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Caño Negro Wildlife Refuge is a Wildlife refuge, part of the Arenal Huetar Norte Conservation Area, in the northern part of Costa Rica twenty kilometers south of Los Chiles near the border with Nicaragua in the Alajuela province. The refuge is a wetlands site that is home to many migratory waterfowl during part of the year, centered on Lake Caño Negro which is fed by the Frío River during the rainy season.
Access
Main access road is Route 138 which connects Route 4 and Route 35.
Facilities
There are no public facilities at the refuge, and the area can be explored only by boat, for which there is a dock as well as tourist facilities at the town of Caño Negro.
Wildlife
The forests, grasslands and marshes of the area provide shelter for various endangered species such as cougars, jaguars, tapirs, ocelots, peccary and several species of monkey (Panamanian white-faced capuchin, mantled howler and Geoffroy's spider monkey), as well as many others. In the dry season the river is reduced to little lagoons, channels and beaches which gives home to thousands of migratory birds of many species such as storks, spoonbills, ibis, anhingas, ducks and cormorants. | Caño Negro Wildlife Refuge |
Christ Church, at Zero Garden Street in Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S., is a parish of the Episcopal Diocese of Massachusetts. Built in 1760–61, it was designated a National Historic Landmark as one of the few buildings unambiguously attributable to Peter Harrison, the first formally trained architect to work in the British colonies.
History
The congregation was founded in 1759 by members of the King's Chapel who lived in Cambridge to have a church closer to their homes and to provide Church of England services to students at Harvard College across Cambridge Common. The church's first rector was East Apthorp, and most of the founding members lived along the nearby Tory Row, now called Brattle Street.
The church was designed by noted colonial era architect Peter Harrison, who also designed the King's Chapel in Boston, and is one of a small number of surviving buildings attributable to him. It is built in Georgian style. Its wooden frame rests on a granite foundation built from ballast stones from ships arriving at Boston Harbor. The church was originally finished in a sanded paint treatment to give the appearance of a traditional English stone church.
During the American Revolution Christ Church was attacked by dissenting colonials for its Tory leanings, but it was also the site of a prayer service which George and Martha Washington attended while quartered in the nearby mansion now known as Longfellow House–Washington's Headquarters National Historic Site. The church was closed, and its organ melted down for bullets during the Revolution.
For several years after the American Revolution, the church stood empty. In the later years of the eighteenth century the church was re-opened as an Episcopal Church and has remained so. The original chapel was expanded in 1857 to accommodate a larger congregation and to help raise funds for the church by expanding pew rental income. The church was dramatically redecorated in 1883, but it was restored to its original simplicity in 1920.
Generations of Harvard students from Richard Henry Dana Jr., author of Two Years Before the Mast, to Teddy Roosevelt (having taught Sunday School there for more than 3 years, the young Roosevelt, a Presbyterian, eventually departed after being told he could not continue unless he became an Episcopalian) have made Christ Church their parish home during their studies.
The church was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1960, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1966.
To the east adjacent to the church at the corner of Garden Street and Massachusetts Avenue is a separate historic landmark known as the Old Burying Ground, not affiliated with the chapel or any other church; it pre-dates the present church by over a century.
Christ Church has a long history of social activism, supporting the civil rights movement, the peace movement, and ministries of social justice. In April 1967 the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. and Doctor Benjamin Spock were denied access to a building at Harvard University to hold a press conference denouncing the Vietnam War, but the Reverend Murray Kenney welcomed them to Christ Church; a plaque in the parish hall commemorates the event. Another activist to speak at Christ Church was Jesse Jackson, who spoke as part of a Martin Luther King Jr. celebration in 2004.
Gallery
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Cambridge, Massachusetts
List of National Historic Landmarks in Massachusetts | Christ Church (Cambridge, Massachusetts) |
Jean Ferrat (born Jean Tenenbaum; 26 December 1930 – 13 March 2010) was a French singer-songwriter and poet. He specialized in singing poetry, particularly that of Louis Aragon. He had a left-wing sympathy that found its way into a few songs.
Biography
Ferrat was born in Vaucresson, Hauts-de-Seine, the youngest of four children from a modest family which moved to Versailles in 1935, where Ferrat studied at the Jules Ferry College. His Russian-born father (naturalized in 1928) was forced to wear the yellow star and deported to Auschwitz in 1942, where he died.
In the early 1950s, he started in Parisian cabaret. After that he avoided any particular musical style, but remained faithful to himself, his friends and his public. In 1956, he set "Les yeux d'Elsa" ("Elsa's eyes"), a Louis Aragon poem which Ferrat loved, to music. Its rendition by popular artist André Claveau brought Ferrat some initial recognition as a songwriter.
His first 45 RPM single was released in 1958, without success. It was not until 1959, with publisher Gérard Meys, who also became his close friend and associate, that his career started to flourish. He signed with Decca and released his second single, "Ma Môme", in 1960 under the musical direction of Meys.
In 1961, Ferrat married Christine Sèvres, a singer who performed some of his songs. She died in 1981 at age 50. He met Alain Goraguer, who became an arranger of his songs. His debut album, Deux Enfants du Soleil, was released that year. Ferrat also wrote songs for Zizi Jeanmaire and went on the road, sharing billing with her at the Alhambra for six months.
Nuit et Brouillard ("Night and Fog"), which followed in 1963, was awarded the Académie Charles Cros's Grand Prix du Disque and showed any topic could be put in songs. Ferrat toured again in 1965, but stopped performing on stage in 1973.
In 1990, he received an award from the Société des auteurs, compositeurs et éditeurs de musique, (SACEM) the French association of songwriters, composers and music publishers.
Death
Ferrat died in Aubenas, Ardèche, following a long illness at the age of 79. He lived in Antraigues-sur-Volane, a small village of not even 700 people in Ardeche.
Acclaim
In 2013 Ferrat's song, Nuit et Brouillard, appeared in the BBC's list of 20 songs that changed the world.
In 2015, a tribute album was released by Columbia Records where various artists interpreted songs by Jean Ferrat. The 15-track album titled Hommage à Jean Ferrat: Des airs de liberté contained performances by artists Marc Lavoine, Cali, Dionysos, Julien Doré, Patrick Bruel, Catherine Deneuve, Benjamin Biolay, Raphaël, Patrick Fiori, Grégoire, Sanseverino, Hubert-Félix Thiéfaine, Zebda, Natasha St Pier, Patricia Petibon & Marc Lavoine and "Ma France" sung by Jean Ferrat. The album charted in France, Belgium and Switzerland.
Discography
1961 : Deux enfants au soleil ("Ma Môme", "Federico Garcia Lorca", etc.)
1963 : Nuit et brouillard ("C'est beau la vie", "Nous dormirons ensemble", etc.)
1964 : La Montagne ("Que serais-je sans toi", "Hourrah !", etc.)
1965 : Potemkine ("C'est toujours la première fois", "On ne voit pas le temps passer", etc.)
1966 : Maria ("Heureux celui qui meurt d'aimer", "Un enfant quitte Paris", etc.)
1967 : À Santiago ("Cuba si", "Les Guérilleros", etc.)
1969 : Ma France ("Au printemps de quoi rêvais-tu ?", "L'Idole à papa", etc.)
1970 : Camarade ("Sacré Félicien", "Les Lilas", etc.)
1971 : La Commune ("Les touristes partis", "Aimer à perdre la raison", etc.)
1971 : Ferrat chante Aragon ("Le Malheur d'aimer", "Robert le Diable", etc.) sold more than 2,000,000 copies
1972 : À moi l'Afrique ("Une femme honnête", "Les Saisons", etc.)
1975 : La femme est l'avenir de l'homme ("Dans le silence de la ville", "Un air de liberté", etc.) sold 500,000 copies
1979 : Les Instants volés ("Le Tiers chant", "Le chef de gare est amoureux", etc.)
1980 : Ferrat 80 ("L'amour est cerise", etc.) certified platinum record
including Le Bilan
1985 : Je ne suis qu'un cri ("La Porte à droite", "Le Chataîgnier", etc.)
1991 : Dans la jungle ou dans le zoo ("Les Tournesols", "Nul ne guérit de son enfance", etc.)
1995 : Ferrat chante Aragon Vol. 2 ("Complainte de Pablo Neruda", "Les feux de Paris", "Lorsque s'en vient le soir", etc.)
2002 : Ferrat en scène
Compilations
2009: Best Of (3 CDs) | Jean Ferrat |
In mathematics, more specifically field theory, the degree of a field extension is a rough measure of the "size" of the field extension. The concept plays an important role in many parts of mathematics, including algebra and number theory — indeed in any area where fields appear prominently.
Definition and notation
Suppose that E/F is a field extension. Then E may be considered as a vector space over F (the field of scalars). The dimension of this vector space is called the degree of the field extension, and it is denoted by [E:F].
The degree may be finite or infinite, the field being called a finite extension or infinite extension accordingly. An extension E/F is also sometimes said to be simply finite if it is a finite extension; this should not be confused with the fields themselves being finite fields (fields with finitely many elements).
The degree should not be confused with the transcendence degree of a field; for example, the field Q(X) of rational functions has infinite degree over Q, but transcendence degree only equal to 1.
The multiplicativity formula for degrees
Given three fields arranged in a tower, say K a subfield of L which is in turn a subfield of M, there is a simple relation between the degrees of the three extensions L/K, M/L and M/K:
In other words, the degree going from the "bottom" to the "top" field is just the product of the degrees going from the "bottom" to the "middle" and then from the "middle" to the "top". It is quite analogous to Lagrange's theorem in group theory, which relates the order of a group to the order and index of a subgroup — indeed Galois theory shows that this analogy is more than just a coincidence.
The formula holds for both finite and infinite degree extensions. In the infinite case, the product is interpreted in the sense of products of cardinal numbers. In particular, this means that if M/K is finite, then both M/L and L/K are finite.
If M/K is finite, then the formula imposes strong restrictions on the kinds of fields that can occur between M and K, via simple arithmetical considerations. For example, if the degree [M:K] is a prime number p, then for any intermediate field L, one of two things can happen: either [M:L] = p and [L:K] = 1, in which case L is equal to K, or [M:L] = 1 and [L:K] = p, in which case L is equal to M. Therefore, there are no intermediate fields (apart from M and K themselves).
Proof of the multiplicativity formula in the finite case
Suppose that K, L and M form a tower of fields as in the degree formula above, and that both d = [L:K] and e = [M:L] are finite. This means that we may select a basis {u1, ..., ud} for L over K, and a basis {w1, ..., we} for M over L. We will show that the elements umwn, for m ranging through 1, 2, ..., d and n ranging through 1, 2, ..., e, form a basis for M/K; since there are precisely de of them, this proves that the dimension of M/K is de, which is the desired result.
First we check that they span M/K. If x is any element of M, then since the wn form a basis for M over L, we can find elements an in L such that
Then, since the um form a basis for L over K, we can find elements bm,n in K such that for each n,
Then using the distributive law and associativity of multiplication in M we have
which shows that x is a linear combination of the umwn with coefficients from K; in other words they span M over K.
Secondly we must check that they are linearly independent over K. So assume that
for some coefficients bm,n in K. Using distributivity and associativity again, we can group the terms as
and we see that the terms in parentheses must be zero, because they are elements of L, and the wn are linearly independent over L. That is,
for each n. Then, since the bm,n coefficients are in K, and the um are linearly independent over K, we must have that bm,n = 0 for all m and all n. This shows that the elements umwn are linearly independent over K. This concludes the proof.
Proof of the formula in the infinite case
In this case, we start with bases uα and wβ of L/K and M/L respectively, where α is taken from an indexing set A, and β from an indexing set B. Using an entirely similar argument as the one above, we find that the products uαwβ form a basis for M/K. These are indexed by the Cartesian product A × B, which by definition has cardinality equal to the product of the cardinalities of A and B.
Examples
The complex numbers are a field extension over the real numbers with degree [C:R] = 2, and thus there are no non-trivial fields between them.
The field extension Q(, ), obtained by adjoining and to the field Q of rational numbers, has degree 4, that is, [Q(, ):Q] = 4. The intermediate field Q() has degree 2 over Q; we conclude from the multiplicativity formula that [Q(, ):Q()] = 4/2 = 2.
The finite field (Galois field) GF(125) = GF(53) has degree 3 over its subfield GF(5). More generally, if p is a prime and n, m are positive integers with n dividing m, then [GF(pm):GF(pn)] = m/n.
The field extension C(T)/C, where C(T) is the field of rational functions over C, has infinite degree (indeed it is a purely transcendental extension). This can be seen by observing that the elements 1, T, T2, etc., are linearly independent over C.
The field extension C(T2) also has infinite degree over C. However, if we view C(T2) as a subfield of C(T), then in fact [C(T):C(T2)] = 2. More generally, if X and Y are algebraic curves over a field K, and F : X → Y is a surjective morphism between them of degree d, then the function fields K(X) and K(Y) are both of infinite degree over K, but the degree [K(X):K(Y)] turns out to be equal to d.
Generalization
Given two division rings E and F with F contained in E and the multiplication and addition of F being the restriction of the operations in E, we can consider E as a vector space over F in two ways: having the scalars act on the left, giving a dimension [E:F]l, and having them act on the right, giving a dimension [E:F]r. The two dimensions need not agree. Both dimensions however satisfy a multiplication formula for towers of division rings; the proof above applies to left-acting scalars without change. | Degree of a field extension |
A desk is a piece of furniture intended for writing on, hence writing desk is redundant. It is usually found in an office or study.
Operation
Traditionally, a desk was meant for writing by hand letters but it has adapted to accommodate first typewriters and now computers. Some variations, like the bureau have a top that closes to hide current work, which makes the room containing it look tidy, maintains privacy, and protects the work. The closing top may take the form of a drum that is rolled closed, while others fold closed. The writing surface (or place for lap-top) typically folds down (when also being the lid) or slides out, to preserve the compact size when closed. They usually have bigger drawers below the writing surface and small drawers or "pigeon holes" inside the closing part.
Modern writing desks are designed for laptop computers of the 21st century. They are typically too small for most desktop computers or a printer.
See also
Desk
Drawing board
Stipo a bambocci
Desks | Writing desk |
SV Wilhelmshaven is a German association football club from Wilhelmshaven, Lower Saxony. SV Wilhelmshaven play in the Regionalliga Nord. SV Wilhelmshaven was founded in 1905. Since 1999, Wilhelmshaven's stadium is the Jadestadion.
History
Predecessor side SpVgg Wilhelmshaven was formed as FC Comet in 1905 and was quickly renamed FC Deutschland Wilhelmshaven. In 1912 this club was joined by Heppenser BSV, and later, in 1924, merged with VfB Wilhelmshaven to become Wilhelmshavener SV 1906.
In 1939, SV 06 merged with VfL 1905 Rüstringen to create SpVgg Wilhelmshaven. This side immediately won promotion to the first division Gauliga Niedersachsen, one of sixteen top flight divisions created in the re-organization of German football under the Third Reich in 1933. After the division was split in 1942, the club captured two consecutive titles in the newly formed Gauliga Weser-Ems in 1943 and 1944, but was unable to advance past the eighth-final round in the national playoffs.
In the aftermath of World War II, SpVgg was disbanded as were most other organizations in Germany, including sports and football associations. It was not until 1952 that the club was resurrected. In 1972, they were joined by TSV Germania to form an association under the current name SV Wilhelmshaven.
The combined club spent its first three seasons in the Regionalliga Nord (II)/2.Bundesliga Nord, but then fell to the third tier Amateur Oberliga Nord. SV was relegated to the Verbandsliga Niedersachsen (IV) for the first time in 1980 and since then has played as an elevator side moving between the third and fourth divisions.
In 1992, SVW merged with TSR Olympia Wilhelmshaven, but TSRs footballers left to play on their own on the local city circuit. SVW then had a brush with bankruptcy in 2000, and after being refused permission by the German Football Association for a merger that would have seen the return of Olympias footballers, was forcibly sent down in spite of a respectable finish well clear of relegation.
SV Wilhelmshaven performed well in the Oberliga Nord (IV) and a division championship in 2005–06 returned the team to the Regionalliga Nord (III), briefly ending a five-year stay in the fourth division. The club finished last there in the following season and returned to Oberliga play. SV enjoyed a successful 2007–08 campaign and, on the strength of a third-place finish, qualified for play in what will become the fourth division Regionalliga after the introduction of the new 3. Liga in 2008–09. It spent six seasons in the Regionalliga until 2014 when it was demoted to the tier six Landesliga Weser-Ems. The clubs suffered another relegation, now to the Bezirksliga, after the 2015–16 season.
FIFA lawsuit
SV Wilhelmshaven filed a lawsuit against FIFA, the international governing body of football, regarding the signing in 2007 of free transfer Sergio Sagarzazu. Sagarzazu played 38 times for the club over a year and a half. However, Sagarzazu's former clubs River Plate and Excursionistas filed for compensation in the amount of 157,000 Euros, which is allowed under FIFA's regulations. SV Wilhelmshaven refused to pay, claiming that such fees violated German law. FIFA demanded that the German FA deduct six points from Wilhelmshaven in the 2011–12 season. Despite this deduction, SV Wilhelmshaven managed to avoid relegation from the Regionalliga Nord.
FIFA imposed another six-point deduction in 2012–13 for lack of payment, but again, the club avoided relegation as two other teams went bankrupt. FIFA demanded that the German FA relegate SV Wilhelmshaven for lack of payment following the 2013–14 season. SV Wilhelmshaven filed suit against FIFA in German court to overturn the relegation order, stating that a German Court decision (from 2004) that the payment of training compensation was a restraint of trade under European law of free choice of employment meant that they did not have to pay such compensation. The club were relegated at the end of 2013–14. Months after, the Federal Court of Justice and Oberlandesgericht cleared SV Wilhelmshaven of any wrongdoing.
Honours
The clubs honours:
Oberliga Nord Champions: 2006
Verbandsliga Niedersachsen'
Champions: 1994
Notable players
Renato Bernardi Bauer
Cyrille Florent Bella – played one game for the Cameroon national football team
Jonathan Beaulieu-Bourgault – played for the Canadian national U-20 team at 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup
Riley O'Neill – played for the Canadian national U-20 team at 2005 FIFA World Youth Championship
Christ Bongo – former member of the Congo national football team
Rohan Ricketts - former Premier League, Football League Championship and Major League Soccer player & former member of the England national under-20 football team
Heiko Bonan – former member of the East Germany national football team
Dirk Schuster – former member of the East Germany and Germany national football team
Mike Barten
Fabian Lucassen – played five games for the Germany U-19 team
George Alhassan – former member of the Ghana national under-20 football team
Valdas Ivanauskas – former member of the Lithuania national football team
Romanus Stonkus – former member of the Lithuania national football team who presented his country in twenty-one game and scores one goal
Vidmantas Vysniauskas – former member of the who played two games for the Lithuania national football team
Paweł Kryszałowicz – played in the FIFA World Cup 2002 with the Poland national football team
Jozef Kotula
Karol Praženica – played five games for the Slovakia national football team
Richard Slezak
Igor Bendovskyi – former Ukraine youth international
Marcus Storey – played formerly in the US Major League Soccer
Igor Krulj – former Swedish youth international and Allsvenskan
Former coaches
Hans-Werner Moors (31.10.1999 – 30.06.2002)
Wolfgang Steinbach (01.07.2002 – 04.04.2007)
Kay Stisi (05.04.2007 – 07.09.2007)
Ivica Josić (07.09.2007 – 14.09.2007)
Predrag Uzelac (14.09.2007 – 22.09.2008)
Boris Ekmeščić (23.09.2008 – 04.04.2009) | SV Wilhelmshaven |
{{Infobox military conflict|
image=Bataille de Coutras.jpg|
caption=|
conflict=Battle of Coutras|
partof=the War of the Three Henrys|
date=20 October 1587|
place=Coutras (Gironde)|
result=Huguenot victory|
combatant1= Huguenots|
combatant2= Royalist Army|
commander1= Henry of Navarre|
commander2= Anne de Joyeuse†|
strength1=5,000 infantry 1,800 cavalry|
strength2=5,000 infantry 1,800 cavalry|
casualties1=40 killed|
casualties2=2,000 men, of which 300 nobility|
campaign box= }}
The Battle of Coutras, fought on 20 October 1587, was a major engagement in the French Religious Wars between a Huguenot (Protestant) army under Henry of Navarre (the future Henry IV) and a royalist army led by Anne, Duke of Joyeuse. Henry of Navarre was victorious, and Joyeuse was killed while attempting to surrender.
Context
The Wars of Religion between the Catholics and Protestants in France had begun in 1562 and continued intermittently thereafter, with temporary periods of nominal peace that were often also marked by violence. King Henry III conducted a conciliatory policy, as reflected in the enactment of the Edict of Beaulieu in 1576 and the Edict of Poitiers the following year. But a new crisis arose in 1584 upon the death of the king's only remaining brother, Francis of Alençon. This made Henry of Navarre, a Protestant, heir presumptive to the throne. The League, led by the Duke of Guise, then set the kingdom against the king, who became isolated.
On 18 July 1585, Henry III promulgated an edict canceling all previous edicts, giving precedence "to the Catholics", paying the mercenaries of the League from the Royal Treasury, prohibiting Protestantism in France, and ordering the return of safe Protestant strongholds. Protestants were expelled from power. And while the Guise party won appointments and favours, the king of Navarre was deprived of his functions.
This edict was effectively a declaration of war against the Protestants. Henry of Navarre sought support, initially without success. However, the "privatory bull" (bulle privatoire) by Pope Sixtus V brought him a measure of support from French royalists and Gallican circles; these were joined by the Politiques, supporters of religious tolerance (such as the Governor of Languedoc, Montmorency-Damville) and later England and Denmark, in the wake of the assassination of William of Orange and the success of Spain in its fight against the Protestants of the Netherlands.
