hurley T., Hurley D., Hurley B. International Journal of Information and Coding Theory, 5 (2):169-182
2017 "Solving underdetermined systems with error-correcting codes". Hurley, T. Internation
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasser%20Sweilam
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Nasser Hassan Sweilam is an Egyptian professor of numerical analysis at the Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Cairo University. A member of the African Academy of Sciences. A former Head of the Department of Mathematics, an ex-director of the Information Technology Unit and currently the Director of the E-learning Unit, Faculty of Science of the institution.
Early life and education
Nasser Hassan Sweilam was born in Suez, Egypt on August 21, 1959. He attended Suez Secondary School and graduated in 1977. He obtained his B.Sc. in Mathematics from aaaa in 1981. He bagged his
M.Sc. from the same institution in 1984 and amount Masters's degree in 1989. He was a channel system PhD student between Cairo University, Egypt, and TU-Munich, Germany and eventually clinched his PhD in 1994.
Career
He started his career after his Bachelor of Science degree as a mathematics demonstrator in 1981 at the Department of Mathematics, Cairo University. He became an assistant lecturer in 1989 in the same Alma mater. After his PhD, he became a lecturer in 1994, assistant professor in 1997, associate professor in 2007 and attained full professorship in the same year.
Selected publications
Sweilam, N. H., A. M. Nagy, and L. E. Elfahri, Fractional-Order Delayed Salmonella Transmission Model: A Numerical Simulation
Sweilam, N. H.; AL-Mekhlafi, S. M.; Almutairi, A.; Baleanu, D. (2021-06-01). "A hybrid fractional COVID-19 model with general population mask use: Numerical treatments". Alexandria Engineering Journal. 60 (3): 3219–3232. doi:10.1016/j.aej.2021.01.057. ISSN 1110-0168
References
Living people
1959 births
20th-century Egyptian mathematicians
21st-century Egyptian mathematicians
Academic staff of Cairo University
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition%20algebra
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The partition algebra is an associative algebra with a basis of set-partition diagrams and multiplication given by diagram concatenation. Its subalgebras include diagram algebras such as the Brauer algebra, the Temperley–Lieb algebra, or the group algebra of the symmetric group. Representations of the partition algebra are built from sets of diagrams and from representations of the symmetric group.
Definition
Diagrams
A partition of elements labelled is represented as a diagram, with lines connecting elements in the same subset. In the following example, the subset gives rise to the lines , and could equivalently be represented by the lines (for instance).
For and , the partition algebra is defined by a -basis made of partitions, and a multiplication given by diagram concatenation. The concatenated diagram comes with a factor , where is the number of connected components that are disconnected from the top and bottom elements.
Generators and relations
The partition algebra is generated by elements of the type
These generators obey relations that include
Other elements that are useful for generating subalgebras include
In terms of the original generators, these elements are
Properties
The partition algebra is an associative algebra. It has a multiplicative identity
The partition algebra is semisimple for . For any two in this set, the algebras and are isomorphic.
The partition algebra is finite-dimensional, with (a Bell number).
Subalgebras
Eight subalgebras
Subalgebras of the partition algebra can be defined by the following properties:
Whether they are planar i.e. whether lines may cross in diagrams.
Whether subsets are allowed to have any size , or size , or only size .
Whether we allow top-top and bottom-bottom lines, or only top-bottom lines. In the latter case, the parameter is absent, or can be eliminated by .
Combining these properties gives rise to 8 nontrivial subalgebras, in addition to the partition algebra itself:
The symmetric group algebra is the group ring of the symmetric group over . The Motzkin algebra is sometimes called the dilute Temperley–Lieb algebra in the physics literature.
Properties
The listed subalgebras are semisimple for .
Inclusions of planar into non-planar algebras:
Inclusions from constraints on subset size:
Inclusions from allowing top-top and bottom-bottom lines:
We have the isomorphism:
More subalgebras
In addition to the eight subalgebras described above, other subalgebras have been defined:
The totally propagating partition subalgebra is generated by diagrams whose blocks all propagate, i.e. partitions whose subsets all contain top and bottom elements. These diagrams from the dual symmetric inverse monoid, which is generated by .
The quasi-partition algebra is generated by subsets of size at least two. Its generators are and its dimension is .
The uniform block permutation algebra is generated by subsets with as many top elements as bottom elements.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulisse%20Stefanelli
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Ulisse Stefanelli is an Italian mathematician. He is currently professor at the Faculty of Mathematics of the University of Vienna. His research focuses on calculus of variations, partial differential equations, and materials science.
Biography
Stefanelli obtained his PhD under the guidance of in 2003 at the University of Pavia. He holds a Researcher position at the Istituto di Matematica Applicata e Tecnologie Informatiche E. Magenes of the National Research Council (Italy) in Pavia since 2001. In 2013 he has been appointed to the chair of Applied Mathematics and Modeling at the Faculty of Mathematics of the University of Vienna. He has also conducted research at the University of Texas at Austin, the ETH and the University of Zurich, the Weierstrass Institute in Berlin, and the Laboratoire de Mécanique et Génie Civil in Montpellier.
