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I can't seem to get enough of this color - it's so beautiful!
Another technique card we made at our class using the faux tile technique. Not only do I love Calypso Coral - I love this tea cup from the Tea Shoppe set. I've had this set since the Mini started and - blush! blush! - only just now had a chance to use it.
Calypso Coral with Whisper White is so bright and crisp. We used the Modern Label punch for the sentiment and it is on the Clearance Rack - that punch and many others are available currently. Great time to get those at a big savings!
Thanks for stopping by and happy stamping . . . and shopping! We're always lookig for bargains right? And you can get the best stamping bargains RIGHT HERE WITH THE CLICK OF YOUR MOUSE!
The Everyday Enchantment Designer Series Paper and Ribbon and Brad Pack from this year's Sale-A-Bration brochure are simply yummy! The organdy ribbon is very easy work with and is, of course, co-ordinated so well with the brads and ribbon.
Crayon Resist is a technique that's been around for so long and yet not often seen so I thought I'd use the Growing Green stamp set (p. 118, #118758, $26.95 WM, #120624, $20.95, CM) to use this technique.
The card base is Calypso Coral and the second layer is a piece of the Everyday Enchantment DSP. The images are stamped on Glossy White card stock (p. 181, #102599, $7.25 for 25 sheets) with Black Staz-On ink and then outlined with a white crayon. Calypso Coral and Pool Party classic ink is applied to the card with sponges and after applying the ink, use a paper towel to rub over the card front and you will see where the crayon has resisted the color.
Place the Glossy White piece on the Top Note die and run through the Big Shot. After adding some of the Calypso Coral 1/8" Organdy Ribbon pinched through one of the co-ordinating brads, punch a hole in the corner of the Top Note piece and secure onthe back.
The sentiment is from Thank You Kindly set (p. 168, #111700, $16.95) stamped with black ink on Whisper White card stock and punched out with the Modern Label punch (p. 209, #119849, $22.95). Punch a piece of Calypso Coral with the Modern Label punch, cut it in half and place behind the sentiment to give it a mat on the ends.
Place some dimensionals on the back of the top note piece and adhere to the DSP panel and also add some dimensionals to the back of the sentiment and adhere to the front of the top note piece.
Shop 24/7 at your convenience RIGHT HERE!. Spend $60 (taxes and shipping not included) and claim your free Sale-A-Bration item.
Revisiting some techniques that haven't been used for a while and I recall one of my favourites was rock and roll.
The card is on Whisper White and the front was placed in the Perfect Polka Dots embossing folder and rolled through the Big Shot. The big flower from the Fabulous Florets stamp set was stamped with Black Staz-On ink. Stamp the flower image in Daffodil Delight Classic ink and then roll the edges on the Poppy Parade Classic ink pad - and there it is - rock and roll!
The sentiment is from one of my favourite word sets - Fabulous Phrases.
Remember blowing bubbles as a child and trying to grab them as they floated around to pop them - and seeing who could make the biggest bubble before it popped? Yep, we were blowing bubbles at our techniques class last weekend and having a good giggle while we were doing it.
It is such a fun technique! Simply add some ink to the bubble mixture and blow bubbles capturing the bubbles on some glossy white cardstock. It's that easy!
We used Pacific Point cardstock and Blueberry Crisp DSP. The flower is from Silhouette Sentiments a Level 1 set and stamped with Black Stazon ink.
One of the first swaps that I participated in when I became a Stampin' Up! demo was using the Faux Mother of Pearl technique. At the time we had a product called Lumiere and it was the shimmer in the Lumiere that gave the look of Mother of Pearl.
Now we have Shimmer Paint that we can use to create the same look.
Such an easy technique and the end result is so beautiful. Simply scrunch up some plastic wrap, dip it into the Shimmer Paint and dab it all over Glossy White cardstock. When it has dried, use a brayer or sponge to apply your color.
It seems like everything old is new again this week and one of my favourite techniques is crayon resist. I was having a difficult time coming up with a "neat" sketch to showcase the technique when the light went off - hasn't been doing that a lot for me lately - lol, and this is the result.
Why not use Glossy White for the whole card? So I used the Scallop Circle Die to create the whole front of the card using crayon resist. I also got a chance to use the Growing Green stamp set. The flowers in the set are beautiful and the rose is like a miniature Fifth Avenue Floral.
The colors on the card are Poppy Parade, Daffodil Delight and Pretty in Pink. The sentiment is from All Holidays (I just love this set and hope that it doesn't retire next year). It's punched out with the Small Oval Punch and attached to the 1/8" Daffodil Delight grosgrain ribbon with crochet thread. Pearls from the Basic Pearl pack are centred in the smaller flowers.
It's been a while and it's good to be back even though another brief post. This card is made using the Faux Leather technique. The cardstock is cut 4 1/4" x 11" and rather than score it at 5 1/2", the cardstock was placed in the Square Lattice Embossing Folder and run through the Big Shot. After it was embossed, the card was folded in half. Discovered this was the better way to fold the card in half rather than scoring it and then running it through the Big Shot as it "shrinks" in the Embossing Folder and ends up being uneven. In this way, the shrinkage can occur first and the card can be evenly scored after.
The focal point is the faux leather and the image is from Pocket Silhouettes double stamped in Chocolate Chip and So Saffron. The 1 1/4" Striped Grosgrain Ribbon is tied around the front panel and secured at the edge with hemp twine and threaded through the Cafe Latte button. The sentiment is from Just Believe stamped with Chocolate Chip and sponged on the edges.
I'm hoping to be back to more regular postings in the next few days. Thanks for stopping by and happy stamping!
We held our techniques class yesterday and stamping was cool! Cool because we stamping in my studio which was so much cooler and taking a break from this mini heat wave and because we made some very cool cards and here's a couple of them.
We made this card with the Plaid Silhouette technique using the image from Just Believe. Isn't it lovely? During the class, we make a sample to go along with the instructions that are placed in a 6" x 6" Album. Some of the samples are smaller versions of the card that we will be making and other samples are used to show different colors and stamps.
The sample piece is about 2" x 3" so we made a sample with the elephant from Animal Stories. It was so cute that I made this card. I added one of the tiny pearls from the NEW Basic Pearls package to the eye of the elephant. The package has 150 pearls in threesizes, 5 mm, 3mm and 2mm for $6.50. You can see them on page 188 of the catalogue - they really are a must have.
Technique classes are held once a month at my studio and if you live in the Metro Vancouver area and would like to join us, please contact me for particulars. Our next class will be on Sunday, September 19.
Take a ride in this colorful balloon using the faux iris folding technique.
An awesome way to use up all those scrap pieces of cardstock and designer papers. The balloon image is from the Sweet Centers set (p. 59, #116521, $36.95).
The cardstock is Cherry Cobbler layered with a piece of Tempting Turquoise. On the Whisper White, we added some piercing in the four corners after assembling the balloon and stamped the sentiment from the Level 1 Hostess set, Afterthoughts. Thanks to Brenda Cook for this technique.
Something Old is New Again - and Chance to Win a Color Coach and other Goodies!
Another "old" technique was revisited at the techniques class and this is another project we made using the Baby Wipe techique. It's been around for many years and was one of the first ones I learned. Here's the finished card.
Thes new stamp set, Printed Petals (p. 106, #116679, $24.95 WM, #120644, $17.95, CM) is ideal to use for this technique. The other stamps in the set co-ordinate well with the Itty Bitty Shapes Punch Pack too, so a very versatile set.
The base cardstock is Concord Crush with a Melon Mambo layer run through the Big Shot using the Lattice Square Embossing Folder. And don't you just love the new Stitched Poly Ribbon? It comes in the five new In Colors and has a very nice feel to work with.
The sentiment is from the Level 1 Hostess set Afterthoughts. Use the Melon Mambo marker to color the word and then dabbed bits of the Concord Crush marker over it to give it the multi-hue tone. Use the edges of the baby wipe around the scallop oval to add some color and adhere it onto an Extra Large Oval Concord piece and pop onto the card with dimensionals.
HOW WOULD YOU LIKE TO WIN THE BRAND NEW COLOR COACH?
OR THE LEVEL 1 HOSTESS SET FROM THE SUMMER MINI, IT'S THE THOUGHT?
OR A BOTTLE OF CRYSTAL EFFECTS AND A SET OF ACETATE BOOKMARKS with instructions to make your own bookmarks?
OR A SET OF PERSONALIZED NOTE CARDS? Here's how . . .
This is my non-attending convention special as convention is currently underway in SLC and unfortunately I am not able to be part of all the fun with the thousands of other demos who are there.
So, here's the deal. Place a $50 order either directly with me or place your order online here from July 21 to July 25 and have your name entered to win one of the fabulous prizes mentioned above.
For every $50 order you place, you will have your name entered into the draw - $50 order receives one entry, $100 order receives two entries, etc.
Be sure to have your order submitted by July 25 in order to qualify for the prizes. Canadian orders only can be accepted.
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2019-04-21T23:10:45Z
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https://impressionsbyday.typepad.com/my_weblog/techniques/
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First in a two-part series examining the new worker protection bills just passed by DC City Council.
Congratulations to all DC workers and to the advocates who helped push the Washington, DC City Council to unanimously pass the Fair Minimum Wage Act of 2013 and the Earned Sick and Safe Leave Amendment Act of 2013 on Tuesday, December 17th without allowing the bills to be weakened by industry-sponsored amendments.
Just as importantly, starting on July 1, 2017 and every July 1 thereafter, the bill requires that the minimum wage be increased to reflect changes in the cost of living, as measured by the Consumer Price Index in the Washington, DC area. This will stop the real value of the minimum wage from declining over time, which is a big reason why there are numerous fights to raise it.
This is a huge win for workers, and an issue that has received tremendous public attention—and support—in recent months. Hooray for this minimum wage victory!
Although the bill does not raise the base minimum wage for tipped restaurant workers (which stands at a miserable $2.77 an hour and hopefully will be raised with other legislation), it does require that employers of tipped workers verify and certify every quarter that all of their employees do end up making at least the full minimum wage through a combination of their base wages and tips actually received. This will hopefully reduce one form of wage theft, which is common in the restaurant industry, where employees are not compensated when their tips are short for the week and don’t make up the difference between $2.77 and the full minimum wage.
Black Friday – the term alone can strike fear and excitement in even the most seasoned shoppers. But what consumers often don’t see or understand is what happens on the other side of the counter.
Many stores have announced that they will be open on Thanksgiving to maximize consumer’s Black Friday enthusiasm. They have determined that shoppers are willing to curb their Thanksgiving festivities and traditions to start their holiday shopping on a day that is supposed to be centered on family and giving thanks for the blessings in one’s life. Stores like Costco, Nordstrom, Dillard’s and T.J. Maxx have resisted the urge to open on the holiday, however, many stores including Walmart, Macy’s, Toys “R” Us, and Best Buy will be open to shoppers on Thanksgiving day with some stores opening as early as 6am.
But what does that mean for the workers who have to man the registers and stock the shelves? Many can’t show up to work at 6am on Thanksgiving – they have get to their stores at least an hour before the doors open. What happened to their holiday? What happened to their time for family festivities and traditions?
These workers tend to be low-wage earners that struggle to make ends meet. If a single mother with two children is making the federal minimum wage of $7.25 an hour and is working full time, she’s only earning $15,080 a year – well below the poverty rate for a family of three. If she’s making $10 an hour, she’s only earning $20,800 a year – still below the poverty rate and she would qualify for public assistance.
Consumers need to be aware of the reality facing these retail workers. Below is John Paul Ashton’s story of his constant struggle to put food on the table and support his family with meager wages. Ashton happens to work for Walmart, the largest private employer in the US, who also has a proven track record of using illegal retaliation and firings to intimidate and curb worker’s collective bargaining actions. Walmart, is also one of the most profitable retailers in the world. This holiday shopping season, Walmart workers will be taking a stand and protesting the company’s abusive labor practices, including poverty-level wages, stingy benefits, and irregular work schedules that make it impossible for their families to make ends meet.
From the safety of the food we eat to the air we breathe and the cars we drive—Congress has enacted landmark laws to tackle these threats to the public. Yet today, many of the rules required to execute these laws have been delayed and/or weakened as a result of a sluggish regulatory process. Due to unnecessary delays, Congressional mandates and sensible safeguards are being held up, and the results can be catastrophic.
While most people understand the basics of how a bill becomes a law, many don’t realize that federal laws that create new regulations must first clear the White House’s Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) before going into effect. OIRA might be the most powerful federal agency consumers haven’t heard of.
OIRA analyzes the costs and benefits of new rules passed by Congress and takes into consideration comments by the public and affected industries. Many significant rules have been trapped in OIRA purgatory. NCL and partnering organization will hold a Senate briefing tomorrow, October 25, to discuss our broken regulatory process. These common sense rules, passed by Congress, should not face years of unnecessary delays.
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2019-04-21T13:09:40Z
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https://savvyconsumer.wordpress.com/category/michell-mcintyre/
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I was pleasantly surprised by how much I enjoyed Tinberg and Nabeau’s study on The Community College Writer: Exceeding Expectations. Theirs is a fairly broad investigation into the challenges facing first year college students, but essentially tries to understand how first year composition student’s experiences prior to and during their first semester in college matches up to their various teacher’s expectations .
The question is, do their methods successfully facilitate this dual desire? I believe that the study does indeed produce valuable knowledge from which other institutions may glean applicable information for their own curricular design; however, I also believe that certain aspects of their methods could have been refined in order to ensure more consistently generalizable results.
For example: admirably, Tinberg and Nadeau administered their first student survey at four different institutions, in four different states. This was, in my opinion, very impressive in light of comp. research norms. However, their student cohort, from which the bulk of the study data was truly derived, was comprised of students only from BCC (Bristol Community College).
I think that because the study focused so much on the past experience of students, and particularly because the primary data was gathered at a community college, where students will most likely all be coming from one very specific town, city, or location, the data would have been much more generalizable if the PIs had followed through with their ambition to survey four very different institutions in four very different locations.
This entry was posted in ENC 6720 Qualitiative Methods, Higher Education and tagged Community Colleges, Composition, Mixed Methods, Research Methods.
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2019-04-21T00:25:44Z
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https://dialogicalcoffeehouse.wordpress.com/2011/03/08/experimenting-with-mixed-methods-tinberg-and-nadeaus-study-of-student-expectations/
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The eagerly awaited 'Kingsman 3' is on the lookout for two new stars.
'Kingsman 3' is reportedly set to start filming in January and is on the lookout for two new stars.
The Matthew Vaughn-directed franchise is seeking a teen by the name of Conrad, who is the charming son of a British Duke, and an older lead male, with Ralph Fiennes said to be in the frame for the role.
'Kingsman 3' will start filming in the UK and the latest movie in the franchise could be used by Vaughn to introduce characters that will also feature in the 'Kingsman: The Great Game' film, according to That Hashtag Show.
Meanwhile, Taron Egerton - who stars as Gary 'Eggsy' Unwin in the 'Kingsman' franchise - previously revealed he relished the experience of working with Colin Firth on the first two movies.
The 28-year-old actor said the Oscar-winning star is as "affable and pleasant and kind as he seems".
He shared: "I think even if I tried to pretend that I don't like Colin, I wouldn't get very far. I've seen so many shots of me looking like I want to marry him.
"He's just every bit as affable and pleasant and kind as he seems."
Taron explained that Colin's real-life self might come as a surprise to some people.
The Hollywood star added: "He has this persona of being a landed gentry type, but he's very down-to-earth and sweet and cool. He's just a dad, a family man who occasionally pretends to be a super-spy."
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2019-04-23T12:52:44Z
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https://www.femalefirst.co.uk/movies/movie-news/kingsman-3-start-filming-january-new-stars-1157636.html
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If your wanting to lose a few pounds but love food too much and cant afford to diet, try incorporating these 10 super foods into your diet to adopt healthy eating strategies! You gotta start somewhere!
Never heard of some of these ingredients and not sure how to prepare them- check out my cooking tips I included.
Wild Salmon– Its omega-3 fatty acids may improve your mood and keep your skin glowing. Why wild? It’s exposed to fewer toxins than the farmed Atlantic variety. Cooking Tip: For breakfast, mash some avocado on whole-grain toast and top with flaked poached salmon.
Kale– this leafy green has loads of vitamin C, beta-carotene, calcium, and antioxidants. Kale is also a good source of lutein, an eye-friendly nutrient. Cooking Tip: Make kale chips by tearing the leaves into pieces and tossing with olive oil, salt, and pepper. Spread on a baking sheet and bake at 300° F until crisp, 20 to 30 minutes.
Sweet Potatoes-The darker the color, the richer these tubers are in the antioxidant beta-carotene. Cooking Tip: For a side dish, steam cut-up sweet potatoes and apples. Puree with maple syrup.
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2019-04-22T14:49:11Z
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https://darlingtondish.wordpress.com/tag/diets/
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For the airport in Oran, Salta, Argentina, see Orán Airport.
Sources: Algerian AIP, DAFIF, Landings.com, ACI's 2010 World Airport Traffic Report.
During World War II, La Sénia Airport was first used by the French Air Force as a military airfield, first by the Armée de l'Air, and after June 1940, by the Armistice Air Force (French: Armée de l'Air de Vichy) of the Vichy government.
During the Operation Torch landings in 1942, La Sénia was one of the primary objectives of the assault on Oran on 9 November. A paratroop task force was to be directly seize La Sénia, with an armored task force to thrust inland to insure the capture of the field. Just after daylight, eight Albacore dive bombers from H.M.S. Furious and six Hurricane fighter escorts from each of the two auxiliary carriers swung back over La Sénia airfield in broad daylight to be greeted by strong antiaircraft fire and Vichy fighters. The airfield was attacked in response by six 250-pound general-purpose bombs with which it accurately struck and wrecked the empty hangars on the northwestern side of the airdrome, inflicting destruction which was later to be regretted. In the ensuing dogfights, five Dewoitine 520 French fighters were claimed shot down and others damaged. A second attack on La Sénia airfield were delivered a few minutes later by ten Seafires from H.M.S. Furious in low-level strafing runs against grounded planes and antiaircraft batteries. Again Vichy French fighters contested the action. The Vichy fighters, however only defended the airfield vicinity and did not oppose the ground forces landing at Oran Harbor. The planned air assault against the airfield was redirected, and the airfield was captured by Company B, of the 1st Armored Regiment about 1000, after many Vichy Aircraft already flown off, presumably to French Morocco. A few remained dispersed on the ground or in the hangars.
Once the combat units moved east to other airfields in Algeria and Tunisia during the late spring of 1943, the airfield came under the control of Air Transport Command, under which it functioned as a stopover en route to Algiers airport or to Port Lyautey Airfield, in French Morocco on the North African Cairo–Dakar transport route for cargo, transiting aircraft and personnel.
Andrade Gutierrez, a Brazilian company has won a contract to construct a new runway in Oran Airport, located in the second largest city in Algeria. The construction was estimated to cost EUR 20 million. Oran has a population of around 650,000. Being the second largest city in the country, Oran is an important industrial, educational and cultural centre. The construction work at Oran airport is the second contract won by the company in Algeria. The new 9,843 feet long runway 07R/25L has been operational since 12 February 2009.
Currently, the airport is composed of two terminals, one for domestic flights, and the other for international flights. The international terminal is basically the previous airport, while the domestic terminal is a recent "huge tent" as the Algerians call it.
^ Airport information for DAOO at World Aero Data. Data current as of October 2006.Source: DAFIF.
^ Airport information for ORN / DAOO at Great Circle Mapper. Source: DAFIF (effective October 2006).
^ "DAOO @ aerobaticsweb.org". Landings.com. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
^ Northwest Africa: Seizing the Initiate in the West, Chapter XII: The Seizure of Oran. published by the United States Army Center of Military History.
^ a b Maurer, Maurer (1983). Air Force Combat Units of World War II. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-89201-092-4.
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2019-04-26T09:23:52Z
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oran%20Es%20Senia%20Airport?printable=yes
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Something my Nana used to say to me is, “You are enough, and I love you.” It took me well into my 30s to feel comfortable with myself. I find myself constantly stumbling, trying to improve myself, and frequently falling hard, having setbacks. This is the journey called life, and it’s not always a smooth ride. It is this stumbling that we each encounter that makes us better if we can persevere. With these challenges, we become stronger and better people. First and foremost, we need to love ourselves, so we can love others.
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2019-04-19T10:51:17Z
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https://binduliving.wordpress.com/2017/12/12/life/
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This manual page documents briefly the update-texmf-config command.
because the original script was designed for Debian packaging system.
be carried out by the tex-common package.
map Activate the texmf-map trigger.
hyphen Activate the texmf-hyphen trigger.
lsr Activate the texmf-lsr trigger.
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2019-04-21T18:31:31Z
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http://man.he.net/man8/update-texmf-config
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| 0.50384 |
wordpress
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This blog has been very quiet lately. I guess I got out of the blogging habit while I was sick. Also, I don’t have much to share. I’ve been catching up on chores, plus we’re trying to decorate the house. Not very exciting, but it has to be done.
I thought I would fill the space with a couple of my recent cooking experiments. This is for your amusement/enlightenment as much as anything else. I’m much more comfortable spending my time in the kitchen making cabinets or painting than I am cooking. It’s not that I don’t enjoy cooking. In fact, I love to bake. The thing is I’m just not a very good cook. I don’t know why but I’m really scatterbrained about it. I always forget to buy a vital ingredient, or I buy the wrong thing, or I forget to put something into the mix, etc.
First up is a recipe for Boursin-style cheese from the Bunny Kitchen blog that I mentioned in a previous post. I’ve been having trouble getting some of the ingredients for my vegan experiments. Poppy, who runs the aforementioned blog, suggested that I might be able to get the unsweetened soya yoghurt for this recipe from Tesco’s. Having been previously disappointed by their poor selection of soya yoghurts, I was surprised to find that this time they had quite a good range. I was so excited by this that I forgot to check that the plain yoghurt was unsweetened. When I got it home and realised my mistake I decided to give the recipe a go anyway (sorry Poppy!). I added extra salt to compensate for the sugar in the yoghurt. I also left out the garlic, even though that’s my favourite flavour in Boursin, because I didn’t want to smell of it. Anyway, given all that, it turned out to be quite edible. I was impressed by the texture – authentic and creamy.
Let tin of coconut milk settle in fridge overnight.
Marinate tofu in oil from jar of tomatoes for at least 30 minutes but preferably overnight. You can also add a dash of tamari sauce at this stage for a bit of extra flavour.
Cook pasta or noodles according to the packet instructions.
Meanwhile, in a large pan/wok, fry the onion in the oil that was used to marinate the tofu.
Season tofu with salt and pepper, and fry with the onions.
Add peppers, then mushrooms, then tomatoes.
Stir in coconut cream, tomato puree and noodles.
I’ve been quite vague about the quantities and timings because I think you should decide how much suits your taste buds. If you have any questions please leave me a comment below.
* There are usually instructions on the packet about how best to do this.
I also enjoyed DSharp’s version of Glad You Came, and there were plenty of other nifty YouTubes that she introduced us to but I can’t remember them all now.
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2019-04-19T07:16:25Z
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https://anglosaxonceltcreates.wordpress.com/2015/04/
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It has been a very important weekend for the Sacred Heart parish in Wimbledon, South-West London, founded by the Jesuits over 100 years ago. It was revealed over a year ago that the Society of Jesus was to hand over administration of the parish to the Archdiocese of Southwark. This is largely because of the lack of manpower owing to a shortage of vocations in the Jesuits in Britain. It was then announced that the new Parish Priest would be Monsignor Nick Hudson, a Rector of the English College in Rome. This was an inspired choice.
Fr Nick is from the parish. His family lived just a few streets away from the church where he was baptised and ordained, as he reminded parishioners at his first Mass last night (Saturday). His parents passed away a few years ago but I remember them and his older brothers who were with me at school in Wimbledon College SJ (which he also attended) and in the local cubs and scout group. It is one of the largest Catholic troops in England and has the papal colours of white and gold in its necktie.
Monsignor Hudson also announced that with the assistance of his new curate and with the help of some of the Jesuits who will continue to reside in the parish, the number of Sunday and weekday Masses and confession times will be unchanged.
On Friday night a special Mass was held at which the Archbishop of Southwark Peter Smith inducted Monsignor Hudson as Parish Priest. In his homily he paid tribute to the role played by the Jesuits since 1877 when a member of the Courtauld family Edith Arendrup lived at Cottenham Park and invited the Jesuits to start a Mass centre in her house. She then provided the funds for the magnificent church at Edge Hill.
The Mass was followed by a reception at the parish hall when presentations were made to the Jesuit priests. So far it appears that the transition has worked smoothly. Thanks are due to all the Jesuits who ministered there over the years but it is good to know that they will still be associated with Wimbledon (eg Jesuit Missions) for some time.
I am taking a trip back in time across the Irish Sea. My first journey for 2014 involves a flight to Birmingham this afternoon (Thursday). A good friend died after Christmas and his funeral is tomorrow (Friday) at Robin Hood Crematorium. My obituary for Howard Waldron (RIP) will hopefully appear after I have spoken at the service.
Howard and his (then girlfriend) Marie were among the friends I got to know in Birmingham when I came to work there for BBC Radio Birmingham (now WM) in 1975. Elsewhere on these pages you will find my story about the Boomtown Rats, one of the many Irish groups I got to meet. The Dubliners and Horslips are among the others I interviewed at Pebble Mill, one of the finest broadcasting centres in England, sadly now demolished.
My journey on Friday evening will bring me back to London, where I grew up (1954-67) and where my younger daughter is now based. On Saturday I will get the first chance this season to see my football club AFC Wimbledon in action. They take on Torquay at Kingsmeadow in League 2. At the moment the Dons are in mid-table and hopefully after a good 3-0 win last weekend they can build on that form as the last thing we need is another end-of-season relegation scenario.
As it happens, this is also a very important weekend for the Sacred Heart parish in Wimbledon where I used to live and go to school. After running the parish for over 100 years since they founded it in 1887, the Jesuits are handing over the administration to the Archdiocese of Southwark at a special Mass on Friday evening. The new Parish Priest is Monsignor Nick Hudson, a former Rector of the English College in Rome, who was ordained a priest in Wimbledon. There will still be a Jesuit presence in the parish, however, both at the schools (Donhead and Wimbledon College), at Jesuit Missions in Edge Hill and at a nearby Jesuit residence.
One of the reasons the Jesuits are handing over what was regarded as their most prestigious parish in England and Wales is the lack of voacations. They do not have the manpower to continue serving the normal parish needs. It is therefore interesting that my current parish of St Brigid’s in South Belfast will shortly be welcoming a Jesuit who is at his Tertiary stage, a period of reflection and parish experience that comes after ordination and before he makes his final vows.
Fr Nick Austin is a college professor lecturing in moral theology in London. He is a native of Coventry, an area I explored soon after I moved to Birmingham in 1975, visiting the Anglican Cathedral. It was bombed during the second world war but a new structure was designed for the 20thC and was consecrated in 1962. By coincidence I met at a friend’s house in Wimbledon on another occasion a relative of the late Keith New (died February 2012), who designed some of the stained glass windows for St Michael’s Cathedral. Coventry was also a city where Howard Waldron used to work.
The wheel will come full circle when I travel to Dublin next week, on my return from England.
During a visit to Bristol, I heard about the Enough Food for Everyone IF campaign. I saw a banner on display near Bristol’s Anglican Cathedral, a fine building. CAFOD along with over 100 charities in the UK is part of a coalition pushing for action by the G8 on the issue of global hunger, so that 2013 can be the beginning of the end of global hunger. The G8 leaders are due to meet at the Lough Erne resort, near Enniskillen in County Fermanagh in June.
There is Enough Food for Everyone….
CAFOD is a sister organisation of Trócaire, set up by the Irish Catholic Bishops forty years ago for overseas aid. This week representatives of Trócaire are at the 57th session of the Commission on the Status of Women at the United Nations. Both groups are affiliates of Caritas International. More details of the CAFOD campaign including details of how to lobby MPs can be found here. One in eight people in the world go hungry.
One final observation about the Catholic community in Bristol. While walking around the city centre I came across the church of St Mary on the Quay, Colston Street. In the pastoral care of the Divine Word Missionaries (SVD), it was a Jesuit parish from 1861 until 1996, when a lack of priests meant that the order had to withdraw their services. Now, for similar reasons, the Jesuits are leaving the Sacred Heart parish in Wimbledon, where I used to live.
Among the statues there which shows the Jesuit influence is one of St Ignatius of Loyola, founder of the Society of Jesus. Perhaps I should have taken the hint and speculated what if the new Pope were to be a Jesuit! Certainly the election of Cardinal Bergoglio from Buenos Aires as Pope Francis I is very welcome. I hope the first Jesuit to become Pontiff will bring a wind of change with him, as we were promised during the Papacy of John XXIII.
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2019-04-24T18:04:26Z
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https://fisherbelfast.wordpress.com/tag/jesuits/
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Porn
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News
| 0.354713 |
wordpress
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By divine permission and guidance we officially launched registration from our site (www.ShivMira.com) for the course of Dolphin Animal Spirit Reiki with attunment for the same.
In less than 24 hrs time -we got more than 100 logs with 80 full confirmed registration of email as well as whatsapp.Gratitude for the Awesome response. People who are very new to healing energies and also who are professional healers and teachers.Blessed be all.Congrats.
Here are some feedback of the attunment. Soon more will be added .
Just in case you missed the opportunity this time. Please follow our page and site for the announcement of further such free or paid courses and sessions. Blessed be . Be Awesome.
I signed up for this, but must have missed a step. I did not receive an attunement or manual.
I send email to confirm whatsapp number. Tried sending using Indian code but couldn’t find u.
This attunement was a beautiful experience…..the cold smooth energy flowing through my system was amazing……thanks in full gratitiude.
Divine Gratitude for the strong Dolphin Reiki Attunement.
Yesterday afternoon, I happened to see a pic of Dolphins on book and I felt as though it is smiling and telling me something.
Previous day, as I was taking attunement, some disturbance happened. Then, Hester evening I took. I felt dolphins on my ccown, face, cleansing solar, heart, naval and for a long time I was engulfed in a dolphin, as it intended to clean me thoroughly. Later, I felt very light.
Received the Dolphin Reiki Attunement Beena.
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2019-04-23T10:14:49Z
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https://beenarohra.wordpress.com/2018/02/22/feedback-pouring-for-dolphin-animal-spirit-reiki-course/
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Porn
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News
| 0.314368 |
typepad
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THE GURGLING COD: Downshifting Populism, or: America will not be crucified on a cross of eight dollar chicken sandwiches?
Downshifting Populism, or: America will not be crucified on a cross of eight dollar chicken sandwiches?
And yes, it has been a while since I rapped at you, but that Awl piece today about the Pete Wells Per Se review has been getting some love on the internet today, and I am not sure why. I've been a fan of the Awl since its inception, wrote for it one time, and a fan of Alex Balk since TMF/TML. This piece, though, I do not get. As it happens, I'm teaching a class about criticism at the day job this semester, and mentioned Wells' Fieri review as an example of why negative reviews are more fun to read than the other kind. But this piece? IDK. I have not read much of Matt Buchanan's stuff. He is admirably well versed in the recent history of NYT restaurant reviewers, though I was sad not to see Grimes in the conversation.
As impressive as it is to see this knowledge, it bears on an argument that is rendered basically incoherent by its embrace of a single word -- the subhed is "The ceaseless downshifting of 'populism' in dining."
There are at least two completely different was that this does not make sense, which is something in itself. In both cases, "downshifting" is just not the word Buchanan needs. In a literal sense, to "downshift" is to shift from a higher to a lower gear. It's not a great word to use figuratively, because you might downshift a) to accelerate to pass a slower car or b) to use engine braking to slow your vehicle. Given the evident prominence of Uber in Buchanan's opus, it's likely he does not drive stick, and the nuances of this word escape him.
That said, if you get out of the car, and imagine that he is using "downshift" in the more literal (figurative?) sense of actually shifting something down, the article gets more confusing, because what is getting "downshifted" is "populism." If we assume that "downshift" means something like to "diminish" or "reduce," in the same way that men like Mike Gundy use "downgrade" when they mean "denigrate," it only gets more confusing. Is a diminished populism one that is more or less populist than the original? Eventually the piece gets around to something like the idea that maybe it's not so cool that a Michelin-starred chef getting involved in a fast-casual chicken sandwich place makes them William Jennings Bryan 2.0. Indeed, it is messed up to live in a world where a heavily capitalized salad chain can identify Greenwich Village as a "food desert," but it would help if we knew ahead of time if a "downshifted" populism was more or less elitist than the regular kind.
Reading your post before the Awl piece it read as what should have been "pumping the brakes" instead of downshift to slowdown going downhill.
However, the bigger concern is that all the good arguments are in the tags, a common problem on many sites, but in this case, a real one based on what the whole review came down to in the first place: money. There are a pig snout's full of tags about money buries down there and that's a legitimate discussion even if you have it to burn.
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2019-04-18T18:25:58Z
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https://thegurglingcod.typepad.com/thegurglingcod/2016/01/downshifting-populism-or-america-will-not-be-crucified-on-a-cross-of-eight-dollar-chicken-sandwiches.html?cid=6a00d8341c387d53ef01bb08b1f45a970d
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.125706 |
cnn
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The "Ghost Troop" leader says shooting suspect James von Brunn corresponded with him for several years.
Where others see meaningless coincidence, members of "Ghost Troop," an online group of writers and investigators bent on disproving official versions of the September 11, 2001, attacks and other major events, have a penchant for seeing what they argue is meaningful evidence. Where others see the smoke of understandable and inevitable inconsistency, they see fire.
Ghost Troop members are trying to build the case that von Brunn, an ardent believer in conspiracy theories, was himself the victim of a conspiracy.
Ghost Troop's center of focus until now has been the 2001 terrorist attacks. The museum shooting has opened yet another window into the thinking of a group that believes many highly public and publicized events are rarely what they appear to be.
"It's possible that he [von Brunn] might have been enticed to the Holocaust Museum," said Ghost Troop member William Fox. Fox said that Israeli intelligence agents could have shot security officer Stephen Johns, then shot von Brunn, then planted the rifle.
"Today's shootings at the DC Holocaust Museum bear some of the classic earmarks of a false flag operation," wrote conspiracy theorist Eric May on the Web site amfirstbooks.com.
"Mind you, I'm not asserting that this is a false flag operation, but neither am I discounting the possibility. I exhort Internet researchers to look into this carefully and publish results," May wrote.
An Embassy of Israel official in Washington, informed of the Ghost Troop speculation, declined comment, saying it deserved none.
May is founder of Ghost Troop, which he describes as an informal group of more then 300 ex-military and civilian volunteers who "thwart false flag attacks and other criminal activity by the administration."
May wrote that the 9/11 attacks were "in all likelihood an 'inside job,' a collaborative effort between high-level U.S. government insiders and the Israeli Mossad."
He wrote he also thinks the same about the Madrid, Spain, train bombing in 2004 and the London, England, bombings in 2005.
"These false flag attacks are used to justify further U.S. and Israeli military interventionism and other geopolitical goals," May wrote.
Ghost Troop bloggers also have speculated about the timing of the appearance of "666" in the Illinois State Lottery, saying the number could be a signal to others for nefarious purposes.
Now, May said, his "theory, but not conviction [is] that this was a staged event, a contrived shooting."
The reasons he feels that way: The government has not released videotape, a former high-ranking government official was at the shooting scene, a North American Aerospace Defense Command exercise was planned for the day of the incident and there were discrepancies between the number of shots some witnesses recalled hearing and the number of bullet casings found at the shooting scene.
Finally, May said, the Holocaust Museum shooting "didn't seem like the kind of operation he would have done if he had decided to go on what in effect was a homicide/suicide mission."
Fox, like May, said he is not certain the Holocaust Museum attack is a "false flag" operation. But, he added, "This is so incredibly convenient for [Homeland Security Secretary] Janet Napolitano and the Jewish lobby to have this happen right now." He said Napolitano's job was in danger because she implied that returning veterans were susceptible to influence from terrorists.
"It's not all black and white. I believe along with the captain [May] that most of the official story is true." But "malevolent forces are trying to spin this to the max. They love to take incidents like this to amplify them to the max," he said.
Fox said he was suspicious that the museum shooting could be a false flag operation because a person with von Brunn's military experience should have been able to stage a more forceful assault on the building. He is also suspicious because the government has not released surveillance video of the incident.
"Where are the videos? Have you seen any video evidence yet? That's interesting, don't you think?" he said.
U.S. Attorney's Office spokesman John Roth said prosecutors "have very strict guidelines with regards to what we can and cannot produce in a pretrial setting." The guidelines are designed to prevent prejudicing potential jurors, he said.
"It's for the protection of the defendant more than anything else," Roth said.
"In the normal course, these things are introduced at trial and made publicly available," he said.
Asked if he was participating in a coverup, Roth said, "No."
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2019-04-26T06:35:26Z
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http://edition.cnn.com/2009/CRIME/06/16/museum.shooting/
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.842667 |
wordpress
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What would have happened if Romney won?
A very short post. What do you guys think would have been the ramifications of a Romney win?
My guess is a widespread forced conversion to Mormonism.
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2019-04-25T20:18:28Z
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https://thegreatantagonizer.wordpress.com/tag/mormon/
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.402925 |
wordpress
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Exclusive to WH Smiths £4.99. Universal’s 100th Anniversary Edition DVD + 16 page Magazine featuring 1 page on Björn & Benny.
ABBA\ABBA DELUXE EDITION OUT NOW!
Comments : Comments Off on ABBA\ABBA DELUXE EDITION OUT NOW!
Comments : Comments Off on Happy Birthday Frida.
Here we meet Jennifer Lopez fans –and Agnetha Fältskog.
Expressen followed the star backstage – where Abba singer had a brief chat.
After the show, she meet a number of fans backstage.Among them: Agnetha Fältskog, 62.
The singer was presented to Lopez as part of the pop group Abba and had a brief chat with Expressen .
– Now I am in shape. It feels good. Tomorrow we go to Finland, then Russia and so.
Comments : Comments Off on Agnetha New pics!
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2019-04-19T17:07:44Z
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https://abbaofficial.wordpress.com/2012/11/
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Porn
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News
| 0.80524 |
google
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公开了一种方法，包括：从在显示器上显示的虚拟键盘接收字符输入；基于输入字符而生成预测输入字符集合；在所述虚拟键盘的与候选字母靠近地关联的分区中显示已生成字符集合。 It discloses a method, comprising: receiving characters from the virtual keyboard displayed on the display input; generating predicted input character based on the input set of characters; display generated set of characters in the virtual partition is associated closely with the candidate letter keyboard . 还公开了一种电子设备和键盘，被配置为执行所述方法。 Also disclosed is an electronic device and a keyboard, configured to execute the method.
本发明要求于2012年2月24日提交的临时美国专利申请n0.61/603,043的优先权和利益，其通过其完整引用而合并到此。 The present invention claims provisional US patent on February 24, 2012 filed and benefit n0.61 / 603,043, which is incorporated in its entirety by this reference. 本发明还涉及于2011年11月10日提交的共有美国专利申请n0.13/373，356，其通过其完整引用而合并到此。 The present invention also relates to a total of US Patent on November 10, 2011 filed n0.13 / 373,356, which is incorporated in its entirety by this reference.
本发明通常涉及用于电子设备(例如手持电子设备)的输入方法，更具体地说，涉及用于接收预测性文本输入并且对于电子设备生成字符集合的方法。 The present invention generally relates to a method for an electronic input apparatus (e.g. a handheld electronic device), and more particularly, to a receiving predictive text input method of the electronic device and for generating a set of characters.
日益地，电子设备(例如计算机、上网本、蜂窝电话、智能电话、个人数字助理、平板电脑等)具有允许用户将字符输入到应用(例如词处理器或电子邮件应用)的触摸屏。 Increasingly, electronic equipment (such as computers, the Internet, cellular phones, smart phones, personal digital assistants, tablets, etc.) allows the user to have a character input to the application (such as word processor or email application) touch screen. 归因于例如小的触摸屏区域，尤其是在用户需要输入长消息的情况下，触摸屏上的字符输入可能是棘手的任务。 Due to a small area such as a touch screen, especially in the case where the user needs to enter a long message, character input on the touch screen can be tricky task.
图1是根据在此公开的实施例的电子设备的示例框图。 FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an example of an electronic apparatus according to this embodiment of the disclosure.
图2是示出根据在此公开的实施例的用于预测所选字符集合的示例方法的流程图。 FIG 2 is a flowchart illustrating an example method for predicting a selected set of characters in this embodiment according to the disclosure.
图3A、图3B、图3C和图3D示出根据在此公开的实施例的触摸屏的示例前视图。 FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D illustrate an example of a touch screen in front of this embodiment of the disclosed embodiments view.
图4A和图413不出根据在此公开的实施例的触摸屏的不例前视图。 FIG. 4A and 413 according to the embodiment does not front view of a touch panel of this embodiment of the disclosure.
图5示出根据在此公开的实施例的触摸屏的示例前视图。 Figure 5 shows an example of a touch screen in front of this embodiment of the disclosed embodiments view.
