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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubical%20bipyramid
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In 4-dimensional geometry, the cubical bipyramid is the direct sum of a cube and a segment, {4,3} + { }. Each face of a central cube is attached with two square pyramids, creating 12 square pyramidal cells, 30 triangular faces, 28 edges, and 10 vertices. A cubical bipyramid can be seen as two cubic pyramids augmented together at their base.
It is the dual of a octahedral prism.
Being convex and regular-faced, it is a CRF polytope.
Coordinates
It is a Hanner polytope with coordinates:
[2] (0, 0, 0; ±1)
[8] (±1, ±1, ±1; 0)
See also
Tetrahedral bipyramid
Dodecahedral bipyramid
Icosahedral bipyramid
References
External links
Cubic tegum
4-polytopes
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriela%20Araujo-Pardo
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Martha Gabriela Araujo-Pardo is a Mexican mathematician specializing in graph theory, including work on graph coloring, Kneser graphs, cages, and finite geometry. She is a researcher at the National Autonomous University of Mexico in the Mathematics Institute, Juriquilla Campus, and the 2022–2024 president of the Mexican Mathematical Society.
Education and career
Araujo studied mathematics at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), where she completed her Ph.D. in 2000. Her dissertation, Daisy Structure in Desarguesian Projective Planes, was supervised by Luis Montejano Peimbert. She has worked for the UNAM Mathematics Institute since 2000, with a postdoctoral research visit to the Polytechnic University of Catalonia in Spain.
She is president of the Mexican Mathematical Society for the 2022–2024 term.
Recognition
In 2013, Araujo won UNAM's Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 2013 award, and was elected to the Mexican Academy of Sciences.
References
External links
Home page
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Mexican mathematicians
Mexican women mathematicians
Graph theorists
National Autonomous University of Mexico alumni
Members of the Mexican Academy of Sciences
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad%20ibn%20Muhammad%20ibn%20al-Sari%20Ibn%20al-Salah
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Najm al-Dīn Abū al-Futūḥ Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Sarī, called Ibn al-Ṣalāḥ (died 1154), was a scholar who wrote critical commentaries on logic and mathematics. In total at least 17 works by Ibn al-Ṣalāh are extant today.
Ibn al-Ṣalāḥ was born either at Samsat or Hamadan. He trained as a physician. He served as court physician to Ilghazi (), the Artuqid ruler of Mardin. He ended his life in Damascus. He is known for his critique of errors in the transmission of Ptolemy's Almagest, for which he examined one Syriac and four Arabic manuscripts. He wrote a Treatise on Projection, commentaries on Galen and eight tracts on Euclid's Elements.
Notes
External links
1154 deaths
Philosophers of the medieval Islamic world
12th-century Arabic-language writers
Year of birth unknown
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Kresch
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Andrew Harold Kresch (born 1972) is an American mathematician specializing in algebraic geometry and a professor at the University of Zurich.
Kresch won a silver medal at the 1989 International Mathematical Olympiad. He studied at the Yale University and received his PhD from University of Chicago in 1998 under the supervision of William Fulton on Chow Homology for Artin Stacks. He was lecturer at the University of Warwick and became a full professor at the University of Zurich in 2006.
Publications (Selection)
with Buch, Anders Skovsted; Tamvakis, Harry (2017). A Giambelli formula for isotropic Grassmannians. Selecta Mathematica, 23(2):869-914.
with Buch, Anders Skovsted; Purbhoo, Kevin; Tamvakis, Harry (2016). The puzzle conjecture for the cohomology of two-step flag manifolds. Journal of Algebraic Combinatorics, 44(4):973-1007.
with Bumsig, Kim; Oh Yong-Geun. A compactification of the space of maps from curves. Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, vol. 366, no. 1, 2014, pp. 51–74. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/23813129. Accessed 30 Aug. 2022.
Flattening stratification and the stack of partial stabilizations of prestable curves. (2013) Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society, 45(1):93-102.
On the geometry of Deligne-Mumford stacks. In: Abramovich, D; Bertram, A; Katzarkov, L; Pandharipande, R; Thaddeus, M. Algebraic Geometry: Seattle 2005. Providence, Rhode Island: American Mathematical Society, 259–271.
with Tamvakis, H (2003). Quantum cohomology of the Lagrangian Grassmannian. Journal of Algebraic Geometry, 12(4):777-810.
with Edidin, D; Hassett, B; Vistoli, A (2001). Brauer groups and quotient stacks. American Journal of Mathematics, 123(4):761-777.
Gromov-Witten invariants of a class of toric varieties (2000). Michigan Mathematical Journal, 48(1):369-391.
References
External links
Website at the University of Zurich
Living people
Academic staff of the University of Zurich
International Mathematical Olympiad participants
Yale University alumni
University of Chicago alumni
1972 births
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor%20Fritz%20career%20statistics
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This is a list of main career statistics of American professional tennis player Taylor Fritz. All statistics are according to the ATP Tour and ITF website.
Singles performance timeline
Current through the 2023 Rolex Paris Masters.
Significant finals
Masters 1000 finals
Singles: 1 (1 title)
ATP finals
Singles: 11 (6 titles, 5 runner-ups)
Doubles: 3 (3 runner-ups)
National and international representation
Team competitions finals: 4 (3 titles, 1 runner-up)
Challenger and Futures finals
Singles: 8 (5–3)
Doubles: 1 (0–1)
Junior Grand Slam finals
Singles: 2 (1 title, 1 runner-up)
Exhibition Finals
Record against other players
Record against top-10 players
Fritz's record against those who have been ranked in the top 10, with active players in boldface:
Wins over top 10 players
Fritz has a record against players who were, at the time the match was played, ranked in the top 10.
*
See also
United States Davis Cup team
List of United States Davis Cup team representatives
Notes
References
External links
Fritz, Taylor
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geely%20Panda%20Mini%20EV
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The Geometry Panda Mini EV is an electric car that has been manufactured by Geely since 2022. It was sold under the Geometry marque, but badged as "Geome" instead.
It made its official debut at a shopping mall in the city of Hangzhou in December 2022.
Overview
Spotted in a series of photos from China's Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Panda has a square shape, similar to the Wuling Hongguang Mini EV. It sports a pair of simple circular headlights while it lacks a front grille.
The production version of the Panda Mini EV was launched in February 2023. The Panda Mini EV is equipped with LFP batteries supplied by Guoxuan Hi-Tech. The short-range version of the Panda Mini EV has a CLTC range of 120 km, while the long-range version has a CLTC range of 200 km range with a maximum driving speed of 100 km/h. The long-range version is fitted with a 30KW (41 hp) front motor and supports 22KW DC fast charging capable of charging the battery from 30% to 80% within 30 minutes.
References
Geely vehicles
Production electric cars
Cars of China
Electric city cars
Rear-wheel-drive vehicles
Rear-engined vehicles
Cars introduced in 2022
Microcars
Hatchbacks
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leticia%20Brambila%20Paz
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Gloria Leticia Brambila Paz (born 1953) is a Mexican mathematician specializing in algebraic geometry and the moduli of algebraic curves. She is a professor in the Centro de Investigación en Matemáticas (CIMAT) in Guanajuato, Mexico.
Education and career
Brambila was born on 26 January 1953. She went to Swansea University in the United Kingdom for doctoral study in mathematics, completing her PhD in 1986 with the dissertation Homomorphisms of Vector Bundles over Compact Riemann Surface supervised by Alan Thomas.
She worked as an assistant professor at the National Autonomous University of Mexico from 1973 to 1976, and as a professor of mathematics at UAM Iztapalapa in Mexico City from 1983 to 1998, when she moved to her present position at CIMAT. She also became a life fellow of Clare Hall, Cambridge in 2011.
Recognition
Brambila was elected to the Mexican Academy of Sciences in 2001.
References
1953 births
Living people
Mexican mathematicians
Mexican women mathematicians
Algebraic geometers
Academic staff of the National Autonomous University of Mexico
Academic staff of Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana
Fellows of Clare Hall, Cambridge
Members of the Mexican Academy of Sciences
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimiko%20Date%20career%20statistics
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This is a list of the main career statistics of Japanese tennis player Kimiko Date.
Performance timelines
Only main-draw results in WTA Tour, Grand Slam tournaments, Fed Cup and Olympic Games are included in win–loss records.
Singles
Doubles
WTA career finals
Singles: 15 (8 titles, 7 runner-ups)
Doubles: 10 (6 titles, 4 runner-ups)
WTA 125 tournament finals
Singles: 1 (runner-up)
ITF Circuit finals
Singles: 19 (14 titles, 5 runner-ups)
Doubles: 14 (7 titles, 7 runner-ups)
Top 10 wins
Notes
References
Date, Kimiko
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zheng%20Jie%20career%20statistics
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This is a list of the main career statistics of Chinese tennis player Zheng Jie. She has won 19 WTA titles (four in singles and 15 in doubles). All of her singles titles are from WTA International tier, but played one WTA Premier final at the 2010 Warsaw Open. Given that she was more successful as a doubles player, she also won two Grand Slam titles, the Australian Open and Wimbledon Championships, both in 2006. Along with that, she finished twice as a semifinalist in singles, at the 2008 Wimbledon Championships and in 2010 at the Australian Open.
Playing for China at the Olympic Games, in 2008 in Beijing, she get the bronze in doubles alongside Yan Zi. In doubles, she also triumphed at the three WTA Premier Mandatory & 5 tournaments; at the 2006 Berlin Open, at the 2007 Charleston Open and at the 2011 Italian Open. In mixed doubles, she reached four semifinals. On the WTA Rankings, she finished at the No. 15 in singles in May 2009, while in doubles she was No. 3 in July 2006.
Performance timelines
Only main-draw results in WTA Tour, Grand Slam tournaments, Fed Cup and Olympic Games are included in win–loss records.
Singles
Doubles
Mixed doubles
Significant finals
Grand Slam tournaments finals
Doubles: 3 (2 titles, 1 runner-up)
WTA Premier Mandatory & 5 finals
Doubles: 5 (3 titles, 2 runner-ups)
Other significant finals
Olympic finals
Doubles: 1 (bronze medal)
WTA career finals
Singles: 7 (4 titles, 3 runner-ups)
Doubles: 30 (15 titles, 15 runner-ups)
ITF Circuit finals
Singles: 10 (4 titles, 6 runner–ups)
Doubles: 23 (17 titles, 6 runner–ups)
Top 10 wins
Notes
References
Zheng, Jie
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa%20Emilia%20Caballero
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María Emilia Caballero Acosta is a Mexican mathematician specializing in probability theory, including Lévy processes, branching processes, Markov processes, and Lamperti representations (an exponential relation between Markov processes and Lévy processes). She is a professor in the Faculty of Sciences and Researcher in the Institute of Sciences of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM).
Education and career
After doing her undergraduate studies at the National Autonomous University of Mexico, Caballero went to Pierre and Marie Curie University in France for graduate study in mathematics. She completed a doctorat de troisième cycle in 1973, with the dissertation Quelques proprietes en theorie du potentiel in potential theory, jointly supervised by Marcel Brelot and Paul Malliavin. Her interest in probability theory developed out of this work and the probabilistic theory of potential.
Already in 1964, she had begun working as an adjunct professor at the Escuela Nacional Preparatoria and as an assistant in the Faculty of Sciences at UNAM. On completing her doctorate in 1973, she took her present position at the Institute of Mathematics.
Recognition
Caballero is a member of the Mexican Academy of Sciences. She won UNAM's Juana de Asbaje Medal in 2004. In 2012 she won UNAM's National University Award, the first woman in the Institute of Mathematics to win this award.
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Mexican mathematicians
Mexican women mathematicians
Probability theorists
National Autonomous University of Mexico alumni
Academic staff of the National Autonomous University of Mexico
Members of the Mexican Academy of Sciences
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilbert%E2%80%93Pollack%20conjecture
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In mathematics, the Gilbert–Pollak conjecture is an unproven conjecture on the ratio of lengths of Steiner trees and Euclidean minimum spanning trees for the same point sets in the Euclidean plane. It was proposed by Edgar Gilbert and Henry O. Pollak in 1968.
Statement
For a set of points in the plane, the shortest network of line segments that connects the points, having only the given points as endpoints, is the Euclidean minimum spanning tree of the set. It may be possible to construct a shorter network by using additional endpoints, not present in the given point set. These additional points are called Steiner points and the shortest network that can be constructed using them is called a Steiner minimum tree. The Steiner ratio is the supremum, over all point sets, of the ratio of lengths of the Euclidean minimum spanning tree to the Steiner minimum tree. Because the Steiner minimum tree is shorter, this ratio is always greater than one.
A lower bound on the Steiner ratio is provided by three points at the vertices of an equilateral triangle of unit side length. For these three points, the Euclidean minimum spanning tree uses two edges of the triangle, with total length two. The Steiner minimum tree connects all three points to a Steiner point at the centroid of the triangle, with the smaller total length . Because of this example, the Steiner ratio must be at least .
The Gilbert–Pollak conjecture states that this example is the worst case for the Steiner ratio, and that this ratio equals . That is, for every finite point set in the Euclidean plane, the Euclidean minimum spanning tree can be no longer than times the length of the Steiner minimum tree.
Attempted proof
The conjecture is famous for its proof by Ding-Zhu Du and Frank Kwang-Ming Hwang, which later turned out to have a serious gap.
Based on the flawed Du and Hwang result, J. Hyam Rubinstein and Jia F. Weng concluded that the Steiner ratio is also for a 2-dimensional sphere of constant curvature, but due to the gap in the base result of Du and Hwang, the result of Rubinstein and Weng is now also considered as not proved yet.
References
Conjectures
Unsolved problems in graph theory
Unsolved problems in computer science
Geometric algorithms
Combinatorial optimization
Metric geometry
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patty%20Schnyder%20career%20statistics
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This is a list of the main career statistics of Swiss tennis player Patty Schnyder.
Performance timelines
Only main-draw results in WTA Tour, Grand Slam tournaments, Fed Cup and Olympic Games are included in win–loss records.
Singles
Doubles
WTA career finals
Singles: 27 (11 titles, 16 runner-ups)
Doubles: 16 (5 titles, 11 runner-ups)
ITF Circuit finals
Singles: 14 (7 titles, 7 runner-ups)
Top 10 wins
Head-to-head vs. top 10 ranked players
Notes
References
Schnyder, Patty
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81gnes%20Sz%C3%A1vay%20career%20statistics
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This is a list of the main career statistics of Hungarian tennis player Ágnes Szávay.
Performance timelines
Only main-draw results in WTA Tour, Grand Slam tournaments, Fed Cup and Olympic Games are included in win–loss records.
Singles
Doubles
WTA career finals
Singles: 7 (5 titles, 2 runner–ups)
Doubles: 8 (2 titles, 6 runner–ups)
ITF Circuit finals
Singles: 4 (3 titles, 1 runner–up)
Doubles: 5 (3 titles, 2 runner–ups)
Record against other players
Top 10 wins
Notes
References
Schnyder, Patty
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosa%20Mar%C3%ADa%20Farf%C3%A1n
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Rosa María Farfán Márquez is a Mexican researcher in social epistemology and mathematics education, affiliated with CINVESTAV in the Instituto Politécnico Nacional.
Education and career
Farfán has been a researcher for CINVESTAV since 1985. She completed a doctorate through CINVESTAV in 1993, with the dissertation Construcción de la noción de convergencia en ámbitos fenomenológicos vinculados a la ingeniería: Estudio de caso, jointly supervised by Carlos Ímaz Janhke and Fernando Hitt. She was a postdoctoral researcher at Paris Diderot University before returning to CINVESTAV.
She became the founding editor in chief of the journal Revista Latinoamericana de Investigación en Matemática Educativa (Relime) in 1997, remaining editor until 2007.
Recognition
Farfán was elected to the Mexican Academy of Sciences in 2001.
References
External links
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Mexican mathematicians
Mexican women mathematicians
Mathematics educators
Members of the Mexican Academy of Sciences
Social epistemologists
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Roussas
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George Gregory Roussas (born June 29, 1933) is a Greek-American professor emeritus in statistics at University of California, Davis. He is noted for his contributions in asymptotic statistics and stochastic processes.
Education and career
Roussas was born in the central Greece region of Phthiotis. He studied mathematics at University of Athens in Greece and received his BSc in 1956. Afterwards, he moved to the US, studying for a PhD in statistics at University of California, Berkeley under the supervision of David Blackwell and Lucien Le Cam. He received his PhD from Berkeley in 1964.
Roussas started his academic career in the statistics faculty at San Jose State University in 1964 as an assistant professor. He then moved to University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1966, where he progressed from an assistant professor to a full professor in 1972. During this time, he also took up administrative position at University of Patras and University of Crete in his home country, Greece. Roussas moved to University of California, Davis in 1985 and took up the chair in the Department of Statistics. He became distinguished Professor at University of California, Davis in 2003 and retired there in 2012.
Honors and awards
Roussas became a Fellow of the Royal Statistical Society in 1975, a Fellow of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics in 1983, a Fellow of the American Statistical Association in 1986, and a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2010.
Bibliography
References
1933 births
Living people
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens alumni
University of California, Berkeley alumni
University of California, Davis faculty
University of Wisconsin–Madison faculty
San Jose State University faculty
Academic staff of the University of Patras
Mathematical statisticians
Greek mathematicians
20th-century Greek mathematicians
American statisticians
People from Spercheiada
Textbook writers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bego%C3%B1a%20Fern%C3%A1ndez%20%28mathematician%29
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María Asunción Begoña Fernández Fernández (published as Begoña Fernández) is a Mexican mathematician specializing in probability theory, stochastic processes, and mathematical finance. She is a professor of mathematics at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM).
Education
Fernández studied mathematics at UNAM, graduating in 1979. She earned a master's degree in statistics and operations research in 1986, and completed her doctorate at CINVESTAV in 1990.
Recognition
Fernández is a member of the Mexican Academy of Sciences.
References
External links
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Mexican mathematicians
Mexican women mathematicians
Probability theorists
National Autonomous University of Mexico alumni
Academic staff of the National Autonomous University of Mexico
Members of the Mexican Academy of Sciences
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Erd%C5%91s%20Distance%20Problem
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The Erdős Distance Problem is a monograph on the Erdős distinct distances problem in discrete geometry: how can one place points into -dimensional Euclidean space so that the pairs of points make the smallest possible distance set? It was written by Julia Garibaldi, Alex Iosevich, and Steven Senger, and published in 2011 by the American Mathematical Society as volume 56 of the Student Mathematical Library. The Basic Library List Committee of the Mathematical Association of America has suggested its inclusion in undergraduate mathematics libraries.
Topics
The Erdős Distance Problem consists of twelve chapters and three appendices.
After an introductory chapter describing the formulation of the problem by Paul Erdős and Erdős's proof that the number of distances is always at least proportional to , the next six chapters cover the two-dimensional version of the problem. They build on each other to describe successive improvements to the known results on the problem, reaching a lower bound proportional to in Chapter 7. These results connect the problem to other topics including the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality, the crossing number inequality, the Szemerédi–Trotter theorem on incidences between points and lines, and methods from information theory.
