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mun
|
For 15 years, Memorial students have been putting science into the hands of youth through chemistry magic shows, experiments with the five senses and countless other activities aimed at sparking a passion for science. It's all a part of the Let's Talk Science program, a national outreach initiative meant to engage youth of all ages in science, engineering and technology. This year is the 15th anniversary of Let's Talk Science at Memorial University.
The program runs at 33 universities and colleges nationwide, and Newfoundland is the only province with just one Let's Talk Science site. With the most landmass to cover, Memorial's Let's Talk Science volunteers keep busy.
"We note every community we've been to and every year we try to reach new communities," explained Siobhan Kavanagh, executive director of the Memorial chapter.
Over midterm break, the volunteers visited communities throughout Labrador and more than 3,500 youth participated in the Let's Talk Science program.
There are programs tailored for all age groups from pre-school to university aged.
Ms. Kavanagh says that although most preschoolers seem to know more about dinosaurs than the university students leading the sessions, they still love creating fossil footprints.
"It's truly fun for the students and for the volunteers. The workshops are really hands-on and kids get really excited about science," she explained.
Fostering a love of science is the impetus for the entire Let's Talk Science program.
"The world is becoming more science oriented. We want to create love of science that will translate into more students studying and pursuing careers in the science industry," Ms. Kavanagh said.
While the Let's Talk Science national office provides some of the programming, volunteers are encouraged to create their own.
More than 250 Memorial students were trained this year as volunteers and Ms. Kavanagh says the level of involvement is up to the individual student. "Let's Talk Science is an opportunity to enhance leadership skills, give back to the community and have fun and be creative with science."
"It can be whatever you make it: some of our volunteers have created really great workshops for students, and others have found their niche working with different age groups."
Ms. Kavanagh credits the longevity and success of the program to the support from the university and wider community.
"Many factors go into making a program like this a success. Our student volunteers are enthusiastic about the work they do; Memorial University has provided support, financially and otherwise; the schools and community groups we visit are welcoming and the students just love it and really actively participate."
More than 11,000 youth in Newfoundland and Labrador participated in Let's Talk Science programs organized by the Memorial branch, and that number is expected to grow.
"It's my hope that we can expand our programming even further," said Ms. Kavanagh. "At Memorial we've already branched out from the school system into community groups and preschools, and we'd like to team up with the Grenfell Campus in Corner Brook to further increase science and engineering literacy, foster more love for science and help contribute to an innovative generation."
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2019-04-21T16:57:39Z
|
http://www.mun.ca/gazette/issues/vol44no02/science.php
|
Arts
|
Science
| 0.700513 |
scotsman
|
COSTUME designers working on time-travel television drama Outlander have been sourcing items from a knitter living in North Uist.
The Emmy-award winning team who create costumes for the cast of the popular series discovered Flora Kennedy’s work on Etsy, the online shop for amateur crafters, and placed an order.
Kennedy’s Inner Wild items, “inspired by Scotland’s mythology, ancestral territory and rugged landscapes”, have been worn by star Caitriona Balfe, as well as other lead characters in the series based on Diana Gabaldon’s bestsellers.
The first item on Kennedy’s Etsy site which caught the attention of costume designer Terry Dresbach was the hand-knitted Sassenach capelet and sleeves now worn by Balfe, who plays Claire Randall. Selling at £67, the shrug’s care instructions include “wear while enjoying wild adventures”. Kennedy, 50, who lives in the village of Sollas, said: “The order came on the site and I saw the address was the Outlander studio so I realised straightaway who it was from. Then the costume buyer telephoned me and said ‘Terry loves the garments you’ve got in the shop’.
Kennedy, who was taught to knit by her mother, has now received orders from Outlander fans in the US, Canada and Australia as well as the UK. “I felt wildly excited and absolutely astonished because I love Outlander and had read it 15 years ago. I was living in New Zealand at the time and it was a bit of ‘my homeland’. I just absorbed it and I can see now how my knitting was somehow influenced by all the mental images in the writing.
Kennedy said she takes a “free knitting” approach, meaning she knits intuitively, but she has latterly taken to writing down what she has done.“I felt a real sense of obligation to provide knitwear for Outlander fans who contacted me so had to work out how to do repeat designs. People used to laugh at jumpers knitted by grannies but are now craving that sense of something being made with love,” she added.
Dresbach added: “In this business we are often asked to capture a culture that is not our own.
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2019-04-22T14:06:24Z
|
https://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/culture/tv-radio/north-uist-knitter-is-secret-star-of-tv-yarn-outlander-1-4089239
|
Arts
|
Arts
| 0.109891 |
uga
|
This catalogue accompanies the exhibition of the same name, on view at the Georgia Museum of Art May 19 – July 29, 2018. Drawn from one of the most important Georgia-based collections of American art, the catalogue features furniture and porcelain as well as paintings in a unique opportunity to see the exceptional collection from Bellmere, the home of Jim and Deen Day Sanders. Essays discuss a wide range of topics including the American West, depictions of reading in late 19th and early 20th century portraiture, creating a home out of the best decorative arts, and interpretations of Florida flora and fauna in an Ernest Lawson painting.
The authors of this collection are diverse and include conservation botanist Linda Chafin, State Botanical Garden of Georgia special events coordinator Connie Cottingham, curator of decorative arts Dale L. Couch, director William U. Eiland, curator of American art Sarah Kate Gillespie, associate professor of language and literacy education Jennifer Graff, curator of American paintings Donald D. Keyes, associate professor of history Akela Reason, graduate student Courtney Shimek, and former president of the Friends of the State Botanical Garden Mike Sikes.
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2019-04-26T04:08:50Z
|
https://estore.uga.edu/C27063_ustores/web/classic/product_detail.jsp?PRODUCTID=5951
|
Arts
|
Arts
| 0.981964 |
csulb
|
Dr. Chambers joined the faculty at CSULB in 2006. She teaches foundation and advanced social welfare policy courses and provides thesis advisement. Her prior practice experiences include clinical work with children youth and families, community and policy work, supervision, and grant writing. Her research interests are focused in three primary areas: child neglect and its relationship to poverty, child welfare services and family outcomes, and service integration.
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2019-04-18T15:16:56Z
|
https://web.csulb.edu/colleges/chhs/departments/social-work/staff-and-faculty/RuthChambers.html
|
Arts
|
Kids
| 0.832097 |
hcn
|
A man jumps from a cliff into a pool in Fossil Creek as others look on.
Dexter Allen, a Fossil Creek patrol ranger, cleans trash from a firepit after a big weekend.
"The numbers of people we see out here, it's not sustainable," Rotert says as he patrols the only road in and out of the area, writing parking tickets and explaining to visitors that the route needs to be kept clear for emergency vehicles. "Something has to be done."
A plan of action is in the works but will take some time to come to fruition. In 2009, Congress designated Fossil Creek a wild and scenic river, one of only two in Arizona. The designation requires the Forest Service to "protect and enhance" the river's free-flowing condition, water quality and its "outstandingly remarkable values" including its geology, aquatic habitat and historical significance. A comprehensive management plan for the area is mandated by early 2012.
Recently, officials held a series of public meetings to get input. Managers, stakeholders and concerned citizens mostly agree on the need to limit public access in some way, perhaps with a permit system, or even by making it a "day use only" area. Jennifer Burns, the Red Rock Ranger District recreation officer in charge of Fossil Creek, points to two other Arizona riparian areas as possible models. Aravaipa Creek Wilderness currently operates under a permit system that allows no more then 50 people per day and no more than 10 people per party. Permits for spring and fall weekends at Aravaipa usually sell out within hours. Sabino Canyon Recreation Area, outside of Tucson, charges a day use fee and can only be reached by foot or shuttle bus.
Limiting visitation rubs some the wrong way, says Lynn Humphrey, the recreation planner in charge of facilitating the Fossil Creek plan. "They're the people that usually don't attend the meetings, so we've sent in pollsters on big weekends to get additional public input." Jordan Wright, for one, is against keeping people out. Amid a swarm of giddy children, the 39-year-old Phoenix resident is getting ready to jump off an outcropping into a green pool three stories below. It's great to see people enjoying the creek, he says. "I don't think they should ever put limits on visitation. People just need to pick up their junk." He believes that better education -- and perhaps a few more patrolmen -- would solve the problems.
It's a complicated situation: The more people who experience and enjoy the natural world, the more likely they are to become future stewards of the land. But "the reality is that it's a small area and we're going to need to control the amount of human impact," concludes Silver. "The lesson we need to take from this is we need more success stories like Fossil Creek. We have a population that really desires this type of recreation and this experience with nature."
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2019-04-19T10:42:17Z
|
https://www.hcn.org/issues/43.3/arizonas-fossil-creek-gets-restored-and-loved-to-death?b_start:int=1
|
Arts
|
Recreation
| 0.886789 |
wired
|
Is the internet making you dizzy yet? If not, it’s about to.
Instagram just announced its newest standalone app, Boomerang, and it’s yet another way to make the herky-jerky, whiplash videos that we’ve recently seen spreading across the web. The app lets you create what Instagram is appropriately calling a “boomerang,” by taking short burst videos and playing them back not in a loop, but in a sort of self-rewinding clip.
Boomerang looks like a gif, but it’s actually something totally different. Whereas a gif is still images stitched together, a boomerang is made from video footage. The app (for iOS and Android) grabs one second of video then plays it forwards and backwards on a loop for four seconds. This palindromic effect can help create the optical illusion of defying gravity or water being poured backwards, for instance.
John Barnett, a product lead at Instagram, says the app was conceived during a hackathon over the summer. His team, which also worked on Hyperlapse and Layout, had been noticing that people were using the looping feature in Instagram’s videos to create seamless looping effects. “We wondered, what can we do that’s even more fun with loops?” he says.
Perhaps you’re saying, “But I’ve been posting images like these for a while now!" And it’s true, Instagram is a little late. Apps like Phhhoto have been peddling a very similar form of stuttering image for more than a year, and I’ve wasted plenty of time Gchatting friends GIFs made from this delightful website. But, like we’ve seen with Instagram’s implementation of landscape and portrait photos, the company is, if nothing else, good at taking stock of what third-party apps work on the platform then creating a better, more design-focused version of it for themselves.
The thing is, Boomerang couldn’t be more on trend. No longer is a static picture enough to communicate the depth of our experiences. Motion, it could be said, is the new filter. Apple recently launched its “Live Photos" feature, which essentially appends a few extra frames to either side of what would otherwise be a static photo. Facebook also hopped on the bandwagon with its gif-able profile photos.
Boomerang is slightly weirder and more arty than either of these options. In its non-committal, hybrid way, it’s arguably the perfect medium for the internet generation’s attention span. And if you think back, you'll recall it's a visual trick that's already been co-opted by the queen of pop culture. As one friend explains it: “The real beauty is that you can recreate the Beyoncé video.” If we’re being honest, do you really need anything else from an app?
|
2019-04-18T15:00:09Z
|
https://www.wired.com/2015/10/instagrams-newest-app-helps-you-dance-like-beyoncesort-of/
|
Arts
|
Business
| 0.130746 |
ed
|
The focus of this thesis is on systems that employ both flash and magnetic disks as storage media. Considering the widely disparate I/O costs of flash disks currently on the market, our approach is a cost-aware one: we explore techniques that exploit the I/O costs of the underlying storage devices to improve I/O performance. We also study the asymmetric I/O properties of magnetic and flash disks and propose algorithms that take advantage of this asymmetry. Our work is geared towards database systems; however, most of the ideas presented in this thesis can be generalised to any data-intensive application. For the case of low-end, inexpensive flash devices with large capacities, we propose using them at the same level of the memory hierarchy as magnetic disks. In such setups, we study the problem of data placement, that is, on which type of storage medium each data page should be stored. We present a family of online algorithms that can be used to dynamically decide the optimal placement of each page. Our algorithms adapt to changing workloads for maximum I/O efficiency. We found that substantial performance benefits can be gained with such a design, especially for queries touching large sets of pages with read-intensive workloads. Moving one level higher in the storage hierarchy, we study the problem of buffer allocation in databases that store data across multiple storage devices. We present our novel approach to per-device memory allocation, under which both the I/O costs of the storage devices and the cache behaviour of the data stored on each medium determine the size of the main memory buffers that will be allocated to each device. Towards informed decisions, we found that the ability to predict the cache behaviour of devices under various cache sizes is of paramount importance. In light of this, we study the problem of efficiently tracking the hit ratio curve for each device and introduce a lowoverhead technique that provides high accuracy. The price and performance characteristics of high-end flash disks make them perfectly suitable for use as caches between the main memory and the magnetic disk(s) of a storage system. In this context, we primarily focus on the problem of deciding which data should be placed in the flash cache of a system: how the data flows from one level of the memory hierarchy to the others is crucial for the performance of such a system. Considering such decisions, we found that the I/O costs of the flash cache play a major role. We also study several implementation issues such as the optimal size of flash pages and the properties of the page directory of a flash cache. Finally, we explore sorting in external memory using external merge-sort, as the latter employs access patterns that can take full advantage of the I/O characteristics of flash memory. We study the problem of sorting hierarchical data, as such is necessary for a wide variety of applications including archiving scientific data and dealing with large XML datasets. The proposed algorithm efficiently exploits the hierarchical structure in order to minimize the number of disk accesses and optimise the utilization of available memory. Our proposals are not specific to sorting over flash memory: the presented techniques are highly efficient over magnetic disks as well.
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2019-04-22T02:47:19Z
|
https://www.era.lib.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/3932
|
Arts
|
Computers
| 0.333054 |
askmen
|
We all know that Leonardo da Vinci was a painter, sculptor, architect, and engineer, and that he made great advancements in the fields of military tactics, biology and geology. But he was also a very quirky individual.
All of his artwork goes beyond the obvious; the characters in his paintings appear to have their own stories, separate from what's being portrayed. Just what is the "Mona Lisa" smiling about anyway? Why all the activity in "The Last Supper"? These questions, studied in depth in The Da Vinci Code , have been the subject of many inquiries in the field of art history.
Since da Vinci wasn't as devout a Christian as his contemporaries, some believe that he inserted subliminal subversive messages or secret puzzles into his seemingly religious paintings. Case in point: da Vinci wrote in mirror script (backwards) in his notebooks to ensure that his findings would not be easily readable.
What Dan Brown suggests in The Da Vinci Code is that the cryptic messages in da Vinci's artwork led to a secret that was defended for a millennium by a society identified as the Priory of Sion. But does such a society really exist?
Controversy has been surrounding this group since 1975, when a group of Parisian librarians at the Bibliotheque Nationale made a startling discovery. They found parchments, known as Les Dossiers Secrets , in which notable figures such as Sir Isaac Newton, Victor Hugo, Leonardo da Vinci, and French President Francois Mitterrand were said to be secret members of the Priory of Sion.
According to these parchments, the Priory of Sion is a secret society founded in 1090 by Godefroi de Bouillon, under the name Ordre de Sion . Apparently, the objective of the organization was to restore the Merovingian bloodline to the thrones of Europe, during a time when royal wars were commonplace.
However, another theory states that it was a friendly society created in the 1950s by Pierre Plantard, and that the documents discovered in 1975 were created to make it seem more noble.
Yet another hypothesis suggests that it was a hoax created by Surrealist artist Jean Cocteau as a form of performance art.
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2019-04-22T04:23:05Z
|
https://www.askmen.com/entertainment/special_feature_60/64b_special_feature.html
|
Arts
|
Arts
| 0.690993 |
buffalo
|
Buffalo Law Review, 1977–1978 Board of Editors, 27 Buff. L. Rev. 293 (1978).
|
2019-04-25T06:43:18Z
|
https://digitalcommons.law.buffalo.edu/buffalolawreview/vol27/iss2/2/
|
Arts
|
Reference
| 0.460913 |
twitter
|
It was an amazing experience. It’s so high up guys. Both @Mike_Colourcube and Sophie went really quiet beforehand and I (Liz) went into serious motor mouth mode!
Your certainly clocking up the miles !
|
2019-04-24T02:03:34Z
|
https://mobile.twitter.com/colourcubeauto
|
Arts
|
Recreation
| 0.232009 |
google
|
An abrasive tool insert includes (a) a substrate having a support face that includes (1) an inner support table, (2) an outer shoulder having a width, Sw, and (3) a downwardly sloping interface from the support table to the shoulder, which interface has a slope angle, Sa. A continuous abrasive layer, integrally formed on the substrate support face, includes (1) a center having a height, Dc, (2) a diameter, Dd, (3) a periphery having a height, Dp, in contact with the shoulder and which periphery forms a cutting edge. Sw:Dd ranges from between 0 and about 0.5. For each Sa and Sw:Dd, Dc:Dp is selected so as to diminish residual stress in the abrasive layer.
This application claims priority on U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/395,182, filed on Jul. 10, 2002.
The present invention relates to the field of abrasive tool inserts and, more particularly, to such inserts having minimized residual tensile stresses.
Abrasive compacts are used extensively in cutting, milling, grinding, drilling and other abrasive operations. An abrasive particle compact is a polycrystalline mass of abrasive particles, such as diamond and/or cubic boron nitride (CBN), bonded together to form an integral, tough, high-strength mass. Such components can be bonded together in a particle-to-particle self-bonded relationship, by means of a bonding medium disposed between the particles, or by combinations thereof. The abrasive particle content of the abrasive compact is high and there is an extensive amount of direct particle-to-particle bonding. Abrasive compacts are made under elevated or high pressure and temperature (HP/HT) conditions at which the particles, diamond or CBN, are crystallographically stable. For example, see U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,136,615, 3,141,746, and 3,233,988.
A supported abrasive particle compact, herein termed a composite compact, is an abrasive particle compact, which is bonded to a substrate material, such as cemented tungsten carbide.
Abrasive compacts tend to be brittle and, in use, they frequently are supported by being bonded to a cemented carbide substrate. Such supported abrasive compacts are known in the art as composite abrasive compacts. Compacts of this type are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,743,489, 3,745,623, and 3,767,371. The bond to the support can be formed either during or subsequent to the formation of the abrasive particle compact. Composite abrasive compacts may be used as such in the working surface of an abrasive tool.
Composite compacts have found special utility as cutting elements in drill bits. Drill bits for use in rock drilling, machining of wear resistant materials, and other operations which require high abrasion resistance or wear resistance generally consist of a plurality of polycrystalline abrasive cutting elements fixed in a holder. U.S. Pat. No. 4,109,737 describes drill bits with a tungsten carbide stud (substrate) having a polycrystalline diamond compact on the outer surface of the cutting element. A plurality of these cutting elements then are mounted generally by interference fit into recesses into the crown of a drill bit, such as a rotary drill bit. These drill bits generally have means for providing water-cooling or other cooling fluids to the interface between the drill crown and the substance being drilled during drilling operations. The cutting element comprises an elongated pin of a metal carbide (stud) which may be either sintered or cemented carbide (such as tungsten carbide) with an abrasive particle compact (e.g., polycrystalline diamond) at one end of the pin for form a composite compact.
Fabrication of the composite compact typically is achieved by placing a cemented carbide substrate into the container of a press. A mixture of diamond grains or diamond grains and catalyst binder is placed atop the substrate and compressed under HP/HT conditions. A composite compact formed in the above-described manner may be subject to a number of shortcomings. For example, the coefficients of thermal expansion and elastic constants of cemented carbide and diamond are close, but not exactly the same. Thus, during heating or cooling of the polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC), thermally induced stresses occur at the interface between the diamond layer and the cemented carbide substrate, the magnitude of these stresses being dependent, for example, on the disparity in thermal expansion coefficients and elastic constants. Another potential shortcoming relates to the creation of internal stresses within the diamond layer, which can result in a fracturing of that layer. Such stresses also result from the presence of the cemented carbide substrate and are distributed according to the size, geometry, and physical properties of the cemented carbide substrate and the polycrystalline diamond layer. In some applications, the tools are subject to delamination failures caused by thermally induced axial residual stresses on the outer diameter of the superabrasive layer. The stresses reduce the effectiveness of the tools and limit the applications in which they can be used.
Various PDC structures have been proposed in which the diamond/carbide interface contains a number of ridges, grooves, or other indentations aimed at reducing the susceptibility of the diamond/carbide interface to mechanical and thermal stresses. In U.S. Pat. No. 4,784,023, a PDC includes an interface having a number of alternating grooves and ridges, the top and bottom of which are substantially parallel with the compact surface and the sides of which are substantially perpendicular to the compact surface.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,972,637 proposes a PDC having an interface containing discrete, spaced-apart recesses extending into the cemented carbide layer, the recesses containing abrasive material (e.g., diamond) and being arranged in a series of rows, each recess being staggered relative to its nearest neighbor in an adjacent row. U.S. Pat. No. 5,007,207 proposes an alternative PDC structure having a number of recesses in the carbide layer, each filled with diamond, which recesses are formed into a spiral or concentric circular pattern.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,486,137 proposes a tool insert having an outer downwardly sloped interface surface. U.S. Pat. No. 5,483,330 proposes a sawtooth shaped cross-sectional profile and U.S. Pat. No. 5,494,477 proposed an outwardly sloping profile in the interface design. U.S. Pat. No. 5,605,199 proposes a profile comprising an peripheral region with inclined inner surface surrounding an inner region. U.S. Pat. No. 6,315,652 proposes an abrasive tool insert having an interface formed in a sawtooth pattern of concentric rings extending from said center to the periphery.
There is still a need in the art to minimize susceptibility to fracture and spall in the diamond layer of cutting tools, which in part arises from the internal residual stresses. Thus it would be highly desirable to provide a polycrystalline diamond compact having increased resistance to diamond spalling fractures.
The present invention relates to an abrasive tool insert which comprises a substrate having a support face that includes: an inner support table; an outer shoulder having a width, Sw; a downwardly sloping interface from the support table to the shoulder which interface has a slope angle, Sa; and a continuous abrasive layer integrally formed on the substrate support face, which abrasive layer includes: (a) a center having a height, Dc; (b) a diameter, Dd; (c) a periphery having a height, Dp, in contact with the shoulder and which periphery forms a cutting edge; wherein, (i) Sw:Dd ranges from between 0 and about 0.5; and (ii) for each Sa and Sw:Dd, Dc:Dp is selected so as to diminish residual stress in the abrasive layer.
The present invention further relates to a method of manufacturing abrasive tool inserts that possess diminished residual stress.
FIG. 30 is a perspective view of the support of FIG. 29.
The present invention is based on several relationships regarding residual stresses in cutting tool inserts that have eluded the art. Applicants have found a number of features including the slope angle of the diamond/substrate interface, which features not known in the prior art, which greatly affect the overall residual stresses in the cutting tool insert. In one embodiment of the invention, the height ratio between the center diamond table thickness and the periphery thickness can change the overall stress as it interacts with the slope angle. Moreover, the diamond table thickness also has a strong effect on these factors in other embodiments of the invention.
The cutting tool insert, or cutter, may be manufactured, in one embodiment by fabricating a cemented carbide substrate in a generally cylindrical shape. The cemented metal carbide substrate is conventional in composition and, thus, may be include any of the Group IVB, VB, or VIB metals, which are pressed and sintered in the presence of a binder of cobalt, nickel or iron, or alloys thereof. Examples include carbides of tungsten (W), niobium (Nb), zirconium (Zr), vanadium (V), tantalum (Ta), titanium (Ti), tungsten Ti) and hafnium (Hf). In one embodiment, the metal carbide is tungsten carbide. The end face(s) on the carbide substrate are formed by any suitable cutting, grinding, stamping, or etching process.
A sufficient mass of superabrasive material is then placed on the substrate forming the upper abrasive layer. In one embodiment, the upper layer is polycrystalline diamond (PCD). In another embodiment, the upper abrasive layer comprises at least one of synthetic and natural diamond, cubic boron nitride (CBN), wurtzite boron nitride, combinations thereof, and like materials.
In one embodiment, the polycrystalline material layer (or the diamond table layer) and the substrate are subjected to pressures and temperatures sufficient to effect intercrystalline bonding in the polycrystalline material, and create a solid polycrystalline material layer. In another embodiment, chemical vapor deposition may also be used to deposit the polycrystalline material on the substrate. This is accomplished by coating the particles of the individual diamond crystals with various metals such as tungsten, tantalum, niobium, or molybdenum, and the like by chemical vapor techniques using fluidized bed procedure. Chemical vapor deposition techniques are also known in the art which utilize plasma assisted or heated filament methods.
Applicants have conducted three dimensional finite element stress analyses (“FEA”), and found that for a normal diamond-cutting tool, there exist some high tensile stress zones on the diamond table surface and near the interface. Specifically, the tensile axial stress above the interface is a significant factor causing delamination, and the high radial stress on the diamond table surface can lead to center-splitting type failure. Therefore, to reduce the impact related failure and improve the useful working time of PCD cutting tool, the residual stresses should be minimized.
In one embodiment of the invention, maximum axial, radial, and hoop tensile stresses can be greatly reduced by introducing the outwardly slope with proper height ratio between center diamond table thickness and periphery thickness. For a given slope angle, Sa, there is an optimized height ratio range of PCD center thickness to PCD cutting edge (periphery) thickness, Dc:Dp, to achieve minimized diamond table surface stresses. This is illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2.
FIGS. 1 and 2 display the maximum surface axial stress and radial stress dependent on the slope angle and the height ratio from one FEA study. The hoop stress is not shown here because it is much smaller than axial and radial stresses. As seen in FIGS. 1 and 2, the optimum range for minimum axial and radial stresses is very close. In one embodiment for a height ratio of larger than about 0.25, a larger slope angle generally leads to smaller stress. In another embodiment, the optimum slope angle is between about 40° and about 50°, as higher angles tend to cause manufacturing difficulty. For a given slope angle, there exists a range of height ratios corresponding to minimum residual tensile stress.
In another embodiment of the invention, a factor that affects residual stresses in cutting tools is the shoulder width (Sw) fraction of the radius of diamond table diameter (Dd). As illustrated in FIG. 3, the residual stress increases with shoulder width fraction. However, the shoulder can provide the better shaping capability and flexibility for post-sintering finishing. In one embodiment, the shoulder width fraction ranges from between about 0.02 and 0.05.
Besides the optimized embodiment of a planar interface between the substrate and the polycrystalline diamond table, the interface can vary in a number of ways to ensure better bonding strength and manufacturing feasibility. This has been demonstrated in the art listed above. For example, the center interface can be slightly concave or convex, and some non-planar patterns can be combined with the outwardly sloped design. As long as the outwardly slope interface for the cutting tool is optimized based on the precepts of the present invention, the residual stresses can be minimized.
In one embodiment of the invention, the cutting tool inserts are based on cylindrical supports having a diameter that ranges from between about 6 and 30 mm. This also is the nominal diameter, Dd, of the abrasive compact upper surface. In another embodiment, the height of the abrasive particle at its periphery, Dp, ranges from about 3 to about 6 mm in thickness. Using a practical Sw:Dd ratio of about 0.1 to about 0.5, translates into the shoulder, Sw, having a width of from between about 0.003 and about 0.083 mm.
In one embodiment, the slope angle, Sa, ranges from about 40° to 50°. At this slope angle, Dc:Dp ranges from between about 0.1 and 0.8. In a second embodiment, the Dc:Dp ratio ranges from about 0.2 and 0.7. In a third embodiment, the Dc:Dp ratio ranges from between about 0.3 and 0.6. In a fourth embodiment, the Dc:Dp ratio ranges from about 0.4 and 0.5.
In one embodiment of a planar interface model cutting tool insert as illustrated in FIGS. 4-6, wherein a diamond table, 8, has a diameter, Dd; a diamond table periphery thickness, Dp; a diamond table center thickness, Dc; a slope angle, Sa; and a shoulder width, Sw. The illustrated cutting tool insert has a substrate, 10, that has a support face, which includes an inner support table, 12, an outer shoulder, 14, and a downwardly sloping (from support table 12) interface, 16, that forms a slope angle, Sa, between support table 12 and shoulder 14. In this embodiment, support table 12 and shoulder 14 are planar, while interface 16 is linear between support table 12 and shoulder 14. It will be appreciated that the interface between diamond table 8 and support 10 are mirror images. In manufacturing, the interface of diamond table 8 will confirm to the interface of support 10.
In another embodiment as illustrated in FIGS. 7-9, the cutting tool insert has a slightly curved sloping interface, 18. As shown in the figure, the interface is slightly curved both at its junction with the inner support table, 20, and with the shoulder, 22.
In yet another embodiment of the inventive cutter as illustrated in FIGS. 10-12, the inner support table 24 of the cutter is concentrically grooved from the center of support table 24, to the sloping interface, 26. In this embodiment, the concentric grooves are intended to provide better support for and a better bond to the diamond table, 28. As shown, the cross-section of these grooves can be of a configuration other than that illustrated.
In yet a fourth embodiment of the interface of the inventive cutter as shown in FIGS. 13-15, the inner support table 30, has a series of channels that radiate from its center to the sloping interface 32. The number of such channels can be lesser or greater than the number shown. Additionally, the depth and height of each channel can vary from channel to channel. In another embodiment that is not shown, the cross-section of these channels need not be rectangular, but can consist of other geometries as well. In this embodiment, the channels in the support substrate 34 serve to provide a better bond for the diamond table 36 that it supports and to which it is bonded. The sloping interface and shoulder can be in any configuration illustrated herein.
In a fifth embodiment as illustrated in FIGS. 16-18, the cutting tool insert as in previous embodiments, is like the insert of FIG. 4, except that the inner support table 38 of the substrate 40, and the diamond table 42, contain a series of substantially parallel channels across its face. The number of such channels can be lesser or greater than the number shown. The depth and height of each channel can also vary from channel to channel. The cross-section of these channels need not be rectangular, but can consist of other geometries as well. The sloping interface and shoulder can be in any configuration illustrated herein.
In a sixth embodiment as illustrated in FIGS. 19-21, the inner support table 44 of the substrate 46 and the diamond table 48, contain a matrix of substantially parallel intersecting channels (a waffle-like pattern) across its face. The number of such channels can be lesser or greater than the number shown, as can the depth and height of each channel, which can vary from channel to channel. It should be noted that the cross-section of these channels need not be rectangular, but can consist of other geometries as well. The sloping interface and shoulder can be in any configuration illustrated herein.
In a seventh embodiment as shown in FIGS. 22-24, the inner support table 50 of the substrate 52 is domed and contains a series of radiating channels from its center to the sloping interface 56 with the diamond table 54. The number of such channels can be lesser or greater than the number shown, as can the depth and height of each channel, which can vary from channel to channel. In one variation, the cross-section of these channels is not rounded, but can consist of other geometries. Furthermore, the shape of the dome also can vary. The sloping interface and shoulder can be in any configuration illustrated herein.
In an eight embodiment of the inventive cutter as shown in FIGS. 25-27, which is like the insert of FIG. 4, except that the inner support table 58 of the substrate 60 contains a series of raised rectangular ridges that radiate from its center to the sloping interface 64 with the diamond table 62. The number of such ridges can be lesser or greater than the number shown, as can the width and height of each ridge, which can vary from ridge to ridge. The cross-section of these ridges need not be rectangular, but can consist of other geometries as well. The sloping interface and shoulder can be in any configuration illustrated herein.
In the ninth embodiment of the cutting tool insert as shown in FIGS. 28-30, the sloping interface 72 between the inner support table 68 and the diamond table 70 is linear (as in FIG. 4), except that it has a series of radiating raised ridges that extend from support table 66 to the shoulder, 74. The number of such ridges can be lesser or greater than the number shown, as can the width and height of each ridges, which can vary from ridge to ridge. In fact, the cross-section of these ridges need not be rectangular, but can consist of other geometries as well.
In one embodiment of the invention, the inventive cutter demonstrates an increased useful life with the reduced residual stresses (axial, radial, and hoop tensile) in the abrasive layer at locations where spalling and delamination typically occur. In another embodiment, reduced residual stresses is obtained for virtually any size tool insert. In yet another embodiment with optimized diamond-substrate interface, the residual tensile stress in cutting tool inserts is significantly reduced with the axial tensile stress decreased by about 90%, the radial tensile stress decreased by about 60%, and the hoop stress becoming completely compressive. This new residual stress pattern greatly increases the impact resistance and useful working life of diamond cutting tool. These and other advantages will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art.
Applicants have performed finite element analysis (FEA) of the inventive cutter versus the prior art polycrystalline diamond cutters (having a flat interface). The cutters are manufactured by conventional high pressure/high temperature (HP/HT) techniques well known in the art. Such techniques are disclosed, inter alia, in the art cited above. The prior art cutter has a flat interface, 19 mm diameter, 16 mm overall height, 3 mm diamond table thickness. The cutter of the invention has an optimized interface of slope angle of 45°,a height ratio of 0.6,and a shoulder width ratio=0.025.FEA results are shown in Table 1.
The foregoing results can be extended to additional table diameters, diamond table heights, slope angles, and shoulder widths. Table 2 display correlations of shoulder angle (Sa) and diamond table height ratio Dc:Dp as predicted by FEA models. The ratios displayed are approximate.
The correlation between shoulder angle (Sa) and shoulder width ratio (Sw:Dd), is displayed in Table 3,below, in which the ratios are approximate.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Cutting elements according to one or more of the disclosed embodiments may be employed in combination with cutting elements of the same or other disclosed embodiments, or with conventional cutting elements, in paired or other grouping, including but not limited to, side-by-side and leading/trailing combinations of various configurations.
All citations referred herein are expressly incorporated herein by reference.
for each Sa and Sw:Dd,Dc:Dp is selected so as to diminish residual stress in the abrasive layer.
2. The abrasive tool insert of claim 1, wherein said substrate comprises cemented metal carbide.
3. The abrasive tool insert of claim 2, wherein said cemented metal carbide is selected from the group consisting essentially of Group IVB, Group VB, and Group VIB metal carbides.
4. The abrasive tool insert of claim 1, wherein said abrasive layer is selected from the group consisting essentially of diamond, cubic boron nitride, wurtzite boron nitride, and combinations thereof.
5. The abrasive tool insert of claim 3, wherein said abrasive layer is selected from the group consisting essentially of diamond, cubic boron nitride, wurtzite boron nitride, and combinations thereof.
for Sa ranging between about 55° and 65°, Dc:Dp ranging from between about 0.3 and 0.4.
7. The abrasive tool insert of claim 6, wherein for Sa ranging between about 20° and 65°, Dc:Dp ranges from between about 0.1 and 0.8 and Sw:Dd ranges from about 0.01 to about 0.5.
8. The abrasive tool insert of claim 6, wherein Sw:Dd ranges from about 0.01 to about 0.4.
9. The abrasive tool insert of claim 6, wherein Sw:Dd ranges from about 0.01 to about 0.3.
10. The abrasive tool insert of claim 6, wherein Sw:Dd ranges from about 0.01 to about 0.2.
11. The abrasive tool insert of claim 6, wherein Sw:Dd ranges from about 0.01 to about 0.1.
12. The abrasive tool insert of claim 1, wherein said sloping interface is curved.
for each Sa and Sw:Dd, De:Dp is selected so as to diminish residual stress in the abrasive layer.
14. The abrasive tool insert of claim 13, wherein Sw ranges from about 0.003 to about 0.083 mm.
15. The abrasive tool insert of claim 14, wherein said substrate comprises cemented metal carbide.
16. The abrasive tool insert of claim 15, wherein said cemented metal carbide is selected from the group consisting essentially of Group IVB, Group VB, and Group VIB metal carbides.
17. The abrasive tool insert of claim 13, wherein said abrasive layer is selected from the group consisting essentially of diamond, cubic boron nitride, wurtzite boron nitride, and combinations thereof.
18. The abrasive tool insert of claim 13, wherein Sa ranges from about 40° to about 50° and said Dc:Dp ranges from about 0.1 to about 0.8.
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2019-04-23T04:28:20Z
|
https://patents.google.com/patent/US6933049B2/en
|
Arts
|
Arts
| 0.321203 |
dailycamera
|
Lauren Richardson, a staff member of Growing Gardens, digs up some parsnip plants during the 2014 harvest. Parsnips are perfect for soups, stews, baked dishes or mashing.
When it comes to workplace rivalries and interpersonal competition, gardening skill isn’t usually what managers look to control. They’re busy intervening in personality conflicts or differences in style rather than mediating disputes on who has a better carrot crop. But when gardeners are enclosed in an office, subtle envy can arise, especially when the success of vegetables comes into play.
It began quietly enough last summer, when we noticed our co-worker, Amy, noshing a seemingly endless supply of snow peas. This went on all summer, well past the time when ours had given up for the year. Crunching those sweet pods, she cheerfully complained that her snow peas just wouldn’t quit, and she had to keep eating them just to keep up. We gardeners among the staff developed a narrow-eyed, pinched look to our expressions.
This year, her tomatoes thrived while ours sputtered, and her peppers had staff nearly apoplectic with disbelief, since our crops suffered stunting and disease. But it was when she brought in the turnips that our boss realized he’d need Human Resources on speed dial just to get through the growing season.
Root crops can be hit or miss for many gardeners in Colorado due to heavy clay soils, water stress and heat. But Amy overcame all that with liberal amendments of composted manure, drip irrigation and a bit of tender loving care.
If you’re interested in expanding your food crops but haven’t ventured past carrots, taste a few root crops this fall to help you plan for planting next spring. Lighter, loose soils will produce straighter root vegetables. Sandy soils are ideal, though the vegetables can grow in clay soils after some preparation. Make notes to improve your soil so it supports the growth of root vegetables; if you don’t have a source for compost, winter is a great time to ask around for a supplier.
Direct sowing is the best way to get a good crop, since most root vegetables don’t transplant well. One exception is parsnips, which, due to their slow germination and long growing season, need to be started indoors in February. Pop the seeds into small Jiffy pellets and handle them carefully when transplanting so you don’t disturb the roots.
The beauty of root crops in fall is that they demand very little from the gardener: just a thick blanket of straw mulch — about 12 inches deep — applied after the soil cools down keeps these vegetables available for harvesting well into December. Although they can be left in the soil all winter, they should be removed before the spring temperatures warm up. Most are also frost hardy and will grow if an early fall frost is followed by warm weather.
Soft flavored turnips are ball-shaped, often purple topped with a white bottom root. They’re an ideal supporting cast for the stronger roots like carrots or beets.
Parsnips are long, white roots resembling carrots and are perfect for soups, stews, baked dishes or mashing. Don’t let the carrot-y appearance fool you, though, the flavor is more earthy and cinnamon-like. For old fashioned comfort food, thinly slice parsnips and bake with cream, nutmeg or thyme.
Rutabagas, like turnips, are mild flavored enough to support other, stronger-flavored vegetables when cooked with them. Unlike turnips, they impart an earthy underlay to the dishes. They can be harvested at any size, so enjoy them in late summer or fall.
Celeriac (celery root) tastes of celery and parsley once you peel past the off-putting, warty exterior. Often overlooked as an elegant accompaniment to meals, it lends itself well to boiling, mashing or French frying.