图6A、图6B和图6C示出根据在此公开的实施例的触摸屏的示例前视图。 FIGS. 6A, 6B and 6C illustrate an example of a touch screen in front of this embodiment of the disclosed embodiments view.
图7示出根据在此公开的实施例的触摸屏的示例前视图。 FIG 7 illustrates an example of a touch screen in front of this embodiment of the disclosed embodiments view.
图8A和图8B示出根据在此公开的实施例的触摸屏的示例前视图。 FIGS. 8A and 8B show an example of a touch screen in front of this embodiment of the disclosed embodiments view.
图9示出根据在此公开的实施例的触摸屏的示例前视图。 Figure 9 shows an example of a touch screen in front of this embodiment of the disclosed embodiments view.
图1OA和图1OB示出根据在此公开的实施例的触摸屏的示例前视图。 FIGS 1OA and 1OB illustrate an example touch screen according to the previous embodiments disclosed herein. FIG.
图11A和图1IB示出根据在此公开的实施例的触摸屏的示例前视图。 FIGS. 11A and FIG 1IB illustrates an example touch screen according to the preceding embodiments disclosed herein. FIG.
图12A和图12B示出根据在此公开的实施例的触摸屏的示例前视图。 FIGS. 12A and 12B illustrate an example touch screen according to the previous embodiments disclosed herein. FIG.
图13A和图13B示出根据在此公开的实施例的触摸屏的示例前视图。 FIGS. 13A and 13B illustrate an example touch screen according to the previous embodiments disclosed herein. FIG.
图14A、图14B和图14C示出根据在此公开的实施例的触摸屏的示例前视图。 FIGS. 14A, 14B and 14C show an example of a touch screen in front of this embodiment of the disclosed embodiments view.
图15示出根据在此公开的实施例的触摸屏的示例前视图。 FIG. 15 illustrates an example of a touch screen in front of this embodiment of the disclosed embodiments view.
图16示出根据在此公开的实施例的触摸屏的示例前视图。 FIG. 16 illustrates an example of a touch screen in front of this embodiment of the disclosed embodiments view.
图17是示出根据在此公开的实施例的示例方法的流程图。 FIG 17 is a flowchart illustrating an example method of this embodiment of the disclosure.
图18是示出根据在此公开的实施例的示例方法的流程图。 FIG. 18 is a flowchart illustrating an example method of this embodiment of the disclosure.
图19是示出根据在此公开的实施例的示例方法的流程图。 FIG. 19 is a flowchart illustrating an example method of this embodiment of the disclosure.
图20示出根据在此公开的实施例的用于触摸屏上的显示的虚拟键盘的示例前视图。 FIG. 20 illustrates an example front view of a display on the touch panel of this embodiment of the disclosed virtual keyboard.
图21至图24示出根据在此公开的实施例的用于触摸屏上的显示的虚拟键盘的示例前视图。 FIGS. 21 to 24 shows a front view of an example of a display on the touch screen virtual keyboard of this embodiment of the disclosure.
图25至图28示出根据在此公开的实施例的用于触摸屏上的显示的虚拟键盘的示例前视图。 FIG. 25 through FIG. 28 illustrates an example front view of a display on the touch screen virtual keyboard according to this embodiment of the disclosed embodiments.
图29是示出根据在此公开的实施例的示例方法的流程图。 FIG. 29 is a flowchart illustrating an example method of this embodiment of the disclosure.
现将详细参照各个实施例，其示例在附图中示出。 Referring now in detail to various embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. 每当可能时，将贯穿附图使用相同的标号来指代相同或相似的部分。 Wherever possible, the same reference numerals used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts.
本发明涉及一种电子设备，包括有线通信设备(例如具有触摸屏的膝上型计算机)和移动手持无线通信设备(例如蜂窝电话、智能电话、无线组织器、个人数字助理、带无线的上网本计算机、平板电脑以及相似的设备)。 The present invention relates to an electronic device, comprising a wired communication device (e.g. a laptop computer with a touch screen) and a mobile handheld wireless communication devices (e.g. cellular phones, smart phones, wireless organizers, personal digital assistant with wireless netbook computers, tablet computers and similar devices). 电子设备也可以是没有无线通信能力的电子设备，例如手持电子游戏设备、数码相框、数码相机或其它设备。 Electronic devices can also be without wireless communication capabilities of electronic devices, such as handheld electronic game devices, digital photo frames, digital camera or other device.
已经引入基本预测性文本输入解决方案，以协助电子设备上的输入。 have introduced basic predictive text input solutions to assist input on electronic devices. 这些解决方案包括:预测用户正输入的词，并且对于完成该词而提供建议。 These solutions include: word prediction user is entering, and for the completion of the word and offer suggestions. 但这些解决方案可能具有限制，在解决方案建议用户正尝试输入的词之前，通常要求用户输入词中的多数或所有字符。 However, these solutions may have limitations in the solution recommended user is trying to enter the word before, usually require the user to enter the word in most or all of the characters. 尽管如此，用户一般必须将焦点从键盘转向视图，并且考虑在电子设备的显示器上的其它地方所显示的建议词，此后，回看键盘以继续键入。 Nevertheless, the user typically must shift the focus from the keyboard to view and consider the recommendations of the word elsewhere on the display of the electronic device of the show, after which, looking back at the keyboard to continue typing. 在电子设备中输入信息的同时相对于键盘的人眼的重新聚焦尤其在撰写长文本时会使眼睛疲劳并且麻烦、令人分心、或低效。 At the same time entering information in an electronic device relative to refocus the human eye, especially the keyboard makes writing long text in eye fatigue and trouble, distracting, or inefficient. 此夕卜，由于在用户将注意力聚集在输入区域上然后回到虚拟键盘处的同时处理器待机，处理周期损失并且浪费显示功率。 Bu this evening, since the user is then returned to the attention gathered on the virtual keyboard at the input region while the processor waits display processing cycle loss and wasting power.
从设备资源和用户体验的角度来看，预测性文本输入解决方案的效率有时取决于特定用户以及该特定用户与触摸屏的交互的性质。 From the perspective of device resources and user experience point of view, the efficiency of predictive text input solution may depend on the nature of the particular user and the particular user interaction with the touch screen. 虚拟键盘使用模式可以广泛地分类为两类:“快速”和“精确”。 Virtual keyboard usage patterns can be broadly classified into two categories: "fast" and "accurate." 快速键入者典型地是依赖于自动校正的快速两拇指键入者。 Fast type are typically dependent on the two thumb typing fast by automatic adjustment. 这种使用模式最接近地对应于有经验的频繁触摸屏用户。 This mode of use is closest to the touch screen corresponding to the frequently experienced users. 精确键入者典型地是谨慎的键入者，其倾向于使用单个手指点来键击虚拟键盘中的键，并且一般根据输入加速器而不是自动校正来选取预测。 Exact type are typically those cautious type, which tend to use a single finger to point keystrokes virtual keyboard keys, and to select the prediction is generally based on the input accelerator instead of the automatic correction. 这种使用模式最接近地对应于新手/新触摸屏用户以及潜在的单手(拇指)使用情况。 This usage pattern corresponds most closely to the novice / new user and touch screen potential single hand (thumb) usage.
相应地，在此所描述的示例实施例允许电子设备的用户输入字符而无需从键盘转移注意力并且后续重新聚焦。 Accordingly, in the exemplary embodiment described herein allows a user of the electronic device embodiment of input characters from the keyboard without having to divert attention and subsequent re-focusing. 在此描述的示例实施例还寻求包容不同的用户类型(例如快速键入者和精确键入者)以及不同用户类型所提出的不同的效率挑战。 In the exemplary embodiment described herein also seek to accommodate different types of users (e.g., by typing fast and precise type are) different efficiency, and the different user types of challenges posed.
说明书以及权利要求书中使用数量词“一个”、“某个”意味着包括其引入的一个或多于一个的特征，除非另外说明。 As used quantifier the specification and claims, "a", "an" is meant to include the introduction of one or more than one of its features, unless otherwise stated. 因此，在“生成字符集合”中所使用的“字符集合”可以包括生成一个或多于一个的字符集合。 Thus, the "generated set of characters" as used in "character set" may include generating one or more than one set of characters. 相似地，尤其是在通过数量词已经引入特征之后使用代词“该”或“所述”意味着包括其指代的一个或多于一个的特征(除非另外声明)。 Similarly, after a particular use pronouns wherein it has been introduced by the quantifier "the" or "said" is meant to include one or more features (unless otherwise stated) which refers to. 因此，在“显示所述已生成字符集合”中所使用的术语“所述已生成字符集合”包括显示一个或多个已生成字符集合。 Thus, in the "display of the generated set of characters" as used in the term "the generated set of characters" includes displaying one or more generated set of characters. 对在此所包含的方位(例如水平和垂直)的引用是相对于图形用户界面的屏幕方位，而不是任何物理方位。 Azimuth (e.g. horizontal and vertical) of the reference contained herein with respect to the orientation of the graphical user interface screen, rather than any physical orientation.
在一个实施例中，提供一种方法，包括:从在显示器上所显示的虚拟键盘接收字符输入;基于输入字符生成一个或多个预测输入字符集合;在虚拟键盘内靠近与所述一个或多个已生成预测输入字符集合中的后续候选输入字符相对应的键的位置处显示已生成预测输入字符集合中的一个或多个。 In one embodiment, there is provided a method, comprising: receiving characters from the virtual keyboard displayed on the display input; generate one or more predictive input character based on the input set of characters; and close in the virtual keyboard position the one or more candidate set generating subsequent input character prediction input character key corresponding to a display generated one or more sets of predicted input characters.
在另一实施例中，提供一种电子设备，其包括处理器以及耦合到所述处理器的显示器。 In another embodiment, there is provided an electronic apparatus comprising a processor and a display coupled to the processor. 所述处理器可以被配置为执行在此所描述的方法。 The processor may be configured to perform the method described herein.
在另一实施例中，提供一种在电子设备的显示器上所提供的键盘。 In another embodiment, there is provided A keyboard on a display of an electronic device is provided. 所述键盘可以包括多个键，每个键与多个字符中的一个或多个不同字符相对应。 The keypad may include a plurality of keys, each of a plurality of characters corresponding to the characters or more different. 响应于接收字符输入，所述键盘被配置为执行在此所描述的方法。 In response to receiving a character input, the method described herein is configured to perform at the keyboard.
这些示例实施例以及以下所描述的内容允许电子设备的用户输入字符集合，而无需从虚拟键盘转移注意力并在后续重新聚焦。 SUMMARY The following embodiments and these exemplary embodiments described allow a user of the electronic device input set of characters, without the need for subsequent re-focusing and divert attention from the virtual keyboard. 预测并且提供用户可能预期的各个选项并且在键盘上适当的位置处进行该操作允许关注点保留在键盘上，这增强了字符输入的效率、精度以及速度。 Forecasting and providing the user various options and might be expected to carry out the operation on the keyboard at the appropriate location allows the focus to remain on the keyboard, which enhances the character input efficiency, accuracy and speed.
图1是根据在此公开的示例实施例的电子设备100的框图。 FIG. 1 is a block diagram according to an example embodiment disclosed herein an electronic apparatus 100. 电子设备100包括多个组件，例如主处理器102，其控制电子设备100的整体操作。 Assembly 100 includes a plurality of electronic devices, such as a main processor 102 which controls the overall operation of the electronic device 100. 通过通信子系统104来执行包括数据通信和语音通信的通信功能。 Communication functions, including data and voice communications, communications through the communications subsystem 104. 解码器106对电子设备100所接收到的数据进行解压和解密。 Decoder 106 on the data received by the electronic device 100 is decompressed and decrypted. 通信子系统104从网络150接收消息并且将消息发送到网络150。 The communication subsystem 104 receives messages from the network 150 and transmits the message to the network 150. 网络150可以是任何类型的网络，包括但不限于有线网络、数据无线网络、语音无线网络和支持通过相同物理基站的语音通信和数据通信的双模无线网络。 Network 150 may be any type of network, including but not limited to a wired network, data wireless networks, voice wireless networks, and support voice communication and data communication via the same physical base station dual-mode wireless networks. 电子设备100可以是电池供电设备，并且包括电池接口142，用于容纳一个或多个电池144。 The electronic device 100 may be a battery-powered device and includes a battery interface 142 for receiving one or more batteries 144.
主处理器102耦合到附加子系统并且可以与附加子系统交互，该附加子系统例如随机存取存储器(RAM) 108、存储器110 (例如硬驱、CD、DVD、闪存或类似的存储设备)、一个或多个致动器120、一个或多个力传感器122、辅助输入/输出(I/O)子系统124、数据端口126、扬声器128、麦克风130、短距离通信132、其它设备子系统134以及触摸屏118。 The host processor 102 may be coupled to additional subsystems and interacts with additional subsystems, the additional subsystems such as a random access memory (RAM) 108, a memory 110 (e.g., a hard drive, CD, DVD, flash memory or similar storage device), one or more actuators 120, one or more force sensors 122, an auxiliary input / output (I / O) subsystems 124, data port 126, a speaker 128, microphone 130, short-range communications 132, other devices subsystem 134 and a touch screen 118.
触摸屏118包括显示器112，具有连接到控制器116的触摸有效覆盖层114。 The touch screen 118 includes a display 112, a touch controller 116 is connected to the cover layer 114 effectively. 通过触摸有效覆盖层114来执行与图形用户界面(GUI)(例如在显示器112上呈现并且显示为用于输入字符的⑶I的虚拟键盘、或web浏览器)的用户交互。 By touching the cover layer 114 is performed efficiently with a graphical user interface (the GUI) (e.g., and presented on a display 112 for displaying input characters ⑶I virtual keyboard, or a web browser) user interaction. 主处理器102经由控制器116与触摸有效覆盖层114进行交互。 The main processor 102 via the controller 116 with the touch overlay 114 effectively interact. 字符(例如文本、符号、图像和其它项)经由主处理器102显示在触摸屏118的显示器112上。 The touch screen 118 on the display 112 of the main processor 102 via a display characters (e.g. text, symbols, images, and other items). 当用户在与字符关联的位置处对触摸屏进行触摸时，所述字符得以输入。 When the user touches the touch screen at a location associated with the character, the character is input.
触摸屏118连接到并且受控于主处理器102。 The touch screen 118 is connected to and controlled by the main processor 102. 相应地，电子设备100的主处理器102可以执行触摸事件检测和/或触摸事件位置的确定。 Accordingly, the electronic device 100 main processor 102 may be performed to determine the touch event detection and / or location of the touch event. 在一些实施例中，触摸事件包括手指键击、手指滑动、手写笔滑动、手指或手写笔长按或手指按下达到预定时间段等。 In some embodiments, the touch event includes a finger keystrokes, the finger sliding, sliding the stylus, finger or stylus or finger press pressing predetermined period of time and the like.
虽然已经描述了触摸屏的具体实施例，但可以使用用于电子设备的任何合适类型的触摸屏，包括电容式触摸屏、电阻式触摸屏、表面声波(SAW)触摸屏、嵌入式光电管触摸屏、红外(IR)触摸屏、基于的应变仪的触摸屏、光学成像触摸屏、色散信号技术触摸屏、声脉冲识别触摸屏或受抑全内反射触摸屏，但不限于此。 While there have been described particular embodiments of the touch screen, but may be used in any suitable type of electronic device is a touch screen including capacitive touch screen, a resistive touchscreen, a surface acoustic wave (SAW) touchscreen, an embedded photo tube touchscreen, infrared (IR) touchscreen, a strain gauge-based touchscreen, an optical imaging touchscreen, a dispersive signal technology touchscreen, an acoustic pulse recognition touchscreen or a frustrated total internal reflection touchscreen, but is not limited thereto. 任何给定实施例中所使用的触摸屏技术的类型将取决于电子设备及其特定应用和要求。 Any given type of touchscreen technology used in the examples of embodiment will depend upon the particular application and the electronic device and its requirements.
主处理器102也可以与定位系统136交互，用于确定电子设备100的位置。 The main processor 102 may also interact with the positioning system 136, 100 for determining the position of the electronic device. 可以通过多种方式(例如通过计算机、通过包括或不包括于电子设备100中的全球定位系统(GPS)、通过W1-Fi网络或通过使得手动地输入位置)来确定位置。 Through a variety of ways (e.g. by a computer, or may not include the electronic device 100 in a global positioning system (GPS), such that manually input location by W1-Fi network or Adoption) to determine the position. 也可以基于日程表条目来确定位置。 Position may also be determined based on calendar entries.
主处理器102也可以与方位传感器197交互，以用于感测设备的方位。 The main processor 102 may interact orientation sensor 197 and to devices for sensing orientation. 在一些示例中，方位传感器197可以是一个或多个加速器。 In some examples, the orientation sensor 197 may be one or more accelerators. 在一些示例中，方位传感器可以检测沿着多个正交轴的加速度。 In some examples, the position sensor may detect accelerations along a plurality of orthogonal axes. 主处理器102也可以与一个或多个接近度传感器198交互，以用于检测附近物体的接近度。 The main processor 102 may also be one or more proximity sensors 198 interact, for detecting proximity of an object nearby. 在一些示例中，接近度传感器可以是一个或多个红外发射机/传感器配对。 In some examples, the proximity sensor may be one or more infrared transmitters / sensor pairs. 主处理器102也可以与环境光传感器199交互，用于检测环境光的强度和/或色温。 The main processor 102 may also interact with the ambient light sensor 199, for detecting the intensity of ambient light and / or color temperature.
在一些实施例中，为了识别网络接入的订户，电子设备100使用插入到SM/RIHM接口140的订户身份模块或可移除用户身份模块(SIM/RUIM)卡138，以用于与网络(例如网络150)的通信。 In some embodiments, to identify a subscriber for network access, the use of the electronic device 100 is inserted into the SM / RIHM interface 140 a Subscriber Identity Module or a Removable User Identity Module (SIM / RUIM) card 138, for a communication network (e.g., network 150) and. 或者，用户识别信息可以被编程到存储器110中。 Alternatively, user identification information may be programmed into the memory 110.
电子设备100还包括主处理器102所执行并且典型地存储在存储器110中的操作系统146和程序148。 The electronic device 100 further includes a main processor 102 are typically stored and executed by the operating system 146 and a program 148 in the memory 110. 附加应用可以通过网络150、辅助I/O子系统124、数据端口126、短距离通信子系统132或任何其它合适的子系统而加载到电子设备100。 Additional applications can be 150, auxiliary I / O subsystem 124, data port 126, short-range communications subsystem 132 or any other suitable subsystem 100 and loaded into an electronic device via a network.
所接收到的信号(例如文本消息、电子邮件消息或网页下载)通过通信子系统104处理，并且这种处理过的信息然后提供给主处理器102。 The received signal (e.g. a text message, an email message or web page download) through a communication subsystem 104, and this processed information is then provided to the host processor 102. 主处理器102处理所接收到的信号，以输出到显示器112、辅助I/O子系统124或它们二者的组合。 The main processor 102 processes the received signal for output to display 112, a combination of auxiliary I / O subsystem 124, or both. 用户可以编写数据项(例如电子邮件消息)，其可以通过通信子系统104在网络150上被发送。 The user may compose data items (e.g., email messages), which may be transmitted over network 150 through communication subsystem 104. 对于语音通信，电子设备100的整体操作是相似的。 For voice communications, the overall operation of the electronic device 100 is similar. 扬声器128输出从电信号转换的可听信息，麦克风130将可听信息转换为电信号进行处理。 The speaker 128 outputs audible information converted from electrical signals, and the microphone 130 converts audible information into electrical signals for processing.
图2是示出根据在此公开的示例实施例的用于预测字符集合的示例方法200的流程图。 FIG 2 is a flowchart illustrating an example method for predicting a set of characters according to an exemplary embodiment 200 disclosed herein. 如在此所使用的那样，预测器(例如预测算法、程序或固件)包括指令集，当由处理器(例如主处理器102)执行时可以用于对所接收到的歧义文本输入消除歧义，并且提供用户可能预期的各种选项，例如字符集合(例如词或短语、首字母缩写词、姓名、俚语、口语、缩写词或其任何组合)。 As above, the predictor used herein (e.g., prediction algorithms, or firmware) comprises a set of instructions, when executed by a processor (e.g., main processor 102) may be used to disambiguate the ambiguous text input received, and provide a variety of options the user might be expected, such as a set of characters (such as words or phrases, acronyms, names, slang, colloquial, abbreviations, or any combination thereof). 预测器也可以接收无歧义文本输入，并且基于若干因素(例如上下文、使用频率以及本领域技术人员所理解的其它因素)来预测用户潜在预期的字符集合。 Predictor may also receive unambiguous text input, and based on several factors (e.g., factors other contexts, the frequency of use and the skilled artisan will appreciate) intended to predict the potential user set of characters. 预测器可以预测完成所接收的文本输入(被称为自动完成)的字符集合，校正所接收到的文本输入(被称为自动校正)，或其组合(例如在校正先前所输入的文本输入的同时完成文本输入)。 Predictor may predict the complete set of characters received text input (referred automatically) corrects the received text input (referred to as auto-correction), or combination thereof (e.g. in the previously entered text correction input At the same time finalize the text entry).
例如，在预测器中是驻留在电子设备100的存储器110中的程序148。 For example, a program resident in the memory 110 in the electronic device 100 in the predictor 148. 相应地，方法200包括预测器，用于基于所输入的字符来生成与后续候选输入字符相对应的字符集合。 Accordingly, the predictor 200 comprises, based on the entered character candidate generating subsequent input character corresponding to the character set of methods. 应理解，虽然在此所描述的示例实施例针对处理器所执行的预测器程序，但预测器可以由虚拟键盘控制器来执行。 It should be understood that although in the exemplary embodiment described herein with respect to the prediction program executed by a processor, the prediction may be performed by a virtual keyboard controller.
方法200在块210开始，其中，处理器从触摸屏上显示的虚拟键盘接收一个或多个字符输入。 Method 210 starts at block 200, wherein the processor virtual keyboard displayed on a touch screen receiving one or more character input. 然而，如在此使用的那样，字符可以是任何文字数字字符，例如字母、数字、符号、标点符号等。 However, as used above, any character may be alphanumeric characters, such as letters, numbers, symbols, punctuation. 所输入的字符可以显示在输入字段(例如以下图3-图9中进一步描述的输入字段330)中，输入字段显示用户使用虚拟键盘所输入的字符。 The input character may be displayed in the input field (e.g., the input fields are further described in the following 9 Figures 3 to 330), using the character input field displays the user entered the virtual keyboard.
在块220，处理器基于在块210中接收到的输入而生成一个或多个字符集合，例如词或短语、首字母缩写词、姓名、俚语、口语、缩写词或其任何组合。 At block 220, the processor based on the received input in block 210 to generate one or more set of characters, words or phrases, for example, acronyms, names, slang, colloquial, abbreviations, or any combination thereof. 字符集合可以包括例如电子设备的存储器的字典中所存储的字符集合(例如词或首字母缩写词)、用户先前所输入的字符集合(例如姓名或首字母缩写词)、基于层级或树形结构的字符集合、其组合、或处理器基于所定义的布置而选择的任何字符集合。 The character set may comprise, for example, a set of characters (e.g. word or acronym) dictionary memory of the electronic device in the stored set of characters (e.g., name or acronym) user previously entered, or tree-based hierarchical structure the set of characters, any character combination thereof, or the defined arrangement of the processor based on the selected set.
在一些实施例中，处理器可以使用用于生成字符集合的上下文数据。 In some embodiments, the processor may be used to generate context data for the set of characters. 上下文数据考虑输入字段中的字符的上下文。 Consider the context data in the context of the characters in the input field. 上下文数据可以包括关于例如用户先前所输入的字符集合的信息、输入字段中所输入的字符的语法属性(例如在句子中是需要名词还是动词作为下一字符集合)、或其任何组合。 Context data may include information regarding, for example, attribute grammar, the input field in input a character that the user previously entered set (e.g., a noun in a sentence is required as the next set of characters or a verb), or any combination thereof. 例如，如果字符集合“the”已经输入到显示器，则处理器可以使用上下文数据来确定名词(而非动词)将是在“the”之后的下一字符集合。 For example, if the set of characters "the" has been input to the display, the processor may use the context data to determine a noun (not verb) will be on "the" next character succeeding set. 类似地，如果输入字符集合“Guy Lafleur played in the Nat1nal Hockey”，则基于上下文，处理器可以确定后续字符集合可能是“League”。 Similarly, if the input set of characters "Guy Lafleur played in the Nat1nal Hockey", based on the context, the processor may determine a subsequent set of characters may be "League". 使用上下文数据，处理器也可以确定所输入的字符是否不正确。 Using the context data, the processor may determine the character entered is incorrect. 例如，给定QWERTY虚拟键盘上的这些字符的接近度，处理器可以确定所输入的字符应为V'而不是“a”。 For example, given the proximity of these virtual QWERTY keyboard characters, word processor may determine that the input should be V 'instead of "a".
处理器102也可以包括后缀作为字符集合的部分，例如动词结尾、形容词结尾、不同动词时态等，或用于构成完全字符集合的任何其它变形。 The processor 102 may also include a set of characters as part of the suffix, e.g. ending verbs, adjectives end, different verb tenses the like, or any other modification for forming complete set of characters. 处理器102也可以使用所接收到的输入来生成后缀，例如复数结尾或复数形式。 The processor 102 may also use the received input to generate a suffix, such as the end of the plural or plural form. 任何已知的预测技术或软件可以用于在块220在生成字符集合中处理所接收到的输入和上下文数据。 Any known prediction techniques or software may be used to process block 220 to generate the set of characters received input data and the context.
在一些示例实施例中，在块220所生成的字符集合可以开始于在块210作为输入而接收的相同字符。 In some example embodiments, at block 220 sets generated character may begin at block 210 the same characters received as input. 例如，如果已经使用虚拟键盘接收字符“pl”作为输入，则这些字符将由处理器接收作为输入。 For example, if you have to use the virtual keyboard to receive character "pl" as input, these characters as input received by a processor. 在这些实施例中，在块220所生成的字符集合将全部开始于“pl”，例如“please”或“plot”。 In these embodiments, at block 220 the entire character sets generated starts at "pl", e.g. "please" or "plot". 对于已生成字符集合的长度没有限制。 There is no limit to the length of the generated set of characters. 关于后缀，如果用户已经输入字符“child”，例如，则在块220所生成的后缀可以包括“-ren”，以构成字符集合“children”，或包括“_ish”，以构成字符集合“childish”。 About suffix, if the user has input the character "child", for example, generated at block 220 may include a suffix "-ren", to form a set of characters "children", or comprising "_ish", to form a set of characters "childish" .
在一些示例实施例中，在块220所生成的字符集合可以简单地包括与在块210作为输入而接收的相同字符。 In some example embodiments, at block 220 the generated character set may simply include the same characters in the block 210 is received as input. 例如，如果所接收到的输入是“X”，则处理器可以生成“example”或“xylophone”作为字符集合。 For example, if the input received is "X", then the processor may generate a "example" or "xylophone" as a set of characters. 可以使用上下文数据来生成这些字符集合。 Context data may be used to generate the set of characters.
在另一示例实施例中，如果尚未接收到输入或已经使用分隔符(例如〈SPACE〉)，则已生成字符集合可以放置在与已生成字符集合的首字母对应的后续候选输入字符上。 In another exemplary embodiment, if the input has not been received or has been used separator (e.g. <SPACE>), already generated set of characters may be placed in a subsequent candidate input character and the first letter of the generated set of characters corresponding to on.
接下来，在块230，可以对来自块220的已生成字符集合进行排序。 Next, at block 230, may be generated for a set of characters from block 220 to sort. 排序反映用户可能期望的候选字符集合或与另一候选字符集合相比用户可能选取的候选字符集合的可能性。 Sorting reflecting the user may desire to set or candidate character compared to the likelihood of a user may select a candidate set of characters with another set of candidate characters.
在一些实施例中，在块230，在排序中可以包括上下文数据。 In some embodiments, at block 230, the context data may include ordering. 在一些实施例中，电子设备可以被配置为基于先前所输入的字符集合，将名词或形容词排序得较高。 In some embodiments, the electronic device may be configured based on the previously entered character set, the noun or adjective sort higher. 如果所输入的字符集合建议名词或形容词，则在块230，处理器可以使用上下文数据来将与用户正键入的内容对应的名词或形容词排序得较高。 If the entered character set of recommendations noun or adjective, then at block 230, the processor may use the context data corresponding to the content type of the user is sorted noun or adjective higher. 在附加实施例中，也可以对包括形容词后缀(例如“-1sh”或“-ful”)、短语、复数或其组合的字符集合进行排序。 In additional embodiments, it may also comprise an adjective suffix (e.g. "-1sh" or "-ful"), a phrase, or a combination of a plurality of ordered set of characters. 上下文数据可以增加用户期望较高排序的已生成字符集合的可能性。 Context data may increase the likelihood that the user desires a higher ranked generated set of characters. 在一些实施例中，上下文数据可以包括关于用户当前正运行或使用哪些程序或应用的信息。 In some embodiments, the context data may include information about what the user is currently running program or application, or uses. 例如，如果用户正运行电子邮件应用，则与用户的电子邮件系统相关联的字符集合(例如来自用户的联系人列表的字符集合)可以用于确定排序。 For example, if the user is running an email application, it is associated with a character of the user's e-mail system collections (such as characters from the user's contact list collection) can be used to determine the sort. N元语法(包括一元语法、二元语法、三元语法等)也可以用在字符集合的排序中。 N-gram (including monohydric grammar, bigrams, trigrams, etc.) can also be used in the ordering of the set of characters. 或者，电子设备或用户的地理位置可以用在排序处理中。 Alternatively, the electronic device or a user's geographic location can be used in the ordering process. 如果例如电子设备识别出用户位于他/她的办公室，则通常与工作关联的字符集合可以在列表中被排序得较高。 If, for example electronic device recognizes the user is in his / her office, the work is usually associated set of characters may be ordered to be higher in the list. 另一方面，如果设备确定用户在海滩，则通常与海滩关联的字符集合可以在列表中被排序得较高。 On the other hand, if the device determines that the user at the beach, is usually associated with the character set of the beach you may be ordered to be high in the list.
在块240，处理器基于排序来确定显示哪些字符集合。 At block 240, based on a sorting processor which determines the display set of characters. 例如，较高排序的字符集合更有可能被确定应显示它们。 For example, the higher ranked sets of characters are more likely to be determined that they should be displayed. 排序器(例如排序算法、程序或固件)包括当处理器(例如主处理器102)执行时可以执行以对此确定排序的指令集。 Sequencer (e.g. sorting algorithm, or firmware) comprising when the processor (e.g., main processor 102) may be set to perform, when executed on this determining an ordering instructions. 在一些实施例中，排序器是驻留在电子设备100的存储器110中的程序146。 In some embodiments, the sequencer 110 is a program resident in the memory 100 of the electronic device 146.
在块250，所确定的字符集合显示在键盘上与预测为用户可能输入的词中的下一字符的后续候选输入字符相对应的位置处。 At a position At block 250, a collection of characters displayed on the determined subsequent candidate input character on the keyboard and the user may input the prediction of the word corresponding to the next character. 例如，如果用户输入“pl”，则词“please”将显示在字母“e”一一该词的后续候选输入字符一一的键上。 For example, if the user inputs "pl", the word "please" will be displayed on the letter "e" eleven subsequent candidate input character keys one by one word. 类似地，词“plus”也将显示在字母“u”一一另一后续候选输入字符一一的键上。 Similarly, the words "plus" will be displayed in the letter "u" on the other eleven subsequent candidate input character keys one by one. 后续候选输入字符可以是任何字母数字字符，例如字母、数字、符号、标点符号等。 Subsequent candidate input character may be any alphanumeric characters, such as letters, numbers, symbols, punctuation.
在一些实施例中，已生成字符集合显示在虚拟键盘上与后续候选输入字符关联的键处或附近。 In some embodiments, the generated set of characters displayed at or near the associated key on the virtual keyboard and the subsequent input character candidate. 其在键处或附近的放置方式可以取决于例如词的大小或附近后续候选输入字符的数目以及它们的关联字符集合的大小。 It may depend on the size of the number of words, for example, at or near the subsequent candidate input character, and the size thereof in the set of characters associated with placement at or near the key.
可以通过将会吸引用户注意力的方式来显示字符集合。 attract the user's attention by way will be displayed set of characters. 在一些实施例中，可以通过使得以所显示的字符外观字符集合对于用户更容易看见的方式来增强或改变其外观。 In some embodiments, the appearance of the character may be a character set displayed by the user so that, for more visible manner to enhance or change its appearance. 例如，可以通过背光、高亮、加下划线、加粗、斜体、使用其组合或通过用于使得所显示的字符集合更可见的任何其它方式来显示所显示的字符集合。 For example, by a backlight, highlight, underline, bold, italic, or by using combinations thereof for causing the displayed characters of any other way to display more visible displayed character set.
当在块240识别用于显示的字符集合时，处理器可以将所显示的字符集合限制为顶部少数几个、或在较高排序的字符集合当中进行选取。 When the character recognition at block 240 for display set, the processor may be displayed character set is limited to a few top, or select a character set among the higher ranked. 例如，如果两个字符集合都排序得较高，并且这些字符集合否则将显示在同一键处，则电子设备可以被配置为仅显示最高排序的已生成字符集合。 For example, if the two characters are set to be higher sort, and these are displayed in the set of characters or the same key, the electronic device may be configured to display only the highest ranked generated set of characters. 在其它实施例中，这两个字符集合可以显示在同一键处或其周围，或一个字符集合显不在一个键处，而另一字符集合显不在另一键处。 In other embodiments, the two sets of characters may be displayed at or around the same key, or a set of characters is not significant at a bond, and the other set of characters is not significant at another key. 在一些不例实施例中，处理器可以考虑显示器大小来限制已生成字符集合的数量。 In some embodiments, no embodiment, the processor may consider the size of the display to limit the number of the generated set of characters.
在一些实施例中，排序可以用于在当显示在邻近后续候选输入字符上时将(例如，因为它们各自的长度)彼此重叠的两个或更多个字符集合之间进行选取。 In some embodiments, sorting may be used when displaying on adjacent subsequent candidate input characters (e.g., as their respective lengths) overlap each other for selecting between two or more sets of characters. 在此情况下，电子设备可以被配置为在键盘上显示较高排序的字符集合。 In this case, the electronic device may be configured to display the higher ranked set of characters on the keyboard. 例如，如果在输入字母“E”之后字符集合“es tab I i shment”在块240所生成的列表中排序第一，贝Ij可以在“S”键处显示“establ ishment”。 For example, if the set of characters "es tab I i shment" after inputting the letter "E" first sort, Ij shell may display "establ ishment" in the "S" key at block 240 the list generated. 然而，当显示在虚拟键盘上时，其长度可能占据“A”键和“D”键上的一些空间，潜在地阻挡了将显示在这些键上或其附近的字符集合。 However, when displayed on the virtual keyboard, which may occupy the length "A" some space on the bond and "D", potentially blocking or set of characters is displayed in the vicinity of these keys. 在块240，可以确定将完全显示“establishment”，并且在第一排序的字符集合“establishment”之前，在“A”键或“D”键处将不会放置其它字符集合。 At block 240, the display may be determined completely "establishment", and before the first ordered set of characters "establishment", the "A" key or the "D" key will not be placed at the other set of characters. 仅显示最高排序的字符集合的可选方式将是使用字符集合的缩写词或所识别的缩短形式，有效地允许长字符集合与在虚拟键盘的邻近键上的其它字符集合同时地显示在单个键的边界内或几乎在其之内。 Alternative display only the highest ranked set of characters would be to use a set of characters recognized abbreviations or shortened form, effectively allowing a long set of characters with other characters on the virtual keyboard set of adjacent keys simultaneously displayed on a single key or almost within the boundaries within it.
图3-9示出根据在此公开的示例实施例的具有虚拟键盘320的触摸屏118的一系列示例前视图。 Figures 3-9 illustrate a series of exemplary front view of a touch screen having a virtual keyboard 320 according to an exemplary embodiment 118 disclosed herein. 开始于图3A，触摸屏118包括触摸有效的虚拟键盘320。 Begins 3A, the touch screen 118 includes a touch valid virtual keyboard 320. 虚拟键盘320的位置是可变的，从而虚拟键盘320可以放置在触摸屏118上的任何位置处。 Position of the virtual keyboard 320 is variable, so that the virtual keyboard 320 may be placed on the touch screen 118 at any location. 触摸屏118可以被配置为同时检测一个或多个对象的位置和可能的按压。 The touch screen 118 may be configured to simultaneously detect the position of one or more objects and possibly pressed. 触摸屏118包括两个区域:(I)输入字段330，其在用户已经输入字符之后显示这些字符；(2)虚拟键盘320，其从用户接收输入。 The touch screen 118 includes two areas: (I) input field 330, which displays the characters after the user has input the characters; (2) a virtual keyboard 320, which receives input from a user. 如贯穿本发明所描述的那样，虚拟键盘在该键盘上与可能接收为来自用户的输入的后续候选输入字符相对应的位置处显示字符集合。 As used throughout the present invention, as described, at the location of the virtual keyboard and received as input from a user of a subsequent candidate input character may display corresponding set of characters on the keyboard.
可以通过任何字符集合(例如词、短语、首字母缩写词、姓名、俚语、口语、缩写词或其任何组合)来实现图3-9所示的示例和实施例。 can be set by any characters (e.g. word, phrase, acronyms, names, slang, colloquial, abbreviations, or any combination thereof) to implement the example embodiment shown in FIGS. 3-9 and Examples.
如图3A所示，触摸屏118显示标准QWERTY虚拟键盘320;然而，可以显示任何传统键配置，以在设备中使用，例如AZERTY、QWERTZ、或具有键2上的“ABC”、键3上的“DEF”等的基于国际电信联盟(ITU)标准(ITU E.161)的布局。 As shown in FIG. 3A, the touch screen 118 displays a virtual QWERTY keyboard 320 standard; however, the key may be displayed in any conventional configuration, for use in the device, e.g. AZERTY, QWERTZ, or with "ABC" on the key 2, key 3 "DEF" and the like based on the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) standard (ITU E.161) layout. 虚拟键盘320包括空格键350以及可以提供不同输入(例如标点、字母、数字、回车或返回键以及功能键)的其它键。 Virtual keyboard 320 includes a space key 350 and other keys may provide different inputs (e.g. punctuation, letters, numbers, or carriage return key and function key). 虽然虚拟键盘320示出为具有正方形，但其可以具有任何其它形状(例如弧形)。 Although the virtual keyboard 320 is shown as having a square, but it may have any other shape (e.g. curved).
如图3A所示，触摸屏118显示输入字段330，其显示用户使用虚拟键盘320所输入的字符。 3A, the touch screen 118 displays an input field 330, which displays the character using the virtual keyboard, the user input 320. 输入字段330包括光标340，其可以是下划线(如所示)或任何其它形状(例如垂直线)。 Input field 330 includes a cursor 340, which may be underlined (as shown) or any other shape (e.g., vertical line). 光标340表示将插入下一输入字符、所选字符或所选字符集合的字符空间。 The cursor 340 indicates the next input character is inserted, the selected character or character space in the selected character set.
如图3B所示，当用户输入字符(在该示例中，“P”)时，该字符显示在输入字段330中，光标340移动到将插入下一输入字符或词的字符空间。 As shown in FIG 3B, when the user inputs a character (in this example, "P") when the character displayed in the input field 330, the cursor 340 moves to the next input character or word is inserted into the space characters. 在输入字符之后，如果输入多于一个的字符，则预测器(例如预测算法或电路)可以生成全开始于字符“P”的字符集合360(对于该实施例)。 After the input character, if the input more than one character, the predictors (e.g., predictive algorithm or circuit) may generate characters all starts at the character "P" is a collection of 360 (for this embodiment). 已生成字符集合显示在键盘上与可能接收为来自用户的输入的后续候选输入字符相对应的位置处。 Generated set of characters displayed at the position on the keyboard and may be received as an input from a user input subsequent candidate corresponding to the character. 如所述那样，已生成字符集合360可以显示在与后续候选输入字符对应的键处或其附近(例如在虚拟键盘320的各个A、E、H和O键之下)。 As described above, generated set of characters 360 may be displayed at or near the bond and subsequent candidate input character corresponding to (e.g., below A 320 of each of the virtual keyboard, E, H, and O bond). 实际上，稍微改变已生成字符集合的显示位置可以解决后续候选输入字符的过度拥挤，有效地允许显示更多的字符集合。 In fact, slightly changing the generated set of characters can be solved display position subsequent candidate input character overcrowding, effectively allowing display more set of characters.