Subsequent chapters discuss variations of the problem: higher dimensions, other metric spaces for the plane, the number of distinct inner products between vectors, and analogous problems in spaces whose coordinates come from a finite field instead of the real numbers.
Audience and reception
Although the book is largely self-contained, it assumes a level of mathematical sophistication aimed at advanced university-level mathematics students. Exercises are included, making it possible to use it as a textbook for a specialized course. Reviewer Michael Weiss suggests that the book is less successful than its authors hoped at reaching "readers at different levels of mathematical experience": the density of some of its material, needed to cover that material thoroughly, is incompatible with accessibility to beginning mathematicians. Weiss also complains about some minor mathematical errors in the book, which however do not interfere with its overall content.
Much of the book's content, on the two-dimensional version of the problem, was made obsolete soon after its publication by new results of Larry Guth and Nets Katz, who proved that the number of distances in this case must be near-linear. Nevertheless, reviewer William Gasarch argues that this outcome should make the book more interesting to readers, not less, because it helps explain the barriers that Guth and Katz had to overcome in proving their result. Additionally, the techniques that the book describes have many uses in discrete geometry.
References
Mathematics books
2011 non-fiction books
Discrete geometry
American Mathematical Society
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric%20Origami
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Geometric Origami is a book on the mathematics of paper folding, focusing on the ability to simulate and extend classical straightedge and compass constructions using origami. It was written by Austrian mathematician and published by Arbelos Publishing (Shipley, UK) in 2008. The Basic Library List Committee of the Mathematical Association of America has suggested its inclusion in undergraduate mathematics libraries.
Topics
The book is divided into two main parts. The first part is more theoretical. It outlines the Huzita–Hatori axioms for mathematical origami, and proves that they are capable of simulating any straightedge and compass construction. It goes on to show that, in this mathematical model, origami is strictly more powerful than straightedge and compass: with origami, it is possible to solve any cubic equation or quartic equation. In particular, origami methods can be used to trisect angles, and for doubling the cube, two problems that have been proven to have no exact solution using only straightedge and compass.
The second part of the book focuses on folding instructions for constructing regular polygons using origami, and on finding the largest copy of a given regular polygon that can be constructed within a given square sheet of origami paper. With straightedge and compass, it is only possible to exactly construct regular for which is a product of a power of two with distinct Fermat primes (powers of two plus one): this allows to be 3, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, etc. These are called the constructible polygons. With a construction system that can trisect angles, such as mathematical origami, more numbers of sides are possible, using Pierpont primes in place of Fermat primes, including for equal to 7, 13, 14, 17, 19, etc. Geometric Origami provides explicit folding instructions for 15 different regular polygons, including those with 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 17, and 19 sides. Additionally, it discusses approximate constructions for polygons that cannot be constructed exactly in this way.
Audience and reception
This book is quite technical, aimed more at mathematicians than at amateur origami enthusiasts looking for folding instructions for origami artworks. However, it may be of interest to origami designers, looking for methods to incorporate folding patterns for regular polygons into their designs. Origamist David Raynor suggests that its methods could also be useful in constructing templates from which to cut out clean unfolded pieces of paper in the shape of the regular polygons that it discusses, for use in origami models that use these polygons as a starting shape instead of the traditional square paper.
Geometric Origami may also be useful as teaching material for university-level geometry and abstract algebra, or for undergraduate research projects extending those subjects, although reviewer Mary Fortune cautions that "there is much preliminary material to be covered" before a student would be ready for such a project. R
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregory%20S.%20Chirikjian
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Gregory Scott Chirikjian (born 1966) is an American roboticist and applied mathematician, primarily working in the field of kinematics, motion planning, computer vision, group theory applications in engineering, and the mechanics of macromolecules.
He currently serves as the head and professor at the Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore.
Before joining NUS, he was a professor at the Johns Hopkins University.
He is well known for his theoretical contributions to the kinematics of hyper-redundant (snake-like and continuum) robots and stochastic methods on Lie groups.
Academic life
Chirikjian received a bachelor's degree from Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Baltimore, MD, USA, in 1988, and the Ph.D. degree from the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA, in 1992.
In the same year, he joined the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Johns Hopkins University as an assistant professor.
He was promoted to associate professor and full professor in 1997 and 2001, respectively.
From 2004 to 2007, he was the Chair of the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University.
From 2014 to 2015, he served as a program director for the US National Robotics Initiative, which included responsibilities in the Robust Intelligence cluster in the Information and Intelligent Systems Division of CISE at the National Science Foundation (NSF).
In 2019, he joined the National University of Singapore and has been serving as the head and professor of the Department of Mechanical Engineering.
Awards and honors
Chirikjian was named NSF's Young Investigator in 1993, Presidential Faculty Fellow in 1994, and was a recipient of the ASME Pi Tau Sigma Gold Medal in 1996.
He was elected as a fellow of ASME in 2008, and a fellow of IEEE in 2010 for his contributions to hyper-redundant manipulators.
In 2019, he received the American Society of Mechanical Engineers' Machine Design Award.
References
External links
Gregory Scott Chirikjian at GitHub
20th-century American mathematicians
American roboticists
Applied mathematicians
Johns Hopkins University alumni
Johns Hopkins University faculty
Academic staff of the National University of Singapore
Fellow Members of the IEEE
1966 births
Living people
American expatriates in Singapore
American expatriate academics
Fellows of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/From%20Zero%20to%20Infinity
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From Zero to Infinity: What Makes Numbers Interesting is a book in popular mathematics and number theory by Constance Reid. It was originally published in 1955 by the Thomas Y. Crowell Company. The fourth edition was published in 1992 by the Mathematical Association of America in their MAA Spectrum series. A K Peters published a fifth "Fiftieth anniversary edition" in 2006.
Background
Reid was not herself a professional mathematician, but came from a mathematical family that included her sister Julia Robinson and brother-in-law Raphael M. Robinson. She had worked as a schoolteacher, but by the time of the publication of From Zero to Infinity she was a "housewife and free-lance writer". She became known for her many books about mathematics and mathematicians, aimed at a popular audience, of which this was the first.
Reid's interest in number theory was sparked by her sister's use of computers to discover Mersenne primes. She published an article on a closely related topic, perfect numbers, in Scientific American in 1953, and wrote this book soon afterward. Her intended title was What Makes Numbers Interesting; the title From Zero to Infinity was a change made by the publisher.
Topics
The twelve chapters of From Zero to Infinity are numbered by the ten decimal digits, (Euler's number, approximately 2.71828), and , the smallest infinite cardinal number. Each chapter's topic is in some way related to its chapter number, with a generally increasing level of sophistication as the book progresses:
Chapter 0 discusses the history of number systems, the development of positional notation and its need for a placeholder symbol for zero, and the much later understanding of zero as being a number itself. It discusses the special properties held by zero among all other numbers, and the concept of indeterminate forms arising from division by zero.
Chapter 1 concerns the use of numbers to count things, arithmetic, and the concepts of prime numbers and integer factorization.
The topics of Chapter 2 include binary representation, its ancient use in peasant multiplication and in modern computer arithmetic, and its formalization as a number system by Gottfried Leibniz. More generally, it discusses the idea of number systems with different bases, and specific bases including hexadecimal.
Chapter 3 returns to prime numbers, including the sieve of Eratosthenes for generating them as well as more modern primality tests.
Chapter 4 concerns square numbers, the observation by Galileo that squares are equinumerous with the counting numbers, the Pythagorean theorem, Fermat's Last Theorem, and Diophantine equations more generally.
Chapter 5 discusses figurate numbers, integer partitions, and the generating functions and pentagonal number theorem that connect these two concepts.
In chapter 6, Reid brings in the material from her earlier article on perfect numbers (of which 6 is the smallest nontrivial example), their connection to Mersenne primes, the search for large prim
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ver%C3%B3nica%20Mart%C3%ADnez%20de%20la%20Vega
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Verónica Martínez de la Vega y Mansilla is a Mexican mathematician whose research involves topology and hypertopology. She is a researcher in the Institute of Mathematics at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM).
Education and career
Martínez de la Vega was born in Mexico City, on January 5, 1971. Her family worked as lawyers, and discouraged her from going into science, but nevertheless she ended up studying mathematics at UNAM, and wrote an undergraduate thesis in topology that she published as a journal paper in Topology and its Applications. Continuing to graduate study in topology at UNAM, she completed her PhD in 2002 with the dissertation Estudio sobre dendroides y compactaciones supervised by Polish topologist Janusz J. Charatonik, becoming his only female doctoral student.
After postgraduate research at UAM Iztapalapa and California State University, Sacramento, she joined the Institute of Mathematics as a researcher in 2005.
Recognition
Martínez de la Vega is a member of the Mexican Academy of Sciences. In 2017 UNAM gave her their "Reconocimiento Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz" award.
References
1971 births
Living people
Mexican mathematicians
Mexican women mathematicians
Topologists
National Autonomous University of Mexico alumni
Members of the Mexican Academy of Sciences
People from Mexico City
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/What%20We%20Cannot%20Know
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What We Cannot Know: Explorations at the Edge of Knowledge is a 2016 popular science book by the British mathematician Marcus du Sautoy. He poses questions from science and mathematics and attempts to identify whether they are known, currently unknown or may be impossible to ever know.
Background
The author, British mathematician Marcus du Sautoy, succeeded Richard Dawkins as Simonyi Professor for the Public Understanding of Science. His contributions to science communication include television documentaries and a co-hosting role on Dara Ó Briain: School of Hard Sums.
Du Sautoy said that the book took three years to write. He was inspired to explore unknowns in science by considering provable unknowns in mathematics: for instance, Gödel's first incompleteness theorem states that in any (sufficiently sophisticated) logical system, there are true statements about positive whole numbers that cannot be proven true. In analogy, du Sautoy says that there are unknown questions around consciousness because every person is limited to their own consciousness (like a formal system is limited to its axioms). Another mathematical analogy du Sautoy made is that Euclid's theorem—that there are infinitely many prime numbers—is a finite proof of a fact about infinity. Du Sautoy imagines that, in physics, some proof of infinitude of the universe could be similarly possible.
The book was published on 19 May 2016.
Synopsis
Du Sautoy identifies seven "edges" of human knowledge, through consideration of physical objects. For instance, he questions whether it is possible to know what side a die will land on prior to rolling, using probability and chaos theory in his analysis. He explores philosophical and scientific concepts of time and consciousness. Other topics include evolutionary biology and particle physics. As well as unknown questions, he illustrates known facts from quantum physics and astronomy.
Du Sautoy connects the unknowns of human knowledge to God, recalling that a radio interviewer defined God to him as "something which transcends human understanding". He ultimately rejects belief in a deity himself. He illustrates topics with examples from his own life, such as his practice of the trumpet and cello.
Reception
In Undark Magazine, science communicator John Durant praised that du Sautoy's book is "honestly self-deprecating" and that he manages to be "amiable and entertaining" without exaggerating scientific fact. Similarly, Nicola Davis of The Guardian praised that du Sautoy "exposes with humility his own confusions, apprehensions and concerns", but criticised that he "somewhat limply concludes" that what humans cannot know may remain unknown. In contrast, a writer for The Economist found the conclusion to be "optimistic" and saw the book as "fascinating". Barbara Kiser reviewed the book for Nature as a "finely synthesized study" in which du Sautoy takes readers on a "dazzling journey".
Rob Kingston recommended it as a science book of 2016 for The
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplicial%20complex%20recognition%20problem
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The simplicial complex recognition problem is a computational problem in algebraic topology. Given a simplicial complex, the problem is to decide whether it is homeomorphic to another fixed simplicial complex. The problem is undecidable for complexes of dimension 5 or more.
Background
An abstract simplicial complex (ASC) is family of sets that is closed under taking subsets (the subset of a set in the family is also a set in the family). Every abstract simplicial complex has a unique geometric realization in a Euclidean space as a geometric simplicial complex (GSC), where each set with k elements in the ASC is mapped to a (k-1)-dimensional simplex in the GSC. Thus, an ASC provides a finite representation of a geometric object. Given an ASC, one can ask several questions regarding the topology of the GSC it represents.
Homeomorphism problem
The homeomorphism problem is: given two finite simplicial complexes representing smooth manifolds, decide if they are homeomorphic.
If the complexes are of dimension at most 3, then the problem is decidable. This follows from the proof of the geometrization conjecture.
For every d ≥ 4, the homeomorphism problem for d-dimensional simplicial complexes is undecidable.
The same is true if "homeomorphic" is replaced with "piecewise-linear homeomorphic".
Recognition problem
The recognition problem is a sub-problem of the homeomorphism problem, in which one simplicial complex is given as a fixed parameter. Given another simplicial complex as an input, the problem is to decide whether it is homeomorphic to the given fixed complex.
The recognition problem is decidable for the 3-dimensional sphere . That is, there is an algorithm that can decide whether any given simplicial complex is homeomorphic to the boundary of a 4-dimensional ball.
The recognition problem is undecidable for the d-dimensional sphere for any d ≥ 5. The proof is by reduction to the word problem for groups. From this, it can be proved that the recognition problem is undecidable for any fixed compact d-dimensional manifold with d ≥ 5.
As of 2014, it is open whether the recognition problem is decidable for the 4-dimensional sphere .
Manifold problem
The manifold problem is: given a finite simplicial complex, is it homeomorphic to a manifold? The problem is undecidable; the proof is by reduction from the word problem for groups.
References
Undecidable problems
Simplicial sets
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318%20FC%20Chernihiv%20season
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Players
Squad information
Transfers
In
Out
Statistics
Appearances and goals
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! colspan=16 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Goalkeepers
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! colspan=17 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Defenders
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! colspan=16 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Midfielders Oleksiy Vorobey
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! colspan=16 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Forwards
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! colspan=16 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Players transferred out during the season
Last updated: 27 November 2022
References
External links
FC Chernihiv
FC Chernihiv seasons
FC Chernihiv
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319%20FC%20Chernihiv%20season
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Players
Squad information
Transfers
In
Out
Statistics
Appearances and goals
|-
! colspan=16 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Goalkeepers
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! colspan=17 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Defenders
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! colspan=16 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Midfielders
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! colspan=16 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Forwards
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! colspan=16 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Players transferred out during the season
Last updated: 28 November 2022
References
External links
FC Chernihiv
FC Chernihiv seasons
FC Chernihiv
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9borah%20Oliveros
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Déborah Oliveros Braniff is a Mexican mathematician whose research interests include discrete geometry, combinatorics, and convex geometry, including the geometry of bodies of constant width and related topics.
Education and career
After earning an undergraduate degree in mathematics from the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) in 1992, and earning a master's degree in 1994 under the mentorship of Mónica Clapp, Oliveros continued at UNAM for graduate study in mathematics, with doctoral research on an unsolved question of Stanislaw Ulam concerning the buoyancy of floating convex bodies. Her 1997 dissertation on the topic, Los volantines : sistemas dinamicos asociados al problema de la flotacion de los cuerpos, was jointly supervised by Luis Montejano and Javier Bracho.
She became a professor at UNAM in 1996, but left in 1999 for postdoctoral research at the University of Calgary in Canada. She became a professor there from 2001 to 2005, when she returned to a professorship at UNAM. She became one of the founders of the branch of the UNAM Institute of Mathematics at the UNAM Juriquilla campus, and directed the institute for 2015–2016. She also holds an affiliation with the Faculty of Engineering of the Autonomous University of Queretaro.
Book
Oliveros is a coauthor with Horst Martini and Luis Montejano of the book Bodies of Constant Width: An Introduction to Convex Geometry with Applications (Birkhäuser, 2019).
Recognition
UNAM gave Oliveros the "Reconocimiento Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz" award in 2014. She is a member of the Mexican Academy of Sciences.
References
External links
Home page
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Mexican mathematicians
Mexican women mathematicians
Combinatorialists
Geometers
National Autonomous University of Mexico alumni
Academic staff of the University of Calgary
Academic staff of the National Autonomous University of Mexico
Members of the Mexican Academy of Sciences
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura%20Ort%C3%ADz-Bobadilla
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Laura Ortíz-Bobadilla is a Mexican mathematician specializing in differential geometry, and especially on holomorphic foliations and the limit cycles of dynamical systems. She is a researcher in the Institute of Mathematics of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM).
Education and career
Ortíz-Bobadilla is originally from Mexico City. She studied mathematics at UNAM, earning bachelor's and master's degrees under the mentorship of and Xavier Gómez-Mont, respectively. She completed a PhD in 1991 at the Steklov Institute of Mathematics in Moscow, Russia; her dissertation, Analytic Classification of Complex Linear Vector Fields: Case of Nontrivial Jordan Cell, was supervised by Yulij Ilyashenko.
She has been a researcher in the Institute of Mathematics since 1992.
Book
With Xavier Gómez-Mont, Ortíz-Bobadilla is the author of a Spanish-language textbook on dynamic systems on surfaces, Sistemas dinámicos holomorfos en superficies.
Recognition
Ortíz-Bobadilla is a member of the Mexican Academy of Sciences. In 2020, UNAM gave her their National University Award for Teaching in the Exact Sciences.
References
External links
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Mexican mathematicians
Mexican women mathematicians
National Autonomous University of Mexico alumni
Steklov Institute of Mathematics alumni
Differential geometers
Members of the Mexican Academy of Sciences
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliane%20R.%20Rodrigues
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Eliane Regina Rodrigues is a Brazilian applied mathematician and statistician who works in Mexico as a researcher at the Institute of Mathematics of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). Her research involves using stochastic processes including Markov chains and Poisson point processes to model phenomena such as air pollution, noise pollution, the health effects of fat taxes, and the effectiveness of vaccination.
Education
After undergraduate study in mathematics at São Paulo State University, Rodrigues earned a master's degree in probability theory from the University of Brasília, both in Brazil. She completed a PhD in applied probability from Queen Mary and Westfield College (now Queen Mary University of London) in England.
Book
Rodrigues is the coauthor, with Brazilian mathematician Jorge Alberto Achcar, of the book Applications of Discrete-time Markov Chains and Poisson Processes to Air Pollution Modeling and Studies (Springer Briefs in Mathematics, 2013).
Recognition
Rodrigues is a member of the Mexican Academy of Sciences, and an Elected Member of the International Statistical Institute.
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Brazilian mathematicians
Brazilian women mathematicians
Brazilian statisticians
Mexican mathematicians
Mexican women mathematicians
Mexican statisticians
Applied mathematicians
Women statisticians
São Paulo State University alumni
University of Brasília alumni
Alumni of Queen Mary University of London
Members of the Mexican Academy of Sciences
Elected Members of the International Statistical Institute
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antilimit
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In mathematics, the antilimit is the equivalent of a limit for a divergent series. The concept not necessarily unique or well-defined, but the general idea is to find a formula for a series and then evaluate it outside its radius of convergence.