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2019-04-26T14:10:21Z
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https://www.dailycamera.com/2017/11/15/omeara-root-vegetables-add-flavor-to-fall/
|
Arts
|
Business
| 0.716053 |
google
|
The claimed subject matter relates to an architecture that can facilitate rich interaction with and/or management of environmental components included in an environment. The architecture can exist in whole or in part in a housing that can resemble a wand or similar object. The architecture can utilize one or more sensor from a collection of sensors to determine an orientation or gesture in connection with the wand, and can further issue an instruction to update a state of an environmental component based upon the orientation. In addition, the architecture can include an advisor component to provide contextual and/or comprehensive guidance in an intuitive manner.
This application is a continuation of and claims priority to U.S. application Ser. No. 11/939,739, filed on Nov. 14, 2007, entitled “Magic Wand”, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference.
There has long been an imaginative current flowing in popular culture relating to magic, which has recently culminated in the Harry Potter phenomenon. Given the widespread commercial success of Harry Potter books and feature films, as well the many predecessors in the fantasy genre such as The Lord of the Rings, Dungeons and Dragons, etc., it is readily apparent that a number of communities or demographic segments are enamored with the idea of magic. Discounting the aforementioned communities, even the most pragmatic individual would have trouble arguing against the merits or utility of, say, a magic wand that actually worked to control or communicate with objects or components in an associated nearby environment.
Conventionally, a number of devices exist that are intended to operate or control objects in the environment, even some that are specifically intended to leverage, simulate, or promote the appearance of magic. However, systems or devices in this technological area as well as even much broader market segments aimed at, say, consumer devices in general often suffer from a variety of difficulties that stem from two market-driving factors that are distinct and sometimes at odds with one another. In particular, consumers want devices that have a very rich feature set. On the other hand, consumers also want devices that are small, convenient (e.g., to carry), and easy to use.
Miniaturization of electronic devices has reached the point where significant computing power can be delivered in devices smaller than a matchbook. Hence, miniaturization is no longer the primary technological bottleneck for meeting the demands of consumers. Rather, the challenges are increasingly leaning toward the user interface of such devices. For example, technology exists for building a full-featured cellular phone (or other device) that is no larger than a given user's thumb, yet packing a keypad and display in such a device is all but impossible. Even devices that are not so small, but desire to provide multifunctional features can suffer from a related difficulty. In particular, packing a lot of features into a single device generally increases the complexity of use.
To avoid such difficulties, conventional devices that are intended to operate or control numerous environmental components simplify the user-interface, which reduces the feature set; or have highly complex operational requirements that make the device very difficult to use.
The subject matter disclosed and claimed herein, in one aspect thereof, comprises an architecture that can facilitate rich interaction with and/or management of environmental components included in an environment. At least a portion of the architecture can be included in a housing that can be referred to as (and can but need not resemble) a wand. The architecture can include a variety of I/O components such as keys/keypad, navigation buttons, lights, switches, displays, speakers, microphones, transmitters/receives, or substantially any other suitable component found in or related to conventional user-interfaces.
The architecture can also include or be operatively coupled to a set of sensors such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, cameras, range-finders, biometric sensors and so on. One or more sensor can be utilized to determine an orientation of the wand, wherein the orientation can relate to or include the position of the wand, the direction of focus of the wand (or a targeted environmental component) as well as a gesture or recent trajectory of the wand. Based upon the orientation of the wand, the architecture can determine a suitable instruction, which can be transmitted to the targeted environmental component and result in a change in the state of the targeted environmental component.
In addition, to, e.g., provide very rich features without necessarily scaling up the size or complexity of the user interface in proportion, the architecture can provide an advisor component that can be configured to provide guidance in connection with the orientation or other suitable aspects. The advisor component can present the guidance to a user of the wand in the form of an avatar, that can be updatable, configurable, and/or selectable and can in some cases control or relate to the set of available features.
FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a system that can facilitate rich interaction with and/or management of environmental components included in an environment.
FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of various examples of components from set 108.
FIG. 3 depicts a block diagram of a variety of example environmental components 120.
FIG. 4 illustrates a block diagram of several examples of sensor 124.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of various examples in connection with guidance 134.
FIG. 6 depicts a block diagram of a system that can facilitate 3-D modeling of an environment and/or utilize holographic displays in order to provide rich interaction with components in an environment.
FIG. 7 depicts a block diagram of a system that can aid with various inferences.
FIG. 8 is an exemplary flow chart of procedures that define a method for facilitating robust interactions with and/or management of environmental components.
FIG. 9 illustrates an exemplary flow chart of procedures that define a method for providing additional features in connection with the orientation, instruction, or guidance.
FIG. 10 depicts an exemplary flow chart of procedures defining a method for modeling the environment and/or providing holographic presentation for facilitating richer interactions.
Moreover, the word “exemplary” is used herein to mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. Any aspect or design described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects or designs. Rather, use of the word exemplary is intended to present concepts in a concrete fashion. As used in this application, the term “or” is intended to mean an inclusive “or” rather than an exclusive “or”. That is, unless specified otherwise, or clear from context, “X employs A or B” is intended to mean any of the natural inclusive permutations. That is, if X employs A; X employs B; or X employs both A and B, then “X employs A or B” is satisfied under any of the foregoing instances. In addition, the articles “a” and “an” as used in this application and the appended claims should generally be construed to mean “one or more” unless specified otherwise or clear from context to be directed to a singular form.
Referring now to the drawing, with reference initially to FIG. 1, system 100 that can facilitate rich interaction with and/or management of environmental components included in an environment is depicted. Generally, system 100 can include housing 102, which can be comprised of substantially any suitable material and can be substantially any suitable shape or design. Housing 102 can be shaped to resemble a wand, a remote control, a fob, etc. and is generally intended to be a handheld object. Housing 102 can include any suitable ergonomic or aesthetic feature as well as face 104 that can represent a designated side or salient feature of housing 102 that can be indicative of pointing to or targeting objects. In accordance therewith, housing 102 can include a pointing aid or reference such as a laser or LED pointing mechanism. It is to be appreciated that all or portions of components described herein can be included internally or mounted upon housing 102. However, such need not be the case in all situations as in certain cases some components can be and, in fact, might be required to be disparate from housing 102.
System 100 can also include communication component 106 that can manage set 108 of I/O components, which can include input component 110, output component 112 as well as substantially any number of individual I/O component(s) 114. It should be noted that input component 110 and output component 112 are distinguished from other I/O components 114 merely as a matter of form to provide more explicit references to these individual components. Set 108 of I/O components will typically reside within or upon housing 102, however, in some cases will be remote from housing 102. A variety of example components from set 108 of I/O components are provided in connection with FIG. 2, which can be referenced briefly along side FIG. 1 to provide concrete examples, but not necessarily to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.
Turning now to FIG. 2, various examples of components from set 108 are expressly illustrated. As a first example, denoted by reference numeral 202, set 108 of I/O components can include a key, a button, a switch, a keypad, a keyboard or the like. Such component(s) 202 are usually included with or features of housing 102 and will typically be input component(s) 110, but can in some cases be or have aspects associated with output component 112 such as in the case where, e.g., key 202 has an associated light or LED to, e.g., indicate when key 202 is depressed. Another example from set 108 can be display 204. Display 204 can be substantially any suitable form factor and can provide one or both textual or graphical output. Display 204 can also be included with housing 102 and will often be an output device 112, but can have features of input device 110 such as in the case of a display that is responsive to touch or optical input (e.g., from a lightpen).
Other example components of set 108 can include speaker 206 that can provide audio outputs or microphone 208 that can receive audio inputs. Speaker 206 and microphone 208 can be included in housing 102, but can in some cases be remote from housing 102 such as part of a headset or other wearable device (not shown), potentially worn by a possessor of housing 102. In addition, set 108 can also include receiver 210 or transmitter 212 that can be, respectively, configured to receive or to transmit data or signals in one or more suitable protocols or formats, including but not limited to Near Field Communication (NFC), WiFi (IEEE 802.11x specifications), Bluetooth (IEEE 802.15.x specifications), Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), infrared, Universal Serial Bus (USB), FireWire (IEEE 1394 specification), etc.
Resuming the discussion of FIG. 1, the communication component 106 can be configured to receive input 116 by way of input component 110 (e.g., key 202, microphone 208, receiver 210) and to transmit instruction 118 by way of output component 112 (e.g., transmitter 212). Instruction 118 can be configured to update a state of one or more environmental component(s) 120 1-120 M, wherein the one or more environmental component(s) 120 1-120 M can be configured to receive instruction 118 and to update the state in accordance with instruction 118. It should be understood that environmental component(s) 120 1-120 M can include substantially any number, M, of suitable components and/or devices in an environment, wherein the environment can be defined as an area, room, or space. In certain cases, the environment can be limited to an area within a certain range of housing 102, wherein the range can be predetermined, predefined, ad hoc, and/or based upon a particular wireless protocol, standard, or format. Additionally or alternatively, the environment or range can be based upon bounds of a geometric model or a locale or a range of other components/devices described herein (see e.g., FIG. 6). It should be appreciated that environment components 120 1-120 M can be referred to collectively or individually by environment component(s) 120, even though each environment component 120 can have unique or distinguishing features that differentiate from other environmental components 120. Numerous examples of suitable environmental components 120 can be found with reference to FIG. 3.
While still referring to FIG. 1, but referring as well to FIG. 3, a variety of example environmental components 120 are illustrated in order to provide concrete examples, but not necessarily to limit the scope of the appended claims. In accordance therewith, examples of environmental component 120 can include lights 302, wherein instruction 118 can be a command to turn lights 302 on/off, dim/brighten lights 302, change the color/frequency of lights 302, change a timer setting, and so forth. Another example, environmental component 120 can be thermostat 304. Instruction 118 directed to thermostat 304 can be, e.g., a command to raise/lower a temperature or other setting or preference, a command to switch on a fan/heater/heat pump/air conditioner, etc.
Additionally, game console 306 or computer 308 can be examples of environmental components 120, as can components of or associated in some fashion with game console 306 or computer 308 such as computer-based controllers (e.g., controller 310) or a user-interface (e.g., interface 310). In one aspect, housing 102 (or associated components) can simulate, supplement, and/or supplant an existing game controller for game console 306. Likewise, housing 102 can provide additional inputs to computer 308 such as operating a mouse input or cursor. It is to be appreciated that in some cases, the foregoing might require special components to be present on console 306 or computer 308 such as, e.g., controller/interface 310. However in other situations, such need not necessarily be the case, which is described in additional detail infra.
In addition, example environmental component 120 can include aspects of systems (e.g., system 100) described herein (e.g., housing 102 and associated components or “wand”) as well as similar devices as indicated by reference numeral 312. For example, it is noteworthy to mention that device 312 exists in the environment (and often is a basis for defining the environment), and such can be considered for many purposes of this disclosure to be one of environmental components 120. Moreover, instruction 118 can facilitate opening a communication session with other similar devices 312. Hence, the wand can communicate in a manner similar to a cellular phone or walkie-talkie with other wands. In addition a variety of other types of information can be exchanged between two wands such as, e.g., messages, media, codes, or substantially any other suitable content/data.
Continuing the discussion of FIG. 1, system 100 can further include presence component 122 that can employ set 124 of sensors 124 1-124 N (referred to herein either collectively or individually as sensor(s) 124, while appreciating that each sensor 124 can have traits that materially distinguish from other sensors 124). In particular, one or more sensor(s) 124 can be employed to, inter alia, determine orientation 126 of housing 102. However, it should be appreciated that set 124 can include one or more sensor(s) 124 that do not relate to orientation 126, but relate instead to, e.g., acquisition or determination of other suitable data. It should be understood that presence component 122 or another component described herein can also employ all or potions of sensors 124, even those that do not directly relate to orientation 126. Examples of both types of sensor 124 can be found with reference to FIG. 4, which can be referenced in tandem with FIG. 1.
Referring briefly now to FIG. 4, several illustrative, but not necessarily limiting, examples of sensor 124 are depicted. Initially, it should be appreciated that, as with set 108 of I/O components, all or a subset of sensors 124 described herein can be onboard with respect to housing 102, and in some cases such might be required. In certain situations, however, there exists the potential that one or more sensor(s) 124 might be, or might be required to be, remote from housing 102 as well.
One example sensor 124 can be accelerometer 402. Accelerometer 402 is usually included in housing 102 and can be employed to determine motion, acceleration, and/or specific external force with respect to housing 102, which can be a factor in determining orientation 126. Similarly, housing 102 can include gyroscope 404 as another example sensor 124 for use in connection with orientation 126. Gyroscope 404 can be utilized to determine a change in angle or an angular rate of change of housing 102.
An example sensor 124 related to orientation 126 that can be included in, as well as remote from, housing 102 can be camera 406 (or other optical device such as a laser-based, LED-based, or certain optical range finders etc.). While camera 406 can exist in housing 102 and can be employed to aid in determination of orientation 126 (e.g., imaging objects and employing object recognition techniques to ascertain relative position/orientation), one or more cameras 406 can also be remote from housing 102 and employed to, e.g., image and/or identify housing 102 and determine a position (or aspects of orientation 126) of housing 102 relative to other components described herein as further detailed in connection with FIG. 6.
One example sensor 124 largely unrelated to orientation 126 but that can be included in housing 102 is biometric sensor 408. Biometric sensor 408 can obtain a biometric from a possessor of housing 102 in order to, inter alia, determine an identity of the possessor as well as certain emotional states of the possessor such as a level of excitement, anxiety, and so forth. While biometric data comes in many varieties, as housing 102 is typically a handheld object, the biometric obtained by sensor 408 will generally pertain to hand-based biometrics such as, e.g., fingerprints, grip configurations, hand geometry, or the like. However, it should be appreciated that as housing 102 can have associated components such as wearable devices (e.g., headsets, ear/eye pieces . . . ) other types of biometrics such as facial-based biometrics (e.g., thermograms, retinas, iris, earlobes, forehead) or behavioral biometrics (e.g., signature, voice, gait, gestures) can be obtain, potentially by biometric sensor 408 that is remote from housing 102. Further, aspects relating to data obtained by biometric sensor 408 are described infra.
In addition, for the sake of form and consistency, it should be appreciated that set 124 can also include receiver 410 or transmitter 412 that can facilitate propagation of data or information described herein. For example, sensors (e.g., 406, 408) that are remote from housing 102 might communicate with housing 102 by way of sensors 410, 412. Additionally or alternatively, it should be appreciated that sensors 410, 412 can be identical to, include, or be components of example I/O components 210, 212 described in connection with FIG. 2 supra.
Continuing the description of FIG. 1, recall presence component 122 can employ one or more sensors 124 to determine orientation 126 of housing 102. In more detail, orientation 126 can relate to 3-D space and can be one or more of a position of housing 102; a focus, direction, or target 128 of face 104; or a gesture, wherein the gesture can be a recent trajectory of housing 102. As an introduction to other discussion infra, target 128 (e.g., an object or component pointed to by a particular surface of face 104) will in many circumstances be one or more environmental component(s) 120. Furthermore, it should be appreciated that as gestures can be applicable to orientation 126, presence component 122 can maintain a history of or other state information relating to orientation 126, wherein the history or other state information can be saved to a data store (not shown) for later access or recall.
In addition, system 100 can include command component 130 that can determine instruction 118 based at least in part upon orientation 126. In accordance with an aspect of the claimed subject matter command component 130 can further employ input 116 in order to determine instruction 118. In more detail and/or to provide additional context, consider the following scenario.
Housing 102 is pointed at (e.g., a designated feature or surface of face 104 is directed at) a lamp (e.g., lights 302). Accordingly, the lamp can be selected as target 128 of housing 102 and/or face 104, which can be determined by presence component 122 based upon orientation 126. Selection of target 128 can be automatic based solely upon the focus of face 104; based upon a time interval such as focusing on the lamp for, say, 2 seconds selects the lamp as target 128; or based upon input 116 such as focusing on the lamp and pressing a particular button 202. Given the foregoing, the lamp can now be actively managed or controlled by way of instruction 118, which can be determined by command component 130 based at least upon orientation 126 and transmitted by communication component 106.
For example, the lamp can be switched on/off by, e.g., pressing a particular button 202. As another example, the lamp can be dimmed or brightened based upon a change in orientation 126 such as lowering or raising face 104. Similarly, lamp 126 can change colors (or traverse a frequency spectrum) by rotating housing 102 axially and/or by a possessor twisting housing 102 one direction or the other.
Appreciably, as instruction 118 can apply to a wide variety of devices, potentially including any environmental component 120 (which can include housing 102 or components thereof), the available set of potential instructions 118 can be virtually limitless in size. Accordingly, a set of potential orientations 126 and/or inputs 116 necessary to prompt each potential instruction 118 can be likewise virtually limitless, which, in conventional multifunctional or multimodal devices, can lead to several common difficulties, including, (1) complexity of use is generally proportional to the available features (e.g., the more features provided, the more difficult use becomes); and (2) available features are generally rigidly constrained by the form factor of a user-interface (e.g., small display or few input mechanisms equate to fewer features).
One potentially unforeseen benefit of the claimed subject matter can be mitigation of one or both of the aforementioned difficulties. In accordance therewith and to other related ends, system 100 can also include advisor component 132 that can provide guidance 134 in connection with orientation 118. Furthermore advisor component 132 can also provide guidance 134 with respect to input 116. Hence, guidance 134 provided by advisor component 132 can range from how to move housing 102 to create a desired result to which buttons or keys 202 and/or when these should be pressed, etc. (e.g., input 116) in order to create the desired result, as well as numerous other items, many of which are characterized in FIG. 5, which will be reference shortly before returning to discussion of FIG. 1.
However, before turning to FIG. 5, it should be appreciated that in order to provide guidance 134, advisor component can facilitate (e.g., by way of communication component 106 and/or one or more components from set 108 of I/O components) articulation or display of guidance 134. Articulation of guidance 134 can be verbal and provided by way of speaker 206, potentially mitigating the need for a large form factor display. Articulation or display of guidance 134 can also be text-based provided by way of display 204. In addition, articulation or display of guidance 134 can be visual and also provided by way of display 204 or by way of interface 310 associated with one or more environmental components 120.
According to one aspect of the claimed subject matter, advisor component 132 can provide guidance 134 by way of avatar 136. Avatar 136 can include a distinct persona that can influence one or more of appearance of avatar 136, character of avatar 136, personality of avatar 136, behavior of avatar 136, speech-related aspects of avatar 136 such as inflection, accent, brogue, choice of dialogue, and so on. In addition, avatar 136 can affect what features are available to a possessor of housing 102.
For example, it is readily apparent that the claimed subject matter can be potentially beneficial in many ways. In one case, the claimed subject matter can appeal to the imagination of a child by leveraging qualities of a magical device, while in another case, the claimed subject matter can appeal to the sensibilities of an elderly person, the disabled, or infirm due to the many potential conveniences provided. Of course, other appealing characteristics exist, but the two cited examples: two potential possessors of housing 102, one young and one elderly serve as natural examples to illustrate additional features of the claimed subject matter.
As one illustration, the child might select the professor or wizard avatar 136, whereas the elderly person, say, the child's grandmother, might select avatar 136 that is reminiscent of Jimmy Stewart but switch to John Wayne for applications when a no-nonsense style is desired. Moreover, given that housing 102 can include or be operatively coupled to biometric sensor 408, the possessor, grandmother, child, or another party, can be determined automatically (e.g., by presence component 122) upon contact with housing 102 (or another component) in a manner suitable to obtain appropriate biometric information. Thus, the appropriate avatar 136 (as well as other suitable settings or preferences) can be selected and/or activated automatically upon identification of the possessor, and potentially changed based upon the possessor's emotional state, which can also be obtained by way of biometric sensor 408.
It should be understood that advisor component 132 can be updateable, configurable, and/or selectable, and such modifications can be automatic or periodic as well as manually performed. Such modifications can be accomplished by way of, e.g., connecting to a remote data store potentially by way of the Internet or another network or wide area network (WAN), which can be facilitated by components 210, 212. Moreover, according to an aspect of the claimed subject matter, at least one of avatar 136 or the available features are selectable based upon attachable module 138 that can be interfaced with housing 102 by way of one or more port(s) 140. For completeness it can be noted that port(s) 140 can be operatively coupled to or components of receiver/transmitter 210, 212 to facilitate wired-based communication.
As indicated supra, guidance 134 can be articulated or displayed and, further, that such can be provided by avatar 136, which can be presentable by way of an audio output, a text-based output, a video output or display, holographic (detailed infra) output or display as well as any suitable combination thereof. Additional aspects in connection with avatar 136 and attachable module 138 can be found with reference to FIG. 5 and the associated text below. Further aspects relating to holographic features are covered in FIG. 6.
Referring now to FIG. 5, various examples in connection with guidance 134 are provided in order to introduce additional context but not necessarily to limit the scope of the appended claims to only the provided examples. In particular, guidance 134 can relate to target 128 as well as a suitable orientation 126 to achieve target 128 as denoted by reference numeral 502. Additionally, guidance 134 can relate to instruction 118 or a suitable orientation 126 to facilitate a desired instruction 118 as indicated by reference numeral 504.
Moreover, guidance 134 can come in the form of audio 506 such as verbal guidance 134 or be text-based or visual-based as indicated by reference numeral 508. Furthermore, all or portions of guidance 134 can be presented by avatar 136 and accessibility to certain features or to certain avatars 136 can depend upon coupling attachable module 138 to housing 102. In more detail, consider the following.
A possessor of housing 102 aims face 104 at a lamp. Audio guidance 506 can be constructed by advisor component 132 and presented by avatar 136 in the specific avatar's own style or context. For example, “Your focus is the lamp. Press the red button to target this object.” Or, similarly, “Please speak your target,” to which a possessor of housing 102 can indicate “the lamp,” which can be input 116 provided by microphone 208, followed by audio guidance 506, “Your target is the lamp. Press the red button to switch the lamp on.” Likewise, audio guidance 506 can continue in the following manner. “Move the tip of the wand [e.g., face 104 of housing 102] up or down as you would a fishing pole to brighten or dim the lamp.” Or, “twist the wand in one direction as though you are tightening or loosening a screw to change the color of the lamp.” Appreciably, guidance 134 can be descriptive and based somewhat upon the character of possessor (e.g., “as though you are tightening or loosening a screw” vs. “rotate housing axially”).
Likewise, text or visual guidance 508 can be presented by avatar 136 and can be displayed by display 204, interface 310, and/or can be holographic, which is further detailed in connection with FIG. 6. Additionally, a type of guidance 136 provided as well as features or instructions 118 available can depend upon attachable module 138. For example, management or interaction with lights 302 may require a first module 138 to be coupled to housing 102, while management or interaction with game console 306 might require a second module 138. As another example, a certain combination of modules 138 can yield access to a particular avatar 136. The modules can be solely utility-driven, or in some cases be aesthetic and/or thematic as well, such as fashioned to resemble bold geometric shapes or shapes that allude to magic characteristics, or shapes indicative of the environmental component(s) 120 that can be managed or interacted with that particular module 138. Appreciably, module(s) 138 can be utilized for permission-based access to certain features or avatars 136, as can biometric sensor 408.
As introduced supra, holograph 604 can be associated with guidance 134. Accordingly, holograph 604 can be a representation of avatar 136 or, e.g., a data display associated with instruction 118. It should be appreciated that by utilizing holograph 604 to facilitate guidance 134, a large form factor display can be unnecessary to provide a wealth of information, potentially mitigating certain difficulties associated with conventional devices or systems. To provide additional context, consider for a moment the ensuing examples.
Possessor executes orientation 126 sufficient to target thermostat 304. Possessor desires to modify a setting of thermostat 304 from 68 degrees to 72 degrees. While this can be accomplished in a manner similar to that described supra in connection with changing the brightness/intensity of light 302, e.g., by raising or lowering face 104 to update a setting, potentially accompanied by an explanation (e.g., guidance 134), which can be audio, visual, or text-based, and can be presented by way of avatar 136, other features can exist as well. For example, upon targeting thermostat 304, holographic display component 602 can produce a holographic interface or data display that, e.g., hovers nearby thermostat 304. The display can indicate in potentially large numerals that the current setting is for 68 degrees, and, possibly as possessor tilts housing 102 upward, the display can update, cycling through 69, 70, and so on to 72 degrees, where possessor is satisfied. Such can be useful given that unlike the example provided in connection with the lamp, which has visual indicia (e.g., the readily apparent brightness) to provide feedback to possessor, thermostat 304 may not otherwise have such visual indicia, and thus, it may be difficult for possessor to know how far to tilt housing to reach the desired setting. Utilizing holograph 604 can mitigate such a difficulty, as well as provide numerous other features and/or allow instruction(s) 118 (or associated orientation(s) 126) to be more intuitive.
Appreciable, the holographic data display/interface can be interface 310. While described supra, it is perhaps more understandable to note here that interface 310 can be associated with one or more environmental components 120, but need not necessarily be provided by or even managed or controlled by such component 120. It should be understood that a similar holographic data display/interface can be presented in connection with substantially any environmental component 120, and is not necessarily limited to merely thermostat 304. Moreover, holograph 604 can be presented by way of, e.g., an eyepiece associated with housing 102 worn by possessor. Additionally, it should be underscored that holograph 604 can also be a representation of avatar 136 illustrating visual depictions of guidance 134.
In addition to the foregoing, system 600 can further include modeling component 606 that can also be coupled to communication component 106. Modeling component 606 can construct 3-D geometric model 608 of the environment, which can, e.g., aid or in some cases facilitate many of the features or aspects described herein such as, e.g., determining aspects of orientation 126, target 128, environment components 120, and so forth.
In accordance with an aspect of the claimed subject matter, modeling component 606 can employ at least two cameras 406 from set 124 of sensors in order to determine a 3-D position 610 of housing 102. Position 610 can relate to a position in model 608, and position 610 of housing 102 can be an element of orientation 126 with other elements provided by, e.g., accelerometer 402, gyroscope 404, and so on. 3-D model 608 can include all or portions of suitable environmental component 120, and can be in some cases constructed on the fly based upon a corporeal location of housing 102. For example, modeling component 606 can broadcast a request and await acknowledgments from suitable environmental components 120 to construct the members of 3-D model 308. Subsequent data (or accompanying the acknowledgment), that includes location data or data that can be utilized to determine location can be employed to populated 3-D model 608 with the members at the proper locations.
With reference now to FIG. 7, system 700 that can aid with various determinations or inferences is depicted. Typically, system 700 can include presence component 122, command component 130, and advisor component 132, which in addition to or in connection with what has been described supra, can also make various inferences or intelligent determinations. For example, presence component 122 can intelligently determine target 128, as in some cases target 128 may not be precisely and/or accurately indicated. Furthermore, presence component 122 can also intelligently determine or establish levels of confidence in connection with a gesture or other aspects of orientation 126. In many cases, a particular orientation 126 will be defined to produce a particular instruction 118, however, in other cases, instruction 118 can be inferred based upon similarities to gestures for other target 128 components. For example, a gesture that dims lights 302 might not be expressly coded to work with other devices, yet the same gesture with, say, thermostat 304 targeted might function in a similar manner based upon intelligent inferences by command component 130. In addition, advisor component 132 can intelligently determine identity or emotional states based upon all relevant data sets include that provided by biometric sensor 408.
In addition, system 700 can also include intelligence component 702 that can provide for or aid in various inferences or determinations. It is to be appreciated that intelligence component 702 can be operatively coupled to all or some of the aforementioned components. Additionally or alternatively, all or portions of intelligence component 702 can be included in one or more of the components 122, 130, 132. Moreover, intelligence component 702 will typically have access to all or portions of data sets described herein, such as data store 704, and can furthermore utilize previously determined or inferred data.
Accordingly, in order to provide for or aid in the numerous inferences described herein, intelligence component 702 can examine the entirety or a subset of the data available and can provide for reasoning about or infer states of the system, environment, and/or user from a set of observations as captured via events and/or data. Inference can be employed to identify a specific context or action, or can generate a probability distribution over states, for example. The inference can be probabilistic—that is, the computation of a probability distribution over states of interest based on a consideration of data and events. Inference can also refer to techniques employed for composing higher-level events from a set of events and/or data.
A classifier can be a function that maps an input attribute vector, x=(x1, x2, x3, x4, xn), to a confidence that the input belongs to a class, that is, f(x)=confidence(class). Such classification can employ a probabilistic and/or statistical-based analysis (e.g., factoring into the analysis utilities and costs) to prognose or infer an action that a user desires to be automatically performed. A support vector machine (SVM) is an example of a classifier that can be employed. The SVM operates by finding a hypersurface in the space of possible inputs, where the hypersurface attempts to split the triggering criteria from the non-triggering events. Intuitively, this makes the classification correct for testing data that is near, but not identical to training data. Other directed and undirected model classification approaches include, e.g., naive Bayes, Bayesian networks, decision trees, neural networks, fuzzy logic models, and probabilistic classification models providing different patterns of independence can be employed. Classification as used herein also is inclusive of statistical regression that is utilized to develop models of priority.
FIGS. 8, 9, and 10 illustrate various methodologies in accordance with the claimed subject matter. While, for purposes of simplicity of explanation, the methodologies are shown and described as a series of acts, it is to be understood and appreciated that the claimed subject matter is not limited by the order of acts, as some acts may occur in different orders and/or concurrently with other acts from that shown and described herein. For example, those skilled in the art will understand and appreciate that a methodology could alternatively be represented as a series of interrelated states or events, such as in a state diagram. Moreover, not all illustrated acts may be required to implement a methodology in accordance with the claimed subject matter. Additionally, it should be further appreciated that the methodologies disclosed hereinafter and throughout this specification are capable of being stored on an article of manufacture to facilitate transporting and transferring such methodologies to computers. The term article of manufacture, as used herein, is intended to encompass a computer program accessible from any computer-readable device, carrier, or media.
With reference now to FIG. 8, exemplary method 800 for facilitating robust interactions with and/or management of environmental components is illustrated. Generally, at reference numeral 802, an input can be received from an input component included in a set of I/O components. Appreciably, the set of I/O components can include components such as a key, a button, a switch, a keypad, a keyboard, a monitor, a display, a speaker, a microphone, a receiver, a transmitter, etc., and the input component can be substantially any suitable component from the set as well as certain other suitable components not expressly enumerated.
At reference numeral 804, an instruction can be transmitted to an environmental component by way of an output component included in the set of I/O components. Likewise, the output component can be substantially any suitable component from the set as well as other suitable components even if not explicitly listed in the examples provided. The instruction can be or include a command, initialization data, verification data, authentication data, as well as other appropriate data sets or subsets.
At reference numeral 806, the instruction can be determined or inferred based at least in part upon an orientation of the housing. The orientation can be associated with a position of the housing, a direction, focus, or target of the housing, or a gesture associated with the housing. Based at least upon such data (as well as other potentially relevant data), the instruction can be determined or inferred, in some cases based upon intelligence-based machine learning techniques.
At reference numeral 808, guidance in connection with at least one of the orientation or the instruction can be provided. The guidance can be provided in various forms or formats, which can include verbal or textual articulation as well as visual display of the guidance. Accordingly, explanations of suitable orientations to accomplish a particular instruction, for example, can be presented in one or more formats and/or in a manner that can reduce, minimize, or mitigate the need for a complicated user interface in connection with comprehensive features.
Referring to FIG. 9, exemplary method 900 for providing additional features in connection with the orientation, instruction, or guidance is depicted. For example, at reference numeral 902, the orientation can be employed to determine a target environmental component. In general, the target environmental device will be one that is the focus of the housing or an associated face, surface, salient feature. However, such need not always be the case, as the target can be selected in advance such that subsequent changes in the focus (or other potential changes in orientation) do not unnecessarily select other target components.
At reference numeral 904, state information associated with the orientation of the housing can be maintained in order to determine a gesture. For example, the state information can include a recent history of the orientation of the housing which can essentially record the motion of the housing. At reference numeral 906, the input received in connection with act 802 can be utilized for determining the instruction. Accordingly, in addition to utilizing the orientation, various input such as pressing a particular key or button (e.g., input) can be used in unison with determining the appropriate instruction to transmit.
At reference numeral 908, a state of the environmental component can be updated based upon the instruction. For example, the environmental component can receive the instruction and respond by changing state. For example, a lamp can change from an “off” state to an “on” state based upon the instruction as can a setting of a thermostat, a position of a cursor, a volume of a stereo and so on and so forth.
At reference numeral 910, an avatar can be presented in connection with the guidance provided at act 810. In accordance therewith, the avatar can be the medium by which the guidance is articulated or displayed. For example, the avatar can be the speaker for articulated guidance or be a performer in visually displayed guidance. It is to be appreciated that the avatar can include a distinguishing personality or character (or traits thereof) and, in connection with reference numeral 912, can, along with an instruction set of available instructions or an orientation set of allowable and/or identifiable orientations, be updated to, e.g., provide newer, more useful, or more tailored data sets and/or a larger repertoire of available features.
With reference now to FIG. 10, method 1000 for modeling the environment and/or providing holographic presentation for facilitating richer interactions is illustrated. Generally, at reference numeral 1002, a holographic data display or interface can be presented. The holographic interface/display can be presented substantially near to a targeted environmental component and can provide beneficial feedback, visual indicia, intuitive instruction or explanation, navigation or control features, or the like.
At reference numeral 1004, a holographic representation of the avatar can be displayed. The holographic avatar can be presented substantially near to the housing or the targeted element and can provide visual guidance in connection with orientation as well as an associated or desired instruction or with the targeted environmental component. It should be appreciated and understood that the holographs displayed at acts 1002, 1004 be virtual in nature and can be presented by way of an eyepiece/headset associated with the housing.
At reference numeral 1006, a 3-D model of an environment proximal to the housing can be generated. The 3-D model can include the set of environmental components in respective positions that correspond to corporeal locations of the environmental components. The 3-D model can be generated on the fly and can adapt to various environments, environment types, or changes in location and/or transportation of the housing. At reference numeral 1008, two or more cameras from the set of I/O components can be employed for determining a 3-D position of the housing. The cameras can also be employed for determining or aiding in the determination of the orientation described at act 706.
Referring now to FIG. 11, there is illustrated a block diagram of an exemplary computer system operable to execute the disclosed architecture. In order to provide additional context for various aspects of the claimed subject matter, FIG. 11 and the following discussion are intended to provide a brief, general description of a suitable computing environment 1100 in which the various aspects of the claimed subject matter can be implemented. Additionally, while the claimed subject matter described above may be suitable for application in the general context of computer-executable instructions that may run on one or more computers, those skilled in the art will recognize that the claimed subject matter also can be implemented in combination with other program modules and/or as a combination of hardware and software.
With reference again to FIG. 11, the exemplary environment 1100 for implementing various aspects of the claimed subject matter includes a computer 1102, the computer 1102 including a processing unit 1104, a system memory 1106 and a system bus 1108. The system bus 1108 couples to system components including, but not limited to, the system memory 1106 to the processing unit 1104. The processing unit 1104 can be any of various commercially available processors. Dual microprocessors and other multi-processor architectures may also be employed as the processing unit 1104.
The computer 1102 further includes an internal hard disk drive (HDD) 1114 (e.g., EIDE, SATA), which internal hard disk drive 1114 may also be configured for external use in a suitable chassis (not shown), a magnetic floppy disk drive (FDD) 1116, (e.g., to read from or write to a removable diskette 1118) and an optical disk drive 1120, (e.g., reading a CD-ROM disk 1122 or, to read from or write to other high capacity optical media such as the DVD). The hard disk drive 1114, magnetic disk drive 1116 and optical disk drive 1120 can be connected to the system bus 1108 by a hard disk drive interface 1124, a magnetic disk drive interface 1126 and an optical drive interface 1128, respectively. The interface 1124 for external drive implementations includes at least one or both of Universal Serial Bus (USB) and IEEE1394 interface technologies. Other external drive connection technologies are within contemplation of the subject matter claimed herein.
The drives and their associated computer-readable media provide nonvolatile storage of data, data structures, computer-executable instructions, and so forth. For the computer 1102, the drives and media accommodate the storage of any data in a suitable digital format. Although the description of computer-readable media above refers to a HDD, a removable magnetic diskette, and a removable optical media such as a CD or DVD, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that other types of media which are readable by a computer, such as zip drives, magnetic cassettes, flash memory cards, cartridges, and the like, may also be used in the exemplary operating environment, and further, that any such media may contain computer-executable instructions for performing the methods of the claimed subject matter.
A user can enter commands and information into the computer 1102 through one or more wired/wireless input devices, e.g., a keyboard 1138 and a pointing device, such as a mouse 1140. Other input devices (not shown) may include a microphone, an IR remote control, a joystick, a game pad, a stylus pen, touch screen, or the like. These and other input devices are often connected to the processing unit 1104 through an input device interface 1142 that is coupled to the system bus 1108, but can be connected by other interfaces, such as a parallel port, an IEEE1394 serial port, a game port, a USB port, an IR interface, etc.
Wi-Fi, or Wireless Fidelity, allows connection to the Internet from a couch at home, a bed in a hotel room, or a conference room at work, without wires. Wi-Fi is a wireless technology similar to that used in a cell phone that enables such devices, e.g., computers, to send and receive data indoors and out; anywhere within the range of a base station. Wi-Fi networks use radio technologies called IEEE802.11 (a, b, g, etc.) to provide secure, reliable, fast wireless connectivity. A Wi-Fi network can be used to connect computers to each other, to the Internet, and to wired networks (which use IEEE802.3 or Ethernet). Wi-Fi networks operate in the unlicensed 2.4 and 5 GHz radio bands, at an 11 Mbps (802.11b) or 54 Mbps (802.11a) data rate, for example, or with products that contain both bands (dual band), so the networks can provide real-world performance similar to the basic “10BaseT” wired Ethernet networks used in many offices.
Referring now to FIG. 12, there is illustrated a schematic block diagram of an exemplary computer compilation system operable to execute the disclosed architecture. The system 1200 includes one or more client(s) 1202. The client(s) 1202 can be hardware and/or software (e.g., threads, processes, computing devices). The client(s) 1202 can house cookie(s) and/or associated contextual information by employing the claimed subject matter, for example.
The system 1200 also includes one or more server(s) 1204. The server(s) 1204 can also be hardware and/or software (e.g., threads, processes, computing devices). The servers 1204 can house threads to perform transformations by employing the claimed subject matter, for example. One possible communication between a client 1202 and a server 1204 can be in the form of a data packet adapted to be transmitted between two or more computer processes. The data packet may include a cookie and/or associated contextual information, for example. The system 1200 includes a communication framework 1206 (e.g., a global communication network such as the Internet) that can be employed to facilitate communications between the client(s) 1202 and the server(s) 1204.
wherein an intelligence component is coupled to the command component and wherein the intelligence component uses a subset of data in a data store to determine the instruction.
2. The system of claim 1 wherein the orientation is a recent trajectory of the object.
3. The system of claim 1 wherein the computing device is a game console.
4. The system of claim 1 wherein when the intelligence component uses a subset of data, it determines the instruction by forming an inference.
5. The system of claim 4 wherein the intelligence component forms the inference, at least in part, using previously captured events.
6. The system of claim 4 wherein the intelligence component forms the inference, at least in part, based upon a system context.