在图3B所示的示例中，“P”接收为输入，预测器生成若干字符集合360，其显示在与每个已生成字符集合的后续候选输入字符相对应的键处。 In the example shown in FIG. 3B, "P" received as input, the predictor 360 generates a plurality of set of characters, which display key at each subsequent candidate input character generated set of characters corresponding. 如图3B所示，因为在“People”的“P”之后的下一字母是“E”，所以“People”放置在“E”键处；因为在“Paul”的“P”之后的下一字母是“A”，所以“Paul”将放置在“A”键处；因为在“Phone”的“P”之后的下一字母是“H”，所以“Phone”将放置在“H”键处;诸如此类。 3B, the next letter after as "People" in the "P" is "E", so the "People" placed in the "E" key at; because the next after "Paul" "P" of the is the letter "a", so "Paul" will be placed in the "a" key at; because after the next letter "Phone" in the "P" is "H", so the "Phone" will be placed in the "H" key at ; and so on. 应注意，字符集合中的任何字符可以大写或小写。 It should be noted that any character set of characters can be uppercase or lowercase.
在图3C所示的实施例中，“L”是触摸屏所接收到的下一输入，对于如输入字段330所示的处于第三字符位置中的光标340的当前位置，预测器确定在与后续候选输入字符对应的键处(例如在虚拟键盘320的各个A、E和U键之下)显示的若干已生成字符集合360。 In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3C, "L" is a touch-screen input received next, to the input field 330 as shown in the third character position of the current position of the cursor 340, determines the prediction a plurality of character keys generated at subsequent candidate input character corresponding to (e.g. at a 320 of each of the virtual keyboard, and E U under key) to display a set of 360. 在另一实施例中，已生成字符集合360可以呈现为包括后续候选输入字符。 In another embodiment, the generated set of characters 360 may be presented as comprising subsequent candidate input character. 例如，可以显示字符集合“Please”，从而字符“P1”显示在“E”键上的“E”字符之前，字符“ase”可以放置在“E”键上的“E”字符之后。 For example, display the set of characters "Please", so that the characters "P1" on the display before the "E" key "E" of the character, the character "ase" may be placed after the "E" "E" on the key characters. 此外，在该实施例或其它实施例中，可以通过不同于“P1”和“ase”的方式来呈现所显示的“E”，由此在使得其容易可见的同时使得用户能够仍然将其识别为“E”键，从而用户可以输入已生成字符集合“Please”或输入字符“E”。 Further, in this embodiment or other embodiments, may be presented "E" is displayed by means other than "P1" and "ase" manner, whereby at the same time so that it is readily visible so that the user can still recognize it for the "E" key, so that the user can enter a generated set of characters "Please" or input character "E". “E”可以大写或小写。 "E" can be uppercase or lowercase. 在其它实施例中，可以在键处显示后缀。 In other embodiments, the suffix may be displayed at a key. 使用以上字符集合“Please”的示例，“ase”可以显示在“E”键处，从而将出现字符集合片段“-ease”或“-Ease”。 Using the above exemplary set of characters "Please" the, "ase" may be displayed in the "E" key, the set of characters so as to appear fragment "-ease" or "-Ease".
如果用户输入已生成字符集合，则该字符集合放置在输入字段330中。 If the user inputs generated set of characters, the set of characters in the input field 330 is placed. 图3D可见该情况，其中，用户已经输入已生成字符集合“Please”，导致其在输入字段中的放置。 The case seen in FIG. 3D, where the user input has been generated set of characters "Please", which lead placed in the input field. 如果用户想要输入新的字符集合，则在字符集合之后插入空格。 If the user wants to enter a new set of characters, then insert a space after the character sets. 用户可以通过各种方式来输入已生成字符集合，包括通过与输入字符键的方式不同的方式。 The user can input a variety of ways generated set of characters, including input through character keys of different ways. 例如，为了输入已生成字符集合，用户可以使用手指或手写笔来滑动已生成字符集合。 For example, to generate a set of characters has been input, the user may slide generated set of characters using a finger or stylus. 如在此使用的那样，滑动包括滑动字符集合自身或在字符集合附近进行滑动或触摸。 As used herein, the slide comprises a sliding set of characters itself or in the vicinity of the touch or slide set of characters. 对于后一实施例，设备可以检测字符集合附近的滑动或触摸，无论其为已生成字符集合还是预测字符集合(以下将要描述)，通过使用预测器，确定用户期望输入的字符集合。 For the latter embodiment, the device may detect a set of characters or close the sliding touch, whether a character set is generated or predicted set of characters (to be described below), by using the prediction unit, determines that the user input the desired set of characters. 在另一实施例中，用户可以按下键达到预定时间段(例如长按)。 In another embodiment, the user may press the key for a predetermined time period (e.g., long press). 该键可以是例如与字符集合中的后续候选输入字符对应的键。 The bonds can be, for example, the set of characters corresponding to subsequent candidate input character key. 因此，如果期望输入字符集合“Please”而不是“E”，则电子设备100可以被配置为要求按下“E”键达到预定时间段以触发“Please”的输入。 Thus, if the desired input set of characters "Please" instead of "E", the electronic device 100 may be configured to require pressing the "E" key to reach a predetermined period of time to trigger "Please" input.
在已经确定已生成字符集合360之后，如图3D所示，可以显示预测字符集合380，在此示出在空格键350处。 After the generated set of characters has been determined 360, as shown in FIG. 3D, the predicted set of characters may be displayed 380, shown here in the space key 350. 预测字符集合380可以不同于已生成字符集合360 (如图3A-3C所示)，并且是系统对于预测用户可能预期的下一字符集合的尝试。 380 may be different from the prediction set of characters generated set of characters 360 (shown in FIG. 3A-3C), and the system is to try to predict the user may set the expected next character. 预测器用于确定预测字符集合380。 A predictor for determining a predicted set of characters 380. 至于所显示的已生成字符集合360，可以通过任何多种方式将预测字符集合380接收为输入，包括以手指或手写笔接收预测字符集合的滑动，或在预定时间段内接收键(例如空格键或另一指定键)的按压(长按)。 As has been shown to generate a set of 360 characters, can be predicted by any number of ways set of characters received as input 380, comprises a sliding finger or stylus receives the predicted set of characters, or a predetermined period of receiving a key (e.g. spacebar or another designated key) is pressed (long press).
在图4A中，电子设备100从虚拟键盘320接收“C”作为输入。 In FIG. 4A, the electronic device 100 received from the virtual keyboard 320 "C" as an input. 此外，预测器部分地基于所接收到的输入来确定已生成字符集合460。 Moreover, the predictor part on the received input to determine the generated set of characters 460. 在图4B中，电子设备100从虚拟键盘接收“O”作为输入，并且在输入字段330中输出“O”。 In Figure 4B, the electronic device 100 and outputs "O" in the input field 330 of the received virtual keyboard "O" as the input. 如图4A所示，在接收到“C”字符输入之后，在“O”键处显示字符集合“count”。 4A, after receiving the "C" character input, display the set of characters "count" in the "O" key at. 由于以仅输入“O”字符的方式按压“O”键，因此如图4B所示，“O”显示为当前所输入的字符集合的第二字符，用户不输入字符集合“count”。 Since only enter "O" character mode pressing "O" key, and therefore FIG. 4B, "O" shows a second set of characters as a character is currently input, the user does not enter a set of characters "count". 可选地，如果用户想要输入已生成字符集合“count”，则用户可以通过与输入“O”键的方式不同的方式(例如通过滑动字符集合“count”或与键入相反，通过在“O”键上长按)在图4A中输入“O”键。 Alternatively, if the user wants to input the generated set of characters "count", the user may input via the "O" key different manner (e.g., a set of "count", or characters typed by sliding the contrary, by "O "long press on the key) to enter in FIG. 4A" O "key. 返回图4B，在输入“O”之后，已生成字符集合460显示在与后续候选输入字符对应的键处，如图4B所示。 Returning to Figure 4B, after inputting "O", generated set of characters displayed on the key 460 at a subsequent corresponding candidate input character, shown in Figure 4B.
图5示出显示随后为空格的字符集合“contact”的输入字段330。 FIG. 5 shows a display set subsequent "contact" in the input character field 330 spaces. 在此情况下，用户在“N”键处输入如图4B所示的已生成字符集合“contact” 460。 In this case, the user inputs generated set of characters as shown in "contact" 460 shown in Figure 4B in the "N" key at. 返回参照图5，在输入字段中，在所生成的词之后自动插入〈SPACE〉字符。 Referring back to FIG. 5, in the input field, automatically insert <SPACE> character after the word generated. 所预测的词“me”580现在显示在空格键350上。 He predicted the word "me" 580 is now displayed on the space key 350.
如果接收所预测的词“me”580作为输入，则词“me”580然后显示在后随如图6A所示的空格的输入字段3 3 O中，然后示出在空格键3 5 O上所显示的所预测的词6 8 O“immediately”。 If the predicted received word "me" 580 as an input, the word "me" 580 is displayed in the input field and trailing spaces shown in FIG. 6A 3 3 O and then shown in the spacebar 35 the predicted word displayed on the O 6 8 O "immediately". 在完成的词和空格已经显示在输入字段330中之后，呈现所预测的词。 Upon completion of words and spaces have been displayed after the input field 330, showing the predicted word.
图6B示出在用户已经按下“T”键之后触摸屏118已经接收“T”字符作为输入的示例。 Figure 6B shows the user has pressed the "T" after the key has been received, the touch screen 118 "T" of the input character as an example. 在此情况下，触摸屏118在输入字段330中显示“t”。 In this case, the touchscreen display 118 in the input "t" in the field 330. 已生成字符集合660 (例如“Tuesday”、“today”和“Thursday”)显示在后续候选输入字符的键处。 Generated set of characters 660 (e.g., "Tuesday", "today" and "Thursday") key displayed at subsequent candidate input character. 图6C示出在用户按下“O”键而不是如图6B所示输入已生成字符集合660“today”之后电子设备100已经接收V'字符作为输入的示例。 Figure 6C shows the example after the user presses the "O" key instead of the input shown in FIG generated set of characters 660 "today" 6B electronic device 100 has received V 'character as input. 因此，“ο”现在显示在输入字段330中。 Thus, "ο" is now displayed in the input field 330.
图8A示出在用户按下“D”键之后触摸屏118已经接收“d”字符作为输入的示例。 FIG. 8A shows the touch screen 118 has received the "d" as an example of the character input after the user presses the "D" key. 在此情况下，触摸屏118在输入字段330中显示“d”，并且在与后续候选输入字符对应的键上显示已生成字符集合“discuss”、“divide”和“dinner”860。 In this case, the touchscreen display 118 in the input "d" field 330, and displays the generated set of characters "discuss", "divide" and "dinner" 860 on a subsequent candidate input character corresponding to the key. 在该示例实施例中，虽然字符“I”从不被接收作为输入，但电子设备100确定已生成字符集合“discuss”、“divide”和“dinner”860是要显示在触摸屏上的字符集合。 In this exemplary embodiment, although the character "I" is never received as input, but 100 determines the electronic device generated set of characters "discuss", "divide" and "dinner" 860 to the characters displayed on the touch screen set. 在该实施例中，因为这些字符集合中的每一个均具有“i”作为第二字母，所以触摸屏Il8使用字符集合中的另一后续字母(例如在“S”键之下的“discuss”、在“V”键之下的“divide”以及在“N”键之下的“dinner”)来显示已生成字符集合。 In this embodiment, because the set of characters each having "i" as the second letter, the touch screen Il8 use another subsequent letters (e.g., under the "S" key "discuss" set of characters, in the "V" "divide" and under the key under the "N" key "dinner") to display the generated set of characters. 在其它实施例中，已生成字符集合“discuss”、“divide”和“dinner” 860可以显示在“I”键处或其附近。 In other embodiments, the generated set of characters "discuss", "divide" and "dinner" 860 may be displayed at or near the key "I".
触摸屏118也可以在消息的键入期间的任何时间接收标点作为输入。 The touch screen 118 may also receive as input punctuation at any time during the message type. 如果用户决定在输入已生成字符集合或预测字符集合之后使用标点，则删除〈SPACE〉字符(例如，在图9的光标之前的〈SPACE〉字符)，并且插入所输入的标点。 If the user decides to use punctuation characters in the input generated prediction set or set of characters, then delete the <SPACE> characters (e.g. before the cursor FIG. 9 <SPACE> characters), and inserting punctuation input.
图1OA和图1OB示出根据在此公开的实施例的触摸屏的示例前视图。 FIGS 1OA and 1OB illustrate an example touch screen according to the previous embodiments disclosed herein. FIG. 图1OA示出触摸屏118在文本条1030中显示“The co”并且若干已生成字符集合1060显示在后续候选输入字符处的示例。 FIG 1OA illustrates a touch screen 118 displays "The co" 1060 and a number of characters generated in the subsequent display example of the candidate set of input characters in a text bar 1030. 在该示例中，触摸屏118在“T”键之下显示已生成字符集合“cottage” 1060，在“O”键之下显示已生成字符集合“cook” 1060，在“A”键之下显示已生成字符集合“coat”1060，在“F”键之下显示已生成字符集合“coffee” 1060。 In this example, the touch screen 118 under the "T" button to display the generated set of characters "cottage" 1060, under the "O" key displays generated set of characters "cook" 1060, displays under the "A" key generating a set of characters "coat" 1060, under the "F" key displays generated set of characters "coffee" 1060.
图10B示出在用户已经选择已生成字符集合1060 “cook”之后触摸屏118接收字符集合“cook”作为输入的示例。 FIG 10B shows after the user has selected the generated set of characters 1060 "cook" the touch screen 118 receives the set of characters "cook" as an example input. 字符集合“cook”连同〈SPACE〉字符一起插入到输入字段1030中。 Set of characters "cook" together <SPACE> characters into the input field 1030 together. 在该示例中，字符集合包括新的预测字符集合(例如词1090、后缀1092 (例如在“E”键之下的“_ed”和在“I”键之下的“_ing”)以及复数1094 (例如在“S”键之下的“_s”))，其全部显示在后续候选输入字符处。 In this example, a new set of characters comprising a prediction set of characters (e.g. word 1090, 1092 suffix (e.g., under the "E" key "_ed" and under "I" key "_ing") 1094 and a plurality of ( For example under the "S" key "_s")), which displays input characters in all subsequent candidate. 每个所预测的词1090、后缀1092或复数1094位于匹配所预测的词1090、后缀1092或复数1094的首字母的各个后续候选输入字符上。 Each of the predicted words 1090, 1092, or a plurality of suffix word 1094 is located on each subsequent candidate input character initials 1090, 1092 or a plurality of suffix matching the predicted 1094. 现在，用户具有所加入的输入预测字符集合1090、1092和1094的选项。 Now, users have the added character input prediction options 1090,1092 and 1094 collections. 通过与上述相同的方式来进行输入。 By the same manner as described above for input. 在一些实施例中，当触摸屏118接收后缀1092或复数1094作为输入时，删除光标1040与“cook”之间的〈SPACE〉字符，并且将对应输入后缀或复数加入到“cook”的末尾。 In some embodiments, when the touch screen 118 receives a plurality of extension 1092 or 1094 as input, and to delete the cursor 1040 <SPACE> between the characters "cook", and a corresponding plurality of input or suffix added to the end of "cook" is.
图1lA示出触摸屏118在文本条1130中显示“Did she co”并且若干已生成字符集合1160显示在后续候选输入字符处的示例。 FIG. 1lA illustrates the touch screen 118 displays "Did she co" 1160 and a number of characters generated in the subsequent display example of the candidate set of input characters in a text bar 1130. 在该示例中，触摸屏118在“R”键之下显示已生成字符集合“correct”1160，在“P”键之下显示已生成字符集合“copy”1160，在“N”键之下显示已生成字符集合“COntact”1160。 In this example, the touch screen 118 under the "R" key displays generated set of characters "correct" 1160, under the "P" key displays generated set of characters "copy" 1160, displays under the "N" key generated set of characters "COntact" 1160. 虽然在图10A和图1lA的文本条中提供“⑶”，但触摸屏在已生成字符集合的各个文本条1030和1130中基于字符的上下文而显示不同的已生成字符集合。 While providing "⑶" in the text of FIGS. 10A and FIG. 1lA, the individual text but a touch-screen in the generated set of characters 1030 and 1130 based on the context of a different character displayed generated set of characters. 例如，在图10A中，字符“co”跟随“The”，这说明后面应是以“co”开始的名词。 For example, in FIG. 10A, the characters "co" follow "The", indicating that the back should be based on "co" term began. 在图1lA中，字符“CO”跟随代词，这说明后面应是以“CO”开始的动词。 In FIG. 1lA, the character "CO" Pronoun follow, which should be described later is "CO" verb begins. 如上所述，上下文数据可以用于基于例如文本条中的字符集合或用户进行的先前动作来确定特定字符集合何时是更适合的。 As described above, the context data may be used, for example, based on a set of characters in the text of the user's previous actions, or to determine when a particular set of characters is more suitable.
图1lB示出在用户已经选择已生成字符集合1160“COrreCt”之后触摸屏118接收字符集合“correct”作为输入的示例。 FIG 1lB shown after the user has selected the generated set of characters 1160 "COrreCt" touch screen 118 receives the set of characters "correct" input as an example. 在该示例中，字符集合“correct”插入在输入字段1130中，并且〈SPACE〉字符也被插入。 In this example, the set of characters "correct" inserted in the input field 1130, and the <SPACE> characters are also inserted. 预测字符集合(例如词1190和后缀1192)现在显示在后续候选输入字符处。 Predicted set of characters (e.g. word suffixes 1190 and 1192) is now displayed in the subsequent candidate input characters. 在该示例中，虽然后缀“_ing”和“_ily”都对应于“I”键，但触摸屏118以“I”键来显示“_ing”，并且以“L”键来显示“_ily”。 In this example, although the suffix "_ing" and "_ily" corresponds to "I" key, but the touch screen 118 to "I" key to display the "_ing", and to "L" key to display the "_ily". 如上所述，可以基于排序、上下文数据或二者的组合而将所预测的后缀分配给特定键。 As described above, it may be based on sorting, or combinations of both contextual data and the predicted allocated to a specific key suffix. 在该实施例中，“_ing”后缀可能具有比“_ily”后缀更高的排序，因此分配给“I”键。 In this embodiment, "_ ing" suffix may have a ratio "_ily" higher suffix sorting, thus allocated to "I" key. 相应地，基于对应“L”字符在“_i ly”后缀中而将“_i ly”后缀分配给“L”键。 Accordingly, based on the corresponding "L" character "_i ly" and assigned suffix "_i ly" suffix to "L" key.
图12A示出触摸屏118在文本条1230中显示“The ch”并且若干已生成字符集合1260显示在后续候选输入字符处的示例。 FIG. 12A shows a touch screen 118 displays "The ch" and a number of exemplary display 1260 characters generated in subsequent candidate set of input characters in a text bar 1230. 在该示例中，已生成字符集合1260包括“child”和“chimp” ο在该实施例中，虽然“chi Id”和“chimp”中的第三字母是相同的，但触摸屏在“I”键之下显示“chiId”，在“C”键之下显示“chimp”。 In this example, the generated set of characters 1260 includes a "child" and "chimp" ο In this embodiment, although the third letter "chi Id" and "chimp" is the same, but the touch screen in the "I" key under the display "chiId", displays "chimp" under the "C" key. 可以基于(如上所述的)排序来确定哪些已生成字符集合在哪个候选输入键之下。 Ordering may be based on (as described above) to determine which set of characters generated under which candidate input keys. 如该实施例所示，即使键可能不与文本条1230中的字符的任何后续字符关联，触摸屏118也可以在该键上显示已生成字符集合(在此情况下，“chimp”) 。 As shown in this embodiment, even if the key may not, touch screen display 118 may also be associated with any subsequent characters in the text of the article 1230 characters on the key generated set of characters (in this case, "chimp").
图12B示出在用户已经选择已生成字符集合1260 “child”之后触摸屏118接收字符集合“chiId”作为输入的示例。 FIG 12B shows after the user has selected the generated set of characters 1260 "child" touch screen 118 receives the set of characters "chiId" as an example input. 在输入字段1230中插入字符集合“chiId”，在该示例中，不插入〈SPACE〉字符。 Insert set of characters "chiId" in the input field 1230, in this example, no insert <SPACE> character. 预测字符集合(例如词1290和后缀1292)现在显示在后续候选输入字符处。 Predicted set of characters (e.g. word suffixes 1290 and 1292) is now displayed in the subsequent candidate input characters. 在该示例中，虽然后缀“_ish”和“_ily”都对应于“I”键，但触摸屏118以“I”键来显示ish”，并且以“L”键来显示“_ily”。如上所述，可以基于排序、传统数据或二者的组合而将所预测的后缀分配给特定键。在该实施例中，“_ish”后缀可能具有比“_ily”后缀更高的排序，因此分配给“I”键。相应地，基于对应“L”字符在后缀中而将后缀分配给“L”键。 In this example, although the suffix "_ish" and "_ily" corresponds to "I" key, but the touch screen 118 to "I" key to display ish ", and to" L "key to display the" _ily ". As described above , it may be based on sorting, or combinations of both traditional data and the predicted suffix assigned to a specific key. in this embodiment, "_ ish" suffix may have a ratio "_ily" higher suffix sorting, thus allocated to "I "key. accordingly, based on the corresponding" L "suffix characters to be assigned a suffix" L "key.
图13A示出触摸屏118在文本条1330中显示“The texture and”并且若干预测字符集合(例如词1390)显示在后续候选输入字符处的示例。 FIG. 13A shows "The texture and" set of characters and a plurality of prediction (e.g. word 1390) displayed in the text of the example touch screen 1330 at 118 at the subsequent candidate input character. 图13B示出在用户已经选择预测字符集合“taste”之后触摸屏118接收字符集合“taste”作为输入的示例。 FIG 13B shows an example after the user has selected prediction set of characters "taste" touch screen 118 receives the set of characters "taste" as an input. 在该示例中，在“taste”之后插入〈SPACE〉字符。 In this example, after the "taste" Insert <SPACE> character. 因此，预测字符集合(例如词1390和后缀1392)显示在后续候选输入字符处。 Thus, a predicted set of characters (e.g. word 1390 and suffix 1392) are shown in a subsequent candidate input character.
图14A示出触摸屏118在文本条1430中显示“The hospital staffc”并且若干已生成字符集合1460显示在后续候选输入字符处的示例。 FIG. 14A shows a touch screen 118 displays "The hospital staffc" 1460 and a number of characters generated in the subsequent display example of the candidate set of input characters in a text bar 1430. 图14B示出在用户已经选取已生成字符集合“care”之后触摸屏118接收字符集合“care”作为输入的示例。 14B shows the user has selected the generated set of characters after the "care" touch screen 118 receives the set of characters "care" as an example input. 已生成字符集合“care”现在连同〈SPACE〉一起放置在输入字段1430中，预测字符集合(例如词1490和后缀1492)显示在后续候选输入字符处。 Generated set of characters "care" Now, along with <SPACE> placed together in the input field 1430, the predicted set of characters (e.g. word suffixes 1490 and 1492) displayed in the subsequent candidate input characters. 图14C示出在用户已经选取所预测的后缀“-ful”之后触摸屏118接收后缀“_ful”作为输入(由此将字符集合“care”修改为“careful”)的示例。 14C illustrates, after the user has selected the predicted suffix "-ful" touch screen 118 receives the suffix "_ful" (whereby the character set "care" modify "careful") as an example of the input. 因此，字符集合“careful”现在插入输入字段1430中。 Therefore, the set of characters "careful" in 1430 and now into the input field. 注意，在一些实施例中，输入词或后缀可以修改所输入的词或词片段。 Note that, in some embodiments, the input words may be modified or suffix word or word fragment entered. 例如，如果用户输入“spicy”，并且“ness”是所预测的后缀并且被输入，则“spicy”将改变为“spiciness”，去掉“y”并且添加“iness”。 For example, if the user inputs "spicy", and "ness" is predicted and the suffix is input, "spicy" will change to "spiciness", remove the "y" and adding "iness". 在其它实施例中，“happy” 可以改变为“happiness”，或“conceive” 可以改变为“conceivable”。 In other embodiments, "happy" may be changed to "happiness", or "conceive" may be changed to "conceivable".
图15示出歧义键盘1520的示例，其可以具有分配给一个键的多个字符(例如，比如电话小键盘，其中，“A”、“B”和“C”分配给键2; “D”、“E”和“F”分配给键3，诸如此类)。 FIG. 15 shows an example of ambiguous keyboard 1520, which may have a plurality of characters assigned to a key (e.g., such as a telephone keypad, wherein, "A", "B" and "C" are assigned to key 2; "D", "E" and "F" is assigned to key 3, and so on). 例如，字符“Q”和“W”可以分配给一个键，字符“E”和“R”分配给另一键。 For example, the characters "Q" and "W" can be assigned to a key character "E" and "R" is assigned to another button. 在该示例中，用户已经通过按下随后为“L”键的“op”键而输入字符“01”。 In this example, the user has followed the "L" key "OP" key to input the characters "01" by pressing. 使用预测器，已生成字符集合1560显示在后续候选输入字符处。 Use predictor 1560 generated set of characters displayed on a subsequent candidate input character. 由于首先按下的键可能输入“O”或“P”，并且其次按下的键输入“L”，因此已生成字符集合1560将以“0L”或“PL”开始，例如图15中的已生成字符集合1560所示。 Since the first input key may be pressed "O" or "P", and secondly pressed key input "L", so 1560 will be generated set of characters "0L" or "PL" starts, for example, FIG. 15 has been 1560 generated set of characters shown in FIG.
图16示出歧义键盘1620的另一示例。 FIG. 16 shows another example of ambiguous keyboard 1620. 在该示例中，已生成字符集合“plum”和“olive” 1660显示在“ui”键附近。 In this example, the generated set of characters "plum" and "olive" 1660 is displayed near "ui" key. 字符集合也可以已经显示在“ui”键处或其附近。 Set of characters may have been displayed in the "ui" at or near the key. 在此，两个字符集合都对应于与键对应的特定输入，即Plum的第三字母是“u'olive的第三字母是“i”。触摸屏118 (经由主处理器102)可以基于用户的动作而在任一字符集合之间进行区分。例如，用户可以在“ui”键的右边或其附近滑动以输入“olive”，或在“ui”键的左边或其附近滑动以输入“plum”。 Here, two sets of characters corresponding to the keys correspond to a particular input, i.e., the third letter is Plum "u'olive third letter is" i ". The touch screen 118 (via the host processor 102) may be based on the user's in any action to distinguish between a set of characters. for example, a user may slide to enter the "olive" in or near the right side of "ui" key or the left in or near the "ui" key to enter slide "plum".
可以通过任何字符集合(例如词、短语、首字母缩写词、姓名、俚语、口语、缩写词或其任何组合)来实现图17、图18和图19所示的示例和实施例。 can be set by any characters (e.g. word, phrase, acronyms, names, slang, colloquial, abbreviations, or any combination thereof) to achieve 17, example shown in FIG. 18 and 19 and Examples.
图17以流程图形式示出根据一些实施例的方法1700。 FIG. 17 illustrates a method according to some embodiments of 1700 in flowchart form. 方法1700可以通过处理器(例如主处理器102)而得以实现，并且存储在有形计算机可读介质(例如硬驱、CD、DVD、闪存等)上。 The method 1700 may be implemented by a processor (e.g., main processor 102), and a storage readable medium (e.g., hard drive, CD, DVD, flash memory, etc.) on a tangible computer. 在块1710，处理器接收字符输入。 At block 1710, the processor receives a character input. 在块1720，处理器在触摸屏上的后续候选输入字符的键处或其附近显示已生成字符集合，如上所述。 At block 1720, at or near the key processor subsequent candidate input character on the touch screen display generated set of characters, as described above.
在块1730，处理器接收用户所选取的已生成字符集合的输入。 At block 1730, the processor receives the user inputs the selected character set has been generated. 如果用户并未选取在后续候选输入字符的键处或其附近的已生成字符集合，则所述方法重新开始于块1710，其中，触摸屏可以接收另一字符输入。 If the user does not select the key has been generated at or near the character set of the subsequent candidate input character, the method restarts at block 1710, wherein the touch screen may receive another input character. 如果接收已生成字符集合作为输入，则在块1740，将已生成字符集合和〈SPACE〉字符插入输入字段(例如图3-图9的输入字段330)中。 If the generated set of characters received as input, at block 1740, the generated set of characters and a <SPACE> character inserted into the input field (e.g., FIG. 3 to FIG. 9, the input field 330). 如上所述，用户可以例如通过在已生成字符集合处或其附近滑动或通过长按与后续候选输入字符对应的键来选取已生成字符集合。 As described above, the user can, for example by pressing and sliding or subsequent candidate input character keys to select the corresponding generated set of characters generated by or near the set of characters.
继续在块1750处，如果处理器检测到不要插入标点，则所述方法重新开始于块1710。 continues at block 1750, if the processor detected not to insert punctuation, the method restarts at block 1710. 如果要插入标点，则所述方法继续到块1760，其中，删除〈SPACE〉字符并且适当的标点加入到输入字段。 To insert punctuation, then the method continues to block 1760, where, delete <SPACE> and the appropriate punctuation character is added to the input field. 在块1760之后，所述方法在块1710重又开始。 Following block 1760, at block 1710 the method begins again.
图18是示出根据一些实施例的示例方法1800的流程图。 FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating a method 1800 in accordance with some exemplary embodiments of a flow chart. 方法1800可以通过处理器(例如主处理器102)而得以实现，并且存储在有形计算机可读介质(例如硬驱、CD、DVD、闪存等)上。 The method 1800 may be implemented by a processor (e.g., main processor 102), and a storage readable medium (e.g., hard drive, CD, DVD, flash memory, etc.) on a tangible computer. 在块1810，处理器接收字符输入。 At block 1810, the processor receives a character input.
在块1820，处理器在键盘上与触摸屏上的后续候选输入字符相对应的位置处或附近显示已生成字符集合。 At block 1820, the processor on the keyboard, or nearby subsequent candidate input character on the touch screen display at a position corresponding to the generated set of characters. 在块1830，处理器接收用户所选取的已生成字符集合的输入。 At block 1830, the processor receives the user inputs the selected character set has been generated. 如果用户并未选取在后续候选输入字符的键处或附近的已生成字符集合，则所述方法重新开始于块1810，其中，处理器可以接收另一字符的输入。 If the user does not select the key generated at or near the character set of the subsequent candidate input character, the method restarts at block 1810, where the processor can receive input of another character. 如果接收已生成字符集合作为输入，则在块1840，已生成字符集合和〈SPACE〉字符插入输入字段(例如图3-9的输入字段330)中。 If the generated set of characters received as input, at block 1840, it generated set of characters and a <SPACE> character into the input field (e.g., the input field 330 of FIG. 3-9). 如上所述，用户可以例如通过在已生成字符集合处或其附近滑动或通过按下与后续候选输入字符对应的键达到预定时间段来选取已生成字符集合。 As described above, the user can, for example, generated by a set of characters or near the sliding or by pressing and subsequent candidate character corresponding to the input key to select the predetermined period of time generated set of characters.
在块1850，在块1830中输入已生成字符集合之后，与已生成字符集合不同的预测字符集合显示在键盘的空格键上。 After At block 1850, block 1830 inputs the generated set of characters, the generated set of characters of different prediction set of characters displayed on the keyboard spacebar. 通过使用预测器来确定块1850中所显示的预测字符集合。 Block 1850 is determined by using the prediction shown prediction set of characters. 在一些实施例中，一个或多个预测字符集合可以放置在除了空格键之外的一个或多个键上。 In some embodiments, one or more predicted set of characters may be placed on the addition of one or more of the spacebar key.
在块1860，处理器可以基于用户输入来确定是否已经接收预测字符集合的输入。 At block 1860, the processor may be based on user input determines whether the input received prediction set of characters. 如果因为用户尚未选取预测字符集合所以触摸屏尚未接收到预测字符集合的输入，则所述方法在块1810重新开始。 If the user has not selected because the predicted set of characters so that the touch screen has not been received prediction set of characters is input, the method restarts at block 1810. 如果处理器已经接收到预测字符集合的输入，则所述方法继续到块1870，其中，预测字符集合和〈SPACE〉字符插入在输入字段中。 If the processor has received an input to the prediction set of characters, the method proceeds to block 1870, wherein the prediction set of characters and <SPACE> characters are inserted in the input field. 自此，方法1800可以返回到块1810或块1850。 Since then, the method 1800 may return to block 1810 or block 1850.
即使方法1800不显示方法1700所示的标点说明，如块1750和1760所示的标点说明也可以类似地应用于方法1800。 By the method 1800 illustrated in method 1700 described punctuation is not displayed, as shown in blocks 1750 and 1760 of punctuation description can be similarly applied to the method 1800.
图19是示出根据一些实施例的示例方法1900的流程图。 FIG. 19 is a flowchart illustrating an example method 1900 in accordance with some embodiments. 在框1910，预测字符集合显示在对应后续候选输入字符处。 In block 1910, the predicted set of characters corresponding to subsequent candidate in the displayed input characters. 在这些实施例中，尚未接收到输入，或尚未激活分隔符(例如输入〈SPACE〉)。 In these embodiments, an input has not been received, or not yet been activated separator (e.g. input <SPACE>). 在此，一个或多个预测字符集合(例如词、后缀或其组合)放置在与已生成字符集合的首字母对应的后续候选输入字符上。 Here, one or more predicted set of characters (e.g. word, a suffix, or a combination thereof) is placed on a subsequent candidate input character and the first letter of the generated set of characters corresponding to. 移动到框1920，基于用户的选择来确定触摸屏是否接收到字符集合(例如词或后缀)的输入。 Moving to block 1920, based on a user selection of the touch screen to determine whether a set of characters (e.g. word or suffix) input. 如果接收到输入，则所述方法移动到块1930，其中，预测字符集合和〈SPACE〉字符插入输入字段中。 If an input is received, the method moves to block 1930, wherein the prediction set of characters and <SPACE> characters into the input field. 然后，所述方法在块1910重又开始。 Then, the process began in 1910 weight. 如果触摸屏未接收到字符集合的输入，则触摸屏可用于接收字符(如图17的块1710或图18的块1810所描述的那样)，并且继续方法(例如图17的方法1700或图18的方法1800甚至图19的方法1900)。 If the touch screen is not receiving an input set of characters, the touch screen may be used to receive character (block 17 block 1710 or 18 as shown in 1810 described), and continues (process 1700 or 18, for example, the method of FIG. 17 the method of FIG. 19, 1800 or even 1900).
图20示出具有输入字段2030的虚拟键盘2020的另一示例。 FIG. 20 shows another example of a virtual keyboard having an input field 2030 of 2020. 字符集合“Please con”由触摸屏接收为输入，并且随后有光标2040而显示在输入字段2030中，光标2040可以是垂直线(如所示那样)或任何其它形状(例如上述下划线)。 Set of characters "Please con" received as input by a touch screen, and then the cursor 2040 is displayed in the input field 2030, the cursor 2040 may be a vertical line (as shown) or any other shape (e.g., underlined above). 对于当前词内的光标2040的当前位置(其处于当前词的第四字符位置中，如输入字段2030所示)，预测器部分地基于所接收到的输入来确定一个或多个已生成字符集合2060。 2040 for the current position of the cursor in the current word (which is the fourth character position in the current word, as shown in the input field 2030), the prediction is based in part on the received input to determine one or more sets of characters generated 2060. 当前词是光标当前所位于的词。 The current word is the word the cursor is currently located. 在所示示例中，显不已生成字符集合2060“cones”、“contact”、“construct1n”和“connect”。 In the illustrated example, substantially endless generated set of characters 2060 "cones", "contact", "construct1n" and "connect". 对于如输入字段2030所示的在第三字符位置中的光标2040的当前位置，每个已生成字符集合2060显示在与后续候选输入字符对应的键处(例如，分别在虚拟键盘2020的E、T、S和N键之下)。 The input fields for the current position of the cursor 2040 in the third character position 2030 shown, each generated set of characters displayed on the key 2060 and the subsequent candidate input character corresponding to (e.g., E respectively in the virtual keyboard 2020, T, S, and N below the key).
在所示示例中，已生成字符集合显示在与后续候选输入字符关联的虚拟键盘2020的键处或其附近。 In the example shown, the generated set of characters displayed at or near the bond subsequent candidate input character associated with the virtual keyboard 2020. 在与后续候选输入字符对应的键处或其附近显示已生成字符集合2060取决于例如已生成字符集合2060的大小以及与其它后续候选输入字符的附近键相关联的已生成字符集合的大小。 Displayed at or near the bond and subsequent candidate input character corresponding to 2060 depending on the generated set of characters generated set of characters, for example, the size and the size of the 2060 keys associated with other nearby subsequent candidate input character associated with the generated set of characters. 当与虚拟键盘2020中的同一行键中的附近键相关联的已生成字符集合太大而无法在不彼此重叠的情况下或在已生成字符集合之间没有预定距离的情况下同时显示时，处理器102限制显示已生成字符集合。 When the case where the virtual keyboard 2020 in the same row of keys associated with keys in the vicinity of the generated set of characters is too large to not overlap with each other or not a predetermined distance between the generated set of characters Show simultaneously, The processor 102 limit the display generated set of characters. 处理器102可以使用以下项之一或任何组合来限制已生成字符集合:每个已生成字符集合的排序、每个已生成字符集合的大小以及要显示的以保持已生成字符集合之间的预定距离的每个已生成字符集合之间的距离。 The processor 102 may be limited set of characters generated using one of the following or any combination of: ordering each generated set of characters, the size of each generated set of characters to be displayed and to maintain a predetermined generated between the set of characters the distance between each set of characters generated distance. 这会导致显示比虚拟键盘2020中的关联键更大的一个或多个已生成字符集合。 This causes the associated key to display the virtual keyboard 2020 than in the bigger one or more generated set of characters.
在一些示例中，如果两个已生成字符集合排序都很高，并且这些字符集合否则将显示在附近键处，但无法以显示文本大小显示并且仍然保持已生成字符集合之间的预定距离，则电子设备将被配置为仅显示最高排序的已生成字符集合。 In some examples, if the two generated sets of characters sort are very high, and these sets of characters that would otherwise appear in the vicinity of the key, but not the size of the display to display text and still maintain a predetermined set of characters generated between the distance, the electronic device is configured to display only the highest ranked generated set of characters. 这导致显示最可能的已生成字符集合。 This results shows the most likely generated set of characters. 在其它示例中，仅显示已生成字符集合中的最长的。 In other examples, display only the generated set of characters in the longest. 这有益于允许较快输入较长的词节省时间和处理周期，由此促进预测性文本输入解决方案。 This benefit allows for faster input long term saving time and processing cycles, thereby facilitating predictive text input solution. 在其它示例中，仅显示最短的已生成字符集合。 In other examples, only the shortest display generated set of characters. 这在至少针对一些用户来说较短词可能更普遍时可能是有益的，由此允许较快输入词，这样节省时间和处理周期，由此促进预测性文本输入解决方案。 This, at least for some users may be more common when a shorter word may be beneficial, thereby allowing faster input word, which saves time and processing cycles, thereby facilitating predictive text input solution.
在一些示例中，处理器102可以仅限制在虚拟键盘2020中的同一行键中的相近/邻近键中所显示的已生成字符集合。 In some examples, the processor 102 may be limited only on the virtual keyboard 2020 in the same row of keys in the similar / displayed adjacent the key generated set of characters. 在一些示例中，处理器102可以限制在虚拟键盘2020中的同一行键中的相近/邻近行中所显示的已生成字符集合，从而无论所生成的字符集和或每个已生成字符集合之间的距离如何，已生成字符集合都从不显示在相近/邻近键中。 In some examples, the processor 102 may be limited to a virtual keyboard 2020 in the same row of keys close / adjacent rows displayed generated set of characters, so that regardless of the resulting character set and each generated set of characters or the the distance between how, generated set of characters are never displayed similar / adjacent keys. 在这些示例中，处理器102使用排序来确定显示哪些已生成字符集合。 In these examples, the processor 102 uses the ranking to determine which display the generated set of characters.
在其它示例中，当与虚拟键盘2020中的不同的行的键中的附近键关联的已生成字符集合太大而无法在彼此不重叠的情况下或在已生成字符集合之间没有预定距离的情况下同时显示时，处理器102可以限制要显示的已生成字符集合。 In other examples, when the generated characters associated with the virtual keyboard bond near 2020 in different rows in the set is too large to generate or without overlap each other between the set of characters not in the case of simultaneously displaying a predetermined distance, the processor 102 may restrict the display of the generated set of characters. 在其它示例中，当与虚拟键盘2020中的相同或不同列的键中的附近键关联的已生成字符集合太大而无法在彼此不重叠的情况下或在已生成字符集合之间没有预定距离的情况下显示时，处理器102可以限制要显示的已生成字符集合。 In other examples, when the generated set of characters associated with keys too close to bond with the same or different columns of the virtual keyboard 2020 is unable or not a distance between the predetermined set of characters generated without overlap each other in the case where the display processor 102 may restrict the display of the generated set of characters.