Common divergent series
See also
Abel summation
Cesàro summation
Lindelöf summation
Euler summation
Borel summation
Mittag-Leffler summation
Lambert summation
Euler–Boole summation and Van Wijngaarden transformation can also be used on divergent series
References
Divergent series
Summability methods
Sequences and series
Mathematical analysis
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse%20gamma%20function
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In mathematics, the inverse gamma function is the inverse function of the gamma function. In other words, whenever . For example, . Usually, the inverse gamma function refers to the principal branch with domain on the real interval and image on the real interval , where is the minimum value of the gamma function on the positive real axis and is the location of that minimum.
Definition
The inverse gamma function may be defined by the following integral representation
where is a Borel measure such that and and are real numbers with .
Approximation
To compute the branches of the inverse gamma function one can first compute the Taylor series of near . The series can then be truncated and inverted, which yields successively better approximations to . For instance, we have the quadratic approximation:
The inverse gamma function also has the following asymptotic formula
where is the Lambert W function. The formula is found by inverting the Stirling approximation, and so can also be expanded into an asymptotic series.
Series expansion
To obtain a series expansion of the inverse gamma function one can first compute the series expansion of the reciprocal gamma function near the poles at the negative integers, and then invert the series.
Setting then yields, for the n th branch of the inverse gamma function ()
where is the polygamma function.
References
Gamma and related functions
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine%20Searle
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Catherine Searle is an American mathematician specializing in differential geometry and in particular on the curvature and symmetry of manifolds and Alexandrov spaces. She is a professor of mathematics at Wichita State University.
Education and career
Searle majored in mathematics and physics at Bryn Mawr College, graduating in 1984. She went to the University of Maryland, College Park for graduate study in mathematics, completing her Ph.D. in 1992. Her dissertation, Manifolds of Positive Curvature with Large Symmetry Groups, was supervised by Karsten Grove.
For approximately the next 20 years she worked as a researcher in Mexico, initially at CINVESTAV from 1992 to 1998, and then at the Cuernavaca unit of the Institute of Mathematics of the National Autonomous University of Mexico from 1996 to 2011. She was also affiliated with the National System of Researchers beginning in 1993.
In 2012 she returned to the US as a visiting professor at Oregon State University. She became an assistant professor at Wichita State University in 2014, earned tenure there as an associate professor in 2017, and was promoted to full professor in 2019.
Recognition
Searle was elected to the Mexican Academy of Sciences in 2010.
References
External links
Home page
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
20th-century American mathematicians
21st-century American mathematicians
American women mathematicians
Differential geometers
Bryn Mawr College alumni
University of Maryland, College Park alumni
Wichita State University faculty
Members of the Mexican Academy of Sciences
20th-century women mathematicians
21st-century women mathematicians
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahesh%20Kakde
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Mahesh Ramesh Kakde (born 1983) is a mathematician working in algebraic number theory.
Biography
Mahesh Kakde was born on 1983 in Akola, India. He obtained a Bachelor of Mathematics degree at the Indian Statistical Institute in Bangalore in 2004, and a Certificate of Advanced Study in Mathematics at the University of Cambridge in 2005. He completed his PhD under the supervision of John Coates at the University of Cambridge in 2008. He subsequently worked at Princeton University, University College London, and King's College London, before becoming a professor at the Indian Institute of Science in 2019.
Research
Kakde proved the main conjecture of Iwasawa theory in the totally real case. Together with Samit Dasgupta and Kevin Ventullo, he proved the Gross–Stark conjecture. In a joint project with Samit Dasgupta, they proved the Brumer–Stark conjecture away from 2. Generalising these methods, they also gave a solution to Hilbert's 12th problem for totally real fields. Their methods were subsequently used by Johnston and Nickel to prove the equivariant Iwasawa main conjecture for abelian extensions without the hypothesis.
Awards
In 2019, Kakde was awarded a Swarnajayanti Fellowship.
Together with Samit Dasgupta, Kakde was one of the invited speakers at the International Congress of Mathematicians 2022, where they gave a joint talk on their work on the Brumer–Stark conjecture.
In 2022, Kakde received the Infosys Prize for his contributions to algebraic number theory. In his congratulatory message, Jury Chair Chandrashekhar Khare noted that "[Kakde’s] work on the main conjecture of non-commutative Iwasawa theory, on the Gross-Stark conjecture and on the Brumer-Stark conjecture has had a big impact on the field of algebraic number theory. His work makes important progress towards a p-adic analytic analog of Hilbert’s 12th problem on construction of abelian extensions of number fields."
References
External links
Old official website at King's College London
Indian mathematicians
Academic staff of the Indian Institute of Science
1983 births
Number theorists
People from Akola
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Indian Statistical Institute alumni
Living people
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba%20national%20football%20team%20results%20%282020%E2%80%93present%29
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This page details the match results and statistics of the Cuba national football team from 2020 to present.
Cuba were due to play French Guiana in a 2021 CONCACAF Gold Cup qualification match on 3 July 2021, but a 3–0 win was awarded to French Guiana as the Cuba team were not granted visas to enter the United States.
Results
Cuba's score is shown first in each case.
References
External links
World Football Elo Ratings: Cuba
Cuba at WorldFootball.net
Cuba national football team results
2020s in Cuba
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martha%20Takane
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Martha Yoko Takane Imay is a Mexican mathematician whose research topics include linear algebra, representation theory, and algebraic combinatorics. She is a professor at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) and a researcher in the UNAM Institute of Mathematics.
Education and career
Takane studied mathematics at UNAM, earning a bachelor's degree in 1986, master's degree in 1988, and PhD in 1992. Her doctoral dissertation, Propiedades espectrales de las matrices de Coxeter y las matrices de adyacencia de las algebras hereditarias de tipo salvaje, was supervised by .
She has been a faculty member at UNAM since 1991 and a researcher in the Mathematical Institute since 1992. She was also a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Bielefeld and University of Trondheim, and has also taught in the Autonomous University of Mexico State since 2006.
She has also been active in encouraging women in mathematics in Mexico, and co-founded a center for gender studies at UNAM.
Recognition
Takane won the 1992 Weizmann Prize for the best doctoral thesis in the exact sciences in Mexico. She was elected to the Mexican Academy of Sciences in 1998. In 2007 UNAM gave her their Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz prize.
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
20th-century Mexican mathematicians
Mexican women mathematicians
National Autonomous University of Mexico alumni
Academic staff of the National Autonomous University of Mexico
Academic staff of the Autonomous University of Mexico State
Members of the Mexican Academy of Sciences
21st-century Mexican mathematicians
20th-century women mathematicians
21st-century women mathematicians
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South%20Africa%20national%20soccer%20team%20results%20%281992%E2%80%931999%29
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This page details the match results and statistics of the South Africa national soccer team from 1992 to 1999.
Results
References
1992-1999
1990s in South Africa
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuensanta%20Aroca
|
Fuensanta Aroca Bisquert is a Spanish mathematician who works in Mexico as a researcher in the Institute of Mathematics (Cuernavaca unit) of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). Her mathematical research involves the use of power series to solve differential equations, singularity theory, and tropical geometry. She has also published research on screening for mental health, and has spoken on discrimination and harassment in mathematics.
Education and career
Aroca was an undergraduate at the Autonomous University of Madrid, where she graduated in 1992. She completed a Ph.D. in 2000 at the University of Valladolid; her dissertation, Métodos algebraicos en ecuaciones diferenciales de primer orden en el campo complejo, was supervised by José M. Aroca Hernández Ros.
She has been a researcher at the UNAM Institute of Mathematics (Cuernavaca unit) since 2004.
Recognition
Aroca was elected to the Mexican Academy of Sciences in 2022.
References
External links
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Spanish mathematicians
Spanish women mathematicians
Mexican mathematicians
Mexican women mathematicians
Autonomous University of Madrid alumni
University of Valladolid alumni
Members of the Mexican Academy of Sciences
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dicut
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In mathematics, a dicut is a partition of the vertices of a directed graph into two subsets, so that each edge that has an endpoint in both subsets is directed from the first subset to the second. Each strongly connected component of the graph must be entirely contained in one of the two subsets, so a strongly connected graph has no nontrivial dicuts.
The second of the two subsets in a dicut, a subset of vertices with no edges that exit the subset, is called a closure. The closure problem is the algorithmic problem of finding a dicut, in an edge-weighted directed graph, whose total weight is as large as possible. It can be solved in polynomial time.
In planar graphs, dicuts and cycles are dual concepts. The dual graph of a directed graph, embedded in the plane, is a graph with a vertex for each face of the given graph, and a dual edge between two dual vertices when the corresponding two faces are separated by an edge. Each dual edge crosses one of the original graph edges, turned by 90° clockwise. For a dicut in the given graph, the
duals of the edges that cross the dicut form a directed cycle in the dual graph, and vice versa.
A dijoin can be defined as a set of edges that crosses all dicuts; when the edges of a dijoin are contracted, the result is a strongly connected graph. Woodall's conjecture, an unsolved problem in this area, states that in any directed graph the minimum number of edges in a dicut (the unweighted minimum closure) equals the maximum number of disjoint dijoins that can be found in the graph (a packing of dijoins). A fractional weighted version of the conjecture, posed by Jack Edmonds and Rick Giles, was refuted by Alexander Schrijver. In the other direction, the Lucchesi–Younger theorem states that the minimum size of a dijoin equals the maximum number of disjoint dicuts that can be found in a given graph.
References
Directed graphs
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodall%27s%20conjecture
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In the mathematics of directed graphs, Woodall's conjecture is an unproven relationship between dicuts and dijoins. It was posed by Douglas Woodall in 1976.
Statement
A dicut is a partition of the vertices into two subsets such that all edges that cross the partition do so in the same direction. A dijoin is a subset of edges that, when contracted, produces a strongly connected graph; equivalently, it is a subset of edges that includes at least one edge from each dicut.
If the minimum number of edges in a dicut is , then there can be at most disjoint dijoins in the graph, because each one must include a different edge from the smallest dicut. Woodall's conjecture states that, in this case, it is always possible to find disjoint dijoins. That is, any directed graph the minimum number of edges in a dicut equals the maximum number of disjoint dijoins that can be found in the graph (a packing of dijoins).
Partial results
It is a folklore result that the theorem is true for directed graphs whose minimum dicut has two edges. Any instance of the problem can be reduced to a directed acyclic graph by taking the condensation of the instance, a graph formed by contracting each strongly connected component to a single vertex. Another class of graphs for which the theorem has been proven true are the directed acyclic graphs in which every source vertex (a vertex without incoming edges) has a path to every sink vertex (a vertex without outgoing edges).
Related results
A fractional weighted version of the conjecture, posed by Jack Edmonds and Rick Giles, was refuted by Alexander Schrijver. In the other direction, the Lucchesi–Younger theorem states that the minimum size of a dijoin equals the maximum number of disjoint dicuts that can be found in a given graph.
References
External links
Directed graphs
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucchesi%E2%80%93Younger%20theorem
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In the mathematics of directed graphs, the Lucchesi–Younger theorem is a relationship between dicuts and dijoins. It was published by Cláudio L. Lucchesi and Daniel H. Younger in 1978. Their proof resolved a conjecture that had been posed roughly a decade earlier by Younger, and in unpublished work by Neil Robertson, motivated by the duality in planar graphs between dijoins and feedback arc sets.
A dicut is a partition of the vertices into two subsets such that all edges that cross the partition do so in the same direction. A dijoin is a subset of edges that, when contracted, produces a strongly connected graph; equivalently, it is a subset of edges that includes at least one edge from each dicut.
If a collection of dicuts are all disjoint, any dijoin must have at least one edge from each of these dicuts, and must have size at least equal to the size of the collection. Therefore, the maximum number of disjoint dicuts in any graph must be less than or equal to the minimum size of a dijoin. The Lucchesi–Younger theorem states that this relation is always an equality. The minimum size of a dijoin equals the maximum number of disjoint dicuts that can be found in a given graph.
References
Directed graphs
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dijoin
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In mathematics, a dijoin is a subset of the edges of a directed graph, with the property that contracting every edge in the dijoin produces a strongly connected graph. Equivalently, a dijoin is a subset of the edges that, for every dicut, includes at least one edge crossing the dicut. Here, a dicut is a partition of the vertices into two subsets, so that each edge that has an endpoint in both subsets is directed from the first subset to the second.
Woodall's conjecture, an unsolved problem in this area, states that in any directed graph the minimum number of edges in a dicut (the unweighted minimum closure) equals the maximum number of disjoint dijoins that can be found in the graph (a packing of dijoins). A fractional weighted version of the conjecture, posed by Jack Edmonds and Rick Giles, was refuted by Alexander Schrijver.
The Lucchesi–Younger theorem states that the minimum size of a dijoin, in any given directed graph, equals the maximum number of disjoint dicuts that can be found in the graph. The minimum weight dijoin in a weighted graph can be found in polynomial time, and is a special case of the submodular flow problem.
In planar graphs, dijoins and feedback arc sets are dual concepts. The dual graph of a directed graph, embedded in the plane, is a graph with a vertex for each face of the given graph, and a dual edge between two dual vertices when the corresponding two faces are separated by an edge. Each dual edge crosses one of the original graph edges, turned by 90° clockwise. A feedback arc set is a subset of the edges that includes at least one edge from every directed cycle. For a dijoin in the given graph, the corresponding set of edges forms a directed cut in the dual graph, and vice versa. This relationship between these two problems allows the feedback arc set problem to be solved efficiently for planar graphs, even though it is NP-hard for other types of graphs.
References
Directed graphs
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20corn%20production%20statistics
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The following are international Maize (corn) production statistics
The quantities of corn (maize, Zea mays) in the following table are in million metric tonnes (m STs, m LTs). All countries with a typical production quantity of at least are listed below.
References
Corn
Corn
Corn
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyle%20Norman%20Long
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Lyle Norman Long is an academic, and computational scientist. He is a Professor Emeritus of Computational Science, Mathematics, and Engineering at The Pennsylvania State University, and is most known for developing algorithms and software for mathematical models, including neural networks, and robotics. His research has been focused in the fields of computational science, computational neuroscience, cognitive robotics, parallel computing, and software engineering.
Long is a Fellow of the American Physical Society (APS), and the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA). From 2015 till 2018, he held an appointment as an Associate Editor of IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems (TNNLS). He is the founding editor-in-chief of the Journal of Aerospace Information Systems, and also created and directed the Computational Science Graduate Minor program at the Penn State University.
Education
Long graduated with a Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering with Distinction from the University of Minnesota in 1976. Subsequently, he received Master of Science degree in Aeronautics and Astronautics from Stanford University in 1978. He also holds a Doctor of Science degree from George Washington University. His thesis is titled, "The Compressible Aerodynamics of Rotating Blades using an Acoustic Formulation", which he completed under the supervision of F. Farassat, and M. K. Myers.
Career
During his academic tenure, Long has served at NASA Ames Research Center based in California, and NASA Langley Research Center in Virginia as a research assistant between 1978 and 1983. He has held numerous additional appointments as a visiting scientist at the Army Research Lab, Thinking Machines Corporation, and NASA Langley Research Center. He was also the Gordon Moore Distinguished Scholar at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) from 2007 till 2008. He is currently a professor emeritus of computational science, mathematics, and engineering at The Pennsylvania State University.
Long has supervised and advised 19 Ph.D. students. In addition to that, he has served as a senior aerodynamics engineer at Lockheed California Company, and also held appointment as a senior research scientist at the Lockheed Aeronautical Systems Company from 1983 to 1989.
Research
Long has over 260 publications under his name including journals and conference papers. His research works are focused on various aspects of applied mathematics, and computational science with a particular emphasis on computational fluid dynamics, modernizing STEM education, artificial intelligence, rarefied gas dynamics, and parallel computing. He showed in many research studies that the object oriented approach of C++ is extremely powerful compared to obsolete approaches such as those using the FORTRAN programming language.
Computational fluid dynamics and massively parallel computers
Long has extensively focused his research on computational science particularly computatio
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert%20G.%20Howson
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Albert Geoffrey Howson (1931 – 1 November 2022) was a British mathematician and educationist.
He started to work as algebraist and in 1954 published the Howson property of groups and proved it for some types of groups.
Later he devoted himself to the mathematics education and participated in reforms of mathematics education in the Great Britain and internationally.
He was the editor-in-chief and chairman of Trustees of the School Mathematics Project in Great Britain and was involved in many other national and international projects.
He worked at University of Southampton as head of the Department of Mathematics and Dean of the Faculty of Mathematical Studies and served as president of the Mathematical Association of Great Britain, and two terms as Secretary of the International Commission on Mathematical Instruction.
Howson died on 1 November 2022, aged 91.
References
British mathematicians
1931 births
2022 deaths
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugenia%20O%27Reilly-Regueiro
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Eugenia O'Reilly-Regueiro is a Mexican mathematician specializing in algebraic combinatorics and particular in the symmetries of combinatorial designs, circulant graphs, and abstract polytopes. She is a researcher in the Institute of Mathematics of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM).
Education and career
O'Reilly-Regueiro is originally from Mexico City. She was a mathematics student at UNAM, graduating in 1995. For the next two years she continued to work at UNAM as an assistant in the mathematics department of the Faculty of Chemistry, while studying harpsichord at UNAM's , working there with musician Luisa Durón.
Next, with a scholarship from the UNAM Dirección General de Asuntos del Personal Académico (DGAPA), she traveled to England for graduate study at Imperial College London, at that time part of the University of London system. She completed her PhD in 2003. Her dissertation, Flag-Transitive Symmetric Designs, was supervised by Martin Liebeck.
On completing her doctorate, she returned to UNAM as a researcher for the Institute of Mathematics.
Recognition
O'Reilly-Regueiro was elected to the Mexican Academy of Sciences in 2022.
References
External links
Home page
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Mexican mathematicians
Mexican women mathematicians
Combinatorialists
Members of the Mexican Academy of Sciences
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janez%20Rakovec
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Janez Rakovec (April 22, 1949 – October 19, 2008) was a Slovenian mathematician.
His principal field of work was topology, mainly 3-manifolds. He worked at the Mathematics Department of the Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Ljubljana; in 1992 he was retired early. His bibliography comprises 73 units.
Life and work
Rakovec was born in Ljubljana to Eva Marija Rakovec, née Štalec, a housewife and to academician Ivan Rakovec, a geologist and paleontologist. He was their only child. After elementary school and high school in Ljubljana, where he graduated in 1968, he enrolled in the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology at the University of Ljubljana. In 1972, under the supervision of Jože Vrabec, he graduated from the Mathematics department with the thesis Polyhedral Schoenflies theorem in three-dimensional Euclidean space and received the student Prešeren Prize for this work. In 1975, after completing his post-graduate study in functional analysis, he obtained his master's degree from the same supervisor with the thesis Existence of homeomorphisms between 3-manifolds. In 1979, he obtained his doctorate with the dissertation Surface groups in 3-manifold groups. This time the mentor was Wolfgang H. Heil, visiting professor from the Florida State University.