Faced with the intransigence of Guise, war was inevitable. Joyeuse was sent south with an army, while Mercoeur invaded Poitou and blocked Condé at La Rochelle.
Battle
The clash of the two cavalry forces was to the advantage of the King of Navarre. The Duke of Joyeuse launched a charge at full gallop; by the time they came into contact, his horses were exhausted, and his squadrons of gendarmes had lost cohesion, rendering them ineffective. For his part, Henry of Navarre adopted an innovative tactic in the disposition of his troops: he inserted platoons of musketeers (five men abreast) within his reiter squadrons, to support them with firepower. The charge of the Protestant pistolier cavalry broke the Royalist heavy lancers, and their army was routed. The Duke of Joyeuse was defeated, captured, and killed by a pistol shot. 2,000 Catholics were also captured along with Anne's younger brother, Claude Joyeuse (1569-1587), lord of Saint-Sauveur and Jacques d'Amboise, the eldest of the branch of Amboise-d'Aubijoux.
Victory went to the Protestants, led by Henry of Navarre. He recovered the body of Joyeuse and attended a mass in honour of his slain enemies.
See also
French Wars of Religion | Battle of Coutras |
Ulemosaurus is an extinct genus of dinocephalian therapsids that lived 265 to 260 million years ago, at Isheevo in Russian Tatarstan. It was a tapinocephalid, a group of bulky herbivores which flourished in the Middle Permian. Ulemosaurus and other tapinocephalians disappeared at the end of the Middle Permian.
Description
Only several partial skeletons and skulls have been found. The skull bones are extremely dense: about at its thickest. This thickening is possibly related to head-butting behavior, as some researchers suggest. The species is considered a herbivore, but because the mandible is heavily constructed some palaeontologists consider it a carnivore, with the species being able to use muscle power to cut prey up with its incisors.
Classification
Ulemosaurus is a large Moschops-like form from Russia; it is probably similar enough to be included as a separate species of Moschops. Despite its advanced characteristics, it lived slightly before the Karoo forms, showing that the Moschopines, and indeed the Tapinocephalidae in general, had already attained their acme by early Capitanian time.
See also
List of therapsids | Ulemosaurus |
Oscar Fredrik Church () is a church in Olivedal in Gothenburg, Sweden. It was drawn by Helgo Zetterwall and erected in the 1890s. Belonging to the Gothenburg Oscar Fredrik Parish of the Church of Sweden (Swedish: Svenska Kyrkan), it was opened on Easter Sunday 1893. The style is Neo Gothic, but the influence is not the Nordic gothic style but rather the style one can find in the large cathedrals in continental Europe. The church and the parish got its name from king Oscar II (Oscar Fredrik being his full name). | Oscar Fredrik Church |
No. 29 (City of Hobart) Squadron is a Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) reserve squadron located in Hobart, Tasmania. The squadron was formed in September 2001 and has the role of training Tasmanian RAAF reservists for air base protection tasks.
History
No. 29 Squadron was formed in Hobart on 1 September 2001 as part of the Royal Australian Air Force's Combat Reserve Wing. Prior to this date the only RAAF presence in Tasmania was the Senior Air Force Officer, Tasmania, who was supported by a small staff. It was hoped that establishing the squadron would encourage more Tasmanians to join the RAAF Reserve, and its formation meant that the RAAF had a reserve unit located in each of Australia's state and territory capital cities. As of January 2005, No. 29 Squadron had a strength of 55 reservists and was aiming to reach a strength of 75 personnel. On 1 January 2006 the squadron's parent unit was redesignated Reserve Training Wing RAAF. No. 29 Squadron was granted the Freedom of Entry to Hobart by the Hobart City Council in a ceremony held on 16 September 2006. At that time it was the only RAAF unit located in Tasmania.
The current role of the squadron is to prepare reservists for air base defence tasks, and to provide personnel for the reinforcement of other RAAF units when required. As there are no RAAF bases or aircraft in Tasmania, the roster of No. 29 Squadron does not contain any aircrew or aircraft maintenance personnel. The squadron also provides parties for ceremonial events in Tasmania, including commemorations of the Battle of Britain at Hobart Cenotaph and commemorative services for individual personnel. No. 29 Squadron is currently based at Anglesea Barracks near Hobart's central business district. | No. 29 Squadron RAAF |
The Lakemba Mosque, also known as the Masjid Ali Bin Abi Talib and officially the Imam Ali bin Abi Taleb Mosque, is Australia's largest mosque. It is located at 71-75 Wangee Road, Lakemba. Owned and managed by the Lebanese Muslim Association (LMA), Lakemba Mosque and the LMA offices are situated contiguously at the same address.
History
A small house on the current site of Lakemba Mosque was purchased and used by the Lebanese Muslim Association from the 1960s as a place of worship. The house was demolished in the early 1970s and construction of the current building commenced. Construction lasted five years, with the mosque being completed in 1977. The opening of the mosque was attended by the former Prime Minister Gough Whitlam. Fundraising for the mosque took place both locally and internationally, with about half the funds coming from the Middle East and the largest single donation coming from the Saudi royal family. Lakemba Mosque was the second purpose-built mosque in Sydney and remains arguably Australia's most well-known and important mosque.
While historically Muslims of Lebanese heritage constituted the majority of the congregation, today people of Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Somali and South-East Asian backgrounds also attend in significant numbers, along with a small but growing number of converts. The overwhelming majority of the congregation is either of Hanafi or Shafi'i background.
Controversies
1977 'Holy War' document
During Ramadan celebrations on September 30, 1977, around 4000 copies of a document calling for a "Holy War" (Jihad) was distributed to worshippers at Lakemba mosque. The document stated that Muslims must wage war against foreign interference and to spread Islam. It also made discriminatory references to Christians, Jews, Hindus and others, referring to them as "infidels" that must be fought. Middle Eastern Christian groups such as the Maronites and Copts believed that the document was created by Muslim Brotherhood members active at the mosque.
Taj El-Din Hilaly
Taj El-Din Hilaly, the former Imam of Lakemba Mosque from the 1980s till 2007 (and whose wages were paid by Gaddafi's Libyan Islamic Call Society and private individuals") is known to have made numerous controversial statements.
1988 speech regarding Jews
In 1988 when Hilaly delivered a lecture to a group of Muslim students at University of Sydney on the topic "The Disposition of Jews in the light of the Qur'an." He was quoted as saying:
Hilaly has not since apologised nor retracted his comments, in which he accused Jews of "causing all wars."
February 2004 sermon
In February 2004 Hilaly gave a sermon at a mosque in Sidon, Lebanon, whilst overseas the text of which was translated by the Australian Embassy in Beirut. It appeared to show him supporting terrorist attacks. In his sermon, Hilaly said:
In his speech, he also predicted that Muslims would control the White House and appeared to support Hezbollah. The Australian Federal Police declined to investigate his activities overseas.
2006 Holocaust denial
In July 2006 Hilaly was sacked from Prime Minister of Australia John Howard's Muslim Community Reference Group following comments he made in which he denied the Holocaust, calling it a "Zionist lie". He also referred to Israel as a "cancer". This prompted calls for legal action to be pursued against him in a country which has the highest per-capita number of Holocaust survivors in the world outside Israel.
October 2006 sermon
In October 2006, Hilaly delivered a Ramadan sermon in Arabic in which he made statements concerning female clothing which proved highly controversial. The key part of these was:
He also said, "in the state of zina, the responsibility falls 90 per cent of the time on the woman. Why? Because she possesses the weapon of enticement (igraa)." Hilaly later claimed that he had intended to suggest that "if a woman who shows herself off, she is to blame...but a man should be able to control himself." He also contended that his references to the prison sentence of Bilal Skaf, the leader of a group of Lebanese Australians who committed gang rapes in Sydney in 2000, in which he said that women would "sway suggestively" before men "and then you get a judge without mercy (rahma) and gives you 65 years", were aimed at illustrating the need for harsh sanctions for rape.
There was a significant backlash to Hilaly's comments.
Alleged link to Al-Qaeda
In February 2009, a Sydney Morning Herald journalist was ejected from the Lakemba mosque and the newspaper later reported that Anwar al-Awlaki, a key organizer, recruiter and spiritual motivator for the Islamist terrorist group al-Qaeda, spoke via phone link. A director of the mosque said that Shady Alsuleiman was in charge of organising evening youth events at the time of the sermon.
Alleged sectarianism
In March 2015, adjunct professor Clive Williams at Macquarie University's Centre for Policing, Intelligence & Counter Terrorism wrote that Sunni Muslims did not welcome Shia Muslims at the mosque.
Christmas controversy
In late 2012 Shaykh Safi told the congregation, during prayers, that they should not take part in anything to do with Christmas. A fatwa warned that, "disbelievers are trying to draw Muslims away from the straight path". The Grand Mufti of Australia, Ibrahim Abu Mohamed, said these views did not represent the majority of Muslims in Australia. Keysar Trad, former director and president of the LMA, said they previously greeted people with Merry Christmas, "I don't know what has changed."
Mosque personnel
Lakemba Mosque has a number of staff who assist in the running and maintenance of the mosque. Currently the mosque has three official Imams:
The Imam of Lakemba Mosque is Shaykh Yahya Safi, who worked as an Imam in Lebanon before his appointment at the Lakemba Mosque in 1996. Shaykh Yahya gives the khutbah every fortnight, unless there is a visiting Shaykh from overseas.
The assistant Imam as of 2016 is Shaykh Mohammed Gomaa from Egypt. Shaykh Gomaa is a bilingual Imam who was trained at Egypt's prestigious Al-Azhar University. He specialises in Qur'anic Commentary and alternates in giving the Friday sermon each fortnight.
The deputy assistant Imam, as of 2015, is Shaykh Mohamed Harby. Shaykh Mohamed is a qāriʾ from Egypt who specialises in the sciences of Qur'an which he teaches at an advanced level to students at the Lebanese Muslim Association.
Due its influence and significance, the mosque regularly hosts and is a first stop for visiting Islamic scholars from overseas.
Activities
The mosque offers a number of religious classes, such as in prophetic biography, fiqh and aqidah. The mosque gives a platform to a number of local Shaykhs to speak and teach, such as Shaykh Wesam Charkawi. Since 2014, the mosque has served as the centre of the National Mosque Open Day event.
Several thousand worshippers normally attend weekly prayers on Fridays. In 2015 around 30,000 worshippers attended Eid prayers at the mosque and in the road outside, making it one of Australia's largest Eid celebrations. In 2016, an estimated 40,000-50,000 attended Eid prayers.
See also
Islam in Australia
Islamic schools and branches
List of mosques in Oceania | Lakemba Mosque |
Wilho F. Saari (July 7, 1932 – January 19, 2022) was a Finnish American player of the kantele, the Finnish psaltery. Kreeta Haapasalo, a well-known kantele player in Finland in the 19th century, was his great-great grandmother. Wilho's father, Wilho Sr., also performed the kantele in public, only in Washington, having brought a kantele with him to America in 1915.
In 2005, Washington's governor, Christine Gregoire, awarded Saari the Governor's Heritage Award for his work popularizing and teaching the kantele. Wilho Saari is a resident of Naselle, Washington. In 2006, Saari was one of ten recipients of the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) award of a National Heritage Fellowship, the country's highest honor in the folk and traditional arts.
Saari both taught and performed around the country. In Astoria, Oregon and Naselle, Washington he performed at FinnFest USA '06, an annual national festival, where he participated in the world premiere of a Kantele Mass composed by Jarkko Yli-Annala.
Saari was married for over 50 years to his "Roadie" Kaisa, of Kuopio, Finland. Together, they had two children. Saari also had six grandchildren. He died on January 19, 2022, at the age of 89. | Wilho Saari |
David Bradley Woodall (born June 25, 1969) is a former professional baseball pitcher. He played parts of five seasons in Major League Baseball between 1994 and 1999 for the Atlanta Braves, Milwaukee Brewers and Chicago Cubs.
Career
Woodall played college baseball for the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. While at UNC in 1990, he played collegiate summer baseball with the Wareham Gatemen of the Cape Cod Baseball League and was named a league all-star.
A left-hander, Atlanta signed Woodall as an amateur free agent in 1991. He made his Major League debut with the Braves on July 22, 1994, and appeared in his final game on May 5, 1999. | Brad Woodall |
Ludwig van Beethoven's Opus 1 is a set of three piano trios (written for piano, violin, and cello), first performed in 1795 in the house of Prince Lichnowsky, to whom they are dedicated. The trios were published in 1795.
Despite the Op. 1 designation, these trios were not Beethoven's first published compositions; this
distinction belongs rather to his Dressler Variations for keyboard (WoO 63). Clearly he recognized the Op. 1 compositions as the earliest ones he had produced that were substantial enough (and marketable enough) to fill out a first major publication to introduce his style of writing to the musical public.
Op. 1 No. 1 - Piano Trio No. 1 in E-flat major
Allegro (E-flat major),
Adagio cantabile (A-flat major),
Scherzo. Allegro assai (E-flat major, with trio in A-flat major),
Finale. Presto (E-flat major),
The first movement opens with an ascending arpeggiated figure (a so-called Mannheim Rocket, like that opening the first movement of the composer's own Piano Sonata no 1, Opus 2 no 1),
Op. 1 No. 2 - Piano Trio No. 2 in G major
Adagio, - Allegro vivace, (G major)
Largo con espressione (E major),
Scherzo. Allegro (G major, with a trio in B minor),
Finale. Presto (G major),
Op. 1 No. 3 - Piano Trio No. 3 in C minor
Allegro con brio (C minor),
Andante cantabile con Variazioni (E-flat major),
Minuetto. Quasi allegro (C minor, with a trio in C major),
Finale. Prestissimo (C minor, concluding in C major),
Unlike the other piano trios in this opus, the third trio does not have a scherzo as its third movement but a minuet instead.
This third piano trio was later reworked by Beethoven into the C minor string quintet, Op. 104. | Piano Trios, Op. 1 (Beethoven) |
LMCS may refer to:
Lockheed Martin Control Systems, the former name of the Platform Solutions division of BAE Systems Electronics, Intelligence & Support
Logical Methods in Computer Science, a scientific journal in theoretical computer science
IEEE 802, the LAN/MAN Standards Committee (LMCS)
See also
LMC (disambiguation) | LMCS |
Clement Howell (December 10, 1935 – August 2, 1987) was a politician from the Turks and Caicos Islands. He served on a four-member interim advisory council beginning in July 1986, after two previous chief ministers were forced to resign and the ministerial government in the territory was suspended.
The Ministerial government resumed after elections were held in early 1988.
Early life
Clement Howell was born on 10 December 1935 in Blue Hills, Providenciales, Turks and Caicos Islands to Edgar Cornelius Howell and Christiana Howell née Rigby. He was the last of six children who lived to see their adulthood.
Clement attended the Blue Hills All Age school (now the Oseta Jolly Primary) and later went on to the Turks and Caicos High School on Grand Turk (now the HJ Robinson High School). During his young adult years, he served as secretary to the District Board for Providenciales and at one point also served as chairman of the board. These areas of service to his community placed him in good a good position to become a district constable. Also, his success at high school made him a prime candidate for a post as a teacher at the Five Cays All Age School and later at the Blue Hills All Age school, where he was once a student.
Marriage & Family
Howell met and married the former Ellen Amelia Jolly. She had relocated to Providenciales, when her mother, Oseta Jolly was transferred there to work as the headteacher for the Blue Hills All Age school. Their wedding took place on January 6, 1957. They had nine children.
Life's Work
Clement Howell played a key role in the adjudication process which took place in 1967. He assisted with surveys and registrations and helped many of the residents of Providenciales acquire proper paperwork for their estates. From 1969 to 1970 he was successful at gaining a scholarship to pursue studies at Moray House College of Education in Edinburgh, Scotland where he read for a diploma in Primary School Administration. After completing his studies, he was appointed as headteacher of the Blue Hills Primary School and continued in this post until he was transferred to the District Administration Department as District Commissioner for Providenciales in 1976. With the advent of Ministerial Government in the Turks and Caicos Islands came the demand for permanent secretaries to each of the ministries that were allowed for in the 1976 constitution. In August 1979 Clement Howell was appointed as a Permanent Secretary to the minister responsible for education, health, and welfare. In May 1980, after the death of the country's first chief minister, Howell was transferred to the post of Permanent Secretary to the country's second Chief Minister, Oswald O. Skippings. In November 1980, the People's Democratic Movement (PDM) lost their bid for reelection to the Progressive National Party (PNP) and Howell was re-appointed as headteacher of the Blue Hills Primary School by the PNP administration.
In 1984 Howell resigned his post as headteacher and joined the political arena, where he announced his candidacy to become the representative for Providenciales in the Legislative Council of the Turks and Caicos Islands. After the elections of 1984, he took the oath of office as a member of the Legislative Council for Providenciales and leader of the official opposition. He held both posts until the constitution was suspended in 1986. With the new arrangements for governing the territory, in the absence of ministerial government, Howell was among those selected to serve on an advisory council to the governor. Under pressure from members of his party, Howell later resigned as a member of the advisory council and by mid-1987, he was superseded as leader of the PDM by another of the party's loyalist.
Howell's sphere of influence also spanned his work at Bethany Baptist Church, where he worshipped. He served his church as a deacon and on Providenciales, as secretary of the Providenciales Baptist Association. His work also included a stint of service as secretary and then as president of the Turks and Caicos Islands Baptist Union. He represented his church and the Baptist family of churches at several conferences, including at regional and international events.
He was an outstanding member of the Kiwanis Club of Providenciales and held several memberships in other clubs and service-oriented organisations. A part of his life's work was to see a high school established on Providenciales to meet the educational/social needs of the young people and to put a stop to these young people having to leave home, travelling to Grand Turk, South & North Caicos or The Bahamas for high school education. During his time as a member of the Legislative Council for Providenciales, he worked tenaciously with members of the community and together, they accomplished their goal. The Providenciales High School opened its doors in September 1987.
Disappearance
Towards the end of July 1987, Howell travelled to Nassau, Bahamas to witness the wedding of one of his nephews. On Sunday, August 2, 1987, Howell, along with W. Livingston Swann - his brother-in-law, Martin Walkin, Stanley Gardiner, and pilot, Ken Gardiner, boarded a five-seater Piper Aztec with the call letters N622RH, en route for Providenciales. The plane never arrived and was presumed to have crashed into the sea, killing all on board. The US Coast Guard, BASRA and other local search operations were called off a few days later. Nothing was ever found of the aircraft or the people on board.
Honours
The Providenciales High School was renamed the Clement Howell High School in 1991 in recognition of the stalwart contribution Clement Howell made to the field of education in the Turks and Caicos Islands and in honour of his contribution to agitating for the building of the school.
During the PDM Convention of 2006 Mr. C. Howell was honoured for his contribution to the party and to the development of politics in the Turks and Caicos Islands.
While celebrating the 20th anniversary of the high school, the organisers unveiled a bust of Clement Howell near the entrance of the school and published a commemorative magazine featuring his life and work.
See also
List of people who disappeared mysteriously at sea | Clement Howell |
Salicylate testing is a category of drug testing that is focused on detecting salicylates such as acetysalicylic acid for either biochemical or medical purposes.
Analytical
Salicylates can be identified by GC/MS, proton NMR, and IR.
In vitro
One of the first in vitro tests for aspirin was through the Trinder reaction. Aqueous ferric chloride was added to a urine sample, and the formation of the iron complex turned the solution purple. This test was not specific to acetylsalicylic acid but would occur in the presence of any phenol or enol. The downfall of this test occurs in the presence of hyperbilirubinemia or elevated bilirubin. When the level of bilirubin exceeds 1 mg/dl, a false positive could occur.
Enzyme Specific Assay
The current in vitro testing utilizes molecule specific methods of detecting salicylates.
Immunoassay
Another identification mechanism is through immunoassay. Abbott Labs' AxSYM is an immunoassay device utilizing Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay (FPIA) technology that can determine the presence and quantify salicylates. The introduction of a salicylate specific antigen labeled with fluorescein into the sample will mark the sample. Upon irradiation with 490nm light, some of that light will be reflected back to a detector at 520nm. Polarization allows the machine to detect the difference between antibody bound, and unbound fluorescein. It is therefore possible to quantify the serum salicylate level through the signal strength—the amount of reflected light received. | Salicylate testing |
Child World was an American toy retailer founded in 1962. It grew to 182 sites and revenues of $830 million (~$ in ) before failing in 1992. It was known for the distinctive stylized castle store exterior adopted after its 1975 purchase of the Children's Palace store chain.
History
Beginnings and early expansion
Child World was founded by Sid Schneider and Joseph Arnesano in Quincy, Massachusetts in 1962. It became a publicly-traded corporation in 1968, based in Avon, Massachusetts.
After its acquisition of Children's Palace, from Kobacker Stores in 1975, Child World became the second largest toy retailer in the United States after Toys "R" Us. In many areas Child World stores operated near Toys "R" Us locations.
Post merger, Child World began incorporating the Children's Palace stylized castle decor into its new stores. The 1981 purchase of Child World by Cole National Corporation was followed by 1984's Kohlberg Kravis Roberts takeover of Cole.
Until 1990 under President Peter Hayes, Child World employed a warehouse merchandising style with long aisles and over-stock storage above selling shelves.
Sales began to decline by the late 1980s, so in 1989 the chain announced a different store format. It was initially trialed in Framingham, Massachusetts, near the Shoppers World mall with competitor Toys "R" Us a block away. The new store had a strong first-day and performed well in the firm's critical Christmas selling season. Management announced 11 existing sites would be converted from 1990 through 1992 using the new design. That was not to be.