如上所述，用户可以使用手指或手写笔来滑动已生成字符集合以输入该已生成字符集合。 As described above, the user can slide generated set of characters to input the generated set of characters using a finger or stylus. 与之对比，可以通过使用手指或手写笔在虚拟键盘2020中键击各个键来输入单个字母。 In contrast, a single letter can be input by using a finger or stylus in the virtual keyboard 2020 keystrokes respective keys. 触摸屏使用触摸事件的移动和持续时间在键击事件与滑动事件之间进行区分，其细节是本领域公知的，无须赘述。 Using a touch event and the duration of the touch screen moves to distinguish between the sliding keystroke event, the details of which are known in the art, not be further described. 虚拟键盘2020中的每个键以及要显示的每个已生成字符集合2060在触摸屏上具有关联目标区域。 2020 virtual keyboard each key and to display each generated set of characters 2060 has an associated target area on the touch screen. 与每个已生成字符集合关联的目标区域可以大于和/或覆盖与其所关联的后续候选输入字符对应的键的目标区域以及附近键(例如同一行中的相近键)。 Each generated set of characters may be greater than the associated target area and / or bond with the target area coverage subsequent candidate input character corresponding to its associated key and the vicinity (e.g. the same row similar key). 用户仅需要在所显示的已生成字符集合上或其附近滑动以输入已生成字符集合。 User need only slide generated on or near the displayed character set to generate a set of characters has been input. 这样允许通过创建更大以及更多的可访问目标区域来快速输入已生成字符集合，由此节省时间和处理周期。 This allows the creation of larger and more accessible to the target area to quickly enter the generated set of characters, thus saving time and processing cycles. 在一些示例中，可以通过检测在所显示的已生成字符集合处或其附近在任何方向上的滑动来输入已生成字符集合。 In some examples, the generated set of characters can be entered in the detecting generated at or near the set of characters to slide in any direction displayed by the. 在其它示例中，可以仅通过检测在所显示的已生成字符集合处或其附近在特定方向上的滑动来输入已生成字符集合。 In other examples, the generated set of characters at or near a set of slides in a specific direction on the displayed character input generated by detecting only. 所述特定方向可以与特定方向所显示的已生成字符集合的方向(例如在所示示例中，左边或右边)关联。 The specific direction may be a specific direction generated in the direction of the displayed set of characters (e.g., in the example shown in the left or right) is associated. 在一些示例中，当滑动具有与所显示的已生成字符集合(其可以相同于或大于所显示的已生成字符集合)关联的目标区域内的初始接触点时，滑动处于所显示的已生成字符集合处或其附近。 In some examples, when the generated set of characters slide has displayed (which may be the same or generated set of characters is greater than the display) when the initial contact point in the target area associated with the slide in the displayed generated character at or near the collection.
图21示出具有虚拟键盘2120和输入字段2130的用户界面屏幕的另一示例。 FIG. 21 illustrates another example of a virtual keyboard input field 2120 and 2130 of a user interface screen. 字符集合“Ec”由触摸屏接收为输入，并且显示在输入字段2130中，随后是光标2140，光标2140可以是垂直线(如所示那样)或任何其它形状(例如上述下划线)。 Set of characters "Ec" for the input received by the touchscreen, and displayed in the input field 2130, followed by 2140 is a cursor, the cursor 2140 may be a vertical line (as shown) or any other shape (e.g., underlined above). 文本输入工具条2150显示在用户界面屏幕的顶部，在输入字段2130之上。 Text input tool bar 2150 at the top of the user interface screen displayed in the input field 2130 on. 预测器部分地基于针对当前词内的光标2140的当前位置(其处于当前词的第三字符位置中，如输入字段2130所示)的所接收到的输入来确定一个或多个已生成字符集合2160。 Based in part on the predictor for the current position of the cursor 2140 in the current word (which is in the third character position of the current word, as shown in the input field 2130) of the received input to determine one or more sets of characters generated 2160. 当前词是光标当前所位于的词。 The current word is the word the cursor is currently located. 在所示示例中，显示已生成字符集合2160 “Every”、“Ecuador”和“Economy”。 In the illustrated example, the display generated set of characters 2160 "Every", "Ecuador" and "Economy". 已生成字符集合2160显不在虚拟键盘2120内的所设置的位置处，而不是在与上述示例中的后续候选输入字符对应的键处。 Generated set of characters disposed at a position in the virtual keyboard is not significant 21202160, but is not a bond at the above-described example corresponding to the subsequent candidate input character in. 所描述的实施例中的虚拟键盘2120中的所设置的位置由虚拟键盘2120的分区(或区域)限定。 Provided the position of the virtual keyboard 2120 in the embodiment of the described embodiment is defined by a virtual keyboard partition (or region) 2120. 在至少一些实施例中，通过划分虚拟键盘2120来限定分区。 In at least some embodiments, by dividing the virtual keyboard 2120 to define the partition. 虚拟键盘2120可以划分为相等或不等的分区。 2120 virtual keyboard can be divided into equal or unequal partitions. 分区可以基本上占据整个虚拟键盘2120或少于整个虚拟键盘2120。 Partitions can substantially occupy the entire virtual keyboard virtual keyboard 2120 or less than the entire 2120. 在一些示例中，分区可以占据用户界面屏幕的其它部分(例如输入字段2130)。 In some examples, the partitions may occupy other portions of the user interface screen (e.g., the input fields 2130). 在图21至图24中，虚拟键盘2120的分区由三列(例如左列、中间列和右列)限定。 In FIGS. 21 to 24, the virtual keyboard 2120 defined by three partitions (e.g., left column, the middle column and the right column). 在其它实施例中可以使用不同数量的列。 A different number of columns may be used in other embodiments. 可以通过将虚拟键盘2120划分为相等的部分(即通过将虚拟键盘2120划分为三个相等大小的列)来限定各列。 Columns may be defined by the virtual keyboard 2120 into equal portions (i.e., by the virtual keyboard 2120 is divided into three equally sized columns).
在所示示例中，所显示的字符集合水平地(或基本上水平地)对齐，以促进通过使得所显示的已生成字符集合更容易看见而使用以及选择预测作为输入。 In the illustrated example, the displayed character (or substantially horizontal) alignment set horizontally, to facilitate the collection of more easily seen and used as the input prediction selection by causing the generated characters displayed. 在所示示例中，已生成字符集合显示在分离两行键的水平“间隔”条(具体地说，将顶行键与顶行之下的第二行键分离的水平条)中。 In the illustrated example, the generated set of characters displayed on the separation of the two horizontal rows of keys "spacer" article (specifically, the second row below the top row of keys and the top row of keys separated horizontal bars). 这样避免了阻挡虚拟键盘2120的键，由此在增加所显示的预测的可见性的同时促进单独键的输入。 This avoids the virtual keyboard keys barrier 2120, thereby increasing the prediction displayed simultaneously promote visibility separate key input. 所显示的已生成字符集合可以位于别处，例如在分离两个不同行的键的水平条内。 Generated set of displayed characters may be located elsewhere, such as in the separation of the horizontal bar linkages of two different rows.
处理器102使用每个已生成字符集合的排序来确定显示已生成字符集合的分区。 The processor 102 uses the ordered set of characters generated for each of the partitions determines the display generated set of characters. 具有最高排序的已生成字符集合显示在与具有最高排序的已生成字符集合的后续候选输入字符关联的分区中。 Generated set of characters with the highest ranking display partitions in the subsequent input character associated with the candidate set generated in the character with the highest ranking. 与后续候选输入字符关联的分区典型地是已生成字符集合的后续候选输入字符所处的分区(即目前所描述的实施例中的列)。 Subsequent candidate input character typically associated partition subsequent candidate input character generated set of characters in which the partition (i.e., in the embodiment of the presently described embodiments column). 在所示示例中，已生成字符集合“Economy”具有最高排序，已生成字符集合的后续候选输入字符是字母V'。 In the illustrated example, the generated set of characters "Economy" has the highest rank, the generated set of characters subsequent candidate input character is the letter V '. 相应地，已生成字符集合“Economy”位于字母“ο”所处的右列中。 Accordingly, the generated set of characters "Economy" located right letter "ο" in which the column.
处理器102然后确定与具有下一最高排序(即第二高排序)的已生成字符集合的后续候选输入字符关联的分区。 The processor then determines 102 having the next highest rank (i.e., the second highest rank) of the subsequent candidate input character associations generated set of characters partition. 如果该分区已经分配给已生成字符集合(例如最高排序的已生成字符集合，其在所示示例中分配给右列)，则丢弃已生成字符集合。 If the partition has been allocated to the generated set of characters (e.g., the highest ranked generated set of characters, which are assigned to the right column in the example shown), generated set of characters is discarded. 例如，如果已生成字符集合“Economics”具有第二高排序，则由于关联分区与分配给具有最高排序的已生成字符集合“Economy”的分区相同，因此将丢弃“Economics”的预测。 For example, if the generated set of characters "Economics" has the second highest rank, since the associated partition and allocated to a generated set of characters with the highest ranking "Economy" the same partition, and therefore discarded prediction "Economics" of. 处理器102然后确定与具有下一最高排序(即第三高排序)的已生成字符集合的后续候选输入字符关联的分区。 The processor 102 then determines and having the next highest rank (i.e., the third highest rank) of the generated set of characters associated with the subsequent candidate input character partitions. 如果该分区已经分配给已生成字符集合(例如最高排序的已生成字符集合)，则丢弃已生成字符集合。 If the partition has been allocated to the generated set of characters (e.g., the highest ranked generated set of characters), generated set of characters is discarded. 重复该处理，直到第二分区与已生成字符集合关联，或没有已生成字符集合剩余。 This process is repeated until the second partition is associated with a generated set of characters, or no surplus generated set of characters. 在所示示例中，要与已生成字符集合相关联的第二分区是左列，与第二分区(例如左列)关联的已生成字符集合是“Every”。 In the illustrated example, a second partition to be associated with the generated set of characters is the left column, the generated character associated with the second partition (e.g., left column) is set to "Every". 即使字符集合“Ec”被接收作为输入(其并非词“Every”的词根)，也预测字符集合“Every”。 Even if the set of characters "Ec" is received as an input (which is not a word "Every" roots), also predicted set of characters "Every".
处理器102然后确定与具有下一最高排序的已生成字符集合的后续候选输入字符相关联的分区。 The processor 102 then determines the partition having the next highest ranking candidate input character associated with subsequent character set has been generated. 如果该分区已经分配给已生成字符集合(例如在所示示例中左列和右列已经分配给已生成字符集合)，则丢弃已生成字符集合。 If the partition has been allocated to the generated set of characters (e.g., in the illustrated example left and right columns have been allocated to the generated set of characters), generated set of characters is discarded. 例如，如果已生成字符集合“Everyone”具有下一最高排序，则由于关联分区是已经分配给已生成字符集合“Every”的左列，因此将丢弃“Everyone”的预测。 For example, if the generated set of characters "Everyone" having the next highest rank, since the associated partition is already allocated to a generated set of characters "Every" in the left column, and therefore discarded prediction "Everyone" is. 处理器102然后确定与具有下一最高排序的已生成字符集合的后续候选输入字符关联的分区。 The processor 102 then determines the next highest rank and having an input candidate character associated with a subsequent set of characters generated partition. 如果该分区已经分配给已生成字符集合，则丢弃已生成字符集合。 If the partition has been allocated to the generated set of characters, the generated set of characters is discarded. 重复该处理，直到第三分区与已生成字符集合相关联(例如直到分配了中间列)，或没有已生成字符集合剩余。 This process is repeated until the third partition is associated with a generated set of characters (e.g., until the assigned middle column), or no surplus generated set of characters. 在所示示例中，要与已生成字符集合相关联的第三分区是中间列，与第三分区(例如中间列)关联的已生成字符集合是“Ecuador”。 In the illustrated example, to be associated with the set of characters generated third partition is an intermediate column, the generated character is associated with the third partition (e.g., middle column) is set to "Ecuador".
在所示示例中，虚拟键盘2120具有三个分区。 In the illustrated example, the virtual keyboard 2120 has three partitions. 如果使用更多分区，则该处理将继续，直到分区与已生成字符集合相关联，或没有已生成字符集合剩余。 If more partitions, the process will continue until the partition is associated with a generated set of characters, or no surplus generated set of characters.
图22示出具有虚拟键盘2120和输入字段2130的用户界面屏幕的另一示例。 FIG. 22 shows another example of a virtual keyboard input field 2120 and 2130 of a user interface screen. 字符“T”由触摸屏接收为输入，并且显示在输入字段2130中，随后是光标2140，光标2140可以是垂直线(如所示那样)或任何其它形状(例如上述下划线)。 The character "T" is received by the touch screen input, and displayed in the input field 2130, followed by 2140 is a cursor, the cursor 2140 may be a vertical line (as shown) or any other shape (e.g., underlined above). 预测器部分地基于针对当前词内的光标2140的当前位置(其处于当前词的第二字符位置中，如输入字段2130所示)的所接收到的输入来确定一个或多个已生成字符集合2160。 Based in part on the predictor for the current position of the cursor 2140 in the current word (which is the second character position of the current word, as shown in the input field 2130) of the received input to determine one or more sets of characters generated 2160. 在所示示例中，显示已生成字符集合2160“Thanks”和“To”。 In the illustrated example, the display generated set of characters 2160 "Thanks" and "To". 显示比分区更少的已生成字符集合，意味着仅两个预测存在，或预测因寻求将已生成字符集合与已经分配给另一已生成字符集合的分区相关联的冲突而耗尽。 Show Scores area less generated set of characters, means that only two predictions exists, or who seek to predict the generated set of characters and the conflict has been assigned to another partition associated set of characters generated and consumed.
图23示出具有虚拟键盘2120和输入字段2130的用户界面屏幕的另一示例。 FIG. 23 shows another example of a virtual keyboard input field 2120 and 2130 of a user interface screen. 字符集合“An”由触摸屏接收为输入，并且显示在输入字段2130中，随后是光标2140，光标2140可以是垂直线(如所示那样)或任何其它形状(例如上述下划线)。 Set of characters "An" input received from the touch screen, and is displayed in the input field 2130, followed by 2140 is a cursor, the cursor 2140 may be a vertical line (as shown) or any other shape (e.g., underlined above). 预测器部分地基于针对当前词内的光标2140的当前位置(其处于当前词的第三字符位置中，如输入字段2130所示)的所接收到的输入来确定一个或多个已生成字符集合2160。 Based in part on the predictor for the current position of the cursor 2140 in the current word (which is in the third character position of the current word, as shown in the input field 2130) of the received input to determine one or more sets of characters generated 2160. 在所示示例中，显示已生成字符集合2160“And”、“Anyway” 和“Another”。 In the illustrated example, the display generated set of characters 2160 "And", "Anyway" and "Another".
图24示出具有虚拟键盘2120和输入字段2130的用户界面屏幕的另一示例。 FIG. 24 shows another example of a virtual keyboard input field 2120 and 2130 of a user interface screen. 字符集合“This”由触摸屏接收为输入，并且显示在输入字段2130中，随后是光标2140，光标2140可以是垂直线(如所示那样)或任何其它形状(例如上述下划线)。 Set of characters "This" is the input received by the touchscreen, and displayed in the input field 2130, followed by 2140 is a cursor, the cursor 2140 may be a vertical line (as shown) or any other shape (e.g., underlined above). 预测器部分地基于针对当前词内的光标2140的当前位置(其处于当前词的第一字符位置中，如输入字段2130所示)的所接收到的输入来确定一个或多个已生成字符集合2160。 Based in part on the predictor for the current position of the cursor 2140 in the current word (which is in the first character position of the current word, as shown in the input field 2130) of the received input to determine one or more sets of characters generated 2160. 在所示示例中，预测器预测正输入的句子中的下一词，其中，显示已生成字符集合2160“will”、“is”和“message”。 In the illustrated example, the predictor predicts the next word in the sentence being entered, wherein the generated set of characters displayed 2160 "will", "is" and "message".
图25示出具有虚拟键盘2120和输入字段2130的用户界面屏幕的另一示例。 FIG. 25 shows another example of a user interface screen having a virtual keyboard 2120 and input fields 2130. 字符“A”由触摸屏接收为输入，并且显示在输入字段2130中，随后是光标2140，光标2140可以是垂直线(如所示那样)或任何其它形状(例如上述下划线)。 Character "A" is received by the touch screen input, and displayed in the input field 2130, followed by 2140 is a cursor, the cursor 2140 may be a vertical line (as shown) or any other shape (e.g., underlined above). 文本输入工具条2150显示在用户界面屏幕的顶部，在输入字段2130之上。 Text input tool bar 2150 at the top of the user interface screen displayed in the input field 2130 on. 预测器部分地基于针对当前词内的光标2140的当前位置(其处于当前词的第二字符位置中，如输入字段2130所示)的所接收到的输入来确定一个或多个已生成字符集合2560。 Based in part on the predictor for the current position of the cursor 2140 in the current word (which is the second character position of the current word, as shown in the input field 2130) of the received input to determine one or more sets of characters generated 2560. 当前词是光标当前所位于的词。 The current word is the word the cursor is currently located. 在所示示例中，显示已生成字符集合2560 “Are”、“As”和“And”。 In the illustrated example, the display generated set of characters 2560 "Are", "As" and the "And". 已生成字符集合2560显示在虚拟键盘2120内的所设置的位置处，而不是在先前示例中的后续候选输入字符对应的键处。 2560 generated set of characters at a subsequent candidate keys displayed at the position set in the virtual keyboard 2120, rather than in the previous example corresponding to the input character. 所描述的实施例中的虚拟键盘2120中的所设置的位置由虚拟键盘2120的分区限定。 Provided the position of the virtual keyboard 2120 in the embodiment of the described embodiment is defined by a partition of the virtual keyboard 2120. 虚拟键盘2120可以划分为相等或不等的分区。 2120 virtual keyboard can be divided into equal or unequal partitions. 分区可以基本上占据整个虚拟键盘2120或少于整个虚拟键盘2120。 Partitions can substantially occupy the entire virtual keyboard virtual keyboard 2120 or less than the entire 2120. 在一些示例中，分区可以占据用户界面屏幕的其它部分(例如输入字段2130)。 In some examples, the partitions may occupy other portions of the user interface screen (e.g., the input fields 2130). 在图25至图28中，虚拟键盘2120的分区由三行(例如顶行、中间行和底行)而不是图21至图24中的列来限定。 In FIG 25 to FIG. 28, the virtual keyboard 2120 by the three lines of partitions (e.g., top row, middle and bottom rows) instead of FIG. 24 to FIG. 21 is defined. 在其它实施例中可以使用不同数量的行。 A different number of rows in the other embodiments. 可以通过将虚拟键盘2120划分为相等的部分(SP通过将虚拟键盘2120划分为三个相等大小的行)来限定各行。 Each row can be defined by the virtual keyboard is divided into 2120 portions (SP 2120 through the virtual keyboard is divided into three equal-sized lines) equal.
在所示示例中，所显示的字符集合垂直地(或基本上垂直地)对齐，以促进通过使得所显示的已生成字符集合更容易看见而使用并且选择预测作为输入。 In the illustrated example, the displayed character set (or substantially vertically) aligned vertically to facilitate generated by the character set that displayed more visible and used as the input prediction selection. 在所示示例中，在分离各行键的水平“间隔”条中显示已生成字符集合，所显示的字符集合中的每一个位于不同的间隔条中。 In the example shown in the character set, the separated horizontal row of keys "spacer" bar generated set of characters is displayed, the displayed each located in a different spacer strips. 这样避免了阻挡虚拟键盘2120的键，由此在增加所显示的预测的可见性的同时促进单独键的输入。 This avoids the virtual keyboard keys barrier 2120, thereby increasing the prediction displayed simultaneously promote visibility separate key input. 所显示的已生成字符集合可以位于别处。 Generated set of displayed characters may be located elsewhere.
处理器102使用每个已生成字符集合的排序来确定显示已生成字符集合的分区。 The processor 102 uses the ordered set of characters generated for each of the partitions determines the display generated set of characters. 具有最高排序的已生成字符集合显示在与具有最高排序的已生成字符集合的后续候选输入字符关联的分区中。 Generated set of characters with the highest ranking display partitions in the subsequent input character associated with the candidate set generated in the character with the highest ranking. 与后续候选输入字符关联的分区典型地是已生成字符集合的后续候选输入字符所处的分区(即目前所描述的实施例中的行)。 Subsequent candidate input character typically associated partition subsequent candidate input character generated set of characters in which the partition (i.e., row embodiment of the present embodiment described). 在所示示例中，已生成字符集合“Are”具有最高排序，已生成字符集合的后续候选输入字符是字母“r”。 In the illustrated example, the generated set of characters "Are" has the highest rank, the generated set of characters subsequent candidate input character is the letter "r". 相应地，已生成字符集合“Are”位于字母“r”所处的顶行中。 Accordingly, the generated set of characters "Are" located letter "r" in the top row is located.
处理器102然后确定与具有下一最高排序(即第二高排序)的已生成字符集合的后续候选输入字符关联的分区。 The processor then determines 102 having the next highest rank (i.e., the second highest rank) of the subsequent candidate input character associations generated set of characters partition. 如果该分区已经分配给已生成字符集合(例如最高排序的已生成字符集合，其在所示示例中分配给顶行)，则丢弃已生成字符集合。 If the partition has been allocated to the generated set of characters (e.g., the highest ranked generated set of characters, which are assigned to the top row in the illustrated example) is discarded generated set of characters. 例如，如果已生成字符集合“Array”具有第二高排序，则由于关联分区与分配给具有最高排序的已生成字符集合“Are”的分区相同，因此将丢弃“Array”的预测。 For example, if the generated set of characters "Array" having the second highest rank, and since the associated partition with the highest ranking assigned to the generated set of characters "Are" the same partition, and therefore discarded prediction "Array" of. 处理器102然后确定与具有下一最高排序(即第三高排序)的已生成字符集合的后续候选输入字符关联的分区。 The processor 102 then determines and having the next highest rank (i.e., the third highest rank) of the generated set of characters associated with the subsequent candidate input character partitions. 如果该分区已经分配给已生成字符集合(例如最高排序的已生成字符集合)，则丢弃已生成字符集合。 If the partition has been allocated to the generated set of characters (e.g., the highest ranked generated set of characters), generated set of characters is discarded. 重复该处理，直到第二分区与已生成字符集合关联，或没有已生成字符集合剩余。 This process is repeated until the second partition is associated with a generated set of characters, or no surplus generated set of characters. 在所示示例中，待与已生成字符集合关联的第二分区是中间行，与第二分区(例如左列)关联的已生成字符集合是“As”。 In the illustrated example, the second partition to be associated with the generated set of characters is an intermediate row, the generated character associated with the second partition (e.g., left column) is set to "As".
处理器102然后确定与具有下一最高排序的已生成字符集合的后续候选输入字符关联的分区。 The processor 102 then determines the next highest rank and having an input candidate character associated with a subsequent set of characters generated partition. 如果该分区已经分配给已生成字符集合(例如在所示示例中顶列和中间列已经分配给已生成字符集合)，则丢弃已生成字符集合。 If the partition has been allocated to the generated set of characters (e.g. in the example column top and the middle column already allocated to a generated set of characters shown) generated set of characters is discarded. 例如，如果已生成字符集合“Assume”具有下一最高排序，则由于关联分区是已经分配给已生成字符集合“As”的左列，因此将丢弃“Assume”的预测。 For example, if the generated set of characters "Assume" having the next highest rank, since the associated partition is already allocated to a generated set of characters "As" the left column, and therefore discarded prediction "Assume" a. 处理器102然后确定与具有下一最高排序的已生成字符集合的后续候选输入字符关联的分区。 The processor 102 then determines the next highest rank and having an input candidate character associated with a subsequent set of characters generated partition. 如果该分区已经分配给已生成字符集合，则丢弃已生成字符集合。 If the partition has been allocated to the generated set of characters, the generated set of characters is discarded. 重复该处理，直到第三分区与已生成字符集合相关联(例如直到分配底行)，或没有已生成字符集合剩余。 This process is repeated until the third associated with the partition (e.g. up dispensing bottom row) with the generated set of characters, or no surplus generated set of characters. 在所示示例中，待与已生成字符集合关联的第三分区是底行，与第三分区(例如中间列)关联的已生成字符集合是“And”。 In the illustrated example, to be generated set of characters associated with the third partition is a bottom line, the third partition (e.g., middle column) associated with the generated set of characters is "And".
在所示示例中，虚拟键盘2120具有三个分区。 In the illustrated example, the virtual keyboard 2120 has three partitions. 如果使用更多分区，则该处理将继续，直到分区与已生成字符集合关联，或没有已生成字符集合剩余。 If more partitions, the process will continue until the partition is associated with a generated set of characters, or no surplus generated set of characters.
图26示出具有虚拟键盘2120和输入字段2130的用户界面屏幕的另一示例。 FIG. 26 shows another example of a virtual keyboard input field 2120 and 2130 of a user interface screen. 字符集合“How”由触摸屏接收为输入，并且显示在输入字段2130中，随后是光标2140，光标2140可以是垂直线(如所示那样)或任何其它形状(例如上述下划线)。 Set of characters "How" input received from the touch screen, and is displayed in the input field 2130, followed by 2140 is a cursor, the cursor 2140 may be a vertical line (as shown) or any other shape (e.g., underlined above). 预测器部分地基于针对当前词内的光标2140的当前位置(其处于当前词的第一字符位置中，如输入字段2130所示)的所接收到的输入来确定一个或多个已生成字符集合2560。 Based in part on the predictor for the current position of the cursor 2140 in the current word (which is in the first character position of the current word, as shown in the input field 2130) of the received input to determine one or more sets of characters generated 2560. 在所示示例中，预测器预测在正输入的句子中的下一词，其中，显示已生成字符集合2560“is”、“are”和“many”。 In the illustrated example, the predictor predicts sentence being entered in the next term, wherein the display generated set of characters 2560 "is", "are", and "many".
图27示出具有虚拟键盘2120和输入字段2130的用户界面屏幕的另一示例。 FIG. 27 shows another example of a virtual keyboard input field 2120 and 2130 of a user interface screen. 字符集合“It is ab”由触摸屏接收为输入，并且显示在输入字段2130中，随后是光标2140，光标2140可以是垂直线(如所示那样)或任何其它形状(例如上述下划线)。 Set of characters "It is ab" is received by the touch screen input, and displayed in the input field 2130, followed by 2140 is a cursor, the cursor 2140 may be a vertical line (as shown) or any other shape (e.g., underlined above). 预测器部分地基于针对当前词内的光标2140的当前位置(其处于当前词的第三字符位置中，如输入字段2130所示)的所接收到的输入来确定一个或多个已生成字符集合2560。 Based in part on the predictor for the current position of the cursor 2140 in the current word (which is in the third character position of the current word, as shown in the input field 2130) of the received input to determine one or more sets of characters generated 2560. 在所示示例中，显示已生成字符集合2560 “about”和“absolutely”。 In the illustrated example, the display generated set of characters 2560 "about" and "absolutely". 显示比分区更少的已生成字符集合，意味着仅两个预测存在，或预测因寻求将已生成字符集合与已经分配给另一已生成字符集合的分区关联的冲突而耗尽。 Show Scores area less generated set of characters, means that only two predictions exists, or who seek to predict the generated set of characters and the conflict has been assigned to another partition associated set of characters generated and consumed.
应理解，图21至图28的实施例以促进使用并且选择预测作为输入的方式提出了在显示最高排序的预测与显示预测之间的折中。 It should be understood, the embodiment of FIGS. 21 to 28 to promote the use and the prediction selection display presents a compromise between the highest ranked prediction and the predicted display mode as input. 虽然将总是显示最高排序的预测，但其它所显示的预测可以不表示下一最高排序的预测。 Although the forecast will always show the highest ranking, but other prediction displayed may not represent predict the next highest rank. 虽然较低排序的预测可能不是最高排序的预测，但预测仍然是最高排序的预测，所显示的预测位于所设置的位置处，而不是基于后续候选输入字符而在虚拟键盘2120周围移动。 Although the lower the prediction prediction may not be the highest rank ordered, but is still the highest ranked prediction prediction prediction is displayed at a position set, rather than on subsequent candidate input character moves around the virtual keyboard 2120. 这样促进了使用并且选择预测作为输入，而不是用户键击出整个词并且忽略预测，由此节省时间和处理周期并且促进预测性文本输入解决方案。 This facilitates the use of prediction and selection as input, rather than the user keystrokes and ignore the entire word prediction, thereby saving time and processing cycles and facilitates predictive text input solution.
如上所述，用户可以使用手指或手写笔来滑动已生成字符集合以输入该已生成字符集合。 As described above, the user can slide generated set of characters to input the generated set of characters using a finger or stylus. 与之对比，可以通过使用手指或手写笔在虚拟键盘2120中键击各个键来输入单独字母。 In contrast, by using a finger or stylus on the virtual keyboard keys 2120 click each key to enter individual letters. 触摸屏使用触摸事件的移动和持续时间在键击事件与滑动事件之间进行区分，其细节是本领域公知的，无须赘述。 Using a touch event and the duration of the touch screen moves to distinguish between the sliding keystroke event, the details of which are known in the art, not be further described. 虚拟键盘2120中的每个键以及要显示的每个已生成字符集合2560在触摸屏上具有关联目标区域。 2120 virtual keyboard for each key and to display each generated set of characters 2560 has an associated target area on the touch screen. 与每个已生成字符集合关联的目标区域典型地是相同大小的，或大于所显示的已生成字符集合。 Each generated set of characters associated with the target area is typically the same size or larger than the generated set of characters is displayed. 用户仅需要在所显示的已生成字符集合上或其附近滑动以输入已生成字符集合。 User need only slide generated on or near the displayed character set to generate a set of characters has been input. 这允许通过创建相对大的可访问目标区域来相对快速输入已生成字符集合，由此节省时间和处理周期。 This allows a relative by creating a relatively large target area can be accessed quickly enter the generated set of characters, thus saving time and processing cycles. 在一些示例中，可以仅通过检测在所显示的已生成字符集合处或其附近在特定方向上的滑动来输入已生成字符集合。 In some instances, the generated set of characters at or near a set of slides in a specific direction on the displayed character input generated by detecting only. 在一些示例中，特定方向是“向上”，从而仅向上滑动可以输入已生成字符集合。 In some examples, the specific direction is "up", so that only the upward slide generated set of characters can be entered. 在一些示例中，当滑动具有与所显示的已生成字符集合(其可以相同于或大于所显示的已生成字符集合)关联的目标区域内(例如在图21中在所显示的词“Every”、“Ecuador”或“Economy”内)的初始接触点时，滑动处于所显示的已生成字符集合处或其附近。 In some examples, when the generated set of characters slide has displayed (which may be the same or generated is greater than the displayed set of characters) within the target area associated with (e.g. in FIG. 21 in terms of the displayed "Every" when the initial contact point "Ecuador" or "Economy" inside), the slide show has been generated in the vicinity of or at a set of characters.
应理解，无论是否由行还是列限定，上述实施例中的虚拟键盘2120的分区都与虚拟键盘2120的键的行和列不一致。 It should be understood, regardless of whether a row or column is defined, the above-described embodiments of the virtual keyboard 2120 and the partition 2120 of the virtual keyboard keys rows and columns of inconsistencies. 在其它实施例中，虽然虚拟键盘2120的分区可以与虚拟键盘2120的键的行和列一致，但由于可能通过弄乱用户界面而减少虚拟键盘2120的键的可见性和/或预测的可见性，因此其典型地并非是优选的。 In other embodiments, although the virtual keyboard 2120 and a column partition may be consistent with the row of keys of the virtual keyboard 2120, but may be reduced because a virtual keyboard 2120 by cluttering user interface is visible and / or predicted visibility , so it is typically not preferred.
虽然上述实施例教导行或列所限定的虚拟键盘2120的分区，但其它配置是可能的。 Although the above embodiments are defined teachings row or column partition the virtual keyboard 2120, but other configurations are possible. 例如，分区可以布置在二维数组(例如列的行的直角数组)中。 For example, the partition may be arranged in a two dimensional array (e.g., a right angle array of rows of columns) in the. 虽然这可能增加虚拟键盘2120内可以显示的预测的数量，但其可能通过弄乱用户界面而减少虚拟键盘2120的键的可见性和/或预测的可见性。 Visibility and / or predicted number of prediction visibility Although this may increase the virtual keyboard 2120 may be displayed, but it may be reduced by the virtual keyboard keys 2120 cluttering the user interface.
图29以流程图形式示出根据一些实施例的方法2900。 FIG. 29 illustrates a method according to some embodiments of 2900 in flowchart form. 方法2900可以通过处理器(例如主处理器102)而得以实现，并且存储在有形计算机可读介质(例如硬驱、CD、DVD、闪存等)上。 The method 2900 may be implemented by a processor (e.g., main processor 102), and a storage readable medium (e.g., hard drive, CD, DVD, flash memory, etc.) on a tangible computer. 在块2902，处理器接收字符输入。 At block 2902, the processor receives a character input. 在块2904，处理器生成预测输入字符集合。 At block 2904, the processor generates a predicted input set of characters. 预测输入字符集合与后续候选输入字符对应。 Predicted input set of characters corresponding to subsequent input character candidate.
在块2906，最高排序的预测输入字符集合分配给与具有最高排序的已生成字符集合中的后续候选输入字符关联的虚拟键盘2120中的分区。 At block 2906, the highest ranked prediction set of input characters with the highest ranking assigned to the associated input character generated subsequent candidate set of characters in a virtual keyboard 2120 partitions. 如上所述，与后续候选输入字符关联的分区典型地是已生成字符集合的后续候选输入字符所处的分区(即目前所描述的实施例中的行)。 As described above, the input character candidates associated with subsequent partitioning typically subsequent candidate input character generated set of characters in which the partition (i.e., row embodiment of the present embodiment described). 预测输入字符集合与后续候选输入字符对应。 Predicted input set of characters corresponding to subsequent input character candidate.
在块2908，确定下一最高排序的字符集合。 In the character set of the block 2908, the next highest ranking is determined. 在块2910，确定与所述下一最高排序的字符集合相关联的分区。 At block 2910, determining a partition associated with the next highest ranked set of characters. 如果所确定的分区尚未分配给已生成字符集合(判决块2912)，则所确定的分区分配给下一最高排序的字符集合(±夬2914)。 If the determined partition has not been allocated to the generated set of characters (decision block 2912), a set of characters partition to the next highest rank is determined using (± Jue 2914). 如果所确定的分区已经分配给已生成字符集合(判决块2912)，则确定下一最高排序的字符集合(±夬2908)。 If the determined partition has been allocated to the generated set of characters (decision block 2912), the set of characters the next highest rank is determined using (± Jue 2908).
在判决块2916，确定是否仍然未分配虚拟键盘2120中的任何分区，如果是，则确定是否任何预测输入字符集合剩余。 In decision block 2916 to determine if any of the partitions the virtual keyboard is still unallocated in 2120, and if so, to determine whether any of the set of predicted input characters remaining. 如果是，则虚拟键盘2120中的至少一个分区是未分配的，或下一最高排序预测输入字符集合存在。 If so, then the virtual keyboard 2120, at least one partition is unallocated, or next highest ranked set of predicted input characters exists. 然后确定所述下一最高排序的字符集合(块2908)。 The next set of characters is then determined highest ranked (block 2908). 如果否，则已经分配了虚拟键盘2120中的所有分区，或下一最高排序预测输入字符集合不存在。 If not, it has been assigned to all partitions in the virtual keyboard 2120, or the next highest ranked set of predicted input characters do not exist. 然后，分配给虚拟键盘2120中的分区的预测输入字符集合显示在预测输入字符集合中的后续候选输入字符附近的位置处，即在分配给虚拟键盘2120的分区的虚拟键盘2120的区域中。 Then, the prediction input characters assigned to the virtual keyboard 2120 is displayed in the set of partitions at a position near the predicted input characters subsequent candidate input character set, i.e., in the region assigned to the partition of the virtual keyboard, virtual keyboard 2120 2120.
虽然图29中未示出，但用户可以使用手指或手写笔来滑动已生成字符集合以输入该已生成字符集合，如上所述。 Although not shown in FIG. 29, the user may swipe a generated set of characters to input the generated set of characters, as described above using a finger or stylus. 与之对比，可以通过使用手指或手写笔在虚拟键盘2120中键击各个键来输入单独字母。 In contrast, by using a finger or stylus on the virtual keyboard keys 2120 click each key to enter individual letters. 在一些示例中，所述方法结合方法1700和图17如上所述继续块1750和1760 (未示出)的操作。 In some examples, the binding method and the method 1700 proceeds to block 1750 and 1760 operation (not shown) in FIG. 17 as described above. 在块1750处继续，如果处理器检测到未插入标点，则所述方法重新开始于块2110。 Continues at block 1750, if the processor detects that no punctuation is inserted, the method restarts at block 2110. 如果标点待插入，则所述方法继续到块1760，其中，删除〈SPACE〉字符并且适当的标点加入到输入字段。 If punctuation to be inserted, then the method continues to block 1760, where, delete <SPACE> and the appropriate punctuation character is added to the input field. 在块1760之后，所述方法在块2110重又开始。 Following block 1760, at block 2110 the method begins again.
虽然在预测词中的下一字母的情况下描述了方法2900，但所述方法可以适用于预测下一词中的下一字母。 Although the case where the prediction of the next letter of the word describes a process 2900, but the method can be applied to predict the next word in the next letter.
虽然至少部分地关于方法而描述了本发明，但本领域技术人员应理解，本发明还针对用于执行所描述的方法的各方面和特征中的至少一些，无论其通过硬件组件、软件或二者的任何组合的方式还是通过任何另外方式。 While at least in part on the method described in the present invention, those skilled in the art will appreciate, the present invention is also directed to various aspects and features of the described methods for performing in at least some, whether by hardware components, software, or any combination of both or by any otherwise. 此外，本发明还针对包括用于执行在此所描述的方法的存储在其上的程序指令的预先记录的存储设备或其它相似计算机可读介质。 Further, the present invention is also directed to a method for performing storage as described herein-readable storage medium device prerecorded program instructions thereon, or other similar computers.
在不脱离权利要求的主题内容的情况下，可以通过其它具体形式来实施本发明。 made without departing from the subject matter of the claims, the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms. 因此，所描述的示例实施例被看作在所有方面仅是说明性而非限制性的。 Thus, the described exemplary embodiments are considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. 本发明意图覆盖并且包括技术的所有合适的改变。 It intended to cover and include all suitable changes in technology. 因此，本发明的范围由所附权利要求而非前面的描述来描绘。 Accordingly, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description requirements is depicted. 落入权利要求的等同物的意义和范围内的所有改变意图被包括在它们的范围内。 Intended meaning and all changes that fall within the scope of equivalents of the claims to be included within their scope.
1.一种用于提供预测输入字符集合的方法，包括: 从在显示器上显示的虚拟键盘接收字符输入； 基于输入字符生成两个或更多个预测输入字符集合； 将所述虚拟键盘中与最高排序预测输入字符集合中的后续候选输入字符相关联的分区分配给最高排序预测输入字符集合； 确定下一最高排序预测输入字符集合，并确定与下一最高排序预测输入字符集合中的后续候选输入字符相关联的分区； 如果与下一最高排序预测输入字符集合中的后续候选输入字符相关联的分区已被分配，则丢弃相应的预测输入字符集合，重复所述确定步骤； 如果与下一最高排序预测输入字符集合中的后续候选输入字符相关联的分区未被分配，则将该分区分配给相应的预测输入字符集合； 在虚拟键盘中已分配的分区内显示两个或更多个已生成的预测输入字符集合， 其中所显示的两 1. A method for providing a set of predicted input characters, comprising: receiving characters from the virtual keyboard displayed on the display input; set input character generating two or more input character based on the prediction; and the virtual keyboard subsequent partition allocation highest ranked candidate set associated with the input character to a character input prediction highest rank predicted input set of characters; determining next highest rank prediction input set of characters, and the subsequent candidate is determined next highest rank prediction set of input characters enter the partition associated character; if a subsequent candidate prediction with next highest rank in the input set of characters associated with the character input partition has been assigned, then discards the corresponding predicted input set of characters, repeating said determining step; if the next the highest ranked candidate prediction subsequent input character in the input character set associated partition is not allocated, then the corresponding predicted partition is assigned to an input set of characters; allocated in the virtual keyboard display two or more partition has been generating a prediction set of characters input, wherein the displayed two 或更多个预测输入字符集合显示在虚拟键盘中分离两行键的单个水平区域中，并且所显示的两个或更多个预测输入字符集合各自显示在所述单个水平区域内的不同分区处。 Or more predicted input set of characters separated single horizontal display area of two rows of keys in the virtual keyboard and displayed two or more predicted input set of characters at each display different partitions within the single horizontal region .
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，还包括: 如果所述虚拟键盘中的至少一个分区是未分配的、或存在下一最高排序预测输入字符集合，则重复所述确定步骤。 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: if the virtual keyboard at least one partition is unassigned, or there is a next highest rank prediction input set of characters, said determining step is repeated.
4.如权利要求1至3中的任一项所述的方法，其中，通过所述虚拟键盘的区域中的多个列来限定所述分区。 4. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 claims, wherein said partition is defined by a plurality of columns of the virtual keyboard area.