From October 1971, Rakovec was a demonstrator at the Mathematics department of the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology (FNT), and from January 1973 he was employed there full-time as an assistant. Since 1980, he was an assistant professor of mathematical analysis and topology. He taught Set theory and Fundamentals of topology to the students of mathematics, and Mathematics I and Mathematics II to students of pharmacy, textile technology, biology and other majors at the Biotechnical Faculty in Ljubljana.
His basic field was topology, especially 3-manifolds. Besides his work at the University of Ljubljana he also taught at the mathematical seminars of the Society of Mathematicians, Physicists and Astronomers of Slovenia and training courses of the National Education Institute [Zavod Republike Slovenije za šolstvo]. He published two books: Basic Concepts of Topology (1980) and Mathematical Structures. Examples and Solved Problems (1983).
Later years and death
In 1992, he had to stop working, also due to poor health and the consequences of an illness from his youth. After the death of his parents, he spent his last years in the Home of Mary and Martha in Logatec.
Selected works
Osnovni pojmi topologije [Basic concepts of topology]. Državna založba Slovenije, Ljubljana 1980, 248 pp.
A theorem about almost sufficiently large 3-manifolds, Glasnik matematički. Series 3, 1981, vol. 16(36), no. 1, p. 151-156
Surface groups in 3-manifold groups (with W. Heil), In: RASSIAS, George M. (ed.). Algebraic and differential topology : global differential geometry. Leipzig: B. G. Teubner, cop. 1984. p. 101-133
References
See also
List of Slovenian mathematicians
194
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nizar%20Touzi
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Nizar Touzi (born 1968 in Tunisia) is a Tunisian-French mathematician. He is a professor of applied mathematics at École polytechnique. His research focuses on analysis, statistics and algebra. He is being known for publications on optimization and stochastic control.
Education
Touzi completed his PhD in Applied Mathematics at the Paris Dauphine University under Éric Michel Renault in January 1994. He began his post-doctoral studies at the University of Chicago, doing such from October 1993 to May 1994. After this, he had an HDR at his alma mater, Paris Dauphine University, in January 1999.
Career
Touzi began his academic career as an assistant professor at this same institution in September 1994. He worked there for five years before becoming a professor of applied mathematics at Pantheone-Sorbonne University in Paris in September 1999.
Touzi’s most cited work, Applications of Malliavin Calculus to Monte Carlo Methods in Finance, was published right before this career change in August 1999. In 2001, Touzi transitioned to the Center for Research in Economics and Statistics to continue teaching applied mathematics. Along with teaching, he also co-led the Finance and Insurance Laboratory at CREST. Between 2001 and 2005, Touzi was an invited professor at multiple institutions, including the University of British Columbia, Princeton University, and the Center for Interuniversity Research and Analysis of Organizations.
In September 2005, Touzi accepted a new position as the Chair in Mathematical Finance at the Tanaka Business School of Imperial College London. He worked at the Tanaka Business School for almost a year before holding his most recent and current position as a professor of applied mathematics at École polytechnique. He was also the head of the Department of Applied Mathematics at École polytechnique from September 2014 to August 2017.
Research
Touzi's most cited paper, Applications of Malliavin Calculus to Monte Carlo methods in finance, co-authored by Eric Fournié, Jean-Michel Lasry, Jérôme Lebuchoux and Pierre-Louis Lions, describes an original probabilistic method to compute option contract Greeks: delta, gamma, theta, and vega. The method is derived from the formula for integration-by-parts and uses principles from Malliavin calculus. Their approach, when computed on standard European option contracts and compared to results yielded from the Monte Carlo method, happens to be more efficient. This paper had a significant impact in the world of mathematical finance, as previous option contract pricing models were based around the Black-Scholes model and Monte Carlo simulations.
Awards
Best Young Researcher in Finance Award 2007 of the Europlace Institute of Finance.
The University of Toronto Dean’s Distinguished Visitor Chair, Fields Institute, April-June 2010.
Invited Session Speaker at the International Congress of Mathematics, August 2010, Hyderabad (India).
ERC Advanced Grant 2012.
French Academy of Science Bachelier P
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han%20Yong-gi
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is a Japanese footballer of North Korean descent.
Personal life
He is the younger brother of fellow professional footballer Han Yong-thae.
Career statistics
Club
.
Notes
References
2000 births
Living people
Association football people from Tokyo
Korea University alumni
North Korean men's footballers
Japanese men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
J3 League players
YSCC Yokohama players
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Major%20League%20Baseball%20career%20double%20plays%20as%20a%20catcher%20leaders
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In baseball statistics, a double play (denoted as DP) is the act of making two outs during the same continuous play. One double play is recorded for every defensive player who participates in the play, regardless of how many of the outs in which they were directly involved, and is counted in addition to whatever putouts and assists might also apply. Double plays can occur any time there is at least one baserunner and fewer than two outs. The catcher is a defensive position for a baseball or softball player. When a batter takes his/her turn to hit, the catcher crouches behind home plate, in front of the (home) umpire, and receives the ball from the pitcher. In addition to these primary duties, the catcher is also called upon to master many other skills to field the position well. The role of the catcher is similar to that of the wicket-keeper in cricket. In the numbering system used to record defensive plays, the catcher is assigned the number 2.
Catchers typically record double plays by throwing out a runner attempting to steal a base immediately after the batter has struck out, by tagging out a runner attempting to score a run after receiving a throw from an outfielder on an attempted sacrifice fly, by stepping on home plate to force out a runner with the bases loaded and then throwing out another runner (often the batter trying to reach first base), or by tagging out a runner attempting to score after an out has been recorded at another base. Double plays are also occasionally recorded when a rundown play is involved, almost always as the second out. On August 2, 1985, Carlton Fisk of the Chicago White Sox recorded a double play by tagging out two New York Yankees moments apart at home plate when both tried to score on a double. The feat was duplicated by Paul Lo Duca of the New York Mets in Game 1 of the 2006 National League Division Series against the Los Angeles Dodgers.
Many of the career leaders were active during baseball's dead-ball era when runners made more aggressive attempts to advance around the bases in risky situations; 13 of the top 18 single-season totals, and 28 of the top 37, were recorded before 1928. Ray Schalk holds the record for the most career double plays by a catcher with 222. Steve O'Neill is second with 198; only seven other catchers have recorded 150 career double plays.
Key
List
Stats updated as of September 30, 2023.
Other Hall of Famers
Notes
References
External links
Major League Baseball statistics
Double plays as a catcher
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobi%20bound%20problem
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The Jacobi Bound Problem concerns the veracity of Jacobi's inequality which is an inequality on the absolute dimension of a differential algebraic variety in terms of its defining equations.
The inequality is the differential algebraic analog of Bezout's theorem in affine space.
Although first formulated by Jacobi, In 1936 Joseph Ritt recognized the problem as non-rigorous in that Jacobi didn't even have a rigorous notion of absolute dimension (Jacobi and Ritt used the term "order" - which Ritt first gave a rigorous definition for using the notion of transcendence degree).
Intuitively, the absolute dimension is the number of constants of integration required to specify a solution of a system of ordinary differential equations.
A mathematical proof of the inequality has been open since 1936.
Statement
Let be a differential field of characteristic zero and consider a differential algebraic variety determined by the vanishing of differential polynomials .
If is an irreducible component of of finite absolute dimension then
In the above display is the *jacobi number*.
It is defined to be
.
References
Unsolved problems in mathematics
Differential algebra
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indigenous%20statistics
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Indigenous statistics is a quantitative research method specific to Indigenous people. It can be better understood as an Indigenous quantitative methodology. Indigenous quantitative methodologies include practices, processes, and research that are done through an Indigenous lens.
The purpose of indigenous statistics is to diminish the disparities and inequalities faced by Indigenous people globally. Statistics are a reliable source of data, which can be used in the present and future. This is a relatively new concept in the research world. Statistics are the collection of quantitative data that is used to interpret and present data. Indigenous refers to an ethnic group of people who are the earliest inhabitants or native to that land. Connecting these two terms, researchers aim to provide fair and reliable data on Indigenous communities. By focusing on three central themes, which are situated in entering research through a solely Indigenous lens. The cultural framework of data, quantitative methodologies in data, and the situated activity amongst academic research.
Background
Statistics
Statistics are a collection of quantitative data. Statistics are how data is interpreted and presented. Statistics interpret our reality and influence the understanding of societies. The purpose of Indigenous statistics is to have Indigenous people collect their own data in a fashion they find best suitable for their community. This is done by Indigenous researchers, or through the perspective of Indigenous communities. Statistics, in turn, provide information used to determine theoretical and practical development and produce the notion of open data. Indigenous statistics aims to make statistics a source of reliable information regarding Indigenous societies.
Indigenous people
Indigenous Peoples is a term used to define people with ancestral origins in the land they inhabit. Indigenous peoples are the earliest known inhabitants of the land they inhabit.
Concerns with open data
Open data is making statistics available to the public. The data should be easily accessible, and this is often done through a web portal. Scholars have criticized the way open data is collected today. For instance, some have said that open data is not politically or economically benign. Others have made critiques regarding elements of open data that are not as honest as they first appear, thereby affecting certain people differently. The key concern is whether or not these initiatives bring forth value, impact, transparency, participation and foster economic development. Many of the critiques of open data are not to abandon the movement but to find more sustainable ways that are equitable and transparent for all. For example, open data has not always been the fairest to Indigenous populations. Open data may lead to data being used to perform misleading and prejudicial work or put non-Indigenous services managing Indigenous relations that misrepresent them due to cultural assumption
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataullah%20Rashidi
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'Ataullah Rushdi bin Ahmad Ma'mar was a 17th-century architect and a mathematics writer from the Mughal Empire of present-day India. He designed the Bibi Ka Maqbara at Aurangabad and some buildings at Shahjahanabad. As a mathematics writer, he translated the Arabic-language Khulasat al-Hisab and the Sanskrit-language Bijaganita into Persian.
Biography
Ataullah was the eldest son of Ahmad Ma'mar Lahori, the architect of Taj Mahal. He had two younger brothers, Lutfullah Muhandis and Nurullah, who were also involved in architecture.
Ataullah designed the buildings for emperor Shah Jahan's' new capital, Shahjahanabad. The only design attributed solely to him is that of Bibi Ka Maqbara, the mausoleum of Aurangzeb's wife Dilras Banu Begum, completed in 1660-1661.
Makramat Khan, a collaborator of his father, trained Ataullah in arithmetic, geometry, and astronomy. His younger brother Luftullah was also a famous mathematician. Ataullah wrote two works on mathematics in Persian language:
Khulāṣat-ul Rāz or Khulasah-i-Raz ("Essence of Mystery [of Arithmetic]") is a book on arithmetic, algebra and mensuration. It is an abridged translation of Baha' al-din al-'Amili's Arabic language book Khulasat al-Hisab, which was used as a textbook in madrasas of medieval India. The author wrote the book in verse form, and dedicated it to the Mughal prince Dara Shikoh.
Tarjuma'-i Bījganit or Tarjamah i Bij ganit (1044 AH / 1634-1635 CE) is a translation of Bhaskara II's Sasnkrit language book Bijaganita. The author praised Bhaskara as "a discoverer of wonderful truth and nice subtleties" and dedicated the book to the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan. Edward Strachey's English translation of the Ataullah's book was published in London in 1813. Manuscripts of this work are available at Banaras Hindu University, Madrasa Darul Ulum (Deoband), Raza Library (Rampur), Saidiyah Library (Hyderabad), Osmania University Library (Hyderabad), Madarasa Nadwatul Ulama, Madrasatul Waizeen, British Museum, India Office (London).
Notes
References
Mathematics writers
17th-century Indian mathematicians
17th-century Persian-language writers
Mughal Empire people
Punjabi architects
17th-century Indian architects
Architects from the Mughal Empire
Arabic–Persian translators
Sanskrit–Persian translators
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Major%20League%20Baseball%20career%20double%20plays%20as%20a%20first%20baseman%20leaders
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In baseball statistics, a double play (denoted as DP) is the act of making two outs during the same continuous play. One double play is recorded for every defensive player who participates in the play, regardless of how many of the outs in which they were directly involved, and is counted in addition to whatever putouts and assists might also apply. Double plays can occur any time there is at least one baserunner and fewer than two outs.
Most of the career leaders are relatively recent players who have benefitted from improved infield defense, with equipment of better quality; 10 of the top 13 players made their major league debut after 1970. Longer careers have compensated for the fact that as strikeout totals have risen in baseball, the frequency of other defensive outs including ground outs has declined, with double play totals for first basemen likewise declining; 16 of the top 20 single-season totals were recorded between 1944 and 1980. Because a right-handed first baseman needs to turn their body before throwing across the infield, left-handed first basemen are often preferred for defensive purposes; 14 of the top 21 career double-play leaders are left-handed. Mickey Vernon holds the record for the most career double plays by a first baseman with 2,044. Eddie Murray (2,033) and Todd Helton (2,028) are the only other first basemen who have recorded 2,000 career double plays.
Key
List
Stats updated as of September 30, 2023.
Other Hall of Famers
Notes
References
External links
Major League Baseball statistics
Double plays as a first baseman
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transition-rate%20matrix
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In probability theory, a transition-rate matrix (also known as a Q-matrix, intensity matrix, or infinitesimal generator matrix) is an array of numbers describing the instantaneous rate at which a continuous-time Markov chain transitions between states.
In a transition-rate matrix (sometimes written ), element (for ) denotes the rate departing from and arriving in state . The rates , and the diagonal elements are defined such that
,
and therefore the rows of the matrix sum to zero.
Up to a global sign, a large class of examples of such matrices is provided by the Laplacian of a directed, weighted graph. The vertices of the graph correspond to the Markov chain's states.
Properties
The transition-rate matrix has following properties:
There is at least one eigenvector with a vanishing eigenvalue, exactly one if the graph of is strongly connected.
All other eigenvalues fulfill .
All eigenvectors with a non-zero eigenvalue fulfill .
Example
An M/M/1 queue, a model which counts the number of jobs in a queueing system with arrivals at rate λ and services at rate μ, has transition-rate matrix
See also
Stochastic matrix
References
Markov processes
Matrices
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20AFC%20Bournemouth%20records%20and%20statistics
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Club records
The following are club records since its establishment in 1899.
Only competitive, professional matches, as of November 2023
Players in bold still play for the club
Most appearances
Top goalscorers
Transfers
Record transfer fees paid
Record transfer fees received
References
Records
English football club statistics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diversity%20%28mathematics%29
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In mathematics, a diversity is a generalization of the concept of metric space. The concept was introduced in 2012 by Bryant and Tupper,
who call diversities "a form of multi-way metric". The concept finds application in nonlinear analysis.
Given a set , let be the set of finite subsets of .
A diversity is a pair consisting of a set and a function satisfying
(D1) , with if and only if
and
(D2) if then .
Bryant and Tupper observe that these axioms imply monotonicity; that is, if , then . They state that the term "diversity" comes from the appearance of a special case of their definition in work on phylogenetic and ecological diversities. They give the following examples:
Diameter diversity
Let be a metric space. Setting for all defines a diversity.
diversity
For all finite if we define then is a diversity.
Phylogenetic diversity
If T is a phylogenetic tree with taxon set X. For each finite , define
as the length of the smallest subtree of T connecting taxa in A. Then is a (phylogenetic) diversity.
Steiner diversity
Let be a metric space. For each finite , let denote
the minimum length of a Steiner tree within X connecting elements in A. Then is a
diversity.
Truncated diversity
Let be a diversity. For all define
. Then if , is a diversity.
Clique diversity
If is a graph, and is defined for any finite A as the largest clique of A, then is a diversity.
References
Metric spaces
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van%20den%20Berg%E2%80%93Kesten%20inequality
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In probability theory, the van den Berg–Kesten (BK) inequality or van den Berg–Kesten–Reimer (BKR) inequality states that the probability for two random events to both happen, and at the same time one can find "disjoint certificates" to show that they both happen, is at most the product of their individual probabilities. The special case for two monotone events (the notion as used in the FKG inequality) was first proved by van den Berg and Kesten in 1985, who also conjectured that the inequality holds in general, not requiring monotonicity. later proved this conjecture. The inequality is applied to probability spaces with a product structure, such as in percolation problems.
Statement
Let be probability spaces, each of finitely many elements. The inequality applies to spaces of the form , equipped with the product measure, so that each element is given the probability
For two events , their disjoint occurrence is defined as the event consisting of configurations whose memberships in and in can be verified on disjoint subsets of indices. Formally, if there exist subsets such that:
for all that agrees with on (in other words, ), is also in and
similarly every that agrees with on is in
The inequality asserts that:
for every pair of events and
Examples
Coin tosses
If corresponds to tossing a fair coin times, then each consists of the two possible outcomes, heads or tails, with equal probability. Consider the event that there exists 3 consecutive heads, and the event that there are at least 5 heads in total. Then would be the following event: there are 3 consecutive heads, and discarding those there are another 5 heads remaining. This event has probability at most which is to say the probability of getting in 10 tosses, and getting in another 10 tosses, independent of each other.
Numerically, and their disjoint occurrence would imply at least 8 heads, so
Percolation
In (Bernoulli) bond percolation of a graph, the 's are indexed by edges. Each edge is kept (or "open") with some probability or otherwise removed (or "closed"), independent of other edges, and one studies questions about the connectivity of the remaining graph, for example the event that there is a path between two vertices and using only open edges. For events of such form, the disjoint occurrence is the event where there exist two open paths not sharing any edges (corresponding to the subsets and in the definition), such that the first one providing the connection required by and the second for
The inequality can be used to prove a version of the exponential decay phenomenon in the subcritical regime, namely that on the integer lattice graph for a suitably defined critical probability, the radius of the connected component containing the origin obeys a distribution with exponentially small tails:
for some constant depending on Here consists of vertices that satisfies
Extensions
Multiple events
When there are three or more
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy%20Blachman
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Nancy Blachman (born 1956 in Palo Alto, CA) is an American educator, supporter of recreational mathematics and mathematical outreach, software book author, and supporter of indie documentary films. In 2007, she founded the Julia Robinson Mathematics Festival (JRMF), which has grown into a successful math enrichment enterprise for teenagers in the USA and beyond. She is a former chair of Gathering 4 Gardner and is still an active board member. She is currently Chair of the Advisory Board of Berkeley’s Industrial Engineering and Operations Research Department (IEOR).
Education and career
Nancy Blachman was born in 1956 in Palo Alto, California, her father Nelson being an electrical engineer. The family spent some time living in Spain in the 1960s, and Nancy's interest in mathematics began during high school back in Palo Alto when she took a course based on George Polya's
Mathematics and Plausible Reasoning. She was also inspired by the mathematics contest produced by Saint Mary's College of California then popular with secondary schools throughout the San Francisco Bay Area.