Downfall
In 1990, Peter Hayes and several fellow executives were terminated. Consumer confidence was generally low and there were no must have toys on the market to drive sales as they had done in the 1980s.
Cole National began restricting the amount of money it provided to the subsidiary causing cash shortages. Vendors including LEGO refused to extend credit which left stores with empty shelves. Meanwhile Toys "R" Us continued to grow and Child World had to defend a lawsuit from the Consumer Products Safety Commission.
Child World ended 1990 with US$830 million in assets but US$1 billion in liabilities. Cole National sought to sell the ailing chain. A US$157 million deal fell through and there were no other buyers. In 1991, it emerged senior executive James Maybury had been diverting revenue to fund a museum he intended to open in Dracut, MA. Cole National had to perform a debt trade with fellow venture capital firm Avon Investment Limited Partnership later that year in order to shed the business. Avon appointed former Toys "R" Us executives but results remained poor and in early 1992 Child World closed 26 stores.
Bankruptcy, failed merger, and liquidation
In April 1992, Child World applied for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection causing former Child World managers and Cole National executives to file a class-action lawsuit against Avon, accusing it of sabotaging the company so they could liquidate it and avoid payments to them. A further 54 stores were identified for closure as Child World focussed on 71 previously profitable Northeastern United States stores it sought funds to keep open. Lenders were not forthcoming and the business reported further losses. Avon sought a last ditch merger of Child World with Lionel Corporation's also financially troubled Lionel Kiddie City but were ultimately unable to agree terms. An “inventory clearance" sale became a liquidation; most headquarters staff were sacked, and by mid September 1992 Child World ceased to exist. Lionel Kiddie City went out of business one year later.
Store design
Child World was known largely for making its stores resemble castles, complete with turrets, battlements, and three arches (two small, one large) in the front door. The corporate logo was written in a "refrigerator magnet"-like typeface. The design started showing up in newer Child World stores after the 1977 acquisition of Children's Palace. After the company went out of business, some of the retailers that took over the Child World spaces retained the design, but most did not.
Mascot
The mascot for Child World was originally a cartoon rabbit named Happy Rabbit who sported the words "I'm Happy" on his T-shirt. He was later replaced by a cartoon panda bear named Peter Panda, often depicted wearing overalls with his name printed on them.
In popular culture
A Child World store that stood at 7600 West Roosevelt Road in Forest Park, Illinois (since demolished), was used in Martin Scorsese's 1986 film The Color of Money as the place where Vincent Lauria (Tom Cruise) worked as a toy-store clerk, and where retired pool hustler Eddie 'Fast Eddie' Felson (Paul Newman) came to see him to convince him to be his protégé in pool.
Mark Wahlberg mentions it in Ted 2, as the place where Ted the foul-mouthed bear was purchased. | Child World |
Oregon's 2006 statewide election included a May 16 primary election and a November 7 general election.
Ten statewide ballot measures were on the November ballot.
The following offices were up for election: Governor, Supreme Court Position 6 (to succeed Wallace P. Carson, Jr.), and numerous seats in the state legislature (House of Representatives and Senate), the state Circuit Courts, and the District Attorney's offices.
Offices that were uncontested, or local to various towns, counties, or regions, were also on Oregon ballots. Such races are not listed on this page.
Election process
Both partisan and non-partisan offices were at stake in the 2006 election cycle. Oregon conducts partisan and non-partisan elections differently:
For partisan offices (such as the state legislature and governor's races), major parties (Democratic and Republican) run candidates in the Primary to select their nominee for the General Election. (The state takes on the administrative and financial burden of primaries for the two major parties, while other parties determine their candidate according to whatever nominating process they choose.) A plurality (that is, more votes than any opponent) is sufficient for a major party candidate to win nomination; candidates need not get more than 50% of the vote to advance to the General Election.
Non-partisan offices (such as judges, district attorneys, and superintendent) may be filled in the Primary, if any candidate wins a majority of the vote. If no candidate wins over 50% of the vote, however, the top two vote-winners will face each other in a runoff in the November General Election.
County governments conduct the elections. Immediately after an election, their web sites
are the best place to find accurate election results. The Secretary of State's office posts official results 30 days after an election.
Voter statistics and turnout
According to the Annual Oregon Population Report for 2005, the total estimated population of Oregon as of July 1, 2005 was 3,631,440, of which 2,765,827 were of voting age. Of these, 69,146 were ineligible to vote due to legal impediments, leaving an estimated 2,696,681 Oregonians eligible to vote. 1,976,669 voters were in fact registered for the 2006 election, 73.3% of those estimated eligible, and 70.8% of these registered voters or 1,399,650 voters actually did cast their ballots.
Key: abbreviations of Oregon political parties
(I) Independent Party of Oregon
(C) Constitution Party of Oregon
(D) Democratic Party of Oregon
(G) Pacific Green Party of Oregon
(L) Libertarian Party of Oregon
(R) Republican Party of Oregon
(N) non-affiliated (no party affiliation)
Candidates (Legislative)
U.S. Congress
All five of Oregon's federal congressional districts in the U.S. House of Representatives were up for election in 2006. All incumbents (four Democrats, one Republican) won re-election.
Neither of Oregon's US Senate seats was up for election in 2006.
Current US Senators for Oregon:
Gordon Smith (R)
Ron Wyden (D)
State Legislature
In the bicameral Oregon Legislative Assembly, each of the 30 Senate districts is composed of exactly two House districts.
Detailed district boundaries may be found at the Secretary of State's web site.
Oregon's state house in its entirety comes up for election in even-numbered years. All 60 biennially elected seats in the House were up for election. Each seat has a 2-year term with no term limits. The Democrats won in 31 of 60 districts, gaining four seats and control of Oregon's state house for the first time since 1990.
Oregon State Senators serve four-year terms without term limits. Their terms are staggered so that only half of the Senators are up for re-election every two even-numbered years.
The Republicans lost one seat in the state senate, because Senator Westlund, although not up for election, switched first to non-partisan Independent to challenge for the governor's seat, then withdrew from that race and re-registered as a Democrat, gaining the Democrats one seat. The Democrats, however, also lost Senator Gordly, who was not up for election either, but she re-registered as a non-partisan Independent. Outside the party changes by these two individual Senators, no other seats in the Senate shifted party as a result of the election, although three incumbents declined to run for various reasons and another lost his primary.
Most races were not strongly contested in the general election. In 60% of the legislative races, the "underdog" candidate raised less than 25% of the funds his or her opponent raised. Also, in 85% of the 75 legislative races, the winner was the candidate who raised more money.
Candidates for the Oregon Senate and House are listed in the chart below. House districts are listed next to the Senate district to which they belong (rather than listing the Senate and House in separate charts.) The counties covered by each Senate district are listed in italics, with (parentheses) if the county extends into other districts. Box colors indicate party affiliation for both incumbents and General Election winners (light blue for Democrats, light red for Republicans). Names and statistics of general election winners are also boldfaced.
For primary candidates, see Oregon primary election, 2006.
Results
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="color:darkgreen"
! width=100 | Senate District, incumbent, county(s)
! width=100 | House District, incumbent
! width=100 | Notes
! width=175 | Candidates
! width=30 | Votes Garnered
! width=20 | Margin
|- valign="top"
| rowspan=3| 1 Jeff Kruse (R)
Curry (Coos) (Douglas)
| colspan=3| This senate seat not up for election in 2006
|
|-
| |1 Wayne Krieger (R)
|
| Wayne Krieger (R) Robert Taylor (L) Write-ins
| | 16,736 5,861 182
| | 73.47% 25.73% .80%
|-
| |2 Susan Morgan (R)
| Morgan ran unopposed
| Susan Morgan (R) Write-ins
| | 16,962 453
| | 97.40% 2.60%
|- valign="top"
| rowspan=3| 2 Jason Atkinson (R)
Josephine
| colspan=3| This senate seat not up for election in 2006
|-
| |3 Gordon Anderson (R)
| Anderson announced resignation after Primary filing deadline
| Ron Maurer (R) Howard Owens (D) Write-ins
| | 14,394 8,645 47
| | 62.35% 37.45% .20%
|-
| |4 Dennis Richardson (R)
| * editorial by Richardson
| Dennis Richardson (R) Richard Koopmans (D) Write-ins
| | 16,604 7,214 71
| | 69.50% 30.20% .30%
|- valign="top"
| rowspan=3| 3 Alan C. Bates (D)
Jackson
|
|
| Alan C. Bates (D) Lynn Aiello(R) Write-ins
| | 30,552 17,321 92
| | 63.7% 36.11% .19%
|-
| | 5 Peter Buckley (D)
| Buckley ran unopposed
| Peter Buckley (D) Write-ins
| | 19,310 496
| | 97.50% 2.50%
|-
| |6 Sal Esquivel (R)
|
| Sal Esquivel(R) Mike Moran (D) Write-ins
| | 11,423 10,541 43
| | 51.91% 47.90% .20%
|- valign="top"
| rowspan=3| 4 Floyd Prozanski (D)
(Douglas) (Lane)
|
|
| Floyd Prozanski (D) Bill Eddie (R) Write-ins
| | 30,402 17,327 96
| | 63.57% 36.23% .20%
|-
| | 7 Bruce Hanna (R)
| Laura Aviani-Skinner (I) filed but did not qualify, for the third time.
| Bruce Hanna (R) Write-ins
| | 15,505 664
| | 95.89% 4.11%
|-
| | 8 Paul Holvey (D)
|
| Paul R. Holvey (D) Andrew Hill (R) Write-ins
| | 18,481 5,460 63
| | 76.99% 22.75% .26%
|- valign="top"
| rowspan=3| 5 Joanne Verger (D)
Lincoln (Lane) (Douglas) (Coos) (Yamhill) (Tillamook)
| colspan=3| This senate seat not up for election in 2006
|
|-
| |9 Arnie Roblan (D)
|
| Arnie Roblan (D) Al Pearn (R) Write-ins
| | 13,340 9,793 32
| | 57.59% 42.27% .14%
|-
| | 10 Alan Brown (R)
|
| Jean Cowan (D) Alan Brown (R) Write-ins
| | 12,904 12,112 68
| | 51.44% 48.29% 0.14%
|- valign="top"
| rowspan=3| 6 Bill Morrisette (D)
(Lane) (Linn)
|
|
|Bill Morrisette (D) Renee Lindsey (R) Write-ins
| |14,753 30,161 99
| |32.77% 67.01% 0.22%
|-
| |11 Phil Barnhart (D)
|
| Phil Barnhart (D) J. Oakley (R) Write-ins
| | 16,206 10,009 57
| | 61.69% 38.10% 0.22%
|-
| | 12 Elizabeth Terry Beyer (D)
|
| Terry Beyer (D) Bill Lioio (R) Write-ins
| | 11,015 6,093 36
| | 64.25% 35.54% 0.21%
|- valign="top"
| rowspan=3|7 Vicki Walker (D)
(Lane)
|
|
| Vicki Walker (D) Jim Torrey (R) Write-ins
| | 25,667 23,962 134
| | 51.58% 48.15% 0.27%
|-
| | 13 Robert Ackerman (D)
|Thomas Ray Albright, Republican nominee, withdrew August 1; replaced by Monica Johnson, loser of Republican primary to challenge for Oregon's 4th District U.S. House. That challenge was also lost.
| Nancy Nathanson (D) Monica Johnson (R) Write-ins
| | 17,505 6,622 73
| | 72.33% 27.36% 0.30%
|-
| |14 Debi Farr (R)
|
| Chris Edwards (D) Debi Farr (R) Write-ins
| |12,320 11,257 56
| |52.13% 47.63% 0.24%
|- valign="top"
| rowspan=3| 8 Frank Morse (R)
(Benton) (Linn)
|
|
| Frank Morse (R) Mario E. Magana Write-ins
| |27,127 18,767 134
| |58.94% 40.77% 0.29%
|-
| |15 Andy Olson (R)
|
| Andy Olson (R) Sam H.W Sappington (D) Write-ins
| | 16,317 7,634 47
| | 67.99% 31.81% 0.20%
|-
| | 16 Sara Gelser (D)
|
| Sara Gelser (D) Robin M. Brown (R) Write-ins
| | 15,058 7,252 40
| | 67.37% 32.45% 0.18%
|- valign="top"
| rowspan=3| 9 Roger Beyer (R)
(Clackamas) (Linn)
| colspan=3| This senate seat not up for election in 2006
|
|-
| |17 Jeff Kropf (R)
| Kropf dropped out of the race in July. Girod was chosen 8/13 as the new nominee. (another article in Albany Democrat-Herald)
| Fred Girod (R) Dan Thackaberry (D) Write-ins
| |12,658 8,682 91
| |59.06% 40.51% 0.42%
|-
| |18 Mac Sumner (R)
| Sumner announced his resignation shortly after winning the election.
| Mac Sumner (R) Jim Gilbert (D) Roger Shipman (C) Write-ins
| | 11,526 9,840 504 34
| | 52.62% 44.92% 2.30% 0.16%
|- valign="top"
| rowspan=3| 10 Jackie Winters (R)
(Marion)
|
|
|Jackie Winters (R) Paul Evans (D) Write-ins
| |24,641 21,232 99
| |53.60% 46.18% 0.22%
|-
| | 19 Kevin Cameron (R)
| Jerry DeFoe was chosen 6/3 as the Libertarian nominee, filed 6/5, then withdrew 6/23 and instead challenged for Oregon's 5th District U.S. House seat and lost.
|Kevin Cameron (R) Brian Grisham (D) Write-ins
| | 12,506 9,529 54
| | 56.62% 43.14% 0.24%
|-
| |20 Vicki Berger (R)
|
|Vicki Berger (R) Connie Garcia (D) Write-ins
| | 13,382 9,040 79
| | 59.47% 40.18% 0.35%
|- style="color:darkgreen"
! Senate District, incumbent, county(s)
! House District, incumbent
! Notes
! Candidates
! Votes Garnered
! Margin
|- valign="top"
| rowspan=3| 11 Peter Courtney (D)
(Marion)
|
|
| Peter Courtney(D) Jared Thatcher (R) Keith Humphrey (C) Write-ins
| |15,593 10,814 767 49
| |57.28% 39.72% 2.82% 0.18%
|-
| | 21 Billy Dalto (R)
| August article in Statesman-Journal
| Brian Clem (D) Billy Dalto (R) Write-ins
| | 9,598 6,025 101
| | 61.04% 38.32% 0.64%
|-
| |22 Betty Komp (D)
|
| Betty Komp (D) Carl Wieneke (R) Michael Marsh (C) Write-ins
| | 5,830 5,090 381 22
| | 51.49% 44.95% 3.36% 0.19%
|- valign="top"
| rowspan=3| 12 Gary George (R)
(Polk) (Yamhill)
| colspan=3| This senate seat not up for election in 2006
|
|-
| | 23 Brian Boquist (R)
|
| Brian Boquist (R) Jason Brown (D) Paul Delaney (L) Write-ins
| | 13,422 8,760 942 27
| | 57.98% 37.84% 4.07% 0.12%
|-
| | 24 Donna G. Nelson (R)
| Statesman Journal Endorses Peralta, News Register Endorses Peralta
| Donna G. Nelson (R) Sal Peralta (D) David Terry (L) Write-ins
| | 11,206 10,847 85 160
| | 48.58% 47.03% 3.69% 0.69%
|- valign="top"
| rowspan=3| 13 Charles Starr (R)
(Washington) (Yamhill) (Polk)
|
| Incumbent Senator Starr lost his party's primary to Larry George.
| Larry George (R) Rick Ross (D) Write-ins
| |26,504 18,318 117
| |58.98% 40.76% 0.26%
|-
| |25 Kim Thatcher (R)
|
| Kim Thatcher (R) Charles E. Lee (D) Write-ins
| |11,956 8,977 38
| |57.01% 42.81% 0.18%
|-
| |26 Jerry Krummel (R)
|
| Jerry Krummel (R) Lee Coleman (D) Charles F. Radley (L) Write-ins
| | 14,424 9,313 617 33
| |59.15% 38.19% 2.53% 0.14%
|- valign="top"
| rowspan=3| 14 Ryan Deckert (D)
(Washington)
| colspan=3| This senate seat not up for election in 2006
|
|-
| |27 Mark Hass (D)
| Incumbent Representative Hass declined to run for a fourth term.
| Tobias Read (D) Dominic Biggi (R) Write-ins
| | 14,325 9,706 43
| | 59.50% 40.32% 0.18%
|-
| |28 Jeff Barker (D)
|
| Jeff Barker (D) Eldon Derville-Teer (R) Write-ins
| |10,924 5,912 86
| |64.56% 34.94% 0.51%
|- valign="top"
| rowspan=3| 15 Bruce Starr (R)
(Washington)
|
| Oregonian profile of Napolitano
| Bruce Starr (R) John Napolitano (D) Write-ins
| |19,973 16,308 71
| |54.94% 44.86% 0.20%
|-
| |29 Chuck Riley (D)
|
| Chuck Riley (D) Terry Rilling (R) Scott Harwood (L) Write-ins
| | 7,987 6,659 769 34
| | 51.70% 43.10% 4.98% 0.22%
|-
| |30 Derrick Kitts (R)
| Kitts challenged incumbent David Wu for Oregon's 1st US Congress District and lost.
| David Edwards (D) Everett Curry (R) Ken Cunningham (C) Write-ins
| | 12,253 8,965 442 38
| | 56.47% 41.32% 2.04% 0.18%
|- valign="top"
| rowspan=3| 16 Betsy Johnson (politician) (D)
Clatsop Columbia (Tillamook) (Washington)
|
|
| Betsy Johnson (politician) (D) Don Fell (R) Robert J. Simmering (C) Write-ins
| | 30,645 16,040 1,429 85
| |63.58% 33.28% 2.96% 0.18%
|-
| |31 Brad Witt (D)
|
| Brad Witt (D) Mike Kocher (R) Bob Ekström (C) Write-ins
| |13,975 6,955 2,802 62
| |58.73% 29.23% 11.78% 0.26%
|-
| |32 Deborah Boone (D)
|
| Deborah Boone (D) Norm Myers (R) Write-ins
| | 14,876 9,112 61
| |61.86% 37.89% 0.25%
|- valign="top"
| rowspan=3| 17 Charlie Ringo (D)
(Multnomah)
|
| Incumbent Senator Ringo declined to run January 12, 2006
| Brad Avakian (D) Piotr Kuklinski (R) Richard Whitehead (L) John R. Pivarnik (C) Write-ins
| | 31,612 13,497 1,445 371 89
| |67.24% 28.71% 3.07% 0.79% 0.19%
|-
| |33 Mitch Greenlick (D)
|
| Mitch Greenlick (D) Mark Eggleston (R) David E. Long (L) Write-ins
| |19,481 7,378 1,080 62
| |69.57% 26.35% 3.86% 0.22%
|-
| |34 Brad Avakian (D)
| Incumbent Representative Avakian ran in Oregon's 17th Senate district race and won, after Incumbent Senator Ringo declined to run.
| Suzanne Bonamici (D) Joan Draper (R) Gregory F. Rohde (L) Write-ins
| |11,780 6,902 439 27
| |61.52% 36.05% 2.29% 0.14%
|- valign="top"
| rowspan=3| 18 Ginny Burdick (D)
(Multnomah) (Washington)
| colspan=3| This senate seat not up for election in 2006
|
|-
| |35 Larry Galizio (D)
|
| Larry Galizio (D) Shirley Parsons (R) Write-ins
| |12,628 10,000 47
| |55.69% 44.10% 0.21%
|-
| |36 Mary Nolan (D)
|
|Mary Nolan (D) Frank Dane (L) Write-ins
| |20,344 3,520 137
| |84.76% 14.67% 0.57%
|- valign="top"
| rowspan=3| 19 Richard Devlin (D)
(Clackamas)
|
| Independent candidate Christie M. Schaefer was listed at one point but failed to qualify enough signatures.
| Richard Devlin (D) David Newell (R) Marc Delphine (L) Write-ins
| |30,963 18,299 1,218 65
| |61.26% 36.20% 2.41% 0.13%
|-
| |37 Scott Bruun (R)
| Oregonian article about two of the candidates
| Scott Bruun (R) Bev Backa (D) David M. Akin (L) Write-ins
| |12,531 10,461 507 20
| |53.28% 44.48% 2.16% 0.09%
|-
| |38 Greg Macpherson (D)
|
| Greg Macpherson (D) Fred Bremner (R) Write-ins
| |18,361 8,335 45
| |68.66% 31.17% 0.17%
|- valign="top"
| rowspan=3| 20 Kurt Schrader (D)
(Clackamas)
|
| Schrader ran unopposed. Thomas F. Lemons (R) won his Republican primary for the district, but withdrew July 20.
| Kurt Schrader (D) Write-ins
| |28,530 1,154
| |96.11% 3.89%
|-
| |39 Wayne Scott (R)
|
| Wayne Scott (R) Mike Caudle (D) Wes Wagner (L) Write-ins
| |12,247 9,214 819 51
| |54.84% 41.26% 3.67% 0.23%
|-
| |40 Dave Hunt (D)
| Hunt ran unopposed.
| Dave Hunt (D) Write-ins
| |13,606 418
| |97.02% 2.98%
|- style="color:darkgreen"
! Senate District, incumbent, county(s)
! House District, incumbent
! Notes
! Candidates
! Votes Garnered
! Margin
|- valign="top"
| rowspan=3| 21 Kate Brown (D)
(Multnomah)
| colspan=3| This senate seat not up for election in 2006
|
|-
| |41 Carolyn Tomei (D)
| Incumbent Representative Tomei ran unopposed.