5.如权利要求1至3中的任一项所述的方法，其中，所述生成包括:生成两个或更多个预测输入字符集合，每个预测输入字符集合显示在靠近与两个或更多个预测输入字符集合中的后续备选输入字符相对应的键的位置处。 5. A method according to any one of claim 3, wherein said generating comprises: generating two or more predicted input set of characters, each set of predicted input characters displayed in or near the two Alternatively, the subsequent input character at a position more predicted input set of characters corresponding to the keys.
6.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述分区基本上占据所有虚拟键盘。 The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, as claimed in claim 6, wherein said partition occupies substantially all of the virtual keyboard.
7.如权利要求1至3中的任一项所述的方法，其中，通过检测在所显示的预测输入字符集合处或其附近的滑动来输入所显示的预测输入字符集合。 7. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 according to claim, wherein the input characters predicted by detecting the slide set at or near the predicted input to the input characters displayed in the display set.
8.如权利要求7所述的方法，其中，所述滑动是“向上”滑动。 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein said slide is "up" slide.
9.一种电子设备，包括: 处理器； 显示器，耦合到所述处理器； 其中，所述处理器被配置为执行如权利要求1至8中的任一项所述的方法。 An electronic apparatus, comprising: a processor; a display coupled to the processor; wherein the processor is to perform the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, according to the configuration.
TW201122890A (en) 2009-12-18 2011-07-01 Best Solution Technology Inc Touch-control lock operated according to gesture or figure.
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2019-04-20T19:34:16Z
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https://patents.google.com/patent/CN103380407B/en
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.12363 |
wordpress
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CIE has posted the results of their recent MathComp here. Participation was very high this year and many Metroplex Math Circle participants were among the winners in the older grades. One of the highlights was a presentation to parents by Dr. Andreescu.
CIE/USA-DFW (CIE), The Dallas Fort Worth chapter of the Chinese Institute of Engineers hosted over one thousand people at its annual MATHCOMP/ MATHFUN event held at the COLLIN COLLEGE, Plano campus, at 2800 E Spring Creek Parkway Plano TX 75074, last Saturday on June 5th 2010 from 12:00 NOON to 5:30 PM.
As demonstrated in previous years the event was overwhelmingly and successfully received by the Dallas Fort-Worth community. CIE automated its registration process this year and focused on making the event more upscale for the comfort of the contestants. The purpose of CIE MathComp/MathFun is to offer more avenues to parents and children in creating interests in Mathematics and building enjoyment in the subject to the path of superior problem solving skills and mathematical abilities.
Four hundred and thirty students who just completed grade one to grade seven this spring 2010 semester took the Math tests. Grade one to grade seven question sets had thirty questions and grade seven had forty. Grade one to grade three tests ran for forty five minutes while grade four to grade seven tests ran for an hour. This year’s tests questions were created by a team headed by Professor of Mathematics, Dr Jianzhong Su, from the Department of Mathematics at the University of Texas at Arlington.
Just saw on Art of Problem Solving the 6 students chosen to represent the US in the 2010 IMO. Congratulations!
This is a particularly beautiful movie showing how famous series from Number Theory underlie much of the structure in nature.
Information about the theory behind the movie is available here.
Well, Texas didn’t have anyone with a top 12 position in the 2010 USAMO or an Honorable Mention (more reason to get our students involved in math circle earlier and take advantage of the other great resources we have in the Dallas area). We were proud, however of the students, who did qualify for the USAMO in north Texas, many of whom have honed their skills at the Metroplex Math Circle and are young enough to compete in many future Olympiads.
The 2010 CIE MathComp was a great success with over 430 students competing in grades 1 through 7. Many regular Math Circle participants were among the award winners particularly in grades 4 through 7.
A special highlight of this year’s event was a key note address given by our own Dr. Titu Andreescu. In the well attended lecture, Dr. Andreescu gave the parents a useful primer on various math contests and made a strong case for problems solving as a part of a full education. You can find Dr. Andreescu’s slides by clicking on the graphic to the right or the link at the bottom of this post.
If any of the CIE attendees are visiting this site for the first time please consider joining our E-mail list or our FaceBook Group.
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2019-04-25T22:37:23Z
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https://metroplexmathcircle.wordpress.com/2010/06/
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Porn
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Arts
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wordpress
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Will the FAA meet the September 2015 Approval Deadline?
The Denver Post has a good editorial about the progression of the FAA rules for drones. The congress mandated deadline is September of 2015, but the editorial mentions that the FAA is dragging its feet and it may be as late as 2022 before rules are in place.
In the meantime there is a wild west of drone usage. Some research flights have been approved but they are on a case by case basis and the FAA is inconsistent on which flights to crack down on that are breaking the current rules of nothing above 400ft.
If you want to do the software and hardware development, you will have to go outside the US to use it. For GIS/Geomatics companies with overseas offices, this will not be a problem, you develop in other countries and then bring the technology back to the US when the FAA eventually gives approval.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged 2022, denver post, Drone, FAA, Geomatics, GIS, overseas, research development, september 2015. Bookmark the permalink.
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2019-04-23T02:27:23Z
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https://weatherinthecity.wordpress.com/2014/08/19/will-the-faa-meet-the-september-2015-approval-deadline/
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Porn
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Business
| 0.890869 |
wordpress
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There is one of our Diva’s that is a HUGE Disney fan. Shawn Mosch organizes a Disney Pixar Blog Hop where several crafting bloggers all post Disney or Pixar inspired projects on the same day. For Shawn’s most recent Disney Pixar Blog Hop post she created a cork Mickey Mouse framed in rhinestones.
She used the Mickey and Friends Cricut cartridge for this project. To check out the FULL project tutorial, head over to Shawn’s blog by clicking HERE.
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2019-04-25T12:16:52Z
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https://cricutdivablog.wordpress.com/2014/06/
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Porn
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Arts
| 0.360172 |
wordpress
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How to Create a Weekly Social Media Calendar for Hotelier?
Posted in Community Manager, Distribution Marketing, E Reputation, English Posts, Facebook, Foursquare, Hotel, Monitoring, Tips and Tricks, Tools, Tutorials, Twitter.
Posted in E Reputation, English Posts, Facebook, Hotel, Tips and Tricks, Tools.
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2019-04-23T12:52:24Z
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https://alainclasse.wordpress.com/tag/tool/
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Porn
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Business
| 0.904744 |
wordpress
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Price of Food | Something should go here, maybe later.
Yet another example of just how contradictory the Green message can be.
sectors collapsed in country after country, leaving developing countries dependent on imports and food aid.
So is free trade the issue, or is it heavily subsidised food? Because those things are polar opposite.
The post complains bitterly about how the NGO’s are being pushed out of the way, because they woudln’t agree with the outcomes, which turn out to be (in part) the suggestion that people should drop tariffs and subsidies.
So where’s the issue with that?
I’ve an alternative theory on food prices.
See, Clinton today won enough votes in Pennsylvania to stay in the race. Not that she should have left had she lost.
What that means is that the Democrats get to slug it lot for that much longer.
So what does this have to do with the price of food. Well, my theory is that Republicans enjoying watching this fight so much, and are buying so much popcorn (you can’t watch something this entertaining without a large supply) that that’s what’s driving up the price.
Actually, that explains the price of butter too. Hm, I what salt’s doing?
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2019-04-24T22:21:12Z
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https://halfdone.wordpress.com/tag/price-of-food/
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Porn
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Shopping
| 0.490997 |
livejournal
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Okay, mosinging1986 blamed me for dragging her back to the Les Miserables side of teh intertubes... Dangit, I'm blamin' her for kicking off a musical binge! Currently listening to the soundtrack to Phantom of the Opera, with Cats likely to be the followup. After that, I don't know. Maybe one or the other of the Amici albums, or maybe E Nomine's Das Testement. Maybe Nox Arcana. Something powerful, and probably dark - I'm just in one of those moods, where something like that appeals.
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2019-04-24T12:05:26Z
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https://galadrion.livejournal.com/31567.html
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Porn
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| 0.838294 |
wordpress
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WELCOME TO THE ATOM SCHOOL OF MAGIC!
Apart from the usual performance that ATOM engages in, we also provide MAGIC COURSES and MAGIC WORKSHOPS for both individuals and groups. This is a popular demand service suggested by our loyal clients.
Some of our clients includes, Microsoft. (click here to see more).
ATOM’s Premium WTC (Workshops/Talks/Courses) are customizable and it generally involves team building and practical sessions. Every participants are guaranteed to learn Soft Skills which is highly applicable at work, school and even in social settings.
Each participate will also receive a Starter-Kit which includes imported high-quality materials and colored notes.
To find out more about the benefits of learning magic, visit ATOM Official Website.
We offer customized courses and themes for corporate companies, schools as well as churches.
Taught by a highly experienced award-winning magician. ATOM ensures you get the BEST out of your magic courses. No stones will be left unturned.
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2019-04-24T00:13:55Z
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https://magicatom.wordpress.com/magic-school-singapore-magician/
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Porn
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Business
| 0.73482 |
wordpress
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Billions and trillions are the best way to describe the travel and tourism sector. In 2013, for the first time in history, over a billion people travelled. They spent a trillion dollars. And in 2014, the World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC) says 1.4 billion people will travel.
Travel and tourism is like an iceberg. What most people see is only a seasonal tip of what’s happening in their community and around the world. It’s a vastly larger industry than the few months of summer – or winter if you’re a ski destination – that most locals assume.
Hotels, restaurants, car rental agencies, gift shops, tour companies, adventure suppliers, caterers, entertainers, and others couldn’t survive if they had to rely on a three-month season. This is something many in the public, as well as the political class, don’t understand.
To illustrate that lack of understanding by Canadian politicians we only have to look at their support for tourism marketing. Three years ago the Federal government supported the Canadian Tourism Commission’s (CTC) work with a $98 million budget. This year that is down to $58 million. Meanwhile the competition is upping their investments. New York State has a $60 million budget. Cash-strapped Haiti upped its spend by $4 million. Madagascar has allocated $500 million. Honduras identified tourism as a national priority.
While Canada is dropping in our international standing because of our reduced profile, others aren’t. We have dropped from 4th to 17th place on the list of places to go. Australia tourism up 6 percent last year. Ireland expects a 7.3 percent increase in 2014.
In the US travel is now the second largest growth sector after agriculture. Travel dramatically outpaced the rest of the economy for the year, growing more than three percent compared to 1.9 percent for all sectors.
In the meetings sector, Las Vegas saw a 21 percent growth in March 2014 conference attendees in year-over-year comparisons. And since Canada is their number one foreign market they increased their Toronto sales office from one to four sales reps. That was in June 2014.
It’s smart thinking on their part and should be worrisome for those dealing in the meetings sector because they may be taking Canadian business south and/or keeping some American and international business from coming north. And that is only one example of the increased international competition for business.
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2019-04-22T18:34:32Z
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https://destinationdoctor.wordpress.com/2014/11/
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Porn
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Business
| 0.988046 |
google
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A curable silicon composition, comprising (A) 100 parts by weight of an organopolysiloxane containing silicon-bonded aryl groups and at least two alkenyl groups per molecule, and having a viscosity of from 0.01 to 1,000 Pa.s at 25° C., wherein the aryl groups comprise from 1 to 40 mole % of the total silicon-bonded organic groups in the organopolysiloxane; (B) an organopolysiloxane having a viscosity of from 0.001 to 10 Pa.s at 25° C. and containing at least 2 silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms per molecule, in a quantity sufficient to cure the composition; (C) a platinum catalyst in a quantity sufficient to cure the composition; and (D) 0.00001 to 100 parts by weight of an organopolysiloxane having a viscosity of from 0.01 to 10,000 Pa.s at 25° C., with the proviso that when the organopolysiloxane contains aryl groups, the aryl groups comprise less than 1 mole % or more than 40 mole % of the total silicon-bonded organic groups in the organopolysiloxane, and wherein the organopolysiloxane cures to form a silicone having a complex modulus≦1×108 Pa at −65° C. and a shear frequency of 10 Hz or a cured silicone having a Young's modulus≦2.9×108 Pa at −65° C.
This invention relates to curable silicone compositions and to electronic components. More particularly, this invention relates to a curable silicone composition that prior to its cure exhibits an excellent degassing behavior and cures to give cured silicone that has an excellent stress-relaxing capacity at low temperatures. The invention additionally relates to highly thermal shock-resistant electronic components that use the subject curable silicone composition.
Platinum-catalyzed addition-curing silicone compositions are used as adhesives and sealant/filling agents for electronic components because they have the ability to cure rapidly upon heating or at room temperature with the formation of cured silicone gels or silicone rubbers that have excellent physical and electrical properties. Curable silicone compositions of this type can be exemplified as follows: the curable silicone composition for coating semiconductor elements taught in Japanese Patent Publication (Kokoku) Number Hei 4-2624 (2,624/1992) and comprising diorganovinylsilyl-endblocked dimethylsiloxane-methylphenylsiloxane copolymer, triorganosilyl-endblocked organohydrogenpolysiloxane, and a platinum catalyst; the adhesive taught in Japanese Patent Application Laid Open (Kokai or Unexamined) Number Hei 3-157474 (157,474/1991) and comprising organopolysiloxane containing at least 2 silicon-bonded alkenyl groups in each molecule, organopolysiloxane containing at least 2 silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms in each molecule, an organosilicon compound containing silicon-bonded alkoxy and silicon-bonded alkenyl or silicon-bonded hydrogen, and a platinum catalyst; and the molding material for electrical equipment taught by Japanese Patent Application Laid Open (Kokai or Unexamined) Number Hei 7-192929 (192,929/1995) that comprises vinyl-functional polyorganosiloxane, active hydrogen-containing organohydrogensiloxane, and curing catalyst and that cures to give a gel with a Young's modulus of 103 to 105 dyne/cm2.
The existing curable silicone compositions have recently proven unable to satisfy the demands imposed by the miniaturization of electronic components and the desire for productivity improvements. Thus, while curable silicone compositions as taught in Japanese Patent Publication (Kokoku) Number Hei 4-2624 do provide cured silicone with an excellent stress-relaxing capacity at low temperatures, compositions of this type nevertheless have a very poor degassing behavior and as a result cannot support the highly efficient production of electronic components. In addition, the entrapped bubbles prevent substantial improvements in electronic component reliability. In the case of the cured silicone gels afforded by the cure of a curable silicone composition as taught in Japanese Patent Application Laid Open (Kokai or Unexamined) Number Hei 7-192929, these gels exhibit an excellent stress-relaxing capacity at ambient temperature, but at low temperatures suffer from a diminished stress-relaxing capacity and hence are unable to provide improvements in electronic component reliability.
The inventors achieved the present invention as a result of extensive research directed to solving the problems described above.
One object of the present invention is to provide a curable silicone composition that prior to its cure exhibits an excellent degassing behavior and that cures to give cured silicone that has an excellent stress-relaxing capacity at low temperatures. Another object of the present invention is to provide highly thermal shock-resistant electronic components that use the subject curable silicone composition.
(D) 0.00001 to 100 parts by weight of an organopolysiloxane having a viscosity of from 0.01 to 10,000 Pa.s at 25° C., with the proviso that when the organopolysiloxane contains aryl groups, the aryl groups comprise less than 1 mole % or more than 40 mole % of the total silicon-bonded organic groups in the organopolysiloxane, and wherein the organopolysiloxane cures to form a silicone having a complex modulus≦1×108 Pa at −65° C. and a shear frequency of 10 Hz or a cured silicone having a Young's modulus≦2.9×108 Pa at −65° C.
The present invention is also directed to an electronic component, comprising a semiconductor chip, a semiconductor chip attachment element bonded by an adhesive to the semiconductor chip, at least one member that electrically connects the semiconductor chip with the semiconductor chip attachment element, wherein at least a portion of the member is sealed or imbedded with a sealant/filling agent, and at least one of the adhesive and the sealant/filling agent is the curable silicone composition described above.
FIG. 1 contains the cross section of an IC that is one example of an electronic component according to the present invention.
The curable silicone composition according to the present invention will be explained in detail first. Component (A) is an organopolysiloxane containing silicon-bonded aryl groups and having a viscosity at 25° C. of 0.01 to 1,000 Pa.s. The aryl groups must comprise from 1 to 40 mole % of the total silicon-bonded organic groups in this organopolysiloxane, and each molecule of the organopolysiloxane must also contain at least 2 alkenyl groups. The viscosity of component (A) at 25° C. must be within the above-specified range: the cured silicone obtained at viscosities below the given lower limit has a poor mechanical strength, while the curable silicone composition obtained at viscosities above the given upper limit has poor handling properties. The silicon-bonded organic groups in component (A) are exemplified by substituted and unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon groups, e.g., alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, and so forth; alkenyl groups such as vinyl, allyl, butenyl, pentenyl, hexenyl, and so forth; aryl groups such as phenyl, tolyl, xylyl, and so forth; and halogenated alkyl groups such as 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, and so forth. The aryl group must comprise from 1 to 40 mole % and preferably comprises from 1 to 25 mole % of the total of these organic groups. The molecular structure of the subject component (A) is exemplified by straight-chain, partially branched straight-chain, branched-chain, cyclic, and resin structures. A straight-chain molecular structure is preferred for the purpose of forming a cured silicone gel or cured silicone rubber.
The organopolysiloxane (B) is the crosslinker for the composition under consideration. It must have a viscosity at 25° C. from 0.001 to 10 Pa.s and must contain at least 2 silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms in each molecule. The viscosity of component (B) at 25° C. must be within the above-specified range: the cured silicone obtained at viscosities below the given lower limit has a poor mechanical strength, while the curable silicone composition obtained at viscosities above the given upper limit has poor handling properties. The silicon-bonded organic groups in component (B) are exemplified by substituted and unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon groups, e.g., alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, and so forth; aryl groups such as phenyl, tolyl, xylyl, and so forth; and halogenated alkyl groups such as 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, and so forth. The molecular structure of the subject component (B) is exemplified by straight-chain, partially branched straight-chain, branched-chain, cyclic, and resin structures.
Component (B) is added to the composition under consideration in a quantity sufficient to cure the composition. For example, when the organopolysiloxane (D) lacks alkenyl, component (B) is preferably added in a quantity that provides from 0.3 to 10 moles silicon-bonded hydrogen in component (B) per 1 mole alkenyl in component (A). When the organopolysiloxane (D) does contain alkenyl, component (B) is preferably added in a quantity that provides from 0.3 to 10 moles silicon-bonded hydrogen in component (B) per 1 mole of the total alkenyl in components (A) and (D). The obtained composition will exhibit a progressively unsatisfactory cure as the amount of SiH from component (B) declines below 0.3 mole per 1 mole alkenyl in component (A) or total alkenyl in components (A) and (D). The ultimately obtained cured silicone has an increasingly poor mechanical strength as the amount of SiH from component (B) increases above 10 moles per 1 mole alkenyl in component (A) or total alkenyl in components (A) and (D).
The platinum catalyst (C) is a catalyst of the addition reaction-based cure of the instant composition. The catalyst (C) is exemplified by platinum black, platinum supported on silica micropowder, platinum supported on activated carbon, platinum supported on alumina powder, chloroplatinic acid, alcohol solutions of chloroplatinic acid, platinum-olefin complexes, platinum-alkenylsiloxane complexes, and thermoplastic resin powder (particle size≦10 μm) containing platinum catalyst as listed in the preceding. The thermoplastic resin used for such platinum catalyst-loaded thermoplastic resin powders is exemplified by polystyrene resins, nylon resins, polycarbonate resins, silicone resins, and the like.
Component (C) is added to the instant composition in a quantity sufficient to cure the composition. In specific terms, component (C) is preferably added in an amount that provides from 1 to 1,000 weight-ppm platinum metal in component (C) based on the total amount of components (A), (B), and (D).
The organopolysiloxane (D) is added in order to improve the degassing behavior of the instant composition without impairing the low-temperature stress-relaxing capacity of the cured silicone afforded by the cure of the composition. The viscosity of component (D) at 25° C. should be within the range from 0.01 to 10,000 Pa.s. At below the specified lower limit one encounters such problems as a decline in the degassing behavior of the corresponding curable silicone composition and a poor mechanical strength in the ultimately obtained cured silicone. At above the specified upper limit one encounters such problems as poor handling properties and an impaired degassing behavior in the corresponding curable silicone composition. The silicon-bonded organic groups in component (D) are exemplified by substituted and unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon groups, e.g., by alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, and so forth; alkenyl groups such as vinyl, allyl, butenyl, pentenyl, hexenyl, and so forth; aryl groups such as phenyl, tolyl, xylyl, and so forth; and halogenated alkyl groups such as 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, and so forth. In the case of component (D), the aryl group must comprise less than 1 mole % or more than 40 mole % of the total of these organic groups. An organopolysiloxane (D) in which aryl comprises from 1 to 40 mole % of the total silicon-bonded organic groups will be compatible with component (A), which will make it impossible to obtain improvement in the degassing behavior of the corresponding curable silicone composition. Alkenyl may be bonded to the silicon in component (D) and in fact at least 2 alkenyl groups are preferably present in each molecule based on such considerations as outmigration from the cured silicone. The molecular structure of the subject component (D) is exemplified by straight-chain, partially branched straight-chain, branched-chain, cyclic, and resin structures. Straight-chain and branched-chain structures are preferred for the good degassing behavior they confer on the composition under consideration.
Component (D) must be added to the composition under consideration within the range from 0.00001 to 100 weight parts, preferably from 0.0001 to 50 weight parts, more preferably from 0.001 to 50 weight parts, and particularly preferably from 0.005 to 50 weight parts, in each case per 100 weight parts component (A). The curable silicone composition will exhibit a progressive deterioration in degassing behavior as the addition of component (D) declines below the specified lower limit, while exceeding the specified upper limit leads to a progressive decline in the low-temperature stress-relaxing capacity of the cured silicone afforded by the cure of the corresponding curable silicone composition.
An addition-reaction inhibitor may be added to the composition under consideration in order to improve its handling properties. This addition-reaction inhibitor is exemplified by alkyne alcohols such as 3-methyl-1-butyn-3-ol, 3,5-dimethyl-1-hexyn-3-ol, 3-phenyl-1-butyn-3-ol, and the like; ene-yne compounds such as 3-methyl-3-penten-1-yne, 3,5-dimethyl-3-hexen-1-yne, and the like; 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-1,3,5,7-tetravinylcyclotetrasiloxane; 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-1,3,5,7-tetrahexenylcyclotetrasiloxane; benzotriazole; and so forth. The addition-reaction inhibitor is preferably added at from 10 to 50,000 weight-ppm based on the total amount of components (A) and (B).
The instant composition may also contain other optional components such as adhesion promoters; heat stabilizers; flame retardants; colorants; electrically conductive fillers; thermally conductive fillers; thixotropy-conferring additives; solvents; inorganic fillers, e.g., fumed silica, precipitated silica, crystalline silica, fumed titanium oxide, alumina, titanium oxide, glass, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, silver, nickel, and copper; and the inorganic fillers afforded by treating the surface of an inorganic filler as listed above with organoalkoxysilane (e.g., methyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, and N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane), organochlorosilane (e.g., methyltrichlorosilane, dimethyldichlorosilane, and trimethylchlorosilane), silazane (e.g., 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyldisilazane and 1,1,3,3,5,5-hexamethylcyclotrisilazane), or organosiloxane oligomer (e.g., silanol-endblocked dimethylsiloxane oligomer, silanol-endblocked methylvinylsiloxane oligomer, and silanol-endblocked methylphenylsiloxane oligomer).
The cure of the composition comprising the components described hereinabove should give cured silicone with a complex modulus≦1×108 Pa, preferably from 1×108 Pa to 1×102 Pa, and particularly preferably from 1×107 Pa to 1×102 Pa, in each case at −65° C. and a shear frequency of 10 Hz, or cured silicone with a Young's modulus≦2.9×108 Pa, preferably from 2.9×108 Pa to 98 Pa, and particularly preferably from 2.9×108 Pa to 9.8×103 Pa, in each case at −65° C. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the instant composition, its cure provides cured silicone with a complex modulus≦1×108 Pa (−65° C., shear frequency=10 Hz) and a Young's modulus≦2.9×108 Pa (−65° C.). An excellent low-temperature stress-relaxing capacity cannot be obtained when the curable silicone composition forms cured silicone with a complex modulus exceeding the specified upper limit at −65° C. and a 10 Hz shear frequency or forms cured silicone with a Young's modulus exceeding the specified upper limit at −65° C. And when such a curable silicone composition is used as an adhesive or sealant/filling agent in electronic component fabrication, the resulting electronic component will have an unsatisfactory thermal shock resistance. On the other hand, while a curable silicone composition that forms cured silicone with a complex modulus (−65° C., 10 Hz shear frequency) below the specified lower limit or cured silicone with a Young's modulus (−65° C.) below the specified lower limit does provide an excellent low-temperature stress-relaxing capacity, such a composition also has a low mechanical strength, and its use as an adhesive or sealant/filling agent in electronic component fabrication results in a tendency for the reliability of the resulting electronic component to decline. The complex modulus at −65° C. and a shear frequency of 10 Hz and the Young's modulus at −65° C. of the cured silicone under discussion can be determined by measurement using a dynamic viscoelasticity test instrument or tensile tester on strip or disk specimens.
The electronic component according to the present invention will now be explained in greater detail below. The electronic component according to the present invention comprises electronic components in which a semiconductor chip is bonded by an adhesive to a chip attachment element and at least a portion of the member that electrically connects said chip with the interconnects on said chip attachment element is sealed or embedded with a sealant/filling agent. The electronic component according to the present invention can be exemplified by integrated circuits, large-scale integrated circuits, and very large-scale integrated circuits. An example of the electronic component under consideration is displayed in FIG. 1, and the electronic component according to the present invention will be explained in greater detail with reference to this figure.
In the electronic component shown in FIG. 1, a semiconductor chip 1 has been face-to-face bonded to a semiconductor chip attachment element 2 (the “circuit substrate” in the figure) using an adhesive 3. Interconnects 4 have been formed on the surface of the semiconductor chip attachment element 2 facing the semiconductor chip 1, and these interconnects 4 and the semiconductor chip 1 have been electrically connected by the bumps 5. A portion or all of the bump 5 has been sealed or embedded with a sealant/filling agent 6. Leads that electrically connect to the interconnects 4 have been provided for the electronic component shown in FIG. 1 in order to mount this electronic component on a substrate. Although not shown in FIG. 1, the semiconductor chip 1 may be sealed with a resin sealant.
Neither the semiconductor chip nor the semiconductor chip attachment element are critical for the electronic component according to the present invention. The subject semiconductor chip attachment element can be made of, for example, a ceramic such as alumina, glass, and the like; an organic resin such as epoxy resin, glass fiber-reinforced epoxy resin, polyimide resin, bismaleimide triazine resin, and the like; or a metal such as stainless steel, copper, and the like. This element can be, for example, a rigid circuit substrate or chip carrier or a flexible circuit substrate or chip carrier. The interconnects can be formed on the surface of or within the semiconductor chip attachment element by such means as printing, vapor deposition, gluing, lamination, plating, and the like. In addition, outer connection terminals, such as a ball grid of solder balls or a pin grid, and other electrical elements and electrical components may also be mounted or provided. Bonding wires, leads, and bumps are examples of the member that electrically connects the semiconductor chip with the interconnects on its semiconductor chip attachment element. In order to relax the stresses acting on this member when the electronic component is subjected to thermal stresses, the use is preferred for this member of curved, bent, or flexed bonding wires or leads, or of bumps made of material with a low Young's modulus.
The electronic component according to the present invention is characterized in that the adhesive that bonds the semiconductor chip to the chip attachment element and/or the sealant/filling agent that seals or embeds the member that electrically connects the semiconductor chip and the interconnects on the chip attachment element is a curable silicone composition that affords cured silicone with a complex modulus less than or equal to 1×108 Pa, preferably from 1×108 Pa to 1×102 Pa, and particularly preferably from 1×107 Pa to 1×102 Pa, in each case at −65° C. and a shear frequency of 10 Hz, or cured silicone with a Young's modulus less than or equal to 2.9×108 Pa, preferably from 2.9×108 Pa to 98 Pa, and particularly preferably from 2.9×108 Pa to 9.8×103 Pa, in each case at −65° C. The reason for specifying these ranges is that a reduced resistance to thermal shock occurs when the adhesive and/or sealant/filling agent used for electronic component fabrication is a curable silicone composition that forms cured silicone with a complex modulus exceeding the specified upper limit at −65° C. and a shear frequency of 10 Hz or cured silicone with a Young's modulus exceeding the specified upper limit at −65° C. When an electronic component fabricated using such an adhesive and/or sealant/filling agent is subjected to thermal shock, the stresses generated by expansion and contraction due to differences in the thermal expansion coefficients among the semiconductor chip, its attachment element, and other structural members ultimately cause deformation and debonding of the member electrically connecting the semiconductor chip with the interconnects on its attachment element as well as warpage, deformation, and cracking of the semiconductor chip and hence in the reduced resistance to thermal shock. On the other hand, an excellent low-temperature stress-relaxing capacity is obtained from a curable silicone composition that forms cured silicone having a complex modulus (−65° C., 10 Hz shear frequency) below the specified lower limit or cured silicone having a Young's modulus (−65° C.) below the specified lower limit. However, such a composition also provides a low mechanical strength and as a consequence tends to cause a reduced component reliability when employed as the adhesive or sealant/filling agent in electronic component fabrication.
The process for fabricating electronic components according to the present invention is not a critical consideration. The electronic component shown in FIG. 1 can be fabricated, for example, as follows. The semiconductor chip 1 is first attached face-to-face on the semiconductor chip attachment element 2 using an adhesive composition and this adhesive composition is then cured. The interconnects 4 on the semiconductor chip attachment element 2 are subsequently electrically connected by the bumps 5 to the semiconductor chip 1. This connection may also be carried out prior to the aforementioned cure of the adhesive composition. A portion or all of the bump 5 is thereafter sealed or embedded with a sealant/filling agent composition and the sealant/filling agent composition is cured. The bumps 5 that electrically connect the semiconductor chip 1 to the interconnects 4 on the chip attachment element 2 can be sealed or embedded by the above-described curable silicone composition by, for example, heating the curable silicone composition with a hot gas current or heat rays. A frame 7 may be provided in order to prevent outflow of the sealant/filling agent and at the same time protect the semiconductor chip 1 from external forces. The adhesive is preferably bonded to or in intimate contact with the sealant/filling agent in the electronic component according to the present invention. The sealant/filling agent is also preferably bonded to or in intimate contact with the bump 5 that electrically connects semiconductor chip 1 and the interconnects 4 on the semiconductor chip attachment element 2.
The curable silicone composition and electronic component according to the present invention will be explained below in greater detail through working examples. The viscosity values reported in the examples were measured at 25° C. using a rotational viscometer with a single-cylinder geometry.
The curable silicone composition was first stirred at 200 rpm for 5 minutes with a blade stirrer and was then degassed at 5 mmHg for 5 minutes. The degassing behavior of the curable silicone composition during this process was visually inspected.
A semiconductor chip 1 was aligned and affixed face down on a region on a semiconductor chip attachment element 2 that had been coated with adhesive 3 by screen printing and the adhesive 3 was cured by heating at 150° C. for 30 minutes. Bumps 5 electrically connected to the interconnects 4 on the semiconductor chip attachment element 2 were connected to bonding pads on the semiconductor chip 1. A prescribed amount of a sealant/filling agent 6 was then applied from a dispenser into the volume encompassed by the semiconductor chip 1, the semiconductor chip attachment element 2, the adhesive 3, and the frame 7, and vacuum impregnation was run at 10 torr in order to carry out sealing/embedding with sealant/filling agent 6 without entrapping air bubbles throughout the entire volume encompassing the bumps 5. The degassing behavior of the curable silicone composition used as the sealant/filling agent was monitored during this process. The sealant/filling agent 6 was then cured by heating at 150° C. for 30 minutes. Twenty electronic components were fabricated by the described method.
The electronic components were subjected to thermal cycle testing (1,000 and 3,000 cycles, one cycle=30 minutes at −65° C. and 30 minutes at +150° C. ), after which electrical continuity testing was run using the ends of the interconnects 4. The defect percentage was determined based on the number of electronic components with continuity defects.
(D) 10.0 weight parts dimethylvinylsiloxy-endblocked dimethylpolysiloxane with a viscosity of 20 Pa.s and a vinyl content of 0.1 weight %; and as optional components, 0.01 weight part addition-reaction inhibitor (3-phenyl-1-butyn-3-ol); 1.0 weight part adhesion promoter consisting of a 1:1 (weight ratio) mixture of 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and dimethylhydroxysiloxy-endblocked methylvinylpolysiloxane with a viscosity of 0.04 Pa.s; and 40 weight parts inorganic filler (silica micropowder with an average particle size of 1.0 μm).
Heating this curable silicone composition at 150° C. for 30 minutes gave a silicone rubber with a JIS A durometer of 40 at room temperature. This silicone rubber had a complex modulus at −65° C. and a 10 Hz shear frequency of 2×106 Pa and a Young's modulus at −65° C. of 5.4×106 Pa.
Electronic components as shown in FIG. 1 were fabricated using this curable silicone composition as the adhesive and sealant/filling agent. Table 1 reports the results from the evaluation of the degassing behavior of the curable silicone composition and the thermal shock resistance of the electronic components.
Heating this curable silicone composition at 150° C. for 30 minutes gave a silicone rubber with a JIS A durometer of 40 at room temperature. This silicone rubber had a complex modulus at −65° C. and a 10 Hz shear frequency of 1.5×108 Pa and a Young's modulus at −65° C. of 3.9×108 Pa.
(D) 10.0 weight parts branched-chain dimethylpolysiloxane endblocked by dimethylvinylsiloxy and trimethylsiloxy and having a viscosity of 0.40 Pa.s and a vinyl content of 0.2 weight %; and as optional components, 0.01 weight part addition-reaction inhibitor (3-phenyl-1-butyn-3-ol); 1.0 weight part adhesion promoter consisting of a 1:1 (weight ratio) mixture of 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and dimethylhydroxysiloxy-endblocked methylvinylpolysiloxane with a viscosity of 0.04 Pa.s; and 40 weight parts inorganic filler (silica micropowder with an average particle size of 1.0 μm).
Heating this curable silicone composition at 150° C. for 30 minutes gave a silicone rubber with a JIS A durometer of 42 at room temperature. This silicone rubber had a complex modulus at −65° C. and a 10 Hz shear frequency of 2.7×106 Pa and a Young's modulus at −65° C. of 6.9×106 Pa.
Heating this curable silicone composition at 150° C. for 30 minutes gave a silicone rubber with a JIS A durometer of 42 at room temperature. This silicone rubber had a complex modulus at −65° C. and a 10 Hz shear frequency of 3.8×108 Pa and a Young's modulus at −65° C. of 8.3×108 Pa.
Electronic components as shown in FIG. 1 were fabricated using the curable silicone composition prepared in Example 1 as the adhesive and using the curable silicone composition prepared in Comparative Example 1 as the sealant/filling agent. Table 1 reports the results from the evaluation of the thermal shock resistance of the resulting electronic components.
Electronic components as shown in FIG. 1 were fabricated using the curable silicone composition prepared in Comparative Example 1 as the adhesive and using the curable silicone composition prepared in Example 1 as the sealant/filling agent. Table 1 reports the results from the evaluation of the thermal shock resistance of the resulting electronic components.
A curable silicone composition with a viscosity of 17 Pa.s was prepared according to the procedure in Example 1, but in this case omitting the 10.0 weight parts dimethylvinylsiloxy-endblocked dimethylpolysiloxane (viscosity=20 Pa.s, vinyl content=0.1 weight %) used as component (D) in the curable silicone composition prepared in Example 1.
Heating this curable silicone composition at 150° C. for 30 minutes gave a silicone rubber with a JIS A durometer of 45 at room temperature. This silicone rubber had a complex modulus at −65° C. and a 10 Hz shear frequency of 1.5×106 Pa and a Young's modulus at −65° C. of 3.4×106 Pa.
(D) 0.01 weight part dimethylvinylsiloxy-endblocked dimethylpolysiloxane with a viscosity of 100 Pa.s and a vinyl content of 0.06 weight %; and as optional components, 0.01 weight part addition-reaction inhibitor (3-phenyl-1-butyn-3-ol); 1.0 weight part adhesion promoter consisting of a 1:1 (weight ratio) mixture of 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and dimethylhydroxysiloxy-endblocked methylvinylpolysiloxane with a viscosity of 0.040 Pa.s; and 40 weight parts inorganic filler (silica micropowder with an average particle size of 1.0 μm).
Heating this curable silicone composition at 150° C. for 30 minutes gave a silicone rubber with a JIS A durometer of 22 at room temperature. This silicone rubber had a complex modulus at −65° C. and a 10 Hz shear frequency of 3.0×105 Pa and a Young's modulus at −65° C. of 7.8×105 Pa.
present invention Comp. Comp. Comp.
The curable silicone composition according to the present invention is characterized by an excellent degassing behavior prior to cure and by the ability to cure to give cured silicone that has an excellent stress-relaxing capacity at low temperatures. Electronic components according to the present invention are characterized by an excellent thermal shock resistance as a consequence of the use therein of the curable silicone composition according to the present invention.
2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the aryl groups in component (A) comprise from 1 to 25 mole % of the total silicon-bonded organic groups in the organopolysiloxane.
3. The composition according to claim 1, wherein component (A) has a straight-chain molecular structure.
4. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the quantity of component (B) is sufficient to provide from 0.3 to 10 moles of silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms per 1 mole of total alkenyl groups in components (A) and (D).
5. The composition according to claim 1, wherein component (D) contains at least 2 alkenyl groups per molecule.
6. The composition according to claim 1, wherein component (D) has a molecular structure selected from the group consisting of straight-chain and branched-chain.
7. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the amount of component (D) is from 0.0001 to 50 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of component (A).
8. The composition according to claim 1, further comprising an addition-reaction inhibitor.
9. The composition according to claim 1, further comprising an adhesion promoter.
10. The composition according to claim 9, wherein the adhesion promoter comprises a mixture of 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and a dimethylhydroxysiloxy-endbolcked methylvinylpolysiloxane having a viscosity of about 0.040 Pa.s.
11. The composition according to claim 1, further comprising an inorganic filler.
12. The composition according to claim 11, wherein the organic filler is a silica.
13. An electronic component, comprising: a semiconductor chip, a semiconductor chip attachment element bonded by an adhesive to the semiconductor chip, at least one member that electrically connects the semiconductor chip with the semiconductor chip attachment element, wherein at least a portion of the member is sealed or imbedded with a sealant/filling agent, and at least one of the adhesive and the sealant/filling agent is the curable silicone composition of claim 1.
14. The electronic component according to claim 13, wherein the component is an integrated circuit, a large-scale integrated circuit, or a very large-scale integrated circuit.
15. The electronic component according to claim 13, wherein the semiconductor chip attachment element is a ceramic, an organic resin, or a metal.
16. The electronic component according to claim 13, wherein the member that electrically connects the semiconductor chip with the semiconductor chip attachment element is a bonding wire, a lead, or a bump.
17. The electronic component according to claim 16, wherein the bonding wire and lead are curved, bent, or flexed and wherein the bump is made of a material having a low Young's modulus.
18. The electronic component according to claim 13, wherein both the adhesive and the sealant/filling agent are the curable silicone composition of claim 1.
(v) curing the sealant/filling agent; wherein at least one of the adhesive and the sealant/filling agent is the curable silicone composition of claim 1.
20. The process according to claim 19, wherein step (iii) is performed before step (ii).
21. The process according to claim 19, wherein both the adhesive and the sealing/filling agent are the curable silicone composition of claim 1.
22. The process according to claim 19, wherein the member that electrically connects the semiconductor chip with the semiconductor chip attachment element is sealed by heating the curable silicone composition.
23. The process according to claim 19, wherein the adhesive is bonded to or in intimate contact with the sealant/filling agent in the electronic component.
24. The process according to claim 19, wherein the sealant/filling agent is bonded to or in intimate contact with the member that electrically connects the semiconductor chip with the semiconductor chip attachment element.
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2019-04-23T07:32:57Z
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https://patents.google.com/patent/US6225433B1/en
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This entry was posted on January 4, 2010 at 3:40 am and is filed under Changing the World. Tagged: Acanac, Accelerated Connections, AEBC, Airnet, apexia, Auracom, bell canada, Broadline Networks, Caneris, Compu-SOLVE, CRTC, Diallog, Egate, Electronicbox, Execulink, families, Fidalia, goZOOM, Ikano, in the wind, Independent ISPs, infrastructure investment, Interlink, internet cap, ISP.ca, KOS, Lightspeed, Merge Internet, MNSi, MTS Allstream, NINA-IT, Odynet, Primus, public service blog, reference, Skywaywest, SmarttNet, START Communications, SureNet, Teksavvy, Telinet, Telnet, The Internet Centre, Throttling, UBB, upgrade, usage based billing, Vianet, Wightman, Yak. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
Sounds interesting. I signed up.
I do, however have a *really good* spam filter I’ve been training for years.