Blachman did undergraduate work at University of California, San Diego (1974 to 1976), got honours B.Sc. in applied mathematics from the University of Birmingham in the UK (1978), an M.S. in operations research from University of California, Berkeley (1979) and an M.S. in computer science at Stanford University (1988).
She taught a course in problem solving with Mathematica at Stanford from 1990 to 1997.
In 2004 she created Google Guide, an online interactive tutorial and reference about the capabilities of Google.
In 2005 while attending an education forum that promoted STEM [Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math] she remembered how the Saint Mary's College Mathematics Contest had inspired her as a student. Working with Joshua Zucker and Jim Sotiros she decided to revive the structure and spirit of this long defunct competition. This led to the founding of the Julia Robinson Mathematics Festival in 2007. JRMF events now occur throughout the United States and have reached more than 100,000 students worldwide.
Blachman has been a board member of Gathering 4 Gardner since 2008 and served as its chair from 2012 to 2020.
She is currently the president and founder of Variable Symbols, a company that provides training, books, and tools to make complex software easier to use.
She has co-produced over a dozen indie films and documentaries, including The Price (2017), The Infiltrators (2019), and Eddy's World (2020).
Personal life
On January 1, 1999, she married David desJardins. They have two children, Sarah and Louis.
Books
The Mathematica Graphics Guidebook, by Cameron Smith and Nancy Blachman, Addison Wesley (1995),
Mathematica: A Practical Approach, by Nancy Blachman and Colin Williams, Prentice-Hall (1993)
Mathematica quick reference, version 2, by Nancy Blachman, Addison-wesley (1992),
Maple V Quick Reference, by N. Blachman and M. Mossinghoff, Brooks/Cole
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Major%20League%20Baseball%20career%20double%20plays%20as%20a%20second%20baseman%20leaders
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In baseball statistics, a double play (denoted as DP) is the act of making two outs during the same continuous play. One double play is recorded for every defensive player who participates in the play, regardless of how many of the outs in which they were directly involved, and is counted in addition to whatever putouts and assists might also apply. Double plays can occur any time there is at least one baserunner and fewer than two outs. In baseball and softball, the second baseman is a fielding position in the infield, commonly stationed between second and first base. The second baseman often possesses quick hands and feet, needs the ability to get rid of the ball quickly, and must be able to make the pivot on a double play. In addition, second basemen are almost always right-handed. Only four left-handed throwing players have appeared as second basemen in the major leagues since 1950; one of the four, Gonzalo Márquez, was listed as the second baseman in the starting lineup for two games in 1973, batting in the first inning, but was replaced before his team took the field on defense, and none of the other three players lasted even a complete inning at the position. In the numbering system used to record defensive plays, the second baseman is assigned the number 4.
Second basemen typically record a double play by receiving a throw from another player to force out the runner advancing to second base, then throwing to first base to retire the batter/runner, or by fielding a ground ball and then either throwing to the shortstop covering second base or stepping on the base themselves before the throw to first base is made. Second basemen generally benefit in this respect from playing alongside an excellent shortstop with great range and quickness; strong middle infields are regarded as crucial to a team's defensive play, and double play totals are regarded as a strong indicator of their defensive skill. Double plays are also recorded when the second baseman catches a line drive, then throws to a base before the runner can tag up, or another infielder or the pitcher catches the line drive and then throws to the second baseman in the same situation; on occasion, the throw might come from an outfielder after an unexpected catch of a fly ball. Other double plays occur when the second baseman records an out at second base, then throws out a runner attempting to advance on the basepaths, or on a double steal attempt in which the catcher throws out a runner attempting to steal second base, and the second baseman throws back to the catcher to retire a runner trying to steal home. Double plays are also occasionally recorded when a rundown play is involved, almost always as the second out. Because of the high number of ground outs, second basemen and shortstops typically record far more double plays than players at any other position except first base.
Most of the career leaders are relatively recent players who have benefitted from improved infield defense,
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellmut%20Fischmeister
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Hellmut Friedrich Fischmeister (14 May 1927 – 6 November 2019) was an Austrian metallurgist who was a pioneer in powder metallurgy.
Education and career
Fischmeister studied physics, mathematics, and chemistry at the University of Graz from 1945 to 1951 and received his doctorate in physical chemistry with Otto Kratky in 1951. From 1953, he was a research assistant at the Institute of Inorganic Chemistry at Uppsala University. In 1956, he became head of the Physics and Materials groups at the Development Laboratory of LM Ericsson in Stockholm. From 1958, he led the Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy at the Swedish Institute for Metals Research (Institutet för Metallforskning) in Stockholm. In 1961, he qualified as a university lecturer at Uppsala University in the field of general and inorganic chemistry. From 1961, he headed the research department for cemented carbides at the stainless steel works of Stora Kopparbergs Bergslags AB in Söderfors, subsequently leading the entire research, development, and quality assurance of the stainless steel works in Söderfors (today Erasteel Kloster AB and Söderfors Steel AB).
In 1965, Fischmeister accepted a call to the chair and head of the Institute of Metallic Materials at Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg. In 1975, he was appointed chair and head of the Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Testing at the University of Leoben. In 1981, he became a scientific member of the Max Planck Society and director of the Institute of Materials Sciences at the Max Planck Institute for Metals Research in Stuttgart (now the Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems). In addition to his leadership role at the Max Planck Institute for Metals Research, he was also the founding director of the Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics in Halle (Saale) from 1991 to 1993. In 1995, he retired from the Max Planck Institute for Metals Research.
Fischmeister was a member of the Austrian Universities' Board of Trustees (Universitätenkuratorium) from 1993 till 2003 and was a member of the Austrian Science Council (Wissenschaftsrat) from 2004 to 2009.
Honors and awards
Hellmut Fischmeister was elected as a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences in 1975. In 1981, he was elected as a corresponding member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences and was a member of the Academia Europaea since 1989. In 1995, he became a full member of the mathematical-natural sciences class of the Austrian Academy of Sciences.
1969: Knight of the Royal Order of the North Star
1991: Honorary doctorate from the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm
1992: Honorary doctorate from Graz University of Technology
1997: Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany, Cross of Merit 1st Class
2007: Honorary doctorate from the University of Leoben
2010: Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art, 1st class
2010: Honorary member of the German Materials Society (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Materialk
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Census%20in%20Indonesia
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Censuses in Indonesia are censuses of Indonesia's population, agriculture, and economy conducted by Statistics Indonesia. The first census after independence was held in 1961.
Legal basis
Law No. 16 of 1997 on Statistics governs the census in Indonesia. The law mandates that three types of censuses be held at least every ten years: a population census, an agricultural census, and an economic census. These censuses are administered by Statistics Indonesia (), a government agency directly responsible to the President of Indonesia. Government Ordinance No. 51 of 1999 on Statistical Administration further stipulates that population censuses are held on years ending with zero, agricultural censuses are held on years ending with three, and economic censuses are held on years ending with six.
History
Rulers throughout Indonesia's history mostly used censuses for taxation purposes. This association and the counting of households rather than individuals in earlier censuses make their figures highly unreliable.
Censuses in the colonial period
Sebastiaan Cornelis Nederburgh, the former Commissioner-General of the Dutch Cape Colony, organized the first formal census of Java in 1795. Between 1880 and 1905, the Dutch East Indies conducted partial population counts every five years, with most of the data being limited to Java. This was later followed by full censuses in 1920 and 1930. A third full census was planned for 1940 but was cancelled because of Japanese occupation of the Indies during World War II.
Population census
After gaining independence, Indonesia did not hold its first census until 1961. The census was incomplete, however, and many of the detailed results have been lost.
Agricultural census
Economic census
References
Citations
Statutes and regulations
Bibliography
External links
Census web portal by Statistics Indonesia
Censuses in Indonesia
Demographics of Indonesia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black%20Mathematicians%20and%20Their%20Works
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Black Mathematicians and Their Works is an edited volume of works in and about mathematics, by African-American mathematicians. It was edited by Virginia Newell, Joella Gipson, L. Waldo Rich, and Beauregard Stubblefield, with a foreword by Wade Ellis, and published in 1980 by Dorrance & Company.
The Basic Library List Committee of the Mathematical Association of America has recommended its inclusion in undergraduate mathematics libraries.
Contents
The book celebrates the achievements of black mathematicians and also records their struggle against racism. It includes reprints of 23 papers of mathematics research and three more on mathematics education, by black mathematicians. It provides brief biographies and photographs of 62 black mathematicians, all long-established at the time of publication (having doctorates prior to 1973). It also reproduces several letters by Lee Lorch documenting racist behavior in mathematical societies, such as exclusion from conferences and their associated social gatherings. An appendix lists universities that have worked with black mathematicians, by the number of doctorates conferred and the number of faculty hired.
As well as two of the editors (Gipson and Stubblefield), the authors whose works are reproduced in the book include
Albert Turner Bharucha-Reid,
David Blackwell,
Lillian K. Bradley,
Marjorie Lee Browne,
Edward M. Carroll,
William Schieffelin Claytor,
Vivienne Malone-Mayes,
Clarence F. Stephens,
Walter Richard Talbot, and
J. Ernest Wilkins Jr.
Reception
Black Mathematicians and Their Works was the first book to collect the works of black mathematicians, and 40 years after its publication it remained the only such book. By demonstrating the successes of black mathematicians, it aimed to counter the then-current opinion that black people could not do mathematics, and provide encouragement to young black future mathematicians.
Edray Herber Goins has named this book as his "mathematical comfort food", writing:
References
External links
Black Mathematicians and Their Works on the Internet Archive
Mathematics books
1980 non-fiction books
Books about African-American history
Edited volumes
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qi-Man%20Shao
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Qi-Man Shao (; born 1962) is a Chinese probabilist and statistician mostly known for his contributions to asymptotic theory in probability and statistics. He is currently a Chair Professor of Statistics and Data Science at the Southern University of Science and Technology.
Biography
He earned a bachelor's degree in Mathematics and a master's degree in Statistics & Probability from Hangzhou University (now Zhejiang University) in 1983 and 1986, respectively. He went to graduate school at the University of Science and Technology of China and received a Ph.D. degree in Statistics & Probability in 1989. He spent four years as lecturer and then associate professor at Hangzhou University from 1986 to 1990. In July 1990, he joined Carleton University, Canada as a visiting research fellow, working with Csörgő Miklós. From September 1991 to August 1992, he worked as a Taft Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Cincinnati. He joined the National University of Singapore as a lecturer in 1992, and later become a senior lecturer.
He joined the University of Oregon as an assistant professor in 1996, and was later promoted to associate professor and professor. From 2005 to 2012, he was a professor and Chair Professor at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. In 2012, he moved to the Chinese University of Hong Kong, where he served as Department Chair from 2013 to 2018 and became the Choh-Ming Li Professor of Statistics in 2015. Starting March 2019, he moved to the Southern University of Science and Technology, as a Chair Professor and the Founding Chairman of the Department of Statistics and Data Science.
His research interests include asymptotic theory in probability and statistics, self-normalized limit theory, Stein’s method, high-dimensional and large-scale statistical analysis. He is particularly well-known for his fundamental contributions to self-normalized large and moderate deviation theories, Stein’s method for normal and non-normal approximation, and the development of various probability inequalities for dependent random variables. He authored and co-authored over 180 articles on probability and statistics, and co-authored three well-known books (Monte Carlo Methods in Bayesian Computation (2000), Self-normalized Processes: Limit Theory and Statistical Applications (2009), and Normal Approximation by Stein’s Method (2011)).
Honors and awards
Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation Award, 1989
The State Natural Science Award (the 3rd class), 1997 (Z.Y. Lin, C.R. Lu and Q.M. Shao)
Elected Fellow, the Institute of Mathematical Statistics, 2001
Invited speaker (45min) at the 2010 International Congress of Mathematicians
IMS Medallion Lecturer, Keynote Speaker at the 2011 Joint Statistical Meetings
Plenary speaker, 36th Conference on Stochastic Processes and Their Applications, 2013
Plenary speaker, IMS-China International Conference on Statistics and Probability, 2013
The State Natural Science Award (the 2nd class), 2015 (Q.-M.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Major%20League%20Baseball%20career%20double%20plays%20as%20a%20third%20baseman%20leaders
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In baseball statistics, a double play (denoted as DP) is the act of making two outs during the same continuous play. One double play is recorded for every defensive player who participates in the play, regardless of how many of the outs in which they were directly involved, and is counted in addition to whatever putouts and assists might also apply. Double plays can occur any time there is at least one baserunner and fewer than two outs.
Most of the career leaders are relatively recent players who have benefitted from improved infield defense, with equipment of better quality; only six of the top 25 players made their major league debut before 1966, none of them before 1944. Only seven of the top 84 single-season totals were recorded before 1949, and only two of the top 152 were recorded before 1918. Brooks Robinson holds the record for the most career double plays by a third baseman with 618.
Key
List
Stats updated as of September 30, 2023.
Other Hall of Famers
Notes
References
External links
Major League Baseball statistics
Double plays as a third baseman
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hannu%20Oja
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Hannu Frans Vilhelm Oja (born December 17, 1950, in Jämsä) is a Finnish mathematical statistician and biostatistician known for his contribution to nonparametric inference, robust statistics, and multivariate statistical methods. He introduced the Oja median for multivariate distributions.
Education and career
Oja was born in Jämsä and studied in high school in Tampere (Tampereen klassillinen lyseo). He received his MSc in statistics at the University of Tampere in 1973 and his doctorate in 1981 at the University of Oulu under the supervision of Elja Arjas. Oja stayed on at the University of Oulu as a lecturer after his PhD. He later moved to Jyväskylä University. He was professor of biometrics at University of Tampere's Department of Health Sciences and an academy professor at the university from 2008 to 2012. He's current a professor in mathematics at University of Turku.
Oja has done research especially in the field of nonparametric statistical methods. He has also conducted applied statistical research in the fields of biometrics, signal processing, machine learning, and nutrition and health sciences. Oja became a fellow of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics in 2009.
Bibliography
Books
Reviews
References
1950 births
People from Jämsä
University of Oulu alumni
Academic staff of the University of Oulu
Academic staff of the University of Jyväskylä
Academic staff of the University of Turku
Finnish statisticians
20th-century Finnish mathematicians
21st-century Finnish mathematicians
Mathematical statisticians
University of Tampere alumni
Academic staff of the University of Tampere
Biostatisticians
Fellows of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics
Living people
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietro%20Marchelli
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Pietro Marchelli (9 March 1806 - 29 October 1874) was an Italian architect active mainly around Reggio-Emilia.
Biography
Pietro was born in Reggio Emilia in 1806. He initially studied mathematics at the University of Modena, graduating in 1830. He dedicated himself to be an engineer and architect in his native Reggio, where his father and uncle had been court architects. Among his major works are the refurbishment of the Palazzo Ducale, The design of the Foro Boario, and design of the Synagogue of Reggio Emilia. He became professor of architecture at the School of Fine Arts of Reggio. He was made Cavaliere dell'Ordine del Cristo from Portugal.
Works
Palazzo del Capitano del Popolo (1829 restoration)
San Domenico (1833-1835 restoration)
Porta Castello (1836 restoration)
Ex-convent of Santa Caterina (1837 restoration)
Palazzo dell'Intendenza di Finanza (1839)
Palazzo Carmi (1839)
Palazzo della Dogana (1839 restoration)
Portico Teatro Ariosto (1839)
Palazzo Guicciardi (1840-1850 restoration)
Ricovero di Mendicità (1841 restoration)
Sistemazione dell'isolato Guasco (1842)
Palazzo Corbelli (1844, facade)
Palazzo Ducale (1839-1845 restoration)
Foro Boario (1845-1852)
San Francesco 1856-1857 restoration)
Synagogue of Reggio Emilia (1857-1858)
Palazzo dei Canonici (restoration)
Palazzo Rangone (restoration)
Palazzo Spalletti-Trivelli (restoration)
Sources
derived from Italian Wikipedia
Italian architects
People from Reggio Emilia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hooley%27s%20delta%20function
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In mathematics, Hooley's delta function (), also called Erdős--Hooley delta-function, defines the maximum number of divisors of in for all , where is the Euler's number. The first few terms of this sequence are
.
History
The sequence was first introduced by Paul Erdős in 1974, then studied by Christopher Hooley in 1979.
In 2023, Dimitris Koukoulopoulos and Terence Tao proved that the sum of the first terms, , for . In particular, the average order of to is for any .
Later in 2023 Kevin Ford, Koukoulopoulos, and Tao proved the lower bound , where , fixed , and .
Usage
This function measures the tendency of divisors of a number to cluster.
The growth of this sequence is limited by where is the number of divisors of .
See also
Divisor function
Euler's number
References
Divisor function
Arithmetic functions
Number theory
Integer sequences
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefano%20Bianchi
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Stefano Bianchi is an Italian astrophysicist who is currently an Associate Professor at the Mathematics and Physics Department of Università degli Studi Roma Tre in Rome, Italy. He is an INAF Associate and an IAU Member.
Education and career
Bianchi's research interests include different aspects of high-energy astrophysics, focusing on black holes, Active Galactic Nuclei, and X-ray Binaries. He is a member of the NASA/ASI IXPE Science Team and of the ESA XMM-Newton Users' Group. He is involved in the science definition of the future ESA missions Athena and LISA. He has translated three popular science books into Italian.
Main awards
"Città di Monselice" award for Scientific Translation (2007)
Memberships
European Space Agency XMM-Newton Users' Group (2019–present)
Review Editor for Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences
Editorial Board Member for Galaxies
Member of the IXPE Science Team
Member of the IAU
Books and articles
Bianchi has translated three popular science books into Italian.
Hans Christian von Baeyer, , traduzione di Stefano Bianchi, collana La Scienza Nuova, edizioni Dedalo, 2005, p. 296,
Tom Siegfried, L'Universo strano. Idee al confine dello spazio-tempo, traduzione di Stefano Bianchi, collana La Scienza Nuova, edizioni Dedalo, 2007, p. 352,
Dan Hooper, Il lato oscuro dell'universo. Dove si nascondono energia e materia, traduzione di Stefano Bianchi, collana La Scienza Nuova, edizioni Dedalo, 2008, p. 240,
Selected papers
References
1976 births
Living people
Astrophysicists
Italian astrophysicists
Academic staff of Roma Tre University
21st-century Italian physicists
Roma Tre University alumni
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksand%C3%ABr%20Trum%C3%A7i
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Aleksandër Trumçi (born 31 December 2000) is an Albanian professional footballer who plays as a right-back for Kategoria Superiore club Bylis, where is the club captain.
Career statistics
Club
Notes
References
External links
Profile - Eurosport
2000 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Shkodër
Albanian men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Men's association football fullbacks
KF Veleçiku players
KF Bylis players
Kategoria e Parë players
Kategoria Superiore players
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumen%20Naturae
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Lumen Naturae: Visions of the Abstract in Art and Mathematics is a book on connections between contemporary art, on the one hand, and mathematics and theoretical physics, on the other. It is written by Matilde Marcolli, and published by the MIT Press in 2020.