| Carolyn Tomei (D) Write-ins
| |15,998 510
| |96.91% 3.09%
|-
| |42 Diane Rosenbaum (D)
|
| Diane Rosenbaum (D) Jeff Cropp (G) Write-ins
| |20,325 3,870 155
| |83.47% 15.89% 0.64%
|- valign="top"
| rowspan=3| 22 Margaret Carter (D)
(Multnomah)
| colspan=3| This senate seat not up for election in 2006
|
|-
| |43 Chip Shields
| Incumbent Representative Shields ran unopposed.
|Chip Shields (D) Write-ins
| |18,340 378
| |97.98% 2.02%
|-
| |44 Gary Hansen (D)
| Incumbent Representative Hansen ran for Multnomah County Commissioner in District 2, and won.
| Tina Kotek (D) Jay Kushner (R) Write-ins
| |13,931 3,645 97
| |78.83% 20.62% 0.55%
|- valign="top"
| rowspan=3| 23 Avel Gordly (I)
(Multnomah)
| colspan=3| This senate seat not up for election in 2006. Senator Gordly dropped her Democratic Party affiliation to register as a non-partisan Independent in June 2006.
|-
| |45 Jackie Dingfelder (D)
|
| Jackie Dingfelder (D) Dick Osborne (R) Write-ins
| |18,460 4,603 73
| |79.79% 19.90% 0.32%
|-
| |46 Steve March (D)
| Incumbent Representative March ran for Multnomah County Auditor, and lost.
| Ben Cannon (D) William Cornett (R) Paul Loney (G) Write-ins
| |16,348 3,493 1,318 75
| |76.99% 16.45% 6.21% 0.35%
|- valign="top"
| rowspan=3| 24 Frank Shields (D)
(Multnomah)
|
| Incumbent Senator Shields withdrew from the race 3/9/2006.
| Rod Monroe (D) T.J. Reilly (R) Ron McCarty (I) Write-ins
| |17,304 15,483 2,653 85
| |48.71% 43.58% 7.47% 0.24%
|-
| |47 Jeff Merkley (D)
|
| Jeff Merkley (D) Bruce McCain (R) Write-ins
| |11,106 6,192 65
| |63.96% 35.66% 0.37%
|-
| |48 Mike Schaufler (D)
| Republican nominee Dave Mowry withdrew on July 21.
| Mike Schaufler (D) N. W. (Bill) Stallings (C) Write-ins
| |11,262 3,672 232
| |74.26% 24.21% 1.53%
|- valign="top"
| rowspan=3| 25 Laurie Monnes Anderson
(Multnomah) (D)
| colspan=3| This senate seat not up for election in 2006
|
|-
| |49 Karen Minnis (R)
| Brad Fudge (L) filed for the ballot, but was disqualified on Sept. 1. Oregonian coverage of Brading's complaint about campaign tactics
| Karen Minnis (R) Rob Brading (D) Write-ins
| |8,601 7,911 92
| |51.80% 47.65% 0.55%
|-
| |50 John Lim (R)
| Statesman-Journal story about ethics investigation into Lim's travel
| John Lim (R) Jill Selman-Ringer (D) Brian D. Lowery (L) Write-ins
| |11,362 6,107 557 48
| |62.86% 33.79% 3.08% 0.27%
|- valign="top"
| rowspan=3| 26 Rick Metsger (D)
(Multnomah) (Clackamas) Hood River
|
|
| Rick Metsger (D) Carol York (R) Write-ins
| |25,183 18,964 81
| |56.94% 42.88% 0.18%
|-
| |51 Linda Flores (R)
|
| Linda Flores (R) Ryan Olds (D) Write-ins
| |11,926 8,755 30
| |57.58% 42.27% 0.14%
|-
| |52 Patti Smith (R)
|
| Patti Smith (R) Suzanne VanOrman (D) Write-ins
| |12,588 9,994 34
| |55.66% 44.19% 0.15%
|- valign="top"
| rowspan=3| 27 Ben Westlund (D)
(Deschutes)
| colspan=3| This senate seat not up for election in 2006. Westlund dropped (R) party affil to run for governor as an indep. Withdrew from gov. race 8/10/06.
|
|-
| |53 Gene Whisnant (R)
|
| Gene Whisnant (R) Bill A. Smith (D) Write-ins
| |16,527 11,406 31
| |59.10% 40.79% 0.11%
|-
| |54 Chuck Burley (R)
|
| Chuck Burley (R) Phil Philiben (D) Write-ins
| |14,780 11,873 67
| |55.31% 44.43% 0.25%
|- valign="top"
| rowspan=3| 28 Doug Whitsett (R)
Lake Crook Klamath (Deschutes) (Jackson)
| colspan=3| This senate seat not up for election in 2006
|
|-
| |55 George Gilman (R)
| Incumbent Representative Gilman ran unopposed.
| George Gilman (R) Write-ins
| |16,491 417
| |97.53% 2.47%
|-
| |56 Bill Garrard (R)
|
| Bill Garrard (R) James Calvert (D) Write-ins
| |13,759 6,855 46
| |66.60% 33.18% 0.22%
|- valign="top"
| rowspan=3| 29 David Nelson (R)
Morrow Umatilla Union Wallowa
| colspan=3| This senate seat not up for election in 2006
|
|-
| |57 Greg Smith (R)
| Nancy Wolfe won the Democratic party primary, but withdrew. St. Germain was nominated to take her place 8/7/06.
| Greg Smith (R) Tonia St. Germain (D) Write-ins
| |14,119 6,058 45
| |69.82% 29.96% 0.22%
|-
| |58 Bob Jenson (R)
|
| Bob Jenson (R) Ben Talley (D) Write-ins
| |10,194 4,629 31
| |68.63% 31.16% 0.21%
|- valign="top"
| rowspan=3| 30 Ted Ferrioli (R)
Wasco Sherman Gilliam Jefferson Wheeler (Deschutes) Grant Baker Harney Malheur
| colspan=3| This senate seat not up for election in 2006
|
|-
| |59 John H. Dallum (R)
|
| John H. Dallum (R) Jim Gilbertson (D) Write-ins
| |10,733 10,453 32
| |50.58% 49.26% 0.15%
|-
| |60 R. Tom Butler (R)
|
| R. Tom Butler (R) Peter Hall (D) Write-ins
| |13,362 4,575 46
| |74.30% 25.44% 0.26%
|- style="color:darkgreen"
! Senate District, incumbent, county(s)
! House District, incumbent
! Notes
! Candidates
! Votes Garnered
! Margin
|}
Candidates (Executive)
Oregon Blue Book list of elected executive officials
Governor
Incumbent Governor Ted Kulongoski (D) won the election.
Democratic Party
winner in primary:
Ted Kulongoski (incumbent)
losers in primary:
Jim Hill, Pete Sorenson
Republican Party
winner in primary:
Ron Saxton
losers in primary:
Jason A. Atkinson, Kevin Mannix, W. Ames Curtright, David W. Beem, William E. Spidal, Gordon Leitch, Bob Leonard Forthan
Pacific Green Party
Joe Keating
Constitution Party
Libertarian Party
Richard Morley
Independent
Ben Westlund gathered enough signatures to appear on the ballot, but withdrew from the race August 10.
Labor Commissioner Commissioner of the Bureau of Labor and Industrieswinner in primary:
Dan Gardner
Superintendent of Schools Superintendent of Public Instructionwinner in primary:
Susan Castillo
loser in primary:
Deborah L. Andrews
Candidates (Judicial)
Many judicial positions are not contested. Incumbents are rarely opposed, and when they resign, it is often timed such that the Governor chooses their replacement.
If a judicial position becomes vacant and the governor declines to make an appointment, it must be filled at the next general election. If it is not too late to file for a primary election, candidates will appear on that ballot in the first round of a runoff election. If there is no primary before the next general election, all candidates appear on the general election ballot, and a plurality vote may determine the winner.
Oregon Supreme Court
Position 2
Incumbent Judge Paul De Muniz sought reelection and was the only candidate to file. He won easily in the primary election against only write-in candidate opposition.
Position 3
Incumbent Judge Robert D. (Skip) Durham sought reelection and was the only candidate to file. He won easily in the primary election against only write-in candidate opposition.
Position 6
Incumbent Judge Wallace P. Carson, Jr. of Oregon Supreme Court, Position 6, decided to retire after 34 years on the bench. Three candidates entered the race to succeed him:
Virginia Linder, who had since 1997 been an Oregon Court of Appeals judge (winner)
Jack Roberts, former Oregon Commissioner of Labor and Industries
W. Eugene (Gene) Hallman, Pendleton attorney
No candidate received a majority in the primary election, and Linder and Roberts advanced to the general election. Linder won by 51.75 percent of the vote.
Oregon Court of Appeals
Circuit Court Judge of the Circuit Court, 1st District, Position 5 (Jackson County)
Raymond B. White - 21,070
Other - 240Judge of the Circuit Court, 1st District, Position 9 (Jackson County)
Primary:
Ron Grensky - 15,197
Lisa C. Greif - 11,651
Joe Charter - 4,762
Paul L. Henderson III - 1,602
Other - 49
Runoff:
Ron Grensky - 39,954
Lisa C. Greif - 29,291
Other - 130Judge of the Circuit Court, 2nd District, Position 1 (Lane County)
Karsten H. Rasmussen - 39,897
Other - 307Judge of the Circuit Court, 2nd District, Position 3 (Lane County)
Lyle C. Velure - 38,112
Other - 594Judge of the Circuit Court, 2nd District, Position 9 (Lane County)
Gregory G. Foote - 40,765
Other - 367Judge of the Circuit Court, 2nd District, Position 14 (Lane County)
Debra Vogt - 64,209
Alan Leiman - 49,156
Other - 470Judge of the Circuit Court, 4th District, Position 4 (Multnomah County)
Adrienne C. Nelson - 134,269
Other - 3,464Judge of the Circuit Court, 4th District, Position 28 (Multnomah County)
Judith Hudson Matarazzo - 39,782
Mary Overgaard - 38,323
James J. McIntyre - 31,408
Mark K. Kramer - 25,046
Ulanda L. Watkins - 18,368
Christopher D. Wright - 11,641
Charles L. Best - 8,961
Theodore E. Sims - 7,652
James E. Leuenberger - 2,506
Other - 1,580Judge of the Circuit Court, 4th District, Position 31 (Multnomah County)
Cheryl Albrecht - 93,528
Kathleen Payne - 78,778
Other - 1,836Judge of the Circuit Court, 4th District, Position 37 (Multnomah County)
Leslie Roberts - 116,321
Other - 34,227Judge of the Circuit Court, 6th District, Position 5 (Morrow and Umatilla counties)
Christopher R. Brauer - 11,003
Annetta L. Spicer - 8,631
Other - 45Judge of the Circuit Court, 14th District, Position 2 (Josephine County)
Pat Wolke - 19,204
Other - 367Judge of the Circuit Court, 15th District, Position 3 (Coos and Cutty counties)
Jesse Margolis - 7,569
Other - 7,449Judge of the Circuit Court, 16th District, Position 5 (Douglas County)
George Ambrosini - 20,741
William (Bill) Marshal - 11,810
Nancy Cook - 5,620
Other - 52Judge of the Circuit Court, 18th District, Position 3 (Clatsop County)
Cindee S. Matyahs - 7,392
Don H. Haller, III - 5,829
Other - 23Judge of the Circuit Court, 20th District, Position 6 (Washington County)
Charlie Bailey''' - 71,811
Vincent A. Deguc - 41,813
Other - 578
District Attorneys
See also
Oregon primary election, 2006
Oregon gubernatorial election, 2006
Portland, Oregon area elections, 2006
Seventy-third Oregon Legislative Assembly
Seventy-fourth Oregon Legislative Assembly | 2006 Oregon elections |
"Leningrad" is a 1989 song written and performed by American singer and songwriter Billy Joel. The song was originally released on his album Storm Front on the Columbia Records label, and went on to be released as a single in Europe only. It was also released on his Greatest Hits, Vol. 3 compilation. The song title is derived from the contemporary name of St. Petersburg, Russia.
Synopsis
The song was written by Joel about a Russian clown named Viktor Razinov, whom he met while touring the Soviet Union in 1987. Throughout the song, major items of Viktor's and Billy's lives are compared to show the cultural differences and similarities of the United States and the Soviet Union.
In the song, Billy describes Viktor's life as one of many Soviet children who lost fathers during World War II, specifically during the siege of Leningrad. He enlisted in the Red Army, drank vodka to fight the pain, and then became a circus clown, bringing joy to Russian children.
Billy described his childhood life as being "born in '49, a Cold War kid in McCarthy time". He briefly describes his life living in Levittown, and the fear of the Cuban Missile Crisis. Billy also makes a reference to the Korean War, a proxy war to the Cold War, as well as the Vietnam War.
In the end, the two meet after Billy's Leningrad concert (Viktor had journeyed across Russia to see all six of the Russian concerts), where Viktor draws a laugh from Billy's daughter Alexa. Billy and Viktor embrace afterwards. In the song's last line, Billy sings: "We never knew what friends we had, until we came to Leningrad."
The quote is printed on the single cover, but not on the cover of the 4-track CD, which instead features the titles of the extra songs: "Goodnight Saigon", "Vienna", and "Scandinavian Skies".
In 2015, Razinov traveled to New York to see Billy Joel's concert in Madison Square Garden. For this reunion, Joel played "Leningrad", which he rarely plays live.
The backup vocals for this song were sung by members of the Hicksville High School Choir. It was a group of students selected by Hicksville High School choir director, Charles "Chuck" Arnold, who wrote the harmonies. Mr. Arnold was retiring in 1989 and had remained in touch with Billy Joel, since Billy had gone to high school in Hicksville before quitting to start his music career. He offered this opportunity to Mr. Arnold's students as a tribute to him and his influence on Billy in his early years. Mr. Arnold was later singled out at a sold out Denver CO show on Thursday, Aug. 8, 2019.
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
See also
List of anti-war songs | Leningrad (song) |
Kvisla may refer to the following locations:
Kvisla in Hol municipality, Buskerud
Kvisla in Engerdal municipality, Hedmark | Kvisla |
Snap music (also known as ringtone rap or snap rap) is a subgenre of hip hop music derived from crunk that originated in southern United States in the 2000s, in Bankhead, West Atlanta, United States. It achieved mainstream popularity throughout the mid-late 2000s, but declined shortly thereafter. Popular snap artists include D4L, Dem Franchize Boys and K-Rab.
Tracks commonly consist of an 808 bass drum, hi-hat, bass, snapping, a main groove and a vocal track. Snap songs may also incorporate whistling. Hit snap songs include "Lean wit It, Rock wit It" by Dem Franchize Boys, "Snap Yo Fingers" by Lil Jon, "Laffy Taffy" by D4L, "It's Goin' Down" by Yung Joc and "Crank That (Soulja Boy)" by Soulja Boy Tell 'Em, and voted one of "The 15 Best Snap Music Songs of All-Time" is "Look at Her" by One Chance.
Crunk has been called the "predecessor of snap". Hip Hop DX magazine described snap music as a "laid back version of its forbearer, crunk music".
History
It is suggested that snap music appeared around 2000 in a crime-infested neighborhood of Bankhead, Atlanta, Georgia. Bankhead was a place where the difference between poor and rich was striking, and, as it has been described, "a lighter sound" of snap was born "in the midst of all the aggression." Very soon after its creation, snap music took on another type of music of Atlanta - crunk. In 2003, Dem Franchize Boys, who had already produced some snap hits for local clubs by the time, got signed to Universal Music Group. It has been said that weak promotion and the decision of Universal Music to put out the debut album of Dem Franchize Boys and Nelly's "Sweat and Suit" the same day were reasons why their first album wasn't a success. In 2005, they got the attention of Jermaine Dupri, who remixed their single "I Think They Like Me" and signed them to So So Def. The remix of "I Think They Like Me" topped the Hot Rap/R&B songs chart and reached #15 on the Billboard Hot 100. Jermaine Dupri was later described as the key figure in bringing snap music into the mainstream.
Another Atlanta based group, D4L, were performing at Atlanta's Vision Nightclub and Lounge alongside 8Ball, Keyshia Cole and Slim Thug at the time. In 2005, they produced "Laffy Taffy", which occupied the number one position on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. Their debut album, Down for Life, was certified gold by RIAA. D4L and Dem Franchize Boys started a rivalry over who started snap. As Fabo of D4L mentioned, Dem Franchize Boys were looked down upon by members of the community, and were referred to as "label prostitutes" there. However, The New York Times stated that lyric-oriented producers like T.I. and Young Jeezy get way more respect in Atlanta, than acts like D4L, where snap music is seen as light club music as opposed to "heavy street" music of ones like T.I.
As this rivalry continued, the resident DJ of Atlanta's Pool Palace, DJ T-Roc claimed that K-Rab was making snap long before Dem Franchize Boys and D4L. There are other facts telling that K-Rab could be the original creator of snap - he produced "Laffy Taffy" and his voice can be heard on the early snap hits, like "Do the Pool Palace" and "Bubble Gum".
2005 and 2006 saw snap music's rise to mainstream popularity. On January 12, 2006, The New York Times reviewed "Laffy Taffy". While analyzing the song's structure, the author noted that "On the hip-hop prestige scale, goofy dance songs like 'Laffy Taffy' don't rate very high." The review also touched the broader topic of snap music with a conclusion, that it's hardly possible that major record label catches on this sound, as they, in the opinion of the author, needed something "more serious" than snap. It was also noted that snap does very well with the digital download system, as "cheap" snap and cheap cost of digital tracks (99 cents for "Laffy Taffy") fit well. There was another hit with the popping sound in the place of the snare drum that reached the number 3 position on the Billboard Hot 100 in 2006, Yung Joc's "It's Goin' Down". Billboard magazine claimed that the popping sounds of "It's Going Down", however, weren't fingersnapping. Crunk producer Lil Jon also increased exposure of the snap genre to the mainstream by releasing his single "Snap Yo Fingers", which peaked at number 7 on the Billboard Hot 100.
Snap continued to maintain a strong presence on the mainstream Billboard charts in 2007. In late 2007, then 17-year-old American rapper Soulja Boy released his hit "Crank That", which enjoyed the number one position on the Billboard Hot 100 for 7 weeks, and was nominated for a Grammy and became one of the biggest hits of the year, advancing the influence of snap music on the Billboard charts, as well as furthering delving into the crunk genre. During the same year, a number of websites specializing in crunk mixtapes opened, increasing exposure to the genre. R&B singer T-Pain's snap song "Buy U a Drank (Shawty Snappin')" ranks #63 on Rolling Stones list of the 100 Best Songs of 2007. It was also a number-one on the Hot 100 and was number 68 in Rolling Stones "Best Songs of 2007" list. In February 2008, Atlanta rapper V.I.C. released his hit snap single "Get Silly" which peaked at #29 on the Billboard Hot 100 and garnered single sales of 500,000 copies sold.
This popularity even spilled over into comedy, as The Boondocks portrayed "The Story of Gangstalicious", a rapper whose hit within the show was "Homies Over Hoes", a clear homage to "Laffy Taffy".
Snap&B
In 2006, Vibe magazine mentioned the subgenre of snap, "snap&B'''" in connection to the Cherish album Unappreciated. Vibe stated a concern whether snap&B could take on crunk&B, which was too popular at the time. Vibe'' also pointed to one characteristic trait of snap&B, saying that, unlike slow jams which may feature snapping, a track should be "pop" as well to be called "snap&B".
See also
Crunk
Trap music
Drill music
Bounce music
Gangsta rap
G-funk | Snap music |
Apatura metis, the Freyer's purple emperor, is a species of butterfly found in the Palearctic.
Appearance
Freyer's purple emperor has dark wings with reddish and yellow bands. The wings of the male are bluish purple if seen from the right angle.
In appearance, it resembles Apatura ilia. However, it differs significantly from it by a stepped protrusion in the middle of the outer edge of the postdiscal band of the hindwings. The ground colour of the wings above is usually dark brown, with a light orange postdiscal band, an orange marginal band, and a field of the same colour in the median cell of the forewings. A blind ocellus is located in the anal corner of the fore and hind wings. There are four dark spots within the light field of the median cell of the forewings. Below, the wings are light, orange-brown, with a greenish coating. The body is large, dark, covered with reddish hairs above and white hairs below. The femora are white, the tibia and feet are reddish. The palps are pointed to the apex. Antennae are long, dark, with rufous margins below, at the base and at the ends of the clubs. The wings of males with a purple tint of their main background. For the Seitz accoont of metis see Apatura ilia
Systematics
Freyer's purple emperor belongs to the genus Apatura, subfamily Apaturinae. The species is divided into seven subspecies:
Apatura metis metis (Freyer, 1829) (south-eastern Europe)
Apatura metis bunea (Herrich-Schäffer, 1845) (south-European Russia, Caucasus)
Apatura metis substituta (Butler, 1873) (Japan)
Apatura metis irtyshika (Korshunov, 1982) (south-western Siberia, Kazakhstan)
Apatura metis separata (Tuzov, 2000) (Transbaikalia)
Apatura metis heijona (Matsumura, 1928) (Korea, Amur and Ussuri regions)
Apatura metis doii (Matsumura, 1928) (Kurile islands)
Habitat and ecology
Freyer's purple emperor usually inhabits forests and is often found nearby rivers and streams. The female spends the majority of her life in the foliage. The largest habitat of the animal is the Gemenc forest in southern Hungary. Although it is one of the rarest animals in Europe, it can be seen in large quantities there. In Europe, Freyer's purple emperor usually has one, sometimes two generations, the first in May and June, the second in July and August. The caterpillars feed on willow species.
This species is stoutly protected in Europe. The nominal worth of a single specimen is HUF50,000, which equals about US$238.