Since 2017 he is the speaker of the F65 Taming Complexity in Partial Differential Systems funded by the Austrian Science Fund.
Awards
Vinti Prize of the Unione Matematica Italiana (2015)
Richard von Mises Prize of the GAMM (2010)
of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (2009)
ERC Starting Grant (2007)
Selected publications
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
21st-century Italian mathematicians
University of Pavia alumni
Academic staff of the University of Vienna
Italian academics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khaleed%20S.%20Mekheimer
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Khaled S. Mekheimer is an Egyptian professor of Applied Mathematics at the Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science (Men), Al-Azhar University, Egypt. He is the Vice Dean of Research and Post-graduate Studies of the Faculty. He is an elected member of African Academy of sciences and Egyptian Mathematical Society.
Early life and education
Mekheimer was born on March 22, 1963, in Egypt. He obtained his BSc from the department of mathematics, Faculty of Science, Ain-Shams University in 1984. He moved to Al-Azhar University for his MSc and PhD and he graduated in 1990 and 1994 respectively.
Career
Mekheimer started his career in 1986 as a demonstrator of Mathematics at Al-Azhar, University , Cairo, Egypt. He became an assistant lecturer immediately after his MSc in 1990 and assumed the role of a lecturer after his PhD in 1994. In 1997, he moved to King Abdu Al-Aziz University branch, Madinah Munawwara, Saudi Arabia where he became an assistant Professor. He returned to Al-Azhar University in Cairo as an associate professor and in 2010 he became a Professor of Applied Mathematics at the Faculty of Science in the same institution.
References
21st-century Egyptian mathematicians
20th-century Egyptian mathematicians
1963 births
Living people
Academic staff of King Abdulaziz University
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elias%20S.W.%20Shiu
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Elias Sai Wan Shiu is a Professor of Actuarial Mathematics at the University of Iowa, and an internationally renowned actuarial scientist.
Biography
Shiu graduated from California Institute of Technology in 1975 after completing a PhD in mathematics, specializing in operator theory. Prior to joining the University of Iowa, he worked as a consultant for the Great-West Life Assurance Company in Canada and as a tenure-stream faculty member at the Warren Centre for Actuarial Studies and Research at the University of Manitoba, where he served as the Acting Head of the Department of Actuarial Science. He joined the University of Iowa as the Principal Financial Group Professor in 1992. Shiu was one of the early editors for the academic journal, Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, a top-tier actuarial science journal, for which he now serves as an honorary editor. He is also a co-editor of the journal North American Actuarial Journal. Shiu is also a Distinguished Shiu is best known for his work on option pricing by Esscher transforms and contributions to the development of ruin theory, including the seminal paper ``On the Time Value of Ruin". The Gerber-Shiu function, which is a subject of study in ruin theory to analyze the probability and severity of insolvency of insurance companies, is named after Elias S.W. Shiu and Hans-Ulrich Gerber. His research papers have won four Halmstad Prizes, which recognized outstanding research work in the field of actuarial science. Shiu is an Associate of the Society of Actuaries and served on a wide range of professional exams committees. Owing to his great scientific contributions, Shiu was awarded an honorary doctoral degree from the University of Lausanne, Switzerland. The International Gerber-Shiu Workshop series is also named after Elias S.W. Shiu and Hans-Ulrich Gerber. In 2014, the University of Hong Kong hosted the 5th International Gerber-Shiu Workshop in honor of Professor Shiu on the occasion of his 65th birthday.
Publications
References
External links
Home page
Living people
American actuaries
California Institute of Technology alumni
University of Iowa faculty
Academic staff of the University of Manitoba
Year of birth missing (living people)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoukry%20Hassan%20Sayed
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Shoukry Hassan Sayed is an Egyptian professor of Applied Mathematics at the Department of Mathematics, College of Science University of Bahrain. He was the former Head of Mathematics Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. He is a fellow of the Institute of Physics (London) and an elected member of African Academy of Sciences.
Early life and education
Shoukry Hassan Sayed was born on 16 December 1945 in Cairo, Egypt. He obtained his B. Sc, special degree in Mathematics from Ain Shams University, Cairo in 1967. He moved to England to obtain his PhD from University of Manchester in 1976 and earned his D.Sc in 1993 from the same institution.
Career
Shoukry Hassan Sayed started his career immediately after his first degree in 1967 as a mathematics demonstrator at the Department of Mathematics, Ain Shams University. After his PhD in England in 1976, he became a research assistant at his Alma mater, Mathematics Department, University of Manchester. In 1977, he was a Post-Doctoral Fellow at the Physics Department, Waikato University, Hamilton. In 1978, he became a lecturer at Ain Shams University, Cairo in Egypt and he became an Associate Professor when he was in King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia for Sabbatical leave in 1985. In the same year, he was made the Head of Mathematics Department of King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. In 1992, he became a full Professor of Mathematics.