Background
The author, Matilde Marcolli, is an Italian mathematical physicist who describes herself as having grown up "among art critics and art historians." The book had its origin in public lectures given by Marcolli, at a bookshop near the California Institute of Technology, where she works as a professor. It aims "to explain modern science to the artists and to enlighten the art for scientists".
Contents
Lumen Naturae overviews many recent developments in mathematics, physics, and art, finding in many cases "fluid analogies" rather than more direct correspondences. Reproductions of nearly 250 artworks are included, together with the author's interpretation of these works and their connections to the scientific topics she discusses. The book's focus is on these works themselves, and not on the lives of the artists who created them.
After an introductory chapter, Lumen Naturae is organized into ten topic-specific chapters:
The first chapter is primarily focused on art, and concerns the frozen moments and juxtapositions of still life and vanitas painting, from its pre-contemporary origins through Paul Cézanne, Dada, and Cubism. It compares these to mathematical models of spacetime.
The next chapter shifts its focus to mathematics, including number systems, vector spaces, coordinate geometry, and topology, fractals, tessellations, and the Erlangen program of understanding geometries through their symmetries.
Two more chapters concern entropy, randomness, and complexity, connecting them to the art theory of Rudolf Arnheim and the action painting of Jackson Pollock.
The sixth chapter concerns zero, the vacuum, and artistic representations of the void. In both general relativity and quantum physics the vacuum is not actually empty, and Marcolli uses this idea to discuss quantum theory and quantum gravity more generally. Works such as Kazimir Malevich's Black Square and Mark Rothko's color fields are selected as the artistic counterpart to these ideas.
The next three chapters are shorter and more technical, concerning the geometry of numbers and analytic number theory, the Standard Model of particle physics, and the shape of the universe.
The penultimate chapter concerns futurism in art, and its connections with anarchist, fascist, socialist, and communist politics of the 20th century.
The final chapter discusses the history of illuminated manuscripts, the use of illustration in mathematics and physics books, and the author's own work illuminating her research notebook pages.
Audience and reception
Stephan Ramon Garcia describes Lumen Naturae as difficult to categorize: "too mathematical to be an art book or a popular-science book" but going "too deeply into art, particularly modern and con
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elja%20Arjas
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Elja Arjas (born February 9, 1943 in Tampere) is a Finnish mathematician and statistician. He is professor emeritus at the University of Helsinki.
Education and career
Arjas studied mathematics at the University of Helsinki and graduated with a bachelor's degree in philosophy in 1964. He graduated with a licentiate in mathematics and statistics in 1970 and received his doctorate in mathematics in 1972, under the supervision of Olli Lokki and Gustav Elfving. He was a research fellow at the Center for Operations Research and Econometrics at the Université catholique de Louvain until 1973, before moving back to Finland.
Arjas was a professor of applied mathematics and statistics at the University of Oulu between 1975 and 1997. Between 1992 and 1997, he worked as an academy professor at the Academy of Finland, and from 1997 to 2009 as a part-time professor of biometrics at the University of Helsinki and as a research professor at the Institute of Health and Welfare. Arjas was a visiting professor at the University of British Columbia between 1978 and 1979, a visiting professor at the University of Washington and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center from 1984 to 1985.
Honors and awards
Arjas was elected a fellow of the International Statistical Institute in 1977, a fellow of the a member of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics in 1982, and a member of the Finnish Academy of Sciences in 2001. He received a honorary doctorate from the University of Oulu in 2006.
References
1943 births
Finnish mathematicians
Finnish statisticians
Academic staff of the University of Oulu
University of Helsinki alumni
Academic staff of the University of Helsinki
Fellows of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics
People from Tampere
Mathematical statisticians
Living people
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Major%20League%20Baseball%20career%20double%20plays%20as%20a%20shortstop%20leaders
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In baseball statistics, a double play (denoted as DP) is the act of making two outs during the same continuous play. One double play is recorded for every defensive player who participates in the play, regardless of how many of the outs in which they were directly involved, and is counted in addition to whatever putouts and assists might also apply. Double plays can occur any time there is at least one baserunner and fewer than two outs. Shortstop, abbreviated SS, is a baseball or softball fielding position in the infield, commonly stationed between second and third base, which is considered to be among the most demanding defensive positions. The position is mostly filled by defensive specialists, so shortstops are generally relatively poor batters who typically hit lower in the batting order. In the numbering system used to record defensive plays, the shortstop is assigned the number 6.
Shortstops typically record a double play by fielding a ground ball and then either throwing to the second baseman to force out the runner advancing to second base, or stepping on the base themselves before throwing to first base to retire the batter/runner, or by receiving a throw from another player to force a runner at second base before the throw to first base is made. Shortstops generally benefit in this respect from playing alongside an excellent second baseman with great range and quickness; strong middle infields are regarded as crucial to a team's defensive play, and double play totals are regarded as a strong indicator of their defensive skill. Double plays are also recorded when the shortstop catches a line drive, then throws to a base before the runner can tag up, or another infielder or the pitcher catches the line drive and then throws to the shortstop in the same situation; on occasion, the throw might come from an outfielder after an unexpected catch of a fly ball. Other double plays occur when the shortstop records an out at second base, then throws out a runner attempting to advance on the basepaths, or on a double steal attempt in which the catcher throws out a runner attempting to steal second base, and the shortstop throws back to the catcher to retire a runner trying to steal home. Double plays are also occasionally recorded when a rundown play is involved, almost always as the second out. Because of the high number of ground outs, shortstops and second basemen typically record far more double plays than players at any other position except first base.
Most of the career leaders are relatively recent players who have benefitted from improved infield defense, with equipment of better quality; nine of the top twelve players made their major league debut after 1969, and only one was active before 1951. Five of the top nine players spent their entire careers with one team. Longer careers have compensated for the fact that as strikeout totals have risen in baseball, the frequency of other defensive outs including ground outs has declined, with
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Men%27s%20Pan%20American%20Games%20football%20tournament%20records%20and%20statistics
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This is a list of records and statistics of the football men's tournament in the Pan American Games ever since the inaugural official edition in 1951.
Medal table
1975 Gold medal shared between Brazil and Mexico
Participating nations
Teams participate with their U-23 squads. In some cases such as in 1951 (for Venezuela and Costa Rica) some countries sent their full squad (including players over the age of 22).
Medals by confederation
Debut of national teams
Hosts
All-time table
Following is the overall table of Men's football in Pan American Games. Wins before 1995 counts 2 points, after 1995 counts 3 points.
Top scorers by tournament
Winning managers
Following is the list with all winning manangers of Men's Pan American Games football tournament. Guillermo Stabile is the only one to have won the tournament more than once, in the first two editions. The German Lothar Osiander is the only foreign winner, with USA in 1991, and Luis Fernando Tena is the only one to manage to win both the Pan American Games and the Summer Olympics.
Teams records
Most titles won 7, (1951, 1955, 1959, 1971, 1995, 2003, 2019).
Most finishes in the top three 12, (1951, 1955, 1959, 1963, 1971, 1975, 1979, 1987, 1995, 2003, 2011, 2019).
Most finishes in the top four 12, (1951, 1955, 1959, 1963, 1971, 1975, 1979, 1987, 1995, 2003, 2011, 2019); (1955, 1967, 1975, 1987, 1991, 1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019).
Most appearances 16, (1955, 1959, 1967, 1971, 1975, 1983, 1987, 1991, 1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019, 2023).
Most consecutive medals 8, (1991, 1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015, 2019).
Most consecutive golds 3, (1951, 1955, 1959).
Most consecutive silvers 2, (1991, 1995).
Most consecutive bronzes 2, (1975, 1979), (2007, 2011).
Best finish as host team 2, (hosts 1951 and 1995, gold in both tournaments).
Most appearances without conquest the gold 11, .
Most appearances without be a medalist 5, .
Most goals scored in a match, one team 14, vs , 1975.
Most goals scored in a match, both teams scored 12, vs , 10–2, 1963.
Most matches played 75, .
Most wins 51, .
Most losses 27 .
Most draws 22, .
Most goals scored 170, .
Most goals conceded 123, .
Fewest goals conceded 3, .
Fewest goals scored 2, .
Most shoot-outs played 5, (1987, 1995, 2003, 2007, 2019).
Most shoot-outs won 2, (1987, 1995); (1995, 2019).
Most shoot-outs lost 4, (1987, 1995, 2007, 2019).
Individual records
Most goals scored in a match 7, Aírton () vs , 1963.
Most goals scored in a tournament 11, Aírton (), 1963.
Most goals scored in a tournament without being the topscorer 9, Víctor Rangel (), 1975.
Most goals scored in a gold medal match 3, Vicente Pereda (), 1967.
Most medals conquered 2, Juan Carlos Oleniak (): 1959 (), 1963 ().
2, Roberto Telch (): 1963 (), 1971 ().
2, Jorge Massó (): 1971 (), 1979 ().
2, José Francisco Reinoso (): 1971 (), 1979 ().
2, Andrés Roldán (): 1971 (), 1979 ().
2, José de Jesús Corona (): 2003 (), 2011
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene%20Sadowski
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Eugene Sadowski (; August 30, 1911 – August 1987) was a Ukrainian-born Soviet-American author, translator, Nazi collaborator, and mathematics professor. Lauded by Soviet and Russian authorities as a writer who died during World War II, it was discovered in January 2011 that Sadowski had not died but had instead collaborated with the Germans, where he wrote for Rech in Oryol.
Early life and literary career
Yevgeny Ivanovich Sadovsky was born on August 30, 1911, in the city of Mariupol, then part of the Russian Empire (now located in south-eastern Ukraine) into an ethnically Russian family. According to an autobiography which he dictated to German authorities, he moved to Moscow in 1926, studying and eventually (in 1932) graduating from the German department of the faculty for literary translation at the Institute for New Languages. He described himself as having been fascinated with languages from an early age, and, in addition to his native Ukrainian and Russian, spoke German and some English.
Starting in 1933, Sadowski began work as a translator, working to translate the works of Friedrich Hölderlin into Russian. The process was arduous, taking six years rather than the one year initially expected. He finished his work in 1939, and additionally translated other works from German into Russian, including The Youth of King Henry IV (; ) by Heinrich Mann. At the same time as his translation work, Sadowski studied at the physics department of Moscow State University and was known to be a skilled chess player.
In 1941, following the beginning of Operation Barbarossa, he was conscripted into the Red Army, where he worked as an interpreter. He was spared from a frontline role due to what he described as "not so strong physique and very serious vision problems." Sadowski claimed in his autobiography that he never joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union or any of its subsidiary organisations save for the Union of Soviet Writers.
According to documents received by Sadowski's wife from the Soviet Ministry of Defence in 1956, Sadowski went missing on January 27, 1942, near the forests of Smolensk. Soviet historiography claimed Sadowski died at the Battle of Smolensk in 1942. His "death" was followed by high praise from Soviet and East German writers following the World War II, among them Wilhelm Levick, who wrote in 1970, "The last time he was seen was in the Smolensk Oblast, when at night, half-dressed, he ran out of a burning house during a sudden attack by the Nazis. The attack was repulsed ... In his field bag, they found a soldier's certificate, an unfinished letter to his wife, and the same invariable volume of Hölderlin." Johannes R. Becher also celebrated Sadowski, saying in 1943, "A seriously wounded Russian was delivered to the headquarters of a German division. In the pocket of his tunic, a volume of Hölderlin in German was found. During a short interrogation, it turned out that the seriously wounded man was a translator of Hölderlin's
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magdal%C3%A9na%20Ryb%C3%A1rikov%C3%A1%20career%20statistics
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This is a list of the main career statistics of Slovakian tennis player Magdaléna Rybáriková.
Performance timelines
Singles
Doubles
WTA career finals
Singles: 8 (4 titles, 4 runner-ups)
Doubles: 2 (1 title, 1 runner-up)
ITF Circuit finals
Singles: 17 (9 titles, 8 runner–ups)
Record against top-10 players
Top 10 wins
Notes
References
Rybáriková, Magdaléna
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabel%20Dotti
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Isabel Graciela Dotti de Miatello (born 1947) is an Argentine mathematician specializing in the connections between group theory and differential topology, including the theory of complex nilmanifolds, nilpotent Lie groups, hypercomplex manifolds, and hyperkähler manifolds. She is a professor in the Faculty of Mathematics, Astronomy and Physics of the National University of Córdoba.
Education and career
Dotti was born on 21 June 1947 in , a town in San Justo Department, Córdoba. She earned a bachelor's degree in mathematics in 1970 at the National University of Córdoba, and completed a doctorate at Rutgers University in the United States in 1976. Her dissertation, Extension of Actions on Stiefel Manifolds, was supervised by Glen Bredon.
After temporary positions at the Federal University of Pernambuco in Brazil, at Rutgers, and at the National University of Córdoba, she obtained a permanent faculty position at the National University of Córdoba in 1983.
Recognition
Dotti is a numbered member of the National Academy of Sciences of Argentina, elected in 2007.
References
External links
Home page
1947 births
Living people
Argentine mathematicians
Argentine women mathematicians
National University of Córdoba alumni
Rutgers University alumni
Academic staff of the National University of Córdoba
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremy%20Kilpatrick
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Jeremy Kilpatrick (September 21, 1935, in Fairfield, Iowa – September 17, 2022, in Athens, Georgia) was an American mathematics educator. He received the Felix Klein Medal for 2007 from ICMI (The International Commission on Mathematics Instruction). He graduated from Chaffey two-year college in California (1954), then he went to the University of California at Berkeley to earn an A.B degree (1956) in mathematics and after an M.A degree (1960) in education. He received his M.S. in mathematics in 1962 and his PhD degree in mathematics education in 1967, both from Stanford University, where he was also a research assistant in the SMSG (School Mathematics Study Group)(1962-1967). His dissertation was supervised by Edward Begle with George Pólya and Lee Conbrach in the doctoral committee, and addressed eight graders’ problem-solving heuristics. From 1967 to 1975 he taught from as an assistant and later as an associate professor at Teachers College, Columbia University, in New York. In 1975, he moved to the University of Georgia, where he was a professor of mathematics education.
He received the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics Lifetime Achievement Award for Distinguished Service to Mathematics Education in 2003. He also received the Felix Klein Medal for 2007 from ICMI (The International Commission on Mathematics Instruction). More recently Jeremy Kilpatrick received The Award for Interdisciplinary Excellence in Mathematics Education by Texas A&M University.
Publications
Problem solving in mathematics, Review of Educational Research, vol. 39, 1969, pp. 523–533
Co-Editor with Izaak Wirzup of Soviet Studies in the Psychology and Teaching of Mathematics, SMSG, 1969–1975.
With George Polya, The Stanford mathematics problem book: with hints and solutions, Teachers College Press, New York, 1974.
With Geoffrey Howson and Christine Keitel, Curriculum Development in Mathematics, Cambridge University Press, 1981.
Co-editor of the Proceedings of the Fourth International Congress on Mathematical Education, 1983.
"A retrospective account of the past twenty-five years of research on teaching mathematical problem solving". In E. A. Silver (Ed.), Teaching and learning mathematical problem solving (pp. 1–16), Erlbaum 1985.
"A history of research in mathematics education". In Douglas A. Grouws (Ed.), Handbook of Research on Mathematics Teaching and Learning, Macmillan 1992.
Co-Editor of the International Handbook of Mathematics Education, Kluwer, 1996.
With Lynn Hancock, Denise S. Mewborn and Lynn Stallings, "Teaching and learning cross-country mathematics: a story of innovation in precalculus". In Senta A. Raizen, Edward D. Britton (Eds.), Bold Ventures: Case Studies of U.S. Innovations in Mathematics Education, vol. 3, pp. 133–244, Kluwer 1996.
Co-Editor with Anna Sierpinska, Mathematics education as a research domain: a search for identity: an ICMI study, Kluwer 1998.
With Jane Swafford, Bradford Findell, Adding it up: helping children lea
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinqiao%20Duan
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Jinqiao Duan (; born on December, 1962 in lunar calendar and on January, 1963 in Gregorian calendar) is a professor of mathematics at Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, USA.
He is known for scientific contributions to stochastic and nonlinear dynamics, stochastic partial differential equations, non-equilibrium statistical physics, and applications to biophysical & geophysical sciences. His current research also includes data science & stochastic dynamics, stochastic Hamilton/Contact dynamics & geometric mechanics, and open quantum dynamics & stochastic dynamics. His particular contributions include a random invariant manifold framework, effective reduction and approximation, quantifying non-Gaussian stochastic dynamics by nonlocal partial differential equations, a nonlocal Kramers-Moyal formula, non-Gaussian data assimilation, Onsager-Machlup action functional theory, and transitions between metastable states for stochastic dynamical systems (especially with non-Gaussian Levy fluctuations).
He served as Associate Director of the Institute for Pure and Applied Mathematics (www.ipam.ucla.edu), Los Angeles, USA, during 2011-2013. He is the director of the Center for Stochastic Dynamics at the Illinois Institute of Technology.
He earned BS degree in Computational Mathematics from Wuhan University, China; MS degree in Mathematical Physics from the Chinese Academy of Sciences; MS degree in Mathematics from the University of Massachusetts-Amherst, USA, and PhD degree in Applied Mathematics from Cornell University, USA. He was a Postdoc with Stephen Wiggins and an Instructor at California Institute of Technology (Caltech), USA.
Scientific contributions
1. A framework for random invariant manifolds
2. Dynamical features of stochastic systems under non-Gaussian Levy fluctuations
3. Effective dynamics of stochastic partial differential equations
4. Transition pathways and transition time & an Onsager-Machlup action functional theory for stochastic systems under non-Gaussian Levy fluctuations
5. Data assimilation for non-Gaussian stochastic dynamical systems
6. Stochastic Dynamics & Data Science
Duan's research fields include the theory, calculation and simulation of stochastic dynamical systems and nonlinear dynamical systems, as well as the trans-disciplinary researches of mathematics and other fields (random and complex phenomena related to the earth and environmental science, life sciences, etc).
Jinqiao Duan has made important contributions to the research of non-Gaussian stochastic dynamical systems, homogenization of stochastic partial differential equations and related application research fields, and was supported by a number of scientific research funds and programs.
He is the Managing Editor for Stochastics and Dynamics. https://www.editorialmanager.com/sd/default2.aspx
and Editor-in-Chief for Interdisciplinary Mathematical Sciences. https://www.worldscientific.com/series/ims
and Editor for Nonlinear Processes in Geoph
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Edward%20Oliver
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James Edward Oliver (1829-1895) was an American mathematician known for his role in establishing the mathematics department at Cornell University.
Born in Portland, Maine, Oliver graduated from Harvard College in 1849 and was immediately appointed assistant in the office of the American Nautical Almanac in Cambridge. Two decades would elapse before, in 1871, he became assistant professor of mathematics at Cornell, and two years later was appointed as full professor.