7. The system of claim 4 wherein the intelligence component forms the inference, at least in part, by computing a probability.
8. The system of claim 4 wherein the intelligence component forms the inference, at least in part, using a classification system derived from explicitly or implicitly trained schemes.
9. The system of claim 1, further comprising an advisor component, which provides guidance by way of an associated avatar, the avatar is presentable by way of an audio output, a text-based output, a video output or display, a holographic output or display, or combinations thereof.
10. The system of claim 9, wherein the avatar includes a distinct persona that influences at least one of appearance, inflection, accent, brogue, dialogue, speech, character, personality, behavior, or available features.
11. The system of claim 1, further comprising a modeling component that constructs a 3-D geometric model of an environment.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein the orientation is a recent trajectory of the object.
14. The method of claim 12 wherein the computing device is a game console.
15. The method of claim 12 wherein the accessing further comprises determining the instruction by forming an inference.
16. The method of claim 12 wherein determining the instruction by forming an inference further comprises forming the inference, at least in part, using previously captured events.
17. The method of claim 12 wherein determining the instruction by forming an inference further comprises forming the inference, at least in part, based upon a system context.
18. The method of claim 12 wherein determining the instruction by forming an inference further comprises forming the inference, at least in part, by computing a probability.
19. The method of claim 12 wherein determining the instruction by forming an inference further comprises forming the inference, at least in part, using a classification system derived from explicitly or implicitly trained schemes.
a gaming console, which executes the instruction in order to alter the display component in accordance with the instruction.
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2019-04-18T23:12:23Z
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https://patents.google.com/patent/US20090215534A1/en
|
Arts
|
Reference
| 0.100041 |
hu-berlin
|
Here you will find information about the Standing Committee of the International Conference on HPSG.
For previous members, see below.
Holding a business meeting at each conference; this meeting should be an open meeting, at which the Standing Committee presents a verbal report, and any concerns about the running of the conference, including the organization, activity, and membership of the Standing Committee may be raised and discussed.
The intended roles of the Programme Committee (PC), and PC Chair, the Local Organizing Committee and Chair, the normal structure of the conference, and the paper selection process are set out separately, in this document.
The standing committee consists of two permanent members, two ex-officio members, and five regular members. Carl Pollard and Ivan Sag are the permanent members. In any given year, the ex-officio members are chairs of the programme and the local organizing committee from the previous year's conference. Since the ex-officio members may also be regular members, this gives a total membership of between seven (two plus five) and nine (two plus two plus five).
Regular members serve a term of three years, which may be extended for a second three years, but only once (this does not preclude them being ex-officio members at any time). Regular members are appointed by the existing Standing Committee itself.
Previous members may be renominated (after a break in service).
The Standing Committee chooses one of its members to act as Standing Committee chair.
(Please let me know if you are a past member and I have missed you from this list).
Maintained by doug /at/ essex.ac.uk.
Last Updated: Thursday 28 September, 2017.
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2019-04-26T03:58:44Z
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https://hpsg.hu-berlin.de/HPSG/StandingCommittee/
|
Arts
|
Business
| 0.892986 |
ua
|
It seems their decision to marry was definitely complicated by the war, which was either an impediment or an encouragement, depending on who you might have asked!
Dear Mrs. Dorsey: — Or shall I say Dear Mother-in-law? … I want to tell you what a dear daughter you have & how much I love her & also want to assure you that she’ll have no cause to regret her marriage to me. I’m in a deuce of a fix now, in the army, but as I’ve told Roberta, I don’t expect to be here forever, & we can settle down as soon as I get out & devote our lives to each others happiness.
After this personal conflict was settled, he continued to train with his unit, which traveled to the continent by boat in June 1918. His later correspondence with his wife comes from France (see the Finding Aid, series Correspondence – Outgoing – July-December, 1918). Herbert survived the war, returning to Roberta in the spring of 1919.
Herbert J. Taylor, Jr. Letters. W.S. Hoole Special Collections Library, University Libraries Division of Special Collections, The University of Alabama. Accessed July 15, 2014.
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2019-04-20T07:02:47Z
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https://www.lib.ua.edu/libraries/hoole/digital-exhibitions/wwi-centennial-reflections/a-reluctant-war-husband/
|
Arts
|
Reference
| 0.429994 |
oreilly
|
Now, add a new method called CreatePlayer.
The player is an animated image made up from three frames. If you study the images closely, you will see that the tracks are animated.
Load the animated image into the player field.
Set the animation speed for each frame to 1.
To check if the player machine runs into crates or walls, we will need two collision zone boxes.
Create a new collision zone box, that is, place 64 pixels in front of the player machine.
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2019-04-20T13:09:49Z
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https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/monkey-game-development/9781849692038/ch07s16.html
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Arts
|
Reference
| 0.273646 |
adobe
|
When you create users, you can add the them to groups and assign roles to the them.
In administration console, click Settings > User Management > Users and Groups, and click New User.
Under General Settings, provide information as required, and then click Next. For details about the settings, see User settings.
In the Find box, type all or part of the group name.
Select the domain to search, select the number of items to display, and click Find.
(Optional) To view group details, select the group name, and then click OK to return to the search results page.
Select the check box for the group and click OK.
(Optional) To assign roles to the user, click Find Roles, select the check box for the roles to assign, and then click OK.
If you enounter any login issue with the user, see AEM Forms on JEE user fails to login on AEM Forms on OSGi side.
Specify the following settings when you create or edit a user.
Canonical Name: (Mandatory) Unique identifier for the user. Each user and group in a domain must have a unique canonical name. Select the System Generated checkbox to let User Management assign a unique value, or clear the checkbox and specify a custom value for the Canonical Name.
Avoid using underscore characters (_) in canonical names, for example, sample_user. When you search for users based on their canonical name, those containing underscore characters are not returned.
Common Name: Full name or display name for the user. For example, if First Name = Gloria and Last Name = Rios, then Common Name = Gloria Rios.
Description: Optional description. Use this field as suits your organization’s needs.
Email Aliases: User’s email aliases. Separate the email aliases with commas.
If you are using a local or hybrid domain, information about users is stored only in the User Management database. For these users, set the Business Calendar Key to a string. Then map the business calendar key (the string) to a business calendar in forms workflow.
If you are using an enterprise domain, information about users resides in a third-party storage system, such as an LDAP directory. User Management synchronizes user information from the directory with the User Management database. This feature allows you to map a business calendar key to a field in the LDAP directory. For example, consider a scenario where each user record in your directory contains a country field, and you want to assign business calendars based on the country where the user is located. In this case, you specify the country field name as the value for the Business Calendar Key setting. You can then map the business calendar keys (the values defined for the country field in the LDAP directory) to business calendars in forms workflow.
For additional information on business calendars, including how to map business calendar keys to business calendars, see Configuring Business Calendars.
Limit the name to less than 53 characters. A shorter name helps prevent problems displaying the business calendar key in the Process Management pages in administration console.
User ID: (Mandatory) User ID that the user uses to log in. User ID is not case sensitive and it must be unique across the domain.
In enterprise domains, use a non-DN attribute as the user ID because a user’s DN can change if they move to another part of the organization. This setting depends on the directory server. The value is objectGUID for Active Directory 2003, nsuniqueID for Sun™ One, and guid for eDirectory.
Ensure that the user ID is unique. Do not use one that was assigned to a deleted user.
AEM forms cannot differentiate between user accounts that have identical user IDs and passwords but belong to different domains. To avoid this problem, do not create accounts that have the same user ID on multiple domains.
When using SQL Server as your database, you cannot create a user ID that exceeds 255 characters.
When using MySQL, the user ID can contain extended characters. However, when a comparison is made between two strings, such as abcde and âbcdè, they are considered the same. For example, when syncing, if a new user was added to the database, a comparison is made to check whether a user with the same user ID exists in the database. If user abcde already exists in the database when the new user âbcdè is added, the comparison cannot distinguish between the two names. It is assumed that the user already exists in the database, and the new user is ignored and not added.
Password and Confirm Password: Password the user uses to log in. It must have a minimum of eight characters. A password is not required for a user who is part of a hybrid domain.
Specify information to narrow the search and, in the In list, select Users and then click Find. The results of the search are listed at the bottom of the page. You can sort the list by clicking any of the column headings.
Specify information to narrow the search for a particular user and click Find. The results of the search are listed at the bottom of the page. You can sort the list by clicking any of the column headings.
Click the name of the user and then click Change Password.
Type and confirm the new password, and then click OK. The password must be a minimum of eight characters.
In the In list, select Users.
Select the domain, select the number of items to display, and then click Find.
Click the user to edit.
For a user who is part of a local or hybrid domain, on the Detail tab, edit the General Settings and Login Settings, and click Save. For details about the settings, see User settings. You cannot edit the general and login settings for a user who belongs to an enterprise domain.
Click Find Group and complete the search information.
To add the user to a new group, select the check box for the group, click OK, and then click Save.
Note: Local users cannot be added to directory groups. However, directory users can be added to local groups.
To remove the user from a group, select the check box for the group, click Delete, and then click Save.
To display a list of roles, click Find Roles.
To remove a role, select the check box for the role, click Unassign, and then click Save.
Select the check box for the user, click Delete, and then click OK.
AEM Forms on JEE also allows users of the AEM forms add-on running on an OSGi to be recognized as AEM users. This is required for scenarios where single sign-on between AEM Forms on JEE and AEM forms add-on running on an OSGi is required (for example, HTML workspace). The above-mentioned delete operation removes a user only from AEM Forms on JEE. The user is not deleted from AEM Forms add-on running on OSGi environment. But any login attempt made after deleting the user (a login attempt to AEM Forms add-on JEE server or AEM Forms add-on on OSGi environment) is denied.
CQ provides a mechanism to override the default 404 handler jsp.
For details on how to to customize the error handling page, see Customizing Pages shown by the Error Handler in the Adobe Experience Manager Documentation.
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2019-04-26T11:14:09Z
|
https://helpx.adobe.com/sk/experience-manager/6-4/forms/using/admin-help/adding-configuring-users.html
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Arts
|
Business
| 0.092617 |
craftster
|
Craftster Community > CROCHET > Amigurumi: Discussion and Questions (Moderator: pottermouth) > Amigurumi Breasts on dolls?
Hi! I notice most amigurumi I see seem to be adorable animals, or children. I'd like to make a doll that's a woman. How do I crochet breasts? Maybe just do the Magical adjustable ring, increase a row then decrease a row? I don't want anything fancy, I just want it to be obvious she's a woman.
Re: Amigurumi Breasts on dolls?
Just, as you get to her chest part, increase the amount of stitches you have and decrease real quick. Or make two of the popcorn stitches, bobbles... whatever you want to call them.
I have made the breasts seperately and sewn them on before. This really makes them look huge. Increasing when you are crocheting the body is probably the best idea.
wait, how would that work? Do you mean,on the chest do 2 sc in a couple stiches, then decrease it back to the number it was, and then do the same for the next breast?
Exactly. You could do two sc in say... two or three single sc stitches, one in each sc space between and do the same in the second. And on your next round, keep increasing, do a single sc in each or decrease, depending how big you want your doll to be.
*ahh* That really helped! I'm going to try it, and see how it goes.
I didn't think about it when I wrote it but, you could also do like... two popcorns or baubles too.
Sew many crafts, sew little time!
just started on her last night.
Have an Awesome Creative Day!!!
wow. I haven't checked back in several months, and this is absolutely amazing. how did you sculpt her? she looks almost like she's made of clay!
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2019-04-19T11:28:23Z
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https://www.craftster.org/forum/index.php?topic=331340.msg4081299
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Arts
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Arts
| 0.904083 |
scotsman
|
Alan Power has urged the powers that be at Kilmarnock to secure Steve Clarke’s long-term future as the Ayrshiremen aim to snap out of an eight-game winless run in Paisley tonight.
Clarke’s stock remains high for the tremendous work he has done at Rugby Park and he still has a strong reputation in England.
Indeed, he is on the short list to become the next manager of Fulham – even if Scott Parker is favourite having been placed in temporary charge – and has also been linked with a return to West Bromwich Albion.
Power hopes all advances are rebuffed and Clarke can not only lead Kilmarnock to a strong finish this season, but new heights in the future.
The Irishman said: “I want to keep working with the gaffer. He’s done a lot for me since he came in. He’ll always be linked with jobs as he’s done a fantastic one here with what he has at his disposal.
“Hopefully we can tie him down and if not then I’m sure the players will!
Returning to Paisley brings back happy memories for Power as he scored his only goal of the season there back in October. However, any scorer would be welcome as Kilmarnock have been firing blanks in their last five matches.
Power said: “I scored a goal – the only one so far – when we last played in Paisley and it would be nice to do it again.
“I don’t get many chances to shoot but I fully knew where it was heading! It’s probably the best strike of my career.
“Goals have been a problem but we’re not getting anxious because we know the scorers we have in the team.
“We’re fully capable of blowing any team away on our day. It’s just a phase we’re going through but we aim to put it right against St Mirren.
Killie may have gone eight games in all competitions without a win but St Mirren manager Oran Kearney is not reading too much into the dip in form and remains “wary” of the Ayrshire side.
“I don’t think we read too much into previous games,” said Kearney.
“Yes we look at them and they will look at us but I think it is about who turns up on the night.
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2019-04-22T08:17:39Z
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https://www.scotsman.com/sport/football/kilmarnock/alan-power-is-eager-for-kilmarnock-to-get-steve-clarke-tied-down-1-4886917
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Arts
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Games
| 0.532372 |
colorado
|
On Thanksgiving night, November 25, 2004, a group of seven young people met at the Icon Night Club on North Academy Blvd at about 9 p.m. Two sisters with this group interacted with other males in the bar and there may have been a verbal confrontation between them and the original group of friends. About 2.a.m. the seven friends departed in three cars and drove as a group to the Denny;s parking lot at Academy and Flintridge, with the two sisters together in one car. The women reported that at a stoplight near Flintridge Dr. a SUV described as a dark colored Ford Explorer or Expedition pulled up beside them, and that two African American male occupants were trying to 'hit on them.' The women stated they rebuffed the advances and continued to the south end of the Denny's parking lot where they met with the rest of their group. A few minutes later, the Same SUV that had contacted the women pulled into the Denny's lot near the group of friends. A verbal altercation between the two groups of people ensued, during which shots were fired from the SUV, and may have also been fired from individual(s) in the parking lot as the suspect vehicle fled the area. Brandon Brown, age 23, was struck by one of the gunshots while standing in the parking lot and died as a result of this injury. Brandon had been part of the original group of friends from the Icon and did not appear to have been involved in the described altercation. Anyone with information regarding this case, is asked to please contact the Colorado Springs Police Department.
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2019-04-20T16:23:30Z
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https://apps.colorado.gov/apps/coldcase/casedetail.html?id=321
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Arts
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News
| 0.638366 |
cornell
|
A cell is composed of many intertwined regulatory and signaling networks. Proteins, RNA, and DNA act upon one another to control cellular processes and responses to changes in the environment. In this module, we study a model of a synthetic regulatory circuit, the Repressilator, which consists of a loop of three proteins, each of which represses the transcription of the next (akin to the rock-paper-scissors game). As in the Stochastic Cells module, we compare stochastic and deterministic representations of the Repressilator dynamics, here in a much more complex system, where good software design allows seamless conversion between two very different simulation strategies. We also study the difference between shot noise and telegraph noise.
Michael Elowitz and Stan Leibler, "A synthetic oscillatory network of transcriptional regulators", Nature 403, 335-338, 2000.
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2019-04-25T17:54:36Z
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http://pages.physics.cornell.edu/~sethna/StatMech/ComputerExercises/Repressilator/Repressilator.html
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Arts
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Science
| 0.985262 |
christiananswers
|
Avoid—Should be titled "Politically Correct, but Filthy". Although I enjoy seeing Godly people doing an excellent job of defending their Christian faith, it is not worth wading through the filth. Usually, three of the guests are of the liberal slant. Bill Maher and his three like-minded friends hurl insults at the conservative or Christian.
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2019-04-24T02:26:47Z
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https://christiananswers.net/spotlight/tv/2002/politicallyincorrect.html
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Arts
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Reference
| 0.561897 |
wordpress
|
Did you ever do a code review where you recorded an extremely high amount of WTF/m? And did you ever wonder what the cause of all this bad code is? Most of the time cause number 1 are the use of design and coding antipatterns.
If you like definitions, here is one: An AntiPattern is a literary form that describes a commonly occurring solution to a problem that generates decidedly negative consequences. The AntiPattern may be the result of a manager or developer not knowing any better, not having sufficient knowledge or experience in solving a particular type of problem, or having applied a perfectly good pattern in the wrong context.
IMO an antipattern of frequent occurrence is the lack of knowing the existence of some useful frameworks/libraries. Apache commons lang and commons collections are dependencies that should be present in every Java project.
You can write your own fancy for loop for filtering or selecting some objects in a collection or you can use CollectionUtils.select(…) or CollectionUtils.filter(…).
You can do some fancy not null checks ending up with a huge if-else construction or you can use StringUtils.isNotBlank(…). It’s up to you.
A general rule is not trying to reinvent the wheel. Some people like to write their own Reflection utils while Apache commons beanutils, Spring’s BeanUtils and BeanWrapper will do the trick.
Cargo cult programming is a style of programming in which patterns and methods are used without understanding why. The term “cargo cult”, originally referred to aboriginal religions which grew up in the South Pacific after World War II. The practices of these groups centered on building elaborate mock-ups of airplanes and military landing strips in the hope of summoning the god-like airplanes that had brought marvelous cargo during the war.
Most of the time this way of programming is used by unskilled or unexperienced programmers that copy-paste some code from somewhere else.
Instead of checking for some specific corner case values like null values, some people like to catch a NullPointerException and do some logic in the catch block. This way of coding is called expection handling because the exception is expected to happen.
Exceptions are invented to inform you of the fact that something really bad happened but they’re not meant to be thrown often. That’s why they are called ‘exceptions’. If they occur, please handle them carefully but never abuse them to execute some logic that could have been implemented with a simple if-else check.
Referring to the previous antipattern, when an exception is thrown that means that something unexpected happened. The last thing you should do is swallow these exceptions instead of processing its useful information.
For example, if you have a method that should only return 1 object because you expect it be unique, perfoming a DB query that returns a list of results, checking if the list’s size equals 1 and then performing a query that can only return 1 unique result (if not an exception is thrown). If you’re implementing something like that, it means that it could be possible that the expected object is not unique which means that implementation differs from what the analysis says.
Inheritance should be handled with care. It’s very useful but you should only use it what it’s intended for. If the inheritance tree becomes to bloated, something is wrong. Do not write abstract classes for 1 specific case. Use composition instead. The strategy pattern can come in handy here.
Some people like to enhance their code by continuing to work on it well past the point where the extra effort is adding some value instead of sticking to the requirements. The mistake made here is thinking the end user would be much more delighted to see the additional or enhanced features in the product, than what the user asked for or expected. The user might be disappointed in the results, and the extra effort by the developer might be futile. This process is referred to as gold plating.
Gold plating is related to premature optimization. Premature optimization refers to thinking about possible issues that could arise in the future but that are not the case at this moment. You should only think about what is asked and what is required, not about what eventually could be useful for future purposes. A frequent occuring premature optimization is the premature performance optimization. If there are no preformance issues at this moment, do not try to handle them, handle them when they happen.
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2019-04-26T05:38:19Z
|
https://glenndejaeger.wordpress.com/2010/04/05/programming-antipatterns/
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Arts
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Computers
| 0.528895 |
librarything
|
Harley Flanders is currently considered a "single author." If one or more works are by a distinct, homonymous authors, go ahead and split the author.
Harley Flanders is composed of 1 name.
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2019-04-24T16:22:05Z
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https://www.librarything.com/author/flandersharley
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Arts
|
Reference
| 0.208364 |
fridleytheatres
|
on your location to expand the menu!
Please click on your location below to view the list of merchants.
Algona Frame & Auto Body, Inc.
Dump-It Sanitation & Recycling, Inc.
Modern Heating and Cooling, Inc.
Campbell, Higgins, & Mummert, P.C.
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2019-04-19T07:42:48Z
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http://www.fridleytheatres.com/page/3300/Merchant-Movies
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Arts
|
Shopping
| 0.484451 |
nih
|
ChemIDplus - 91770-90-0 - Zanthoxylum alatum, ext. - Searchable synonyms, formulas, resource links, and other chemical information.
Substance Name: Zanthoxylum alatum, ext.
|
2019-04-21T14:26:24Z
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https://chem.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/rn/91770-90-0
|
Arts
|
Science
| 0.643825 |
wordpress
|
As well as being part of the tour operating team at Africa Direct, where he is famous for planning spectacular journeys around Africa, Mike Karantonis heads up the Specialist Safari division. He is a specialist game ranger that has been guiding for 15 years in all parts of Africa and is now dedicated to privately hosting safari tours around Africa with his guests.
He was based at Phinda Private Game Reserve as a Specialist Ranger for CCAfrica/andbeyond until the end of 2008. Mike, his wife Lisa, and their two young children, Kira and Josh, now live in White River, a mere hour’s drive from their beloved Kruger National Park, which is where you can find the whole family during any vacation time!
Mike has wanted to be a game ranger since the age of eight! After school he obtained a prestige diploma in game ranging and private lodge management. He slowly worked his way through the ranks and qualifications and after four years’ of guiding he was appointed Head Ranger of Phinda Forest and Vlei lodges. His qualifications also include being a trails guide, bird guide, canoe guide, evaluator, mentor and trainer for the CCAfrica/andbeyond group. Mike also has FGASA qualifications. Some of the Specialist Safaris that Mike conducts are leopard research, white rhino darting, photographic safaris, specialist birding safaris, big cat safaris, predator safaris, bush skills and 7 wonders in 7 days (Phinda only). He won the Munyawana Ranger of the Year award in 2004 and the CCAfrica Ranger of the Year award in 2007. These prestigious awards of course made him the CC Africa/andbeyond Ranger of choice to conduct the safaris of any high profile clients. He has also had a long standing relationship with thelocal community hence his in-depth involvement with the communities.
Mike has also experienced parts of East Africa such as Kenya and Tanzania, exploring the wonders of the great migration and the magnificence of Ngorogoro Crater. He has conducted ranger training at Matetsi in Zimbabwe and at Sossusvlei in Namibia. One of his favorite pastimes, is enjoying sundowner drinks on the banks of the Khwai River in Botswana…..
Mike has recently been sponsored by Nikon SA to be an ambassador for the brand because of his photography and passion for the industry of guiding.
Whether you want to specialise in photography, birds, habitats, animal behaviour or even just spend quality time at one sighting, this all becomes an option with having a specialist ranger privately hosting you on your safari!
Tanya Kotze as a Tour Operator has vast experience of personally visiting hundreds of lodges and hotels in order to be able to sell top quality products with confidence because of the fact that one cannot believe everything on the web or from what you see in a brochure. This dedicated approach of quality assurance has earned her the respect and regular return business in organising top quality, fun, value for money and perfectly balanced visits to Southern Africa.
After completing her honours degree in Sociology, Tanya soon realised that it was time to follow her heart, and become part of Africa’s growing tourism industry. To her there is nothing as special as the African Bush with its unique fauna and flora, and to say that she is passionate about Africa’s Big 5 would be an understatement! She has personally visited more than 50 of Africa’s “Big 5” lodges during the past few years. There is no one with more personal experiences of luxury game lodges in South Africa than her. Tanya is a very keen birder – with her personal list exceeding 600. Her husband, Hilton, is an award winning wildlife photographer, and Tanya has arranged numerous wildlife photographic safaris for numerous clients wishing to capture that perfect shot!
Tanya believes in tailor making every itinerary according to every client’s specific needs. Most people travel a very long way to get to Africa, and she believes in giving priority to your specific needs and interests, to ensure that your vacation is the best it could possibly be! Contact Tanya today, so that she can start tailor making your vacation of a lifetime!
After several years in the Professional Hunting industry, Greg turned his interests toward the photographic safari and guiding industry and became a Professional Field Guide.
Greg has attained one of the highest qualifications through the Field Guides Association of Southern Africa (FGASA) with a Level 3 SKS in Dangerous Animals, a Level 3 Tracker as well as having a degree in Nature Conservation attained in Cape Town.
Greg has worked in various of the country’s leading game reserves and lodges, including leading walks in the world famous Kruger National Park.
Throughout Greg’s guiding career, he has been interviewed on television, been mentioned in articles pertaining to his guiding and has had photographs published in articles all over the world. He has guided celebrities to the likes of John Travolta, Kate Moss, Lily Allen, as well as the Prime Minister of Kenya, Mr. Raila Odinga and the president of Gabon, Mr. Omar Bongo to mention a few.
In 2009 Greg was invited by the South African Tourism Board to enter the prestigious Welcome Awards for 2010. He went on to win the Welcome Awards for the National sub category for 2010.
2010 saw Greg’s picture on billboards throughout the country. Appearing at the newly opened Gautrain stations in Sandton, Johannesburg and OR Tambo International Airport to mention a few, welcoming visitors from around the world arriving for the 2010 FIFA World Cup, proudly being hosted by South Africa.
Greg was again invited to enter the Welcome Awards the following year for 2011 in further recognition of his efforts to “…raise the bar on service delivery…” within the South African Tourist Guiding and Tourism Industry.
Greg was later also nominated anonymously and entered into South Africa’s first ever “Ranger of the Year” competition, arranged and sponsored by AFRICA DIRECTand FGASA. All aspects of guiding was tested, observed and evaluated by a panel of well-known and celebrated members of the industry and guides on the judge’s panel. Various topics and subjects were addressed, including shooting, tracking, story telling, birding, bush walking and many more tests and evaluations.
Greg became South Africa’s very first “Ranger of the Year”, after winning the title amongst his peers, his friends and colleagues. The event was also televised in order to bring about better exposure to the guiding and tourism industry. The title was “In recognition of Professional Field Guides as true custodians and ambassadors to ourwildlife” and he has been invited to return for the 2012 Africa Direct/FGASA Ranger of the Year competition as a judge in the competition.
Greg is currently studying further within the guiding and conservation industry in order to better himself further in making his guiding experience an unrivalled one inAfrica.
He also sat on the FGASA Executive Committee and is an active mentor to many younger guides within the industry and has also been involved with the African Safari Lodge Foundation where he was on the selection panel involved in selecting promising underprivileged individuals from local communities who were then given the opportunity to be trained as Professional Field Guides, many of whom are now fully qualified guides and have jobs in the bush throughout South Africa.
Going on an Africa Direct Private Guided Safari with Greg Lederle, is guaranteed to be a highly educational, fun filled experience!
Jaco Buys decided at the ripe age of 4 years old that he was going to become a game ranger. This decision was made on one of the Buys family’s annual trips to Kruger National Park. It was the family’s first visit to the beautiful Northern sections of the Park and seeing a Leopard attempting a failed hunt on a Nyala Bull as well as Shawu, one of the Magnificent 7 Elephant Bulls, created indelible memories.
Jaco is 17 years into his career as Game Ranger and Field Guide. He has had the privilege of working in Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Namibia and South Africa. The theme of experiencing and enjoying memories, memories that will outlast time, now a passion that can be shared with guests from all over the world. Memories like searching for and finding the famous Wildebeest and Zebra migration in Northern Serengeti, walking into Leopards mating in Lower Zambezi, swimming in the crystal clear waters of Lake Malawi and tracking 13 Lions in the Okavango Delta.
Jaco and his wife, Laurika, spent 5 years in Botswana, walking in the Delta and doing safaris through the National Parks. 7 years followed managing Chitwa Chitwa Safari Lodge and Simbambili Game Lodge in the Northern Sabi Sand Game Reserve. The Sabi Sand offered opportunities to learn from the animals, as their habituation to vehicles offered close encounters allowing undisturbed behaviour. Many special moments were shared with many special guests and guests started returning to the area and on safari as friends.
Guiding developed into a recognised profession and Jaco is registered with the Southern African Field Guides Association as a Level 3, Lead Trials Guide. He has also completed the Assessor’s qualification and has mentored and trained trackers and guides. The Association requires all guides to keep a record of their sightings of potentially dangerous animals encountered on foot. Jaco has had the privilege of encountering Leopard on foot 428 times, found Lion on 386 occasions and has well over 350 sightings each of Elephant, Buffalo and both Black and White Rhino.
Jaco believes though that the focus must always remain on the guests, the experience that nature offers at any particular time and place and a guide’s attempt to interpret and share the beauty and wonder of Africa.
We invite you to visit Africa on a Private Guided Safari with Jaco, and to see the bush through this very accomplished Game Ranger’s eyes!
Hilton Kotze is a dynamic wildlife and sports photographer, with an exceptional passion for Africa and its wildlife. His 12 years of experience in the bush, love of people and his ability to share his knowledge make him a very successfulphotographic host.
Hilton has had the great fortune to travel to some of the most remote and sought after wildlife and photographic destinations in Southern and East Africa including, Botswana, Namibia, Zambia, Kenya and Tanzania, these travels have enabled him to capture some of the most special moments nature has to offer.
Hilton’s immediate background is in the Health and fitness industry; here he uses his love of people, great personality and fantastic communication skills to help people from all walks of life to live a better life. It is these very attributes that make Hilton a great photographic host, together with his ever growing love and passion for nature and wildlife and his wealth of photographic knowledge, Hilton is able to assist his guests to seize the moment and capture creative, unique and exciting images while growing their own passion for nature and photography. Hilton is also very familiar with both major brands of equipment, Nikon & Canon and is able to assist with both. When Hilton isn’t chasing those magical bush moments or hosting photographic safaris, he is busy capturing our sporting hero’s making history in various sporting events.
Brendon Cremer was born and raised in Zimbabwe. He was exposed to wildlife and the outdoors form a young age, he could hardly be kept indoors, nature already had a big place in his heart and life. Brendon went to school a Peter House in Zimbabwe, where he built on his passion for nature, he was involved in and eventually headed up the Falconry club as well as being very much involved in the conservation and research of the school own game reserve. Brendon work in the Kariba area and in Matusadona national park during his school holidays, building on his knowledge of wildlife.
On the onset of political strife and the collapse of the Zimbabwean economy Brendon returned to his families native land South Africa. Here he met his lovely wife Michelle. Brendon and his wife went to work as a Lodge managers in the world renowned Sabi sand game reserve, Brendon spent 4 years in the game reserve capturing on camera everything the reserve has to offer, but paid special and close attention to the big cats of the reserve, Brendon has an extensive knowledge and understanding of big cats, their habits, and habitats and is one of Brendon’s big passions.
Today after spending 13 years in the bush, Brendon is an adventurer, conservationist, photographic host and wildlife photographer, based in Nelspruit. On the safaris that Brendon hosts and through his passion for photography and wildlife together with his profound knowledge, deep respect and understanding for Africa and its wildlife, Brendon’s guests not only enhance their photography, but also gain a lifelong admiration for Africa’s wildlife and culture. Predicting animal behaviour is essential to ‘getting the shot’ as Brendon often proves and he always does his best to get his guests in to the right position for that magical shot. Brendon is familiar with both the Nikon and Canon Brands so is able to assist with both.
Nicole Justus is heads up the European Agency of Africa Direct. After finishing her degree on Landscape Architecture and adding a business specialist degree she moved with her family to the USA. During her years in the U.S.A she made numerous self organized trips through the U.S.A and Canada.
As the next step, she and her husband, Markus, moved to South Africa and lived there for several years. During this time, Nicole continued to organize different trips, partly already dealing with Africa Direct, to discover South Africa and Botswana. After those trips she got infected with the ‘Virus’ called Africa and now truly loves the country and its’ people! Nicole has also become an enthusiastic amateur photographer.
The experiences in the African bush were unique and the endless variety of animals and birds in Africa continue to amaze her. In Europe most of the animals are only known to Europeans from watching wildlife documentaries or visiting the zoo. How different is the experience if a lion or an elephant approaches without a fence in-between! Sitting on an open off-road game viewing vehicle, one gets such a huge adrenaline rush when looking into the eyes of a lion or the car nearly gets touched by the trunk of an elephant. It is a very unique experience and we hope to enable as many people as possible to share in this amazing experience!
Based on the very positive experiences with Africa Direct in organizing her private trips through Africa, Nicole decided to open an European Agency of Africa Direct after her return to Germany, where she continues to utilise the full back up service of the offices in South Africa!
After completing his M.Sc. degree in Fisheries Science, Gary Lyon, was looking for adventure and more time outdoors, to enjoy his passion for wildlife. His first break came when he answered an advert for a wildlife guide at Loskop Dam Nature Reserve, in Mpumalanga, South Africa. This was to be the beginning of his career as a wildlife guide. After leading game viewing trips for several years, mostly by boat, he was offered a job at The Chobe Reserve, in Botswana, where he acted as a senior guide and interpreter for Into Africa Mowana Safaris. He led game viewing trips along the Chobe and Zambezi Rivers, by boat and by four-wheel drive vehicle.
During this time he earned a top level Botswana Professional Guides’ License. It was here that he honed his guiding skills under the tutelage of individuals likeRichard Randall (an expert birder) and John Locke, one of the first wildlife guide trainers for the Field Guides’ Association of Southern Africa (FGASA).
On returning to South Africa, Gary travelled extensively and lived in Cape Town for a while before working with Outward Bound South Africa as an outdoor instructor and course coordinator, leading courses involving climbing, hiking, canoeing, kayaking and high ropes work. As a senior guide at Inyati Private Game Reserve, in theSabi Sands, he achieved his Level III guide’s license and then obtained the Special Knowledge and Skills-Dangerous Animals (SKS-DA) qualification, writing the exam with FGASA and then completing an assessment under THETA. He also worked for Drifter’s Adventours, where he led tours around southern Africa and ran their Wildlife Guide Training Course.
Gary has travelled throughout Africa including, Uganda, Ethiopia, Mali, Ghana, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Namibia and Zambia, primarily to see wildlife but also to appreciate the striking and magnificent cultures in Africa. He likes all things leafy, feathery, scaley and hairy. Gary is currently living in New York, with his wife Cyndi, an American, whom he met in Botswana. He teaches environmental education and acts as a representative for Africa-Direct in the United States.
We have found the secret recipe for making the most unforgettable safari experience and we would love to share it with you by trusting in us to look after all your planning and safari requirements!
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2019-04-19T14:25:37Z
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https://africadirectblog.wordpress.com/our-specialists/
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Arts
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Recreation
| 0.61381 |
bellaonline
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The story of the Hills is well-known to anyone who had conducted research into UFO abductions. Betty, a social worker, and Barney, a mail carrier, were abducted by aliens in the countryside of New Hampshire during the fall of 1961.
"I glanced up, and noticed a small ball of light drifting up from the roof of the school into the sky, not very fast. The orb of light appeared to be traveling like a balloon would across the sky."
According to this page, there are many type of alien races visiting Earth.
Betty, a social worker with a Master’s Degree, and her husband, Barney Hill, an employee of the United States Post Service, were on their way home from a vacation in Canada in the autumn of 1961, when an event occurred that would change their lives significantly and eternally.
Not too many weeks ago, I wrote about my astounding encounter with a bobbing ball of light on one of my nightly walks with my dog.Interestingly, for several nights in a row I have witnessed some strange lights in the sky of a different variety; I can’t help but wonder if there is a connection.
On an early evening in late April of 1964, Lonnie Zamora was in his patrol car preparing to chase a speeding vehicle when he heard an explosion. Thinking the nearby dynamite shack might have blown up, Zamora headed in that direction to check it out.
John Lear has spent decades researching UFOs, conspiracy theories, and odd anomalies. His discoveries are amazing...and frightening.
Although I have not had the pleasure of visiting George Van Tassel’s Integratron by Giant Rock near Landers, California, the experience of a “Sound Bath” inside the domed structure is high on my list.
On the night of November 2, 1966, traveling salesman Woodrow Derenberger was driving south down Interstate 77 to Mineral Wells, West Virginia. At a few minutes after 7, near the intersection of Interstate 47, Derenberger had the strangest experience of his life.
Although most people have heard of the band Foo Fighters, many do not realize that the term was previously used during World War II by Allied aircraft pilots to describe sightings of “fast-moving round glowing objects following their aircraft” in the night sky above Europe.
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2019-04-20T00:24:25Z
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https://www.bellaonline.com/subjects/3458.asp
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Arts
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Reference
| 0.316142 |
loc
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Print shows a bridge across a canal with flowering cherry trees along the banks, a small cluster of low buildings, and a view of Mount Fuji in the background.
- From the series: Edo kinkō hakkei no uchi : Eight views in the environs of Edo.
1 print : woodcut, color. | Print shows a bridge across a canal with flowering cherry trees along the banks, a small cluster of low buildings, and a view of Mount Fuji in the background.
Andō, Hiroshige, Artist. Koganeibashi No Sekishō . Fuji Japan Mount, 1838. [, Printed Later] Photograph. https://www.loc.gov/item/2008660635/.
Andō, H. (1838) Koganeibashi No Sekishō . Fuji Japan Mount, 1838. [, Printed Later] [Photograph] Retrieved from the Library of Congress, https://www.loc.gov/item/2008660635/.
Andō, Hiroshige, Artist. Koganeibashi No Sekishō . [, Printed Later] Photograph. Retrieved from the Library of Congress, <www.loc.gov/item/2008660635/>.
Kawasaki 1 print : woodcut, color. | Print shows travelers being ferried across the Rokugo River where others wait on the opposite shore at the Kawasaki station on the Tōkaidō Road.
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2019-04-20T09:25:50Z
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https://www.loc.gov/item/2008660635/
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Arts
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Arts
| 0.755852 |
trendhunter
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I'm guessing that if MP3 players had been invented in the 1980s, they would look something like the Retro Mobile MP3 Player from USB Brando. This MP3 player is modeled after a cell phone that time forgot.
The Retro Mobile MP3 Player is so much more than a 1980s knockoff, however. This MP3 player can play music from an SD card or the radio, and it even doubles as a portable speaker. Now you can finally listen to your old Don Johnson songs the way they were meant to be heard. You've gotta love the 80s.
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2019-04-21T00:18:24Z
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https://www.trendhunter.com/trends/retro-mobile-mp3-player
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Arts
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Arts
| 0.183442 |
indiatimes
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Aryan Vaid is a popular Actor. Latest movies in which Aryan Vaid has acted are Tishnagi, Market, Love You Crazy Girl, Chaahat - Ek Nasha and Riyasat.
Showing photos of "Aryan Vaid"
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2019-04-25T03:47:35Z
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https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Aryan-Vaid
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Arts
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Arts
| 0.906539 |
brandeis
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As always, it was great hearing from everyone. I married Matthew Bernstein on Aug. 25, 2013, at the Westin in Waltham. Many Brandeis alumni were in attendance, including Steve Whitfield, PhD’72, the Max Richter Professor of American Civilization. We enjoyed celebrating back in our hometown with so many friends.