Since there’s no privacy protection offered on your site, I can’t recommend others to sign unless their security is as good as mine.
An ISP can pay $3,500/month (sometimes higher) for a DS3 which gives 44Mb of room. $3,500/44 = That comes out to just over $79.00 per Mb! So, if a customer is to say “I should ALWAYS get my full 6Mb without any over-subscription, they would have to fairly pay $79.00 x 6 = $474.00/mo. I’m thinking that isn’t going to happen. The solution used to be over-subscription as internet traffic fluctuated a lot. Now days, it still fluctuate, but it is doing so MUCH less with movies being streamed and site using flash etc. Also, don’t forget, a network-wide upgrade to support fiber and other technologies such as faster DSL or wireless can cost close to a $1million for a business of less than 4,000.
With usage based billing, it’s simply closing the gap of the high user (that would fairly pay up to $400+/mo for their service) and the low user that doesn’t use that much at all. I do believe there should be plenty of bandwidth included in you “package”. I have found that 200Gb/mo can give you multiple movies a day and tons of browsing and email. I also believe or except that if I’m pulling 400Gb a month, given the math above, it only makes sense I have to pay more for the extra and decide if that extra bandwidth is worth the money.
It should stay reasonable (which I do believe 150-250Gb/mo is), but common people, the ISP (especially smaller ones) have to make some profit to stay in business. Hopefully the simple above math can put that into perspective as I don’t believe anyone is willing to pay the same amount/Mb that the ISP pays and if that is so, you agree to over-subscription…. and if THAT is so you recognize that if over-subscription is becoming less possible then the costs have to compensate… right?
If customers are paying for 6 megabytes that what they should get. If they are not getting it, they are being defrauded. I was shocked to learn from some University students that Rogers routinely cuts them off of they stray over their cap. The CRTC should be protecting Canadian Internet users from being gouged by ISPs. Instead the CRTC gave the Carrier/ISPs permission to “throttle” users by artificially inflating their bandwidth use, so adding UBB into the mix means that users will be paying for bandwidth they don’t get.
You’re talking about the amount of digital “room” dictating cost, which is simply wrong. I may not be a tech person, but I know very well that the cost of digital storage has fallen through the floor. A quick check of the Canada Computers website shows me I could pick up a 2TeraByte drive right now for $129.00. This is amazing for someone whose first three thousand dollar computer didn’t even come with a hard drive. If If Bell had upgraded their infrastructure to get back into the leading edge five years ago, it would have cost substantially more than if Bell were to do the same thing today. The technology has become better and faster with a steadily decreasing price tag.
Though I’m not a math person, even I can tell your numbers are off. FUD aside, after infrastructure costs, bandwidth costs next to nothing. Since Bell has not been upgrading, what have they been doing instead? A few years back Bell tried to start their own pay-per-download service at around the time they were caught throttling other people’s downloads. (It’s no wonder Bell’s download business tanked.) Another thing Bell clearly spends time on is CRTC lobbying. And just skimming through the CBC online site you’ll find that Bell’s lawyers spend a great deal of time in court. I’d be willing to guess that their investors are pleased with the dividends they get.
I really don’t know where you got your numbers from, Luke, but the Independent ISPs have been able to do very well indeed by offering much higher limits than either Bell or Rogers and offering this service at a fraction of the price, and of this more than half of what they charge customers is paid to Bell for G.A.S. I don’t see evidence of this “over-subscription” sounds rather like a shell game. Any business model based on selling what you don’t have is not going to be stable. The only problem looming over the Independent ISPs would be the implementation of Usage Based Billing.
Your understanding of how bandwidth is portioned out is in error. I suggest you read more of the site to get a better understanding of what this is all about.
The inflationary fees Canadians have been paying should have easily covered upgrading the infrastructure many times over.
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2019-04-21T22:49:43Z
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https://stopusagebasedbilling.wordpress.com/2010/01/04/speculation-not-prophecy/
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To be honest, the question had never occurred to me before. I don’t normally drink whiskey, and that subtlety is something I never noticed. Combined with the fact I can’t spell out a simple paragraph without a spelling/grammar checker nagging me at every tenth word, I was at a loss.
Normally, it’s bad form to answer the main question a mere 100 words into a post. Why lose the suspense? But I’m gonna anyway.
In Ireland, our host was proud to proclaim the correct spelling included the ‘e’. He also bragged up techniques for making the Irish libation he claimed made it superior.
The Scots have their own opinion. While in Scotland we made an excursion to find out what that is.
15 miles north of Glasgow, we found the Scots answer to the Irish at Glengoyne Distillery.
After warming us up with a shot of whisky, er, make that a wee dram of Scotch, our spirited hosts showed us around.
We learned that Scotch Whisky (yes, that’s whisky without an ‘e’) is made primarily from barley. In fact, the initial stages of making scotch reminds me of my own brewing process when making beer.
The illustration above shows the malting process for barley. First, they moisten the grains, then give them a few days to germinate. The grains are raked during germination to control temperatures. This stage is rather important; it releases enzymes and softens up the starches, turning all those little rock hard barley grains into something that is more easily crushed and mashed to release their sugars.
The right side of the picture shows a fire under a basket. This fire halts the germination and roasts the barley. The level of roasting affects the flavor of the grain. For the Scottish malting process, they’ll also use peat as a fuel for the roasting stage. This imparts smoky flavors – how much depends on how long they use the peat and the type of peat used.
And no, I don’t malt barley when I brew; I buy it pre-malted. Scottish breweries don’t make their own malted barley either, malting is a business in its own right.
The Irish, for the most part, don’t use peat in the malting process.
Historically, the Irish were poorer than the Scots and couldn’t afford pure barley for the brew; they needed to augment it with other grains, depending on what was available. In time, some of these brewers moved the United States where they had similar issues; barley wasn’t easily grown in the Kentucky and Tennessee areas where they landed, and they too needed to augment their grains. And although the grains used and processes and the brew have evolved differently from the Irish homeland, the name remains: for Americans, it’s whiskey with an ‘e’.
The next bit after malting is like making beer; mashing the grain.
This is nothing like mashing potatoes. Mashing for whisk(e)y and beer involves mixing crushed malted grain with water, making a slurry that looks like oatmeal. The water is held at set temperatures that make those all-important enzymes mentioned earlier happy. Happy enzymes do chemical magic: they convert sugars from starches. There are variations on this process, but that’s the gist. Once the conversion is done, the sweet liquid wort is separated from the spent grains.
Fermentation occurs next. After the mash, in the beer process we do a boil and add hops. Whiskey doesn’t have hops, but in both cases the wort is cooled to a temperature amenable to yeast.
Those tiny little yeast beasties are the real brewers, they’re the ones that convert the sugars to alcohol. This takes a few weeks, and the yeasts are different between beer and whiskey, but the result is the same. Whiskey ends this stage with a higher alcohol content than beer, but its mere fumes will not make your eyes water just yet.
This is where making whiskey departs from making beer. Distillation.
Distillation is done by boiling the brew and causing it to evaporate in cooler piping. This concentrates the alcohol.
Following up on the idea anything worth doing is worth redoing, they run the results through the process again. For the Irish even this isn’t good enough, they distill it yet a third time – this provides lighter and smoother booze.
I understand that the best results from distillation are in the middle stages; flavors and bouquet are better. The good stuff is pulled off, the early and late stage results are routed into another distillation cycle.
Although this is done in a still, it’s still not done.
Once pulled off, the spirits are stored in oak casks. Here they age for at least three years and as much as 40 plus years. During this time the whiskey picks up flavor from the oak, the environment, and whatever chemistry the temperature and humidity imparts.
Because of this, about two percent of the keg contents evaporates away each year. These losses are called the “angels share” and are one reason older vintages are more expensive.
Illustration of how time spent in the keg affects the color and shows the angels share.
Is Irish Whiskey better than Scotch Whisky? Is American Whiskey as good as either? Does it matter how it’s spelled?
These are questions I’ll leave the whiskey/whisky fans to argue. Being a beer or wine sort of guy I recuse myself from the discussion. For me, the biggest challenge is to remember who spells it which way. I’ve heard the Scots are economical, perhaps that’s the ticket: they’ve worked out a way to spell whisky using fewer letters.
I enjoyed the comparison of the Irish and Scot distillation methods and close look at preparation of the mash. Thanks, Dave.
Starting with a spelling demon you created a wonderful post on the making of whisky, Dave. As you can see, I use the Scottish spelling. Haha! Have a great week!
It looks like posts on the making and spelling of whisky, like the beverage itself, may be an acquired taste. Have a good week, Peter, perhaps with a no ‘e’ whisky chaser.
Interesting! and nice photos, especially the curving road, and the little sluice.
No wonder this stuff is so expensive, losing two percent/year for thirty or forty years. The “angel’s share” really adds up, and those angels must be doing barrel rolls up there, after inhaling all that.
I also liked those two photos from the excursion, and wondered how to work them into the piece.
Now we know why angels have halos (they’re pretty lit), and why their breath smells of spirits.
I’ve never developed a taste for whiskey (nor was I quite sure how to spell it!), as I mostly drink wine. But it was interesting to read your post and learn so much more about how it’s made, and I do know that it’s a very popular drink in Scotland.
I have been watching the whiskey making process for quite a few years. My son and his high school buddy started Loon Liquors about eight years ago.
I remember you mentioned your son was a distiller in earlier comments. I’m sure you know more about it than me just from watching and chatting with junior, pretty everything I know is embedded in this post.
Very interesting! I enjoyed this, having very recently developed a pallet for whiskey (guess I use the Irish spelling!). Lovely photos too.
I’ve never really explored whiskey, apart from an unfortunate experience or two when I was young and foolish. Now that I’ve educated my palate with beer and wine, maybe I should explore it (except I’m still not big on the flavor.) Happy exploring!
I thought the spelling depended on how many glasses you’d had that evening.
If poor spelling is an indicator of inebriation, I must live in a permanent state of drunkenness. (And yes, the spell checker told me I misspelled three words in that last sentence, and misspelled “mispelled”. I’ll probably have a literary hangover in the morning.
Super interesting, Dave. The aging illustration with the different barrels and the amount of the angel’s share over time really drives home the concept. Do the Scots and Irish drink their whisk(e)y straight or on-the-rocks?
I think they drink it with a little water mixed in, but I’m no expert.
I’ve never thought about the spelling before, but if both are acceptable then I guess it doesn’t matter. I don’t usually like whiskey but I’ve tried some Scotch (in Scotland!) that is so smooth. Love that first photo of the road. So dreamy.
I only had just the one shot (ok, two, my wife doesn’t like whisky at all and I got hers.) For the rest of the trip I was looking for a good Scottish Ale, one of my favorite styles, with the occasional Guinness for variety.
I shot the road photo through the windshield of the bus – we were up front that day. It was a bit of serendipity, but then I did have my camera at the ready.
I’m not sure I’ve even tasted bourbon. I rarely drink the hard stuff, and if I do it’s usually rum or tequila. It’s mostly beer or wine for me too.
I am definitely not much of a whiskey or whisky fan, so I probably would not have gone along on this tour, but am glad YOU did, so that I could just sit back and read about the whole process and get the benefit of a vicarious education. Thanks Dave! I particularly love the pictures of the old wooden barrels. Something about that shape that is alluring. I can almost smell them just by seeing your photos.
I’ve to say, I’d have a good glass of Lagavulin 16 over anything Irish… But a Hibiki over a Lagavulin.
Now I happily await your to visit Kentucky and Tennessee.
And yes, I like them all whether fashionable or not: Jameson in my coffee, Jim Beam in my Manhattan, and Johnny Walker and Jack Daniels just to sip. I also like dark beers such as Guinness, Newcastle Brown and Yuengling. and some craft beers. No, I am not an alcoholic [not seeming to have a genetic leaning that way] and most bottles seem to last forever in my cupboard.
You did a great job with these photos, Dave. I’m not a hard liquor aficionado, but you made it all very clear.
Thanks, Lynn. I suppose all those years of doing technical writing helped me distill this down to the essentials, so to speak.
I read something about a Scandinavian liquor, aquavit. One brand puts their kegs on an ocean liner for a trip over the equator and back. They say it gives it a smoother taste. Funny how seriously we take our beverages, isn’t it?
They say you can learn something every day, I have never been a whiskey drinker which is probably why I have never noticed the different spellings!
Before the Irish barman brought it up, I hadn’t noticed it either. It’s nearly always beer or wine for me.
I bet if i’d been drinking it I would have noticed.
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2019-04-24T10:29:41Z
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https://daveplyadventures.wordpress.com/2019/01/14/whisky-or-whiskey/
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A couple of weeks ago, Natalie, Nicholas and I went through some of my things my mom gave us from when I was a little girl. It was really fun for me to see those toys and clothes, and the kids thought it was so great that they were mine.
Natalie tried on some of the items and was so cute! Here are some pictures.
And this is a dressy shirt my mom wore and then I started using as a dress up dress. Complete with silver shoes, and purse!
Oh, and the beret hat in the pic was a fav of mine! I actually have a school picture with that on. Yes, I know, I was so stylish!
How fun! She looks so cute. I wish I had stuff from when I was little.
I love getting these messages and pictures. I remember those days oh so well. You and Natalie are adorable.
So cute Jill! She looks like she had lots of fun. Do you have any pics when you were her age?
Very cute! I love the silver dress and shoes!!!
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https://j2andn2.wordpress.com/2007/11/18/just-like-mommy/
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ANDERSON, Lindsay Douglas Age 20 Sergeant 391321 RNZAF 20th September 1940 Coll. grave XII.
GREEN, Alfred Joseph Age 31 Sergeant 741824 RAFVR 20th September 1940 Coll. grave XII.
Dinant (Citadelle) Military Cemetery, Belgium.
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2019-04-20T20:15:40Z
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https://75nzsquadron.wordpress.com/belgium/
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Survival hinges primarily on observing your surroundings and accurately determining the seriousness of your situation, then taking the proper action to SURVIVE!
Put trick birthday candles that won't blow out in your survival kit!
Practice survival skills in ALL weather conditions! Fire building and shelter construction could be and should be challenging, but in a safe environment.
Thistle down and puff ball spores are nearly explosive as a tinder...mix with dry grasses, inner bark fibers, etc. Add fireweed down, old man's beard, scraped birch bark with dried grasses.
Cut up an old bicycle inner tube into 1-2" squares (5-10 should suffice) and keep them handy in your fire-building kit for something that burns long and hot, like a candle!
Dried fiber plants (fireweed, milkweed, grasses, nettles, dogbane, yucca, cattail, and the inner barks of cedars, linden, elm, walnut, hickory, aspen, cottonwood) make great cordage AND tinders!!
Cutting an old inner tube into small loops or bands enable you to use them like rubber bands, recycling the inner tube. Of course, an auto inner tube will give larger bands. Use the bands to secure gear to a pack strap, to other gear, or whatever your ideas can yield!
The old pitch stick, knot, or burl from a Douglas fir, balsam fir, or pitch pine will burn wet or dry. So will birch bark. And you thought there were no ready tinders out there!
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2019-04-21T18:24:17Z
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http://ghoststalker1.tripod.com/id16.html
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A teacher’s day is never really over, is it? We go home, grade homework well into the night, and can’t enjoy a film or a trip to a museum without trying to see how we can fit this into a lesson plan or organize into a field trip.
You never know when you will find a really great website at home, when a website you use at work will be needed in your living room. Keeping all your links straight can be difficult. I know of more than a few teachers that keep all their links saved to a Word file they take around with them on a flash drive.
Social bookmarking is keeping all your bookmarks on the cloud. Sites like Digg, Delicious, StumbleUpon, and Reddit; Google Bookmarks; and the king of them all, Twitter, are all different flavors of this concept. All of them operate on the same basic principle: save your links to the web where you can access them anywhere, and while there, share them with others.
1) You find a website at a conference and link to it using your work laptop. It then shows up on your work desktop, your phone, and your machine at home.
2) You are part of a group collecting information on a topic; every member of the team finds online resources and shares them automatically.
3) You collect lots of bookmarks, and are at a loss as to how to organize them. Using the tags feature common to most social bookmarking services, you can index every link using your own words. For example, you might link to Weekly Reader’s latest issue and tag it with the following: rabbits, airplanes, Hispanic, census, Jim Carrey, and penguins. Then, years from now, when you are doing a lesson on rabbits, you click on the ‘rabbit’ tag and find all the articles that you have ever found on rabbits, along with the Weekly Reader story, show up.
Here’s a video that also explains the concept of social bookmarking.
I just wanted to point out that my favorite bookmarking service was left out of this article: http://marklet.com. Marklet is much more focused on (and better at) the actual bookmarking side of things, where as most of the sites you mentioned are more about sharing or discovery.
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by the hotel. Give the hostess some free work and other gift by way of thanking them.
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The piano is considered as a great chromaticist. It is very important, it’s advisable to choose an easy or a familiar piece of song for you.
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I am having issuws with your RSS. I don’t understand why I am unable to subscribe to it.
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2019-04-19T22:43:56Z
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https://wrteacher.wordpress.com/2011/05/31/bookmarks-in-the-cloud/
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The Willamette River is a major tributary of the Columbia River, accounting for 12 to 15 percent of the Columbia's flow. The Willamette's main stem is 187 miles (301 km) long, lying entirely in northwestern Oregon in the United States. Flowing northward between the Oregon Coast Range and the Cascade Range, the river and its tributaries form the Willamette Valley, a basin that contains two-thirds of Oregon's population, including the state capital, Salem, and the state's largest city, Portland, which surrounds the Willamette's mouth at the Columbia.
Originally created by plate tectonics about 35 million years ago and subsequently altered by volcanism and erosion, the river's drainage basin was significantly modified by the Missoula Floods at the end of the most recent ice age. Humans began living in the watershed over 10,000 years ago. There were once many tribal villages along the lower river and in the area around its mouth on the Columbia. Indigenous peoples lived throughout the upper reaches of the basin as well.
↑ "Facts About the Willamette River". Willamette Riverkeeper. Archived from the original on October 31, 2016. Retrieved November 16, 2016.
↑ Robbins, William G. "Willamette River". The Oregon Encyclopedia. Portland State University and the Oregon Historical Society. Retrieved May 19, 2014.
↑ "Water-Year Summary for Site USGS 14211720". U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved January 8, 2017.
↑ "Willamette River Multi-Purpose Development in the 1930s" (PDF). Army Engineers and the Development of Oregon: A History of the Portland District U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 1983. p. 107. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 21, 2014.
↑ These are the average, maximum, and minimum flows recorded during the period of record (1973–2015) for this gauge. The greatest recorded Willamette flood, which occurred in December 1861, produced a much larger maximum of 635,000 cubic feet per second (18,000 m3/s) in Portland.
This page was last changed on 7 February 2019, at 15:45.
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willamette_River
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For 2012 the technical regulations were partly released with the 2011 regs, but there are also some late additions to be published, mainly related to the efforts of the FIA to eradicate exhaust blown diffusers.
I have seen a draft copy of the exhaust positioning rules. These rules are still subject to change because of an ongoing Technical Working Group (TWG) discussion to refine the rules. Ross Brawn in particular has made comments about possible loopholes in these regs.
Looking at what has already been proposed, I do not think he was suggesting a loop hole to allow blown diffusers, but perhaps other areas where the exhaust could be blown to benefit aero.
Currently the exhaust rules are fairly open in terms of positioning, the main stipulation being only two exhaust exits are allowed. In 2010 we saw the Red Bull RB6 reinvent the concept of blown diffusers as a way of creating downforce from the exhausts. Since then every team has relocated their old periscope format exhausts, into low exiting solutions to blow the underfloor.
For 2012 we will see rules which tightly dictate the position of the last 10cm section of the exhaust pipe.
Firstly the exhaust must only transfer fluids from the engines exhaust ports to the tail pipe exit. i.e. no other gasses can enter or exit the exhaust along any point in its length. This prevents any reinterpretation of the exhaust exit or one way valves to maintain exhaust gas velocity. As Ferrari have been believed to have run on their car this year.
Then the tailpipe section is tightly defined, the last 100mm must be a round thinwall circular section, of 75mm internal diameter with no obstructions. So oval tailpipes, or pipes with internal vanes and\or slash cut exits are barred.
Then this last 100mm of pipe must be entirely within a specific area on the car. This has been highlighted on the accompanying drawings. The box seen in side elevation has to 500mm from the rear axle line and 250mm above the reference plane. This area is however very generous with a length of 700mm and height of 350mm. Thus the top of the exhaust could be as high as 600m above the reference plane, around the same height as the top of the rear tyres.
In plan view the box must be more than 200mm and less than 500mm from the cars centre line. So exhausts could not exit tightly placed along the cars centreline.
Within each of the boxes the exhaust must be positioned within a range of angles. From the side the exhaust must exit tailpipe-up and between 10 to 30 degrees from the reference plane. In plan view the tailpipe must be plus or minus 10 degrees from the cars centreline.
Lastly the exhaust position is also controlled by ensuring no bodywork sits in the tail pipes wake. To measure this, an imaginary cone (diverging at 3 degrees) in line with the pipe, reaching as far back as the rear axle line must be drawn. This cone (drawn red in the illustrations) must not touch any bodywork, nor must bodywork be placed over the cone. With a typical F1 car the only bodywork in the regions behind the tailpipe are the rear wing endplates, the front portion of rear brake ducts and any central top bodywork (i.e. Red Bulls bulged central cooling exit).
Bodywork behind the rear axle can cross the cones path. Bodywork is defined as any sprung part of the car, so little can be done to deflect the exhausts plumes to reach a specific aerodynamic device.
Without access to the as yet unpublished clarification on overrun engine mappings, it hard to be sure if it might still be beneficial for teams to blow bodywork for aero benefit. It may end up that it’s better to create an aero neutral exhaust position.
For a neutral exhaust position, a low & forward position within the allowable areas, blowing roughly in line with the line of the bodywork would make sense. This would follow the common approach teams used before EBDs.
For teams with low line gearbox solutions, blowing the exhausts into the void behind the engine above the gearbox may be beneficial in cutting drag. A ‘middle ground’ option could be blow towards the cars centreline above the rear impact structure, in most cases this would be fairly neutral, but the fitment of the winglet atop the crash structure for high downforce races would see it benefit from the exhaust plume.
To create an aero benefit we have to look at the influential bodywork at the back of the car, to see what could be blown advantageously.
Clearly it will not be possible to blow the diffuser, the forward and upwards exit of the tailpipe make the exhaust plume too high to interact with the diffuser anymore.
The beam wing is another possibility, this will be hard to blow with the exhaust positioning, perhaps the airflows downwash over the rear of the car could make it possible, but this doesn’t seem likely.
The upper rear wing is well within range of the exhausts especially in their higher position in side elevation. Teams could blow either towards the centre or towards the tips of the wing. Blowing the tips inboard of the endplates would create downforce, but also induce more drag from the vortices produced at the wing tip. So blowing the centre of the wing makes more sense.
Blowing the underside of the wing as opposed to blowing over it, should be most beneficial. Although the effect on the DRS may need to be better understood. As would any sensitivity to throttle, with the revised engine mapping rules. Practical issues of the wing being able to withstand the heat are not insurmountable, with wing sections made of Metal or with ‘Glass Ceramic Composites’ (already used for heat shielding). If the centre blowing of the top rear wing is used, we will some very high exhaust outlets. Either in tall fairings also acting as cooling outlets or sprouting from the side of the engine cover.
Also blowing the rear brake ducts is an avenue worth exploring. The exhaust geometry doesn’t work quite so well in this area. Brake duct vanes, which we have seen proliferate over the past few years are allowed to be 120mm inboard of the rear wheel, roughly in line with the wheel and can protrude forwards the front perimeter of the tyre. But as some of the brake duct is ahead of the rear axle line there is less surface to blow on.
This might still be better than rear wing blowing, as the downforce is produced directly on the unsprung wheel, rather than passing through the suspension. The benefits of this over rear wing blowing would need a simulation to establish the better path.
Practicalities of heat shielding the rear brake ducts are already understood from EBDs which already apply of the exhaust plume over their surfaces. Also tricky would the positioning of the brake cooling snorkel, but again this is not insurmountable.
One leftfield idea would be blowing outside of the rear wing endplates. This would not produce downforce, but reduce drag. Just as we see slots in the endplate to reduce the vortices created at the wing tip. Blowing the exhaust would reduce drag when the exhausts are blowing hard. Theoretically when the car is in accelerating out of a turn or in a straight-line and needs as little drag as possible. The beauty of this idea is when the driver lifts off the throttle for a corner, even with limits on overrun mapping the slower exhaust plume would reduce its effect, increase drag again. This might be a less sensitive, but still effective position for the exhaust plumes. But its complications might not be worth the drag benefit.
What’s clear is we will see a variety of exhaust positions being tested and raced next year. Certainly the exhaust position we see on the launch car will not always be what we will see in Australia for the first race.
This entry was posted in F1 2012 by scarbsf1. Bookmark the permalink.
Great work as usual, Craig, reading the regs is never as good as an image of what is and isn’t permissible.
Something that occurred to me the other day is that the lessons learned about airbox spillage under hot- or cold-blowing regimes aren’t going to go away, and we’ll still hear funny noises on the over-run next year as the engines are used to fine-tune the flow to the rear wing and Coke-bottle even without the direct influence of squirting exhausts through the diffuser area. Maybe these are even the loopholes that Ross Brawn’s talking about.
I think the use of exhaust energy to add performance should be allowed! The one thing that shouldn’t be allowed is to use more fuel to add aero performance. Why they try to kill exhaust energy usage considering the fact that it is basically free?
looking at the drawings, I had an idea to use the centerline exhaust blowing of the rear wing that you described, and, based upon almost no understanding of the underlying principles, i would think that the exhaust would act like a modified F-Duct on the rear wing, thus decreasing downforce the faster the car went. And because it’s purely based upon throttle position, I can see no problem with controlling the effects for fast or slow corners. In addition, I would think that the DRS winglet would help this effect along because it would force the flow from the backside of the wing more horizontally at the top of the wing, and thus reduce downforce even more. But, to repeat, I am no aero expert and have no training on the subject. I simply thought that it would be another solution to help straight-line speed/top-end.
I can see what you are are envisaging. However, I dont think it will work.
If blowing the centre of the wing could detach the flow and reduce downforce, this would have very little effect on drag and thus not increase top speed.
Will the exhaust gasses really have that big an effect being so far away from the rear wing? Surely the amount of gas flowing through the exhaust will have a negligible effect, especially at high speed? i’m no engineer (or aerodynamicist!) but I can’t believe they’ll be doing anything other than trying to minimise the drag the exits cause and trying not to disturb the airflow to the wing?
The current EBDs are nearly 70cm from the backof the diffuser and they have huge effect. Having the 2012 exhaust 50cm from the rear wing, would be a more powerful effect, albeit acting on a less effective aero device.
Isn’t blowing gasses from one ‘sprung’ part of the bodywork to another rather like sitting on a yacht on a calm day, and blowing the sail? Or perhaps like getting the rear passengers of a car to push on the back of the front seats to help you up a steep hill?
Or is it more like being on a yacht on a windy day and switching on a fan aimed at 90degrees across the wind flowing into the sail, thus ‘disrupting’ the normal flow? This second suggestion, as ridiculous as I may have made it sound, makes more sense to me – in F1 terms I guess I’m asking if exhaust gases are used to ‘interact with and disrupt’ normal aerodynamic flow over the car – at least, that’s what I think I’m asking.
Thanks at the very least for trying to demystify the witchcraft of aero-science.
Firstly blowing any aero surface on the car from the car will have an aero effect (as EBDs do now). So its similar to sitting at the back of yacht with a big fan pointing at the sail.
On the point of using the exhaust to disrupt airflow over the wings surface, I dont think its going to be effctive. The exhaust flow will tend to follow the wing (coanda effect) and increase flow over it. Which will increase downforce.
I may be wrong (again no knowledge of aerodynamics), but an fan pointed obliquely at the sail would result in overall movement of the yacht. This would fit the principle better surely? The aim of blowing an aero device isn’t to move the car forward but obliquely downward.
On another note, I have been thinking about this for quite some time, how does the thermal expansion and then subsequent contraction of gases influence aerodynamics? As in cold air flows in through the radiators, expands in the process and then flows out of the outlets and contracts again. Is that why RBR have one single outlet placed to release under the rear wing were there is a natural low pressure area? And how much does that same principle apply to hot exhaust gases? How much volume do the have when they exit the exhaust and how hot and how much volume do they still have after reaching the end of the car? Is that also why the exhaust blown diffuser is more efficient when blown underneath the diffuser because of the exhaust gases entering the diffuser at a certain volume and then cooling down and creating a increased lower pressure underneath the diffuser?
That I don’t understand; since the brake duct is an unsprung part, the exhaust is allowed to blow on it regardless of position relative to the rear axle line, right?
Then, your proposal for drag reduction; would the gain in drag reduction not be offset by the increased drag caused by the exhaust position itself; as the periscope would protrude quite far from the sidepod and sits in (as far as I can judge) otherwise clean air?
Last, do you think there could be any benefits gained through using the exhaust flow in ‘cleaning up’ the flow around the rear wheels? As I understood this was an added benefit of RB’s EBD this year.
Theres a classic case of the rules getting conbfused with themselves. I woudl regard the brake ducts as bodywork and hence cannot be blown until the rear axle line. Even though, as you say they are considered unsprung.
If I were a team I’d be asking Charlie for a clarification on if this is the case.
As if you could blow the front protruding section of brake duct, then that would be a VERY powerful solution. The rear wing is 35cm long the brake duct fin could be as much as 50cm long! plus the exhausts can blow much closer to this section of ‘bodywork’.
This is pretty much exactly the same question I was going to ask!
The rear brake ducts have seen a huge amount of development recently, if the teams can clarify what is and isn’t allowed around here surely the direct benefit straight on to the rear tyres is by far the most beneficial of the solutions proposed?
When I first thought of the periscope exhausts though my initial ideas were blowing onto the centre line of the body work (as clean up), or possibly the beam wing (but I didn’t realise the latter would be so drag-y or inefficient).
This is such good work Scarbs, you’re well ahead of the game here, keep it coming!!
Just out of curiosity, it must have felt great when you heard about the TWG and a team enquiring about the ‘See-Saw Splitter’ solution?!? You’re having a direct impact on all of the teams development basically!
There is several other cool things with blowing on the brake ducts. due to roll and aero pushing the car down the gains will variate with speed and if its a corner.
I wonder if they could increase the effective range of the exhaust flow by rifling the exhaust before the last 100mm.
I would have thought brake ducts wouldn’t be an issue, as they form part of the ‘unsprung’ mass of the vehicle, do they not….
I think you may see quite a number of aero -neutral solutions pre-season, until their effect on track is better understood. I’m sure we’ll see a raft of revisions early on, until most teams converge towards the solution of the team that got it right first.
I suppose the teams only need small panels screwed to the rear deck, with different outlet locations, and altered tailpipes to test different configurations.
I find F1 aero and engineering really interesting but only have a small amount of knowledge on these subjects, so please excuse me if the following questions seem silly. From what I’ve heard on tv the dry tyres come out of their blankets at around 100 degrees Celsius, so I assume that this is close to their ideal operating temperature. Would trying to blow the brake ducts with gases of over 800 degrees Celsius have an effect on rear tyre temperature? Also what would be the effect on the actual temperature of the brakes themselves?
So it seems that Williams was testing blowing the middle of the rear wing today in the Abu Dhabi “young drivers” test. Your article is a great way to make sense of that!
Will take some getting used to seeing that sort of solutions, but not as much as blowing the ends of that wing would.
Does the end of the exhaust have to be exposed like Williams were doing? I think it’s quite ugly!
Could the exhaust outlet be used to pull air through the radiators, like an air multiplier, allowing more compact radiators and thus more compact sidepods?
Could move the radiators more ‘inboard’ to the chassis and possibly combine the double-floor and u-pod concepts – possibly even switching according to track type eg. exposed u-pod for drag deduction on faster tracks, covered u-pod (looking more conventional) with through body airflow (exiting around beam wing?) for high-downforce tracks.
I was wandering, how big is the downward reaction force created by the exhaust gasses exciting upward at an angle wrt the reference plane. It is probably quite small, compared to the overall downforce generated by the car. If I remember correctly, during his years in McLaren, Newey was trying to use the reaction force of the rear exciting gasses. Something like a jet, although not very strong one. Can you make some estimation of the mass*velocity of the gasses at full throttle? If it is significant it might make sense to alter the engine mapping again, to add that to the downforse in corner.
Does the regulation says anything about materials ( alloys ) that can be used in exhausts ?
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2019-04-24T00:34:36Z
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https://scarbsf1.wordpress.com/2011/10/26/2012-exhaust-position-and-blown-effects/
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You may have seen advertisements for at home orthodontic retainers that you receive in the mail without ever seeing a trained dentist or orthodontist. While this practice may seem convenient, there are many risk factors involved with Do It Yourself Orthodontic treatment. Often, DIY orthodontics involve a series of retainers that you change over time to straighten your teeth. However, without oversight of a trained dentist, problems often arise and the patient does not realize there is a problem until it is too late. While DIY orthodontic treatment may seem like a cheap, quick fix, at home orthodontics can cause problems that will double or triple the cost of orthodontic treatment according to the American Academy of Orthodontics.
Do you ever feel that you are biting off more than you can chew? Well according to a new study by the Academy of General Dentistry- you just might be! During a busy day, we often rush through lunch and hurried eating can lead to taking bigger bites. But those big bites may be affecting your oral health more than you think. Taking bites that are too big to chew is detrimental to your jaw and teeth. Dentists have been seeing a rise in temporomandibular joint disorder or TMD. TMD limits how wide you can open your mouth, and larger bites of food can irritate symptoms of TMD. Avoid chewing ice, popcorn kernels, and opening nuts with your teeth. All these foods could lead to chipping or breaking of natural teeth . If you need to open your mouth more than what feels comfortable to take a bite, then you should be cutting the item into smaller portions that are easy to chew.
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2019-04-22T15:59:19Z
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https://tupelosmiles.wordpress.com/2017/12/
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Porn
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Health
| 0.943124 |
wordpress
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Or how many times can I write ‘thing’ in one entry.
So I signed up for LibraryThing earlier this week, and have been adding books from my own collection and poking around the site. From a personal perspective I can see the appeal of LibraryThing. I like how you can organise books into collections, such as ‘Currently Reading’, ‘Read but unowned’ and ‘Favourites’. I could definitely see myself using LibraryThing to keep track of what I’ve bought and read recently. Each book has a page with ratings, recommendations, tags and reviews. I was interested to see what LibraryThing would automatically recommend based on what I’ve uploaded. Other Users can also list their recommendations. I find the inclusion of tags on the pages useful, as it give a bit more information about the subject of the book and how many people have read it.
I can see how LibraryThing would work well for a small library. A life account (allowing you to add as many books as you wish) is available to purchase. This would be a great way to set up an online catalogue for a smaller library.
As for me, I will probably add more books to my LibraryThing account. As I mentioned before, I think it’ll be a good way to keep track of my ever growing pile of books to read. One day I might even review some of my favourites!
Oh great, you have the Temeraire series too. I think they are brilliant and cant wait for the next one. Your post has also reminded me to add my Terry prachett books to my library.
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2019-04-20T12:30:09Z
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https://secretlibraryisland.wordpress.com/2010/07/23/the-thing-about-librarything-things-14-15/
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Porn
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Arts
| 0.146248 |
yellow
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Our Musicians can assist you in the Canterbury Region. Tony Ferner - Flutist are here for you. We're based in Canterbury Region so get in touch to find out more information about us today.
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2019-04-25T04:14:28Z
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https://yellow.co.nz/y/tony-ferner-flutist-fendalton
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Porn
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Arts
| 0.973161 |
tripod
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Sosyete Gade Nou Leve, Watch Us Rise Society, is an international Vodou house led by Houngan Hector. Our members are Haitian, Hispanic, African American, American, Arubian, Ukranian, Dutch, Australian, come from all over the world. Straight, gay, bisexual, transgendered, none of these things bar initiation into Sosyete Gade Nou Leve. Everyone has a path to lead!
Watch us rise has both non Asson and Asson lineage and confers this upon our members as the Lwa tell us to do! All members are well trained and can serve the Lwa both in their own homes and in Peristyles all over the World. We practice Haitian Vodou as learned by our Tradition.
The base of our Society runs in New Jersey. Ceremonies are conducted here as well in other parts of the world! You see the Vodou tradition is about family, as such, I work with members of my Vodou family to do ceremonies too. Ceremonies, Mariaj Lwa, Lave Tets, spiritual and maji (magical work), cleansings, baths, and other ceremonies are conducted here and elsewhere around the world. Kanzos are held in Haiti as is traditional.
Members of our House come from all different backgrounds and it is an honor to be a parth of each and everyone of their lives. Sosyete Gade Nou Leve's Members are trained to fulfill their roles as per rank and Tradition. Becoming a member of the Vodou tradition both in Haiti and the Diaspora is very huge role. But all of our members are able to succeed in living up to it!
When you or anyone else becomes a member of this family, you become a child, a brother or sister, a grandchild, a niece or nephew, a cousin, basically a real member of our family. Our House is an invigorating, exciting, elevating, loving, nuturing expierence. Unfortunately, there are places where families and some Vodou families that are not like this. In some there is much drama, gossip, and envy, others only want your money, and the worst don't give you anything at all!
Something about family that I tell all of my initiates and future initiates, or people trying to understand Vodou is the following: "We are about family. Just like family, we might not always like each other but we must love each other, that is the way that family works" And it is true in all families, luckily our family rarely has any drama. But when it does, like all families, we sit down and all talk about it. We resolve it in a just manner.
I take Vodou very seriously and so do all of our family members. There is much respect, love and trust in God and Ginen. Vodou is our Religion, and like all Religions should be, a way of Life. It is very important and connects us to God, the Dead, our Ancestors, the Saints and the Lwa in a very deep and moving way.
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2019-04-18T22:18:29Z
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http://ezilidantor.tripod.com/id12.html
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.34984 |
wordpress
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Like all Polytheists, I have altars to “other” Gods. Baal Shamin of Palmyra is one of Them. This ancient Canaanite God did not wish to be forgotten, especially after the horrific destruction of his temple in Syria. When the Romans ruled the area, they featured his symbols on their armor – the thunderbolt and ear of wheat. Baal Shamin was the God of Protection, as well as, the God of the Sky and Fertility. October 28 is his festival day.
Grateful, we remember You always.
This entry was tagged Baal Shamin, God of the Month. Bookmark the permalink.
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2019-04-21T18:45:43Z
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https://neptunesdolphins.wordpress.com/2016/10/27/god-of-the-month-baal-shamin/
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.240406 |
wordpress
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Dato il clima che stavo respirando e le mie letture, mi sembrò naturale paragonare la nascita di una stella alla nascita di una poesia. Ripresi in mano la poesia Tornata di Jahier e incominciai a lavorare.
perché non mi vuoi più guardare?
Per questo non mi vuoi più guardare?
Una cometa gira intorno al sole con la testa sempre rivolta verso la luce, come un girasole volge la corolla nell’arco della giornata verso il sole e lo segue dall’alba al tramonto.
Il punto-sole è l’intera poesia, il titolo Tornata ripetuto più volte è il percorso della cometa. Il punto-sole, se ingrandito, rivela nel suo magma i grafemi che compongono l’intera poesia.
Questo mio modo di agire era la prova vivente di quanto affermava Maria Vailati nel suo libro Testimonianze 2 di›per un’esperienza semiotica poetica didattica: “La semiotica può essere una tecnica/aiuto… Con il nome di semiotica si intende oggi la scienza dei segni, ossia la disciplina che si impegna ad approfondire i dati dell’espresso in quanto espresso. Al di là delle intenzioni. Uno scaltrirsi nel cogliere il messaggio dell’altro, ma una volontà di coglierlo, un impegno perché non troppo si disperda, perché l’entropia non sia dominante”.
Mi rendo conto che già nell’analisi e nella sintesi sono valide le sue parole: “Il computer umano subisce modificazioni anche nel metodo. I dati raccolti lo condizionano nella modalità stessa della raccolta”.
Si, mi stavo convincendo che a seconda di quello che sceglievo di approfondire, tra letture e immagini, non potevo che avere quel tipo di intuizione, ed arrivare con più o meno varianti a quella forma di espressione.
Nel 1979 ebbi modo, all’Università di Urbino, di seguire un interessante convegno di semiotici e notare le forti tensioni tra le varie scuole e correnti. Ricordo gli accaniti battibecchi nei corridoi, mancava poco che si accapigliassero.
Al prof. R. Lindekens, presentatomi in quella occasione, autore del testo Sémiotique de l’image: analyse des caractères typographiques, piacquero molto i miei lavori per cui lo stesso anno proposi una mostra/convegno al Comune di Monza. Il programma era veramente interessante con i due relatori Lindekens e Vailati e la presentazione delle mie poesie visive, ma non fu recepito.
Given the climate that I was breathing and my reading it seemed natural to compare the birth of a star to the birth of a poem. I returned to the poem ‘Tornata’ of Jahier and began to work.