Oliver chaired the Department of Mathematics at Cornell from 1871 until his death. He founded the Social Science Club and was a member of the University Ethical Association. He was known to play an important role in local politics and society, for example, introducing Susan B. Anthony at the Tompkins County Political Equality Convention in 1894. In a similar vein, he taught a popular class in ethics at the Unitarian Church in Ithaca.
Oliver was an elected member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Philosophical Society and the National Academy of Sciences. He published "A Treatise on Trigonometry" in 1886.
Oliver was fond of applying mathematics to then-unusual subjects. He attempted the formulation of economic laws as algebraic formulas and, at Cornell, founded a seminar in economics. Although he was not the first to make such attempts, his particular goal was to define the relation between economics and probability theory.
He died in 1895 after a ten-week battle with serious illness. In a published tribute, noted geometer G. B. Halsted ranked Oliver as a mathematical genius, "one of the most remarkable America has produced," but noted that he seemed to have no ambition to publish "an adequate record of his mental life. In personal character he resembled Lobachevsky, whom he intensely admired."
References
1829 births
1895 deaths
Academics from Portland, Maine
Cornell University faculty
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Harvard College alumni
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walther%20Schwarzacher
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Walther Schwarzacher (March 2, 1925 – March 7, 2018) was an Austrian geologist best known for his research in quantitative stratigraphy. He was a Corresponding Member of the Division of Mathematics and the Natural Sciences of the Austrian Academy of Sciences and the second recipient of the William Christian Krumbein Medal, the highest award of the International Association for Mathematical Geosciences (IAMG).
Early and personal life
Walther was born in Graz, Austria, the second son of the forensic medic Professor Walther Schwarzacher and his wife Hedwig. In 1938, following the Anschluss, Walther's father lost his position at the University of Graz. As a result, Walther spent the war years with his family on the Wallersee, a lake near Salzburg. This was a time when he developed his interest in studying the local geology as he helped his father with scientific investigations. After the war, Walther moved to Innsbruck to study, completing both his undergraduate studies and his doctoral dissertation in a total of four years at the University of Innsbruck, under the supervision of Bruno Sander. He was then awarded a British Council Scholarship to the University of Cambridge. From Cambridge, Walther moved to Queen's University Belfast, where he was based for the remainder of his career. He married his wife, June, in 1963 and they had two sons, Walther and Martin.
Career
Walther joined Queen's University Belfast as an assistant lecturer in 1949. He was promoted to Lecturer, Reader in 1964 and eventually Professor when he was appointed to a personal Chair in Mathematical Geosciences in 1977. In 1967/68 Walther was Distinguished Visiting Lecturer in the newly formed mathematical geology section at the Kansas Geological Survey. Walther also spent sabbaticals at the University of Kiel.
Two of Walther's influential sedimentology books are Sedimentation Models and Quantitative Stratigraphy (1975) and Cyclostratigraphy and the Milankovitch theory (1993). In the first book, he describes stochastic models for sedimentary processes, which involve Markov chains and semi-Markov processes. The second discusses Milankovitch cycles for coupled limestone and marl beds, drawing from his own research. Walther also wrote many international publications and chapters.
References
1925 births
2018 deaths
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20J.%20Baroody
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Arthur "Art" J. Baroody (born August 15, 1947) is an educational psychologist, academic, and an expert in mathematics education research. He is a Professor Emeritus of Curriculum and Instruction at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and a Senior Research Fellow in Morgridge College of Education (COE) at the University of Denver.
Education
Baroody attended Cornell University and earned a B.S. in science education in 1969 and a Ph.D. in educational and developmental psychology in 1979. For the latter degree, he was mentored by Herbert P. Ginsburg.
Career
Baroody began his academic career as an Assistant Professor of Developmental Psychology at Keuka College in 1978. He joined the University of Rochester’s Graduate School of Education and Human Development in 1980 as a Research Associate for H. P. Ginsburg’s NIE Research Grant: "Cognitive Development Approach to Mathematics Learning Difficulties". From 1983 till 1986, he served as the Principal Investigator for a NIH Research Grant: "Basic Mathematics Learning in TMR and EMR Children." His next appointment was at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign as an Assistant Professor of Elementary and Early Childhood Education (1986-1989). He was promoted to Associate Professor of Curriculum and Instruction in 1989, and to Professor of Curriculum and Instruction in 1994. During this time, he also held a concurrent appointment with the Bureau of Educational Research from 1987 to 1990, and then again from 1999 to 2001. He retired in 2009 and was made an emeritus professor of Curriculum and Instruction. Since 2013, he has also been serving as Senior Research Fellow of Morgridge College of Education at the University of Denver.
Since 2000, Baroody has been the Principal Investigator or Co-PI on 12 grants from the National Science Foundation, Institute of Education Sciences, Spencer Foundation, National Institutes of Health, and National Governors’ Association.
Research
Baroody’s early research focused on the development of informal mathematical knowledge of children in early childhood and those with learning difficulties. He discovered a previously unrecognized counting-based mental-addition strategy, namely Felicia’s strategy of counting-all from the larger addend (solving, e.g., 2 + 5 by counting “1, 2, 3, 4, 5; 6 [is one more], 7 [is two more]). Subsequent research confirmed that Felicia’s strategy is the primary transition between more basic informal addition strategies and the advanced strategy of counting-on from the larger addend—sometimes called the MIN strategy because counting is minimized by counting on a number of times equal to the smaller added.
Baroody contributed to a balanced view of children’s informal mathematical knowledge by exploring both its strengths and limitations. He found that children’s informal view of addition as making a collection larger is a barrier to their recognizing the commutative property of the operation—that the order in which two addends are a
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicodemi
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Nicodemi is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Aldo Nicodemi (1919–1963), Italian film actor
Olympia Nicodemi (fl. 1981–2020), mathematician and mathematics educator
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023%20Esporte%20Clube%20Bahia%20season
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The 2023 season will be Bahia's 93rd season in the club's history. Bahia will be compete in the Campeonato Baiano, Copa do Nordeste, Série A and Copa do Brasil.
Current squad
Statistics
Overall
{|class="wikitable"
|-
|Games played || 60 (13 Campeonato Baiano, 8 Copa do Nordeste, 8 Copa do Brasil, 31 Campeonato Brasileiro)
|-
|Games won || 25 (9 Campeonato Baiano, 2 Copa do Nordeste, 4 Copa do Brasil, 10 Campeonato Brasileiro)
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|Games drawn || 15 (1 Campeonato Baiano, 3 Copa do Nordeste, 4 Copa do Brasil, 7 Campeonato Brasileiro)
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|Games lost || 20 (3 Campeonato Baiano, 3 Copa do Nordeste, 0 Copa do Brasil, 14 Campeonato Brasileiro)
|-
|Goals scored || 81
|-
|Goals conceded || 74
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|Goal difference || +7
|-
|Best results || 4–0 (H) v Volta Redonda - Copa do Brasil - 2023.04.274–0 (H) v Red Bull Bragantino - Série A - 2023.08.20
|-
|Worst result || 0–6 (A) v Sport - Copa do Nordeste - 2023.02.22
|-
|Top scorer || Everaldo (18)
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Goalscorers
Managers performance
Competitions
Overview
Campeonato Baiano
First stage
Semifinals
Finals
Record
Copa do Nordeste
Group stage
Record
Copa do Brasil
First round
Second round
Third round
Round of 16
Quarter-finals
Record
Série A
League table
Results summary
Matches
References
External links
Esporte Clube Bahia seasons
Bahia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Bruce%20Paris
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Richard Bruce Paris (23 January 1946 – 8 July 2022) was a British mathematician and reader at the Abertay University in Dundee, who specialized in calculus. He also had a honorary readership of the University of St. Andrews, Scotland. The research activity of Paris particularly concerned the asymptotics of integrals and properties of special functions. He is the author of Hadamard Expansions and Hyperasymptotic Evaluation: An Extension of the Method of Steepest Descent as well as the co-author of Asymptotics and Mellin-Barnes Integrals and of Asymptotics of High Order Differential Equations. In addition, he contributed to the NIST Handbook of Mathematical Functions and also released numerous papers for Proceedings of the Royal Society A, Methods and Applications of Analysis and the Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics.
Personal life
Born in 1946, Richard Bruce Paris was the son of an engineer. He spent his early childhood in the Yorkshire area until his family moved to the Wirral Peninsula, Cheshire, in the mid-1950s, due to the work of his father. There, Paris visited the Calday Grange Grammar School in West Kirkby to eventually discover his interest in mathematics.
Paris was married to Jocelyne Marie-Louise Neidinger with whom he has a son Simon and a daughter Gaëlle.
Career
In 1967, Paris acquired a first class honours degree in Mechanical Engineering from the Victoria University of Manchester. He continued his study at the university's department of mathematics, which he graduated as a Doctor of Philosophy in 1971. Paris was a doctoral student of the British-Australian astronomer Leon Mestel. His PhD thesis was finished under the title The Role of the Magnetic Field in Cosmogony.
After Paris finished his doctoral thesis, in 1974 he moved to France to work for Euratom at the Department of Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion in Fontenay-aux-Roses. In addition, from the mid-1970s to the mid-1980s, Paris did several research visits in Los Alamos, USA. Finally, in 1984 he had to move to Southern France, due to a job transfer to Cadarache. In 1987, Paris quit his job at Euratom and returned to Scotland to work as a senior lecturer at the Abertay University in Dundee. A year leater, in 1988, he received the honorary readership of the University of St. Andrews, Scotland. In 1999, he also achieved the degree of a Doctor of Science at the University of Manchester. Paris stayed at the University of Abertay, where he eventually obtained the status of a reader, until his retirement in 2010. Yet, this was not the end of his mathematical work but he kept contributing until his unexpected death in July 2022. In fact, one month earlier he shared his final article on ResearchGate.
In 1986, Paris became an elected fellow of the British Institute of Mathematics and its Applications.
Work
The work of Paris deals with the asymptotic behaviour of a wide scope of special functions, in many case with a connection to physical problems.
In co
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi-Hopf%20module
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In quantum group, Hopf algebra and weak Hopf algebra, the Doi-Hopf module is a crucial construction that has many applications. It's named after Japanese mathematician Yukio Doi (土井 幸雄) and German mathematician Heinz Hopf. The concept was introduce by Doi in his 1992 paper "unifying Hopf modules".
Doi-Hopf module
A right Doi-Hopf datum is a triple with a Hopf algebra, a left -comodule algebra, and a right -module coalgebra. A left-right Doi-Hopf -module is a left -module and a right -comodule via such that for all . The subscript is the Sweedler notation.
A left Doi-Hopf datum is a triple with a Hopf algebra, a right -comodule algebra, and a left -module coalgebra. A Doi-Hopf module can be defined similarly.
Doi-Hopf module in weak Hopf algebra
The generalization of Doi-Hopf module in weak Hopf algebra case is given by Gabriella Böhm in 2000.
References
Hopf algebras
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chen%20Mufa
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Chen Mufa is a Chinese professor of mathematics at Beijing Normal University. He is a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the World Academy of Sciences. In addition to his work on probability theory, as a mathematician, Chen contributed to mathematical physics.
Chen is a faculty member at Beijing Normal University and a member of the advisory committee for the Beijing International Center for Mathematics.
He is Jiangsu Province's first academician of mathematical science.
Education and career
Chen obtained a doctorate degree in 1983 from Beijing Normal University. He joined Beijing Normal University in 1980 and became a full professor in 1985. In 2003, he was elected a member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and in 2009, he was elected a member of the World Academy of Sciences. He is a fellow of the American Mathematical Society.
References
Members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
People from Beijing
Chinese mathematicians
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational%20focusing
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The concept of gravitational focusing describes how the gravitational attraction between two particles increases the probability that they will collide. Without gravitational force, the likelihood of a collision would depend on the cross-sectional area of the two particles. However, the presence of gravity can cause particles that would have otherwise missed each other to be drawn together, effectively increasing the size of their cross-sectional area.
Function
Gravitational focusing applies to extended objects like the Moon, planets and the Sun, whose interior density distributions are well known. Gravitational focusing is responsible for the power-law mass function of star clusters. Gravitational focusing plays a significant role in the formation of planets, as it shortens the time required for them to form and promotes the growth of larger particles.
Dark matter
Gravitational focusing typically only has a small impact on the relaxed halo dark matter component, with effects typically remaining at around the 5% level. However, the impact of gravitational focusing on dark matter substructures could potentially be much greater.
References
Gravity
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core-compact%20space
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In general topology and related branches of mathematics, a core-compact topological space is a topological space whose partially ordered set of open subsets is a continuous poset. Equivalently, is core-compact if it is exponentiable in the category Top of topological spaces. Expanding the definition of an exponential object, this means that for any , the set of continuous functions has a topology such that function application is a unique continuous function from to , which is given by the Compact-open topology and is the most general way to define it.
Another equivalent concrete definition is that every neighborhood of a point contains a neighborhood of whose closure in is compact. As a result, every (weakly) locally compact space is core-compact, and every Hausdorff (or more generally, sober) core-compact space is locally compact, so the definition is a slight weakening of the definition of a locally compact space in the non-Hausdorff case.
See also
Locally compact space
References
Further reading
Topology
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19%20pandemic%20in%20Guangdong
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The COVID-19 pandemic reached the province of Guangdong, China, in 2020.
Statistics
Timeline
2020
2021
2022
Related measures
On January 26, Shantou City's new coronavirus-infected pneumonia epidemic headquarters announced that from 2 pm on the same day, the city's operating passenger cars, urban buses, taxis, and ferries would be suspended, and vehicles, ships, or people will be prohibited from entering Shantou from the early morning of the next day except for the permitted emergency, special, and material support needs. The main line of the expressway passing through the Shantou City area can pass normally, and most of the inter-county passages in the city are closed. In addition, strictly check, screen, and persuade people who enter Shantou from Shantou Station and Chaoyang Station to return. A few hours after the release of the relevant announcement, the Shantou Novel Coronavirus Infected Pneumonia Epidemic Headquarters issued another announcement at 1 p.m. on the same day, canceling the city closure arrangement and instead strengthening the epidemic monitoring and prevention and control of mobile personnel, but the entry and exit of vehicles, ships, personnel, and materials would not be restricted. At 2:00 p.m. on the same day, the Office of the Prevention and Control Headquarters for the Prevention and Control of Pneumonia Infected by the New Coronavirus in Guangdong Province issued a notice, deciding to implement control measures for people entering public places to wear masks in Guangdong Province. People who do not wear masks to enter the venue should be dissuaded, and those who do not listen to the dissuasion should report to the relevant competent authorities in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, and the relevant competent authorities will deal with them according to their respective responsibilities. Obstructing emergency response personnel from performing their duties shall be subject to administrative punishment and even criminal responsibility according to law. Following the release of the "Guidelines for the Use of Pneumonia Masks to Prevent Novel Coronavirus Infection" by the National Health Commission, a revised version of the circular was issued on February 5. Various cultural performances and cultural activities originally scheduled to be held in Chaozhou during the Spring Festival and Lantern Festival had been suspended, and all kinds of public cultural and sports venues at all levels in Chaozhou City had been temporarily closed and related activities had been cancelled.
Related disputes
The government is not surprised that in late January 2020, when the COVID-19 epidemic continued and began to spread to other provinces and cities in the People’s Republic of China, a reporter from the Cable News Cable China team visited the Guangzhou Flower Market that opened before the Lunar New Year. Among them, a group of middle-aged men and women showed that they were not worried about the epidemic. The two "aunts" danc
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19%20pandemic%20in%20Jilin
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The COVID-19 pandemic reached the province of Jilin, China.
Statistics
Timeline
2020
On February 24, the spokesperson of the Yanbian State Government stated that it will strengthen the joint prevention and control of customs, disease control, and public security inspections at the airport. People arriving from South Korea will be picked up by counties and cities in a unified manner, and relatives and friends will not be able to pick them up at the airport. Scenic spots in Yanbian Prefecture were temporarily closed, and travel agencies did not accept or organize groups.
On May 9, in response to a new domestic primary confirmed case in Shulan City, the 2019-nCoV epidemic situation grading standard in Shulan City was raised from low risk to medium risk; the next day, due to 11 new confirmed cases in Shulan City, the risk level of Lanzhou City had been raised again, from medium risk to high risk. Some local railway trains were suspended, all bus routes in the city suspended services, and taxis were not allowed to operate across regions. Shulan City also adopted the strictest control measures. The local area adopted closed management of various communities and villages, and conducted blanket screening of all people in the city, focusing on screening people returning to Shulan from key domestic areas and overseas, and at the same time stopping all gathering activities; All public services and entertainment venues were closed. In principle, catering units were prohibited from dine-in, and any unit or individual was prohibited from holding any form of gatherings, but takeaway services could be provided. Students in the third and third grades who have returned to school will resume online teaching. At the Jilin Provincial Epidemic Prevention and Control Video Conference, Bayin Chaolu, Secretary of the CPC Jilin Provincial Party Committee and Leader of the Provincial Epidemic Prevention and Control Leading Group, said that it is necessary to learn from the lessons of the clustered epidemic in Shulan City and quickly take strict and effective measures, go all out to stabilize the epidemic situation, and resolutely prevent the spread of the epidemic. The steering group of the National Health and Medical Commission to the three northeastern provinces for epidemic prevention and control and the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention arrived in Jilin City and Shulan City on the same day to supervise the epidemic prevention and control command; before May 8, the vice governor of Jilin Province, An Lijia, the executive deputy head of the Provincial Leading Group for Epidemic Prevention and Control, led officials in charge of health, public security, and disease control to Shulan City as soon as possible to supervise the epidemic prevention and control work on the spot.
On May 12, Jiaohe City issued a notice that all those who participated in the wedding were required to be quarantined due to the confirmed diagnosis of a wedding photographer held loc
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuela%20Gar%C3%ADn
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Manuela (Mane) Garín Pinillos de Álvarez (1 January 1914 – 30 April 2019) was a Spanish-born and Cuban-raised mathematician who became one of the first women to study mathematics at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). She has been named as a pioneer of mathematics in Mexico.
Personal life
Garín was born on 1 January 1914 in Asturias, Spain. Her mother and step-father escaped World War I by moving to Cuba, where she was home-taught by her step-father, an engineer for a mining company. After several years, they moved to Pinar del Río in Cuba, where she first entered formal schooling. In the economic and political crisis in Cuba under the reign of Gerardo Machado, the family began working for the political opposition but in 1932, in fear for their lives, moved to Mexico, using counterfeit Spanish passports. In Mexico, she became an activist in the Communist Party.
She married Raúl Álvarez, an engineer. Their son, (1914–2014), was also a prominent activist, one of the leaders in the Mexican Movement of 1968 and later a professor of economics at UNAM. Although initially studying mathematics, their daughter Tania Álvarez Garín became a ballerina and choreographer.