Gallery | Apatura metis |
Fire in the Hole is the fifth studio album by American hip hop group Brand Nubian. It was released on August 10, 2004 via Babygrande Records. Recording sessions took place at State Street Studios in Brooklyn. Production was handled by members DJ Alamo, Grand Puba, Sadat X, and Lord Jamar, who also served as executive producer together with Chuck Wilson. It features guest appearances from Starr and Aisha Mike. The album made it to No. 57 on the Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart in the United States.
Critical reception
Fire in the Hole was met with generally favorable reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, the album received an average score of 68, based on seven reviews.
Steve 'Flash' Juon of RapReviews.com praised the album, saying: "may be one of 2004's most important rap records". Spin reviewer called it "a snappier comeback than 1998's Foundation". Writing for Pitchfork, Jamin Warren stated: "unfortunately, Fire in the Hole fails to invoke any effective nostalgia as it phlegmatically wanders through 12 solid but unexciting tracks".
In mixed reviews, AllMusic's Andy Kellman wrote: "few will ever refer to this as a classic, though even fewer will ever think of this as a poor showing". Gabe Gloden of Stylus Magazine found: "unfortunately, even when they attempt to paint a serious social commentary, they can’t seem to suppress their sophomoric potty humor".
Track listing
Personnel
Lorenzo "Lord Jamar" DeChalus – vocals, producer (tracks: 1-5, 8-12), additional producer (track 7), recording, executive producer
Maxwell "Grand Puba" Dixon – vocals, producer (tracks: 7, 11)
Derek "Sadat X" Murphy – vocals, producer (track 3)
K. "DJ Alamo" Jones – producer (tracks: 4, 6)
Starr – vocals (tracks: 3, 5)
Aisha Mike – vocals (track 11)
Bernard Grobman – guitar (track 5)
Chris Conway – mixing
Emily Lazar – mastering
Sarah Register – additional mastering
Charles "Chuck" Wilson, Jr. – executive producer
Jeff Chenault – art direction, design
Dennis Edwards – photography
Seth Kushner – photography
Jesse Stone – marketing
Charts | Fire in the Hole (album) |
Mitra Hajjar (; born February 4, 1977) is an Iranian actress. She has received various accolades, including a Crystal Simorgh, in addition to nominations for three Hafez Award, an Iran Cinema Celebration Award and an Iran's Film Critics and Writers Association Award.
Career
Hajjar started acting with "Strangely" directed by Ahmad Amini. She has also starred in TV series, most notably "Young Police". She has acted in the theatrical show "Uncle Vania" in France. In 2005, she left Iran for France, and then went to America to study directorship. She lived abroad for 3 years, and she also played in an episode of the American Show "Smith". She received a nomination for the best actress in a supporting role for the movie "Long Goodbye". Hajjar was named the best actress in her film Wishbone.
Selected filmography
The Cry, 1999
Born under Libra, 2001
Protest, 2000
Killing Mad Dogs, 2001
Nights of Tehran 2001
Rokhsareh, 2002
The Poisonous Mushroom, 2002
Pink (2003 film), 2003
Alghazali - The Alchemist of happiness, 2004
The Intruder, 2002
Loser, 2002
The Fugitive, 2003
The Crime, 2004
It's Winter, 2006
The Secrets, 2007
This Is Not A Love Song, 2007
The Hunter, 2010
Anahita, 2010
Motherless, 2022 | Mitra Hajjar |
Majority (absolute majority), a mathematic concept, is the greater part, or more than half, of the total.
Majority may also refer to:
Plurality, sometimes referred to as "relative majority"
Majority (sociology), related to the minority group
Age of majority, the threshold of adulthood in law
Majority function in Boolean algebra
The office held by a member of the armed forces in the rank of major
Majority (film), a 2010 Turkish drama film
See also
Major (disambiguation)
Majority opinion, a judicial opinion agreed to by more than half of the members of a court
Social science disambiguation pages | Majority (disambiguation) |
School District 6 Rocky Mountain is a school district in South Eastern British Columbia. This includes the major centres of Kimberley, Invermere and Golden.
History
School District 6 Rocky Mountain was formed in 1996 by the amalgamation of School District 3 (Kimberley), School District 4 (Windermere) and School District 18 (Golden).
Schools
Trustees
See also
List of school districts in British Columbia | School District 6 Rocky Mountain |
Scotty Lake is the name of three lakes in the U.S. state of Alaska:
A one-mile-long (1.6 km) lake in the Matanuska-Susitna Borough, located along near the Parks Highway at , six miles (9.7 km) west of Talkeetna.
A 0.7-mile-long (1,130 m) lake in Denali National Park and Preserve, Denali Borough, located at , 21 miles (34 km) northwest of Mount Russell, in southwestern Denali Borough.
In the Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area, at . | Scotty Lake |
Joy Mukherjee (24 February 1939 – 9 March 2012) was an Indian actor and director. He was titled as the 'heart throb of the 1960s and 1970s'.
Family background
Joy Mukherjee was the son of Sashadhar Mukherjee and Sati Devi. His father was a successful producer and a co-founder of Filmalaya Studios. His uncles were director Subodh Mukherjee, Ashok Kumar, Anoop Kumar and Kishore Kumar. Joy Mukherjee was educated in Col. Brown Cambridge School in Dehra Dun and St. Xavier College. His wife's name is Neelam and they had two sons and a daughter.
Career
Joy debuted opposite Sadhana in the film Love in Simla (1960), directed by R. K. Nayyar. He then starred with Asha Parekh for several hits like Phir Wohi Dil Laya Hoon, Love in Tokyo, Ziddi and Hum Hindustani. Some of his films like Aao Pyar Karen and Shagird (opposite Saira Bano), Ek Musafir Ek Haseena with Sadhna, Ishaara with Vyjayantimala and Jee Chahta Hai with Rajashree were superhit movies. Most of his movies had hit music. By the late 1960s, acting roles began drying up, so he began directing and producing.
He produced and directed Humsaya although this films did not do well. Despite a late success with home production Ek Baar Muskura Do (1972) with brother Deb Mukherjee and later to be sister-in-law Tanuja, Joy faded from the silver screen.
He later directed Rajesh Khanna in Chailla Babu in 1977 which was a major box office success. This film's success solved his insolvency problems which arose due to production of Love In Bombay. Later in 1985, Rajesh Khanna even gave him opportunity as a villain in the film Insaaf Main Karoonga, which became the last successful film of actor Joy Mukherjee.
Financial troubles
Love in Bombay brought deep financial troubles for Joy Mukherjee but late director-actor's wife Neelam, who is releasing the movie 40 years later, says that despite losing everything, the film remained very close to him. "This film was my husband's Waterloo. He lost everything he had in this film. He sunk in lot of his own money, major properties. There were 37 cases of insolvency against him. But he cleared everything and had a clean slate and started afresh. This film was very dear to him despite it bringing so much problems to him," Mrs Mukherjee said. The 1973 film, was the third part of the "Love in" series which started with Joy debuting with the blockbuster hit Love in Simla in 1960 and the golden jubilee hit Love in Tokyo in 1966. His insolvency issues got resolved when he directed his sole successful directorial venture Chailla Babu in 1977.
Death
Joy Mukherjee died on 9 March 2012 in Mumbai's Leelavati Hospital, exactly two weeks after his 73rd birthday, where he had been on a ventilator. He had a prolonged illness.
Filmography
See also
Pramod Chakravorty | Joy Mukherjee |
Basrur / Basroor is a village in Kundapura taluk in Udupi district of Karnataka. Historically Basrur was also called Barcelor, Barcelore, Barcalor, Basnur, Bares, Abu-Sarur and Barsellor.
History
Basrur, once called Vasupura, is a historic port town on the banks of the Varahi River on the Kanara coast in Karnataka, India. For much of the sixteenth century and the first half of the seventeenth century, it was the rice port par excellence on that coast. The port was used by traders of several foreign countries mainly to cater for the needs of Keladi Samsthana, which was near Shimoga. The town had several streets, each specifically housing communities like traders, artisans, dancers, weavers etc. It was also famous for communities who were experts in singing and dancing, which art is forgotten and no longer exists. The town has become a small obscure village and the trade no longer exists.
In his travel account Moroccan Traveller Ibn Batuta (Abu Abdullah Mohammed (1304–1358)) who visited Canara on his way to Malabar from Honavar says, "The first town in the land of Mulaybar (Malabara) that we entered as the town of Abu-Sarur (Basrur), a small place on a large inlet and abounding in coco palms"
British Major of Engineers James Rennel has concluded with due analysis that the Bares of Ptolemy's Map is the Barcelor or Basrur.
Towards the end of the 16th century, Basrur came under Portuguese control, who built a church there and a fort called Santa Luzia. The town was called 'Barcelor' by the Portuguese.
On 13 February 1665, the Maratha ruler Shivaji conducted a naval raid on the Portuguese at Basrur, and gained a large booty which enabled him to strengthen the base of his new kingdom by building a strong navy and forts.
Basrur is famous for its old temples, the main one being the 'Shree Mahatobar Mahalingeshwara Temple'. The annual chariot festival (ratha or teru in Kannada) is held every April on Chitra Pournima - Hanuman Jayanti (in the Hindu calendar) day.
Out of 24 Temples of Basrur, The Nakhareshwara Temple is of historical importance. A 12th Century Inscription is the earliest inscription which mentions this temple. The Temple which is today called as Mahalingeshwara Temple was built by the mediaeval South Indian Merchant guild Nakhara. The deity of this temple was called Mahadeva in the mediaeval inscriptions of Basrur.
The town is a spiritual centre for the Goud Saraswat Brahmin community with 'Sri Mahalasa Narayani temple' at the center. The centuries-old temple is visited by the Swamijis of all Maths including Kashi Math Samsthana and Gokarna Parthagali Math. The legend is that the spirit for the Mahalasa temple was derived from its Moolasthana, i.e. Sri Mahalasa at Mardoli in Goa.
Noted Kannada novelist Dr. K. Shivarama Karanth has written a novel based on the life of Basrur people, mainly detailing song and dance community and the picture of early twentieth century of Basrur village is vividly described in this novel. The name of the novel is Mai Managala Suliyalli (1970) and this novel is one of the better novels of Dr. Karanth and is distributed by Sapna Book House, Bangalore.
Demographics
According to Census (2001)
Census (2011)
Languages
Kundagannada a dialect of Kannada spoken by majority of people in the region. Konkani used by Roman Catholic Christians and Goud Saraswat Brahmins. Beary, Urdu & Navayati used by Muslim communities. Quite a few Basel Mission a Christian missionary society speaks Tulu.
Transportation
This place is less than 2 km from Kundapura Railway Station on the Konkan railway route.
Public transport is operated by private bus services and autorickshaws. Small time water transport facility is also there with wooden boats managed by local fishermen. This mode of transportation was predominant up to first half of 20th century.
Local areas
"Basrur" is connected to other sub-villages (koodu-grama) like Hattikudru, Anagalli, Margoli, Merdy, Japthi, Kalanje, Othinane (Panakada-katte), Kolkere, Ulloor, Kandavara Balkur and gulwady with new bridge to form a larger area.
Notable people
Ravi Basrur an Indian film music composer, sound designer, lyricist and director
See also
Udupi district
Mangalore | Basrur |
Sex Packets is the debut studio album by American hip hop group Digital Underground, released on .
Album background
The album is a concept album about "G.S.R.A." (Genetic Suppression Relief Antidotes), a pharmaceutical substance that is produced in the form of a large glowing pill about the size of a quarter, which comes in a condom-sized package and is allegedly developed by the government to provide its intended users such as astronauts with a satisfying sexual experience in situations where the normal attainment of such experiences would be counter-productive to the mission at hand.
Release and reception
The album was released in the spring of 1990 following the success of its two lead-off singles: "Doowutchyalike", a moderate club hit, followed by "The Humpty Dance", which reached No. 11 on the pop chart, No. 7 on the R&B chart, and No. 1 on the Billboard Rap Singles chart. Sex Packets was released to positive reviews and eventually achieved platinum sales. The album was re-issued on February 8, 2005 by Rhino Entertainment. The album is broken down track-by-track by Digital Underground in Brian Coleman's book Check the Technique.
Legacy
In 1998, the album was selected as one of The Sources 100 Best Rap Albums Ever. It is included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.
Track listing
CD
LP
Cassette
The cassette version of the album has 3 extra tracks, plus an extended version of "Gutfest '89"
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications | Sex Packets |
The Davos process was the name given to the process of reconciliation, rapprochement between Greece and Turkey, conducted in 1988 between Andreas Papandreou and Turkish prime minister Turgut Özal. Their meeting took place at the annual World Economic Forum meeting in Davos, Switzerland. | Davos process |
Ligovsky Prospekt () is a major street in Saint Petersburg. Before the establishment of the city, it was a street leading to Novgorod, used by the people living in the villages around the Neva delta.
Between 1718-25, when Saint Petersburg was the capital of Russia, construction began on the Ligovsky Canal. The canal was used to transfer water from the river to fountains of the Summer Garden, hence the name of the street and the canal. After the flood of 1777 all the fountains were demolished, and later the canal was as well.
Ligovsky Prospekt today
The Ligovsky Prospekt is one of the largest streets in Saint Petersburg. It extends from Oktyabrskiy Big Concert Hall, Vosstaniya Square and Nevsky Prospekt, and runs through southern Saint Petersburg, onto Moskovsky Prospekt and the Moscow Triumphal Gate.
Names of the street
Moskovskaya Street; during 1739 to the late eighteenth century
Ligovsky Canal Embankment; during the nineteenth century
Ligovskaya Street; during 1892 to 1952
Stalingradsky Prospekt; during 1952 to 1956
Ligovsky Prospekt; during 1956 to present
Streets in Saint Petersburg | Ligovsky Avenue |
Raad-2 (Persian:رعد-۲, means Thunder-2) is an Iranian self-propelled howitzer.
Development
In early September 1997, it was reported that Iran had successfully tested a locally built rapid fire mobile field gun known as Raad-2 (Thunder-2).
It uses a turret that has a similar layout to the M109A1 155mm/39-cal self-propelled howitzer. The Iranian Defense Industries Organization claimed that the 155 mm HM44 howitzer manufactured by the Hadid facility of the Iranian Defense Industries Organization had a high firing rate and accuracy. The gun's range was reported as , and it also includes features such as a laser range-finder and a semi-automatic loading system.
The gun looks exactly like 155mm/39-cal M185 gun from M109A1 and is fitted with a double baffle muzzle brake, fume extractor, screw breech mechanism, hydro-pneumatic recuperator and a hydraulic recoil brake. DIO says that the barrel life is around 5,000 rounds.
The vehicle uses a chassis based on the T-72, distinctive due to the cover of the cooling fan on the chassis. The hull is apparently based on the BMP-1.
The Raad-2 is crewed by 5 persons, with the driver stationed at the left with the power pack at the right.
Operators
The Raad-2 is operated by both the Islamic Republic of Iran Army and the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps.
Variants
Raad-2 - basic SPG version with a Russian V12-type V-84MS diesel engine
Raad-2M - Raad-2 upgraded with a Ukrainian-made 5TDF engine instead of a V-8 Diesel engine. | Raad-2 |
Cabrières-d'Aigues (; Provençal: Cabrièras d'Egues) is a commune in the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France.
See also
Côtes du Luberon AOC
Communes of the Vaucluse department
Étang de la Bonde
Luberon | Cabrières-d'Aigues |
Cold Brook is a former railroad station in the Boiceville section of the town of Olive, Ulster County, New York, United States. Located on Cold Brook Road, just north of New York State Route 28A next to Esopus Creek, Cold Brook station served the New York Central Railroad's Catskill Mountain Branch, formerly the Ulster and Delaware Railroad. The station was located northwest of Kingston Point station in the city of Kingston.
The station replaced a flag stop at Cold Brook Bridge and became the primary station for Boiceville on June 8, 1913, when the railroad abandoned the alignment and station through Boiceville for construction of the Ashokan Reservoir. The Ulster and Delaware commenced construction on a new station depot in June 1915. Construction was completed .
The New York Central Railroad ended passenger service on the Catskill Mountain Branch on March 31, 1954, and despite being given permission to demolish the station in April 1955, the station continues to stand. The station is also an access point for the Ashokan Rail Trail, a rail trail runs from Cold Brook to West Hurley. | Cold Brook station |
The was originally a French gazette and literary magazine first published in the 17th century, but after several incarnations has evolved as a publisher, and is now part of the Éditions Gallimard publishing group.
The gazette was published from 1672 to 1724 (with an interruption in 1674–1677) under the title (sometimes spelled ; 1672–1674) and (1677–1724). The title was changed to in 1724. The gazette was briefly suppressed (under Napoleon) from 1811 to 1815 and ceased publication in 1825. The name was revived in 1890 for both a literary review and (in 1894) a publishing house initially linked with the symbolist movement. Since 1995 has been part of the Éditions Gallimard publishing group.
The original Mercure galant and Mercure de France
The Mercure galant was founded by the writer Jean Donneau de Visé in 1672. He directed the publication until his death in 1710. The name refers to the god Mercury, the messenger of the gods; the title also echos the Mercure françoys which was France's first literary gazette, founded in 1611 by the Paris bookseller J. Richer. The magazine's goal was to inform elegant society about life in the court and intellectual/artistic debates; the gazette (which appeared irregularly) featured poems, anecdotes, news (marriages, gossip), theatre and art reviews, songs, and fashion reviews, and it became fashionable (and sometimes scandalous) to be mentioned in its pages. Publication stopped in 1674, but began again as a monthly with the name Nouveau Mercure galant in 1677.
The Mercure galant was a significant development in the history of journalism (it was the first gazette to report on the fashion world and played a pivotal role in the dissemination of news about fashion, luxury goods, etiquette and court life under Louis XIV to the provinces and abroad. The newspaper published propaganda intended to bolster Louis XIV and promote his domestic and foreign policies. In the 1670s, articles on the new season's fashions were also accompanied with engravings. The August 1697 edition contains a detailed description of a popular new puzzle, now known as peg solitaire. This article is the earliest known reference to peg solitaire.
The gazette was frequently denigrated by authors of the period. The name Mercure galant was used by the playwright Edmé Boursault for one of his plays critical of social pretensions; when Donneau de Visé complained, Boursault retitled his play Comédie sans titre (Play without a title).
The gazette played an important role in the "Quarrel of the Ancients and the Moderns", a debate on whether the arts and literature of the 17th century had achieved more than the illustrious writers and artists of antiquity, which would last until the beginning of the eighteenth century. Bernard le Bovier de Fontenelle and the Mercure galant joined the "Moderns". Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux was pushed into the role of champion of the "Anciens", and Jean Racine, Jean de La Fontaine and Jean de La Bruyère (who is famous for a jibe against the gazette: "le Mercure... est immédiatement au dessous de rien" ["the Mercure... is immediately below nothing"]) took his defense.
The periodical eventually became a financial success and it brought Donneau de Visé comfortable revenues. The became the uncontested arbiter of French arts and humanities, and it has been called the most important literary journal in prerevolutionary France.
Thomas Corneille was a frequent contributor to the gazette. The Mercure continued to be published after Donneau de Visé's death in 1710. In 1724 its title was changed to and it developed a semi-official character with a governmentally appointed editor (profits were invested into pensions for writers). Jean-François de la Harpe was the editor in chief for 20 years; he also collaborated with Jacques Mallet du Pan. Other significant editors and contributors include: Marmontel, Raynal, Chamfort and Voltaire.
It is on the pages of the May 1734 issue of the that the term "Baroque" makes its first attested appearance – used (in pejorative way) in an anonymous, satirical review of Jean-Philippe Rameau’s Hippolyte et Aricie.
Right before the revolution, management was handed over to Charles-Joseph Panckoucke. During the revolutionary era, the title was changed briefly to Le Mercure français. Napoleon stopped its publication in 1811, but the review was resurrected in 1815. The review was last published in 1825.
The modern Mercure de France
History
At the end of the 19th century, the name Mercure de France was revived by Alfred Vallette. Vallette was closely linked to a group of writers associated with Symbolism who regularly met at the café la Mère Clarisse in Paris (rue Jacob), and which included: Jean Moréas, Ernest Raynaud, Paul Arène, Remy de Gourmont, Alfred Jarry, Albert Samain and Charles Cros. The first edition of the review appeared on January 1, 1890.
Over the next decade, the review achieved critical success, and poets such as Stéphane Mallarmé and José-Maria de Heredia published original works in it. The review became bimonthly in 1905.
In 1889, Alfred Vallette married the novelist Rachilde whose novel Monsieur Vénus was condemned on moral grounds. Rachilde was a member of the editorial committee of the review until 1924 and her personality and works did much to publicize the review. Rachilde held a salon on Tuesdays, and these "mardis du Mercure" would become famous for the authors who attended.
Like other reviews of the period, the Mercure also began to publish books (beginning in 1894). Along with works by symbolists, the Mercure brought out the first French translations of Friedrich Nietzsche, the first works of André Gide, Paul Claudel, Colette and Guillaume Apollinaire and the poems of Tristan Klingsor. Later publications include works by: Henri Michaux, Pierre Reverdy, Pierre-Jean Jouve, Louis-René des Forêts, Pierre Klossowski, André du Bouchet, Georges Séféris, Eugène Ionesco and Yves Bonnefoy.
With the death of Vallette in 1935, the management was taken over by Georges Duhamel (who had been editing the review since 1912). In 1938, because of Duhamel's anti-war stance, he was replaced by Jacques Antoine Bernard (in 1945, Bernard would be arrested and condemned for collaboration with the Germans). After the war, Duhamel (who was majority stockholder of the publishing house) appointed Paul Hartmann, who had participated in the resistance and clandestine publishing during the war, to run the review.