Awards and memberships
In 1981, he received the Egypt State Award in Physics. A year later (1982), he was awarded First Class Egypt Medal of Sciences and Arts. In the same year, he received the best Research Prize in Mathematics from Ain Shams University Cairo, Egypt. In 1987, he received Egypt State Award in mathematics and In 1996, he was awarded the Egyptian First Class Order of Merit and Pendant of Excellence – Class 1 by ASRT. In 2004, he was elected as a member of African Academy of Sciences and he is also a Fellow of Institute of Physics (London).
References
20th-century Egyptian mathematicians
21st-century Egyptian mathematicians
Living people
1945 births
Academic staff of the University of Bahrain
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022%E2%80%9323%20PFC%20Levski%20Sofia%20season
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The 2022–23 season was Levski Sofia's 102nd season in the First League. This article shows player statistics and all matches (official and friendly) that the club has played during the season.
Transfers
In
Out
Loans out
Squad
Updated on 6 March 2023.
Performance overview
Fixtures
Friendlies
Summer
Mid-season
Winter
First League
Preliminary stage
League table
Results summary
Results by round
Matches
The league fixtures were announced on 15 June 2022.
Championship round
League table
Results summary
Results by round
Matches
European play-off final
Bulgarian Cup
Bulgarian Supercup
UEFA Europa Conference League
Second qualifying round
Third qualifying round
Squad statistics
Appearances and goals
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|colspan="14"|Players from the reserve team:
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|colspan="14"|Players away from the club on loan:
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|colspan="14"|Players who left the club during the season:
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Clean sheets
Disciplinary record
Includes all competitive matches.
References
General
Official club website
Specific
Notes
PFC Levski Sofia seasons
Levski Sofia
Levski Sofia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan%20Reid%20%28mathematician%29
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Alan William Reid (born June 14, 1962) is a Scottish-American mathematician working primarily with arithmetic hyperbolic 3-manifolds.
He is the Edgar Odell Lovett Chair of mathematics at Rice University, 2017—present.
Biography
Reid grew up in Buckie, Scotland. He obtained his doctorate from the University of Aberdeen, supervised by Colin Maclachlan, on the topic of Arithmetic Kleinian Groups and their Fuchsian Subgroups. He was a Royal Society University Research Fellow at Cambridge 1992-96. He was awarded the Sloan Research Fellowship in 1997, and became one of the (inaugural) Fellows of the American Mathematical Society in 2013.
Research
Alan Reid's research primarily focusses on low-dimensional topology, hyperbolic manifolds and profinite groups. He proved that the figure-eight knot is the only knot whose complement is an arithmetic hyperbolic 3-manifold. With Martin Bridson, Ben McReynolds and Ryan Spitler, he found the first examples of non-elementary Kleinian groups which are determined by their finite quotients among finitely generated residually finite groups.
He has published more than 100 papers, and supervised 21 PhD students to completion as of 2023.
Notable publications
with Colin Maclachlan.
Awards and honours
Speaker at the 2018 International Congress of Mathematicians, Rio de Janeiro.
Pennzoil Company Regents Professor of Mathematics, University of Texas, Austin, 2011–2016.
Sir Edmund Whittaker Prize in 1993.
References
External links
20th-century Scottish mathematicians
21st-century Scottish mathematicians
Topologists
Rice University faculty
Alumni of the University of Aberdeen
Living people
University of Texas at Austin faculty
Scottish expatriates in the United States
Fellows of the American Mathematical Society
People from Buckie
1962 births
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20D.%20P.%20Meldrum
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John David Philip Meldrum (18 July 1940 in Rabat, Morocco; died 9 August 2018 in Edinburgh, Scotland) was a British Mathematician. Meldrum was an algebraist and his research was mostly related to group theory.
Biography
Meldrum was born in Rabat, Morocco.
In 1964 he was appointed as a Supernumerary Fellow and College Lecturer in Mathematics at Emmanuel College. Meldrum received his Ph.D. from the University of Cambridge in 1967 on the topic of "Central Series in Wreath Products". His supervisor was Derek Roy Taunt.
In 1969 he became a lecturer for mathematics at the University of Edinburgh and in 1982 he was appointed there as a senior lecturer.
He died on 9 August 2018 in Edinburgh after a battle with the Parkinson's disease.
Publications
Books
As an author
As a translator
Meldrum translated the following book by Nicolas Bourbaki
Research articles
References
His biography in the bulletin of the London Mathematical Society:
1940 births
2018 deaths
Alumni of Emmanuel College, Cambridge
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
British mathematicians
People from Rabat
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