A comet revolves around the sun with its head always turned towards the light like a sunflower which turns its corolla during the day towards the sun and follows it from dawn to dusk. The point-sun is the whole poem. The comet is the title of the poem. If the point-sun is enlarged it revels in its magma the graphemes that make up the whole poem. The words chosen by the poet are formed in the creative explosion and obviously belong to his personal choice of words and Language.
My way of working was the living proof of what Maria Vailati affirmed in her book ‘Testimonianze 2 per un esperienza semiotica poetica didattica’. She wrote ‘ Semiotics may be a technique, a help. The word semiotics means today the science of signs, namely the discipline which strives to deepen understanding of the data expressed because it is expressed. Beyond the intentions. A sharpening of one’s wits to grasp the message of the other person, a will to grasp it , a commitment to lose as little as possible so that the entropy is not dominant. I realise that already in the analysis and the synthesis her words are valid. ‘The human computer undergoes modifications also in the method. The data collected condition it in the mode itself of the collection’. Yes, I was convincing myself that according to what I chose to investigate in reading and images, I could not but have that type of intuition and arrive at more or fewer variations of that form of expression.
In 1979 I had occasion to attend an interesting conference on semiotics at the University of Urbino and I noted the strong tensions between the various schools and currents. I remember the fierce bickering in the corridors, they almost came to blows.. My work was much approved by Prof. Lindekens who was introduced to me on that occasion. He was the author of ‘Semiotique de l’image¸ analyse des caracteres typographiques’. He proposed a conference- exhibition of the same in Monza. The programme was really interesting with two lecturers Lindekens and Vailati and the presentation of my visual poetry – but the proposal was not accepted.
This entry was posted on ottobre 30, 2015 at 12:04 pm and is filed under amarcord, attualità, un racconto/a tale. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
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2019-04-26T08:08:09Z
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https://mlgrimani.wordpress.com/2015/10/30/un-raccontoa-tale-il-testo-poetico-come-immagine-1/
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Porn
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Business
| 0.108573 |
wordpress
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IWA-GB: Condemn the conviction of Professor GN Saibaba and five others in India!
Condemn the conviction of Professor GN Saibaba and five others in India!
Condemn the travesty of justice and stifling of voices of democratic dissent!
Repeal all draconian laws such as UAPA! Release all political prisoners!
The life sentence given on 7th March 2017 to Delhi University Professor G N Saibaba by the Gadchiroli District and Sessions Court in Maharashtra State of India is shockingly unjust. The court has convicted him and five others under the draconian anti-terror law, the Unlawful Activities Prevention Act (UAPA). Besides Saibaba, the five people convicted are journalist and social activist Prashant Rahi, Jawaharlal Nehru University student Hem Mishra and tribals Pandu Narote, Mahesh Tirki and Vijay Tirki. (While five have been sentenced to life term in prison, the court sentenced Vijay Tirki to 10 years in jail).
It is clear that these sentences have been concocted to instil extreme fear in all voices of democratic dissent against the Brahmanical upper-caste Hindutva BJP government in India. Although the court says the case against these people have been ‘proved beyond reasonable doubt’, there is barely any evidence against them according to the defence lawyer. It may be recalled that police had illegally raided Dr Saibaba’s house on two occasions in 2013 and seized his computer hard drives without being sealed (as required by police procedure), which they subsequently presented in court as evidence. The hard drives could easily have been tampered with, whilst in police possession. Later in April 2014 the Maharashtra police kidnapped the wheelchair-bound professor from Delhi, and charged him under various sections of the UAPA, accusing him of waging war against the Indian State. Saibaba was granted unconditional bail in April, 2016 by the Supreme Court, which had cited his medical condition – he suffers from 90% orthopedically disability – and the fact that all material witnesses in the trial had been examined.
During the two years he spent as an under-trial in Nagpur Central Jail, Saibaba was denied medical treatment and assistance, due to which his health rapidly deteriorated. Following his bail last year, Saibaba was being treated for cardiac problems, stones in his gall bladder, pancreatitis and high blood pressure. He was also undergoing physiotherapy for various orthopaedic conditions that he had developed in his back and shoulder whilst in prison. In fact he had been admitted to the ICU at a Delhi hospital and was discharged only on 28th February 2017. He was preparing to undergo a surgery for removal of his gall bladder, which was scheduled to happen within a month before he travelled to Gadchiroli on 6th March to attend the reading of the final order of his case at the Sessions Court. Saibaba was given the impression that he would just have to present himself in court for two hours and assumed that he will acquitted. Instead, Saibaba was taken into custody immediately on his arrival at the court and later sentenced to life in prison. His defence lawyer’s request, based on his orthopaedic and other ailments, to pass an additional order to provide Saibaba with assistants and vital medical treatment in jail was out-rightly refused by the sessions judge.
Professor Saibaba has consistently stood for the rights of the landless peasants, Adivasi (indigenous) people, Dalits, working class and other oppressed and downtrodden sections of the India society. The Professor has been, and remains, vocal against the corporate loot in the central and eastern states of India, where the Adivasis are defending their waters, forests and land from being taken over by the greedy mining corporations. He has relentlessly denounced the deployment of more than 100,000 paramilitary forces by the government, in various forms such as the Operation Green Hunt and the state-sponsored vigilante groups such as Salwa Judum. It is this bold voice of Professor Saibaba, and his fellow accused, which the Indian state wants to stifle. The current judgment of the district and sessions court is a testimony of how readily the courts in India are prepared to bow down to the pressures of the police state.
We condemn the sentences given to Professor Saibaba, Prashant Rahi, Hem Mishra, Pandu Narote, Mahesh Tirki and Vijay Tirki. We demand all are given bail, a fair trial, and that the wheelchair bound Professor Saibaba is treated in a humane manner, in accordance with UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.
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2019-04-19T14:21:36Z
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https://icspwindia.wordpress.com/2017/03/15/great-britain-for-saibaba/
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Porn
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Health
| 0.756035 |
yahoo
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Do any of you have any tips or tricks to growing hair faster? Are their any vitamins, shampoos, conditioners, hair treatments, or anything that makes hair grow faster? Also is their anything you shouldn't do? I mean things that will make hair grow slower. Please help. Me and my sister went to get our hair cut... show more Do any of you have any tips or tricks to growing hair faster? Are their any vitamins, shampoos, conditioners, hair treatments, or anything that makes hair grow faster? Also is their anything you shouldn't do? I mean things that will make hair grow slower. Please help. Me and my sister went to get our hair cut today and I love mine, but she hates hers. She went from waist length hair to shoulder length. She hates it and wants long hair again. How can she make hair grow faster?
Best Answer: 1. Eat a healthy diet. Minimize fat and sugar intake and increase protein.
3. Cut back on smoking, caffeine and sodas.
1. Take supplements known to boost hair growth: Vitamins B, C, E, Beta Carotene, Magnesium.
3. Try hot oil treatments on your scalp.
I hope this works out it worked great for me i use to have a bob short as heck but now following these steps my hair is down to the middle of my back and its only been4 months!this will work great for her...her hair will be at her waist in no time!
Well thanks for asking my question.
Anyways on average hair grows half an inch a month, so its gonna be at least a couple years until it's waist length again. But if you put monistat on your scalp like 3x a week it has been found to make it grow like twice as fast. Also taking vitamins and staying healthy makes it grow a little faster. But other than that there is not much you can but wait or get clip in extensions.
So your sister wants to grow her hair lol I totally have been their I had a baddd hair cut once and it devastated me !
Well heres what I did hopefully this helps !!
It really does help to cut / trim it plus its guna look much healthier when it grows so the fact she actually cut it is not bad ....but just make sure next time she only does tiny trims so she doesnt feel so much like its a drastic thing .
Also I dont know what it is if its like a mircale or what lol but I use deep conditioning treatments and it keeps my hair super healthy and since my last cut which was 3 months ago or so my hairs grown back to waist length and it use to be 4 inches shorter !
Hair loss affects both men and women. Here are some natural remedies that can help boost hair growth: https://tinyurl.im/aH7hl While genetics plays a role, there are other factors, including: hormonal imbalances, an underactive thyroid gland, nutrient deficiencies and insufficient scalp circulation.
What helps your hair grow faster? Hair Vitamins?
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2019-04-21T13:00:06Z
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https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20100713023107AA04JuV
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Porn
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Health
| 0.471222 |
wordpress
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Today we continue with our self-appointed and majorly depressing job of ugly book cover muckcrackers. After two parts on fantasy we decided to plunge into the world of glitter, fluff and rainbows and find the ugliest children’s book covers on the shelves of the local book megastore. We did start with pounding hearts because in our minds we already saw disgustingly amateurish illustrations and scary typography but, to our surprise, the bad covers did not dominate the section of the store: instead we had to search a little. Of course, when we did we found exactly what we were looking for and more but, optimistically, a large portion of children’s book is not as ugly as what we present under the link.
Today come leftovers of the bad fantasy covers we showed last time. After big bosoms and big teeth comes the time for bad illustrations and a clichéd vision of the future – under the link.
Every time we enter a book megastore looking for a gift, or just checking out new publications we have to avert our eyes from the pile of ugliness that attacks from every shelf. Of course, there are examples of good design but the amount of bad ones is terrifying. It’s often bland bad but sometimes it reaches the level of epically, hilariously bad – and this is our newest preoccupation: we’ve decided to publish a series of posts on the ugliest finds in the local bookstore.
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2019-04-19T12:15:18Z
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https://reramble.wordpress.com/category/design-disaster/
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Porn
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Kids
| 0.766056 |
wordpress
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Diane stays ahead of the pack.
Wessel and I had a lovely Thanksgiving run in Denver. We’d planned to go alone, but then about 7,600 others joined us. We were in the Mile-High City last week visiting my longtime friend Kelley Griffin. Kel and I met when we worked together at the Patriot Ledger in Quincy, Mass., some 20 years ago (ack). She’s now news director at Colorado Public Radio.
Earlier in the week, Wessel and I spied a park with a dirt running track during a drive downtown. Kel told us it was Washington Park, a city favorite for more than a century. “Wash Park” is pretty amazing. One of Denver’s nicest and largest (165 acres) parks, it has a 2.6-mile jogging path, several gardens, soccer fields, playgrounds, basketball court, horseshoe court, a lawn bowling green, 10 tennis courts, two lakes and a pond. Impressive! The best part for us was it was only a mile from Kel’s house.
Start of Denver's 35th annual Turkey Trot.
Festive trotters in turkey hats.
Around the time we completed the dirt perimeter trail (there’s a shorter paved inside loop as well), the runners were about to start. Even Mayor John W. Hickenlooper was there to cheer them on. As we watched from the side of the road, trotters kept coming and coming and coming. I read in the paper the next day that there were more than 7,600 of them. Some runners took it seriously, while others, sporting turkey hats and even turkey legs/feet, were more interested in the festivities.
The things we do to make room for food.
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2019-04-20T00:19:58Z
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https://bydianedaniel.wordpress.com/tag/thanksgiving/
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Porn
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Sports
| 0.379998 |
wikipedia
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Paperback Hero is a 1973 Canadian film, directed by Peter Pearson, which starred Keir Dullea and Elizabeth Ashley. It is set in Saskatchewan and portrays the life of a big-fish minor-league hockey player in a little-pond town. The movie was filmed in Delisle, Saskatchewan.
It was originally titled Last of the Big Guns, but was renamed to reflect the lyrics of Gordon Lightfoot's "If You Could Read My Mind", which was featured on the soundtrack.
It won the Canadian Film Awards in 1973 for Film Editing, Overall Sound, and Cinematography.
It was selected in 2006 for the Toronto International Film Festival's Canadian Open Vault program, which preserves examples of notable Canadian cinema.
This article related to a Canadian film of the 1970s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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2019-04-26T00:17:12Z
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paperback_Hero_(1973_film)
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Porn
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Arts
| 0.666822 |
wordpress
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share a day in the life. pictures, timelines, stats, however you like.
wake up. pack. work. pack. eat. pack. clean. pack.
but now i am moved and the unpacking process doesn’t have to get done quite as fast as the packing one.
honestly though, my normal days are kind of boring…i work about 4 days a week. sometimes more, sometimes less it all depends if i have clients for the day. but every day i work different hours. so every day has a different line-up. but for now lets look at a typical sunday. they usually stay the same.
7 AM the usual morning line-up…start on the chores and sweep til the floors all clean!
…not really…that was a song from tangled that has been stuck in my head ever since i saw today’s topic.
7:00am – ignore alarm. set for 30 minutes later.
7:30am – slowly wake up. eat some cereal while looking at email/instagram/wordpress.
8:00am – start hair and makeup. hope everything goes well.
8:40am – find something to wear for church. outfit 1, nope. think to self “i always wear this. i want to try something else”. outfit 2, nope. “this is too uncomfortable, i need to lose weight”. outfit three, nope. “screw it i’ll wear outfit 1”.
8:55am – rush to make it to church by 9.
12:30pm – eat something. nap.
2:00pm – head over to either my mom’s or my in-laws. hang with family. have fun. watch a sport or watch a movie. play with siblings/nephews. eat something. write a blog post.
8:00pm – head home. catch up on shows with my husband. cuddle. eat something.
10:00pm – shower and get ready for bed. catch up on some more shows.
12:00pm – go to sleep.
what does you daily routine look like?
< Previous DAY NINETEEN: where is the love?
Love the quote! When I first read it, I was just starting blogging at I Will Bloom, so I read it as ‘content’ (= words/posts)….it really motivated me to write posts at weekends and schedule, LOL!!!! LOVE your post – so honest and open and full of your personality, as always….I’m not the only one who changes outfits multiple times, only to go with the original….and am not the only one who cried at everything….good to know!!!!!!
haha a play on words! it could totally mean that haha i should think of it like that too since i usually fly by the seat of my pants when it comes to posting. because we have been posting daily i have gotten better at writing a post and not taking alllll day long so maybe i need to start writing and scheduling posts.
you are definitely not the only one helen!
P.S. Also good to know that I’m not the only one who gets bits of Tangled songs stuck on re-play in her head!!!!!!
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2019-04-19T15:17:09Z
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https://allthingsbritneylee.wordpress.com/2014/09/22/day-twenty-a-day-in-the-life/
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Porn
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Home
| 0.401688 |
livejournal
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Perfectionist, prone to anger or irrationality. Aspects of Duality.
Appearance: Form of a man, with the head of an unidentified donkey-like animal. He was sometimes seen as a pig or a hippo.
Sacred animal: the mythical "Set animal"
God of wisdom, scribes, and writing.
Cool. Especially since I am attempting to become a writer.
Sekhmet. Observant, authoritative, indulgent, moral and witty. My sacred animal is a lion which, shockingly, matches with my regular zodiac sign, Leo.
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2019-04-24T07:55:21Z
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https://mizkit.livejournal.com/161118.html
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.665601 |
wikipedia
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Aylesbury Hundred was a hundred in the ceremonial county of Buckinghamshire, England. It was situated in the centre of the county and was bounded on the east by Hertfordshire and on the west by Oxfordshire.
Until at least the time of the Domesday Survey in 1086 there were 18 hundreds in Buckinghamshire. It has been suggested however that neighbouring hundreds had already become more closely associated in the 11th century so that by the end of the 14th century the original or ancient hundreds had been consolidated into 8 larger hundreds. Aylesbury became the name of the hundred formed from the combined 11th century hundreds of Aylesbury, Risborough and Stone although these original names still persisted in official records until at least the early part of the 17th century. The court leet for Aylesbury hundred was located at Aylesbury.
This page was last edited on 13 January 2019, at 18:34 (UTC).
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2019-04-26T08:13:43Z
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aylesbury_Hundred
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.522648 |
google
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This year's distributor meeting promises to deliver invaluable sessions that will provide distributors the tools and information they need to succeed.
Sessions and presentations at The Crowne Plaza.
Breakout sessions at Crowne Plaza followed by an optional afternoon local activity.
You will be notified once the official schedule has been released.
If you have any questions about this event, please contact events@measurand.com.
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2019-04-24T21:48:21Z
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https://sites.google.com/measurand.com/distributormeeting/register
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Porn
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Business
| 0.764436 |
wordpress
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Deadly nightshade has star-shaped flowers. The root is thick and meaty, whitish in color, about 15 cm long and branched. The trunk is purple-coloured, bold, high up to 150 cm (occasionally up to 180 cm). The dark purple flowers appear in June and July and bloom until early September. The fruit ripens in September, after having obtained a shiny black color and the size of a small cherry. It contains a large number of seeds in the dark juice.
Deadly nightshade produces visions, but is better to be avoided. Used in funeral rituals, it helps the deceased to let go and move forward. Gather berries when they are ripe. As every part of the plant is extremely poisonous, neither leaves, berries, nor root should be handled if there are any cuts or abrasions on the hands. The root is the most poisonous, the leaves and flowers less so, and the berries least of all.
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2019-04-23T12:02:37Z
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https://bookofshadowsblog.wordpress.com/my-book-of-shadows/herbs-and-healing-plants/deadly-nightshade/
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Porn
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Health
| 0.452275 |
wordpress
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General speaking I am an IT Geek & Software Architect and Scrum Master specialized in enterprise approaches platform development, Team Management and Agile processes. After that i use the amount of free time to enjoy my hobbies : advanced mathematics, basketball, ancient science, technology and traveling with my family.
I have an Extensive background in full life-cycle of software development process including requirements gathering, design, coding, testing, debugging, deployment and maintenance. Proven track record of designing and implementing flexible Enterprise solutions and wide range of applications (i.e., commercial web applications, n-tiered distributed applications, scientific applications running on different machines, ground and air-based communications systems, database applications, and high-tolerance Client/Server applications). Effective leader who thrives on new challenges and has consistently built and motivated elite cross-functional and cross-cultural teams. Blends creative intuition with highly developed analytical skills. Fluent reading and writing in English, German.
With over 15 years in Development and Software Engineering, I have gained critical in-depth expertise directing the planning, architecture, implementation and administration of Enterprise Software Solutions and multi-location environments. I am a Microsoft Certified Solution Developer ,Technology Specialist and MVP for C++ and .NET, and my diverse experience includes full life cycle technical project management, backup and recovery planning/execution, infrastructure engineering, Driver development and administration, and enterprise application deployment. Strong background in algorithms and object-oriented cross-platform development. Fast and avid technology learner.
▪ .NET Framework Enterprise Application ▪ C#, SharePoint Development, Multi Tiers App.
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2019-04-26T11:57:50Z
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https://dumians.wordpress.com/about/
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Porn
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Computers
| 0.626043 |
wordpress
|
Greetings! Quick question that’s entirely off topic. Do you know how to make your site mobile friendly? My website looks weird when viewing from my iphone4. I’m trying to find a template or plugin that might be able to fix this issue. If you have any suggestions, please share. Thank you!
I am mso sorry for the slow response as wordpress read this as spam. so sorry. I know very little about mobile goodies such as smart phones, etc. Though I own one I’m not to smart at working it.
I am so sorry for being of better help.
By using your readers input and suggestions they can help you when choosing topics for your blog.
look very professional or authoritative.
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2019-04-20T20:59:26Z
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https://take12radio.wordpress.com/about/
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.236075 |
wordpress
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I use a lot of spices. We like food with plenty of flavor around here, so I go through spices in bulk quantities.
Years ago, I figured out that buying them in bulk was the way to go. Most of the cost of spices at the store is in the packaging. But store bulk spice sections can sometimes have old spices, or mixed. Often as not, the very thing I need right now is out, and won’t be stocked for a week.
Then I discovered a gem of a place at Pike’s Place Market: Market Spice. If you’re ever at Pikes, and you haven’t gone to Market Spice, go. It’s an experience. Plus, their stuff is top notch.
Years ago, Mr. Caffeinated made a business trip to Budapest, Hungary. We have a friend that is a native there, and she asked him to bring her back some paprika. He brought back a bunch (and had his luggage searched for drugs – I dunno what they thought when they realized all that red powder was a spice), and we made paprikash. My friend was ecstatic about having real Hungarian paprika from back home to cook with.
Nope! It was my stash from Market Spice!
If you just need to refill all your spice jars, and you want chef-quality spices but at bulk pricing, I’d say, get them at Market Spice’s website or (if you’re on the Eastside), their Redmond warehouse.
There’s a minimum quantity required for the warehouse sales, but it’s usually about an ounce – which fills one of my spice jars pretty precisely most of the time. Call ahead; it generally takes them a day or two to put a ‘will-call’ order together. I used to call in my order, give them my credit card number, and then drop in and pick up my bag (takes about two minutes), double check it and I’m on my way.
These days, I have it shipped. Shipping isn’t cheap – it cost me $10 last time – but the gas would cost me that much to get there from our new place.
Their products come in cellophane packets; you have to buy your own jars elsewhere. I get my teas there as well; they have a zillion types. I know people that love their Market Spice tea, but I’m not a big fan of cinnamon in any hot drink but cider. They also have spice blends and coffees.
I recently made an order to fill a bunch of jars that had run out, plus to stock up on ingredients for various blends of my own. This order cost about $60, with shipping.
I store all my ‘extra’ spices – the refills for my spice drawer – in canning jars.
Market Spice doesn’t have any idea that I’m posting this, but I often get asked where I get all my spices (and I have a few).
This entry was posted in Allergy-Friendly, Baking, Beverages, Comfort Food, Desserts, Main Dishes, Side dishes and tagged bulk spices, Market Spice, spice jars, spice resources, spices, tea, where to buy spices, where to buy tea. Bookmark the permalink.
Love your spice drawer!!!! Love how it inspired Melissa to get me jars for MY spice drawer 😀 haha! I need to order more, though … they are the perfect size!
Yup – here’s the link!
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2019-04-25T14:11:47Z
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https://domesticendeavorsdotnet.wordpress.com/2012/11/16/spices/
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Porn
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Shopping
| 0.916272 |
wordpress
|
Sony DSC-RX100/B Whether you’re a professional photographer in need of a truly pocketable, high-performance compact camera to take on the go, or simply wish to expand the creative horizons of your point and shoot photography, the Sony Cyber-shot DSC-RX100 camera is for you. With a large 1 Exmor CMOS sensor and ultra-bright F1.8 Carl Zeiss Vario-Sonnar T* lens with 3.6x zoom, you’ll enjoy tack-sharp images and beautifully defocused backgrounds. An intuitive control ring built into the lens grants easy access to aperture settings and more. With Program, Aperture Priority, Shutter Priority and Manual (P/A/S/M) modes, get SLR-like handling for complete creative controlan incredibly effective iAuto mode is perfect for beginners. Shoot in nearly any light with natural results thanks to sensitivity that ranges from ISO 125 to 6400, and save pictures as compact JPEG files, high-resolution RAW files, or both at once.
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2019-04-18T12:20:44Z
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https://slatergabrielle23.wordpress.com/sony-dsc-rx100-dscrx100-20-2-mp-exmor-cmos-sensor-digital-camera-with-3-6x-zoom-sony-32gb-class-10-memory-card-sony-soft-carry-case-lens-pen-cleaning-tool-25-free-prints-zeikos-deluxe-screen/
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Porn
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Science
| 0.238987 |
wikipedia
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^ (英語) The Quarterly Review. Murray. p. 170. https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=XrNZAAAAcAAJ&pg=RA1-PA170&dq=hydaspes#v=onepage&q=hydaspes&f=false 2017年3月17日閲覧。.
^ Shahbaz, Anjum Sultan (2003) (ウルドゥー語). Tārīkh-i Jihlam. Main Bazar, Jhelum: Buk Kārnar [Book Corner]. OCLC 60589679.
^ Rapson, E. J. (英語). Ancient India: From the Earliest Times to the First Century AD. Cambridge University Press. p. 171. ISBN 9780521229371. https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=AKn3p64hGycC&pg=PA171&dq=vitasta.
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2019-04-24T15:52:18Z
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https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AB%E3%83%A0%E5%B7%9D
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.957086 |
wordpress
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Yes, I know the myth. I think she was gypped, myself and isn’t my first thought in any case. Pandora is the long suffering “almost” mother in law I have. She is an awesome lady and absolutely deserves to be honored in some way.
Now, I have Pandora in the middle of our top combo: Cecily Pandora Jane but decided to pair it with *my* Mother’s pair of names, Frances & Jane. Pandora’s up front & in the middle here, so would you be so kind & humor me ? I’d love to know how crazy I am, thinking of Pandora up front!
So… how crazy am I, really? I firmly like Dora/Dorrie and think Panda is a cute enough nickname for while she’s little, at least!
I’d love to hear your thoughts on Pandora, if you’d be so kind!
ETA: What about Winifred Marilyn/Marilyn Winifred?
I surprised myself a bit, there are a few up there that are quite pleasing to me. What I’m asking is this: Are there any up there that please you in any way? Do you think Marilyn’s ready to come back?
I’d love to hear opinions!
I’m completely taken with Elspeth. Sweet, pretty and fun to say & spell, the possibilty of Elsa or Elsie just makes me sing.
So I sat down the other day and came up with something like three dozen combos. Then we weeded through them, tweaked a few and the following (that I’d like you to look at) are the ones that survived. A mere 6 combos. Would you please give me your thought on them or at least tell me which one You’d choose & why?
The Trouble with Lucy & why Lucretia!
Beloved little Lucy. It was my Mother’s nickname for me from birth to her death. I can count on two hands the times I answered to my own name or my standard nickname. My problem with Lucy is multiple: Lucy ends the same as my surname and is a bit short next to Josephine. With Josephine & Lucy, I feel one of them is going to end up hating me for the length of her name!
So I turned to my favorite longer Luc- name, Lucretia. I am a big fan of Lucrezia Borgia, misunderstood woman that she was. Of course, Lucrezia doesn’t go over well, spelling-wise. That ‘z’ is cool, but clunky. Hence Lucretia. Yes, I know it reminds folks of ‘secretion’ and in general doesn’t appeal to many but I adore the name.
I had Lucretia Ruby Iris on my list until I realised her initials would be LRIM… so I went looking for a more fortuitous pairing. I came up with a good double handful that please me in various ways. Without further ado, Lucretia!
I have two up there that really make my heart race, can you tell me which ones do anything for you?Keep in mind Lucretia, like Josephine, would go by a nickname 98% of the time (Lucy or Lulu for sure).
I’ve been mildly obsessing over Rex the last few days and am attempting to put him in front, which is proving difficult.
Now, I’ve had Rex as a nickname for Remy Edward Xavier (read the initials) and Remy is not leaving my lists anytime soon. Remy is fabulous with my surname!
So, anything up there jump out at anyone as pretty good? Do I need to hit the lists again? I know Rex is not everyone’s cup of meatloaf, but really…talk to me! I’d love to hear opinions!
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2019-04-20T10:19:30Z
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https://lolamac.wordpress.com/2010/01/
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.088161 |
wired
|
The high accuracy, stereolithography-based, Form 1 3-D printer is going to turn the world of 3-D printing upside down.
After an up-and-down year where Formlabs successfully raised $2,945,885 and was later sued by market leader 3D Systems, their first-in-class, stereolithography-based 3-D printer is finally slated to ship. The team has been busy setting up their supply chain and tweaking the design since the campaign was concluded in October, but have ordered components, and the plan is to deliver units to eager backers starting in April.
Most impressively, the project is basically on time. Some backers were supposed to receive Form 1 3-D printers starting in February, but the majority were promised for April. The team that created the first hobby-grade high-accuracy printer also seems to have mastered the art of high-accuracy forecasting.
There are still some challenges to overcome. Formlabs owes 1,018 printers to their supporters and one of the most highly funded tech projects in Kickstarter's history will surely face a great deal of scrutiny once in the hands of users. Formlabs co-founder and CEO Maxim Lobovsky is excited about shipping the first wave of 3-D printers to enthusiasts. "Kickstarter exceeded our expectations," he says. "It definitely gets scary when dealing with larger numbers, but higher volumes also help things get cheaper."
Unlike rival MakerBot, Lobovsky says Formlabs has no plans to open their own factory. "The success of the Kickstarter certainly helped cement our decision to use a contract manufacturer rather than setting up our own facility." he says, but notes that the Form 1 is being assembled in the United States.
The close proximity to the factory has paid off, even if the labor costs are a little higher. "We definitely had a few last-minute changes," says Lobovsky. "For instance, after sheet metal production started, we found a bug. It would have worked, but it would have caused some failures. We worked with the manufacturing shop and were able to make the fix."
Even with the deadline quickly approaching, improvements are still being made. "One thing we're hoping to do a little different than other consumer electronics companies is to continue to tweak the product." says Lobovsky. "A lot of companies are loath to touch a design once it works, but almost every component has been touched. We did a a few things to improve the accuracy of the build platform and improved laser driver. We've also made some aesthetic improvements, like figuring out how to make a seam smoother or smaller. We've changed finishes to make things look better. We're going to do some laser etching for branding that we weren't originally planning on."
Lobovsky is equally passionate about technology and improvements that customers will never see. "We've done a lot since the Kickstarter with our manufacturing software, tooling, and processes," says Lobovsky. "We have amazing automated production software — we're able to test every function of the device on the manufacturing line and drop the results into a database. Our goal is to keep making our system more accurate with lower-cost components."
What's next for Formlabs once the hardware ships? "One really great thing about shipping the hardware is that we're now focusing heavily on materials and software."
For those that missed out on the Kickstarter and early pre-orders, a batch of Form 1 printers shipping in May are for sale for $3,299.
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2019-04-19T16:37:51Z
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https://www.wired.com/2013/02/form1-ready-to-ship/
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Porn
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Business
| 0.294416 |
wordpress
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This entry was posted on July 3, 2014, 6:00 pm and is filed under Blogging. You can follow any responses to this entry through RSS 2.0. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
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2019-04-21T00:31:09Z
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https://livewriterbasics.wordpress.com/2014/07/03/photo-gallery-seo/
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Porn
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Business
| 0.138007 |
wordpress
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There is always that hectic feeling when you have to run errands (doubly hectic as a single parent because you can never “retire” the children to your partner while you actively escape). There have been many moments, these doubly hectic moments, where the lip has folded out (my son’s lip of course), the head tilts downward, the arms lock at the elbows and then wrap around grabbing the lower back, there’s the occasional emphatic “hmph,” and the eye glare (out and beyond into the distance of course–what child would ever set eyes on a mother in pursuit of the grocery store–for milk–for that child’s morning cereal–oh no). Then there’s the body thrash, it’s abrupt, short, a gentle kick that’s just enough to rock the boat but not enough to sink it.
So many adventures like these have I experienced.
Then there’s the moments where parenthood is something else. Something rare, yes rare, that’s right.
I asked him where he learned this. He told me it’s what he does when he has to deal with the things in his life that make him sad.
Being a mother is such a multifaceted role, the things we learn from our children are often unexpected, sometimes difficult, but always the greatest lessons we will ever be an audience for.
Today marks my 100th post! I remember when I started this blog, in a lot of ways I feel like I am a different person now, in a different place, but then the same person too, in the same place. It’s ironic. What I do know is how this blog has helped me, it’s been my saving grace through many trials and it’s been a source to mark the happy moments too. When I look back at my ramblings I see that my words, words I thought I’d put out there for others to read, have really been for me.
Oddly enough this post also coincides with my 29th birthday. Today was spent in a family court (again). Can I just say, what the hell is wrong with the California court system? Will someone please explain how a mother, two years removed from a federal prison sentence for selling 2 pounds of meth, gets near full custody of her child? The system is delusional and baffling.
On a happy note, I spent the evening with my family celebrating my birthday and ex-husband bashing (a move that always makes me feel better post court–thanks mom). What more could a women ask for? Sounds pretty good to this feminist.
They often ask me, “why do you love it so much? It’s such a sad story.” While it does have its sad elements, I think there is something terribly empowering about the film. In it Holly has to learn how to make a life of her own because when Jerry dies Holly’s identity dies with him; he’s all she has ever known. She has to learn how to be by herself, one of the hardest lessons someone can endure in this life, and she has to learn how to build the very life that she questions at the start of the film, “I just see all of our friends buying houses and having babies–I wonder when our life is going to start?” Jerry laughs, “Our life has already begun, this is it, this is our life Holly.” After Jerry dies, Holly gets letters from him, the letters aren’t for Jerry, even though he claims they’re sent because “he just can’t let go yet.” They’re for Holly. They act as a mentor on her powerful, and oftentimes difficult journey.
The other morning my son asked “what is the affordable care act?” I explained to him that it is a law regarding health insurance. We then discussed how the government has shutdown due people who oppose this law. Point blank my 8 year-old says, “Well that’s weird, if the government shuts down how are they going to figure out how to get rid of the act or make it work?” Insightful, quite logical actually.
Then I heard the exact same words on NPR tonight. I guess my eight year-old is one step ahead. Americans prefer hemorrhoids, cockroaches, and toe nail fungus over Congress.
As an aside, he also told me the other day that we can’t visit North Korea because they will put us in a prison camp and people in Greece keep money under their bed because they don’t trust the banks. This is what happens when your mom listens to news radio.
I’d lost all hope in love, and then I found it…and then I lost it.
The sadness is consuming and overwhelming. It hurts so bad, grieving hurts more than any physical pain and its hidden so no one sees it.
There is nothing lonelier than a blank phone, an empty bed, a quiet house, no one to share memories with, no one to share accomplishments with, no one to have fun with, laugh with, cry with.
It’s so hard trying to mitigate this hurt. It’s a lonely process.
There was a time when we first met, I think it was actually one of our first dates. He had gone fishing and he brought home Shad to cook–it was a rather bony fish and it didn’t turn out that well. The other night I visited with some friends and somehow the topic of “shad” came up, I told them how my boyfriend had once cooked it for dinner. They laughed, “that’s bait, you ate bait, no one actually eats shad.” I realized then that those are just memories, they’ll never happen again–not with him. I won’t eat “bait” again with him. It’s funny the things we hold on to, the things that seemed so insignificant at the time. I can’t glean a “lesson learned” from this, but I am trying. I have waited so long to meet someone who loves me. Where is he?
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2019-04-26T12:15:20Z
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https://witifulramblings.wordpress.com/2013/10/
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Porn
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Society
| 0.56102 |
wordpress
|
Any guesses as to what people are actually more scared of?
Undergraduates can select up to two NC State courses with posted letter grades of C- or below to exclude from their GPA. Students no longer have to repeat a course to take advantage of grade exclusion and are no longer limited to 100 or 200 level courses taken in their first year of enrollment.
The intention of this change is to provide greater flexibility for all undergraduates, especially new transfer students and new freshmen entering with lots of AP credit who were limited by the criteria of the First Year Course Repeat regulation.
More likely, however, Americans won’t have long to savor this new competence in government. NOAA has already been hit with budget cuts that will diminish its ability to track storms, and FEMA, like much of the federal government, will lose about a third of its funding over the next decade if Tea Party Republicans have their way.
Congressional Democrats and the White House were somewhat more successful this year in resisting cuts to FEMA that Republicans had proposed. But under the House Republicans’ plan to freeze discretionary spending at 2008 levels over a decade, FEMA cuts are inevitable. According to an analysis by the Center for American Progress’s Scott Lilly that takes into account inflation and population, this amounts to a 31 percent cut in real per capita spending on discretionary functions such as FEMA.
I really don’t think there’s much to add to this; it pretty much speaks for itself.
It may seem shocking just how unreliable your eyes can be. The ruling cites studies that showed eyewitnesses picking the wrong person out of a lineup as often as they picked the right one, along with another study showing that even when witnesses are told the person might not be in the lineup, they’ll choose an innocent person about a third of the time. The reason is that our memories may seem vivid, they’re often not as accurate as we think they are. While lineups are constructed of similar looking individuals precisely to force the witness to think strongly about what they remember, this may result in witnesses unconsciously conforming their memory to the available choices.
The most complex part of eyewitness misidentification, though, is the fact that people who wrongly identify someone are often really confident they’ve made the right choice — and that confidence is persuasive in court. The ruling notes that a previous ruling’s observation that while “there is almost nothing more convincing [to a jury] than a live human being who takes the stand, points a finger at the defendant, and says ‘That’s the one!’” the fact is that “accuracy and confidence may not be related to one another at all.” There’s not necessarily any malice in this — it’s simply an artifact of how our brains work.
I’ll throw in an obligatory plug for “Murder on a Sunday Morning” and the great 60 Minutes story on Ronald Cotton here.
The researchers found that students did not know “how to build a search to narrow or expand results, how to use subject headings, and how various search engines (including Google) organize and display results.” That means that some students didn’t understand how to search only for news articles, or only for scholarly articles. Most only know how to punch in keywords and hope for the best.
Not at all surprised. It is absolutely amazing and depressing how often students end up citing marginally relevant and totally peripheral articles all because for some reason they came up high on google. Typically, if I have an assignment where students are supposed to analyze a House campaign, they might just have 3 or 4 articles with titles like, “Rep Johnson presents $5 million check to local law enforcement” and be totally lacking in any larger strategic overviews of the race. Some day I’m actually going to spend some real time in class on this stuff. I feel like this should be someone else’s job (High School? Freshman composition?) but many of them clearly aren’t getting it.
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2019-04-21T10:58:25Z
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https://fullymyelinated.wordpress.com/2011/08/
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Porn
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Science
| 0.861318 |
wordpress
|
Another wonderful recipe from Bob’s Red Mill… ate way more this morning than I thought humanly possible. So good. When the pancakes burnt off all at once this afternoon, I stuffed my face with a sandwich and stuck the leftover garbanzos in the oven at 400ºF for 40 minutes coated in oil and a sprinkle of salt… as Jaden of Steamy Kitchen warned, they are indeed addictive!
VARIATION (3/19/16): Didn’t have wheat flour or enough milk, so I used all cornmeal in place of the flour, and replaced about half the milk with orange juice. (Note: leave out the baking soda in this case). I was a bit nervous whether they would hold together, so I used four eggs, but I’m not sure it is necessary to use so many. Otherwise, I followed the same recipe as below, and was pretty pleased with how they turned out. Thinner and crispier than most pancakes, but straightforward and delicious. I think I’d also like to try making these with oat flour next time for another gluten free alternative.
VARIATION (11/18/17): Made these again this morning, taking plenty of artistic license with the recipe. Took it to a whole new level of delicious, as my Philly family agreed! Used whole wheat flour and only 1 1/2 teaspoons of baking powder (might even be able to get away with just one). Then mixed in some Perfect Pinch “Chile & Lime” seasoning mix they had in the cupboard, and sprinkled a little canned corn on each pancake before flipping it. Yum!
Pour cornmeal into a medium bowl and pour boiling water over it. Add milk and beat in eggs. In a small bowl, sift together flour, baking soda and powder, and salt and mix into cornmeal mixture, along with the oil. Cook on a hot, lightly greased non-stick pan until golden on each side. Mmm!
This entry was posted in Breads and Baked Goods, Quick and easy, Vegan. Bookmark the permalink.
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2019-04-22T22:21:35Z
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https://pancakeflips.wordpress.com/2011/06/07/cornmeal-pancakes-and-roasted-garbanzos/
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.243324 |
tripod
|
I have written booklets on the Acadian families that settled in Acadieville.
to the present day. These lineages deal mainly with the people of eastern N.B.
PS: These booklets are in the french version only.
The complete collection of the 19 families is also available in one volume (Volume 2).
Pour placer une commande ou pour d`autres informations.
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2019-04-23T06:11:13Z
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http://layden-zella.tripod.com/Booklets.html
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.339843 |
wordpress
|
The year 303 AD brought with it an edict of persecution against Christians within the boundaries of the Roman empire. Diocletian was confident that such an edict would not only restrict but reduce the practice of Christianity within the empire. In many ways, he was correct. Many Christians left their faith behind when confronted with the harsh reality of imperial expectations. Others would not deny their faith but fled from Roman scrutiny at every turn–in effect, they hid their faith away so that it might not cost them their lives. Others, like Agathopodes and Theodulus, were unafraid of what imperial Rome could do but well aware of the cost associated with ceasing to preach the message and story their faith had infused into their lives.Theodulus, who once woke with a ring in his hand from a dream where an angel gave him a sign of his calling, was a young man associated with the Church in Thessalonica. Agathopodes was an elder and respected deacon in the same congregation as Theodulus. While others denied their faith and hid it away, Agathopodes and Theodulus boldly proclaimed the story to all who would listen. Thus, it comes as no surprise that they were eventually arrested, beaten, and dragged before the governor of Thessalonica–Faustinus.
When Faustinus had decided that Theodulus was unlikely to be swayed, he sent him away to another cell and brought Agathopodes in for questioning. He assured Agathopodes that Theodulus had already denied his faith and he encouraged Agathopodes to do the same. Agathopodes shook his head and called Faustinus a liar. Agathopodes knew Theodulus well and knew what that miraculous ring meant about his calling–Theodulus would be a martyr and now Agathopodes knew he would join him in that baptism of blood. Having convinced neither of the two men, he had them beaten once again and jailed. The next day they were forced to listen to a crowd of former Christians who urged them to deny their faith yet they were once again unswayed by Faustinus’ methods. Theodulus insisted, “Yes, you have conquered some of the weak but you will never conquer Christ’s strong warriors–no matter what tortures you devise.” In response, Faustinus determined to test their faith by immediately taking them to the place of execution and raising a blade above their necks. Theodulus cried out, “Glory to you, O God, the Father of my Lord Jesus Christ, who deigned to suffer for us. Here, by His grace, I am coming to You, and with joy I die for You!” Faustinus’ bluff failed and the faith of Agathopodes and Theodulus remained steady. They were once again beaten and jailed.