Philip Weintraub and his wife, Rebecca, had a baby girl in October 2012. They look forward to celebrating with their Brandeis friends. Yuval Simchi-Levi married Wendy Link on Aug. 11, 2013, at the Four Seasons Hotel in Boston. He is an assistant district attorney in Manhattan. Wendy is a senior technical designer at Rebecca Minkoff, a designer of handbags, accessories, footwear and apparel in Manhattan. Anna (Rakhman) Hershberger and her husband, Matthew, welcomed their first child, Eli Michael, on July 27, 2013. Eli joins an already full house that includes two cats and a Labradoodle. Edward Greenberg finished the second year of his internal medicine residency at Case Western. For the next three years, he will be conducting cancer research. Stephanie (Steingold) Bressler and Jason Bressler had a beautiful baby boy, Holden Charles, on May 6, 2013. Mom and dad are loving parenthood so far. Aviva Marlin and her husband, Evan, welcomed a son, Gabriel Tobias, on April 11, 2013. Sophie Innerfield ’05 married Nick Balkin on June 22, 2013, in Somerville, Mass. They met at Berklee College of Music, where they both work. Sophie is a project manager, and Nick is a publicist.
WARM EMBRACE: The wedding of Judith Lupatkin ’05 and Matthew Bernstein attracted a large contingent of Brandeisians. Front row, from left: Tamar Senderowicz ’04, Matthew, and Josh Blechner ’04, MA’04. Back row: Sarah Trachtman Blechner ’05, Shanna Nussbaum Goldstein ’05, Samantha Pohl ’05, Judith, Mira Abramsohn ’05, Glenn Prives ’06, Jessica Abramowitz Rachovsky ’05, Genna Singer ’02 and Debra Weiss Alper ’04.
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2019-04-19T00:49:13Z
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http://www.brandeis.edu/magazine/2014/winter/class-notes/2005.html
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Arts
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Home
| 0.258661 |
hgtv
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A Facade Resembling a Fast Food Chain Gets Fancified!
The Villoria family knew they wanted to move into this Oakland neighborhood for the schools and the family-friendly community. They purchased the only house they could afford, bought it as-is, and it needed a lot of work. The inside is now livable, but they haven't had the funds to fix up the front. They are tied closely to their community, and wish they could better represent their block. Their house is the only one with a chain-link fence, a non-existent lawn, and absolutely no color or character. Kimo works as an on-call IT technician, (working all hours of the day with no consistent schedule) while Michelle is an art teacher, and they have 2 kids in school. Their lives are very busy which adds to the reason their front of their house basically looks abandoned. They would love to change that and turn their home into a destination on the block, but they need the Curb Appeal team to give them the jump-start!
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2019-04-25T12:53:58Z
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https://www.hgtv.com/shows/curb-appeal/episodes/a-facade-resembling-a-fast-food-chain-gets-fancified2
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Arts
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Home
| 0.89416 |
wordpress
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The other night I enjoyed an hour or so of reading poetry with our son, Josiah. One of the poems that we read was this gem by John Donne. Like many others, I first read Donne in English 101 in university — in fact, I wrote a paper on Death Be Not Proud.
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2019-04-24T12:12:42Z
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https://yinkahdinay.wordpress.com/category/poetry/
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Arts
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Arts
| 0.945104 |
tamu
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Video from the September 25th, 2009 workshop, “Get Lit” with Dr. Candace Hastings. *If you are requesting this as a workshop for your class, students are encouraged to watch this video before the interactive classroom workshop is given.
We’re going to talk about a lot of things that you probably have already read about a lit review in terms of what it does, what it is, what the purpose is and so forth. And that’s kind of general information.
But then I have a strategy that I think will be pretty practical I hope and show you, "Well, yeah, I know what it is and I know what I’m supposed to do, but how do I do it? And then how when I get all of these sources how to I organize them? And then how do I actually write the darn thing?" Because I think that where a lot of the information is missing.
Your professors can just say do this, do this, do this, in very general terms, but I hopefully will get down into the dirt of it, get our hands dirty, and actually say, "Well how do I, what verbs do I use? How do I put these two sources together?" Okay?
I’m going to tell you that I really didn’t make up any of this on my own; I’d love to take full credit for it but actually what I did was I did two things. There is a wonderful book called They Say, I Say: the Moves of Matter in Academic Writing, and it talks about how to use source material in your writing. It’s actually directed at undergraduates, but I think it’s so helpful and so practical. It’s a book. It’s like about that thin, it’s not big, and it’s not little print or anything, but it even gives you a list of verbs that may be helpful in terms of saying, "Okay Scholar X says" and we’re going to go through some of these in the presentation as well.
Then I found that a lot of times the examples that they give in this book are not helpful to graduate students because they’re not in-depth enough. And also I had a hard time finding examples as well, so I found a literature review that’s in economics, which is not my field. Which I found it would be really better to pick a lit review that wasn’t in my field at all and show you how it could work in any field. Okay? So what I did was I took almost all the examples from this article, “Sociologic Economic Conditions of Poverty Crime.” So what I’ve done is taken this stuff and this stuff and just put it together. Okay?
Well let’s just cover the basics just to get started with the lit review. Well, and that raises a good question because you may be doing a couple of different lit reviews. There are actually two kinds of lit reviews, but basically it’s a comprehensive examination of all of the research and all of the literature done on a particular topic. That’s obvious; you guys probably already know that. Okay? But there are two categories of literature reviews, and I want to break it down because I’m really going to focus more on one category over the other. There are two categories; one is a literature review that contextualizes a research study, and for probably 90% of you, and I’m spit-balling this statistic here, but for about 90% of you, that’s what you’re doing. You’re doing a study; you’re doing a research study, okay, in your dissertation, your thesis, whatever. Okay? Or your professor is doing a study, you know, empirical research or whatever. You are then doing the literature review that justifies the study, correct? Okay? If it’s a journal article, and you’re doing the research, if it’s a dissertation, if it’s a thesis, that’s what you’re doing.
There is one other kind of literature review though, and I think it’s just important to like just touch on it and that is a literature review that is a study in and of itself. Okay? You can actually publish a journal article that is in and of itself a literature review. All right? So, for example, if there is a topic that is very mature, and there is a lot of literature written on it, and it would advance knowledge in the field to do a literature review on it, that would be helpful. There’s also a literature review where it’s a new or emerging topic and it would be helpful to gather all of the literature on this new or emerging topic; that’s suitable as well. The other part that is like helpful too, I’ve seen some literature reviews that combine, if there’s a topic that’s interdisciplinary and nobody has looked at the interdisciplinary part of it, they bring in multiple disciplines on the literature review and advance the knowledge that way. That second one is not really what we’re going to talk about today, but the concepts will apply.
But most of you are guys are in the boat where you have to write a lit review for your dissertation or thesis or a journal article, okay? All right; let’s move on to the next step. What’s the reason? Why would you write a literature review? Well, my professor told me it was part of my dissertation; it’s a chapter in my dissertation. Well what is it for? One, it establishes what is already known about a particular topic. And, two, what methods have been used to research that topic. Okay? And then also, when you’re doing your research, if you don’t do a literature review first, how do you know you’re not duplicating what somebody else has already done? That’s bad because then you go to your chair and you go, ‘Here it is; this is the last six months of my life’s work,’ and they go, ‘Yeah, but Smith did that three years ago. Smith and Wesson did a study that’s very similar to yours, and you know, start over, right? So you don’t want to get in that bind; you want to do your literature review.
It’s a matter of front-end loading versus back-end loading your work; you want to front-end load your work; you don’ t want to reproduce what somebody else has done, unless you are reproducing a study that somebody else has done. A lot of times you use the same methodology and you get different results. In the sciences I think this is done, but you still don’t want exactly the same thing to happen because then you’re just replicating, okay? It also exposes gaps in literature and helps you position your research. In your dissertation or your thesis you’re supposed to come up with something new, right? Okay? Well, how do you know what’s new? How do you know what’s new?
One of the last slides I’m going to show you is how to find the gaps in the research because I think that’s a little difficult. I’ve done several literature reviews, and these are the questions I ask myself. And these are the questions that people ask me. I think the big question is how much literature do I need to look at? I could spend probably the next five years of my life looking at the literature in this field and that’s depressing, you know? So how much, what related ideas do I need to explore, subtopics, or overarching ideas? A lot of times you’re looking at a topic, but that topic has subtopics, correct? Or that subtopic has overarching topics. How do I know, okay, how do I know that I need to go to related ideas? Well you just need to start swimming in the literature and figure it out.
Let me give you an example from my latest lit review. So I’m looking at plagiarism, okay, you know, just the concept of plagiarism, but what I really started with was academic dishonesty. And I realized that that was too big a topic, and I got myself in the literature, and I got myself in a real tangle because there was so much literature on it and I go, ‘How am I going to write about everything? I can’t.’ Okay, is there a bigger topic that I need to look at, or is there a subtopic that I need to look at? And one of the things we were talking about before this started was the idea that you’re trying to decide on your dissertation topic, and then you need to do your literature review. You may swap that: you may go ahead and start the literature review, and then expose a gap in the literature and find your dissertation topic. This is what happened to me and it was really helpful. Is there certain literature that provides a better couch for your study than others? And that’s how you can also discriminate whether you’re going to use a piece of literature in your literature review. And a related question that may be a duplicate question, but more practical for you is, why use a particular instrument for my study, or why use a particular methodology for my study? Okay?
In the hard sciences if you’re looking at laminitis, which is really fascinating to me. If you’re looking at laminitis, scientists have been looking at this for a long time. Have they been looking in a different way at the problem then you’re looking at it. He’s using a new method or approach, so why use a different method? Because the other methods haven’t worked. See what I’m saying? You only know that when you look at the literature, though. What’s been done before to tackle my particular research topic or problem? And the next step is finding the literature, that would be good, you know. Some of you have found too much literature, and we’ll deal with that in a few slides. But finding literature, how do you know you can find. One of the things that I think, and I’m going to show you the details for everyone of these suggestion, but one of the things I think is sorely underutilized is your subject specialist reference librarian. When I talked to the reference librarian and the subject librarians they go, ‘We just want people to come see us, we love to work with people!’ So they’re like waiting for you, their arms outstretched; let me help you. Okay so take advantage of that, it’s free. The other thing that I think is helpful is how do you find then also then good sources? I swim through those databases, the library databases, and I’m completely overwhelmed. How many of you guys find that to be true? I look in there and I do like a search, a topical search; and I get 18,000 hits, and I go through and I go well how do I even know that this is a good source? How do I even know that this is something that will be helpful to me because one of the things in your literature review is you the question asks how much literature do I need to look at?
You’re not going to be able to look at all of the literature if you have a big topic, correct? So how do you know who are the scholars that you really need to cite? And really you want the big players; you don’t need to mess with the little guys; you want the big scholars, the big players in your field, correct? I don’t’ know about you guys but when I first research a topic who the big players are, do you? I don’t know who the big players are. Ah, but Google does. If you go to scholar.google.com it is not comprehensive. Your databases, your library databases are a lot more comprehensive than this, but as a starting point, these articles come up, these books come up. And right here it says cited by and there’s a number; this says citied by 45, so that’s 45 other scholarly sources cited that source. So if your overwhelmed with the amount of literature you’re looking at, you only want to find the big players in the field right? So if it says cited by two, which that would be my journal article, you may not want to use it. But if it says by cited by 60, cited by 200, right? Then you go “ahhhh,” maybe this person is somebody that people are talking to and talking about. And all your doing is your tapping in to the conversation and your trying to find a place for you to join the conversation, you’re trying to find a little hole for you to fit into. Alright? This is a real quick and dirty way of finding the sources very quickly. Once your very familiar with the big name players in your field, the people that are talking the most, the most respected, the most controversial, whatever, whatever your actually looking for, then go back to the library database, then you can do your searches, your searches then can be much more refined because maybe you just want to find all the articles from Donald Mckay because he’s the biggest player in academic dishonesty research that you can find. Then your going to find related articles to that article, see how it all kinds of webs together? You can find dissertations written on your topic from your department from Texas A&M just like that. Okay. Why is this helpful? I wanted to find out, I wanted to read dissertations supervised by my chair and other members of my committee. Now that’s a little bit outside of the literature review but you understand why I might want to do that? I want to know what they’re going to be looking for, what’ they’ve signed off on, that kind of thing. I also want to know what a dissertation in my department looks like, okay? Now, there are all kinds of methodologies you may be using you may find you may go ahead and look for a dissertation or a thesis with even the methodology and so forth, there’s a lot of things. But at the very minimum, to bring it back to the topic were talking about today you could look at a dissertation from you’re department and your field and look at the literature review and see what It looks like. Particularly those where your chair or your committee members have supervised those other students. See what it looks like, see what your committee members are going to expect because lets be honest you guys you know your committee members sign the paperwork, correct? Right? They do. And, and, and you want to be in line with there expectations okay?
Alright. So what you do here is you just go to the library, just the home page you pick up the database one, it says search for databases, and it says Proquest dissertation so you can look for school: Texas A&M University. You can look for the terms in the abstract or you can actually look for the terms used in the document text, so your topic end, did anybody at Texas A&M in my department or whatever at Texas A&M, write a dissertation with this topic used in the text? I think that this is astronomically helpful and a lot of people don’t know about it. And it’s a way to do your homework before you do your homework. Aright where are we now? We know we have to do a lit review, we have gone to the library databases, looked at the subject librarians. We actually have stacks and stacks and stacks of printed pdf files in our house in our car in the back seat. How do you wade through all of that stuff especially if you have a lot of it? Okay so the deal is you want to find out what scholars are saying about your topic, and we already know how to find the good ones, the big players, Google Scholar. What are the ongoing debates or conversations on your topic? Okay? Is anybody talking about your topic at all? Okay and if they aren’t why? And that’s something to think about in terms of making choices, and if people are talking, whose talking and what are they talking about? This also helps you organize your information you have a copious amount of information when you’re doing your literature review. You have lots of information and Brandy and I were talking about this earlier, that we gathered all the information then we took a break from the literature review and when we went back we had no idea where to start again because we had forgotten everything that was in every article. We didn’t really forget, but we kind of did because you almost have to be concentrating on that topic intently. You have to be thinking about it and thinking about it and you go okay what does so and so say and what does so and so say and what does so and so say okay? So what are the ongoing debates within your topic and it may be if your in the hard sciences it may be about methodology, why does this methodology work better than this methodology? Well this study was done but it didn’t do any good, and if your in education there’s a lot of theories in education, education, they love theories well the theory is this, well this theory may not be adequate, does this theory work? Theory, theory, theory, right?
What ideas do you agree with? ‘Oh my gosh this guy just has all the answers, you know? This is perfect, whatever I do, he gets it, or she gets it and I’m going to follow that.’ And hopefully once you do a lot of reading you go ‘oh no, no no no, that would never work; I can see why they haven’t solved the problem because they’re not looking at it in the right way’ correct? And then, this is probably the most important question if you’re looking to the literature: what hasn’t been said about your topic? Because really what you’re trying to do is find your little niche. What are you going to right about? What are you going to study? You don’t want to say something that’s just been replicated. Organizing the writing of your literature review is probably the most difficult thing that your going to tackle, I think, you know? ‘I’ve got all these articles and I’ve read them all and I don’t know where to start? I have a couple of suggestions. You probably have good sense of where the conversation is you know you’ve done all this work, you’ve done all the reading, you probably have a sense that this scholar doesn’t agree with this scholar and this researcher used this methodology but didn’t accomplish what you think could be accomplished with this methodology. Or maybe its been looked at in this way but not in this way and you think that this would really solve the problem because somebody else looked at the problem this way. I was helping a student with her thesis, and she is doing a study of what’s called “bull switching” in a waterbuck herd. Basically they bring in a male for breeding season. They only want one breeding season to help with the health of the water bucks and the survival of the calves, so what they do though to keep the herd in tact is they take the bull, bring him in to this breeding season, then remove the bull and bring in a vasectomized male for these waterbucks, okay? Well she had to do two things: she had to research bull switching in other species because it had never been done in the waterbuck species, and she was observing the animals in a semi-natural environment as opposed to the wild, as opposed to a zoo. She was looking at it a Fossil Rim Park, which is a semi-natural environment where they don’t want you to interfere with the natural wildlife, but they do some interference, right? She found literature on, you know, bull switching in waterbucks, she found no literature in bull switching in semi-natural environments, she found no literature…you know what I’m mean? This is really great research that’s she’s doing, but doing the literature review was very very difficult because what she had to do was pull from other areas and say okay, ‘what work has been done on animals in semi-natural environments?’ Pull that in. It seems almost unrelated doesn’t? But she had to do it because there was nothing in her field. What about breeding, what about breeding in semi-natural environments? You see she had to look at all of these things. Once she got that together though she said, well how do I talk about it right? Her problem is probably not your problem, her problem is that she had to really stretch on the lit review. For most of you guys, you’re going to have too much literature on your topic. So how do you organize it? Well one of the ways you can organize your lit review, and your going to have a little overlap, but one is to look at the materials sequentially, what happened first, what happened second, what happened third. In Ed. psych sometimes this is helpful because well they used to think, you know, researchers did this experiment and they used to think that students did this in this way. But now research shows it’s very current, you know your always looking the current stuff, the new stuff, research shows now that this works better, okay? So sequential is not a bad way to go because you look back at what’s done before. It won’t be all of your lit review though, you know, and it may not be applicable to your lit review at all. Sequence may not matter, okay? What may matter is topics, so you look at your topics and your sub-topics and you go topical, okay? Maybe you want to talk about research in semi-natural environments. Doe-switching in semi-natural environments. So you’re looking at all of your sub-topics so that it makes sense when you get to the end that your reader understands why you’re doing the research your doing, okay? Topical. You’re going to do some topical no matter what. Methodological. No other strategy has worked. They’ve tried this, they’ve tried this, they’ve tried looking at it quantitatively, they’ve done bootstrap analysis, they’ve done regression, they’ve done qualitative studies, they’ve done this, they’ve done this, they’ve done all kinds of this, nothing works but my method will. See. And theoretical. This is mostly for the education people and the social sciences. Theory, theory, theory, this theory, this theory, this theory. I don’t think that you’re going to use one or the other; I think you’re going to use a mixture of maybe all four of those, but it’s a way to get started. So lets get rid of all of this stuff, okay? You’ve got PDFs everywhere. You know what they say, but you’re kind of confused. Put them down, put them over here. I’ve got three articles that talk about this topic, I’ve got four articles that talk about this topic, and I’ve have one article that debunks all of those articles. So then you have something to write about. You can write at least a couple of pages, and you guys, you don’t have to write the lit review in one day; if you try to do that you will…don’t know what you’ll do. Take it little bitty steps at a time; see what you can do in one sitting, and then move on and then move on, and then move on.
Think about okay, what do they say? What do they say? This is what we’re going to do; this is where that they-say-I-say thing comes in. What do they say, the scholars, how do I agree or disagree with them okay? Okay what are the experts in the field say about x? You can say the results of Hester’s study contradict the findings of Smith. What are common place opinions on x? Most experts believe that the stock market will continue to weaken over the next six months. What do others, what do scholars imply or assume? Sometimes my opponents assume that most young women simply don’t want to play sports at the collegiate level. This is from a lit review that I did for a journal article, and then what I said was they assumed it but its not true because of the methods they used to research. What are both sides of the argument? Well this scholar says this, and this scholar says this. That’s where you start you guys. That’s where you start your literature review. Don’t think about anything else but that at this particular point. What do they say?
Now I didn’t put any citations in here of course you’re going to cite your sources.
I’m going to show you, this is from the economics piece. This is an example from a real journal article, a real lit review that starts with one of those standard statements and then leads to placing that statement into the larger conversation. And it says, ‘Economist Shelly associated absolute poverty -I left out some of the stuff- to the individuals expected benefits from legal and illegal activity. Therefore, absolute poverty may create the perception that one skill is relatively more productive than criminal activity. That’s a general statement. Look at the transition then. In addition now all I’ve done is, you know you make a general statement – this is like standard thought in the field. Now I’m getting into my lit review and I’m going to say okay, now I’m going to add a detail to that general statement and I’m going to use Lot. In addition, Lot postulates that the poor are more likely to engage in criminal activity… yada yada yada, and what am I don’t here? Basically I’m then shifting, I’m saying okay this scholar is saying this. Your looking at now both sides of the topic, or all sides of the topic, and you’re saying okay this is the general thought about this, this is what the scholar says about this, but this scholar says this. Okay? Easy, just using transition words, general statement leading to…now you’ve got two sources out of the way. You only have about 50 or 60 more. No big deal. I’m just kidding. Now what you can do is now what I’m doing is, however, and I’ve randomly excerpted these from the article so don’t feel that you don’t understand the article because we’re not going in order at all, okay? The author of this lit review says this stop in contrast, I’m switching directions here, in contrast to these views, other researchers hypothesized that community and family structure linked to property crime only if they are associated with relative poverty. General statement correct? For example, now I get to use a source again.
A literature review is not an annotated bibliography, because annotated bibliographies do not position the literature, okay? They just state what the literature says. Your job on a literature review is to position the literature and show that you understand the conversation, okay? That’s the difference. That’s a really good question. Actually doing an annotated bibliography is not a bad way to start your literature review. It is a way to stay organized but the annotated bibliography is the first step in gathering the information and summarizing it. Then the next step would be placing it within the conversation, okay? Meta-analysis has a different meaning in the sciences in terms of like; really you’re talking about a lot of studies and then dong a statistical analysis. But what I mean here is just looking at all of the literature all of the little sources they all basically say the same things or they’ve tackled the same topic in the same way. This is from the economics article. Here’s the statement: empirical results from crime studies generally support a positive relationship between absolute poverty or relative poverty and property crime rates. Now what he has done in this article is all of the sources that this author has cited here, they all have empirical studies, they’ve all written articles, they’ve all done empirical studies that result, you know, the conclusion is that there is a positive relationship between absolute poverty and property crime rates, okay? So when you say how much literature should I have if all of these people have done the same study or similar studies and they’ve drawn the same conclusions this is how you site it; however, empirical support has positive effects is not universal. Not every scholar or researcher has found this to be true. Gillespie evidently did not, either that or Gillespie is countering this argument in Gillespie’s research. So once you’ve gotten the breadth and once you’ve done the annotated bibliography you can see this pretty easy. You know, it’s going to come together for you after that. How then to attribute the sources? Now, all of you are from very different areas. Some of you are going to use IEEE, that’s an engineering style. Some of you will be using MLA or APA, some of you will use a journal article and basing your citation style on that journal article, I can’t make any given statements about exactly how to cite your work. The piece that I’m using is using APA. It’s from economics, social sciences, so that works and sociology, but what I can tell you is when you’re using source material there are two ways of attributing the source, and I think this gets to your question. One, you either use the scholar’s name in the text, or you use the scholar’s name in the citation, one or the other. Those are two choices. Pretty easy, okay? My first one says scholar x, and now here’s a list of verbs you could even use. Scholar x acknowledges, argues, believes, claims, concedes, demonstrates, disagrees. That’s a whole list of verbs you could use any of those, they’re free. Take them; use them, no big deal. That’s used in social sciences more because if you’re talking about theories there will be a person or a scholar associated with that theory, does that make sense? If you’re in the hard sciences, a lot of times that is going to come in the next one – attributing sources within the citation, ‘transformation learning,’ although that’s not the example I used, but ‘transformational learning creates an opportunity for learners to experience the life changing moment that will change their life views’ (Smith 1987).
A lot of times when you’re talking about sciences you’re talking about this methodology was used in this research yada yada yada. Maybe you’re using the passive voice, I don’t know, and you’ll put the citation at the end. Some of you use the miracle citation, the science citations where you use the one, two, three and you just go back to the one every time you refer to that source. There are all kinds of ways to cite materials, but there are only two ways to attribute in the text or in the citation, one or the other. Yeah that’s a really good question; what I think is you’re going to need to use common sense because what’s most important is that the reader understands where that information comes from. So if you have a paragraph and it’s coming from three different sources, if it’s a meta-analysis: they’re all saying the same thing they’re all the same results you can put it at the end, right? But if you’re mixing it up and you’re talking about this idea or this result and then you’re going to another one, put the citation right after the sentence. And then go on to the next idea. Put the citation right after the sentence and then so on. Because what’s really important is you don’t want to deceive the reader regarding where that information came from, it could really mess you up, like I said if it’s a meta-analysis you wait until the end. If it’s one source and one paragraph then it’s pretty clear that all of that information came from the same source; you can usually go ahead and wait for it at the end. If you are in the social sciences, what I do, just to make it really clear, in education, social sciences, humanities, history, those kinds of topics, I then say scholar x says yada yada yada yada, okay? If you’re in the hard sciences you may not be using scholars names to be referring to your literature, then you’re going to want to wait until then end, but I want to make it clear to my reader that this is so and so’s theory, okay? If you use quotations a lot of you guys won’t be using quotations, but if you do use quotations here are some really easy ways for entering, just attributing, your quotations, okay? Scholar x states, says, writes, complains, and then the example is yada yada and then the scholar y disagrees saying humma humma. You can also go back to that list of verbs and put any of those verbs that are appropriate. Definitely don’t want to throw a quotation out there and let the reader interpret it. The burden of proof, the burden of the explaining the quotation is on the writer not the reader. She goes ‘this is a really cool quote, it says everything I wanted to say, it’s so important, I have to use, it its brilliant,’ okay? After you say it or before you say it you’re going to want to explain it. Well you know this is a lot of information, a lot. How do I guide my reader through all of this information because it’s pretty easy to throw the literature in here, but it’s really difficult to make your reader understand the way it goes, you need a road map, right? Like that’s what we were talking about the however, now turning directions, in contrast, in addition I’m going the same direction, however I’m changing directions, therefore I’m drawing a conclusion. You got to guide your reader, okay, because if your reader gets lost and your reader is your chair you’re starting over. So I have three ways of doing this when I write, okay? And I think these are pretty helpful. You can use pointing words, first of all you want your topics to flow together, but that’s what we were talking about sequential methodological and those kinds of things. Now we’re getting down to the sentence level stuff rather than the paragraph level stuff or the page level stuff, now we’re getting down to the sentence level stuff: pointing words, transitions and conjunctive adverbs. Using pointing words, pointing words are for back to a concept you’ve discussed in the previous sentence. You want your reader to know that you’re really still talking about the same idea, but you want to avoid ambiguity sometimes if you use the word this, these, your reader doesn’t know what this is referring to. If you use it alone it should be absolutely clear what idea your pointer is referring to, you can name the pointer as follows to eliminate confusion. So if you’re talking about the debate between scholars on this topic, you could say this led to yada yada yada, but ‘this’ is not clear what it refers to, you could say ‘this debate,’ ‘this argument,’ ‘this methodological process,’ you know? Whatever you’re talking about in the previous sentence use a pointer to carry your reader in that direction, okay? This debate is not settled because each of these theories has both empirical support and opposition and then the citations. Alright, I’m going to just show you a couple of transitions and just somethings that you could do, and I got this from the lit review from the economics piece. In contrast to, great transition, in addition to, all of these things guide your reader, ‘oh now I’m changing direction,’ ‘I’m going the same direction,’’ I’m drawing a conclusion.’ You need to pretend that your reader is not very bright. That’s what my professor told me, he goes, ‘you’re really making a lot of assumptions about how bright your reader is.’ And I was like, ‘Well I thought so.’ No, make a road map; make it explicit where you’re going. Now I’m changing direction; other authors claim that absolute relative poverty has only conditionalized property crime. So I’m going through here and contrasting his views and theories postulating relationship between absolute relative poverty and property crime yada yada and this is what everybody thinks. But other authors claim that they only have conditional links to property crime, and I’m proving that by citing the literature on that. I like this example because this debate looks at both content and method and sometimes you will be looking at disagreeing with the content and the method of what’s going on. This debate, the pointing word right, is not settled because each of these theories has both empirical support and opposition, you saw that before. Even Canter and Lance’s attempt to combine these opposing views, like ok, their is support and opposition. Now there’s a study done that tries to combine the support and the opposition but Hale and Sabba criticized Canter and Lance’s methodology in their study.
That’s getting down to the detail isn’t it? If you get this far down into the argument you are almost ready to take your place in the conversation correct? You know enough about it to know where the controversies are what’s been done, what’s not been done, and now look what your topic is going to be, okay? Finally, the point of the lit review is to get to your dissertation topic or your thesis topic or your journal topic your justifying it, okay? I’ve looked at everything; I know everything that’s out there; I’m telling you everything that’s out there. You’re an educated reader and you guys I’m going to tell you something about your committee members. Your committee members know usually a lot about the topic, but they may not know everything about every theory that you’ve looked at and considered so you need to be explicit about that. I knew that I had to be very explicit in my literature review because I was making the assumption that all of my committee members knew everything about everything that I was doing. They don’t because you probably have an expertise because you’ve been spending so much time on that one tiny topic. It’s very important to realize that, okay? So now you’re going to place yourself in the conversation. Your voice is going to be a part of the conversation and then you’re going to show how you build from all these ideas to justify your own topic. Okay, so we’ve talked a lot about what other people say, as you do your literature review what do you say? Well theory works. I like what you said, you said ‘well they haven’t been using the right methodology and that’s why they haven’t gotten to the root of the problem and I’m justifying my study that way,’ piece of cake easy, alright? How do I agree with this scholar about this topic but with a difference? How do I disagree with this scholar? You guys I’m using the term scholar but really if you’re in the sciences more than like you’re going to talk about studies. I disagree with this study because they didn’t look at this. I disagree with this study because they left out this variable; this methodology, this statistical, they didn’t choose the right statistical method to analyze that data. But if we take the same data and we look at it a different way, it’s going to yield a better result. Do you have something that you’re going to have to give up? Is there a point that you’re going to have to give up? There are some things where I said, well I would love to do this but that is not possible, so I’m doing this because it’s as close as you’re going to get to that. How do you justify a short study or whatever? And then how do impart the importance of my argument? You should be passionate about what you’re doing.
The other thing you’re going to want to do is draw conclusions. So you put yourself in the argument and then you draw conclusions and say this is what I’m going to do I’ve looked at all of the literature these are my parameters and strengths and this is what I’m going to do. This is another way to get yourself in there; exposing the inadequacies of the current theory the empirical literature on the impact of local crime rates is not as decisive as these theories would suggest. Gosh, you know, the conclusions are not that great maybe there is a new study out there waiting to happen.
And then sometimes you just have to yank a gap in the research. Sometimes you find a gap in the research; sometimes you have to make a gap. Here’s how you make a gap the theoretical literature does not support a particular relationship between property crime and socio-economic conditions limited by the particular theory and related variables chosen for analysis. The empirical literature often provides support to opposing theories, so what you’re saying is the theoretical literature, there’s not really consistency there, and the empirical literature also shows – has different results, so hmm what am I going to do for my study? Maybe I’ll come up with a new theory or maybe I’ll find a theory that has not been looked at and tie it to empirical studies. This is where you kind of think, you play with it, you lay it out on the table and you say what’s not been done and where are the holes?
Sometimes you just find that things haven’t been studied and that’s so awesome, okay? Not analyzing cross sectional data times series studies, empirical evidence on inflation effect is meager, is meager, it’s not out there. Tada! I have a dissertation topic, right? I have a journal article just waiting to be written because I’ve done all the literature review and I’m brilliant. Position your research, if you’re doing a journal article, if you’re doing a thesis, what your doing is your exposing all the gaps then you go put yourself in right in that gap, right in the hole, okay? Sweet spot. If contextual situational issues play a significant role in determining the level of academic integrity in their classes as McCabe asserts, and I’ve spent in this particular piece, I spent several paragraphs proving that point, I didn’t just make it up, you know? Then faculty are an important part of the academic integrity equation. Research on faculty perspectives on cheating in general and plagiarism in particular few and far between citing a bunch of people. There are four, draw a conclusion, I’m placing myself in the research, nothing happening in the research on this topic people. Therefore it is the goal of my dissertation to focus on the insights, views and perceptions of the faculty that are often forgotten component of research studies on plagiarism. I just justified my topic, right? To gain greater insight into how faculty view plagiarism in their classes and more importantly how they exist and teach. Now I’ve got my research questions as well in the second half of that sentence we’ve looked at this in a macro way, but then we’ve gotten down and looked at the very fine details about how to write this thing. We spent a brief time talking about actually how to pull this off, but I’m not going to lie, it’s a lot of work, you know? And you’re going to find times when you get really frustrated. And you’re going to find times when you go I’m so overwhelmed or underwhelmed because I can’t find a darn thing on this, you know, that I just don’t know how I’m going to, you know, move on. Just breathe, that’s my advice, just breathe, and try not to tackle everything in one day. Say I’m going to work on this topic today, or I’m going to work on finding a source that will tell me. I’m going to find that source that’s going tell me my three-month study is adequate, you know? Or I’m going to find this study that’s going to help my find this, or I’m going to put together all of the arguments like against this way of doing things. That’s a good days work don’t you think? That’s a whole days work right there if you do that, take the next step, the next stair, the next week, the next step the next day. It’s daunting, and if you don’t break down the task it tends to be blocking. You get so overwhelmed with it that you have…your blocked. Back up, breathe, use just some specific strategies from this and go, one, I’m going to do one thing here. Now when you get to step nine or ten you may go back to step one, I’m going to redo step one, but at least you’ve already gone that far okay? You know, don’t give up. Thanks for coming sure appreciate it.
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2019-04-25T21:08:38Z
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http://writingcenter.tamu.edu/Students/Writing-Speaking-Guides/Alphabetical-List-of-Guides/Academic-Writing/Literature-Reviews
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Arts
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Reference
| 0.135233 |
tripod
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Sam's thoughts: "What the heck have I gotten myself into!"
.Sam's thinking: "Why Mordor? Why couldn't Sauron have created this stupid ring where it would be easy to get rid of it!
Sam finds "Rosie loves Legolas" carved on a tree trunk.
Sam catches Gollum during a private moment.
Sam surprises Pippin and Merry one morning.
Oh My The Rangers have left behind potatoes; Taters at last.
`A nice pickle we have landed ourselves in, Mr. Frodo!' Sam said.
"Oh no, one of my Hobbit ears is coming unglued!"
"Did I remember to turn off the stove before we left home?"
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2019-04-24T18:38:26Z
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http://mjbphotos.tripod.com/caption0710/
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Arts
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Home
| 0.451494 |
libsyn
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Yes... its the mother of cliffhangers!
For the music on tonights show I am grateful to Soccershout, Bitjobs for the Masses, Green Dragon, Tartan Podcast and of course Three from Leith. All of these great podcasters helped me source the music this week which comes from the Podsafe Music Network and was...Death Cab for Cutie singing Title and Registration and Team Salt with Roundabouts.
We are already preparing the 7th and final lecture on Chapter 2 of the Lotus Sutra for the next show! Don't forget, if you have an experience or feedback or just want to say hello, drop us a line at jason@thejarretts.com or karen@thejarretts.com.
Thank you to everyone for your support and encouragement. Have a truly fantastic week!
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2019-04-22T15:03:59Z
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http://abuddhistpodcast.libsyn.com/webpage/2006/06
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Arts
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Sports
| 0.87645 |
wordpress
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Today I come to a controversial subject and one which divides people like no other…bagpipes.
Once upon a time someone thought “Its a pity to waste this animal’s stomach, why don’t we shove a couple of hollow reeds in it and see if we can make a noise” And so the bagpipe was born and I bet my last chocolate biscuit people have been arguing about the resulting sound ever since.
As far as I can see they come in two types, one where the bag is inflated by pumping and the other by blowing. My eldest goddaughter (Hi Lyndz) playing Northumberland pipes where she inflates the bag by means of some sort of bellows she works under one arm…don’t ask me for details, I can’t carry a tune in a bucket, but I have enormous respect for anyone who can make music.
On the other hand, Scots and Irish pipes are inflated by the pipers blowing into the bag.
Either way, the music comes when the air is squeezed out of the tubes. That the full extent of my grasp of the technical details.
How either of them manage to squeeze, blow and run their fingers up and down the holes in the reeds is a mystery to me, but thank god they can, because I love both versions, it sends shivers down my spine and brings a lump to my throat. I will admit I prefer Northumberland pipes in a confines space as the other sort can make the wax in your ears melt if they are played close by.
My Faran mercenaries love the sound of the pipes with one single exception. Stopping his pipers play is on of Lord Darach’s chief objects in life and as he is the boss, he gets his own way much of the times, but even he can’t stop them all the time.
“The Lord of the Faran Hills” is now live on Amazon.
The soldiers in the book are mercenaries, but before you recoil in horror, its worth remembering not all soldiers of fortune are without merit.
Our own much loved Brigade of Gurkhas are technically mercenaries, they are foreign nationals we employ to fight for us and they are the pattern of honourable service I used for my troops.
Farans might fight because they are paid to fight, but that is all they do, they don’t turn on the civilian population causing as much or even more misery than the supposed enemy, unlike the many examples who ravaged Europe during the 14th and 15thC.
When fighting is your profession, you obviously take a keen interest in developments in the tools of your trade. At the beginning of the book Lord Darach and his men rely on swords, crossbows and the pike, they know about “gonnes”, they just aren’t convinced about their reliability or flexibility, but when offered the advancement of the musket, they will be among the first of their kind to exploit its potential.
I am very pleased to say my next book “The Lord of the Faran Hills” will be available on Amazon Kindle in the next few days (possibly hours).
“When Aulay Fitzgellis allowed himself to be talked into rebellion against his brother the king, it never cross his mind he might not win.
Now the only thing keeping his head on his shoulders is the leader of the mercenaries who defeated him.
I’ve had a lot of fun writing this, loads of research on muskets and how an army works on the march. I also got to play a wargame while I worked out how a siege. I must thank my lovely husband for the loan of his model castle – yes, -I know I moaned like hell when you monopolised the dining room table while you were building it, but I didn’t know then how useful it was going to be.
If you give the book a try, let me know what you think, I love to hear from readers.
I do love a bit of research and my next book “The Lord of the Faran Hills” required a fair bit of it. Admittedly being married to a military historian does mean a lot of it can be done by shouting “Hey, babe” through the connecting wall and waiting for the answer, but some it has to have a bit more hands on experience…okay, not so much of the hands on, no fool was actually going to allow me to handle a matchlock musket, but I got shown a great deal and not just on You Tube…black powder smells delicious by the way, just like flowers.
But, having said that, here is an excellent film on how it is done. The noise is terrific.
The book is set at a time when armies are beginning to evolve into the sort of fighting units which is more familiar to modern eyes. The pikeman and the bow and the primitive goone will soon give way to the matchlock musket and in time will give way to the flintlock. In the book, as in Europe in the later Middle Ages, mercenaries are first with any new military development, they can afford it, and my Faran Lord will be the first of his kind to acquire muskets.
Below is a picture the type of weapon in the book. To be honest, I have cut out a couple of stages of weapon evolution to get to the more exciting stage, but they are using scouring rods, match cord and putting the ball and the wad down the barrel ( showing off technical knowledge here).
I’d love to hear from anyone also interested in early weaponry, so stick any thoughts you have in the comments.
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2019-04-20T21:14:48Z
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https://kentishmaid.wordpress.com/tag/adventure/
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Arts
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Reference
| 0.278013 |
foxsports
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Maxime Talbot finally got his name on the score sheet as a member of the Colorado Avalanche.