Academic career
Once in Mexico, Garín caught up on the Mexican school curriculum through the Colegio Motolinía. But, because her Cuban education had omitted singing and sports, she was blocked from entering the Escuela Nacional Preparatoria until her family obtained an exception with the assistance of the Cuban ambassador to Mexico. She studied chemistry there, encouraged by her mother to aim for career as a pharmacist, as engineering work was not open to women at that time. However, she was encouraged to study mathematics by one of her teachers, .
There was at that time an arrangement that ENP chemistry students could enter the science program at UNAM, but Garín had to overcome bureaucratic opposition to her entry, which she did in 1937 with the intervention of geophysicist Ricardo Monges López, entering alongside Enriqueta González Baz, and becoming the first women in the UNAM Faculty of Sciences.
After graduating, marrying, living with her husband in Sinaloa and Ensenada, and then teaching at the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education for several years, she joined the UNAM Faculty of Engineering in 1951, and in 1952 began teaching as well in the Faculty of Sciences. She also worked as a researcher in the UNAM Institute of Geophysics, led by Monges. In this time, she also completed a master's thesis in probability theory, supervised by Remigio Valdés. As a professional mathematician, Garín specialized in applied mathematics involving the mathematical modeling of the Earth's magnetic field; she also worked on secondary-school mathematics education.
In her later work, she helped found the Institute of Geophysics in the Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán and in 1964 became the founding director of the School of Advanced Studies of the Universidad de Sonora
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20T.%20Smith
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Frank Thomas Smith FRS (1948) is a Goldsmid professor in the department of mathematics in the University College London, a specialist in Fluid Mechanics.
Biography
Frank Smith completed his doctoral degree in 1972 at the University of Oxford. Smith has made significant contributions to triple-deck theory applied to boundary layer flows, separated flows, biofluid mechanics, skimming-stone problem, etc. He is the director of Lighthill institute of mathematical sciences.
Awards and honours
Smith was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1984.
References
External links
Fellows of the Royal Society
Fluid dynamicists
1948 births
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Living people
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19%20pandemic%20in%20Fujian
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The COVID-19 pandemic reached the province of Fujian, China, on January 22, 2020.
Statistics
Timeline
2020
On January 22, 2020, the National Health Commission confirmed the first confirmed case of imported novel coronavirus pneumonia in Fujian Province.
On January 25, Fujian Province reported 8 new confirmed cases of pneumonia imported from the new coronavirus infection, including 1 in Fuzhou, 3 in Zhangzhou, 2 in Quanzhou, 1 in Sanming, and 1 in Ningde. As of January 25, Fujian Province had reported a total of 18 confirmed cases of imported novel coronavirus pneumonia.
On January 27, Fujian Province reported 21 newly confirmed cases of pneumonia imported from the new coronavirus infection, including 4 cases in Fuzhou City, 5 cases in Quanzhou City, 8 cases in Putian City, 1 case in Nanping City, and 3 cases in Ningde City.
On January 28, Fujian Province reported 14 new confirmed cases, all of which were imported cases, including 1 in Xiamen, 3 in Quanzhou, 4 in Sanming, 4 in Putian, 1 in Nanping, and 1 in Longyan.
On January 29, Fujian Province reported 2 new confirmed cases, all of which were imported cases, including 1 in Zhangzhou City (1 in Zhao'an County), and 1 in Sanming City (1 in Youxi County).
On January 30, Fujian Province reported 17 new confirmed cases, all of which were imported cases, including 6 cases in Fuzhou City (2 cases in Jin'an District, 2 cases in Minqing County, 1 case in Lianjiang County, and 1 case in Minhou County) ), 1 case in Xiamen City (1 case in Wuhan City, Hubei Province), 5 cases in Quanzhou City (2 cases in Nan'an City, 1 case in Fengze District, 1 case in Anxi County, 1 case in Shishi City), 1 case in Sanming City (1 case in Sha County ), 3 cases in Putian City (1 case in Chengxiang District, 1 case in Xiuyu District, 1 case in Wuhan City, Hubei Province), 1 case in Ningde City (1 case in Fuding City).
In March 2020, Xinjia Express Hotel, which was being used to quarantine COVID-19 patients, collapsed, causing 29 deaths.
2021
In September 2021, the government of Putian imposed restrictions on travel and activity in response to what CCTV described on 13 September as a "serious and complex" outbreak. A total of 43 locally transmitted cases were reported in Fujian from 10 to 12 September, of which 35 were in Putian and which included cases of the Delta variant. In addition, 32 asymptomatic cases (which are reported separately in China) were detected in Fujian (all in Putian) over the same period.
According to state media at the time, the Putian outbreak was suspected to have started with a traveler who had arrived in Xianyou County from Singapore via Xiamen.
2022
On January 1, Fujian Province reported 9 newly imported confirmed cases (all were reported by Xiamen City).
On January 2, Fujian Province reported 2 newly imported confirmed cases (both reported by Xiamen City).
On January 3, Fujian Province reported 9 newly imported confirmed cases (all were reported by Xiamen City).
References
Fujian
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%E2%80%93Moon%20problem
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The Earth–Moon problem is an unsolved problem on graph coloring in mathematics. It is an extension of the planar map coloring problem (solved by the four color theorem), and was posed by Gerhard Ringel in 1959. In mathematical terms, it seeks the chromatic number of biplanar graphs. It is known that this number is at least 9 and at most 12.
Formulation
In the map coloring problem, a collection of simply connected regions in the Euclidean plane or a topologically equivalent space, such as countries on the surface of the Earth, are to be colored so that, when two regions have a nonzero length of boundary, they have different colors. It can be transformed into a graph coloring problem by making a vertex for each region and an edge for each two neighboring regions, producing a planar graph whose vertices are to be colored. According to the four color theorem, it is always possible to do so using at most four different colors, no matter how many regions are given.
Instead, in the Earth–Moon problem, each country on the Earth has a corresponding colony on the surface of the Moon, that must be given the same color. These colonies may have borders that are completely different from the arrangement of the borders on the Earth. The countries must be colored, using the same color for each country and its colony, so that when two countries share a border either on the Earth or on the Moon they are given different colors. Ringel's problem asks: how many colors are needed to guarantee that the countries can all be colored, no matter how their boundaries are arranged?
Again, one can phrase the same question equivalently as one in graph theory, with a single vertex for each pair of a country and its colony, and an edge for each adjacency between countries or colonies. The graphs that result in this version of the problem are biplanar graphs, or equivalently the graphs of thickness two: their edges can be partitioned into two subsets (the Earth adjacencies and the Moon adjacencies) such that the corresponding two subgraphs are both planar. In mathematical terms, Ringel's problem asks for the maximum chromatic number of biplanar graphs.
Bounds
A biplanar graph on vertices has at most edges (double the number that a planar graph can have), from which it follows that it has at least one vertex with only 11 neighbors. Removing this vertex, coloring the remaining graph recursively, and then using the smallest-numbered unused color for the removed vertex leads to a coloring with at most 12 colors; this is the greedy coloring for a degeneracy ordering of the graph. Therefore, biplanar graphs require at most 12 colors.
An example of a biplanar graph requiring 9 colors can be constructed as the join of a 6-vertex complete graph and a 5-vertex cycle graph. This means that these two subgraphs are connected by all possible edges from one subgraph to the other. The resulting graph has 11 vertices, and requires 6 colors for the complete subgraph and 3 colors for the cyc
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Western%20United%20FC%20%28A-League%20Women%29%20records%20and%20statistics
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Western United Football Club (A-League Women) is an Australian professional women's association football club based in Truganina, Melbourne. The club was formed in 2022 after a successful bid to enter the A-League Women for the 2022–23 season.
The list encompasses the records set by the club, their managers and their players. The player records section itemises the club's leading goalscorers and those who have made most appearances in the A-League Women. Attendance records at City Vista, are also included.
The club's record appearance makers are Hillary Beall, Sydney Cummings, Hannah Keane, Emma Robers and Adriana Taranto, who have currently made ten appearances. Hannah Keane is Western United (A-League Women)'s record goalscorer, scoring nine goals in total.
All figures are correct as of 28 January 2023.
Player records
Appearances
Most appearances: Hillary Beall, Sydney Cummings, Hannah Keane, Emma Robers and Adriana Taranto, 13
Youngest first-team player: Kahli Johnson, 18 years, 274 days (against Melbourne Victory, A-League Women, 19 November 2022)
Oldest first-team player: Aleksandra Sinclair, 35 years, 12 days (against Newcastle Jets, A-League Women, 8 February 2023)
Most consecutive appearances: 13
Hillary Beall (from 19 November 2022 to 11 February 2023)
Sydney Cummings (from 19 November 2022 to 11 February 2023)
Hannah Keane (from 19 November 2022 to 11 February 2023)
Emma Robers (from 19 November 2022 to 11 February 2023)
Adriana Taranto (from 19 November 2022 to 11 February 2023)
Most appearances
Competitive matches only, includes appearances as substitute. Numbers in brackets indicate goals scored.
Goalscorers
Most goals in a match: 2 goals
Hannah Keane (against Wellington Phoenix, A-League Women, 26 November 2022)
Chloe Logarzo (against Melbourne City, A-League Women, 17 December 2022)
Hannah Keane (against Sydney FC, A-League Women, 26 November 2022)
Youngest goalscorer: Sydney Cummings, 23 years, 266 days (against Wellington Phoenix, A-League Women, 26 November 2022)
Oldest goalscorer: Jessica McDonald, 34 years, 271 days (against Wellington Phoenix, A-League Women, 26 November 2022)
Most consecutive goalscoring appearances: Hannah Keane, 4 (from 11 January 2023 to 28 January 2023) ()
Top goalscorers
Competitive matches only. Numbers in brackets indicate appearances made.
Managerial records
First full-time manager: Mark Torcaso currently manages Western United (A-League Women) from June 2022.
Highest win percentage: Mark Torcaso, 76.92%
Lowest win percentage: Mark Torcaso, 76.92%
Club records
Matches
First match: Western United 1–0 Melbourne Victory, friendly, 5 November 2022
First A-League Women match: Western United 1–0 Melbourne Victory, 19 November 2022
Record A-League Women win: 5–0 against Canberra United, 28 January 2023
Record consecutive wins: 7, from 19 November 2022 to 11 January 2023
Record consecutive matches without a defeat: 7, from 19 November 2022 to 11 January 2023
Record consec
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics%20of%20Deadly%20Quarrels
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Statistics of Deadly Quarrels is a 1960 book by English mathematician and physicist Lewis Fry Richardson 11 October 1881 - 30 September 1953 published by Boxwood Press. The book is a mathematical and social science study on the origins of war; topics that informed much of Richardson's research throughout his life.
The book received mixed reviews in academia, with overall critical consensus that the works therein are important pioneering endeavors.
Background
The book can be seen as a follow-up to Richardson's book Arms and Insecurity (1949) with a number of reviewers commenting on both books, treating them as a related set. It was published posthumously, based on published and unpublished works of Richardson, and was edited by American political scientists Quincy Wright and C. C. Lienau.
Contents
In Statistics of Deadly Quarrels Richardson presented data on most conflicts, in particular, wars, from early 19th century to mid-20th century. He hypothesized a base 10 logarithmic scale for conflicts (not just wars but at the bottom of the scale, even simple homicides). He illustrated the fact that there are many more small fights, in which only a few people die, than large ones that kill many. While no conflict's size can be predicted beforehand and it is impossible to give an upper limit to the series, overall they do form a Poisson distribution.
Richardson also attempted to correlate factors such as economics, language, and religion with the causes of war. Most proved insignificant, except religion; data indicated that countries with differing religions are more likely to engage in hostilities. Some of his findings suggested that Christian nations participated in an above-average number of hostilities, particularly against Islamic nations; and that Spanish speakers tended to war against one another more than other language speakers, while Chinese speakers fought against one another less than expected. (Here Richardson criticizes individualism and praises collectivism.) There are also suggestions that countries under similar governments are less likely to fight one another which, Richardson wrote, is an argument for world government (see also democratic peace theory), and that fighting is "infectious". Once country A wages war on country B, their neighbors become more likely to do so as well. Nationalism is shown to reduce the chances of civil wars while increasing the chances of international warfare.
Economic factors explained only 10 percent of the causes, which contradicts the expectations from the Marxist theory, although this interpretation has been subject to criticism, as one of the reviewers noted that arguably Richardson's data can be taken to show that economic factors contributed to two-thirds of the causes.
Richardson's data also suggested that the larger the war, the more exponentially deadly it would be; an observation which has been considered a warning against World War III.
Reception
The book received mixed reviews in ac
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alejandro%20Andrade%20%28footballer%29
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Alejandro Andrade Rivera (born 16 August 2001) is a Mexican professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Liga MX club Necaxa.
Career statistics
Club
References
External links
Living people
2001 births
Men's association football midfielders
Atlético Morelia players
Club Necaxa footballers
Liga MX players
Mexico men's under-20 international footballers
Footballers from Aguascalientes
Mexican men's footballers
People from Aguascalientes City
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciro%20Ciliberto
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Ciro Ciliberto (born 14 October 1950, in Naples) is an Italian mathematician.
Career
Ciliberto graduated in Mathematics at the University of Naples Federico II in 1973. Assistant professor at the University of Naples Federico II from 1974 to 1980.
Professor of Mathematics at the University of Naples Federico II since 1977 to 1978 and of Algebraic Geometry from 1978 to 1980.
Extraordinary professor of Higher Mathematics at the University of Lecce in 1980-1981. Subsequently he was first extraordinary and then full professor of Algebraic Geometry at the University of Naples Federico II from 1981 to 1985. Then he was professor of Higher Geometry (Geometria Superiore) at the University of Rome Tor Vergata.
Ciliberto was Vice-President of the Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica Francesco Severi in the years 1990-1995 and member of the Scientific Commission of the same Institute from 1995 to 1999.
Ciliberto was Director of the PhD in Mathematics at the University of Rome Tor Vergata in the years 1990-1994, and subsequently member of the scientific committee of that faculty at the University of Rome Tor Vergata. Detached Professor at the "B. Segre Interdisciplinary Center" of the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei in the years 1993-1996.
Ciliberto was Member of various evaluation committees for national research projects for the Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR) in the years 1987-1997 and 2000-2003.
Ciliberto was President of the Italian Mathematical Union from 2012 to 2018. Ciliberto was Member of the Advisory Committee of the Agenzia Nazionale di Valutazione del Sistema Universitario e della Ricerca (ANVUR) from 2011 to 2015. Ciliberto was Member of the Meetings Committee of the European Mathematical Society since 2013 and President of the Meetings Committee of the European Mathematical Society since 2018. Ciliberto is Member of Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei.
Publications
List of papers
References
1950 births
Living people
20th-century Italian mathematicians
21st-century Italian mathematicians
Presidents of the Italian Mathematical Union
University of Naples Federico II alumni
Academic staff of the University of Naples Federico II
Academic staff of the University of Rome Tor Vergata
Members of the Lincean Academy
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debra%20Boutin
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Debra Lynn Boutin is an American mathematician, the Samuel F. Pratt Professor of Mathematics at Hamilton College, where she chairs the mathematics department. Her research involves the symmetries of graphs and distinguishing colorings of graphs.
Education and career
Boutin is a graduate of Chicopee Comprehensive High School in Massachusetts.
After high school, Boutin took a ten-year hiatus from higher education, including serving for four years in the United States Navy, working as a secretary, and raising a child. She restarted her education, supported by the G.I. Bill, by studying data processing at Springfield Technical Community College in Massachusetts. Next, Boutin went to Smith College as an Ada Comstock Scholar. She graduated Phi Beta Kappa and summa cum laude in 1991 with a bachelor's degree in mathematics. She completed her Ph.D. in mathematics in 1998 at Cornell University. Her doctoral dissertation, Centralizers of Finite Subgroups of Automorphisms and Outer Automorphisms of Free Groups, was supervised by Karen Vogtmann.
After a one-year visiting position at Trinity College (Connecticut), she joined Hamilton College as an assistant professor in 1999. She was tenured as an associate professor in 2005 and promoted to full professor in 2010.
Recognition
Hamilton College named Boutin as the Samuel F. Pratt Professor of Mathematics in 2019.
References
External links
Home page
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American mathematicians
American women mathematicians
Smith College alumni
Cornell University alumni
Hamilton College (New York) faculty
Springfield Technical Community College alumni
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynomial%20root-finding%20algorithms
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Finding polynomial roots is a long-standing problem that has been the object of much research throughout history. A testament to this is that up until the 19th century, algebra meant essentially theory of polynomial equations.
Principles
Finding the root of a linear polynomial (degree one) is easy and needs only one division: the general equation has solution For quadratic polynomials (degree two), the quadratic formula produces a solution, but its numerical evaluation may require some care for ensuring numerical stability. For degrees three and four, there are closed-form solutions in terms of radicals, which are generally not convenient for numerical evaluation, as being too complicated and involving the computation of several th roots whose computation is not easier than the direct computation of the roots of the polynomial (for example the expression of the real roots of a cubic polynomial may involve non-real cube roots). For polynomials of degree five or higher Abel–Ruffini theorem asserts that there is, in general, no radical expression of the roots.
So, except for very low degrees, root finding of polynomials consists of finding approximations of the roots. By the fundamental theorem of algebra, a polynomial of degree has exactly real or complex roots counting multiplicities.
It follows that the problem of root finding for polynomials may be split in three different subproblems;
Finding one root
Finding all roots
Finding roots in a specific region of the complex plane, typically the real roots or the real roots in a given interval (for example, when roots represents a physical quantity, only the real positive ones are interesting).
For finding one root, Newton's method and other general iterative methods work generally well.
For finding all the roots, arguably the most reliable method is the Francis QR algorithm computing the eigenvalues of the Companion matrix corresponding to the polynomial, implemented as the standard method in MATLAB.
The oldest method of finding all roots is to start by finding a single root. When a root has been found, it can be removed from the polynomial by dividing out the binomial . The resulting polynomial contains the remaining roots, which can be found by iterating on this process. However, except for low degrees, this does not work well because of the numerical instability: Wilkinson's polynomial shows that a very small modification of one coefficient may change dramatically not only the value of the roots, but also their nature (real or complex). Also, even with a good approximation, when one evaluates a polynomial at an approximate root, one may get a result that is far to be close to zero. For example, if a polynomial of degree 20 (the degree of Wilkinson's polynomial) has a root close to 10, the derivative of the polynomial at the root may be of the order of this implies that an error of on the value of the root may produce a value of the polynomial at the approximate root that is of
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DMJ%20%28disambiguation%29
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DMJ may refer to:
Duke Mathematical Journal, a peer-reviewed mathematics journal
Global Air (Mexico), the ICAO code DMJ
DMJ Pick Bridge, a Parker through truss bridge located near Saratoga, Wyoming
Diploma in Medical Jurisprudence, a postgraduate diploma program to train and equip medical graduates
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