In 1958, the Éditions Gallimard publishing group bought the Mercure de France and Simone Gallimard was chosen as its director. In 1995, Isabelle Gallimard took over direction of the publishing house.
Literary Prizes
Mercure de France has won awards with the following authors:
Salvat Etchart (Prix Renaudot 1967)
Claude Faraggi (Prix Fémina 1975)
Michel Butel (Prix Médicis 1977)
Jocelyne François (Prix Fémina 1980)
François-Olivier Rousseau (Prix Médicis and Prix Marcel Proust 1981)
Nicolas Bréhal (Prix Valery Larbaud 1992)
Paula Jacques (Prix Fémina 1991)
Dominique Bona (Prix Interallié 1992)
Andreï Makine (Prix Goncourt and Prix Médicis 1995)
Gilles Leroy (Prix Goncourt 2007)
Romain Gary published his novels under the penname Émile Ajar (with the complicity of Simone Gallimard) which allowed him to win an unprecedented two Prix Goncourt.
Book series
Les romantiques allemands (1942)
Collection ivoire (1964)
Domaine anglais (1964)
Collection bleue (1989)
Collection poésie (1990)
Bibliothèque américaine (1993)
Le Petit Mercure (1995) : series in pocket format of short texts which welcomes different literary genres
Bibliothèque étrangère (1999)
Le Temps retrouvé poche (1999) & Le Temps retrouvé (2003) : newspapers, memoirs, travel books, letters, eye witness accounts
Le goût de… (2002): literary anthologies devoted to towns, regions, countries and to numerous themes
Traits et portraits (2002): autobiographical stories | Mercure de France |
Tejaswini Sawant (born 12 September 1980) is an Indian shooter from the Maharashtrian city of Kolhapur. Her father Ravindra Sawant was an officer in the Indian Navy.
Biography
Tejaswini born to father Ravindra and mother Sunita in Kolhapur. She has two younger sisters Anuradha Pitre and Vijaymala Gavali. Her father died in February 2010. She started her practice under the coaching of Jaisingh Kusale in Kolhapur. She is training under her personal coach Kuheli Gangulee.
Tejaswini was also appointed as officer on special duty (OSD) in the sports department. Tejaswini received the Arjuna award on 29 August 2011. Tejasvini Savant got married on 11 Feb 2016 with Well known Social Figure and Builder by profession Sameer Darekar of Pune.
Career
She earned her Tokyo berth after finishing fifth in the qualifications with a score of 1171 in the final of Asian Championship. In 2010 in Munich, Sawant became the world champion in the 50m rifle prone event.
Sawant represented India at the 9th South Asian Sports Federation Games in 2004 in Islamabad where she helped India win gold medal.
2006 Commonwealth Games
She was selected to represent India at the 2006 Commonwealth Games ahead of Asian Games gold medallist Anjali Ved Pathak Bhagwat and world record holder Suma Shirur. In 2006, she won gold medals in Women's 10 m Air Rifle singles and Women's 10 m Air Rifle Pairs (with Avneet Kaur Sidhu) events at the Commonwealth Games at Melbourne.
ISSF World Cup and ISSF World Championships
Sawant won a bronze medal in 50 metre rifle three positions at the 2009 ISSF World Cup in Munich. On 8 August 2010 she became the World Champion in the 50m Rifle Prone event in Munich, Germany. She was the first Indian woman shooter to win a gold medal at the World Championships with a world-record equalling score in the 50 m Rifle Prone event.
2010 Commonwealth Games
In the 2010 Commonwealth Games held in Delhi, Sawant won silver in Women's 50 rifle prone singles and bronze in Women's 50 m rifle prone pairs (along with Meena Kumari). She also won silver in Women's 50 m rifle 3 positions event (along with Lajjakumari Goswami) in this competition.
2018 Commonwealth Games
On 12 April 2018, Tejaswini won Silver at Women's 50m Rifle Prone Finals with a cumulative score of 618.9.
On 13 April 2018, Tejaswini won gold at the Women's 50m Rifle 3 Position Finals. She set a Games Record (GR) with total points of 457.9. | Tejaswini Sawant |
Leopardstown Racecourse is an Irish horse-racing venue, located in Leopardstown, Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown, south of the Dublin city centre. Like the majority of Irish courses, it hosts both National Hunt and Flat racing.
The course, built by Captain George Quin and modelled on Sandown Park Racecourse in England, was completed in 1888 and acquired by the Horse Racing Board of Ireland in 1967. Many important races are held here and racing takes place all year round, with about 22 meetings per year.
In 1941, noted Royal Air Force pilot Hugh Verity, who flew many secret agents at night into and out of farm fields in France, force landed on the Race Course. He was interned briefly before escaping back to England.
The Leopardstown Hall of Fame honours famous Irish horse racing trainers, jockeys and horses like, Vincent O'Brien, Tom Dreaper, Pat Taaffe and Pat Eddery, Arkle, Dawn Run, Levmoss and Nijinsky.
Facilities
Leopardstown golf course and club house is situated in the middle of the racetrack. The course also has designer shops, a fitness centre, the Leopardstown Pavilion, Fillies Café Bar, the Silken Glider Restaurant, the Paddock Food Hall, Club 92 nightclub, Madigans pub, and numerous bars and snack areas. A farmers market is also on-site every Friday. The 'Bulmers Live at Leopardstown' music festival takes place every summer between June and August. Acts such as Horslips, the Human League, Johnny Marr, and the Boomtown Rats have all performed here.
Notable races
The Irish Champion stakes is the most important race at the course and one of the World Series of Racing. It is held every September and attracts the cream of racing thoroughbreds.
Transport
Leopardstown Racecourse was originally served by Foxrock railway station on the Harcourt Street line until it closed in 1958.
A Luas Green Line stop is located in the top of Carrickmines at the southern end of the racecourse. However, as of January 2016 it remains unopened and devoid of all signage, with trams passing through non-stop. The nearest active Luas stop is Central Park.
See also
Fairyhouse racecourse
List of Irish flat horse races
Phoenix Stakes
Trial races for the Epsom Derby | Leopardstown Racecourse |
Ursula Buchfellner (born 8 June 1961) is a German model and actress. She was Playboy magazine's Playmate of the Month for its October 1979 issue. Her centerfold was photographed by Peter Weissbrich.
Buchfellner also was the Playmate for the December 1977 issue of Playboy's German edition, being only 16 at the time when the photos were taken (she was 17 in relation to the edition in which her photos were published). In November 1985 she became the first Playmate to go on to appear in Penthouse magazine.
International acting and modeling careers followed Buchfellner's Playboy appearance. She was sometimes credited as Uschi Buchfellner, Ursula Fellner, Ulla Maris and Ursula Maris.
She starred mainly in European B-movies such as Devil Hunter (1980) and Sadomania (1981). Later on she also featured in renowned German television serials, like Derrick.
Early life and education
Buchfellner was born 3rd of 10 children in Munich. Her father was an alcoholic. For the first 3 years the family lived in a post-war shelter for the poor, until the "Hasenbergl" housing projects were built. Their apartment had running water and a toilet, but shared a bath on the floor. When her mother had twins, she and another sibling were sent to a children's home during the week and saw their family only on weekends. She has described how hunger was a constant experience especially towards the end of the month when money got tight.
After finishing 9th grade (Hauptschulabschluss) her mother found her a training spot in a bakery, and she was allowed to bring home remnants in a paper bag.
Career
In 1977, a photographer of Playboy asked her if she was interested to become a playmate. After researching what this entailed, she agreed. When media wrote about her, the baker's wife asked her to leave the bakery. The wages she earned allowed her to invite her older sister for a fried chicken dinner every day.
She stated that, unlike many playmates, she saved most of her money so she was able to buy an apartment in Munich.
After 7 years of modelling, Penthouse invited her to work for them for $80,000. When she saw the photos for Penthouse, she declined.
Selected filmography
Popcorn and Ice Cream (1978)
Cola, Candy, Chocolate (1979)
See also
List of people in Playboy 1970–1979 | Ursula Buchfellner |
Paul Speckmann (born September 28, 1963) is an American bassist and singer from Chicago, Illinois. He currently lives in Uherské Hradiště, Czechia.
Biography
Speckmann formed his first band, Warcry, in 1982. He recorded the demo Trilogy of Terror with them in 1983, before starting the death metal band Master. This project was quickly put on hold, however, and Speckmann launched Death Strike, with whom he recorded the Fuckin' Death demo in 1985. This was later re-released on Nuclear Blast as a full album with additional tracks, in 1991. In 1985, Master got back together and released 85 Demo. In 1990, they issued a split EP with Abomination, a band with which Speckmann recorded a self-titled album the same year and Tragedy Strikes two years later.
Between 1990 and 1999, Speckmann released four studio albums and several demos with Master, another album and an EP with Abomination, one-off recordings each with the groups Walpurgisnacht, Solutions, and Martyr, and finally, a self-titled album with his own Speckmann Project.
In 1999, he was invited to join the Czech death metal band Krabathor, with whom Master had previously toured. He recorded the albums Unfortunately Dead (2000) and Dissuade Truth (2003) with them, while also publishing new material with Master, whose latest release, the EP Widower, came out in 2019.
Discography
with Master
Studio albums
Master (1990)
On the Seventh Day God Created... Master (1992)
Collection of Souls (1993)
Faith Is in Season (1998)
Let's Start a War (2002)
Unreleased 1985 Album (2003)
The Spirit of the West (2004)
Four More Years of Terror (2005)
Slaves to Society (2007)
The Human Machine (2010)
The New Elite (2012)
The Witch Hunt (2013)
An Epiphany of Hate (2016)
Vindictive Miscreant (2018)
EPs
Master/Abomination split EP (1990)
Master/Excision split EP (1996)
Follow Your Savior (2001)
Imperial Anthems Master/Pentagram Chile split EP (2013)
Decay Into Inferior Conditions Master/Dehuman split EP (2017)
Widower (2019)
Live albums
Live in Mexico City (2000)
Live Assault (DVD – 2013)
Mangled Dehumanization (2016)
Live (2018)
God of Thunder (2019)
Alive in Athens (2020)
Compilations
Masterpieces (2005)
Command Your Fate (The Demo Collection) (2017)
Best of (2018)
Demos
85 Demo (1985)
Demo '91 (1991)
Final Word (1995)
Everything Is Rotten (2005)
with Abomination
Abomination (1990)
Tragedy Strikes (1992)
The Final War EP (1999)
Curses of the Deadly Sin (1999)
with Krabathor
Unfortunately Dead (2000)
Dissuade Truth (2003)
Other projects
Warcry – Trilogy of Terror (demo, 1983)
Death Strike – Fuckin' Death (demo, 1985)
Death Strike – Fuckin' Death (1991)
Speckmann Project – Speckmann Project (1991)
Walpurgisnacht – Live Demo (demo, 1997)
Solutions – Solutions (1999)
Martyr – Murder X: The End of the Game (2000)
Speckmann – ...God Created Master (The Early Years) (2001)
The Architects of Hate – Pure Hate EP (2008)
Johansson–Speckmann – Sulphur Skies (2013)
Johansson–Speckmann – Mask of the Treacherous (2014)
Cadaveric Poison – Cadaveric Poison (2016)
Speckmann Project – Fiends of Emptiness'' (2022) | Paul Speckmann |
Skyfire is an annual March fireworks show held over Lake Burley Griffin in Canberra, Australia since 1989. The event is funded by local radio station hit 104.7, and the display is synchronised to a soundtrack of music broadcast on the station.
History of the event
The first Skyfire was held on 18 March 1989, as FM 104.7's contribution to the Canberra Festival that year.
Around 60,000 people attended the second Skyfire on 11 March 1990, which was put on at a cost of around A$100,000.
On 10 March 1991, Skyfire III saw more than 2.5 tonnes of fireworks launched into the sky for Canberra's viewing pleasure.
In 1992, Skyfire was held on 8 March. It featured 3 tonnes of pyrotechnics and lasted for 35 minutes.
Skyfire V, on 7 March 1993, featured 436 separate shots, coordinated to music by artists including Madonna, Midnight Oil and Prince. The show used more than five tonnes of fireworks, launched from 10 pontoons floating in the middle of the lake.
In 1994, Skyfire was held on 13 March and featured 6 tonnes of aerial and water fireworks worth almost A$250,000.
Skyfire X, on 8 March 1998, attracted an estimated 120,000 visitors.
Skyfire XI, held on 7 March 1999, had grown to attract an estimated 180,000 visitors.
The 2006 Skyfire was held on 4 March, and called "Skyfire 18" because it was the eighteenth year of the fireworks. The day has become a large event with other activities including a display by the Roulettes aerobatic squadron and a performance by Lee Harding. There were around 35,000 individual fireworks used, with approximately 6,000 shooting comets and almost 3,000 shells.
More than 170,000 visitors turned out to see Skyfire 19 in 2007.
Skyfire 21 was held on 21 March 2009, with fireworks commencing at 8.33pm and lasting for 21 minutes. The firing zone was down the center basin of Lake Burley Griffin up to Anzac Parade and Parliament House down to Regatta Point. Fortunato Foti and a band of pyrotechnicians from Foti International Fireworks provided the show which was "at least 30 per cent bigger than the previous years," with "over 3,000 aerial fireworks, 15 to 20,000 shooting comets". One barge shot off a few more fireworks for 5–10 minutes after the show completed.
On 19 March 2011 around 80,000 people attended Skyfire. That year over 30 youths were taken into custody by police for underage drinking at the event. The following year, 130 police were employed to patrol Skyfire, and youth reception stations were set up at the event.
The 2012 event featured more than 2,500 aerial fireworks.
Skyfire 25 in 2013 featured displays by the Royal Australian Navy (RAN), the Federation Guard and the Snowy Hydro Rescue Helicopter.
Skyfire in 2014 utilised around 3,000 individual cues and approximately eight kilometres of cabling.
Skyfire 2018 featured 40,000 pyrotechnic effects, 2,500 shells and 25,000 shooting comets. The firework display will start at 8:30pm with events at Regatta Point starting at 6:00pm including music, Federation Guard displays and a Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) fast jet handling display.
Skyfire was cancelled in 2020, for the first time, due to the coronavirus pandemic in Australia. In November 2020, the 2021 show was also cancelled due to the pandemic.
On 26 October 2023 at 8am local time, as part of a huge announcement, it was announced that Skyfire will return on 16 March 2024, after a 5-year hiatus. Hit104.7 and Mix 106.3 Canberra will both co-host the event.
Attendance and pyrotechnics by year
Sponsors
Skyfire is a hit104.7 Canberra event, with sponsorship over the years also offered by Casino Canberra, ActewAGL, and Canberra Airport. | Skyfire (Canberra) |
The All Pakistan Muttahida Students Organization (APMSO; ) is a Pakistani student organization notable for creating a political party: the Mohajir Quami Movement, now called the Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM).
APMSO was founded by Altaf Hussain along with other students including Azeem Ahmed Tariq, Dr. Imran Farooq on Sunday, 11 June 1978 at Karachi University. Hussain also served as a 1st Chairman of organization while Azeem Ahmed Tariq served as 1st General Secretary of the organization.
Creation of APMSO & Philosophy
On 11 June 1978 All Pakistan Mohair Students Organization (APMSO) was created by Altaf Hussain and others to provide the university students a way to fight injustice. It became popular among students of Karachi University. APMSO won student union election in 1980's.
Many leaders rose from APMSO Azeem Ahmed Tariq, Imran Farooq, Farooq Sattar, Ishrat ul Ebad, Haider Abbas Rizvi and many others.
According to APMSO website the philosophy of APMSO & Muttahida Qaumi Movement is Realism and Practicalism.
Mohajir identity
Mohajirs had never liked the idea of identifying themselves with Sindhi population on the basis of ethnicity or nationality and were always hostile of "Sindhi nationalism" instead of "ethnic nationalism." But Ethno-nationalist politicians convinced them that circumstances needed them to seek their identity on ethnic lines. The Muhajir sense of isolation came into being through a series of events. The three most important being the 1964 presidential elections, the 1972 language riots, and the post-1985 ethnic clashes between Muhajirs and non-Muhajirs in Karachi. "During the December 1964 presidential elections, the Muhajir population of Karachi experienced a wrath of a Pathan backlash when Gohar Ayub Khan, son of President Ayub Khan, launched a series of attacks on Muhajir communities because of their support for Fatimah Jinnah, the sister of Mohammad Ali Jinnah, against Ayub Khan." Though Gohar Ayub's intentions were to target those who opposed his father, ethno-nationalists portrayed the move as specifically targeting Muhajirs At this time Ayub Khan moved the federal capital from Karachi to Islamabad, causing further anger amongst the elite of the Muhajir community, especially the bureaucracy.
The 1972 language riots were caused by the passage of a language bill by the Sindhi Assembly declaring Sindhi to be the provincial language along with Urdu. The making of Sindhi as an equal language to Urdu for official purposes frustrated the elite of the Muhajir community as it disfavored their hegemony over the region.
In June 1978 the All Pakistan Muhajir Student Organization was formed and it took on the task of creating a sense of distinction amongst Muhajir youth, on linguistic line, from the rest of Pakistanis. From the APMSO, in March 1984, was created the Muhajir Qaumi Movement. Now called the Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM), its leader declares its ideology to be based on Realism and Practicalism. "Acceptance of reality with an open heart is Realism, a concept based upon the philosophy of its Founder and Leader Mr. Altaf Hussain. Based on Realism positive achievement made through ideologically supported pragmatic programs is called Practicalism."
APMSO to MQM
From the early days APMSO faced many attacks by the Thunder Squad of Islami Jamiat Talaba (IJT). Jamiat has feared to loss its strong hold in university by APMSO. Therefore, the Leadership of Islami Jamiat Talaba gives task to its notorious "Thunder Squared" which is led by Munawar Hasan to remove APMSO and its leadership from university.
In 1981 Thunder Squad attack by knives and revolver on stalls of APMSO at university gates and badly wounded 16 members of APMSO including founder of APMSO Altaf Hussain and then the squad entry of APMSO in university.
Subsequently, Hussain decided to establish a National Political Party for Mohajir and then he found Mohajir Qaumi Movement (MQM) on 18 March 1984. MQM also achieve success as APMSO and in very short time, the philosophy of Altaf Hussain and MQM spread all over Sindh especially in Karachi, Hyderabad, Mirpurkhas, Nawabshah and Sukker.
Re-Engineering Pakistan Exhibition 2011
Announcement in a Press Conference
On June, 6th 2011, Chairman of All Pakistan Muttahida Students Organization Engr. Farhan Shams announce to organize three days science exhibition "Re-engineering Pakistan" by the Academic & Social Circle with the collaboration of APMSO. With aimed to bringing out the talents of Pakistani students and to give them an environment conducive for a better future. The APMSO had organized this exhibition in keeping with its past traditions and it would continue to hold such constructive programs for the betterment of the student community. He said this while addressing a press conference at the Karachi Press Club. He was accompanied by vice chairman Abdul Wahab, Secretary General Shabbir Babar Ali, Ahsan Ghouri and Isra Tufail.
Projects made by students and professionals regarding social sciences, engineering and medical sciences will be displayed in the exhibition. The projects relating to solar energy drone, and submarine technology would also be on the display in the exhibition.
He said that it was because in the light of the guidelines given by Mr. Altaf Hussain that the APMSO was organizing "Re-engineering Pakistan" exhibition at Karachi Expo Centre from 7 June to 9 June. The importance of the exhibition can be gauged from the fact that more than 500 institutions of higher education and learning were taking part in this exhibition and more than 300 projects would be displayed.
1st Day of Exhibition & Opening Ceremony
7 June 2011, the three days "Re-engineering Pakistan" exhibition started today in Karachi Expo Centre under Academic and Social Circle, a subsidiary social wing of All Pakistan Muttahida Students Organization. The exhibition was opened by member of the Co-ordination Committee Ms. Nasrin Jalil and Provincial Minister for Industries Mr. Rauf Siddiqui. Member Co-ordination Committee Wasay Jalil, Kunwar Khalid Yunus, Qasim Ali Raza, Salim Tajik, Dr. Sagheer Ahmed, vice-chancellor Karachi University Dr. Pirzada Qasim Siddiqui office-bearers of AMPSO and a large number of other dignitaries from industry were also present on the occasion.
More than 250 stalls from various educational institutions including NED University, Karachi University, Federal Urdu University, Hamdard University, Sindh Medical College, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Sir Syed University, Jinnah University for Women, Muhammad Ali Jinnah University and S M Law College were put up in the exhibition.
Visitors exhibited keen interest in projects relating to solar energy, electric-powered card, primitive form of drone, aero-plane, robots, traffic signals and other interesting projects made by the students of various universities.
2nd Day of Exhibition
8 June 2011, The Founder and Leader of Muttahida Quami Movement (MQM) Mr. Altaf Hussain have appreciated the efforts of the central committee of All Pakistan Muttahida Students Organization (APMSO) and Academic and Social Circle for successfully holding the "Re-engineering Pakistan" exhibition at the Karachi Expo Centre. He also commended the students who took active part in the exhibition.
Mr. Hussain appealed to the teaching community and the scientists to visit the exhibition guide the students in making their work fruitful for the country. He announced three cash prizes of one lack, fifty thousand and twenty five thousand for the students that would be judged first, second and third respectively. The prizes will be given on the last day of the exhibition.
Meanwhile, Deputy Convener of Co-ordination Committee and Federal Minister for Overseas Pakistanis Dr Farooq Sattar visited the expo centre today and gave a press briefing about the exhibition. Dr Sattar said that our youths had the ability to take the country ahead in the 21st century. Mr. Altaf Hussain, the APMSO and the Academic and Social Circle had proved that nothing was impossible if the intentions were pure.