Talbot scored the tying goal and set up the go-ahead score 54 seconds later in the second period to propel the Avalanche to a 3-2 win over the Calgary Flames on Friday.
It was Talbot’s first goal in 16 games with the Avalanche since being acquired from the Philadelphia Flyers on Oct. 31 for forward Steve Downie.
"It’s about time. I waited a lot of games for this," Talbot said. "After this goal, you have 50 pounds off your shoulders."
Colorado tied the game 1-all by capitalizing on a mistake by Calgary goalie Karri Ramo, who had been superb until that point.
Ramo was playing the puck behind the net, and his soft backhand pass intended for T.J. Brodie was intercepted by John Mitchell. He zipped a pass to Talbot who had an empty net to shoot at with 2 minutes left in the period.
"I just played it to the wrong side. I should have played it to the backhand," Ramo said. "They got momentum and scored three goals, so it was a big game-changing moment there."
Talbot made a terrific play on the same shift as the Avalanche took the lead for good.
He muscled defenseman Chris Butler off the puck with an aggressive forecheck and took the puck to the net, drawing Ramo toward him before sliding a pass to a wide-open P.A. Parenteau, who made it 2-1.
"Even if you take away the goal and the assist from my game tonight, that’s the best I’ve felt with the Avs," Talbot said. "I had good legs, I was strong on the forecheck. I may not score every night, but being first on pucks is what I should be doing and tonight I was doing it, so it feels good and I need to keep building on that."
Talbot plays an integral role for Colorado regardless of whether he’s scoring or not.
"I’m so happy for Max. When you score, you feel such relief," coach Patrick Roy said. "He’s been playing hard. He’s been playing big minutes for us, penalty killing — that line tonight was really good."
Avalanche rookie Nathan MacKinnon scored his sixth goal to round out the scoring for Colorado, which bounced back after getting routed 8-2 on Thursday night in Edmonton.
"It was really important. We talked about it this morning as a team, about learning from the game last night and putting it behind us, and that’s exactly what we did," Talbot said.
Kris Russell and Matt Stajan scored for Calgary, which had won two straight.
"It’s a disappointing loss," captain Mark Giordano said. "We weren’t moving like we were in the first and they capitalized on some breakdowns. We’ve got to find a way not to give up those close goals."
Jean-Sebastien Giguere made 26 stops to improve to 7-0-0 and continue his outstanding season as Semyon Varlamov’s backup. It was Giguere’s second victory against the Flames, having stopped 30 of 32 shots in a 3-2 win at Denver on Nov. 8.
"The guys did everything that they were asked to do tonight and it makes everybody’s game so much easier," Giguere said. "We played well, kept most of it on the outside. I was able to see the pucks really well tonight. I was able to freeze it and not give up too many rebounds and when there was a rebound, guys were battling in front."
Ramo, coming off consecutive starts in which he gave up just one goal, made 22 saves and fell to 4-5-1.
On the heels of impressive wins over Los Angeles and Phoenix, Flames coach Bob Hartley was disappointed with how the game got away from his club.
"Those two goals really set us back on our heels," he said. "In the third period, they scored that early goal and then it was tough to play catch-up hockey."
Colorado surged in front 3-1 at 2:28 of the third period on the third goal in four games for MacKinnon.
Calgary was on the rush but when Lee Stempniak’s stick broke on his shot attempt, the Avalanche headed back up ice and Gabriel Landeskog found MacKinnon alone at the side of the net for the score.
The Flames got a late goal from Stajan when he redirected Mike Cammalleri’s pass in with 1:55 left.
Calgary scored the only goal of the first period, connecting on the power play at 7:01.
With Stempniak providing the screen, Russell’s slap shot from the blue line found the corner behind Giguere, who was upset after the play, saying Stempniak had interfered with him.
Giguere was so mad he shoved the net over, drawing an unsportsmanlike conduct penalty.
NOTES: LW Lane MacDermid made his Flames debut. MacDermid was acquired Nov. 22 from Dallas for a sixth-round draft pick. … Missing for Calgary was C Joe Colborne (flu) and LW Brian McGrattan (lower body). … Not in the lineup for Colorado was D Jan Hejda (knee), who was hurt in the loss to the Oilers. … A perfect 17-0-0 when scoring first, the Avalanche improved to 3-7-0 when allowing the first goal.
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2019-04-21T08:44:25Z
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https://www.foxsports.com/nhl/story/colorado-avalanche-edge-calgary-flames-120613
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Arts
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Sports
| 0.740336 |
unc
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Q: Will the UNC Immigration Clinic represent me in a matter?
A: The Immigration Clinic can only accept cases that are referred to us by an organization or agency with which we have a referral agreement. We do not handle any direct intake from clients who are seeking assistance.
Q: Will the Immigration Clinic give me legal advice?
A: The Immigration Clinic can only give legal advice to individuals and groups who are clients of the clinic.
Q: If the Immigration Clinic cannot help me, do you know of any other legal service resources that may be able to help me?
A: Yes. Please see our Resources section.
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2019-04-21T16:20:11Z
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http://www.law.unc.edu/academics/clinic/immigration/faq/
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Arts
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Reference
| 0.805637 |
libsyn
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CHRISTIANA JACKSON is here! The issue of gun control still rages in America, even when we are just getting knife attacked. Christiana sits in for Chris, and brings in a video from Cosmopolitan Magazine where women confront their boyfriends about owning guns. Jesse brings in a video sweeping the internet called "Evan" about school shootings. Sit back, have a blast and try not to get triggered on this one!
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2019-04-25T18:12:28Z
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http://podawful.libsyn.com/gun-control-couples-talk-about-gun-ownership-vs-evan-cringe-vs-cringe
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Arts
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Kids
| 0.285858 |
europa
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Nosocomial infections and antimicrobial resistance are two special health issues listed in Annex 1 of Commission Decision 2000/96/EC of 22 December 1999 on the communicable diseases to be progressively covered by the Community network under Decision No 2119/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council.
Nosocomial infections correspond to infections acquired in hospitals. The term “Healthcare-associated infections” is now preferred because it includes not only infections acquired in hospitals, but also in other settings where healthcare is provided, e.g. long-term care facilities, nursing homes, home care, etc.
Microorganisms – also called microbes – include bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites.
Antiparasital drugs (active against malaria and other infections due to parasites).
Antimicrobial resistance, i.e. being resistant to one or several antimicrobials used for therapy or prophylaxis, is not a disease but a characteristic that may apply, as a matter of principle, to each of the microorganisms responsible for the communicable diseases listed in Commission Decision 2000/96/EC and for nosocomial and other healthcare-associated infections.
Antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms, including multidrug-resistant types, are often responsible for healthcare-associated infections, but they are also responsible for infections in patients outside hospitals and can be found as part of the normal bacterial flora of healthy individuals, in pet animals and in the environment. They are also responsible for infections and isolated from food-producing animals and sometimes isolated from foods.
Conversely, many healthcare-associated infections are caused by microorganisms that are not resistant to antimicrobials. The two concepts are thus really quite separate, but for historical and professional reasons they are often dealt with together.
Antimicrobial resistance is the ability of a microorganism (e.g., a bacterium, a virus, or a parasite, such as the malaria parasite) to resist the action of an antimicrobial agent.
It is an adaptation of the microorganism to its environment.
Any use of an antimicrobial forces microorganisms to either adapt or die.
It is the microorganisms that colonise and sometimes infect humans and animals which become resistant to antimicrobials, not the humans or animals themselves. Humans and animals do not become resistant to antimicrobial treatments, but bacteria and other microorganisms can.
Antimicrobial resistance results in a reduction or elimination of effectiveness of the antimicrobial agent to cure or prevent infection due to this microorganism.
For bacteria, antibiotic resistance is the ability of bacteria to resist to the action of an antibiotic.
Bacteria have antibiotic resistance when specific antibiotics have lost their ability to kill or stop their growth.
Some bacteria are naturally resistant to certain antibiotics (intrinsic or inherent resistance).
A more worrying problem is when some bacteria that are normally susceptible to antibiotics become resistant as a result of adaptation through genetic change (acquired resistance).
Additionally, within the body of a human being, the genes coding for antibiotic resistance in one species of bacteria can easily spread to other bacterial species through an exchange of genetic material.
In the continuous fight for “ecological space”, all resistant bacteria are selected as the antibiotic kills the still-susceptible bacteria around them.
All antibiotic-resistant bacteria survive in the presence of the antibiotic and continue to grow and multiply causing longer illness or even death.
Infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria may require more care as well as alternative and more expensive antibiotics, which also may have more severe side effects. Treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacteria may also require intravenous antibiotics given in hospitals instead of oral antibiotics that could be taken by patients at home.
Once established in a person, antibiotic-resistant bacteria can spread to another person and a high antibiotic consumption in a population (hospital or community) strongly favours such spread.
Multidrug resistance corresponds to resistance of a microorganism to multiple antimicrobials.
This issue of multidrug resistance is relevant for all microorganisms, including bacteria responsible for healthcare-associated infections, microorganisms responsible for food- and waterborne infections, tuberculosis, and microorganisms responsible for sexually-transmitted diseases, e.g. gonorrhoea and HIV.
The challenge with multidrug-resistant microorganisms lies in the limited number of remaining options (if any) for therapy of patients infected with these microorganisms.
Spread and cross-transmission of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms between humans, between animals, and between humans and animals and the environment.
Hygienic precautions for the control of cross-transmission of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms (infection control), including hand hygiene, screening, isolation, etc.
Part of the burden of antimicrobial resistance in the EU is due to antimicrobials used in food-producing animals.
Humans may also acquire antimicrobial-resistant bacteria from direct contact with animals as this is the case with certain MRSA strains sometimes isolated from livestock, in particular from pigs.
However, the major cause of antimicrobial resistance in microorganisms from humans remains the use of antimicrobials in human medicine, in the community and in hospitals and other healthcare settings.
Even when antibiotics are used appropriately, antibiotic resistance sometimes develops as a natural adaptive reaction of bacteria. Whenever antibiotic-resistant bacteria emerge and develop, infection control precautions are essential to prevent spread from carriers of infected patients to other patients or persons.
Levels of antibiotic consumption consistently correlate with levels of antibiotic resistance, i.e. the more antibiotics are being used in a population, the more resistance to antibiotics there will be in bacteria responsible for infections in this population.
Based on Directive 2001/83/EC and national legislations in Member States, antimicrobials to be used systemically (i.e. not locally) should only be dispensed at pharmacies upon presentation of a prescription, usually from a medical doctor. Despite this, dispensation of antimicrobials without a prescription still occurs at pharmacies in several Member States.
Since October 2008, it is possible for patients in the UK who are asymptomatic but who have a diagnosed genital infection with Chlamydia to obtain from pharmacists (without a prescription) a single dose of the antibiotic azithromycin, representing a complete treatment course. This is the only exception where systemic antibiotics can be dispensed without a prescription.
In a few countries, decreasing trends are being observed for antibiotic use in outpatients and for antibiotic resistance in bacteria commonly responsible for infections in outpatients.
These positive experiences from some EU Member States are the background for the European Antibiotic Awareness Day, a campaign to reduce use of antibiotics in situations where they are not necessary, for example for viral infections such as colds and influenza.
In a few countries, decreasing trends in resistance are also being observed for one microorganism responsible for healthcare-associated infections, namely MRSA.
The EARSS Annual Report 2007 indicated that seven Member States now report significantly decreasing percentages of MRSA among Staphylococcus aureus from bloodstream infections.
This is likely due to increased efforts on infection control, hand hygiene and antibiotic policy in hospitals in these countries as demonstrated by national data from, e.g. Slovenia, France and UK.
Despite these encouraging experiences, antimicrobial resistance still is high or increasing in a majority of Member States, in particular for common bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Additionally, cases of infections due to bacteria totally or almost totally resistant to antibiotics are currently emerging in the EU. Examples of such bacteria are carbapenemase (KPC)-producing Enterobacteriaceae (often Klebsiella pneumoniae), andmultidrug-resistant Acinetobacter. There is no rational choice of antibiotic therapy for treating such patients and treatment often relies on old and toxic antibiotics such as colistin.
This new trend is worrying since there are very few compounds in the research and development pipeline that would potentially have an activity against these bacteria and could be marketed within the next 5-10 years.
Modern medicine relies on availability of effective antibiotics in the case an infectious complication occurs or for prophylaxis of infection. Without effective antibiotics, intensive care, organ transplants, cancer chemotherapy, care of preterm babies, or even common surgical procedures, such as hip or knee replacement, would not be possible.
Because antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms fail to respond to therapy, infections due to these microorganisms result in greater risk of death, prolonged illness and stay in hospitals and greater risk of death. The total burden of antimicrobial resistance across all the communicable diseases listed in Commission Decision 2000/96/EC (including nosocomial infections) is currently unknown. Preliminary estimates of the number of deaths directly attributable to hospital-acquired infections due to the most common major multidrug-resistant bacteria are 1/3 to 1/2 of that for hospital-acquired infections overall (see below) (ECDC, preliminary data).
Antimicrobial resistance is a worldwide problem.
The World Health Organization (WHO) has issued a global strategy and guidelines to help countries in setting up systems to monitor antimicrobial resistance and implement interventions, e.g. to ensure that antibiotics can only be purchased with a medical prescription.
Travellers that require hospital care while visiting a country with high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, within or outside of the EU, and who are subsequently repatriated to their home country, may return being colonised or even infected by multidrug-resistant bacteria. Even without having been in contact with healthcare, people who travel in a country with high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance may return being colonised by multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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2019-04-23T09:56:07Z
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https://ecdc.europa.eu/en/antimicrobial-resistance/facts/factsheets/experts
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Arts
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Health
| 0.548209 |
columbia
|
The German speaking alumni from the Columbia Law School, and the Columbia Business School organize every year the event called COLAM. This year's gathering will be in Köln DE from May 5, to May 8 2016.
As a postgraduate law student I am interested in continuation of my studies in Columbia Law School. Is there anyone who graduated and can share their experience?
Lidsey, blogger at http://essayforstudents.hatenablog.com/entry/2016/01/21/235337 .
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2019-04-26T08:24:49Z
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https://switzerland.alumni.columbia.edu/colam_2016
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Arts
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Reference
| 0.549104 |
stanford
|
Bitcoin exchanges function like banks, securely holding their customers' bitcoins on their behalf. Several exchanges have suffered catastrophic losses with customers permanently losing their savings. A proof of solvency demonstrates that the exchange controls sufficient reserves to settle each customer's account. We introduce Provisions, a privacy-preserving proof of solvency whereby an exchange does not have to disclose its Bitcoin addresses; total holdings or liabilities; or any information about its customers. We also propose an extension which prevents exchanges from colluding to cover for each other's losses. We have implemented Provisions and it offers practical computation times and proof sizes even for a large Bitcoin exchange with millions of customers.
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2019-04-21T12:46:10Z
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http://crypto.stanford.edu/~dabo/pubs/abstracts/provisions.html
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Arts
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Business
| 0.969724 |
jhu
|
The Joshua Ringel Memorial Reading celebrates its 13th season on Sunday, April 11, when poet Mark Doty reads from his work at 5 p.m. in the Baltimore Museum of Art’s Meyerhoff Auditorium. The event is sponsored by Johns Hopkins’ Center for Talented Youth.
“Ferocious, luminous and important” is how renowned poet Mary Oliver has described Doty, the only American poet to have won Great Britain’s T.S. Eliot Prize. His collection Fire to Fire: New and Selected Poems won the National Book Award for 2008. Among his many other awards are two NEA fellowships, Guggenheim and Rockefeller Foundation fellowships, a Lila Wallace/Reader’s Digest Award and the Witter Byner Prize.
Doty has written five other volumes of poetry, including Turtle, Swan (1987); My Alexandria (1993), which received both the Los Angeles Times Book Prize and the National Book Critics Circle Award; and School of the Arts (2005).
In describing poetry as a medium, Doty has said, “Somehow poetry is a vessel for the expression of subjectivity unlike any other; a good poem bears the stamp of individual. I think we’re hungry for singularity, for those aspects of self that aren’t commodifiable, can’t be marketed.
Doty teaches at Rutgers University and is a frequent guest at Columbia University, Hunter College and New York University. He lives in Houston and in New York City.
The Joshua Ringel Memorial Fund was established in 1998 by the Ringel family in memory of this former CTY student whose life was tragically cut short in a motorcycle accident just before his 28th birthday. The fund supports an annual lecture/reading dedicated to education, poetry and the imagination. Past visiting poets have included Kenneth Koch, Robert Pinsky, Grace Paley, John Ashbery, Sharon Olds and Billy Collins.
A question-and-answer session with the author and a book signing will immediately follow the reading. Books will be available for purchase at the door. Seats are limited, so those wishing to attend should e-mail ctypr@jhu.edu with their name and number of seats requested. More information is available at www.cty.jhu.edu/ringel.
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2019-04-22T00:35:18Z
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https://gazette.jhu.edu/2010/04/05/national-book-award-winner-mark-doty-to-give-poetry-reading/
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Arts
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Arts
| 0.68729 |
wordpress
|
To protect the finish on a custom copper avoid abrasive cleaners.
No coarse, acid, paint thinner nor alcohol should be used.
No teel wool, brillo, or wire brush, they will scratch the copper surfaces.
Clean with hot soapy water and scrub with a soft nylon brushes.
Rinse the appliance thoroughly and dry with a piece of soft cloth.
Copper furnishings can be used for all household tasks.
Avoid prolonged surface exposure to acidic foods, tomato ketchup and citrus fruits.
If any of them remains in direct contact with copper, it may cause discoloration.
Should the surface discolor, it will start to darken back by itself.
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2019-04-25T16:38:50Z
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https://customcopper.wordpress.com/copper-faq/
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Arts
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Health
| 0.253921 |
ets
|
Find your licensure area below to determine which test you need to take and to see the minimum qualifying score. To learn more about a specific test, click the test title. Once you know your test(s), find out how to register for the Praxis® tests and read the Praxis test retake policy.
Kansas requires a passing score from one of the four Principles of Learning and Teaching (PLT) assessments and the appropriate content assessment(s) for the initial educator license. You should choose the most appropriate PLT test for your level of licensure or level of specialization.
For information on becoming highly qualified, visit the Kansas Department of Education site.
Adding a new licensure endorsement requires a passing score on the appropriate content assessment.
If you test in Kansas, your score report will be sent automatically to the Kansas Department of Education. If you test outside of Kansas, select the Kansas Department of Education (code 7270) as a score recipient when you register or on an additional score report request. You may select up to three recipients at no charge during registration or purchase additional reporting after you test.
All candidates for an initial teaching license are required to take one of the four Principles of Learning and Teaching tests.
Building Leadership Accepted if the test is taken on or before August 31, 2019.
Required beginning September 1, 2019.
TBA: To Be Announced. All TBA scores will be available once the test is required.
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2019-04-24T06:32:43Z
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https://www.ets.org/praxis/ks/requirements/
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Arts
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Reference
| 0.225615 |
arkitip
|
André Balazs - Issue No. 0050, Magazines | Arkitip, Inc.
We kick off the year with a spectacular issue profiling the inscrutable yet fascinating personality, André Balazs.
André Balazs Properties owns and operates eight hotels in the US, including properties in New York, Miami and Los Angeles. His residential projects include 40 Mercer Residences in Soho, designed by architect Jean Nouvel; One Kenmare Square with Richard Gluckman and William Beaver House designed by Calvin Tsao.
This issue will focus on the creative side of his work, paying attention to the way he ‘pays attention’ to details, his inspirations, as well as some of his obsessions.
In addition, we chose Andrew Holder to work on a series of illustrations of André’s prestigious and most well known properties for a series of four Surface Mats. One of each that will accompany each issue edition. The signed Surface Mats are useable as a table, desk top accessory or suitable for framing.
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2019-04-22T00:15:29Z
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http://arkitip.com/product/andre-balazs-issue-no-0050/
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Arts
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Business
| 0.804723 |
cornell
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Mark M passes his B!
Please congratulate Mark M for passing his B-exam. A few final edits and he is home free. Mark will be staying on for a few months with the group.
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2019-04-23T13:53:10Z
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https://campbell.mae.cornell.edu/content/mark-m-passes-his-b
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Arts
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News
| 0.652531 |
wordpress
|
no matter how capable you are.
This entry was posted in Mindset and tagged determination, focus, goals, perseverance. Bookmark the permalink.
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2019-04-24T23:59:18Z
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https://coachotis.wordpress.com/2011/06/09/focus-by-bill-gates/
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Arts
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Reference
| 0.408347 |
etonline
|
Liam Payne's New 'Bedroom Floor' Music Video Puts Bella Thorne Through a Bad Breakup -- Watch!
Liam Payne's "Bedroom Floor" video explores the off part of on-again, off-again relationships.
Bella Thorne stars in the ex-One Directioner's new music video, going through it fighting with a long-haired guy while the 24-year-old singer repeatedly croons, "You said it was over, but your clothes say different on my bedroom floor."
Finally, when long hair macks on a new girl at the party, Thorne ends it for good, and throws the dude's shirt in a pool.
MORE: A.J. McLean Meets Up With Fellow 'Boy Band Society' Member Liam Payne -- See the Pic!
For what it's worth, it's not totally clear what the source of the couple's problems are in the video, but we have to imagine that the excessive amount of ovens in their kitchen can't help at all.
Seriously, there are four separate ovens in this kitchen, leaving it entirely possible that all the drama in this relationship is over utility bills.
RELATED: Bella Thorne Stars in Liam Payne's New Music Video -- Watch a Teaser!
Meanwhile, another relationship that didn't end on the best of terms is the one between some of the former One Direction bandmates.
Watch the video below to see Payne shade Harry Styles' debut record earlier this year.
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2019-04-22T20:30:45Z
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https://www.etonline.com/liam-paynes-new-bedroom-floor-music-video-puts-bella-thorne-through-bad-breakup-watch-90572
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Arts
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News
| 0.230047 |
avclub
|
Earlier this year, Will Ferrell interrupted a handful of spring training baseball games to promote awareness for long-suffering teams like the Chicago Cubs and Cincinnati Reds—and also cancer-fighting charities. As part of the gag, Ferrell played each of the positions in baseball (first baseman, pitcher, belly itcher, etc.) and made a stop with 10 different teams (including the San Francisco Giants, the Los Angeles Dodgers, the Chicago White Sox, and the aforementioned Cubs and Reds).
HBO was filming all of these shenanigans for an upcoming special, and now it has released a teaser for said special—which will be called Ferrell Takes The Field—that depicts the Get Hard star having a little bit of baseball-related fun. Okay, it actually looks like he’s having a lot of fun, but the teaser isn’t even a minute long. There isn’t really enough time to introduce more than a couple jokes. Presumably, that won’t be the case when Ferrell Takes The Field premieres on September 12.
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2019-04-20T00:55:33Z
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https://tv.avclub.com/will-ferrell-shows-hbo-his-baseball-skills-in-teaser-fo-1798282373
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Arts
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Sports
| 0.958356 |
wordpress
|
To think that the Saints Row series couldn’t get any weirder.
Saints Row started off as a competent GTA clone, about gangsters in an open world doing crime and story missions. By the Saints Row The Third the namesake gangster group The Third Street Saints have now become celebrities and fought an international crime syndicate and a super high-tech private army, while Saints Row IV have them save the world from utter destruction, their boss- the protagonist- becomes President of the USA and fight off aliens in a Matrix-like construction of the world with super powers.
So for this lightweight spin-off, Saints lieutenants Johny Gat and Kinzie go to hell to save their boss, and have to find a way to get out of hell. Hence, the pun in the title.
With all the ludicrous set-ups aside, Saints Row: Gat Out Of Hell is a solid short romp in the Saints Row universe, but it does not fundamentally bring something new and ridiculous to its gameplay. But if you’re a fan of the already ridiculous Saints Row IV, this is right up your alley.
The Game Bakers may not be a well-known indie team, but they have made names in the mobile space with Combo Breaker, a solid beat-em-up for its platform, and several other mobile games working in conjunction with Activision and Capcom.
Furi is the French team’s first effort on consoles, currently a PS4 console exclusive, and PC with the aim of making a solid character action game, married it with bullet hell shoot-em-up (shmup) mechanics and only focuses on the boss fights. Essentially, Furi is a boss rush game, which sounds novel at first but other indie titles like Titan Souls and Jotun also share a similar space here.
But what makes Furi stands out is the vibrant aesthetic, brilliant soundtrack to fit the theme, and a complete dedication to making the fights tough but fair with a focus on mastering the limited tools given. Gameplay purists who love a challenge and speedrunners will find Furi a delight, but it has some rough edges that may turn off the more casual fans.
Happy holidays everyone. Stay safe, and have a good time with your family and friends.
I have been spending time doing some e-sports reporting. Expect to see some more opinions on Overwatch as well as the supposedly weekly editorials.
Like what you have been reading and want to guarantee me publishing something of a weekly basis? Help me out with a small tip (check that paypal button on the side) or any sort of feedback.
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2019-04-25T03:46:12Z
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https://meckronos.wordpress.com/2016/07/
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Arts
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Sports
| 0.464371 |
wordpress
|
Did you know this is a real thing? Not just a Ray Bradbury novel? Well…thanks to my trusty Backyard Homestead book, I knew what to do with the zillions of yellow blossoms that showed up on the front lawn last week.
1. Collect the blossoms when they are fully open on a sunny day. Remove any green parts; they will impair the fermentation.
Clearly, I misjudged the latter directive…it is not as simple as plucking the blossoms and gently pulling the green base off. It takes patience and precision to cut, tear and peel the green bits from the petals. M and I watched an entire movie while conducting the tedious surgery, but at long last we had a crock full of yellow petals.
Dandelion petals steeped in water for 4 days…I could hardly believe they were still bright yellow.
After that, however, it is pretty simple. You just stir the flowers into boiling water and let it steep for a few days.
Once it stops bubbling, “rack” it (which means siphoning off the liquid into bottles, leaving the sediment), and let it sit for a couple more days then cork it. It needs to age for at least 6 months, but I have it on good authority that 2 years is the sweet spot for delish dandelion wine.
I just discovered your blog. love it! definitely putting the Backyard Homestead on my Amazon wish list. looking forward to reading more of your entries. good luck with your farm. you have chosen a beautiful place to live.
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2019-04-25T13:56:12Z
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https://pioneeringtheordinary.wordpress.com/2012/04/01/dandelion-wine/
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Arts
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Shopping
| 0.905576 |
wordpress
|
Note: this page summarizes a book that I have tried more than once to write, but I have never been able to finish it.
We’ve all heard the saying called Murphy’s Law: if anything can go wrong, it will go wrong. Some people say Murphy was an optimist.
When you are late for work and in a hurry to get there, traffic is heavy and you meet all the red lights. When guests are coming for the holidays, the floor drain backs up, and the kitchen floods. When you have a paper due for school and have almost finished writing it, the computer crashes. When the computer works again, that paper is the only file that has disappeared. When the water heater springs a leak, you discover the leak on Friday night and you have to wait until Monday to get the water heater replaced.
Murphy stated the rule, but he did not describe the gremlins. Murphy’s Gremlins live all around us, in the computer, the water heater, the floor drains, and the traffic lights. These gremlins are able to measure how important our machinery is to us. They are able to calculate when a break-down will be most inconvenient for us. They know just when things should go wrong, to make each day as stressful as possible.
A powerful gremlin lives in my car. It knows precisely when to keep my car from starting, the day I need that car the most. It arranges for a flat tire on a rainy day. It makes sure that, when I bring the car to the mechanic to fix one problem, another more expensive problem will show up in the garage.
City engineers try to time the traffic lights for the most efficient use of the roads. They cannot outthink Murphy’s gremlins. I have seen the light change for the side street when no car is there. Finally a car approaches, but before it reaches the intersection, the light has changed again, and the driver has to wait for all the traffic that had built up at the red light on the busy street to clear. Murphy’s gremlins watch for times like that. They love nothing more than to cause the greatest inconvenience for the greatest number of people.
Murphy’s Gremlins are responsible for inconveniences, not for tragedies. They cannot be blamed for earthquakes, hurricanes, and other natural disasters. Nor do they cause war, poverty, and crime. Murphy’s Gremlins cause the power to go out just when you are about to start cooking supper. They make the telephone ring just as the rice on the stove is almost finished, and they keep you on the phone until the rice has burned. Murphy’s Gremlins make sure that the phone call you were expecting comes while you are in the bathroom.
They have a sense of humor. If I buy a sandwich to eat at the red lights—for I will not eat while driving, not while the car is moving—then I will get green lights for the entire trip. If I clear my schedule and set aside an entire afternoon for a difficult repair project, things will fall into place and I will be done in half an hour. When I want to mow, the mower will not start; but if I really do not want to mow and would accept any excuse to put off mowing, the mower roars to life with just a half-hearted pull of the cord.
Murphy’s Gremlins are part of life, and most days we must accept their existence. They enforce the law that anything that can go wrong will go wrong. They strive to bring the greatest inconvenience to the greatest number of people. That’s the bad news. The good news is that they can be beat.
I struggled with the gremlins for a long, long time before I discovered a system that leads to victory. I call it the TAP system, because its three steps are remembered by the initials T, A, and P.
T stands for trust. As twelve-step programs say, you must believe in a higher power. Things go wrong every day, small things and big things, but evil has been defeated by good. Trust that someone is in control, someone who cares about you and is bigger than all your problems. When the gremlins seem to be pulling ahead of you, take a breath and remember the higher power. Assure yourself that, because there is nothing that power cannot handle, therefore there is nothing that the two of you together cannot handle.
A stands for act. Don’t let your frustrations paralyze you. If a problem can be fixed, do what you have to do to fix it. If you need to call in a professional, make the call. Plumbing and electricity can be dangerous in the wrong hands, and the gremlins will definitely take over when you try to fix something that you do not understand. On the other hand, don’t be afraid to learn. If you have time to figure out how to replace a piece of pipe under the sink or a light switch, go ahead and do the job. Nothing feels better than putting a gremlin in its place by acquiring the satisfaction of a new skill or ability.
P stands for play. No, that is not a misprint; prayer comes under the category of trust. Find humor in the work of the gremlins, and learn to beat them at their own game. Buy a sandwich when you are in a hurry, and let the gremlins decide whether you get the green lights or the chance to eat your sandwich. Either way you win. Make a game out of the traffic lights. Pretend that the twenty lights between work and home are games on a team’s schedule, and keep track of the team’s record. If that gets boring, use your time in traffic to count things. Count Volkswagen beetles. Count yellow cars. Keep track of out-of-state license plates. If counting is not in your line, see if you can assemble a rainbow from the different colored cars around you on the road.
Play with the gremlins at home. Name them if you want. Talk to them if you want. Let them know that they cannot beat you. But do not forget that you are playing. You and I both know that Murphy’s Gremlins aren’t really there. They are simply a way of making small problems even smaller. They are a way to overcome frustration with humor. They are a way of reminding yourself not to take life all that seriously.
Murphy’s Gremlins can be beat, especially when you remember that they are not really there.
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2019-04-26T02:16:09Z
|
https://salvageable04.wordpress.com/murphys-gremlins/
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Arts
|
Computers
| 0.572796 |
newsmax
|
Jimmy Carter's Cancer: What's Next for Him?
Former President Jimmy Carter’s announcement that he has cancer has raised more questions than answers – including the type of cancer he has, his treatment options, and if it is life-threatening.
But cancer specialists say one thing is certain: The 90-year-old’s disclosure that the disease has spread to other parts of his body suggests he may face an uphill battle to beat it.
In addition, Carter’s advanced age and strong family history of pancreatic cancer -- three of his siblings and his father died from it – also increase his risks, experts say. Researchers estimate that people with three or more close relatives with pancreatic cancer – which kills most patients it strikes within a year of diagnosis – are 57 times more likely to get it themselves.
Carter announced Wednesday that he has cancer and that he will be getting treatment at Emory Healthcare in Atlanta. On August 3 he underwent a procedure "to remove a small mass in his liver" – surgery that revealed the cancer, the Carter Center said in a press statement.
"Recent liver surgery revealed that I have cancer that now is in other parts of my body," Carter said in the statement. "I will be rearranging my schedule as necessary so I can undergo treatment by physicians at Emory Healthcare."
While the statement makes clear that Carter's cancer is widely spread, it does not say where it originated, or even if that is known at this point.
When cancer is found in the liver, it has often spread from somewhere else in the body – often the pancreas – according to the American Cancer Society. But other cancers can also spread to the liver, including those that originate in the colon, esophagus, and gastrointestinal tract.
Doctors typically design cancer treatments, including chemotherapy, based on a cancer’s origins. But they also take other factors into consideration – including a patient’s age, overall health, and how far the disease has advanced – in recommending treatment options, experts note.
In general, when cancer spreads from one area to elsewhere in the body, it is considered Stage IV cancer – the most advanced stage. Although some types can be treated, Stage IV cancer is usually incurable.
Len Lichtenfeld, M.D., deputy chief medical officer of the American Cancer Society, noted there is limited information about Carter’s cancer diagnosis.
"It is the decision of former President Carter and his family as to how much information they wish to share. We should not speculate on a diagnosis or treatment until we learn more details," he old Newsmax Health. "It is not firm at this time whether the cancer started in the liver or spread from another part of the body. The likelihood is that this is a cancer from outside the liver, but we don't know for certain."
But he added that determining where the cancer originated and genetic analyses of the tumor can help determine what treatment or drugs might be beneficial.
"In similar situations a patient undergoes a series of tests to uncover the cancer's origin, and sometimes that still doesn’t indicate where it came from. Doctors can also perform genetic analysis, which may help the care team make further treatment decisions," he explained.
"The president has a family history of pancreatic cancer. We cannot say whether that history has any bearing on his current circumstances. Going forward, the president and his family will weigh their medical decisions on what treatments to pursue. Our thoughts and prayers are with them as they begin their journey that has been shared with so many others facing cancer."
Robert Mayer, M.D., a gastrointestinal cancer specialist at the Dana Farber Cancer Institute, told NBC News that Carter’s age makes it unlikely that he would be able to tolerate the kind of aggressive treatment that could be beneficial for cancer patients in their 60s or 70s.
"This is a 90-year-old gentlemen with apparent widespread disease. The goals of treatment would be his comfort," Dr. Mayer said. “If chemo is considered it would need to take into account his age."
Lodovico Balducci, M.D., a specialist on treating cancer in the elderly at the Moffitt Cancer Center in Tampa, told Newsday that age alone does not preclude successful cancer treatment.
"A man 90 years old normally would have a life expectancy of two or three years, but Jimmy Carter is probably much younger than that" in terms of his function, Dr. Balducci said. "If he tolerated liver surgery, I imagine he has a relatively good tolerance" to other treatments that might be tried.
Cancer treatment facilities, including Moffitt, have developed scoring systems to gauge how well an older person would tolerate chemotherapy.
Carter was the nation's 39th president. He founded the Carter Center in Atlanta in 1982, after leaving the White House in 1981, to promote healthcare, democracy and other issues globally.
Carter, the second-oldest living president, has maintained an active public life in recent years, promoting the center’s causes. He also recently released a new autobiography, "A Full Life," and has been traveling around the country to promote it.
But last May, Carter had to cut short a trip to Guyana last May, to observe elections, for undisclosed health reasons that fueled concerns about his condition.
Carter’s brother Billy and sisters Ruth and Gloria all died of pancreatic cancer, along with his father, James Earl Carter Sr. His mother Bessie Lillian Gordy Carter died of breast cancer that had spread to the pancreas.
While pancreatic cancer survival rates have been improving in recent years, the disease is still considered largely incurable. According to the American Cancer Society, for all stages of pancreatic cancer combined, the one-year relative survival rate is 20 percent, and the five-year rate is 6 percent.
About 48,960 people (24,840 men and 24,120 women) will be diagnosed with pancreatic cancer this year.
About 40,560 people (20,710 men and 19,850 women) will die of pancreatic cancer.
Pancreatic cancer accounts for about 3 percent of all cancers in the U.S., and 7 percent of cancer deaths.
The average lifetime risk of developing pancreatic cancer is about 1 in 67 (1.5 percent). But a person’s risk can be raised by a number of factors, including family history, experts note.
Carter told The New York Times that he had CT scans and MRIs of his pancreas twice a year.
Jimmy Carter's announcement that he has cancer has raised more questions than answers - including the type of cancer he has, his treatment options, and if it is life-threatening. But cancer specialists say the fact that his cancer has spread, and his advanced age, may limit his treatment options.
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2019-04-22T02:56:21Z
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https://www.newsmax.com/health/people/jimmy-carter-cancer-treatment/2015/08/13/id/669911/
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Arts
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Health
| 0.565609 |
creighton
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Kurtyka, Faith. (2015). Settling in to Genre: The Social Action of Emotion in Shaping Genres. Composition Forum, Spring 2015, 31:1-1.
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2019-04-23T23:18:43Z
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https://dspace2.creighton.edu/xmlui/handle/10504/109308
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Arts
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Arts
| 0.788429 |
google
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2013-12-20 First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=40809887&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=US20120191054(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
An anisotropic wound drape for treating a wound on a patient includes a flexible sheet for placing over a tissue site The flexible sheet includes a first isotropic zone, and a second isotropic zone. The first isotropic zone and the second isotropic zone are configured to provide the flexible sheet with anisotropic stretching properties. The anisotropic drape may used as part of a reduced-pressure wound treatment system. Other systems and methods are also presented.
The present invention is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/475,231, entitled “Anisotropic Drapes and Systems,” which claims the benefit, under 35 USC §119(e), of the filing of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/057,807, entitled “Reduced-pressure Surgical Wound Treatment System,” filed May 30, 2008; U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/057,798, entitled “Dressing Assembly For Subcutaneous Wound treatment Using Reduce Pressure,” filed May 30, 2008; U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/057,808, entitled “See-Through, Reduced-Pressure Dressing,” filed May 30, 2008; U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/057,802, entitled “Reduced-Pressure Dressing Assembly For Use in Applying a Closing Force,” filed May 30, 2008; U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/057,803, entitled “Reduced-Pressure, Linear-Wound Treatment System,” filed May 30, 2008; U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/057,800, entitled “Reduced-Pressure, Compression System and Apparatus for use on a Curved Body Part,” filed, May 30, 2008; U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/057,797, entitled “Reduced-Pressure, Compression System and Apparatus for use on Breast Tissue,” filed May 30, 2008; U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/057,805, entitled “Super-Absorbent, Reduced-Pressure Wound Dressing and System,” filed May 30, 2008; U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/057,810, entitled “Reduced-Pressure, Compression System and Apparatus for use on a Joint,” filed May 30, 2008; U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/121,362, entitled “Reduced-Pressure Wound treatment System Employing an Anisotropic Drape,” filed Dec. 10, 2008; and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/144,067, entitled “Reduced-Pressure, Compression System and Apparatus for use on a Joint,” filed Jan. 12, 2009. All of these provisional applications are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.
The present invention relates generally to medical treatment systems, and more particularly, to anisotropic drapes and reduced-pressure wound treatment systems and methods employing anisotropic drapes.