3rd Day of Exhibition
9 June 2011, The Founder and Leader of Muttahida Quami Movement (MQM) Mr. Altaf Hussain was addressing a large gathering of students, young professionals, educationists, scientists, economists, representatives of corporate sector and others belonging to different walks of life at the closing ceremony of the "Re-engineering Pakistan" exhibition held by Academic and Social Circle, a social wing of All Pakistan Muttahida Students Organizations. Members of the Co-ordination Committee of the MQM were also present on the occasion.
Mr. Hussain praised the central committee of the APMSO on organizing the "Re-engineering Pakistan" exhibition and said that if the students were supported by the government Pakistan would not need to ask the US for the drone technology.
Karachi University and Youth Politics
Karachi University has been the hub of student political activity for many decades. "Student politics were born with the formation of Islami Jamiat Talba (IJT) and the Democratic Students' Federation (DSF) in 1948." Since then, numerous student political groups have emerged throughout the country representing different races, ethnicities, cultures, and ideologies.
"In the first few decades of Pakistan's existence, student politics was a symbol of the students' socio-political awareness." But change was quick and drastic, especially in the 1980s and 1990s. "Karachi University, like its host city, has always been a melting pot for students from all over the country. Its grounds have seen the spirited expression of various socio-political schools of thought, the gradual desensitisation of students after the military takeover of 1979 as well as the violent military crackdown on the APMSO-PSF conflict in 1993 that was followed by the indefinite deployment of Rangers on campus." In April 1984 General Zia Ul-Haq imposed a ban on all student organizations throughout the country, which prohibited the "formation and continuance" of student unions and stipulated a punishment of violators of the regulation by rigorous imprisonment up to five years, by a fine, or by both.
Although political parties still exist on campus, authorities deny their presence. Because of the constant rise in violence, the number of student political activists has dropped tremendously. Today parents "fearfully raise their children to mind their own business, study to build careers, not ideologies and lead safe, peaceful lives in sheltered cocoons. While student attendance may be full at academic, entertainment, or sports events organized by these parties, for any other events, students hesitate."
Despite constant condemnation by university administration, media and even the general student body, these parties maintain that they still have a role to play in society. Some students attribute this intolerance to the intolerance of university authorities for students' expressions against injustice.
In charge of APMSO's KU wing, adds to the case for political restoration of students, "We propose the restoration of a student union that has equal participation from all students. What we want is a students' parliament accommodating all the students in a peaceful, free environment."
According to the APMSO's KU Organizer, the alleged party workers had in fact nothing to do with APMSO, and that there have been numerous cases of students belonging to certain ethnic groups using the APMSO name to get out of attending classes. He insisted that his party strongly condemns students' missing classes for any reason. However, he does agree that security threats are indeed an issue and that the party has in the past requested the administration to provide security to some workers threatened by rival parties persisting to destroy the peace of the university.
NAQEEB
This is a quarterly Urdu magazine featuring articles, reports, poetries and other materials which is in interest of students. Naqeeb is publishing by Gehwara-e-Adab with the collaboration of APMSO from the head-office of Gehwara-e-Adab. NAQEEB is quite popular among students. The meaning of NAQEEB is "Harbinger". | All Pakistan Muttahidda Students Organization |
John Clayton Smith (15 September 1910 – 1986) was a footballer who played 347 league matches for Sheffield United between 1931 and 1949 as a goalkeeper.
He began by playing outfield for Bolsterstone FC, and first played in goal when replacing an injured team-mate. After an excellent performance, he remained as goalkeeper for the rest of the season, attracting the interest of both Sheffield clubs. He signed amateur forms with Sheffield Wednesday who loaned him to Worksop Town, but it was United who signed him as a professional after a couple of trial games in the Central League. Jack became one of the Blades most popular players, always remembered for his cheerful grin. Not for nothing he was nicknamed Smiler.
Between December 1935 and October 1947, he made 203 consecutive league appearances for United. Smith played for Sheffield United for 19 years, and in the final match of the 1948–49 season – a County Cup match against Barnsley – he was chaired from the field.
This was to have been his last appearance for the Blades, but he was forced out of retirement the following season for two matches due to an injury crisis. His final game was away at Grimsby Town in the Second Division on 24 September 1949, aged 39.
Career statistics
Baseball
Smith also played baseball for Sheffield Dons in their inaugural season in the semi-professional Yorkshire Baseball League, 1936. He competed successfully with several American and Canadian players. Smith played a number of positions but was most accomplished as keeper of first base. Smith also represented Yorkshire at baseball. | Jack Smith (footballer, born 1910) |
Sir Edmond Bell Of Castle Acre and Beaupre Hall, Norfolk. (bap 7 April 1562 – bur 22 December 1607). He was an MP of Aldeburgh, Justice of the Peace for Norfolk c. 1599, Knighted 1603.
Early life
He was baptised 7 April 1562, the first son and heir of Sir Robert Bell and Dorothie daughter of Edmonde Beaupre, Of Outwell/Upwell, Norfolk, and Catherine Bedingfield. He was probably educated at Pembroke College, Cambridge.
The first mention of Edmonde Bell, dates from 1567, where he is found recorded in his Grandfather's will, who bequeaths certain property to him, "books of law and Greek." It is likely that by age fifteen, Edmonde had been partially prepared and fashioned for a career in his family's profession, when he suffered the loss of his father from the terminal effects of what was then called "Jail Fever". Two years later, his mother married Sir John Peyton, a man whose military career was highly esteemed. Peyton, appears to have developed a closer relationship with Edmond's younger brother Robert,... who was groomed as a soldier and later become a captain of a company in the low countries. Around this time, Edmonde may have been busily engaged abroad in pursuit of his academic career at the university level.
Career
By 1583, it is known that he received his patrimony, which included extensive properties throughout Norfolk, and the manor of Castle Acre, where Edmonde dwelled and duly made his family seat. Perhaps this event is timed with his first marriage to Anne Osborne. By 1586, he became MP for Aldeburgh, where he was active in mercantile affairs, "investing heavily in privatering", specifically, the building of ships (gunboats) that incorporated advances in Naval Architecture. These investments did not prove lucrative, however, and perhaps were forfeited, in part as a consequence of the Spanish invasion of 1588, where Bells' Naval assets may have been sacrificed in service to the Crown. Following this period he is found tenaciously engaged as one of the commissioners entrusted with draining the fens, which eventually proved a success. He was knighted by King James I, on Friday 13 May 1603 together with ten others including, William Dethick, Garter King of Arms.
Marriages
Edmonde Bell married:
1. Anne daughter of Peter Osborne, (1521–1592), keeper of the privy purse to King Edward VI and Anne (d. 1615), daughter of Dr John Blythe, regis professor of physics at Cambridge, and niece of Sir John Cheke.
2. Muriel daughter of Sir Thomas Knyvett, of Ashwellthorpe, 4th Baron Berners and Muriel Parry (daughter of Sir Thomas Parry and Anne Reade). Muriel's sister was Lady Katherine Paston.
Descendants
Through the marriage of Anne daughter of Peter Osborne:
1. Sir Robert Bell b. 25 February 1587 m. Mary Chester
2. Phillip Bell b. 19 June 1590
3. Henry Bell b. 9 June 1591 d. 1615
4. Peter Bell b. Abt. 1594
5. Lady Francis Bell b. Abt 1594 d. 11 April 1627 m. Sir Heneage Finch, Speaker of the House of Commons;
(Ancestors of the House of Windsor)
6. Synolphus Bell b. 29 August 1596 d. 1636 m. Martha
7. Humphrey Bell b. 5 October 1597 d. Abt. 1654
8. Susan Bell b. 15 October 1598 m. Henry Coldwell
9. Jane Bell b. 1 October 1599 m. John Ramsay
10. Katherine Bell b. 9 October 1601 (2nd wife of) m. 1. Charles Trippe d. 12 JAN. 1623 2. James Hobart b. 23 June 1603 d. 16 July 1643, VIII son of Sir Henry Hobart Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas
Through the marriage to Elizabeth Inkpen
11 Richard Bell born 1605
Through the marriage of Muriel daughter of Thomas Knyvett:
12. Edmund Bell (b. 1606/7)
Sources
Hasler, P. W., HoP: House of Commons 1558-1603, Edmond Bell entry, HMSO 1981, p. 421
O'Donoghue, M.P.D., Report, Arms and ‘pe de gree's' of Bell [Sir Robert Bell], 15 August 2005 Coll Arm Ms, The Visitations of Norfolk, 1563, 1589, 1613, Bell. Beaupre., Harl 1552
Bell, R. R.L., Tudor Bell's Sound Out, Rolls- pb, 7 September 2006, 2nd revision 2008
1562 births
1607 deaths
People from King's Lynn and West Norfolk (district)
English MPs 1586–1587
17th-century English people
People from Outwell | Edmond Bell |
Sirkeci () is a neighborhood in the Eminönü quarter of the Fatih district in Istanbul, Turkey. In the Byzantine period, the area was known as Prosphorion ().
The neighborhood borders to the north the mouth of the Golden Horn, to the west the neighborhood of Bahçekapı, to the east the Topkapı Palace area, and to the south the Cağaloğlu neighborhood. It hosts the Sirkeci railway station, the easternmost terminus of the Orient Express, a historic long-distance passenger train service in Europe that operated between Paris and Istanbul in the period between 1883 and 2009.
The neighborhood consists mostly of commercial and tourist-oriented buildings. A combination of small shops, hans (larger workshops) and offices intermingle with boutique hotels, traditional Turkish restaurants, Turkish and foreign-language bookstores, and tourist offices.
Accommodation
In recent years, Sirkeci has become one of the major hotel neighborhoods in the historical peninsula of Istanbul. With its unique location between the Beyoğlu district and Sultanahmet quarter, Sirkeci hosts many hotels with reasonable pricing options and availability.
Transportation
Famous for its railway station which was the eastern terminus of the Orient Express, Sirkeci remains one of the main travel hubs for Istanbul, connecting suburban train, tram and ferry systems. The Sirkeci Station of the Turkish State Railways is the terminating node of the European railway network leading into Istanbul from Bucharest, Romania.
Sirkeci is a station on the Marmaray railway line running between Gebze and Halkalı, and connecting the European and Asian sides of Istanbul via a tunnel under the Bosphorus.
See also
Eminönü
Sirkeci Terminal
Marmaray
Istanbul Metro
Grand Post Office
Istanbul Postal Museum
Sources | Sirkeci |
Courgenay () is a municipality in the district of Porrentruy in the canton of Jura in Switzerland.
History
Courgenay is first mentioned in 1139 as Corgennart.
Geography
Courgenay has an area of . Of this area, or 48.3% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 42.1% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 9.3% is settled (buildings or roads), or 0.1% is either rivers or lakes and or 0.1% is unproductive land.
Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 1.1% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 4.1% and transportation infrastructure made up 2.9%. Out of the forested land, 40.8% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.3% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 25.0% is used for growing crops and 16.4% is pastures, while 1.8% is used for orchards or vine crops and 5.1% is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.
The municipality is located in the Porrentruy district. It consists of the village of Courgenay and the hamlet of Courtemautruy. The former villages of Courtemblin and Courtari were both abandoned shortly before or during the Thirty Years War.
Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Argent, a Goose Gules beaked and membered Or statant on Coupeaux Vert and in chief three Mullets of Five of the second.
Demographics
Courgenay has a population () of . , 9.4% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2000–2010) the population has changed at a rate of 2%. Migration accounted for 4%, while births and deaths accounted for -1.6%.
Most of the population () speaks French (1,912 or 92.7%) as their first language, German is the second most common (77 or 3.7%) and Italian is the third (27 or 1.3%). There are 2 people who speak Romansh.
, the population was 49.8% male and 50.2% female. The population was made up of 958 Swiss men (44.8% of the population) and 107 (5.0%) non-Swiss men. There were 973 Swiss women (45.5%) and 102 (4.8%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 764 or about 37.1% were born in Courgenay and lived there in 2000. There were 713 or 34.6% who were born in the same canton, while 224 or 10.9% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 290 or 14.1% were born outside of Switzerland.
, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 24.2% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 57.1% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 18.6%.
, there were 763 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 1,045 married individuals, 155 widows or widowers and 99 individuals who are divorced.
, there were 836 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.4 persons per household. There were 244 households that consist of only one person and 62 households with five or more people. , a total of 809 apartments (85.5% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 58 apartments (6.1%) were seasonally occupied and 79 apartments (8.4%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 2.3 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 3.06%.
The historical population is given in the following chart:
Heritage sites of national significance
The neolithic dolmen at Pierre-Percée is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance.
Politics
In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SPS which received 30.26% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the CVP (26.42%), the FDP (23.69%) and the SVP (14.98%). In the federal election, a total of 695 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 44.1%.
Economy
, Courgenay had an unemployment rate of 6.6%. , there were 83 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 31 businesses involved in this sector. 465 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 37 businesses in this sector. 285 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 61 businesses in this sector. There were 981 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 40.5% of the workforce.
the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 733. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 58, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 439 of which 360 or (82.0%) were in manufacturing and 79 (18.0%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 236. In the tertiary sector; 55 or 23.3% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 52 or 22.0% were in the movement and storage of goods, 22 or 9.3% were in a hotel or restaurant, 1 was in the information industry, 11 or 4.7% were the insurance or financial industry, 18 or 7.6% were technical professionals or scientists, 19 or 8.1% were in education and 45 or 19.1% were in health care.
, there were 530 workers who commuted into the municipality and 620 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 1.2 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. About 25.7% of the workforce coming into Courgenay are coming from outside Switzerland. Of the working population, 10.7% used public transportation to get to work, and 65% used a private car.
Religion
From the , 1,487 or 72.1% were Roman Catholic, while 319 or 15.5% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 4 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.19% of the population), and there were 62 individuals (or about 3.01% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 38 (or about 1.84% of the population) who were Islamic. There were 7 individuals who were Buddhist. 96 (or about 4.66% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 80 individuals (or about 3.88% of the population) did not answer the question.
Transport
Courgenay sits on the Delémont–Delle line and is served by trains at Courgenay railway station.
Education
In Courgenay about 669 or (32.4%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 162 or (7.9%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 162 who completed tertiary schooling, 60.5% were Swiss men, 24.1% were Swiss women, 11.7% were non-Swiss men and 3.7% were non-Swiss women.
The Canton of Jura school system provides two year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend a three or four year optional upper Secondary school followed by some form of Tertiary school or they may enter an apprenticeship.
During the 2009-10 school year, there were a total of 198 students attending 11 classes in Courgenay. There were 2.5 kindergarten classes with a total of 49 students in the municipality. The municipality had 8 primary classes and 149 students. There are only nine Secondary schools in the canton, so all the students from Courgenay attend their secondary school in another municipality.
, there were 8 students in Courgenay who came from another municipality, while 156 residents attended schools outside the municipality. | Courgenay |
The 31st Directors Guild of America Awards, honoring the outstanding directorial achievements in film and television in 1978, were presented on March 10, 1979 at the Beverly Hilton. The feature film nominees were announced in February 1979.
Winners and nominees
Film
Television | 31st Directors Guild of America Awards |
New Alipore is an upscale and standard locality in South Kolkata.
Description
Geography
New Alipore is bordered on the north by the Budge Budge section of the Kolkata Suburban Railway between Majerhat and Tollygunge stations. It is bounded by B.L. Saha Road (Chetla) to the east, Diamond Harbour Road to the west and by Behala to the south.
History
New Alipore was created as a planned residential suburb of Kolkata by the Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority in the 1950s to house the burgeoning population of the city.
New Alipore was already the location of the India Government Mint, built in the 1930s. Next to the mint lies the Centenary Port Trust Hospital, built in 1971..
Transport
New Alipore has two railway stations, New Alipore railway station and Majerhat railway station on the Budge Budge section of the Kolkata Suburban Railway and Kolkata Circular Railway.
New Alipore is connected to all parts of the city by extensive bus services. The Diamond Harbour Road is part of NH 117. The erstwhile Kalighat Falta Railway (KFR) has been dismantled and the space reclaimed. The stretch where once the tracks lay is now the James Long Sarani. This road runs parallel to the Diamond Harbour Road and through Behala and Thakurpukur.
Police district
New Alipore is served by New Alipore police station: it is part of the South division of Kolkata Police. Tollygunge Women's police station has jurisdiction over all the police districts in the South Division.
Institutions
There are many renowned educational institutions in New Alipore : New Alipore College, NAAC accredited "A" grade college, PRADCOMM EDUCATION CENTRE , St. Joseph & Mary's School, St. Thomas Institution, Moople - Institute of Animation and Design, Dream Institute of Technology, CMC Computer education Centre, National Institute of Information Technology, IMEI Kolkata, CADD Centre, P C Chandra College, Ruprit Educare, Digital WebGurukul, Professional Institute Of Wellness Studies & Research, SIP ABACUS New Alipore, TALLY ACADEMY-NEW ALIPORE, MiraTech Solutions,
Gallery
See also
:Category:People from New Alipore | New Alipore |
The 1990 Paisley South by-election was a parliamentary by-election held on 29 November 1990 for the House of Commons constituency of Paisley South, in the town of Paisley, Scotland.
It was caused by the death of the previous Labour Member of Parliament, Norman Buchan.
As in the by-election in the neighbouring seat of Paisley North held on the same day, the SNP saw a healthy increase in their share of the vote, but not enough to win, and the Labour Party retained the seat, with Gordon McMaster emerging as the victor.
The by-election was the first parliamentary election to take place under the premiership of John Major, who had succeeded Margaret Thatcher as Prime Minister just two days earlier. Although the change of party leader sparked an almost instant upswing in Conservative support (which had been declining for the previous 18 months largely due to the poll tax) and ultimately saw them win the 1992 general election with their highest number of votes on record, the Tories failed to take advantage of this by-election; polling at a mere 13.4% and failing to alter the political climate in a traditional Labour stronghold.
Results
See also
Paisley South (UK Parliament constituency)
1997 Paisley South by-election
1990 Paisley North by-election
Elections in Scotland
Lists of United Kingdom by-elections | 1990 Paisley South by-election |
Kottarakkara (IAST: Koṭṭārakkara), also transliterated as Kottarakara, is a town and municipality in the Kollam district of the Kerala, India. The town is close to Kollam Port, which has a rich history linked to the early medieval period as well as the reputation as an important commercial, industrial and trading center. Kottarakkara lies to the east of Kollam city centre.
History
Kottarakkara, also known in the ancient days of the kings as the Elayadathu Swarupam, was a principality ruled by a branch of the Travancore Royal Family. It is the home of Kathakali, a well known dance drama which originated initially as Ramanattam created in the 17th century by Prince Kottarakkara Thampuran and later patronized by the Raja of Kottarakkara in the early 19th century absorbing other dance forms of Krishnattam with further innovations.
Etymology
Kottarakkara, a compound word made up of the words Kottaram, meaning "palace", and kara meaning "land", literally means "land of palaces". The area which had several palaces was thus named "Kottarakkara."
Geography
Kottarakkara is a small principality close to Kollam. As a taluk headquarters, it has six panchayats and other small towns. It is surrounded by several other towns.
Towns and villages in Kottarakara Taluk
Ampalakkara
Andoor
Chadayamangalam
Chengamanadu
Chakkuvarakkal
Cherupoika
Chithara
Elamad
Ezhukone
Irukunnam
Ittiva
Kadakkal
Kalayapuram
Kareepra- Edakkidom
Karickom
Kottarakkara
Kottathala
Kottukkal
Kulakkada
Kummil
Malavila
Mankode
Melila
Mylom
Neduvathur
Nilamel
Odanavattom
Panaveli
Pavithreswaram
Pooyappally
Puthoor
Sadhanathapuram
Thrikkannamangal
Ummannur
Valakom
Velinallur
Veliyam
Vettikkavala
Climate
Politics
Kottarakara Assembly Constituency is one among the 11 assembly constituencies in Kollam district. K.N.Balagopal is the present MLA from Kottarakkara constituency. Kottarakkara comes under Mavelikkara (Lok Sabha constituency)(previously it was in Adoor Loksabha constituency) that represents a large area including Kottarakkara, Mavelikkara, Changanasseri, spread in Kollam, Alappuzha and Kottayam districts.
E Chandrasekaran Nair (CPI), D.Damodaran Potti (PSP), R.Balakrishna Pillai (Kerala Congress), E.Chandrasekaran Nair (CPI), C.Achutha Menon (CPI), Kottara Gopalakrishnan (INC) and R.Balakrishna Pillai (Kerala Congress - B) are the former elected members represented Kottarakara Assembly Constituency in the past.
Mandalam president: G.Peter (Kerala Congress)
Transportation
Road Network
NH 744 earlier known as NH 208 (Kollam to Thirumangalam) meets the MC road (Thiruvananthapuram to Angamaly) at Kottarakkara.
Kottarakkara is linked with Kollam (the district headquarters), both by road and rail, at a distance of 27 km. It is 66 km to the north of Thiruvananthapuram (the capital of Kerala) and 80 km to the south of Kottayam.
Road
Kottarakara has one of the Kerala's well connected KSRTC Hub, consist of various services across almost all the parts of kerala and interstate services.
Local routes are connected by private bus services as well as State Transport. It is well connected to the capital city of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram by KSRTC Fast Passenger, super fast,
super deluxe, a/c low floor buses. Buses are also ply to the district headquarters of Kollam and Pathanamthitta and to towns in Tamil Nadu like Coimbatore, Tenkasi and Sengottai and Daily trips to Mookambika, Sullia Munnar, Chennai, Hosur Bangalore, Velankanni, Madurai, Kumily, Mysore, Kanyakumari, Coimbatore, Nagercoil, Thirunelveli, Tuticorin, Palani, Trichy, Ernakulam, Kannur, Palakkad, Thrissur, Mangalore, Sultan Bathery, Kasaragod. Kottarakara depot of ksrtc is one of the top revenue earning depots of the state.