Shortcomings with wound care systems and methods are addressed by the illustrative embodiments as shown and described. According to one illustrative embodiment, a reduced-pressure wound treatment system for treating a tissue site on a patient includes a wound drape that has a flexible sheet with a first isotropic zone and a second isotropic zone. The first isotropic zone and the second isotropic zone are configured to provide the flexible sheet with anisotropic stretching properties. The system also includes a manifold for disposing between the wound drape and the tissue site and a reduced-pressure subsystem for delivering a reduced pressure to the manifold.
According to another illustrative embodiment, a wound drape includes a flexible sheet for placing over a tissue site. The flexible sheet has a first isotropic zone and a second isotropic zone. The first isotropic zone and the second isotropic zone are configured to provide the flexible sheet with anisotropic stretching properties.
According to another illustrative embodiment, a wound drape includes a flexible sheet and an anisotropic member coupled to the flexible sheet. The flexible sheet and anisotropic member are configured to provide the flexible sheet with anisotropic stretching properties such that the flexible sheet stretches more in a first direction than in a second direction.
According to another illustrative embodiment, a wound drape includes a flexible sheet and a fluidly inflatable bladder coupled to the flexible sheet. The flexible sheet and fluidly inflatable bladder are configured to provide the flexible sheet with anisotropic stretching properties such that the flexible sheet stretches more in a first direction than in a second direction. The inflatable bladder may take numerous forms. The wound drape may provide a closing force.
According to another illustrative embodiment, a method for treating a tissue site on a patient with reduced pressure includes disposing a manifold proximate the tissue site, disposing an anisotropic wound drape over the manifold, sealing the anisotropic drape to the patient's epidermis, and fluidly coupling a reduced-pressure source to the manifold. The anisotropic drape includes at least a first isotropic zone and a second isotropic zone such that the anisotropic drape stretches more in a first direction than a second direction.
According to another illustrative embodiment, a method of manufacturing a wound drape includes the step of forming a flexible sheet for placing over a tissue site with a first isotropic zone and a second isotropic zone. The first isotropic zone and the second isotropic zone are configured to provide the flexible sheet with anisotropic stretching properties.
Other features and advantages of the illustrative embodiments will become apparent with reference to the drawings and detailed description that follow.
FIG. 7B is a schematic, cross-sectional view of the reduced-pressure wound treatment system of FIG. 7A taken along line 7B-7B in FIG. 7A.
In the following detailed description of the illustrative embodiments, reference is made to the accompanying drawings that form a part hereof, and in which is shown, by way of illustration, specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention, and it is understood that other embodiments may be utilized and that logical structural, mechanical, electrical, and chemical changes may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. To avoid detail not necessary to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention, the description may omit certain information known to those skilled in the art. The following detailed description is not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present invention is defined only by the appended claims.
Referring now to FIGS. 1-3B, a reduced-pressure treatment system 100 for treating a tissue site, e.g. incision 102, is presented. The reduced-pressure treatment system 100 is presented in the context of a general tissue site that includes an incision 102 and an undermined subcutaneous tissue site 110, but it will be appreciated that the reduced-pressure treatment system 100 may be used to treat many different types of wounds including open wounds or other tissue sites. The tissue site may be the bodily tissue of any human, animal, or other organism, including bone tissue, adipose tissue, muscle tissue, dermal tissue, vascular tissue, connective tissue, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, or any other tissue.
The reduced-pressure treatment system 100 is shown in a peri-incisional region around incision 102, which is through epidermis 104, or skin, and dermis 106 and reaching into hypodermis, or subcutaneous tissue 108. The subcutaneous tissue 108 may include numerous tissue types such as fatty tissue or muscle. An undermined subcutaneous tissue site 110 is shown extending out from incision 102 and includes, in this instance, subcutaneous defect or void 112. The undermined subcutaneous tissue 110 is often caused by surgical procedures, such as liposuction. The undermined subcutaneous tissue 110 may include voids, such as void 112, open spaces, and various defects that can be troublesome for a number of reasons, such as allowing fluids to build that may result in edema. The term “fluid” as used herein generally refers to gas or liquid, but may also include any other flowable material, including but not limited to gels, colloids, and foams.
The incision 102 may be closed using any mechanical closing means such as staples, sutures, or adhesive, but is shown in this illustrative embodiment with a suture 114. The illustrative embodiment shows the reduced-pressure treatment system 100 in use in a peri-incisional region. It will be appreciated that the reduced-pressure treatment system 100 may be used to treat undermined subcutaneous tissue 110 where there is no corresponding incision or any other kind of tissue site.
The reduced-pressure treatment system 100 generally includes a drape, or wound drape 116, a manifold 120, and a reduced-pressure subsystem 122. The reduced-pressure treatment system 100 may also include gripping member 118. The wound drape 116 is generally formed from a sheet, or flexible sheet 123, and includes one or more first isotropic zones 124 and one or more second isotropic zones 126. Each zone is typically a region, or area, that makes up at least one half percent of the wound drape 116. The first and second isotropic zones 124, 126 are configured to provide the flexible sheet 123 with anisotropic properties. As such, the flexible sheet 123 may help the wound drape 116 primarily stretch in a given direction. Stated another way, the flexible sheet 123 can stretch more along one direction than along another, different direction. As used herein, stretching may include elastic and inelastic deformation. These anisotropic properties may be accomplished in a variety of ways, and several illustrative embodiments will be discussed further below beginning with the use of different thicknesses.
In the illustrative embodiment of FIGS. 1-3B, the first isotropic zones 124 have a first thickness (t1) of drape material and the second isotropic zones 126 have a second thickness (t2) of drape material, and the thickness of each first isotropic zone 124 is greater than the thickness of each second isotropic zone 126 (t1>t2). Because the thickness (t1) of each first isotropic zone 124 is greater than the thickness (t2) of each second isotropic zone 126, the flexible sheet 123 is provided with anisotropic properties whereby the flexible sheet 123 stretches more in the direction of a first (x) axis 128 than in the direction of a second (y) axis 130 under equal force in the direction of each axis. In one illustrative embodiment, the first thickness (t1) is greater than or equal to one hundred five percent (105%) of the second thickness (t2), i.e., t1≧105% t2. In another illustrative embodiment, the first thickness (t1) is greater than or equal to one hundred ten percent (110%) of the second thickness (t2), i.e., t1≧110% t2. Other relationships between the first thickness (t1) and the second thickness (t2) are possible.
Indeed, by selecting appropriate thicknesses, a user may selectively control the rate or force with which the flexible sheet 123 attempts to return to its original size after it is stretched and adhered to a patient. Thus, the rate of the translation and/or approximation of tissue may be regulated. Regulating the translation and/or approximation of tissue may serve to minimize skin complications, such as blisters, hyper-pigmentation, etc., as well as to assist in closing the incision 102. Additionally, the thicker first isotropic zones 124 may be capable of providing a compressive force that may be realized in the subcutaneous tissue 108 and may be beneficial in treating the undermined subcutaneous tissue 110 and eliminating voids 112 or the like. As shown in FIG. 2, the first isotropic zones 124 may project inwardly from a skin-facing surface 132. As shown in FIG. 3A, the first isotropic zones 124 may project outwardly from a first surface 134 of the flexible sheet 123. As shown in FIG. 3B, the first isotropic zones 124 may project from both of the skin-facing surface 132 and first surface 134. It will be appreciated that any number of isotropic zones may be employed as part of flexible sheet 123. Moreover, while the isotropic zones 124, 126 are shown as substantially parallel with one another, it will be appreciated that the zones 124, 126 may be arranged with different orientations with respect to one another. While two thicknesses (t1 and t2) are shown for two zones 124, 126, it should be understood that many zones having varying thicknesses may be used to achieve the anisotropic properties.
The wound drape 116 may be sized so that it overlaps the incision 102 and/or undermined subcutaneous tissue 110 in such a manner that a drape extension 136 extends beyond the periphery of the incision 102 and/or undermined subcutaneous tissue 110. The wound drape 116 may be formed from any suitable material, such as an impermeable or semi-permeable elastomeric material. “Elastomeric” means having the properties of an elastomer and generally refers to a polymeric material that has rubber-like properties. More specifically, most elastomers have elongation rates greater than 100% and a significant amount of resilience. The resilience of a material refers to the material's ability to recover from an elastic deformation. Examples of elastomers may include, but are not limited to, natural rubbers, polyisoprene, styrene butadiene rubber, chloroprene rubber, polybutadiene, nitrile rubber, butyl rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, ethylene propylene diene monomer, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, polysulfide rubber, polyurethane, EVA film, co-polyester, and silicones. Sealing drape materials may include a silicone material, 3M Tegaderm® drape material, acrylic drape material such as one available from Avery Dennison Corporation of Pasadena, Calif., or an incise drape material. However, it will be appreciated that the wound drape 116 may be formed from any suitable material. In addition, the first and second isotropic zones 124, 126 may be formed from the same drape material or from different drape materials. The isotropic zones 124, 126 may be formed via a co-extrusion process, a molding process, or any other suitable forming process. The varying thicknesses may be achieved by coupling two or more portions of drape material that are not co-extensive. Optionally, the drape material may also include one or more suitable bioactive elements, including, but not limited to, antimicrobial compounds or any other suitable bioactive element(s).
The gripping member 118 may be coupled to the wound drape 116. The gripping member 118 is operable to couple the wound drape 116 to a patient's epidermis 104. Also, the gipping member 118 may also be operable to transmit a closing force generated by drape 116 as the drape 116 attempts to return to the drape's 116 original size after being stretched and adhered to a patient (the transmitted force is illustrated as force vectors 138 in FIG. 2). Additionally, the wound drape 116 and gripping member 118 work together to form a fluid seal over the patient's epidermis 104. “Fluid seal,” or “seal,” means a seal adequate to hold reduced pressure at, the desired site given the particular reduced-pressure subsystem involved. The gripping member 118 may be any material suitable for coupling the drape 116 to a patient's epidermis 104, transmitting a closing force to the patient's epidermis 104, and/or assist in forming a fluid seal over the patient's epidermis 104. For example, the gripping member 118 may be a pressure sensitive adhesive, heat-activated adhesive, sealing tape, double-sided sealing tape, paste, hydrocolloid, hydrogel, hooks, sutures, etc.
In the illustrative embodiment, the gripping member 118 is an adhesive layer coupled to the skin-facing surface of the drape extension 136; however, it will be appreciated that gripping member 118 may span the entire width of the drape 116. Alternatively, the gripping member 118 may be applied to only a selected portion of the wound drape 116, such as the first or second isotropic zones 124, 126. The gripping member 118 may be formed as a layer or a pattern distributed on the wound drape 116. Alternatively, in the case of sealing tape, the gripping member 118 may be applied over the entire first surface 134 of the wound drape 116 or over the first surface of the drape extension 136.
The manifold 120 is positionable between the skin-facing surface 132 of the wound drape 116 and the tissue site, e.g., incision 102, within a wound bed, or over an intact portion of the epidermis 104. The term “manifold” as used herein generally refers to a substance or structure that is provided to assist in applying reduced pressure to, delivering fluids to, or removing fluids from a tissue site, e.g., incision 102. The manifold 120 may be made of many different materials.
In one illustrative embodiment, the manifold 120 is made from a porous and permeable foam-like material and, more particularly, a reticulated, open-cell polyurethane or polyether foam that allows good permeability of wound fluids while under a reduced pressure. One such foam material that may be used is the V.A.C.® GranuFoam® material available from Kinetic Concepts, Inc. (KCI) of San Antonio, Tex. Any material or combination of materials may be used for the manifold material provided that the manifold material is operable to distribute the reduced pressure. The manifold 120 typically includes a plurality of flow channels or pathways that distribute fluids provided to and removed from the area of tissue around the manifold 120. The flow channels may be interconnected. Examples of manifolds may include, without limitation, devices that have structural elements arranged to form flow channels, cellular foam, such as open-cell foams, textiles, porous tissue collections, and liquids, gels, and foams that include, or cure to include, flow channels. The manifold material may also be a combination or layering of materials. For example, a first manifold layer of hydrophilic foam may be disposed adjacent to a second manifold layer of hydrophobic foam to form the manifold material.
The reticulated pores of the GranuFoam® material, that are in the range from about 400 to 600 microns, are helpful in carrying out the manifold function, but other materials may be used. The manifold material may be a reticulated foam that is later felted to a thickness of about ⅓ of the manifold material's original thickness. Among the many possible materials, the following may be used: GranuFoam® material or a Foamex® technical foam (www.foamex.com). In some instances it may be desirable to add ionic silver to the foam in a microbonding process or to add other substances to the manifold material such as antimicrobial agents. The manifold material may be isotropic or anisotropic. In addition, the manifold material may be a bio-absorbable or bio-includable material.
The manifold 120 may be coupled to the wound drape 116. As used herein, the term “coupled” includes coupling via a separate object and includes direct coupling. The term “coupled” also encompasses two or more components that are continuous with one another by virtue of each of the components being formed from the same piece of material. Also, the term “coupled” may include chemical, such as via a chemical bond, mechanical, thermal, or electrical coupling. Fluid coupling means that fluid is in communication between the designated parts or locations.
The wound drape 116 and manifold 120 may be coupled using adhesives such as an acrylic adhesive, silicone adhesive, hydrogel, hydrocolloid, etc. Alternatively, the wound drape 116 and manifold 120 may be bonded by heat bonding, ultrasonic bonding, and radio frequency bonding, etc. The coupling may occur in patterns. In addition, structure may be added to the bond to make the wound drape 116 behave even more anisotropically in a desired direction.
The reduced-pressure subsystem 122 includes a reduced-pressure source 140, which can take many different forms. The reduced-pressure source 140 provides reduced pressure as a part of the reduced-pressure treatment system 100. As used herein, “reduced pressure” generally refers to a pressure less than the ambient pressure at a tissue site that is being subjected to treatment. In most cases, this reduced pressure will be less than the atmospheric pressure at which the patient is located. Alternatively, the reduced pressure may be less than a hydrostatic pressure at the tissue site Reduced pressure may initially generate fluid flow in the manifold 120, a reduced-pressure conduit, or conduit 148, and proximate the tissue site, e.g., incision 102. As the hydrostatic pressure around the tissue site approaches the desired reduced pressure, the flow may subside, and the reduced pressure may be maintained. Unless otherwise indicated, values of pressure stated herein are gauge pressures. The reduced pressure delivered may be static, dynamic (patterned or random) and may be delivered continuously or intermittently. The operable range of reduced pressure may vary widely as needed, but would typically be between −5 mm Hg and −500 mm Hg. Various sources of reduced pressure may be utilized such as V.A.C.® therapy unit, which is available from Kinetic Concepts, Inc. of San Antonio, Tex., or a wall suction unit. The reduced-pressure source 140 could also be supplied by a portable mechanical means, such as a piston in a tube, depending on how much leakage there is with the fluid seal between the wound drape 123 and the epidermis 104.
In the illustrative embodiment, the reduced-pressure source 140 is shown having a battery compartment 142 and a canister region 144 with windows 146 providing a visual indication of the level of fluid within canister 144. An interposed membrane filter, such as hydrophobic or oleophobic filter, may be interspersed between reduced-pressure conduit 148 and the reduced-pressure source 140.
The reduced pressure developed by the reduced-pressure source 140 is delivered through the reduced-pressure conduit 148 to a reduced-pressure interface 150, or interface 150, which may be an elbow port 152. In one illustrative embodiment, the elbow port 152 is a TRAC® technology port available from Kinetic Concepts, Inc. of San Antonio, Tex. The reduced-pressure interface 150 allows the reduced pressure to be delivered to the wound drape 116 and realized within an interior portion of wound drape 116 and the manifold 120. In this illustrative embodiment, the elbow port 152 extends through the flexible sheet 123 to the manifold 120, but numerous arrangements are possible.
In operation, the manifold 120 may be placed proximate the tissue site, e.g., incision 102 and/or undermined subcutaneous tissue 110. The wound drape 116 may be placed over the manifold 120 such that the drape extension 136 of the wound drape 116 extends beyond the incision 102 and/or undermined subcutaneous tissue 110. The drape 116 may be stretched to a desired length. As previously mentioned, while stretching the drape 116, the second isotropic zones 126 may stretch more than the first isotropic zones 124. The drape extension 136 may then be secured to the patient's epidermis 104 by a gripping member 118 in order to form a fluid seal between the drape 116 and the patient's epidermis 104. In some instances, the gripping member 118 may also serve to transmit a closing force to the patient's epidermis 104 generated by the drape 116 as the drape 116 attempts to contract while coupled to the patient's epidermis 104. The reduced-pressure interface 150 is then applied, if not already installed, and the reduced-pressure conduit 148 is fluidly coupled to the reduced-pressure interface 150. The reduced-pressure conduit 148 is also fluidly coupled to the reduced-pressure source 140. The reduced-pressure source 140 may then be activated such that a reduced pressure is delivered to the interior of the wound drape 116 and manifold 120.
As the reduced pressure is delivered, the manifold 120 may compress and contract laterally to form a semi-rigid substrate. A number of beneficial forces and actions may take place. The reduced pressure is transmitted further still through the manifold 120 so that the reduced pressure is experienced at the patient's epidermis 104 and at the incision 102. At least at the early stages of the healing process, the reduced pressure may also be realized through the incision 102 and into the subcutaneous tissue 108. The reduced pressure helps close defects, such as a subcutaneous void 112, and generally provides stability to the area. The reduced pressure delivered to the drape 116 also develops a compressive force, as suggested by arrows 154, which again may provide stability and therapy. The compressive force, as suggested by arrows 154, is more than just at the level of the epidermis 104; the compressive force may extend down deeper and may be experienced at the level of subcutaneous tissue 108.
Further, as the wound drape 116 and manifold 120 laterally contract under the influence of the reduced pressure, an inward force, as suggested by arrows 156, may develop that helps hold an additional closing force on the incision 102 and may generally provide additional stability to the wound. Thus, the inward force, represented by arrows 156, from the reduced pressure and the closing force, represented by arrows 138, generated by the contraction of the drape 116 may act together to assist in helping to close the incision 102 and/or maintaining the incision 102 in a substantially closed position. At the same time, the reduced pressure delivered to and through the manifold 120 helps to remove any exudates and other fluids from the incision 102. All of these actions may improve healing of the tissue site, e.g., incision 102.
It may be desirable to apply the reduced-pressure treatment system 100 in the operating room and allow the system 100 to remain on the patient until adequate healing has taken place. In this regard, it may be desirable to form the wound drape 116, manifold 120, and any other layers from transparent materials to allow the healthcare provider to gain visual cues about the healing of the tissue site, e.g., incision 102, without having to remove the drape 116. Moreover, it should be appreciated that the reduced-pressure treatment system 100 may be used as a primary wound-closing treatment or as an intermediate step of a wound-closing treatment protocol. Furthermore, it will be appreciated that the wound drape 116 may be used without,the manifold 120 and/or reduced pressure sub-system 122. Moreover, it should be appreciated that the wound-drape 116 may be beneficial as a stand-alone dressing that is capable of delivering a closing force and/or a compressive force to an incision 102 and/or undermined subcutaneous tissue 110.
The wound drape 216 includes a first isotropic zone 224, a second isotropic:zone 226, and a third isotropic zone 227. The first isotropic zone 224 is thicker than the second isotropic zone 226, and the second isotropic zone 226 is thicker than the third isotropic zone 227. In this embodiment, isotropic regions are created so that with equal force applied across the drape 216, the region defined by first isotropic zone 224 will stretch less than the region defined by second isotropic zone 226. It will be appreciated that the isotropic zones 224, 226 227 may be of any suitable thickness relative to one another (e.g., the third zone 227 may be the thickest, etc.). Moreover, while the present embodiment shows three isotropic zones, it will be appreciated that any number of isotropic zones may be employed. The isotropic zones 224, 226, 227 are concentric with one another and are annular-square shaped areas when viewed in plan view, However, it will be appreciated that the isotropic zones 224, 226, 227 do not necessarily need to be concentric with one another. Additionally, it will be appreciated that each isotropic zone 224, 226, 227 may have any suitable shape when viewed in plan, including but not limited to circular, elliptical, triangular, rectangular, octagonal, etc.
In another illustrative embodiment, the wound drape 216 has defined isotropic zones 224, 226, 227, but the transitions between zones may be gradual. In another illustrative embodiment, the wound drape 216 is tapered such that the thickness of the wound drape 216 either gradually increases or gradually decreases from an inner portion 270 to the edge 272 of the wound drape 216. Thus, the modulus of elasticity of the wound drape 216 evenly and gadually changes across the length of the wound drape 216. In FIGS. 4A and 4B, the inner portion 270 is the substantial center of the wound drape 216, although the inner portion 270 may be located anywhere inside the edges 272 of the wound drape 216.
In one example, the wound drape 272 can be thickest at the edge 272 and gradually become thinner towards the inner portion 270 such that the center 270 is the thinnest portion of the wound drape 272. The shape of the resulting cavity may approximate a cone, including a frustoconical shape. Conversely, the wound drape 272 can be thinnest at the periphery 272 and gradually become thicker towards the center 270 such that the center 270 is the thickest portion of the wound drape 272. Any of the illustrative embodiments of the wound drape described herein, including those having substantially parallel isotropic zones, are able to have even and gradual, or tapered, changes in thickness or elastic modulus instead of having clearly defined isotropic zones. In an embodiment in which the isotropic zones are substantially parallel to one another, the inner portion 270 may extend from one edge of the wound drape 216 to an opposing edge. Tapering of the wound drape 216 can help to relieve strain at a tissue site to which the wound drape 216 is applied, and can alleviate skin irritation (e.g., blisters). Such tapering can also offer desirable stretching characteristics to facilitate wound healing.
Referring now to FIGS. 5A and 5B, another illustrative embodiment of a portion of a reduced-pressure treatment system 300 for treating a tissue site on a patient is shown. The reduced-pressure treatment system 300 is generally analogous in most respects to that of the reduced-pressure treatment system 100 of FIGS. 1-3B and a correlation of parts is generally indicated in this embodiment by indexing the reference numerals of FIGS. 1-3B by 200. While presented with a reduced-pressure interface 350 and conduit 348 for connection to a reduced pressure subsystem (not shown), it will be appreciated that the wound drape 316 may be used as a stand-alone dressing.
The wound drape 316 includes first isotropic zones 324 and second isotropic zones 326. The first isotropic zones 324 are formed from a material having a first modulus of elasticity (λ1) and the second isotropic zones 326 are formed from a material having a second modulus of elasticity (λ2). In the illustrative embodiment, the first modulus of elasticity is greater than the second modulus of elasticity (λ1>λ2) such that the second isotropic zones 326 stretch more than the first isotropic zones 324 when the wound drape 316 is stretched. The wound drape 316 stretches primarily in one direction versus other directions. For example, in one embodiment, the wound drape 316 may primarily stretch in a direction substantially perpendicular to one or more elongated isotropic zones 324, 326.
By selecting the appropriate modulus of elasticity for each isotropic zone 324, 326, a user may selectively control the rate or force with which the wound drape 316 attempts to return to the drape's 316 original size after being stretched and adhered to a patient. Thus, the rate of or force related to the translation and/or approximation of tissue may be regulated. While the illustrative embodiment shows two of each isotropic zones 324, 326, it will be appreciated that any suitable number of isotropic zones may be employed. Additionally, it will be appreciated that the wound drape 316 may include any number of isotropic zones of varying moduli of elasticities or even be constructed of continuously variable elasticity across at least one of the wound drape surfaces. In one embodiment, the isotropic zones nearest the edge of the wound drape 316 have the lowest modulus of elasticity relative to other isotropic zones of the wound drape 316.
In another embodiment, one or more isotropic zones may have a modulus of elasticity equal to or substantially similar to that of the tissue at or near the tissue site to which the zones are attached. As a few non-limiting examples, the modulus of elasticity of the isotropic zone may be within twenty percent of the modulus of elasticity of the patient's epidermis or within ten percent of the modulus of elasticity of the patient's skin or within five percent of the modulus of elasticity of the patient's skin. Coordinating the modulus of elasticity of the isotropic zones with the modulus of elasticity of tissue at the tissue site may minimize stress applied to the tissue or stress-shielding and promote healing and minimize scarring. Furthermore, it will be appreciated that the isotropic zones 324, 326 may be configured such that they are annular shaped when viewed in plan view and the isotropic zones 324, 326 may or may not be arranged such that the isotropic zones 324, 326 are concentric with one another. In addition, while the isotropic zones 324, 326 are shown having substantially similar thicknesses, it will be appreciated that the isotropic zones 324, 326 may be of different thicknesses. Thus, the anisotropicity of the wound drape 316 may be achieved by combining different zones having different moduli of elasticities as well as different thicknesses. Also, the thickness and moduli of the wound drape 316 may evenly and gradually taper along one or more directions of the wound drape 316 or a portion thereof. Moreover, while the isotropic zones 324, 326 are shown as substantially parallel with one another, it will be appreciated that the isotropic zones 324, 326 may have any suitable arrangement relative to one another.
Referring now to FIGS. 6A-6B, another illustrative embodiment of a portion of a reduced-pressure treatment system 400 for treating a tissue site on a patient is shown. The reduced-pressure treatment system 400 generally includes a wound drape 416 and one or more gripping members 418. A reduced-pressure interface 450 and conduit 448 may be coupled to the wound drape 416 for connection to a reduced-pressure source (not shown) such that a reduced pressure may be delivered to the tissue site. It should, however, be appreciated that the wound drape 416 may be used as a stand alone dressing.
The wound drape 416 is generally formed from a flexible sheet 423 having one or more anisotropic members 457 coupled thereto. The anisotropic members 457 are configured to provide the wound drape 416 with anisotropic properties. In this illustrative, non-limiting example, the wound drape 416 is operable to stretch in the areas between the anisotropic members 457, but stretches minimally or not at all in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the anisotropic members 457. In the illustrative embodiment, the anisotropic members 457 comprise a plurality of filaments 458. The filaments 458 may be formed from any suitable material, including but not limited to, polymer, fabric, metal, composite, elastomer, etc. In addition, the filaments 458 may be arranged such that they are substantially parallel with one another. It will, however, be appreciated that the filaments 458 may have any suitable arrangement capable of providing the drape 416 with anisotropic properties; for example, the filaments may be in a “thatched” arrangement, a substantially random arrangement, etc. The filaments 458 may also be formed from additional drape material in some illustrative embodiments.
The filaments 458 are coupled to the flexible sheet 423 by any suitable means, including but not limited to, adhesive, mechanical fasteners, bonding, sonic welding, etc. The filaments 458 may be coupled to either the skin-facing surface 432 or the first surface 434 of the flexible sheet 423. Additionally, the filaments 458 may be formed with the flexible sheet 423, through a process such as co-extrusion, whereby the filaments 458 are substantially co-planar with the flexible sheet 423. Also, while illustrative embodiment shows two anisotropic members 457, it will be appreciated that any number of anisotropic members 457 may be employed. Further, while the anisotropic members 457 are shown as substantially parallel with one another, it will be appreciated that the anisotropic members 457 may have any suitable arrangement relative to one another. Moreover, it will be appreciated that the anisotropic members 457 may be arranged such that they are annular in shape when viewed in plan and they may or may not be arranged such that they are concentric with one another.
While the anisotropic members 457 are shown as comprising a plurality of filaments 458 in this illustrative embodiment, it will be appreciated that the anisotropic members 457 may have any suitable configuration and arrangement. For example, the anisotropic members may include adhesive layers coupled to the flexible sheet 423. The adhesive layers may or may not be patterned. Other possible configurations and arrangements for the anisotropic members are possible. In addition, the gripping member 418 is the same or similar to gripping member 118 of the reduced-pressure treatment system 100 of FIGS. 1-3B. In the illustrative embodiment, the gripping member 418 may be coupled to the skin-facing surface 432 of the flexible sheet 423. The gripping member 418 may span the entire width of the flexible sheet 423 and overlay the filaments 458 or may be located near the ends of the flexible sheet 423 as shown in FIG. 6B.
Referring now to FIGS. 7A and 7B, another illustrative embodiment of a portion of a reduced-pressure treatment system 500 for treating a tissue site on a patient is shown. The reduced-pressure treatment system 500 generally includes a wound drape 516 and one or more gripping members 518. A reduced-pressure interface 550 and conduit 548 may be coupled to the wound drape 516 for fluidly coupling to a reduced-pressure source (not shown) such that a reduced pressure may be delivered to the tissue site. It will, however, be appreciated that the wound drape 516 may be used as a stand alone dressing.
The wound drape 516 is generally formed from a flexible sheet 523 having one or more fluidly inflatable bladders 560. Each fluidly inflatable bladder 560 includes an interior chamber 562 for receiving a fluid to inflate the fluidly inflatable bladder 560. Fluid is supplied to each interior chamber 562 by a corresponding fluid supply tube or conduit 564; however, it will be appreciated that a single fluid supply tube may be configured to deliver fluid to each bladder via passageways (not shown) that interconnect the fluidly inflatable bladders 560. The fluid may be delivered to the interior chambers 562 from a fluid control means (not shown). The fluid control means may be any suitable device capable of storing and selectively delivering fluid through the tube(s) 564 to the interior chambers 562. An illustrative fluid control means includes, but is not limited to, a pump, cylinder, reservoir, etc. with corresponding control mechanisms, including, but not limited to, valves, clamps, regulators, etc. The fluidly inflatable bladders 560 may be inflated with any suitable material, including but not limited to, air, water, saline, a gel, a foam, etc.
The fluidly inflatable bladders 560 are configured to provide the wound drape 516 with anisotropic properties. In the illustrative embodiment, the fluidly inflatable,bladders 560 provide the wound drape 516 with anisotropic properties by virtue of the rigidity they supply such that the wound drape 516 functionally behaves similarly to that of FIG. 1-3B whereby the flexible sheet 523 stretches more in the area between the bladders 560 when a stretching force is applied thereto. Furthermore, it will be appreciated that by controlling the volume of fluid delivered through the fluid supply tubes 564, it may be possible to control the anisotropic properties of the wound drape 516. For example, as the fluid is delivered to the fluidly inflatable bladders 560, the anisotropicity of the drape 516 may increase. The fluid delivered through the tube 564 may also be varied to provide a dynamic anisotropic sheet. A controller may be provided to control the fluid control means in response to conditions at the wound site. Moreover, it will be appreciated that inflating the fluidly inflatable bladders 560 prior to stretching and applying the wound drape 516 may further enhance the anisotropic behavior. In addition, once the fluidly inflatable bladders 560 are inflated, they may be operable to provide a compressive force that may be realized in subcutaneous tissue and that may be beneficial in treating the undermined subcutaneous tissue and eliminating voids or the like.
The fluidly inflatable bladders 560 may be coupled to the flexible sheet 523 by any suitable means, including but not limited to adhesive, mechanical fasteners, bonding, sonic welding, etc. The fluidly inflatable bladders 560 may be coupled to either the skin-facing surface 532 or first surface 534 of the flexible sheet 523. Additionally, the fluidly inflatable bladders 560 may be formed to be substantially co-planar with the flexible sheet 523 prior to their inflation. While the illustrative embodiment shows four fluidly inflatable bladders 560, it will be appreciated that any number of bladders 560 may be employed. Further, while the fluidly inflatable bladders 560 are shown as substantially parallel with one another, it will be appreciated that the fluidly inflatable bladders 560 may have any suitable arrangement relative to one another. Moreover, it will be appreciated that the fluidly inflatable bladders 560 may be arranged such that the fluidly inflatable bladders 560 are annular shaped when viewed in plan and the fluidly inflatable bladders 560 may or may not be arranged such that the fluidly inflatable bladders 560 are concentric with one another.
In addition, the gripping member 518 is the same or similar to the gripping member 118 of the reduced-pressure treatment system 100 of FIGS. 1-3B. In the illustrative embodiment, the gripping member 518 may be coupled to the skin-facing surface 532 of the flexible sheet 523. The gripping member 518 may span the entire width of the flexible sheet 523 and overlay the filaments 558 or may be located near the ends of the flexible sheet 523.
In one illustrative embodiment, the fluidly inflatable bladders 560 are inflated with positive pressure through fluid supply tubes 564 and as reduced pressure is supplied to the reduced-pressure interface 550, the inflatable bladders 560 press against the patient's epidermis with a compressive force. As reduced pressure increases, the inflatable bladders 560 are drawn toward the reduced-pressure interface 550 and thereby create a closing force. The closing force is realized at the epidermis and may be realized at deeper levels, e.g., the dermis.
Although the present invention and its advantages have been disclosed in the context of certain illustrative, non-limiting embodiments, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions, permutations, and alterations can be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. It will be appreciated that any feature that is described in a connection to any one embodiment may also be applicable to any other embodiment.
an anisotropic member coupled to the flexible sheet and configured to provide the flexible sheet with anisotropic stretching properties such that the flexible sheet stretches more in a first direction than in a second direction.
31. The wound drape of claim 30 wherein the anisotropic member comprises a plurality of filaments.
32. The wound drape of claim 30 wherein the anisotropic member comprises a plurality of filaments and wherein said plurality of filaments are substantially parallel to one another.
33. The wound drape of claim 30 wherein the anisotropic member is an adhesive layer.
a fluidly inflatable bladder coupled to the flexible sheet and configured to provide the flexible sheet with anisotropic stretching properties such that the flexible sheet stretches more in a first direction than in a second direction.
35. The wound drape of claim 34 wherein the fluidly inflatable bladder is substantially co-planar with the flexible sheet when uninflated.
a fluid control means fluidly coupled to a second end of the fluid supply tube, the fluid control means for selectively applying fluid to the bladder.
37. The wound drape of claim 34 wherein the bladder is capable of providing a compressive force to a patient's tissue.
a flexible sheet comprising an impermeable or semi-permeable elastomeric material and having an inner portion and an edge, the thickness of the flexible sheet gradually changes from the inner portion to the edge to provide the flexible sheet with anisotropic stretching properties such that the flexible sheet stretches more in a first direction than in a second direction.
39. The wound drape of claim 38, wherein the inner portion is the substantial center of the wound drape.
40. The wound drape of claim 38, wherein the modulus of elasticity of the flexible sheet gradually changes from the inner portion to the edge.
41. The wound drape of claim 38, wherein the thickness of the flexible sheet gradually increases from the inner portion to the edge such that the edge is thicker than the inner portion.
42. The wound drape of claim 38, wherein the thickness of the flexible sheet gradually decreases from the inner portion to the edge such that the edge is thinner than the inner portion.
wherein the first isotropic zone and the second isotropic zone are configured to provide the flexible sheet with anisotropic stretching properties.
45. The method of claim 44 wherein the first isotropic zone has a first thickness (t1) and the second isotropic zone has a second thickness (t2) and wherein the first thickness is greater than the second thickness (t1>t2).
46. The method of claim 44 wherein the first isotropic zone has a first thickness (t1) and the second isotropic zone has a second thickness (t2) and wherein the first thickness is greater than one hundred five percent (105%) of the second thickness (t1>105% t2).
47. The method of claim 44 wherein the first isotropic zone comprises a first material having a first modulus of elasticity (λ1); the second isotropic zone comprises a second material having a second modulus of elasticity (λ2); and the first modulus of elasticity is greater than the second modulus of elasticity (λ1>λ2).
48. The method of claim 44 wherein the first isotropic zone is substantially parallel with the second isotropic zone.
49. The method of claim 44 wherein the first isotropic zone is substantially concentric with the second isotropic zone.
50. The method of claim 44 wherein the first isotropic zone comprises a fluidly inflatable bladder.
ES2372758T3 (en) 2006-01-13 2012-01-26 Convatec Technologies Inc. Device and system for compression treatment of a body part.
NL1020049C2 (en) 2002-02-22 2003-08-25 Two Beats B V An apparatus and system for treating a wound in the skin of a patient.
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2019-04-18T12:56:18Z
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https://patents.google.com/patent/US20120191054A1/en
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Arts
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Health
| 0.382044 |
stthomas
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Chase, Rae Lynne, "Accessibility and Reliability of Early Childhood Mental Health Services" (2016). Social Work Master’s Clinical Research Papers. 549.
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2019-04-23T13:59:20Z
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https://ir.stthomas.edu/ssw_mstrp/549/
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Arts
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Health
| 0.509706 |
greens
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S/R 19: Will Human Genes Be Spliced into Food for People?
Will Human Genes Be Spliced into Food for People?
...they fell into the vats; and when they were fished out, there was never enough of them left to be worth exhibiting, —sometimes they would be overlooked for days, till all but the bones of them had gone out to the world as Durham's Pure Leaf Lard!
Exactly what constitutes cannibalism is less clear than it might seem. Everyone would agree that eating a human finger is cannibalism. But what about the tip of a finger? If you eat food cooked with lard which includes fragments of a slaughterhouse worker, is that cannibalism?
The problem of inserting human genes into food destined for human consumption is not so different. Is it cannibalism to eat food with one human gene? What about 50 human genes or an entire human chromosome? How much human material spliced into a living organism would make a product "essentially human?"
Just as people are unlikely to agree on how much genetic material constitutes "humanness," they are likely to differ on the conditions under which it is moral or immoral to consume food with human components. Given such a lack of consensus, we might expect that there would be a national discussion of using human genes in food.
Eating food with human genetic components would certainly run counter to the moral or religious beliefs of more than a few people... Food corporations and government agencies have acted as though there are no moral issues involved in the decisions they have made concerning what reaches consumers.
Eating food with human genetic components would certainly run counter to the moral or religious beliefs of more than a few people. Even those who do not agree with their values are likely to defend their right to practice their beliefs. This would suggest that, even if there was no debate on whether or not to produce food with human genes, if it were done, such food should be labeled so that those who choose not to consume it could do so.
While these might seem to be reasonable expectations, food corporations and government agencies have acted as though there are no moral issues involved in the decisions they have made concerning what reaches consumers. Experimentation with introducing human genes into the food supply is already well advanced. There is good reason to suspect that the number of human genes in food will increase during the next few years. As this happens, industry is developing rationalizations of why human genes in food is not an issue deserving attention and governments are making it increasingly difficult for people to find out exactly what they are eating.
Scientists with the U.S. Department of Agriculture put human growth hormone genes into pig embryos to produce faster growing hogs. The project was abandoned, partly because the resulting pigs were so deformed that some could not support their own weight.
Putting human genes into plants would go beyond crossing the species barrier. It would cross the kingdom barrier.
Could another research team overcome these problems and successfully implant human genes into pigs or cattle or goats or chickens? If one gene worked pretty well, could 20, 100 or 1000 genes work even better? In 1997, Japanese researchers reported inserting a complete human chromosome into mice to produce human antibodies. This transplanted 50 times as much human genetic information as had previously been accomplished.
Transplanting human genes into animals destined for human consumption is not a fantasy of a hypothetical future—it is history which can be expanded.
One gene which could be put into human food with current technology is human growth hormone (hGH). Genetech received a patent for a genetically engineered hGH in the 1980s in order to treat children with dwarfism. By the 1990s, sales of the synthetic hGH were booming as parents bought it for kids they thought were too short. There is nothing to prohibit a milk producer or hamburger chain from using hGH and advertising that using its products will guarantee that your kids will grow.
Putting human genes into plants would go beyond crossing the species barrier (plant to plant or animal to animal). It would cross the kingdom barrier (animal to plant). This barrier has already been broken, with transfers of firefly genes to corn, hamster genes to tobacco and flounder genes to tomatoes.
An article in the December 18, 1998 Science magazine discusses the possibility of producing edible insulin using transgenic plants. The author cites research which used a cholera toxin to implant human insulin into potatoes. Eating the potatoes with GE insulin delayed the onset of symptoms in diabetes-prone mice.
Human genes may also be put into plants as part of the "functional food" fad of biotech companies. Such foods would be designed for specific health problems. In early 1998, I heard Monsanto Senior Executive Arnold Donald describe such foods. The corporate visionary shared his dream that one day Americans could go into McDonald's and order food specially engineered for their health needs. If scientists put human genes into bovine embryos to produce milk for easy digestion by human infants, why not investigate whether human genes put into plants could be a real or imagined solution to dietary problems?
If human genes were successfully introduced into plants, their transgenic pollen could contaminate neighboring fields. Despite industry propaganda denying the likelihood of such "genetic pollution," it has happened repeatedly. In one celebrated case, the October 25 Daily News reported that the British government expects to charge Monsanto that pollen from its Roundup-resistant canola test site in Lincolnshire spread to an adjoining non-GE canola plot.
Unlike cars with exploding gas tanks, genetic alterations cannot be recalled. Human genes introduced into potatoes or any other crop could become a permanent part of that species.
When I presented this issue to the St. Louis Ethical Society in November, 1998, one person commented, "I work for the Human Genome Diversity Project and I cannot understand the problem with using human genes in food for people. Genes are just molecules. Human genes are no different from other genes."
The view that moving genes around is just a technical problem with no moral implications is central to the "reductionist" ideology of biotech. Reductionism maintains that all activity can be explained by (or reduced to) the movement of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and a few other atoms and therefore human activity and consciousness are not unique. Variants of the reductionist view are so pervasive that many environmentalists fall prey to them. Some have challenged my saying that "human genes are quite different from other genes" with the objection that over 99% of human genes are shared with chimpanzees. This ignores the fact that even if there were no more than 0.1% of human genes which were not shared with other species, it is precisely this 0.1% which the genetic engineers are targeting for transplantation. A non-reductionist world view understands that genes interact with each other to produce activity which cannot be explained by analyzing them in isolation-only a tiny number of distinctly human genes may be necessary for interaction with other genes to produce the unique aspects of humanness.
Human genes introduced into ... any ... crop could become a permanent part of that species.
1. Who decides what material (such as human genes) is put into food?
2. Will consumers know what is in food so that they can make choices based on their personal and religious beliefs?
The last thing the food industry wants is a national debate which suggests that society itself should determine uses of biotechnology. They push the image of a masterful "Science of Biotechnology" marching inevitably forward. They see no reason to discuss what should or should not be put in food because they intend to put anything in food which is technically feasible and economically profitable. To them profit equals morality and everything else is a nuisance factor to be handled by a PR department.
Agribusiness has successfully persuaded the US Department of Agriculture to accept that genetically engineered products should only be labeled if there is a problem with safety or nutrition and that labels should not be required because of a "process of production," such as introducing a human gene. When a tomato with a flounder gene was introduced, the fact that consumers would not know that it had an animal gene was not treated as a problem. The company recalled it because picking and packing equipment did not handle it well.
If a tomato which violated personal beliefs of vegetarians could be sold without being labeled, it is clear that food with human genes would not require labeling simply because it violated the moral or religious beliefs of many consumers.
Industry spokespersons argue that it should be illegal to require labeling of food sold internationally "merely" because it is genetically engineered. They reason that requiring labeling for other than safety reasons could cater to anti-GE biases prevalent in some countries. In the language of trade agreements, this would be a "non-tariff barrier to trade."
At the beginning of this century, image control by the food industry was crude and unsophisticated. They simply covered up everything they did. When Upton Sinclair exposed their practices, the Pure Food and Drug Act followed the same year.
Agribusiness not only is introducing human genes into food without a national discussion — they are moving to make sure that people do not know enough about what they are eating for such a discussion to occur.
The massive explosion of public relations during the twentieth century has resulted in a food industry which is smooth and slick in its ability to rationalize its activity and manipulate international law. This could make it more difficult to restrict food contamination now. Agribusiness not only is introducing human genes into food without a national discussion-they are moving to make sure that people do not know enough about what they are eating for such a discussion to occur.
Daily News (United Kingdom), October 25, 1998.
Donald, A. (April 2, 1998) The Power of Biotechnology, Talk to the University of Missouri at St. Louis Business School.
Moffat, A.S. (December 18, 1998). Toting up the early harvest of transgenic plants. Science Magazine, 282 (5387), 2176-2178.
Rampton, S., & Stauber, J. (1997) Mad Cow U.S.A. Monroe, ME: Common Courage Press.
Rifkin, J. (1998) The Biotech Century. New York: Putnam.
Shiva, V. (1997) Biopiracy: The Plunder of Nature and Knowledge. Boston: South End Press.
Don Fitz is active in the Gateway Green Alliance, which hosted the July, 1998 "First Grassroots Gathering on Biodevastation: Genetic Engineering." A member of the Industrial Workers of the World and The Greens/Green Party USA, he can be reached at fitzdon@aol.com. The author would like to thank Brian Tokar for thoughts in developing this article.
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2019-04-25T05:58:54Z
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http://www.greens.org/s-r/19/19-08.html
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Arts
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Business
| 0.277261 |
dur
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Most of the Durham records (which include the second largest monastic archive in England) are held in Durham University Library, Durham Cathedral Library and Durham County Record Office, though there is some material in the British Library, the Bodleian Library and the National Archives.
A mass of evidence for the interface between drama and liturgy, and between monastic and lay communities. This includes many detailed financial records, two 14th-century liturgical manuscripts with ‘stage directions’ for dramatic ceremonies, and The Rites of Durham, a late-16th-century recusant work which describes the dramatic ceremonies of the pre-reformation Cathedral. Some ceremonies, like those on Good Friday, are typical of the medieval western church, while others, including two boy bishops around Ascension Tide, appear to be particular to Durham. The procession and plays on Corpus Christi day can be interestingly contrasted with those at York, Beverley and Newcastle.
Records of folk drama, including the earliest known Plough Ceremony (first recorded in 1378); a folk-play man/woman figure (1433-34); a stag ceremony, suppressed in 1315, which the priory regarded (probably correctly) as pre-Christian; and the Durham Cantata, a 16th-century musical fragment which describes celebrations on the Feast of St. Cuthbert, including a Robin Hood play and a ‘young maids’ procession’.
The names, skills and patrons of a large variety of performers, including musicians, waits, fools, a dwarf, a man with a performing dog, a wrestler, an Italian exhibitor of what was claimed to be a dragon, and companies with royal or noble patronage.
Further material can be expected to emerge from chronicle and antiquarian sources that have still to be searched. These records will be made available in a transcribed but unedited format on this page in the near future.
Beaurepaire (ruin) Ruins 54.785679, -1.638454 Beaurepaire, or 'Bearpark', Durham, County Durham DH7. Prior's manor house, originally built by Prior Bertram (1244-58), destroyed by the Scots and later rebuilt by Prior Fosser, c.1346. At one time it included some 1300 acres of hunting park.
Chapel of St. Mary Magdalen (ruin) Ruins 54.780245,-1.562107 13th-century Chapel of St. Mary Magdalen (ruin), Gilesgate, Durham, County Durham.
Church of St Laurence, Pittington Church, abbey, priory or similar 54.786001, -1.490277 Church of St Laurence, 1 Hallgarth, High Pittington, Durham DH6 1AB.
Church of St Mary-le-Bow, Durham Church, abbey, priory or similar 54.77396,-1.574525 Church of St Mary-le-Bow, Durham. Houses the Durham Museum and Heritage Centre. Current building is a 1670s rebuild of original medieval parish church.
Durham Castle Castle 54.77573,-1.576327 Durham Castle. University College Durham. Palace Green, Durham DH1 3RW.
Durham Cathedral Library Library, archive or collection 54.773217,-1.577035 Durham Cathedral Library, (‘The Chapter Library’), Mon.-Fri., 9:30-4:45, Access to the Library is from the South Cloister, up a flight of stairs. Library Search Room by appointment only. Contact: gabriel.sewell@durhamcathedral.co.uk; or janet.gunning@durhamcathedral.co.uk; General Enquiries: library@durhamcathedral.co.uk; tel. +44(0) 191 386 2489; Historic (pre-1800) collections: visit the Search Room by appointment (letter required). Some cat. searches at www.dur.ac.uk/library/asc/cathedral.
Finchale Priory (ruin) Ruins 54.817625, -1.539792 Finchale Priory, Brasside, Durham, County Durham DH1 5SH. A daughter house to Durham Priory, this Benedictine house was established in 1196 by Bishop Hugh Pudsey and his son Henry and was thought to be the burial site of Godric of Finchale (12th century). It was disestablished in 1535.
St Giles' Church, Durham Church, abbey, priory or similar 54.778006, -1.560223 St Giles' Church, Gilesgate, Durham, Durham, DH1 1QQ, United Kingdom, Church Ln, Durham, County Durham DH1 1QQ. Dedicated by Bishop Flambard on June 1112 as the chapel of the Hospital of St. Giles. The north nave wall dates from c.1114; chancel late 12th cent.; tower early 13th and early C15th; much of the rest of the building is 19th cent.
St Laurence Church (RC) Church, abbey, priory or similar 54.976296, -1.573588 St. Laurence Church, Pittington, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear NE6 2NS. The current building dates from c. 1100.
St Nicholas' Church, Durham Church, abbey, priory or similar 54.777635,-1.575361 St Nicholas' Church, Market Place, Durham DH1 3NJ. Current building was built in 1858 to replace an earlier 12th-century church. There were originally 3 guilds/fraternities attached to the church: of Our Lady, of St. Nicholas, and of Corpus Christi. The latter was responsible for the festivities of Corpus Christi Day, organising the guild procession to accompany the Shrine of the Corpus Christi from St. Nicholas' to the Cathedral and back. '[The shrine had] on the height thereof … a four-square box of chrystal, wherein was inclosed the Holy Sacrament of the Altar'; it was saved by the parishioners of St. Nicholas until 1546, when the Commissioner Dr. Harvey 'did tread upon it with his feet and broke it into pieces', as part of a Reformation visitation (see http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=42612).
St. Mary the Less Church, abbey, priory or similar 54.771840, -1.575588 Church of St. Mary the Less, currently the Chapel of St. John's College, Durham, 3 S Bailey, Durham DH1 3RJ, UK. Founded c. 1140 by one of the Bulmers, Lord of Brancepeth.
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2019-04-20T06:43:07Z
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http://community.dur.ac.uk/reed.ne/?page_id=10
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Arts
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Arts
| 0.338411 |
typepad
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1. Amanda Seyfried attended the Late Night Show with David Letterman in a Gorgeous Michael Korrs number that reminded me severly of the Dolce & Gabana's Baroque Collection, Legs look endless and face nice and Soft (quite unlike when she ties her hair tight in a bun #blekh), Naomi Watts on the other hand was much more under stated but no less gorgeous at the SIlver Lining Playbook event wearing a Stella McCartney Spring 2013 number with Valentino Sandals.
4. And on the Local front, Sublime which easily features in my top 5 favourite Pakistan design houses made its Winter 2012 Collection available at its Flagship store here in Lahore (YES, winters start a bit late here)... But then, the other day I was over at Nishat Linen trying to get hold of some fabric but they were all out with no intention of replenishing till the Spring Collection in February... hello?!? Yes that makes us a little undecided on when Winters start here.
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2019-04-20T18:35:37Z
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https://siddysays.typepad.com/blog/2012/12/this-week-i-december-21-2012.html
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Arts
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Shopping
| 0.947673 |
uhi
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Here at Argyll College UHI we want to make sure that whilst you’re studying you can be confident in the knowledge that your little ones are well cared for too in our excellent and modern childcare facility, Little Learners’ Nursery.
Located within the private grounds of Argyll College, Dunstaffnage Learning Centre, near Dunbeg, Oban, we can provide day care for up to 32 children from the ages of three months to five years.
The nursery opened in 2006 and is registered with the Care Inspectorate. We have a dedicated team who are committed to your child’s happiness, ensuring that they feel relaxed and at home in their new environment so that they can reach their full potential and have the best possible start in life.
Our main playroom can take up to 26 children aged between two and five. It’s bright and well-resourced and has a diverse collection of toys to stimulate your child. We have loads of ideas for fun activities too. Your child will have plenty of opportunity to develop their self-confidence and self-expression, with lots of social experiences with other adults and children.
In addition, the nursery has two further smaller rooms for up to six younger children aged between three months and two years. These offer a quieter environment for feeding, sleeping and a variety of fun activities to help the babies and young children develop their senses and physical abilities. It’s also the perfect place for a cosy chat, reading stories, singing songs and rhymes.
We have a great outdoor area too and we encourage the children to use it as much as possible, whatever the weather! So long as they’re wrapped up warm there’s plenty to explore and discover. We are privileged to be based in such stunning surroundings and we offer regular outings to the nearby beaches and Dunstaffnage Castle.
A cooked meal is available daily and is prepared using fresh ingredients. We actively plan menus to encourage good eating habits. All snacks and drinks are healthy options too.
Our main focus, though, is to provide a safe, fun and stimulating environment for your child to learn through play and interaction.
We encourage parents and carers to pop by at any time to see how your child is progressing. Additionally, we have a notice board to inform you of all that’s going on and any future activities planned. From the age of two your child will have a dedicated ‘Key Worker’ who will plan activities to meet your child’s individual needs and plan the next steps of learning.
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2019-04-18T22:23:33Z
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https://www.argyll.uhi.ac.uk/students/childcare/
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Recreation
| 0.885408 |
brandeis
|
At Saint Sulpice, a magnificent church in Paris, there is a famous gnomon made up of three different parts. Against one of the walls of the church is a tall obelisk. Running down the obelisk and across the floor of the church is a brass line set in white marble. And, in a window opposite the obelisk, there is a small hole that lets in a shaft of light on sunny days.
This entry was posted in Children, Science and tagged Gnomon, Light, Time on July 8, 2018 by James Morris.
When I was a teenager and young adult, I always looked forward to reading Chet Raymo’s column called “Science Musings” in The Boston Globe. Chet Raymo is Professor Emeritus of Physics at Stonehill College in Easton, Massachusetts, and a well-known science writer. His short essays are reflections on science, education, and the natural world.
One of these essays, from the mid-1990s, made such an impression on me that I clipped it out and filed it in my “Science Education” folder, where I keep articles related to science and teaching. The essay is titled “Teaching a Sense of Wonder.” Here, Raymo makes a plea to 6th-grade science teachers, asking them not to emphasize terms and facts, but instead to stand back and think about what every middle school student should learn in a science class.
He boils it down to five important concepts, one of which is the history of life on Earth.
This entry was posted in Children, Evolution, Science and tagged Earth, Evolution, Time on June 18, 2017 by James Morris.
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2019-04-23T02:38:26Z
|
http://blogs.brandeis.edu/sciencewhys/tag/time/
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Arts
|
Science
| 0.713115 |
squarespace
|
TBF, they are only following in the footsteps of the C of E - perhaps world religions (well the Western ones, anyway) will finally unite to form the new Left-theism.
Why is there so much repetition in the item?
which will destroy heaven and earth unless we change our ways.
and the hockey-stick graph, born of Professor Mann.
was crucified, disproven, and was buried.
It was cast on the reject pile.
On the third day It rose again.
and is displayed in a prominent position in all IPCC literature.
It will apply again as soon as global temperatures start rising.
Later part of the first paragraph is repeated, by the GWPF, I think. Doesn't seem to be in Lawson's original at the Mail.
8 Major False Gods are mentioned in the Old Testament and probably by Indiana Jones.
Also called Astarte, or Ashtoroth (plural), this goddess of the Canaanites was connected with fertility and maternity. Worship of Ashtoreth was strong at Sidon. She was sometimes called a consort or companion of Baal. King Solomon, influenced by his foreign wives, fell into Ashtoreth worship, which led to his downfall.
In 1 Samuel 5:1-5, after the Philistines captured the ark of the covenant, they placed it in their temple next to Dagon. The next day Dagon's statue was toppled to the floor. They set it upright, and the next morning it was again on the floor, with the head and hands broken off. Later, the Philistines put King Saul's armor in their temple and hung his severed head in the temple of Dagon.
Now fallen bored Christians can make Gaia number 9.
* one time appearing as a "fake skeptic"
|
2019-04-22T18:55:52Z
|
http://bishophill.squarespace.com/blog/2015/6/26/a-prayer-for-our-times-by-dominic-lawson.html
|
Arts
|
Reference
| 0.434762 |
aminus3
|
innereyephotography | sherenehustler (Johannesburg, South Africa) on 19 December 2010 in People & Portrait.
Great! Love the movement and the colours.
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2019-04-19T17:11:11Z
|
https://innereyephotography.aminus3.com/image/2010-12-19.html
|
Arts
|
Arts
| 0.963642 |
alwaysontherun
|
We are the attorneys for Experience Hendrix, LLC, the assignee of the Estate of Jimi Hendrix.
Our client is the copyright proprietor of a vast catalog of musical compositions created by the late Jimi Hendrix.
It has come to our attention that http://www.alwaysontherun.net has listed Jimi Hendrix song lyrics and a photo via its website without a license or authorization. We have no record of having issued a license to http://www.alwayontherun.net or any other company, for this use. Our client previously advised you, via e-mail on February 13, 2004 (copy attached) that you are not authorized to do same.
MARKETING OR DISTRIBUTING THESE LYRICS AND PHOTO OF JIMI HENDRIX.
we shall assume that an amicable resolution is not possible and shall proceed accordingly.
i'm sorry 'bout this letter.
But, couldn't you warn us before you will it take down?
ouch dude. i'm really sorry this had to happen, lenny. the hendrix page is actually what brought me here (i bet you're wishing it hadn't haha).
damn the man, save the empire!!!
i like many things and many people. this could include you.
"Fiston, à bon écrivain, bon stylo"
Thats pretty typical and sickening. Yet his music is used to sell automobiles...lovely.
Very threatening sounding letter wasn't it. Such pompous douchery is what I've come to expect from the legal aspects of modern, 1st-world societies around the world.
Aldo Poulaga, nice job with the link.
|
2019-04-26T07:46:51Z
|
http://www.alwaysontherun.net/forum/viewtopic.php?p=1328&
|
Arts
|
Society
| 0.635927 |
menshealth
|
Today I'm going to urge you swap some of your TV watching for short, burst workouts. First, the bad news.
Okay, that's not good. But this is.
And it might be the most interesting – and SHOCKING – workout study ever.
Both training groups increased their aerobic fitness levels by the SAME amount (about 7-8%). That’s right, the short bodyweight workouts (of 4 minutes) worked just as well as 30 minutes of cardio. Shocking.
BUT…only Group B, the TT style training, also increased muscular endurance in common exercises like chest presses, leg extensions, sit-ups, and push-ups.
And finally, the TT style training used by Group B also resulted in greater overall workout enjoyment.
The Crazy Canadian Scientists concluded that “extremely low volume bodyweight interval-style training” will boost cardiovascular fitness just as well as cardio while giving you BETTER improvements in muscle endurance. All in just 4 minutes.
Stay strong through the dips this week and keep the momentum going with your wins. Plan ahead for the obstacles and you'll make big progress.
PS - You can bounce back from anything. No matter how bad it was, no how tough it is, you come back. Stronger. There will be better days.
|
2019-04-19T06:19:33Z
|
https://www.menshealth.com/fitness/a19524570/shocking-new-cardio-research/
|
Arts
|
Science
| 0.653601 |
weebly
|
Write it down, this year’s 2015 World Series Champions, the San Francisco Giants. What??? They didn’t make the playoffs? Ooops, I forgot, it’s not an even year.
Speaking of baseball, another anti-climatic year for the Dodgers. Just shows to go you, you can’t buy a world championship.
Ever hear of a group intentionally messing up a play or routine to help them focus? Senior Cheerleader Daphni Fraguglia claims just that. “We did it one time and it just helped us get ready,” states Fraguglia. Hopefully, sophomore flyer Megan Moua isn’t dropped on her noggin.
2012 BC graduate Aaron Cochran is making quite a name for himself this year as an offensive lineman for the Cal Bears. Head coach Sonny Dykes gushed at a recent press conference,"Aaron just keeps getting better," Dykes said. "I think he gets better week to week. It's exciting to see that because Aaron's such a big kid, such a good athlete and has so much potential."
Good to see wrestling coach Eric Osmer out the wheelchair and getting around after a summer motorcycle wreck in Columbus, Ohio. Osmer sustained a broken ankle (4 different places) and collarbone in the crash. For Christmas, Osmer is requesting a motorcycle seat belt.
The Golden State Warriors enter the new NBA season with a world championship and a target on their back. While other teams have beefed up their lineups in order to compete with Curry and company, the smart money says that the warriors will make it to the finals once again.
The 3-5 varsity girls volleyball team prepares for opponents by drinking C4 energy drink and dancing, along with Coach Kuuipolani to pump-up songs before matches. Word is that Macy Oh has the best moves but that Micaela Clark is nipping at her heals. Remember Ms. Oh, uneasy lies the head that wears the crown.
|
2019-04-20T18:10:44Z
|
http://buhachtimes.weebly.com/around-the-world-of-sport-in-two-minutes.html
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Arts
|
Sports
| 0.510349 |
pbs
|
PALM BEACH, Fla. — President Donald Trump tweeted Friday that he has reversed his administration’s decision to slap new sanctions on North Korea, with his press secretary explaining that he “likes” leader Kim Jong Un and doesn’t think they’re necessary.
It was the latest example of Trump’s unusual governance-by-tweet. Trump’s proclamations have often caught agency officials by surprise, leaving them scrambling to figure out what he’s directing and to implement his directives.
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2019-04-23T19:20:28Z
|
https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/trump-says-hes-reversing-north-korea-sanctions-taking-treasury-department-by-surprise
|
Arts
|
News
| 0.853602 |
prnewswire
|
PARK CITY, Utah, Dec. 5, 2017 /PRNewswire/ -- LuMee LLC, creator of the original patented, illuminated LuMee®, LuMee Two™ and LuMee Duo™ cases, today unveiled the LuMee Duo™ and LuMee Selfie™ cases for iPhone X. The new cases offer a 15% thinner design, pass through wireless charging capability, softer rails for easy removal, a detachable wrist strap to effortlessly capture impromptu photos and enhanced lighting to complement the phone's portrait feature, making the LuMee iPhone X cases the sleekest and most technologically advanced products LuMee has ever produced.
Like the original LuMee Duo, the new LuMee Duo for iPhone X has front and back-facing LED lights on both sides of the case, now with four additional LEDs on the back to provide brighter rear-facing lighting to capture life's special moments. Similar to the LuMee Two, The LuMee Selfie for iPhone X is equipped with two rows of LED lighting on the front of the case, providing a professional glow that allows users to take their photos to the next level, because every selfie should be a LuMee selfie.
"As a professional photographer, I developed LuMee with the goal of offering all mobile photography enthusiasts a tool for creativity that outshines all others, which is why as smartphones advance, LuMee cases advance right alongside them," said Allan Shoemake, Creative Director and inventor of the original LuMee case. "Complementary to the iPhone X's advanced picture-taking capabilities, the LuMee Duo and LuMee Selfie cases for iPhone X provide continuous illumination for photos and videos; featuring soft, flattering, customizable ambient lighting that brightens and heightens all mobile studio needs, from start to finish."
The LuMee Duo for iPhone X, available for pre-order at LuMee.com today, comes in Rose Matte, Black Matte, Pearl White and White Marble, retailing for $69.95. Available for pre-sale later this month, The LuMee Selfie for iPhone X will be available in Black Marble and Pink Quartz, retailing for $49.95.
"The LuMee Duo and LuMee Selfie for iPhone X were created to grant customers instant accessibility to capture breathtaking images and videos of the highest quality, straight from the iPhone X, with the idea that every moment can be a well-captured memory," said Robert G. Pedersen II, partner and LuMee's Chairman and CEO. "As our most advanced technology to date, LuMee's iPhone X cases are unlike any others on the market and are an absolute must-have for all mobile content creators."
In addition to the new iPhone X cases, LuMee is expanding its accessory offerings, which will soon include the LuMee Power Light, a power charger with an LED lighting panel and a USB-C charging port to allow for ultra-fast charging capabilities. The Power Light is another great tool that provides an additional light source for photographers and cinematographers, offering a strobe light effect and dimming capabilities. Available for purchase at LuMee.com on December 15th, the Power Light will retail for $49.95 and comes in Rose and Black. LuMee's new line of accessories also includes the LuMee Ring, available in Rose Matte and Black Matte for $9.95, and LuMee Wallet, available in Rose Matte and Black Matte for $12.95, both on sale now on LuMee.com.
LuMee® is one of the fastest-growing consumer electronics accessories and lighting companies in the world, with a line of smartphone cases that enable users to capture professional quality images and create optimal conditions for video chatting. Since the 2014 launch of the LuMee® Case, the brand's flagship and patented front-facing LED lit smartphone protective case, the company has caught the eye of celebrities and trendsetters like Kim Kardashian West, who rave about the product's ability to achieve the perfect smartphone photo. Co-founder & partner Allan Shoemake, a professional photographer who has taken pictures of many U.S. presidents and celebrities, devised the concept as a way to improve mobile phone lighting in his own life; now, the company, with offices in in Park City and Holladay, Utah, is revolutionizing the way mobile photographers of all skill levels are able to shoot images on their smartphone. LuMee Cases range from $49.95 to $69.95 and are available in many colors. To order or for more information, visit LuMee.com.
|
2019-04-23T09:21:57Z
|
https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/lumee-announces-two-illuminated-smartphone-cases-for-iphone-x-300566927.html
|
Arts
|
Shopping
| 0.793076 |
reuters
|
MONTE CARLO (Reuters) - AC Milan’s Kaka was named European club player of the year by UEFA on Thursday.
The Brazilian also collected the award for best forward during last season’s Champions League.
Chelsea’s Petr Cech was named the best goalkeeper from last season’s tournament. AC Milan’s Paolo Maldini won the best defender award while team mate Clarence Seedorf was judged to be the best midfielder.
|
2019-04-22T10:15:01Z
|
https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-soccer-champions-awards/kaka-named-uefas-european-club-player-of-the-year-idUKL3086976420070830
|
Arts
|
Sports
| 0.733855 |
jamaicaobserver
|
BASSETERRE, St Kitts (CMC) — Prime Minister Dr Timothy Harris has condemned the attack that led to the death of one woman and injured another in Nevis early Monday.
In a release on Tuesday, Harris said the incident that took place in Cotton Ground, was in “shocking contrast with the values espoused during this season of reverence”.
The police report that early Monday, Moreall Webbe, 28 was killed and Sonia Grant , 34, sustained injuries when the car in which they were travelling was riddled with bullets.
“I tender my deepest sympathy to the families and loved ones who are grieving during this difficult time and offer my assurance that justice will be done,” the prime minister said.
He said the “heinous incident serves as a lurid reminder that we all need to band together and look out for one another to stamp out the scourge of crime”.
The prime minister also said that crime can have an impact on anyone and encouraged residents to support security officials “because they stand up for us each and every day on the frontlines in the war on crime”.
“This is not a fight that we intend to lose. With God’s help, we will do mighty things, to include taking our society back and making it the best place for people to work, live, vacation and invest, and from this goal we will not waver,” he said.
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2019-04-20T00:15:05Z
|
http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/St-Kitts-PM-condemns-attack-on-women-in-Nevis
|
Arts
|
News
| 0.773609 |
csiro
|
The secret life of the scribbly gum moth has been revealed, including how and where these moths develop and how they make their scribbles.
Walking on water… a miracle?
It's still a mystery why the green and yellow Plague Soldier Beetle, found in temperate southeastern Australia, occasionally builds up to massive numbers.
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2019-04-25T02:53:16Z
|
https://blog.csiro.au/category/environment/page/46/
|
Arts
|
Science
| 0.368919 |
usfca
|
Lab assignments are graded in class, office hours, or the lab section. This means you will receive timely feedback and can correct any issues with your code or understanding of the concepts being covered.
Each assignment will include a description of the problem, breakdown of points, permitted libraries, etc. You are free to discuss assignments with your classmates, but sharing code or pseudocode is not acceptable.
Assignment deadlines are posted on Canvas. Generally lab assignments are due by the end of the following lab section (~one week). Turn in via git.
Late lab assignments are not accepted. If you have not had your lab checked off, you will receive a 0.
Each student is allocated 3 ‘slip days’ that can be used to turn in projects late. To use slip days, continue working past the deadline and email the course instructor when you are finished. If you do not inform the instructor, your original submission will be graded.
|
2019-04-22T06:35:10Z
|
https://www.cs.usfca.edu/~mmalensek/cs326/assignments/
|
Arts
|
Reference
| 0.183747 |
brain-damage
|
On September 28th, 2018, Pink Floyd Records are releasing on heavyweight 2LP 180-gram vinyl, the 2011 compilation A Foot In The Door - The Best of Pink Floyd. This is the first time it has been available on vinyl, being released as a CD only, originally, and gathers tracks from throughout much of the band's career, taking in selections (chosen by members of the band) from 1967-1994. It is the latest in the series of vinyl releases, and bears catalogue number PFRLP21.
The tracks have been newly mastered for vinyl by longstanding Pink Floyd associate James Guthrie, with Joel Plante, and with lacquers cut by Bernie Grundman of Grundman Mastering in Los Angeles, California. This 2LP version features the reinstated version of Time, with the ringing alarm clocks at the start of the track restored, after being omitted on the CD release.
The original sleeve design, has been amended by Pink Floyd Creative Director Aubrey Powell of Hipgnosis and Peter Curzon, to include alternate versions of the photographs used in the original CD version. The album package comes in a gatefold outer sleeve, with two separate printed inner bags, and is pressed on heavyweight 180-gram vinyl.
To order A Foot In The Door - The Best of Pink Floyd, please use these direct links (some of which aren't live yet, but please keep trying!): Amazon UK, Amazon.com, Amazon Canada, Amazon France, Amazon Germany, Amazon Spain and Amazon Italy. Using our Amazon links also helps us hugely with ongoing site running costs and we really appreciate it!
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2019-04-24T16:23:49Z
|
http://www.brain-damage.co.uk/latest/a-foot-in-the-door-the-best-of-pink-floyd-coming-on-2lp-180g-heavyweight.html
|
Arts
|
Shopping
| 0.740129 |
artistsnetwork
|
Successful and cyber-savvy fiber artist and business woman Jane Davila explains how you can use social media to forge a community and reach potential customers and clients faster and more inexpensively than ever before. On March 27, 2013, she’ll discuss the pros and cons of all the major social media outlets and even show you how to create an avatar for your site!
Read more about this free webinar here.
Sponsored by Quilting Daily, a friendly online community where you’ll meet other contemporary quilting and fiber art enthusiasts; learn new techniques and tips from world-renowned artists, teachers, and other experts; meet up-and-coming quilt and fabric designers and authors; access the latest FREE art quilting, machine stitching, and surface design tutorials; and more!
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2019-04-19T08:21:13Z
|
https://www.artistsnetwork.com/art-mediums/watercolor/making-art-business-connections-social-media-tips/
|
Arts
|
Business
| 0.522564 |
voanews
|
U.S. federal authorities say they are investigating a series of fires at predominantly black churches in recent days, but there is no indication the blazes are related.
The FBI and the U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives are investigating the fires, which have occurred at six different churches in five southern states.
The Southern Poverty Law Center, a civil rights group that tracks hate crimes, said only three of the six fires appear to be true cases of arson.
An official with that group, Mark Potok, told ABC News while those three fires at churches in Tennessee, Georgia and North Carolina may have been intentionally set, it is unlikely they were done in an organized and unified fashion.
The fires have come in the days following the June 17 shooting by a white gunman that killed nine people at Emanuel AME church, a historically black church in Charleston, South Carolina. The suspected gunman, Dylann Roof, had posted pictures of himself on the Internet with symbols of white supremacy.
The fires also occurred at a time when there has been increasing public pressure to remove the Confederate flag from government buildings and public places.
|
2019-04-25T22:55:15Z
|
https://www.voanews.com/a/fires-at-black-churches/2842515.html
|
Arts
|
News
| 0.879593 |
80snostalgia
|
It’s not much of a life when you’re just a pretty face. Just to be whoever you are is no disgrace. Don’t be scared if you don’t fit in, look who’s in the reject bin. It’s the Raggy Dolls, Raggy Dolls, dolls like you and me. Right! Stop there! I can put up with the rest of the lyrics basically spelling out that I am one of lifes losers, thank you very much I was doing fine up until then thinking I had no life worries. Then I’m told to look in the reject bin. So, you’re calling me a reject now are you? Gee thanks.
Ah, you think to yourself, they’re dolls in the reject bin. That’s OK, I’m not a doll, so therefore I’m not really a reject. Oh no, you are, the lyrics say so – dolls like you and me.
If kids didn’t have enough problems with growing up, along comes an influential program that basically spells out to them that they are a complete waste of space. OK, the Raggy Dolls have adventures, but at the end of the day they are still rejects. Nobody wants them.
Nice, just the thing to tell a kid. You can have as much fun as you like, but at the end of the day nobody loves you. You are a waste of space!
Maybe I’m just taking this too literary. Probably, but program makers have to think before they start trying to be Mr and Mrs nice by pointing out that there’s nothing wrong with being a reject. Yes, it a nice thing to say, but nobody likes having the fact that they are a loser pointed out to them. After all, kids programs are designed to appear to be a one-on-one thing. As far as the kid is concerned, this program is about them and nobody else.
Enough ranting, let’s get back onto the subject – The Raggy Dolls. As you might have gathered by now, it’s about a bunch of dolls that didn’t quite make the grade. But that’s OK, because they have lots of adventures and fun together, and always end up helping out someone else in the process. How nice. What would we do without rejects?
Perhaps I’m being a bit too hard here. It’s a good program. I used to watch it as a kid, and thoroughly enjoyed it. As a kid it probably did teach me to be nice to others and it doesn’t matter who someone else is they are after all still a person. Now though, it’s a different story. It’s still an enjoyable program, but unfortunately I have learnt the art of picking holes in the slightest thing. But I’m OK with that because just to be whoever you are is no discrace.
|
2019-04-20T18:37:28Z
|
https://www.80snostalgia.com/the-raggy-dolls/
|
Arts
|
Kids
| 0.426636 |
ign
|
Sid Meier's Civilization VI - Review - the sixth wonder.
This game will go down in history as the most fully-featured launch version in the 25-year series.
Every game in the legendary, 25-year-old Sid Meier’s Civilization 4X strategy series puts a new spin on the grand concept of taking a nation from a single nomadic tribe to a world-dominating superpower, one turn at a time. In that way Civilization VI looks familiar, but it’s loaded with some very smart and bold improvements that give it new levels of depth. Once I get absorbed into a campaign it becomes so engrossing it’s difficult to think about anything else.
Under its colorful, cartography-inspired art style and varied, stirring music that swells to accent what you’re doing and in what era you’re doing it, Civilization VI is crammed with an almost overwhelming number of systems. It’s got trade, it’s got religion, it’s got espionage, it’s got Great People, it’s got archeology, it’s got the kitchen sink. For the most part, that’s awesome because there are so many chances to build out your nation in different ways to take advantage of opportunities on its randomly generated maps and pursue the different victory types, and it’s all baked in at the ground level so that things like trade routes don’t feel tacked on and optional (they are, in fact, the only way to build roads in the early game). This feels like a Civ game that’s already had two expansions.
That can make the first few games feel overwhelming, even with the tutorials. The tutorials are good, but the amount of decisions you’re prompted to make from the very beginning of a game that will have significant impact on your late-game success is intimidating. That said, as an experienced Civilization player I got up to speed relatively quickly and, on my second playthrough, was able to hold my own on King difficulty without understanding everything. I still feel like I’m learning more and more with every game.
A lot of depth emerges from the new city-building system.
A lot of depth emerges from one of the key factors that distinguishes this Civilization from the five that came before it: the new city-building system, in which key buildings like markets, temples, and barracks that have traditionally been built in nearly every city to give them basic functionality have now been broken out into 11 types of “districts” (Commercial Hub, Holy Site, and Encampment, among others). Those districts must be placed on tiles within a city’s borders, and the number of districts you can build is limited by the population of a city, so you’re forced to specialize each city’s function. You might have one city that’s focused on generating science for researching new technology, another focused on creating wealth, and another that builds your military units with experience boosts – or maybe you go full military and build an Encampment in all of them. It creates a lot of possible paths.
What’s more, Wonder buildings (which can only exist in one city in the world and grant big bonuses) also occupy tiles, and many are limited by geography because they must be placed next to a river or a mountain or other terrain, or they have prerequisite buildings you have to build first or adjacent to. All of this cuts down on previous games’ Wonder spam, where one high-production city could crank out wonders quickly, and forces you to build them around your more diverse empire. It’s also great that Wonders are so large and visible on the map, and that they come with impressive in-game animations of their construction.
Because we’re playing on randomized maps every time, effectively laying out your cities’ districts and Wonders is a challenging puzzle. There are loads of tradeoffs to consider, but the biggest is asking if you’d be better off building a district or a Wonder or working the tile they’d occupy for food and production resources, potentially allowing your city to grow bigger in the late game. Those are decisions that always feel like they matter.
The land-grab phase feels urgent and exciting.
Also, in a reversal of Civilization V’s empire-wide happiness level system, in Civilization VI each city’s happiness has reverted back to being individually determined, and is based on how many amenities it has available – happiness is created by luxury resources or happiness-generating buildings (plus a number of other factors). That means rapid empire expansion is back on the table because you don’t need to worry about the founding of new cities having a major impact on the productivity and growth of your major ones, as long as you’re settling in areas that have enough luxury resources to support them. In fact, settling as many new cities as possible feels all but mandatory if you want to be competitive, which makes the land-grab phase of the early- and mid-game eras feel urgent and exciting.
Speaking of the mid game, the changes Firaxis has made to reduce unit clutter from that point on are extremely smart. The first problem in most Civilization games has been that at a certain point you (and all the AI players) get stuck with a dozen or so automated Worker units sitting around idling with no more city tiles to improve, which just makes turns take longer to calculate if you don’t manually disband them. In Civilization VI, Workers (now called Builders) expire after they’ve been used a few times – three, by default, but that can be expanded by government policies or wonders – they’re no longer hanging around doing nothing. And if you need a new one, they’re quick to build and affordable to immediately buy with gold. They can’t be automated, either, which makes the decisions of where to spend their limited charges feel meaningful again as well.