Rail
Kottarakara railway station is located on the Kollam-Sengottai railway line. Kottarakara railway station, which currently connects to Kollam, Trivandrum, Ernakulam, Thrissur, Palakkad, Madurai, Chennai, Kanyakumari, Tirunelveli, Guruvayur, Varkala and Punalur through the direct passenger, fast passenger and express train services. There are eight pairs of services right now and heard that many more services would be inducted in this route since the Punalur-Schengotta ghat section has been closed for Broad Gauge conversion. Further, a new line from Chengannur to Thiruvananthapuram via Adoor and Pandalam is awaiting survey. Kottarakkara will become a junction once the new line materializes.
Air
The nearest airport is Trivandrum International Airport, .
Notable people
Veliyam Bharghavan, Former General Secretary, Communist Party of India
Bobby Kottarakkara, Malayalam actor
K. B. Ganesh Kumar, actor and politician
Kottarakkara Sreedharan Nair (1922–1986), actor
R. Balakrishna Pillai, former Minister, MLA, MP and Panchayat President, Chairman of the Kerala Congress
Sai Kumar, Malayalam actor
Salim Yusuf - Physician, cardiologist and epidemiologist
Schools and Colleges | Kottarakkara |
George W. Drum (October 3, 1925–December 16, 1997) was an early leader in automobile club circles, and the first director of the Crosley Car Owners Club in 1952. With Edward Herzog, he worked to preserve the stock of spare parts for Crosley automobiles and trucks when the parent company Crosley Motors, Incorporated was sold to General Tire in July 1952 and production halted on July 3 of that year. George W. Drum resided at 2101 Greenway Avenue in Charlotte, North Carolina.
People in the automobile industry
1925 births
1997 deaths | George W. Drum |
Terramar may refer to:
Places
Terramar, Carlsbad, California, United States, a neighborhood
Terramar Visitor Center, a visitor center and museum at Hugh Taylor Birch State Park in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States
Autódromo de Sitges-Terramar, a former racing circuit in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Other
The TerraMar Project, a former American environmental nonprofit organization
Cupra Terramar, a 2024– Spanish compact performance SUV
See also
Terramare culture, an archaeological culture in Northern Italy | Terramar |
Walter Haskell Pincus (born December 24, 1932) is an American national security journalist. He reported for The Washington Post until the end of 2015. He has won several prizes including a Polk Award in 1977, a television Emmy in 1981, and shared a 2002 Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting with five other Washington Post reporters, and the 2010 Arthur Ross Media Award from the American Academy for Diplomacy. Since 2003, he has taught at Stanford University's Stanford in Washington program.
Biography
Pincus was born in Brooklyn, New York, the son of Jewish parents Jonas Pincus and Clare Glassman. He attended South Side High School, Rockville Centre, New York and graduated from Yale University with a B.A. in 1954. Before being drafted into the U.S. Army in 1955, where he served in the Counterintelligence Corps in Washington, D.C. from 1955–1957, he worked as a copy-boy for The New York Times. Pincus also attended Georgetown University Law Center, graduating in 2001 with a Juris Doctor degree.
In September 1954 he married Betty Meskin, with whom he has a son. In May 1965, he married his second wife Ann Witsell Terry, who is from Little Rock, Arkansas, with whom he has one daughter and two sons.
Career
After his discharge from the Army, Pincus worked at the copy desk of the Wall Street Journal's Washington edition, leaving in 1959 to become Washington correspondent for three North Carolina newspapers. In an 18-month sabbatical he took in 1962, he directed his first of two investigations for the Senate Foreign Relations Committee under J. William Fulbright. The investigations into foreign government lobbying led to a revision of the Foreign Agents Registration Act. In 1963, he joined the Washington Star, and in 1966 he moved to The Washington Post, where he worked till 1969. In 1969 till 1970 he directed another investigation for the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, looking into U.S. military and security commitments abroad and their effect on U.S. foreign policy, which eventually led to the McGovern-Hatfield amendment to end the Vietnam War.
In 1973 Pincus tried to establish a newspaper, aiming at university towns with bad local newspapers, but without success. Believing that he would later buy the magazine, he had become executive editor of The New Republic in 1972, where he covered the Watergate Senate hearings, the House impeachment hearings of Richard Nixon and the Watergate trial. In 1975, after he was fired from the New Republic, he went to work as consultant to NBC News and later CBS News, developing, writing or producing television segments for network evening news, magazine shows and hour documentaries, and joined The Washington Post the same year.
At The Washington Post, Pincus reports on intelligence, defense and foreign policy. He has written about a variety of news subjects ranging from nuclear weapons and arms control to political campaigns to the American hostages in Iran to investigations of Congress and the Executive Branch. For six years he covered the Iran-contra affair. He covered the intelligence community and its problems arising out of the case of confessed spy Aldrich Ames, allegations of Chinese espionage at the nuclear weapons laboratories.
Pincus attended Georgetown Law School part-time beginning in 1995 and graduated in 2001, at the age of sixty-eight. He has been a visiting lecturer at Yale University and since 2002 has taught a seminar at Stanford University's Stanford-in-Washington program.
Involvement in the Plame affair
In October 2003, Pincus cowrote a story for The Washington Post which described a July 12, 2003 conversation between an unnamed administration official and an unnamed Washington Post reporter. The official told the reporter that Iraq war critic Joe Wilson's wife Valerie Plame worked for the Central Intelligence Agency's (CIA) nonproliferation division, and suggested that Plame had recommended her husband to investigate reports that Iraq's government had tried to buy uranium in Niger.
It later became clear that Pincus himself was the Post reporter in question. Special Counsel Patrick Fitzgerald issued a grand jury subpoena to Pincus on August 9, 2004, in an attempt to discover the identity of Pincus' secret informant. On August 20, 2004, the Post filed a motion to quash the subpoena, but after Pincus' source came forward to speak with investigators, Pincus gave a deposition to Fitzgerald on September 15, 2004; he recounted the 2003 conversation to Fitzgerald but still did not name the administration official. In a public statement afterward, Pincus said that the special prosecutor had dropped his demand that Pincus reveal his source. On February 12, 2007, Pincus testified in court that it was then White House Press Secretary Ari Fleischer, swerving off topic during an interview, who had told him of Plame's identity. Pincus was interviewed about his involvement in the Plame affair, and his refusal to identify his source, in the first episode of Frontline's "News War".
Later work
In 2021, Pincus published Blown to Hell: America's Deadly Betrayal of the Marshall Islanders, a book about the effects of United States nuclear testing in the Marshall Islands.
Criticism
In July 2013 Pincus wrote an article about National Security Agency (NSA) whistleblower Edward Snowden prompting Guardian journalist Glenn Greenwald (himself a subject of the article) to write an open letter to Pincus regarding what he described as "blatant, easily demonstrated falsehoods" including:
1) Pincus stated that I wrote an article about Poitras "for the WikiLeaks Press's blog" (I never wrote anything for that blog in my life; the article he referenced was written for Salon); 2) Pincus claimed Assange "previewed" my first NSA scoop in a Democracy Now interview a week earlier by referencing the bulk collection of telephone calls (Assange was expressly talking about a widely reported Bush program from 8 years earlier, not the FISA court order under Obama I reported); 3) Pincus strongly implied that Snowden had worked for the NSA for less than 3 months by the time he showed up in Hong Kong with thousands of documents when, in fact, he had worked at the NSA continuously for 4 years."
Greenwald and others stated that Pincus also failed to follow standard journalistic best practice in not approaching him for comment or to fact-check his allegations which led his own colleague at the Washington Post to speculate that "Pincus was sticking up for his killer sources in the national security community" - something Pincus denied despite his widely known ties to and background in the military and intelligence communities.
When unionized Washington Post reporters in The Newspaper Guild withheld bylines to protest a company contract offer, Pincus refused to join his fellow reporters and allowed his byline to be published.
Honors and awards
Pincus has won several newspaper prizes including the 1961 Page One award for magazine reporting in The Reporter, the George Polk Award in 1977 for stories in The Washington Post exposing the neutron warhead, a television Emmy for writing on the 1981 CBS News documentary series, "Defense of the United States", and in 1999 he was awarded the first Stewart Alsop Award given by the Association of Foreign Intelligence Officers for his coverage of national security affairs. In 2002 he was one of six Washington Post reporters who won a Pulitzer Prize for National Reporting, and in 2010 the Arthur Ross Media Award from the American Academy for Diplomacy.
See also
CIA influence on public opinion | Walter Pincus |
Horst Schulze (26 April 1921 – 24 October 2018) was a German actor and opera singer. He was born in Dresden and died in Berlin at the age of 97.
Filmography | Horst Schulze |
Canadian Music Creators Coalition is a group of Canadian music artists opposed to introducing legislation similar to the United States' DMCA into Canadian intellectual property law. The group was officially formed April 26, 2006. An editorial from founding member Steven Page (formerly of the band Barenaked Ladies) announcing the formation of the coalition detailed three core principles, which included opposition to litigation against fans who download music, opposition to digital copy protection, and encouragement of a cultural policy that supported Canadian artists. According to Page, "This effort is not about giving our music away, it's about encouraging innovative approaches that will compensate musicians and protect music fans from litigation." The group received support from Charlie Angus, the NDP Heritage Critic. The Canadian Music Creators Coalition has provided a public voice on issues that affect its members, describing the Songwriters Association of Canada's proposal to monetize file sharing as a "forward thinking approach" and denouncing Bill C-61 for not focusing on the real needs of creators.
Notable Members
alexisonfire
Randy Bachman
Barenaked Ladies (founders)
Billy Talent
Broken Social Scene
Bob Ezrin
Leslie Feist
Matthew Good
Bill Henderson
Greg Keelor
Chantal Kreviazuk
Avril Lavigne
Lighthouse
Tara MacLean
Raine Maida
Sarah McLachlan
Metric
The New Pornographers
One Bad Son
Blair Packham
Sam Roberts
Sloan
Stars
Steven Page
Sum 41
Arlen Thompson
Three Days Grace | Canadian Music Creators Coalition |
In linguistics, reappropriation, reclamation, or resignification is the cultural process by which a group reclaims words or artifacts that were previously used in a way disparaging of that group. It is a specific form of a semantic change (i.e. change in a word's meaning). Linguistic reclamation can have wider implications in the fields of discourse and has been described in terms of personal or sociopolitical empowerment.
Characteristics
A reclaimed or reappropriated word is a word that was at one time pejorative but has been brought back into acceptable usage, usually starting within its original target, i.e. the communities that were pejoratively described by that word, and later spreading to the general populace as well. Some of the terms being reclaimed have originated as non-pejorative terms that over time became pejorative. Reclaiming them can be seen as restoring their original intent. This, however, does not apply to all such words as some were used in a derogatory fashion from the very beginning.
In terms of linguistic theory, reappropriation can be seen as a specific case of a type of a semantic change, namely, of amelioration - a process through which a word's meaning becomes more positive over time.
Robin Brontsema suggested that there are at least three identifiable goals of reclamation:
Value reversal
Neutralization
Stigma exploitation
Value reversal refers to changing the meaning from pejorative to positive, while neutralization refers to changing the meaning from pejorative to neutral. Stigma exploitation, finally, refers to retaining the derogatory nature of such terms as a reminder that a given group has been subject to unfair treatment. Those goals are mutually exclusive.
Reclamation can be seen as both a psychological, individual process and as a sociological, society-wide process. In terms of a personal process, it has been discussed in the context of empowerment that comes from "disarming the power of a dominant group to control one’s own and others’ views of oneself", and gaining control over the way one is described, and hence, one's self-image, self-control and self-understanding. Brontsema wrote that "At the heart of linguistic reclamation is the right of self-definition, of forging and naming one’s own existence." Other scholars have connected this concept to that of self-labelling. The empowerment process, and the denial of language as a tool of oppression as abuse of power, has also been stressed by scholars such as Judith Butler and Michel Foucault, the latter who also referred to it as a "reverse discourse".
In terms of the wider sociopolitical empowerment process, reclamation process has also been credited with promoting social justice, and building group solidarity; activists groups that engage in this process have been argued to be more likely to be seen as representative of their groups and see those groups as raising in power and status in their society. Scholars have argued that those who use such terms to describe themselves in the act of reappropriation "will feel powerful and therefore see his or her group label as less stigmatizing. Observers will infer that the group has power and will therefore see the label as less saturated in negativity".
Although those terms are most often used in the context of language, this concept has also been used in relation to other cultural concepts, for example in the discussion of reappropriation of stereotypes, reappropriation of popular culture (e.g., the reappropriation of science fiction literature into elite, high literature), or reappropriation of traditions.
Controversy and objections
Reclaimed words often remain controversial for a time, due to their original pejorative nature. For some terms, even "reclaimed" usage by members of the community concerned is a subject of controversy. Often, not all members of a given community support the idea that a particular slur should be reclaimed at all. In other cases, a word can be seen as acceptable when used by the members of the community that has reclaimed it (in-group usage), but its use by outside parties (out-group usage) can still be seen as derogatory and thus controversial. For example, Brontsema noted in 2003 in his discussion of the reclaimed terms that while "[the term nigger] may be acceptable for African Americans to use it freely, it is off-limits to whites, whose usage of nigger cannot be the same, given its history and the general history of racial oppression and racial relations in the United States." A similar argument has been made in 2009 for words associated with the LGBT movement like queer or dyke. A related discourse occurred with regards to the Washington Redskins name controversy, with the American Indians community was divided on whether the term has been reclaimed or not.
Those opposed to the reclamation of terms have argued that such terms are irredeemable and are forever connected to their derogatory meaning, and their usage will continue to hurt those who remember its original intent and even reinforce the existing stigma. The supporters of reclamation argue, in turn, that many such words had non-derogatory meanings that are simply being restored and that in either case, reclaiming such a word denies it to those who would want to use it to oppress others and represents a form of moral victory for the group that reclaimed it.
In 2017, the US Supreme Court, heard arguments for Matal v. Tam. In that case, the US Patent and Trademark Office refused a trademark registration for an Asian American band, The Slants, because it deemed the term disparaging. However, the court ruled unanimously in its favor. Washington University in St. Louis conducted an extensive study on reappropriation based on the band name and found that reclaimed words could be an effective tool for neutralizing disparaging words: "Reappropriation does seem to work in the sense of defusing insults, rendering them less disparaging and harmful."
Examples
Sex and sexuality
There are many recent examples of linguistic reappropriation in the areas of human sexuality, gender roles, sexual orientation, etc. Among these are:
dyke
faggot
hermaphrodite
queer
tongzhi
Politics
In England, Cavalier was a derogatory nickname reappropriated as self-identification, in contrast to the term Roundhead which, despite being used by the Royalists for the supporters of the Parliamentary cause, remained a derisory word up to the point of it being a punishable offense if used to refer to a soldier of the New Model Army. Tory (originally from the Middle Irish word for 'pursuer' ), Whig (from whiggamore; see the Whiggamore Raid) and Suffragette are other British examples.
In the American colonies, British officers used Yankee, a term originated in reference to Dutch settlers, as a derogatory term against the colonists. British officers created the early versions of the song Yankee Doodle, as a criticism of the uncultured colonists, but during the Revolution, as the colonists began to reappropriate the label yankee as a point of pride, they likewise reappropriated the song, altering verses, and turning it into a patriotic anthem. The term is now widely used as an affectionate nickname for Americans in general.
In the 1850s in the United States, a secretive political party was derisively dubbed the Know Nothing party, based on their penchant for saying "I know nothing" when asked for details by outsiders; this became the common name for the party. It eventually became a popular name, sufficiently so that consumer products like tea, candy, and even a freighter were branded with the name.
Anarchism was mostly a derogatory term used by opponents of collectivist forms of socialism, until it was adopted by the anarchist movement in the late 1800s.
During the 2016 United States presidential election, Hillary Clinton referred to some Trump supporters as a "Basket of deplorables". Many Trump supporters endorsed the phrase. Donald Trump also played the song "Do You Hear the People Sing?" from the musical Les Misérables as an introduction to one of his rallies, using a graphic captioned "Les Deplorables". Subsequently, Trump called Clinton a "nasty woman" during the final presidential debate, resulting in that expression being described as a "rallying cry" for women. It was soon featured on merchandise and used by Clinton's campaign surrogates.
Religion
One of the older examples of successful reclaiming is the term Jesuit to refer to members of the Society of Jesus. This was originally a derogatory term referring to people who too readily invoked the name of Jesus in their politics, but which members of the Society adopted over time for themselves, so that the word came to refer exclusively to them, and generally in a positive or neutral sense, even though the term "Jesuitical" is derived from the Society of Jesus and is used to mean things like: manipulative, conspiring, treacherous, capable of intellectually justifying anything by convoluted reasoning.
Other examples can be found in the origins of Methodism; early members were originally mocked for their "methodical" and rule-driven religious devotion, founder John Wesley embraced the term for his movement. Members of the Religious Society of Friends were termed Quakers as an epithet, but took up the term themselves. Similarly, the term Protestant was originally a derogatory term, and more recently the term pagan has been subject to a similar change in meaning.
Race, ethnicity, and nationality
To a lesser extent, and more controversially among the groups referred to, many racial, ethnic, and class terms have been reappropriated:
Baster, the name is derived from bastaard, the Dutch word for "bastard". They are a Southern African ethnic group descended from White European men and Black African women. The Basters reappropriated it as a "proud name", claiming their ancestry and history.
Black, negro, nigga, or nigger by African Americans
Curry, used a derogatory term for South Asians (often in conjunction with muncher or slurper), reappropriated by some members of the South Asian expatriate or American-Born Confused Desi community.
Jew by the Jewish people (the word used to be seen as pejorative in English). That process is still not complete in some Slavic languages, where the word Zhyd can still be seen as pejorative.
Kugel, playful South African English slang for a materialistic young woman, originally was a derogatory term used by the elder generation of South African Jews for a young Jewish woman who forsook traditional Jewish dress values for those of the ostentatiously wealthy and became overly materialistic and overgroomed. The term was then reclaimed by those women.
Peckerwood, originally black slang in the Southern United States for poor whites, reclaimed by white prison gangs
Smoggie, originally a derogatory term for people from the North East England town of Middlesbrough, in reference to the town's notorious industrial pollution, now commonly used in self-identification.
White trash, a classist slur referring to poor white people, reappropriated by some in the Southern states of the United States of America as a cultural symbol and badge of pride - however this reappropriation has not been as evident in mainstream British English syntax where it is used in a more condescending or sarcastic manner.
Wog by Australians of Greek, Italian, Arab or Turkish descent.
Disability
cripple, crip, gimp by people with disabilities.
mad by people with mental disorders
Art movements
Impressionists In 1874 during their first independent art show, critic Louis Leroy penned a hostile review of the show in Le Charivari newspaper under the title "The Exhibition of the Impression-ists". In particular he used the painting Impression, soleil levant by Claude Monet to ridicule the painters for their lack of seriousness preferring to paint "fleeting impressions of the moment" rather than allegorical or ultra-realist themes.
Stuckism is an international art movement founded in 1999; its members produce figurative art. Tracey Emin, one of the Young British Artists known for their conceptual art, accused her then-boyfriend of lack of imagination or reach, of being "stuck". He took on the term.
Feminism
Words some feminist activists have argued should be reclaimed include:
bitch
cunt
slut
lady
See also
Détournement, a similar strategy used for images
Dysphemism treadmill, the process by which offensive terms can become acceptable without deliberate intervention
Gaysper, reappropriated LGBT symbol
Geographical renaming, which can include reclaiming an earlier pre-colonial name | Reappropriation |
Anna Roemers Visscher (c. 2 February 1583 – 6 December 1651) was a Dutch artist, poet, and translator.
Biography
Anna Roemers Visscher was the eldest daughter of Amsterdam merchant and poet Roemer Visscher and the sister of Maria Tesselschade Visscher. Her family's economic and social status in Amsterdam enabled Visscher to be schooled in languages, calligraphy, embroidery, drawing, painting, glass engraving and other arts.
Visscher married Dominicus Booth van Wesel in 1624. In 1646, they moved with their two sons Roemer and Johan to Leiden.
Visscher lived during the Renaissance when women poets were often praised for who they were more than for their literary work. She was amongst the group of artists, writers and musicians who formed the Muiderkring or Muiden Circle. She was highly admired by the artistic elite such as P. C. Hooft, Jacob Cats, Joost van den Vondel, Constantijn Huygens and others. They called her a muse, the second Sappho, a fourth grace and more, and often dedicated works to her. Jacob Cats, for example, dedicated Maagdeplicht (The Duties of a Maiden) to Visscher. The Flemish painter Peter Paul Rubens dedicated an engraving of his Susanna and the Elders, executed by Michel Lasne (ca. 1617–18) under Rubens's supervision, to Anna Visscher; the inscription praises her virtue. A second engraving, executed by Lucas Vorsterman (1620) after another of Rubens's Susanna and the Elders, carries the same dedication from Rubens to Visscher.
Visscher is particularly regarded for her diamond-point glass engraving. Additionally, she had an apparent interest in emblem books, as she translated into Dutch thirteen epigrams from Georgette de Montenay's Emblèmes, ou devises chrestiennes of 1584 Manuscripts Catalogue. She also contributed poetry to the 1618 emblem book, Silenus Alcibiadis, Sive Proteus K. ter Laan, Letterkundig woordenboek voor Noord en Zuid · dbnl by Jacob Cats. She was a contemporary and friend of Anna Maria van Schurman.
Visscher died in Alkmaar, at the home of her sister Maria. | Anna Visscher |
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