Secondly, when Civilization V switched from allowing you to stack military units onto a single tile (as had been the custom through Civilization IV) to limiting you to one military unit per tile it created a more tactical kind of combat, but also caused an enormous traffic jam when you built a large army. Civilization VI gets that under control by finding a great compromise between stacks and one-unit-per-tile: once you research certain technologies you can combine two and then three identical military units into a single, more powerful corps or army unit (not entirely dissimilar to Civilization IV’s Warlords). Thus the number of military units taking up space and blocking paths in the late game is sharply reduced by a half or even two-thirds, if you choose to take advantage of it. AI armies are also reduced, which means they have fewer things to shuffle around on their turns.
Those AI nations are each guided by one of the 20 available leaders, and each of them has agendas that guide their behavior. That gives diplomacy some much-needed transparency that’s long been missing in Civilization games. Once you’ve established a relationship with a leader through cozying up or espionage, you can see why they’re happy or angry with you and what steps you might be able to take to change that. Egypt’s Cleopatra, for example, likes other civilizations who have strong armies, and Queen Victoria likes nations that started on the same continent as England. They also have a randomized second agenda, such as preferring countries that have a high population or hating those who have more money than they do, so they’re unpredictable in every new game. It’s a big step toward demystifying their behavior.
Some of these agendas are irrational, such as Queen Victoria disliking when you colonize a continent she has her eye on (there’s no way to know which one) or German Emperor Frederick Barbarossa getting mad when you interact with City-States (which you’d have to go out of your way not to do), so it’s basically impossible to not anger someone at some point when you’re simply going about your businesses of taking over the world. But you can mostly balance those offenses out by establishing embassies, conducting trade, respecting treaties, or just being friendly. The one downside I’ve encountered is that in order to see what their motivations are you first have to have a level of access with them, and if you meet a new country in the mid game that dislikes you for unknown reasons it’s very difficult to establish a good enough relationship to find out why they were angry in the first place. And they’re not entirely consistent – they’ll sometimes go from seemingly friendly to aggressive, presumably because they saw an opportunity they couldn’t resist. (To be fair I’ve been guilty of that one myself.) And one time I saw what must’ve been a bug, where an AI first hated me for having a small navy but then for a few turns thought I had a huge navy before realizing I’d never built a single ship and going back to hating me.
|
2019-04-26T14:21:00Z
|
https://me.ign.com/en/civilization-6/125610/review/sid-meiers-civilization-vi-review
|
Arts
|
Shopping
| 0.089936 |
wordpress
|
Fall is often the season we all start looking for a new coat, one that will see us through the colder months, something that will be worn almost every time you brave the weather.
Four new coats have just arrived at coldLogic and they come already layered with a shirt and skirt which are both optional, all available now in store and on the marketplace!
All available in store and on the marketplace!
|
2019-04-23T01:00:04Z
|
https://coldlogic.wordpress.com/2013/11/
|
Arts
|
Shopping
| 0.97973 |
trendhunter
|
Molly Trubody's faux fur clutch is designed for e-retailer CAGECITY. The statement accessory boasts a rainbow-hued design and is inspired by 90s raver looks.
The statement accessory is not only vivid but also features a furry materiality that is cuddly and comfortable to the touch. The soft purse can be paired with a little black dress or an all-white look if you want its color to pop or it can be worn with rich colors for a more eclectic style pairing.
This faux fur clutch is compact and fits all of one's essentials for a night on the town. The accessory is perfect for your mobile phone, wallet and lipstick and is even big enough to be a tablet case for the individual who is fashion-forward in any situation.
|
2019-04-22T16:49:39Z
|
https://www.trendhunter.com/trends/birght-faux-fur-clutch
|
Arts
|
Shopping
| 0.961998 |
typepad
|
Sometimes things have to be seriously corrected.
Sometimes things have to be completely changed.
Sometimes things have to be totally blown up.
And sometimes leaders are forced to implement the nuclear option.
New Hurricane head coach Manny Diaz seized the day and pushed the big red button on the University of Miami offensive football staff.
When he was done there was not a single member standing or anywhere within a 100 mile radius of the Coral Gables campus.
And we here at Canespace like that.
Yes, we like that a lot.
In what has to be the most shocking, stunning turn of events in the history of modern college football, the University of Miami announced late Sunday night that legendary golfer Tiger Woods will be the next head coach at Miami.
His comment was: "At Miami our theory will be drive for show, putt for dough."
Hold on we are getting more late breaking news...NBA basketball star Lebron James has been hired as head coach at the University of Miami. He will bring in recruiting coordinator Pat Riley and Dwayne Wade as as his best buddy to chill out on South Beach. That sounds pretty good to us I guess?
Oh wait, this is just in...NASCAR racing legend Dale Earnhardt has accepted the head coaching job at Miami. He will bring fellow racing legends Jeff Gordon in as Offensive Coordinator and Tony Stewart in as Defensive Coordinator. While we can see some hope with these important decisions...OK never mind.
Hold up...we are getting conflicting news that former Miami Dolphins head coach Don Shula is now taking the reins as the new coach at Miami. He wants to reinstate the "State of Miami" and have real dolphins jumping in the end zone during games. Why he wants to do that at UM games we do not know.
In the first installment of the "U really can't believe this" segment in the history of the University of Miami, Athletic Director Blake James has snatched up the first available candidate he could find during his "exhaustive National search" in former UM DC and Temple "head coach for a day" Manny Diaz.
While we have nothing against Manny Diaz as a person or a coach we just have to say...what the hell was the basis for this decision?
Among all of the possible available candidates from the college ranks and the NFL is he the absolute best candidate for the job?
Did the Miami Athletic Director, the Board of Trustees and the UM President even get involved in this process, and if so how?
We will see how this all plays out in the long run but for now the sense of concern we all now feel as fans is very, very real.
All we can say is: Carpe Diaz.
Earlier today, in what can only be described as a stunning turn of events, Mark Richt suddenly resigned as head football coach at the University of Miami.
Following a disappointing 7-6 season that culminated in an ugly, lopsided loss to Wisconsin in the Pinstripe Bowl, Richt had apparently had enough.
It also seems that he may have realized that rather than completely rebuild a new coaching staff at UM that it would be better to pass the torch on to a new head coach at his beloved alma mater.
Richt left with the same class and grace that he brought to the job at Miami. For that we owe him our respect and appreciation.
At the same time, many fans had been clamoring for his resignation or firing after realizing that all of the positive momentum gained in 2017 was all but lost in 2018 with the results on the field and in the recruiting game.
The game appeared to have passed Richt by as his antiquated and ineffective offensive scheme grew old and tired among the fans.
Singer and songwriter Bruce Springstein wrote in his song "Glory Days" these words: "Glory Days, They'll pass U by, Glory Days, In the wink of a young girls eye...Glory Days, Glory Days." Those words seem to ring true for Mark Richt and his tenure as head coach at Miami. Richt was simply not able to recapture the glory days or return "The U" to the prominence that was once so expected and enjoyed that it was often taken for granted by Miami fans.
Richt's time at the University of Miami was short and bitter sweet. He restored pride in Miami and helped bring the Indoor Practice Facility. As a former Hurricane player, he held a special place in the hearts and minds of many UM fans. But, like former head coach Randy Shannon, that was not enough for the fans to overlook the obvious shortcomings on the field or the results in the win/loss column.
In the end, he made the best decision for himself, his team and his school.
Now, the National search for a new head coach at UM begins again just three years after Richt's hiring. Many names will be bantered about by the fans, the media and those on the inside of the decision making process at Miami.
With the NFL season ending for many teams after today we anticipate many coaching changes which will result in head coaches and offensive and defensive coordinators becoming available. In addition, the college football season will winding down over the next week or so also resulting in changes that will free up several talented coaches.
As a result, we do not expect a decision anytime soon. These exhaustive searches, numerous interviews and big decisions take time.
As fans, all we can do is just hope it is the right decision this time around.
I'll be back in a minute with more details...meanwhile you know the drill.
|
2019-04-22T12:18:14Z
|
https://canespace.typepad.com/canespace/2018/12/index.html
|
Arts
|
Sports
| 0.951929 |
fastcompany
|
Over-apologizing hurts your credibility. Here are five tricks to help you curb the habit.
I don’t remember when I started being an over-apologizer. It might have been at a previous job, when my bosses told me that I was “questioning” my senior colleagues too often. Somewhere early in my professional journey, “sorry” became an overused word in my vocabulary.
I have learned that my tendency to say “sorry” all the time probably stemmed from imposter syndrome, and the negative reactions that I, as a woman in the workplace, sometimes face when I display any signs of strength or authority. But saying “sorry” isn’t doing me any favors in the credibility department. In fact, it’s doing the complete opposite. By apologizing unnecessarily, I voluntarily put myself in a subservient position.
Over the years, I’ve worked hard to try to eliminate unnecessary apologies in my daily conversations. I still slip up about 20% of the time (bad habits are hard to break, after all), but for the most part, I’ve trained myself to catch the words before they come out by employing a few tips and tricks. If you’re struggling with the tendency to use “sorry” when the situation doesn’t warrant an apology, here are a few things you can do.
Everyone makes mistakes at work sometimes. Surely that requires owning up to them, right? Not always. For big screw-ups, a sincere apology is necessary, but for small ones, there are ways to take responsibility without diminishing your credibility further.
Sometimes, the best thing is not to say anything at all. A good example of this is in a negotiation–where those with the tendency to over-apologize might start an argument with “Sorry, but . . . ,” unintentionally diminishing their power. Training yourself to pause and allow some silence is a much more effective tool, even if it feels uncomfortable. By pausing, you give more weight to what you’re saying, as Ellevest CEO and former Citigroup CFO Sallie Krawcheck told Sylvia Ann Hewlett in her book, Executive Presence: The Missing Link Between Talent and Success.
4. Ask Yourself, Have I Actually Done Something Wrong?
Sometimes, the tendency to apologize can come from self-imposed guilt rather than actual wrongdoing. As writer Claire Zulkey previously wrote for Fast Company, women in particular are more prone to guilt and apologize for not meeting certain expectations, even if they themselves aren’t personally interested in meeting those expectations. Zulkey talked about how as a working mother, she felt the need to apologize for putting her son in daycare while she worked full-time, despite the fact that she knows it’s the right decision for her and her family.
Whenever I feel the urge to say “sorry” out of guilt, I ask myself this question. Most of the time, it’s because I didn’t meet some sort of expectation that I’d set for myself that the person I was apologizing to didn’t even have.
|
2019-04-25T06:49:06Z
|
https://www.fastcompany.com/40520565/how-to-stop-yourself-from-saying-sorry-all-the-time
|
Arts
|
Business
| 0.188234 |
aol
|
The part of your brain responsible for motivation, reward-processing, and generally being a good friend and employee basically checks out somewhere around 2 p.m., according to a new study in the Journal of Neuroscience. While past research has shown that our energy dips after lunch, this study is the first to use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to find a neurological reason why—so you can blame your brain, instead of your meatball sub.
"This is a novel finding and has significant implications for neuroscience research, which normally ignores time of day as a variable," study coauthor Greg Murray of Swinburne University of Technology in Australia tells Fatherly.
Studies dating back as early as 1986 show evidence that the post-lunch dip that we’ve all experienced has little to do with what we’re actually eating and more to do with how both human and animal reward systems are linked to circadian clocks. Most of these studies, however, were self-reported. None bothered looking at the neuroscience.
"Believe it or not, a peanut butter and jelly on whole grain bread is a great choice," De Fazio says.
She suggests choosing all natural almond or peanut butter and all natural fruit preserves. "Pack some baby carrots and an apple, and you have a healthy vegetarian lunch that reminds you of your childhood," she says.
Hummus is a good source of calcium, iron, protein, fiber, and heart-healthy fats, which prevents blood sugar levels from rising too rapidly.
For those who prefer to order lunch, De Fazio says she prefers bowls to burritos because they're less messy, and she likes that restaurants like Chipotle let you personalize your burrito bowls with healthier options. She suggests ordering your bowl with rice, lettuce, chicken or beef, salsa, guacamole, and go easy on the cheese.
"The rice will give you just enough carbs to feed your brain without overdoing it," she says. "The chicken or beef give you protein to keep blood sugars steady, and guacamole is a healthy fat that keeps you fuller longer. If you want to order double protein, go for it."
De Fazio says you should skip the chips and beans. Fried carbs will only slow you down, and you don't want to be bloated and gassy at work, she says.
And a trip to a fast-food chain doesn't have to completely derail things.
Even fried chicken joint KFC offers a healthier take on it's famous offering. A Kentucky grilled chicken breast, house side salad with light Italian dressing, and corn on the cob will provide you with a good helping of protein without all the fat and carbohydrates.
If you're heading to a sub shop for lunch, choose turkey or chicken breast, all the veggies you want, avocado, and go easy on the mayo, De Fazio suggests.
"Avoid high-fat, greasy subs like meatball or Philly cheesesteak," she says. "You'll be tired with indigestion by 3 pm, which is not a good feeling at work!"
And if you're snagging lunch at a conference or work meeting, De Fazio suggests skipping the high-fat croissants and opting for sandwich platters with basic white or wheat bread or wraps.
Again, opt for the leaner meats like turkey breast, or go vegetarian. If there are baked chips available, go for them. But always choose fresh fruit instead of high-fat potato salad, De Fazio says.
Whether you're heading to the corner pizza place for a slice or ordering for the whole office, there are, believe it or not, healthier pizza options that won't put you to sleep or give you indigestion later.
De Fazio suggests always asking to go easy on the cheese and opting for thin crust when possible. "This keeps the carbs and fat under control, which will keep you energized without making you sleepy," she says.
And feel free to load up on all the veggies you like, pineapple, and chicken. Just be sure to skip the greasy pepperoni and sausage. "Indigestion is not good for productivity," De Fazio says.
If you're out to lunch with a coworker or client, you can't go wrong with an entree lunch like a Cobb or seafood salad.
Or you could opt for a grilled salmon or chicken entree with a side of rice and vegetables.
"These choices are balanced meals, higher in protein and vegetables, and are easy and neat to eat while discussing business," De Fazio says. "The last thing you want at a business lunch is to be eating a messy plate of pasta or a burger that gets sauce all over your face!"
Soup can be a healthy choice or a productivity disaster — it all depends on what you pick.
In general DeFazio says it's a good idea to avoid anything that is crispy, cheesy, creamy, greasy, or otherwise obviously high fat. Soups that contain lighter meats, lentils, chickpeas, and other pulses will pack more of a protein punch.
Regardless of what you choose to eat for lunch, always accompany it with water.
Sometimes when you think you're hungry or crave sugar, you're actually thirsty, De Fazio says. Instead, staying hydrated keeps you energized and focused.
Skip sugary drinks like soda. They spike your blood sugar levels and, once they crash, make you sleepy, she says.
So Murray and colleagues compared the activation of the brain’s reward system in a small sample of 16 healthy men at 10 a.m., 2 p.m. and 7 p.m, while they were performing a battery of "gambling" exercises that involved motor skills and learning. Results of the fMRI scans, which measure blood flow to specific regions in the brain (albeit not always reliably) suggested that activity in the left putamen, part of the reward region of the brain, was lowest at 2 p.m. Not because the putamen turns off when the clock strikes two, the researcher say, but because the putamen appears to be "primed to expect rewards at this time, and so didn’t react as strongly as at other times of day," Murray explains. In other words, our brains are somewhat nonplussed about rewards around 2 p.m.—because they kind of expect it.
The most obvious caveat of the study is the small sample size, but Murray says an even larger issue is that the results raise more questions than they answer. Specifically, if this part of the reward region is relatively deactivated at 2 p.m., then why don’t we all spiral into a slump at 2 p.m. every day—and why do some frustratingly happy people actually report that their moods improve after lunch? He suspects the striatum may be involved, but further study is necessary.
In terms of what people can do about the 2 p.m. slump, Murray recommends getting outdoors during lunchtime and moving around as much as possible throughout the day to mitigate these effects. (Sorry, coworkers.) And for parents, the findings reinforce the importance of enforcing a routine for children’s overall emotional and physical well-being.
"Our research shows that this rhythmicity is fundamental to how the brain organizes human motivation across the day," Murray says. "Earth’s entire environment is rhythmic, and we would be wise to get in sync."
This article originally appeared onFatherly, a publication for modern fathers looking to make the best of a good situation.
|
2019-04-22T10:48:08Z
|
https://www.aol.com/article/lifestyle/2017/08/31/this-is-why-youre-so-unmotivated-after-lunch/23192668/
|
Arts
|
Health
| 0.31631 |
wordpress
|
Background: In Australia, venues which provide gambling activities also provide activities that are utilised by families and children. However, there has been limited theoretical or empirical discussion about whether engagement with non-gambling activities may play a role in shaping pathways to current or future engagement in gambling within these environments. We examined marketing tactics for non-gambling and gambling activities in Clubs. Using this data, we propose a conceptual model to test the role of non-gambling activities within gambling environments in shaping gambling attitudes and consumption intentions.
Source: Bestman, A., Thomas, S., Randle, M., Pitt, H., Daube, M., & Pettigrew, S. (2015). Shaping pathways to gambling consumption? An analysis of the promotion of gambling and non-gambling activities from gambling venues. Addiction Research & Theory, 0(0), 1–11.
|
2019-04-18T21:03:43Z
|
https://pgflibrary.wordpress.com/tag/children/
|
Arts
|
Science
| 0.47218 |
uoregon
|
Military Service/Achievements: Commissioned June 17, 2015. Will attend the Engineer Officer Basic Course and then Airborne School. Following successful completion Lieutenant Barclift will be assigned to the 82nd Airborne Division at Fort Bragg, North Carolina.
|
2019-04-18T18:26:29Z
|
https://rotc.uoregon.edu/alumni/biographies/elizabeth-barclift-class-of-2015/
|
Arts
|
Reference
| 0.497633 |
uct
|
Goredema, R. 2009. Women and Rhetoric In South Africa: Understanding Feminism and Militarism. University of Cape Town.
|
2019-04-21T07:02:36Z
|
https://open.uct.ac.za/handle/11427/3772
|
Arts
|
Reference
| 0.475424 |
miami
|
cool m-set, do u have a name for this snorlax?
I think rollax is a good name for it.
Yeah, I like the name "Rollax".
Hmmm, a Cursed Steelix can resist against this guy.
Since i doubt that you belly drum on the first turn,you will setup fully before beginning to attack.Small problem:roar/whirlwind.Big problem:haze.Lax is slow (the first turns will be risky),you can BP agility to help him a bit.You can consider defense curl instead of DT,faster to setup.Another option:baton passing scizor,with agility/DT,making him able to setup for lax or any other poke.
Yeah, that's the "Skarmory, you have 30 HP with which to live with" Snorlax.
You've defiled my Snorlax, and for that you die. Mankind ill needs a savior such as you!
Anyways, it's Double Edge over Body Slam, Selfdestruct over Curse, and Rest/Counter/Fissure over Sunny Day. Usually female. (GSbot only. Otherwise, make it a male.) With or without Sunny Day, it'll take two Fire Blasts to down a Skarmory anyways. No need in wasting the slot.
Looks closer to the 'Lax I (and several others, I'm not claiming credit here) use..
But yes, it is most definately still a curselax.
|
2019-04-26T16:12:04Z
|
https://www.math.miami.edu/~jam/azure/forum/tuff/ultimatebb.php?ubb=get_topic;f=5;t=004288
|
Arts
|
Reference
| 0.498462 |
wikibooks
|
(0, 0) is at the bottom left of the window. The window is 640 pixels by 480, by default. (You can make it a different size if you want to.) Coordinates are given in units of one pixel.
All functions that take coordinates take them as a tuple (x, y).
To access the color module GASP has to offer. Call color.* where * is the color you wish to call. For example: ` color.BLACK ` This is the color black. Check out the gasp color refrence chart to see all of the availble color options.
These are the essentials. ` from gasp import * ` imports the gasp module, begin_graphics() starts the graphics window, and end_graphics() quits the graphics window and ends the program. It's dead simple, but also dead necessary.
This creates a graphics window with the dimensions 800x600, a title of My Game , and a background color of yellow. With no arguments you get a white 640x480 graphics window titled Gasp .
The windows height in pixels.
A string that will be the title of the window.
Clears everything off of the graphics window. It looks like a new graphcs window as if you just called begin_graphics().
It puts a dot on the screen.
The coordinate on the screen that you wish to plot.
The color you wish the dot to be.
Creates a line on the screen.
The starting coordinate of the line.
The coordinate at which the line will end.
A coorinate where the center of your box will be.
The width in pixels of the box.
The height of the box in pixels.
The color of your box.
The thickness in pixels of your box's lines.
An integer that determines the thickness of the lines.
Draws a circle, its center is a set of coordinates, and the radius is in pixels. It defaults to not being filled and the color black.
The color of your circle.
The thickness in pixels of the circles lines.
Creates an arc on the screen.
A coordinate that is the center of the arc.
An integer that is the distance between the center and the outer edge of the arc.
Puts an oval on the screen wherever you want.
A boolean value determining if the oval will be filles or not.
Loads an image onto the screen. If you only pass a width and not a height it automatically scales the height to fit the width you passed it. It behaves likewise when you pass just a height.
A screen object you wish to move.
How much the object will move in the 'x' direction. Positive or negative.
How much the object will move in the 'y' direction. A pixel value.
Rotate an object a certain degree.
The degree that the object will be rotate. Can be positive or negative.
returns a dictionary of the buttons state. There is a 'left', 'middle', and 'right' key.
returns a list of all of the keys pressed at that moment.
Saves a screenshot of the current graphics screen to a png file.
The file path relative to the current directory that the image will be written to.
|
2019-04-26T11:42:41Z
|
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/How_to_Think_Like_a_Computer_Scientist:_Learning_with_Python_2nd_Edition/GASP
|
Arts
|
Computers
| 0.069443 |
amazon
|
How do I set up detailed debug logging for my AWS Database Migration Service task?
The debug logging information for my AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) task is not detailed enough. How do I enable detailed debug logging?
Note: Detailed debug logging requires a large amount of storage space. If you are using ongoing replication, also known as change data capture (CDC), the log entries might consume the rest of your storage space.
1. Open the AWS Database Migration Service console, and then choose Tasks in the navigation pane.
2. Choose your task. If the task is running, choose Stop.
3. On the Overview view, copy and paste the Task Settings section into a JSON editor.
4. Edit the "Severity" setting of each log component that you want to enable detailed debug logging on by replacing "LOGGER_SEVERITY_DEFAULT" (or any other setting) with "LOGGER_SEVERITY_DETAILED_DEBUG". The "SOURCE_UNLOAD" and "TARGET_LOAD" log components are for full load tasks only. "SOURCE_CAPTURE" and "TARGET_APPLY" are for ongoing replication (CDC) tasks.
5. Save the JSON file.
6. Install and configure the latest version of the AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI).
7. Run the modify-replication-task AWS CLI command, using your Task ARN and the path of the file that you saved in step five.
aws dms modify-replication-task --replication-task-arn arn:aws:dms:us-east-1:123456789012:task:2PVREMWNPGYJCVU2IBPTOYTIV4 --replication-task-settings file://"c:\temp\your-task-settings.json"
Note: To find your Task ARN, choose Tasks in the AWS Database Migration Service console navigation pane. The Task ARN appears in the Overview view. For more information, see Constructing an Amazon Resource Name (ARN) for AWS DMS.
8. Return to the AWS Database Migration Service console and choose Tasks in the navigation pane to refresh the page.
9. Confirm that the task status is Modifying.
10. On the Overview view for your task, under Task Settings, confirm that the "Severity" setting is changed to "LOGGER_SEVERITY_DETAILED_DEBUG" for each log component that you modified.
The next time that you run this task, you'll get detailed debug logs.
|
2019-04-21T18:43:06Z
|
https://aws.amazon.com/premiumsupport/knowledge-center/dms-enable-debug-logging/
|
Arts
|
Reference
| 0.776512 |
cambridge
|
St. Louis, Missouri, though located in the central Midlands, is a complex city dialectally. Nevertheless, over the past 50 years most dialectologists and sociolinguists have identified the area as primarily a Northern or Northern/North Midland speech island in a sea of Southern and especially South Midland forms. This article is concerned with whether the city's strong affinity for the Northern/North Midland dialect continues into the 21st century. Small pieces of evidence presented over the last generation regarding the evolution of the area's language have shown that different features of its pronunciation, grammar, and lexicon are variously shifting both toward and away from a Northern/North Midland standard. More comprehensive evidence from a dialectological/sociolinguistic survey completed in 1982–1983 and replicated in 2001, however, suggests that overall the Northern/North Midland standard has been not only preserved, but greatly strengthened.
|
2019-04-24T04:52:51Z
|
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/language-variation-and-change/article/language-variation-and-change-in-the-urban-midwest-the-case-of-st-louis-missouri/342804AD940198F68C8C2A88C61DA173
|
Arts
|
Society
| 0.690496 |
cnet
|
GPL 3.0: A bonfire of the vanities?
Jonathan Zuck says GPL advocates are adopting a religious stance on software development, rather than a practical one.
I often find myself comparing the strife and pathos of the information technology industry to Greek and Shakespearean tragedies. Yet, the current debate on GPL 3.0 has me thinking back to my high school European history class.
In the late 15th century, the Renaissance was at its height and Florence was at its center. Under the patronage of the Medici family, "humanist" scholars were fueling an explosion in new works of art, science and philosophy. Though it was also a time of increased vice (drinking, gambling and lipstick), most of these humanists were dedicated Christians who were merely reconciling their faith with observed reality.
Enter Girolamo Savonarola, a Dominican priest, who came to power in Florence in 1494. He viewed all of this "humanism" as vanity, turning people's heads away from the word of God and true religion. He took a very severe stand against the new scholarship, culminating in a series of bonfires in the town square, where many great works of art and science were lost. These fires have come to be known as the "Bonfire of the Vanities."
Like Savonarola, Richard Stallman takes a similarly religious stance on software development, rather than a practical one. For Stallman, the concept that software be "free, as in freedom" is the only concern in the creation of software. In fact, he has declared that "it is far more important that software be free than that it be better." This has led him to view the open-source software community, a related but practically minded version of the free software community, with skepticism and frequently with disdain.
With GPL 3, Stallman has drawn a bright line and offered the world a match.
However, it is the intensely practical efforts of the open-source community (people such as Linus Torvalds and corporations such as IBM, Red Hat and Hewlett-Packard) that have made any of this important enough to discuss. With products such as Linux and Apache leading the way, software loosely categorized as open source has seen a renaissance of its own.
To meet the needs of the heterogeneous market, this community has focused many of its efforts on building bridges between open/free software and proprietary products. Under GPL 2, companies have found many ways to create these types of hybrid systems. Today, Linux distributions from Red Hat, Suse and others include many pieces of proprietary and nonfree code. But this "mixing" has not been without its detractors. For leading Linux users like TiVo and Adaptec, the ability to protect key intellectual property is essential. But this protection is a direct assault on Stallman's version of freedom and the need to share software with the community. How do you balance the promotional value of high-profile Linux implementations against the philosophical compromise?
Stallman would argue that you don't. He views these practicalities, hybrids and commercial compromises as "vanities" that divert attention away from the real issue, which is and always will be his version of "freedom." GPL 3.0 is his call to dump all such transgressions in the town square and set them on fire. In interviews, he talks about preventing the "TiVo-ization" of software (the merging of free and proprietary software into a single system). GPL 3.0 has also become a platform to rail against digital rights management technology, viewed by Stallman as one more attempt to restrict his freedom. The commercial "humanists" such as Lawrence Lessig with his "Creative Commons" initiative have turned away from the Old Testament, and the GPL 3.0 license is a call to the faithful to reject these vanities.
According to Wikipedia, "Florence soon tired of Savonarola's hectoring," and so too are many turning their backs on Stallman. Stallman and the Free Software Foundation have every right to continue their ideological crusade against proprietary software, but will anyone follow?
Torvalds has been quoted as saying that the new license tries to do too much, when all he really wanted was a way for a lot of people to work on Linux. In response to criticism from Stallman's followers, Torvalds argued that "we are not crusaders, trying to force people to bow to our superior God. We are trying to show others that cooperation and openness works better." Even IBM, the perennial tightrope walker, will ultimately need to make a choice between the practical and the philosophical.
As George Santayana once said, "Those who cannot learn from history are doomed to repeat it." In the end, the people, and even the church, turned their backs on Savonarola. He met with a particularly ignominious end, hanging over a bonfire of his own. While such an extreme outcome seems unlikely in modern times, I think it's very possible that with the GPL 3 license, Stallman risks bringing about his own marginalization.
With GPL 3, Stallman has drawn a bright line and offered the world a match. The irony of all forms of extremism is that you often get a result in conflict with your objectives. Savonarola's extremism led ultimately to a revolt and an increase in vice. Stallman has made a proposal that greatly restricts the use of GPL code. This new GPL may bring chains to the cause of freedom.
Discuss: GPL 3.0: A bonfire of the vanities?
|
2019-04-19T09:44:03Z
|
https://www.cnet.com/news/gpl-3-0-a-bonfire-of-the-vanities/
|
Arts
|
Business
| 0.087558 |
haverford
|
"Two-dimensional chemisorbed phases" by Lyle D. Roelofs, A. R. Kortan et al.
Roelofs, Lyle D., et al. "Two‐dimensional chemisorbed phases." Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology 18.2 (1981): 492-499.
|
2019-04-20T05:04:56Z
|
https://scholarship.haverford.edu/physics_facpubs/270/
|
Arts
|
Science
| 0.892243 |
utexas
|
This dissertation studies the monopoly seller’s optimal selling strategy under a capacity constraint in perishable good markets. The three chapters focus on the resale market, channel competition and rationing phenomena respectively. Chapter one studies ticket resale using a two-period model where a monopoly seller sells tickets in both periods. Three scenarios of resale are considered, namely no resale, where resale is infeasible in both periods; complete resale, where resale in feasible in both periods; and partial resale, where resale is feasible in the advance period but not in the spot period. The essay shows that, if the seller has limited capacity, the number of high-valuation buyers is small enough and the number of early arrivers is not too large, partial resale can lead to a higher profit for the seller than complete resale or no resale. Chapter two studies the symbiotic competition relationship between a supplier and an independent reseller, in which while the supplier relies upon the reseller in distribution, the supplier’s direct channel inevitably competes with the reseller’s channel. The essay compares two mechanisms that the supplier can use to control the potential channel competitions, i.e. the low-price guarantee and the capacity control mechanism. The essay illustrates the drawbacks of the widely-adopted low-price guarantee mechanism, and shows how the capacity control mechanism can avoid the potential channel conflicts and increase the supplier’s profit. Chapter three provides a theory of rationing, where rationing functions as an effective mechanism for second degree price discrimination. Rationing in the lower price market segment forces buyers with high valuations to buy at the higher price. Rationing’s impact on the seller’s profit depends on the shape of the demand curve and on the sellers’ capacity constraint. The essay presents the necessary conditions and sufficient conditions on the demand curve and capacity constraint for rationing to be beneficial to the seller. The essay further shows that rationing can help the seller through different discrimination strategies.
|
2019-04-23T12:08:55Z
|
https://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/handle/2152/2998
|
Arts
|
Business
| 0.961539 |
telegraph
|
Willie Walsh, the boss of British Airways owner IAG, has said the investigation into the power failure behind an IT meltdown that grounded tens of thousands of passengers is nearly over, as the group reported a surge in profits.
Roughly 75,000 passengers are thought to have been affected by the incident in May, which grounded planes at both Heathrow and Gatwick airports over the busy May Bank Holiday weekend.
Mr Walsh said the external investigation was "largely complete", adding he had "not learned anything new" beyond what the airline group had already suspected was the cause of the meltdown - namely an inadvertent cutting of power followed by an unauthorised and incorrect restoration.
|
2019-04-25T07:26:40Z
|
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2017/07/28/british-airways-owner-iag-enjoys-soaring-profits-despite-heathrow/
|
Arts
|
Business
| 0.861475 |
keele
|
Saunders, Robert Edward ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9471-5581 (2018) Pharmacists in general medical practice: a case study of clinical commissioning groups. Doctoral thesis, Keele University.
Pharmacists have been identified to address the increasing workload in United Kingdom (UK) general practice. A pilot has been commissioned by National Health Service England (NHSE) to upskill pharmacists for this purpose. Evaluation is underway and early reports indicate that there have been integration issues. The value of pharmacists working in general practice and the level of training required for the role are not fully understood. The research reported in this thesis was started before the NHSE pilot. It was conducted to understand the background of Clinical Commissioning Group (CCG) practice pharmacists (PPs), and their interactions with stakeholders. The rationale was to provide an insight into their working relationships and to generate recommendations to support the integration of pharmacists into general practice. The project was conducted in four CCGs in the West Midlands in 2014 using an interpretive/collective case study approach incorporating mixed methods for data collection. Quantitative data was collected on the background, employment and activities of PPs. Qualitative data was collected on stakeholders’ views of the CCG PP role from commissioners, general practitioners (GPs), and patients. Different commissioning models for PPs were studied to provide a deeper understanding of PPs’ interactions. The workload problems in general practice subsequently modified the focus of this thesis to determine the value of PPs to general practice, the level of training required and to propose a model for the integration of pharmacists into UK general practice. The thesis study identified some determinants of integration found in previously published studies but also discovered new areas specific to the integration of pharmacists into UK general practice. These areas can be grouped into three elements - the pharmacist’s skills and attributes, practice level facilitation and national level support. They are presented as a unique Model for the Successful Integration of Pharmacists into General Practice Teams.
|
2019-04-23T12:39:11Z
|
http://eprints.keele.ac.uk/5106/
|
Arts
|
Health
| 0.960902 |
wikipedia
|
Kabuli palaw (Persian: کابلی پلو) or Qabuli palaw (قابلی پلو) is an Afghan and Pakistani dish, a variety of pilaf, consisting of steamed rice mixed with raisins, carrots, and lamb. It is one of the most popular dishes in Afghanistan and is the national dish. Qabel'i Palaw means 'Excellent/outstanding rice' in the Persian language and not rice from Kabul, as some might think.
Kabuli palaw is made by cooking basmati or long grained rice in a brothy sauce (which makes the rice brown). This dish may be made with lamb, chicken, or beef. Kabuli palaw is baked in the oven and may be topped with fried sliced carrots, raisins, orange peel strips, and chopped nuts like pistachios or almonds. The meat is covered by the rice or buried in the rice mixture.
Kabuli palaw is popular in other countries, including Saudi Arabia, where it is also known as Roz Bukhari (Arabic: رز بخاري), meaning "Bukharan rice"; which is a simpler form introduced by Afghan immigrants living in Saudi Arabia.
^ Ali, Tanveer (31 July 2012). "Everything You Need To Know About Afghan Food". foodrepublic. Retrieved 2014-02-19.
This page was last edited on 22 April 2019, at 12:28 (UTC).
|
2019-04-23T06:56:00Z
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabuli_palaw
|
Arts
|
Reference
| 0.960994 |
typepad
|
Michael Flynn To Plead Guilty: First Take--UPDATED!
Here is the Criminal Information. Here are Stay tuned for the Plea Agreement and Statement of the Offense which have now been yet to be filed.
Here is what we can tell so far.
Flynn is obviously co-operating. You don't get to plead to a Criminal Information unless you are cooperating.
If even half of what has been reported about Flynn in the press is true, a one count Criminal Information with a five year statutory cap is an outstanding deal. It is an even better deal if Flynn bought a walk for his son. UPDATE: The Plea Agreement, which purports to be complete, contains no promises related to Flynn's son.
This is a bare bones Criminal Information, but not as bare bones as the one charged against George Papadopoulos. We should know much more when we see the Plea Agreement and Statement of the Offense. The Statement of the Offense was the key document in the Papadopoulos case. But even though the Papadopoulos Statement of the Offense is detailed in some areas it is curiously silent in others. For example, it never reveals whether Papadopoulos specifically informed Trump campaign officials that the Russians had "dirt" on Mrs. Clinton. UPDATE: The Statement of the Offense reveals separate conversations Flynn had with "a senior official", "senior members", and "a very senior member" of the Presidential Transition Team ("PTT"). These conversations, if they occurred, are troubling, because they appear to reveal that PTT officials were conducting foreign policy and undermining President Obama's foreign policy before President Trump took office.
Here is what to look for or ask.
How detailed was Flynn's criminal conduct? The Statement of the Offense should tell us that. UPDATE: The Statement of the Offense tells us that in addition to the conduct charged in the Criminal Information, Flynn violated the Foreign Agents Registration Act ("FARA") by making several false statements and omissions related to his dealings with the Republic of Turkey.
Will the Plea Agreement contain a provision promising not to charge Flynn for any crimes detailed in the Statement of the Offense, in exchange for Flynn's guilty plea? Such a provision is fairly standard and was included in the Papadopoulos Plea Agreement. UPDATE: It's in there.
Will Flynn's son walk? This may be revealed in the Plea Agreement. UPDATE: Not included in the Plea Agreement. This could have been handled in a conversation between Mueller's prosecutors and Flynn and his attorneys. It might have gone something like this: "Look. We aren't promising anything. But based on our current state of knowledge we have no interest in going after your son." SECOND UPDATE: Alternatively, an Immunity Agreement for Flynn's son may have been wrapped up prior to, and as a pre-condition of, Flynn's deal.
Will there be a sealed Supplemental Plea Agreement? We should be able to tell this by language inserted in the public plea agreement. It will say that the Plea Agreement, and any supplemental filings, are the complete agreement. UPDATE: There is not.
Is there a separate sealed agreement promising Flynn a 5K1.1 reduction under the Sentencing Guidelines in exchange for cooperation? Again, this should be revealed in the public Plea Agreement. UPDATE: There is no separate sealed agreement. The 5K1.1 possibility (I shouldn't have said promise) in exchange for Flynn's substantial assistance is included in the public Plea Agreement. You may ask why Flynn even needs a 5K1.1 since his Guideline Range is 0-6 months--the lowest possible range. Two reasons. First, the sentencing judge may not agree with the Government's predicted Guideline Range. Second, a 5K1.1 motion for downward departure under the Guidelines will signal to the sentencing judge that Flynn has been, in Mueller's view, fully and truthfully cooperative, virtually insuring a probationary sentence. Continue to sStay tuned.
Why does Flynn care about most of this? Won’t Trump just pardon him if convicted (and his son as well)?
|
2019-04-23T20:26:31Z
|
https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/whitecollarcrime_blog/2017/12/michael-flynn-to-plead-guilty-first-take.html
|
Arts
|
Reference
| 0.51103 |
wiliqueen
|
Talking about the costume. She asked! I swear! ;-) (Photo by Var) Nelleke as Omorocana (daughter of Nem from "Fire and Water"). Not only was she way more uncomfortable than I was, she had to haul all that stuff from the Netherlands!
Aislyn, three-year-old Charmer Extraordinaire, adds Erick Avari to her list of conquests. I, of course, had already been conquered... :-) Deb and Sam, my new Evil Sibs.
|
2019-04-23T15:03:09Z
|
http://wiliqueen.com/photoalbum/gatecon2001b.html
|
Arts
|
Kids
| 0.940571 |
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