That night they prayed for quite some time before eventually falling asleep and having the same dream. In the dream they were on a ship in a vicious storm that threatened to capsize the vessel and eventually to beat them against the rocks of the nearby island. When they awoke, they conferred and gave thanks for what they expected to be their impending martyrdom. Finally, they were condemned by Faustinus to die for their faith. So, they were cast into the sea and brought by the waves against the jagged rocks of the shore. Shortly before dying, Agathopodes yelled to the assembled crowd, “This is our second baptism, which will wash away our sins. We shall come to Christ in purity.” The two men died as martyrs and their bodies were eventually recovered by Christians on the shore and buried.
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2019-04-23T08:26:16Z
|
https://joshuahearne.wordpress.com/2018/04/
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.392363 |
tripod
|
After a fortnight's stay in London, Phalke set sail for India fully confident and armed with the knowledge that he could make a feature film. He touched Bombay on April 1,1912 exactly 48 days before Torney's Pundalik was released at the Coronation Cinema. Whether Phalke ever saw this film is not recorded but a man so swept with the idea of making a feature film could not have missed noticing this effort which promised to eclipse his own. In any case, Phalke must have been far too busy to give the film a second thought for his real troubles began now.
Finance this time to make the film was still his insurmountable obstacle. With his newly acquired Williamson camera Phalke filmed another test short: a 100/200 foot film with his wife and children as artistes. This short gave his financier renewed courage and finance was made available but only against security. This was when Kaki Phalke, like a true dutiful Indian wife, offered her ornaments as a security for the loan, giving rise to this legend which is quoted even today in film industry circles.
There were other problems, the principal one being the dearth of artistes willing to work in films because of the stigma attached to the profession. Phalke took out a series of advertisements in Induprakash, a well-circulated Marathi newspaper of that time, welcoming auditions from "handsome faces". Only third-rate stage artistes applied. Finding women artistes was an even tougher job. Phalke even scoured red-light areas for suitable women artistes but did not meet with much success. Eventually he had to be satisfied with casting the slightly built Salunke as Taramati. D.D. Dabke was cast as Harishchandra while Phalke's own son Bhalchandra played Rohidas.
The actual production problems were even more complex. Shooting for Raja Harishchandra began soon after the monsoon of 1912 at the bungalow owned by Mathurdas Monji Waiji on Dadar Main Road, Phalke had to do everything: teach acting to the artistes, write the scenario, design and erect the set, direct the film and do the filming. That apart he had to work round the clock: shoot during the day and perforate the negative, develop the exposed film, print and edit it during the night. There was no alternative because no one really knew anything about making feature films.
Six months later, an edited 3700 feet of Raja Harishchandra was ready. Canny as usual, Phalke wrote the subtitles of the film in Hindi and English so as to reach the widest possible audience. Phalke's dream of producing a story-film like The Life Of Christ had come true. He arranged a preview of the film on April 21, 1913 at the Olympia cinema in Bombay (or the elite of the city. The film was commercially released on May 3, 1913 at the Coronation cinema.
The first response to Dadasaheb Phalke's Raja Harishchandra was not an enthusiastic one. People just could not believe that a feature-length film could be made by an Indian and thought it was some kind of a hoax. Or probably the curt single line "double admission rates will be charged" at the end of the advertisements proved to be a dampener. Indian audiences were used to paying half the price they paid for an ordinary cinema ticket to watch an all-night musical stage play. For them the charge of two annas for a mere 40-minute entertainment was ludicrous.
Phalke realised all this instinctively and decided that without the right marketing his film would be a eb Phalke. non-starter. The first thing that he did was to arrange a 10-15 minute dance programme by two European girls for the crucial first few days. Outside Bombay he tried to appeal to the masses by changing the tone of his advertising, which now began to stress that the film contained 50,000 "still photographs" (frames) and ran to a length of two miles. Written in this manner, the film seemed immensely long and the audience felt that it was getting its money's worth.
Finally, Phalke invited the representatives of leading newspapers to witness the show free, thus starting the practice of having press shows. The press was naturally enthused and wrote about the film in glowing terms. The Bombay Chronicle described it as "the first great Indian dramatic film" and "a remarkable triumph". The campaign was an immediate success. Crowds thronged to the theatre and the film was well on its way to becoming the legend that it is today. It must be underscored at this juncture that Phalke's intrinsic product was a good one and hence, his hard sell yielded results. For example, his trick scenes created with a simple hand-operated camera and a black curtain compare quite favourably with those created today. Phalke had also instinctively realised what the earlier pioneers had failed to understand: that it was not enough to produce a good film, it was more important to market it properly. He thus became his own distributor.
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2019-04-19T18:39:53Z
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http://pbhooshan.tripod.com/rajainfo.htm
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.077778 |
wordpress
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Aside from initial physical attraction, I’d say the next most attractive trait in a guy (or girl) is the ability to have deep meaningful conversations from time to time. I’m not saying you have to be serious 24/7, but at least have an opinion about current events and be able to share it in a conversation without being arrogant or a know-it-all or egotistical. I say every now and then because sometimes these conversations can turn into “did you hear about” competitions (at least for me and my family).
I like this trait right after confidence and being funny because this is what the quiet moments are made of. Sharing thoughts and ideas and opinions with someone you’re interested in. Not only interested in their lives, but interested in their perspective on life.
Being attracted to intellectuals is one thing, but what about being attracted to someone who is just very curious about life and may not be the smartest person but is definitely open to learning? That’s also something to admire.
Engaging in some healthy debate or providing a different way of looking at a topic is so good for mental stimulation. I feel like it really solidifies the bond between two people. Some studies even suggest an evolutionary reason women are drawn by intellect.
Women are attracted to intelligence because their ovaries can sense that choosing a smart mate means a better chance of having babies. Women are all about getting the best sperm to make their babies. If you like his brain, you’re going to like his sperm.
I know people who’ve said they actually strive not to have deep conversations, that they would rather spend their time being happy and making others happy. For example, some people would rather not watch or read anything to do with the news because it’s too depressing and sad or scary. But to me, just like everything else in life, a little moderation is good. Headline skimming can keep you informed without actually “ingesting” too much of the negativity, and only reading more in-depth based on topics you find most interesting. So for me personally, the police brutality reports in the United States was becoming way too overwhelming for my spirit, so I stopped reading or watching them in detail.
There are other people who would rather their partners not be as informed or intellectual because of experiences in the past where others were snobby about their “superior knowledge”. It can be quite intimidating and annoying. I always believe in introspection (check yourself before you wreck yourself!) so make sure you’re ego isn’t what’s being bruised by not knowing something.
If not, and you find people are being arrogant about knowing things, and aren’t really interested in respectfully sharing opinions and having healthy debate, then these aren’t people who you need to have deep conversations with. Add some distance in that aspect.
After the healthy debate, if you disagree on points, it’s also good if you can set that aside and continue to have a fun, light spirited relationship or friendship, no hard feelings, grudges, or judgement.
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2019-04-21T18:31:53Z
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https://mycimmykindalife.wordpress.com/2017/05/01/talk-smart-to-me/
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Porn
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News
| 0.966133 |
wordpress
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Right, enough rambling. That’s not why you’re here! 🙂 Let’s get down to business!!
First, I’d like to proudly present my friend from forever; ANNA, who I have recently tricked into this wonderfully addictive hobby. She went shopping the other day, and then sat down to create her first LO. Check it out on her blog, it’s FABUOLUS! I cannot believe this is her first one! My first one did definately not look that good… I’m proud of you my friend!!!
Then, time to share my latest stuff.
Products used: Kaisercraft pp, Magdas flowers, Robin’s Nest dewdrops, & alphas are Jenni Bowlin & Carolee’s Creations.
And then, a LO “just because”. Not many of those getting done nowadays, huh… 🙂 A LO full of Jillibean Soup stuff – looooooooooove their products!!!
As you know, I get most of my stuff from Scrappin’ Patch. Just thought I’d mention it again… 🙂 I posted a short tutorial on the forum today, to make a very simple, but cool card. Go check it out!
Thanks for stopping by, hope your week is a WONDERFUL week!!
Today I have a new LO up on the Swe scrapbook blog. 🙂 I’ve used the looooooovely new Pink Paislee “Amber Road” pp’s and embellies, together with Prima swirls & AC thickers. You can find most of these at Scrappin’ Patch.
The challenge today is to choose one of your own LO’s, draw a sketch based on that LO, and then create new LO from that sketch! Doesn’t that sound like fun???
You should try this if you haven’t already, and if you do – let me know!!
New challenges are up my friends!!!
Add some BG alphas, a Pink Paislee butterfly, some Pearlmaker and a fat lady in the photo, and you’re done!!!
Products used: Cosmo Cricket “Earth Love” pp’s and embellies, MM ribbon, Jenni Bowlin & AC alphas.
So, what’s the full story you ask? Well, I’ve decided to donate eggs to my girlfriend who has tried to get pregnant for about 7 years. I’m writing in a diary about this, and when the journey is over I will print it out and put on the back of the LO. If a child comes out of this, both that child and my children have the possibility to read about my thoughts during this process.
Apart from the Cosmo pp’s and embellies, I have used chipboard from 2Crafty, Robin’s Nest dewdrops, Tim Holtz tickets, and alphas from AC & Pink Paislee. I have also used a SU slit punch on one of the paper strips.
Almost all of the stuff I use to creat with nowadays, can be found @ Scrappin’ Patch. Apart from great supplies they also have AMAZING service, and I’m not just saying that. You can trust me on this!!!
OK. So here’s a crazy LO for you. All I can say is – I blame LILO! It’s totally her fault that all of this stuff is on the LO that says “you’re sitting nicely”.
On Monday, my FIRST LO was posted on the SWE Scrapbook blog, and today the second one. It’s soooooo cool to see my work up there, together with the other awsome girls creations. That place just ooooozzzzezzz of inspiration and talent, you can almost taste it!!
Products used; paper from Sassafras Lass, Jenni Bowlin & Pebbles, embellies from Sassafras Lass & flowers from Prima. The alphas are Carolee’s Creations and Heidi Swapp.
The title on this one says “aunty Godmother”, and apart from the buttons & BG alphas it’s ALL BoBunny yummies on there!!
And I love this LO. And I’m allowed to say so, because it’s my blog!!!
It took me 15 minutes to complete this LO, because the recipe from Ruth was so great! It’s my example for this weeks Spring it on challenge at the Sketchbook.
Products used: Paper from Upsy Daisy & October Afternoon, old book page, flowers from Prima, Kaisercraft pearls, measure thingie from October Afternoon, tickets & plate form Tim Holtz, Rose Moka alphas, misc feathers & brown ink.
And now – back to my sick and grumpy offspring!!
The pp’s on this LO are Upsy Daisy. I did it for their DT call, but as I didn’t manage to complete my other two projects for them I never applied. Ah well. Maybe next time! Have also used Prima flowers, leaves and holiday light glitter spray, BG alphas, K&co key, Tim Holtz ticket & Robin’s Nest dewdrops.
Products used: Cosmo Cricket pp’s and embellies, Tim Holtz tickets, Pink Paislee & AC alphas & misc string. The title says “Beautiful, wonderful you”. Love that photo of Tova! I used a sketch from Inspired Blueprints for this LO.
… I’d like to share a couple of LO’s with you. Because I said I would!
First, a LO for the second SPRING IT ON challenge over at the Sketchbook. The LO is made from a sketch from this talented Swedish girl. The title says “hair”, and I’ve used BoBunny pp’s and embellies, a BG brad & Collage Press alphas on the LO.
Products used: Bazzill swiss dotted cs “salt” attacked with blue ink & blue glimmer mist. Used my traced butterfly (from a Pink Pailsee chipboard) as a mask, filled it with a little bit of green ink. Drew the swirly thing myself, stamped with a script stamp, again with blue ink. Journaling & title done with a black pen.
And before I go I’d like to say a HUGE THANKS for all your nice comments about my new position on Swe Scrapbook!!! All your praise goes straight to my heart!!!
I am SO honoured to say I am now part of the DT @ one of the most popular (if not THE MOST popular) challenge blog in Sweden; Swe Scrapbook. They had a DT call a couple of weeks ago, and I almost fell off my chair when I got the email welcoming me to their team! The talant on that team is just extraordinary. It’ a big team, because there’s a new challenge set EVERY DAY! Even if you don’t understand Swedish, or don’t want to particpate in challenges, just go there for inspiration. There’s a truck load of that every day!!! My presentation will be up in a couple of days, and my first challenge example in about a wekk. But don’t worry, you won’t miss it. I won’t let you!!!
Well, I just had to share that with y’all… To not leave this post photo free; here’s a VERY simple LO that I have done for a challenge on a Swedish blog. The challenge was to use black/white and one other colour. FOr some reason I chose purple that I almost NEVER use!
Products used: Bazzill cs, Prima packaging & flower, misc journaling tag & ribbon, pins from Spotlight, heart cut out from a MME pp.
Bye for now, will be back tomorrow to share some more. I’m gonna get back to jumping of joy now! Ciao!
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2019-04-18T19:27:10Z
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https://swewi.wordpress.com/2009/09/
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Porn
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Business
| 0.510801 |
google
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LITINVS portraits are precisely cut brilliants from photograph that, when examined using a special Photo Gemstone Viewer, display portrait engraved gemstone from below (fixed position) and photograph from the above.
RETURN PERIODICALLY ADDITIONAL PICTURES COMING SOON!
Consumers will be confident that the portrait engraved gemstone that they purchase as a LITINVS cut is exactly what it is claimed to be from the photograph, a Gemstone with a scientific abjective certificate.
Portrait engraved gemstones shows accurately identified from photograph.
Indicate gemstone portrait precision cut have the endorsement of an internationally respected independent authority.
The Photo Gemstone Viewer phenomenon patented by LITINVS a hand-held viewing and compare photo with gemstone the pattern is a critical component of the product it appears all LITINVS portraits that have precise proportions and symmetry from the photograph. High relief and the marvellous quality of permanence in the gemstone material in which it is cut ; at the same time it must be highly polished surface as to the person represented from photograph.
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2019-04-18T22:37:15Z
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https://sites.google.com/site/portraitcameosite/photo-gemstone-viewer
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Porn
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Shopping
| 0.472827 |
wordpress
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The legislative session in Albany is drawing to a close and New York’s State Senators have failed to pass a single piece of legislation to protect the public from irresponsible gas fracking. This Wednesday, May 30, join us by rallying and/or making phone calls demanding that the Senate Republican Majority pass legislation to require the state to conduct a heath impact assessment and determine the effects that fracking might have on ourselves and our children.
Why is a health impact assessment needed?
The state refused to conduct an assessment of potential health impacts associated with fracking as part of its review process to determine whether it will allow high-volume fracking in NY, despite the growing body of evidence that gas extraction operations are making people sick. The medical community has taken several actions this year to warn the state not to allow fracking in New York without understanding its health impacts, and now it’s your turn. Notably, in October 2011, 250 doctors wrote the state to demand a health impact assessment on fracking, and in December 2011, 19 cancer-based advocacy organizations followed suit.
S.6772, sponsored by Sen. Avella, would require NY to conduct a comprehensive health impact assessment on fracking and require the state to implement the assessment’s recommendations. For this legislation to move in the Senate, it needs the support of the Senate Republican Majority, the members of which who have thus far done nothing to protect the public from fracking.
All actions take place on Wednesday, May 30 from 12pm-1pm.
Want to do more or can’t attend a rally? Call Republican Senators who have not yet supported health impact assessment and demand support!
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2019-04-19T16:44:09Z
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https://mayflytyer.wordpress.com/2012/05/29/doctors-orders-join-call-to-action-for-health-impact-assessment-on-fracking-on-wednesday-may-30/
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Porn
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Health
| 0.956802 |
wordpress
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The blog of the UK office of the radical independent publisher.
Is this the place to ask if we have a due date yet for malcolm bull’s anti-nietzsche? all info seems to still point to 1st february.
Thanks for your email. The book is going to be late and I’m afraid we have no date, as yet, as to when we will be able to publish it. At the moment, it seems that the book will be out some time in 2010.
is there ever a chance of publishing something of Mario Tronti’s? Finding anything of his in translation seems rather difficult, and I don’t have access to an academic library. Besides, he would be a great fit for your “Radical Thinkers” series– too few English-readers know about his work!
Here the new website of Bedeutung: http://www.bedeutung.co.uk which includes, in the ‘magazine’ section, original entries by Critchley, Douzinas, Zizek, Coker, Castoriadis, Nick Davies, Mouzelis, Bostrom etc.
Also, there is a new ‘blog’ where we publicize material from various sources, including documentaries, lectures, articles, interviews and more.
Finally, in the ‘library’ section, we are building a large collection of text and audio resources for our visitors – all readable and/or downloadable for free.
In the name of ideological convergence and camaraderie, may we propose an exchange of resources, as well as suggest that you consider adding our website to your list of ‘favourites’, here on your blog’s right column, under whichever heading you might see fit.
We should be more than inclined to include news from Verso in our blog, library and our own list of friends, currently in development.
I am trying to find out if you are publishing a book by Moshe Sand regarding Palestinians and Jews? If so, has it been published yet?
Here the links to two the recordings of events that happened in NY last week.
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2019-04-20T13:19:13Z
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https://versouk.wordpress.com/about/
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Porn
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News
| 0.960676 |
asianscreens
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110367 Makoto Toda x Natural High - This Miss is OK With Pervs (Special) SOD Star Ver. - Let's Mess Around Daily With This Hot Nursery School Teacher Until She's OK With What We Do!
96578 Makoto Toda x Rank Amateurs, Virgins Doing It For the First Time - 5 Real Virgin Fans We Got Through T__tter!
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2019-04-18T10:42:40Z
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http://asianscreens.com/makoto_toda2.asp
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Porn
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Porn
| 0.944782 |
wordpress
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In Berdyaev’s philosophy of freedom, the most important thing is the fundamental idea of a person. A person realizes his own, human dignity, making a choice, absolutely dependent on his will. After a person makes a choice, he is no longer free from his own choice. His freedom ends where the moment of making a choice comes.
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2019-04-24T22:57:22Z
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https://4threvolutionarywar.wordpress.com/tag/nikolai-berdyaev/
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.205894 |
salon
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Facebook is getting into the mobile payments services industry. Move over PayPal? According to a variety of sources, including The Associated Press, Facebook has “a very small test” in the works for its new mobile payment platform. Although as of yet there is no set schedule for when this service will go live, it might just change the way you shop online, particularly on mobile devices.
AllThingsD reports that the newest test would allow users to permanently link their credit card information to their Facebook login, which could then be used to make purchases on a large number of partnering websites. As of right now, Facebook says that it has no plans to handle the actual processing of the payments, and will continue to use third party payment processing services like PayPal and Braintree.
For many, Facebook’s new payments test may seem like a natural extension of all the things Facebook already does for us. After all, we can already use our Facebook information to log on to any number of websites, therefore saving ourselves the agony and frustration of remembering a million different sets of login information. Still, some posit that this new service is not an entirely altruistic move on Facebook’s part.
Even if the service’s only purpose is to gather more information about me and my shopping habits, I am probably still okay with that. After all, if it saves me the trouble of re-entering my credit card information each and every time I want to make an impulse purchase, it is probably a good thing, right? Right.
I, for one, welcome our new Facebook overlords.
Would you save your credit card information with Facebook? Have you considered the possibility that, in the very near future, we will be able to use our Facebook profiles in lieu of a government issued passport?
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2019-04-20T10:52:37Z
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https://www.salon.com/2013/09/12/facebook_gets_into_the_mobile_payments_business_newscred/
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Porn
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Shopping
| 0.962224 |
wordpress
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It is a crisp cool Sunday morning! We’ve just turned the clocks back one hour as Daylight Savings Time has ended. If you are not sure what I mean…..In the Spring, we spring ahead! In the Fall, we fall back!
Looking outside I can see spider webs glistening on the branches of our deciduous trees. The trees’ leaves have started to curl and swing in the breeze threatening to fall, but not before they turn bright orange, yellow and red. I went outside just now to take these photos.
This is just the beginning and soon there will be piles and piles of leaves on the ground. Yes, it’s Autumn in Canada.
Thank you Leona! Guess you know what I’ll be doing for the next few weeks……raking!
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2019-04-19T12:55:40Z
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https://petroshasblog.wordpress.com/2017/11/05/colours-of-autumn/
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Porn
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Recreation
| 0.93546 |
wikipedia
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^ Official Web Site of the Suez Canal Authority.
^ Constantinople Convention of the Suez Canal of 2 March 1888 still in force and specifically maintained in Nasser's Nationalisation Act.
^ Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th edition, s.v. "Suez Canal" 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2011-07-21.. Retrieved 8 August 2008.
^ Hess, Richard S. Rev. of Israel in Egypt: The Evidence for the Authenticity of the Exodus Tradition, by James K. Hoffmeier. The Denver Journal 1 (1 January 1998). Retrieved 14 May 2008.
^ Hassan, F. A. & Tassie, G. J. Site location and history (2003). Kafr Hassan Dawood On-Line, Egyptian Cultural Heritage Organization. Retrieved 8 August 2008.
^ （西班牙文） Martínez Babon, Javier. "Consideraciones sobre la Marinay la Guerra durante el Egipto Faraónico" 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期2012-02-01.. Retrieved 14 May 2008.
^ Jona Lendering. Darius' Suez Inscriptions. Livius.org. [24 August 2011].
^ Salt-Corroded Tunnel Undergoes Major Renovation. Kajima.co.jp. [24 August 2011].
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2019-04-25T07:45:17Z
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https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%98%87%E4%BC%8A%E5%A3%AB%E9%81%8B%E6%B2%B3
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.73551 |
yahoo
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Ivanka Trump was joined at the White House on Wednesday for a discussion on ways to improve the clemency process by Kim Kardashian West. While the meeting’s focus was on prison reform, Trump appeared to be acknowledging Kardashian West’s passion for fashion as well, pulling outfit inspiration from the reality star’s husband.
While it seems Kardashian West found a place for herself in politics after assisting in the president’s decision to pardon Alice Marie Johnson for a nonviolent drug conviction, Kanye West may have as well — especially when it comes to the outfit choices of the White House adviser and first daughter.
In a photo posted to Instagram, Trump is wearing a mint green suit alongside Van Jones, Kardashian West, and Trump’s husband, Jared Kushner. The $735 suit from Sandro — which is currently sold separately at a total of $294 — is not unlike the Virgil Abloh for Louis Vuitton suit that Kanye West wore to rapper 2 Chainz’s wedding a few weeks ago.
However, West and Trump are not the only two hopping on the trend bandwagon. Rapper Jay-Z was also seen rocking a similar look in his music video for “Ape****” alongside his wife, Beyoncé. While he wore a total of six suits in the video, the green Dries Van Noten one Jay wore while standing in the Louvre in front of the Mona Lisa stood out to fans and fellow celebs alike.
Black Panther star Chadwick Boseman appears to also be following suit, wearing a similar Louis Vuitton set to the British GQ Men of the Year Awards on Wednesday night.
Although people on Twitter haven’t responded kindly to Trump’s look, with one person saying she looks like “Barbie playing politics,” it’s evident that the adviser is just trying to stay on trend.
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2019-04-24T01:53:57Z
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https://ca.style.yahoo.com/ivanka-trump-channels-kanye-west-jay-z-light-green-suit-meeting-kim-kardashian-165930662.html?src=rss
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Porn
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Shopping
| 0.620207 |
wordpress
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Clouds in Wisconsin shot September 12, 2012.
Clouds shot near Madison, Wisconsin.
We have company so I wasn’t able to post yesterday! We went to the water park Kalahari so I will post about that tomorrow.
The other day there was a big cloud formation over Kohl’s in Madison, Wisconsin. It was hard to see how the photo was being framed while looking at the camera’s digital screen because of the sun and flare.
I love all the Vera Wang products at Kohl’s.
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2019-04-23T10:10:31Z
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https://critichousewife.wordpress.com/tag/clouds/
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Porn
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Shopping
| 0.631926 |
wordpress
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This is for me the ultimate nursery food: a comforting dish, oozing butter and cream with the hidden treasure of a soft, nourishing yolk in the middle!
Choose duck eggs for a change, they are lovely at the moment. This couple of ducks were shot in the Wetland Centre in Barnes: A great place for ducks and birds of all feathers but get your eggs from elsewhere.
Tonight I am using Elizabeth David recipe found in “French country cooking”, first published in 1951. The result was as delicious as I recalled… The traditional recipe includes ham so I added that in for memories sake. For a bigger egg (and more yolk to dip the bread in!), I used large duck eggs. I fantasise one day of using one single goose egg to make one big “oeuf cocotte” in a large soufflé dish, for example. But usually, some Le creuset terracotta ramequins are better suited though and give each guest a lovely individual dish to delve into… Elizabeth David talks of “little fireproof china dishes”, but you can be creative and use any small pot so long as it goes into the oven.
Cut a rough circle of ham and put it at the bottom of the dish. Heat the oven to fairly hot and put a blob of butter on top of the ham. Leave the dish in the oven until the butter has melted. Then crack an egg in each dish and cover with a good spoonful of cream. Leave to cook for 5 to 8 min. or until the white is set and the yolk still runny. Do not overcook or the dish is ruined! Simple but crucial.
Serve hot with a pinch of chopped tarragon and some cracked pepper. Some buttered olive bread from Chez Paul tonight made a welcome contribution to help us enjoy the hidden treasure inside the cream. I used to like my oeuf cocotte with plain soldiers but this is a matter of taste. This is regressive, comforting food if there was any – so no rules but family tradition must prevail!
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2019-04-25T12:10:11Z
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https://travelsaroundmykitchen.wordpress.com/tag/french-provincial-cooking/
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Porn
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Kids
| 0.516419 |
wordpress
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The winners of the National Book Critics Circle Awards were announced at a ceremony filled with folks from all corners of the literary community on March 13th, 2014 at The New School Auditorium in New York. The award ceremony celebrated some of the best and brightest authors and books of 2013. Some of the highlights included a humbled Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie thanking fellow nominee Alice McDermott (Someone), who had been her teacher at John Hopkins and Anthony Marra receiving the first ever John Leonard Prize for his stunning debut novel, A Constellation of Vital Phenomena.
Congratulations to all the finalists and winners from last nights ceremony!
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2019-04-22T06:21:57Z
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https://ncreadergirl.wordpress.com/2014/03/14/the-national-book-critics-circle-award-winners/
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Porn
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Arts
| 0.935198 |
wordpress
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Next meeting: 8.00pm, Thursday 26 July, 48 Stafford Road.
If you would like to attend, please contact the Hon Sec, Jannet King, in advance on 509653.
Either return in envelope or complete online.
Deadline: 5pm, Monday 16th July.
The Exeter Street Hall survey is an essential component in our plan to provide a truly inclusive space for the Prestonville community.
You can return the questionnaire in the envelope provided, or, complete it online. It should take no more than 10 minutes.
By completing the questionnaire, you will help us to find out how the hall is currently used and how it should be used in the future.
The hall with cleaned up walls, a new floor and all storage removed.
Over recent months, TheHallGetInvolved’s building team has started to look at the interior design on the hall. The aim is to make the hall space as flexible as possible, so that we can cater for a wide range of activities.
The image above is the first produced by Gareth Wellock, a Prestonville resident who specialises is producing 3D visualisations. Gareth has joined the building team to help convert ideas into realistic visions of the hall as it could look. It’s important to remember that these designs are simply ideas at this stage. We will need to speak to all groups who currently use the hall to assess the impact of any suggested changes.
What else is the building team doing?
As many of you will know, the hall is in a poor state and needs some major refurbishment. The roof needs replacing and the heating system overhauled. In fact there’s not much that we can leave alone if we want to upgrade the hall and make it fit for purpose for another 100 years. This has given us an opportunity to think radically about environmentally friendly solutions whilst bearing in mind that we have to be realistic. We’ve had talks with renewable energy consultants EnergyMyWay and and some valuable advice from Oliver Heath who came along to look at the hall in June.
Along with draught proofing and insulation, we are also looking at a range of options for renewable, low carbon and carbon neutral heating. Harvesting rain water from the roof and using it to flush the toilets is being looked into and could be installed at the same time as a replacement roof. There is a huge amount of work to do here. Although decisions are a long way off, we are all committed to making the hall a place that the community can be proud of.
Or next round of designs will follow the survey which went out to all homes in the Prestonville area this week. Have you returned yours? An online version of the survey is available.
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2019-04-21T13:00:04Z
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https://prestonvilleblog.wordpress.com/2012/07/
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A good portion of the reading world, including the 2010 Booker Prize jury, finds Harold Jacobson’s now-shortlisted The Finkler Question (a study of three men, two of them Jews, one a major wannabe Jew) hilarious — I found it tedious. Before I read Jacobson, I had ordered Michael Wex’s The Frumkiss Family Business, a novel about three generations of a Jewish family in Toronto by an author whose best-known previous work was titled Born to Kvetch. I confess that when I began this novel I was rather worried that it would confirm my inability to appreciate this kind of humor. Fear not! However funny or unfunny Jacobson’s book may be (maybe it just didn’t hit my funny bone), this Canadian-authored entry into the world of Yiddish humour had me chuckling, laughing and sometimes roaring from start to finish.
…back in Poland two years later, he published his first novel, anonymously and at his own expense. A contemporary critic described Memoirs of Jesus’ Moyel, the man who circumcised Christ, as “the first plea for a pogrom ever to have been issued in Yiddish.” It was condemned by the government, forget about the church, and not a single copy is known to have survived. Those who saw it — and there were plenty — said that it was a virtual encyclopedia of foreskin jokes and anti-Christian slurs, including a number invented by Faktor himself, all of it presented as the after-dinner speeches from the banquet portion of Jesus’ circumcision. The Nazarene’s foreskin was described as broad, leathery and marked with the sign of the cross; no matter how often the narrative sliced it off, it grew back again in a very few minutes, which is why he was able to make so many speeches.
Faktor becomes a major factor (sorry) in Yiddish culture, contemptuously dubbed later as “the Soupy Sales of Yiddish literature” by one jealous rival, and is well-known for a variety of works including his first and greatest musical hit “Dem Pogromtshiks Viglid”, The Pogromist’s Lullaby. It was inspired by a Yiddish actress (Temke in Yiddish, known as Tammy the Fishing Rod due to her a) large bust and b) slender everything else). He not only writes Yiddish plays, he marries Temke and fathers his first child; is heartbroken when Tammy dies suddenly. Having survived the Holocaust and the war in Europe, the disconsolate Faktor emigrates to Toronto in 1947 where his future is taken in hand by the woman who will become his second wife — Chana, known to Gentile Toronto as Mrs. Aubrey from the very fancy china shop she owns and runs (it was set up under her first husband’s name and benefited from his society connections — she sees no reason to abandon either after his death and her remarriage).
Manipulating her connections to perfection, Mrs. Aubrey finds Faktor work at the CBC on a children’s show: “The character that Faktor played on The New Curiosity Shop, an ill-tempered, verse-spouting puppet called Yankee Gallstone, was a dodo bird whose white hair and horn-rimmed glasses had been modelled on Glashteyn” (the critic who had come up with the Soupy Sales tag). From here on in, The Frumkiss Family Business is about the succeeding Faktor generations and how they relate to the great Yiddish poet, fondly known to generations of Canadian children as the dodo-bird puppet, Yankee Goldstone. If you grew up Canadian and are now thinking of The Friendly Giant, you are on the same page as I am.
Earl Frumkiss, who lends his name to the title, is not one of Faktor’s children. He marries the patriarch’s first daughter, named Tammy after her mother; is Canada’s best-known podiatrist (founder and owner of the Frumkiss Family Foot Care Clinic, famous for its television ads featuring the founder) and fathers the third generation of Faktors — Vanessa and the twins, Randall and Rachel — who will carry the bulk of the novel from here on.
Factor and Chana bought them a custom-built house in the fanciest part of the nearly all-Jewish enclave known as Bathurst Manor: the far east end of Blue Forest Drive right next to the entrance to the day camp in the valley. The valley is really a ravine, but ravine must have sounded too Jewish. With their indoor and outdoor pools and a billiard room, with pool tables, cues and pool-room lighting on the lower level, the Frumkisses didn’t need any stinking day camp.
Rachel’s first period came in the middle of a school day and Vanessa made sure that the whole class found out. “She wasn’t even wearing a Kotex. She’s spreading her cooties all over the building.” Cooties, the Rachnik’s cooties, became a big thing in that tiny junior high. Kids wouldn’t sit at a desk or a bench that she’d just got up from; they developed elaborate purification rituals centred around punches and pinches to cleanse themselves of any inadvertent physical contact with her. Vanessa got six of her biggest fans to sing a song she wrote to the tune of “I Will Survive,” “Rach makes me retch”.
All of that is just set up, of course. By the time the novel gets to the present day, Vanessa has morphed through a number of roles (she’s stunningly beautiful to considerable advantage in them all) and is married to a rabbi in Israel, although as its prime fund-raiser in North America, she is responsible for the viability of the strict sect that he leads. Introverted Randall is a stand-up Yiddish comedian (geriatric stags are his most lucrative form of gig) with “nothing to lose”, with a partner who wants to get into writing children’s television shows (alas, she and Faktor don’t get along). Rachel has settled into Bathurst Manor as a proper repressed housewife, never fully recovered from grade seven; husband Howie is “the Man” when it comes to bankruptcy at the accounting firm where he is vice-president. Faktor, meanwhile, has acquired a potential biographer who is very, very interested in his notebooks (written in Yiddish) which offer the prospect of establishing the manipulative accolyte as a pre-eminent Yiddish scholar. Chana, at 90, is more than prepared for her turn at centre stage as the grieving widow.
And then Faktor finally dies, bringing all these characters and their peculiarities together for a vaudeville-like series of encounters, most centred around preparations for, performance of and follow-up to his funeral. Wex has been very funny all along the way but he does save the best for the last — and it is an extended “last”.
Okay, the novel does have many stereotypes and cliches, but the author’s tongue is tucked so firmly in his cheek that I accepted them willingly. Wex has a rare ability to plant an understandable aspect of sympathetic humanity in every one of his otherwise mutilated characters — and they alternate between the despairingly likable and incredibly grotesque as the action unfolds.
Honesty in reviewing requires that I acknowledge that I am not sure just how long I will remember all aspects of The Frumkiss Family Business. While it does have a central story, in many ways the book is a collection of incidents that flow continuously from one to the other — and I am certain that a number of those incidents will keep coming back to mind. If you are looking for some escapist reading that is totally irreverant and very, very funny, you could do a lot worse than picking up a copy of Wex’s book.
Finally, permit me an indulgence. The author was not very well served by the cover designer of this novel, but he was brilliantly served by the designer of Born to Kvetch. Have a look at that (this version is from the audio book, read by Wex himself), and you will see a visual representation of the kind of humor that Michael Wex brings to the printed page. My thanks to author Linda Grant, who drew my attention to this cover when I mentioned The Frumkiss Family Business on another blog. This also gives me the opportunity to recommend Grant’s The Clothes on Their Backs, shortlisted (and my favorite) for the 2008 Booker Prize. Her far more serious and literary novel also features an extended family of Jewish refugees, in London rather than Toronto — if you are looking for a serious counterpoint to Wex’s irreverance, it fits the bill.
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2019-04-20T23:06:57Z
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https://kevinfromcanada.wordpress.com/category/author/wex-michael/
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In London, a diverse array of athletics stretching from football to tennis have further granted its city the spotlight throughout the world. London has hosted the Olympic Games in 1908, 1948, and most recently in 2012, making it the most frequently chosen city in modern Olympic history. Other popular sports in London include cricket, rowing, rugby, basketball, and most recently American Football.
London has hosted the Summer Olympics in 1908 at White City and 1948 at Wembley Stadium. In July 2005 London was chosen to host the Games in 2012, making it the first city in the world to host the Summer Olympics three times.
London hosted the Paralympic Games in 2012, for the first time.
The 2012 games saw massive development in the East End of London, particularly Stratford, which is home to the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park, Olympic Stadium and many major venues. Other events were spread out across the city, from Wembley Stadium in the north-west to Wimbledon in the south.
London hosted the second British Empire Games (now known as the Commonwealth Games) at White City Stadium in 1934.
London has a special place in the history of football. The playing of football in London has been well documented since it was first outlawed in 1314. In the sixteenth century the headmaster of St Paul's School, Richard Mulcaster, is credited with taking mob football and transforming it into organised and refereed team football. The modern game of football was first codified in 1863 in London and subsequently spread worldwide. Key to the establishment of the modern game was Londoner Ebenezer Cobb Morley who was a founding member of The Football Association, the oldest football organisation in the world. Morley wrote to Bell's Life newspaper proposing a governing body for football which led directly to the first meeting at the Freemasons' Tavern in central London of the FA. He wrote the first set of rules of true modern Association football at his house in Barnes. The modern passing game was invented in London in the early 1870s by the Royal Engineers A.F.C..
Football is now the most popular spectator sport in London, and the city has several of England's leading clubs. Most London clubs are named after the district in which they play (or used to play). Historically the London clubs have not accumulated as many trophies as those from the north-west of England, such as Liverpool and Manchester United, but at present Arsenal (founded at Woolwich Arsenal but playing in Holloway), and Chelsea (who actually play in Fulham) are regarded as two of the Premier League's "big four" alongside Manchester United and Liverpool. In 2003–04 they became the first pair of London clubs to finish first and second in the top flight, with Arsenal winning. In 2004–05 they did so again, this time with Chelsea winning. In 2009–10, three of the top four places were occupied by London sides—Chelsea (champions), Arsenal (3rd) and Tottenham Hotspur (4th). This meant that the 2010–11 season would see three London clubs in the UEFA Champions League for the first time ever.
London clubs are able to charge higher ticket prices than clubs in other parts of the country (particularly for corporate facilities), and this has swung English football's balance of power towards London. Before Chelsea's recent rise in fortunes the two highest profile London clubs were Arsenal and their long-standing North London rivals Tottenham, both of whom were considered to be members of English football's "big five" for most of the post-war period. The 2016–17 Premier League features five London clubs: Arsenal, Tottenham, Chelsea, Crystal Palace and West Ham United.
As of the 2015–16 season, there are nine London clubs in the fully professional Football League (the three divisions below the Premiership), namely AFC Wimbledon, Barnet, Brentford, Charlton Athletic, Dagenham & Redbridge, Fulham, Leyton Orient, Millwall and Queens Park Rangers. There are also numerous London clubs playing outside the top four divisions of English football, one or two of which are fully professional and many of which are part-time professional. Hackney Marshes in east London, home to many amateur sides, is reportedly the single largest collection of football pitches in the world.
Wembley Stadium, in north-west London, is the national football stadium (and was also the home of Tottenham Hotspur from 2017-2019), and is traditionally the home of the FA Cup Semi-finals and Final, League Cup Final and England's home internationals. The old stadium was closed in 2000 to be demolished and completely rebuilt, and the new stadium opened in 2007. Cardiff's Millennium Stadium was the venue for FA Cup finals during the reconstruction, while England played at various venues around the country. Wembley was one of the venues for the 1966 FIFA World Cup and the 1996 European Football Championship, and hosted the final of both tournaments. It also was the venue for the European Cup final in 1968, 1978 and 1992. Wembley will host the semi-finals and finals of the Euro 2020 after winning the right to host the semi-finals and finals when Germany withdrew their bid. As well as football matches, Wembley has hosted many other sporting events, including the rugby league Challenge Cup final.
In 2006, Arsenal moved half a kilometre to Emirates Stadium in Lower Holloway. Since 1913 the club had played at Arsenal Stadium in Highbury. Prior to 1913, Arsenal played near the Royal Arsenal in Woolwich.
Barnet, promoted to Football League Two for the 2015–16 season, play at The Hive Stadium in Canons Park.
Brentford play at Griffin Park in Brentford.
Charlton Athletic plays at The Valley in Charlton.
Chelsea play at Stamford Bridge in Fulham, west of Chelsea.
Crystal Palace play at Selhurst Park in Selhurst, south of Crystal Palace.
Dagenham & Redbridge play at Victoria Road in Dagenham.
Fulham play at Craven Cottage in Fulham.
Leyton Orient play at Brisbane Road in Leyton.
Millwall play at The Den, formerly known as The New Den, in Bermondsey. The club, founded in Millwall in 1885, moved from their previous home ground in New Cross, also called The Den, in 1993.
Queens Park Rangers play at Loftus Road in Shepherd's Bush, south of Queens Park. The stadium was also used by Fulham F.C. between 2002 and 2004.
Prior to 2017, Tottenham Hotspur played at White Hart Lane in Tottenham. In 2017, Tottenham Hotspur moved to Wembley Stadium in north-west London until March 2019, when they finally moved to their new home ground Tottenham Hotspur Stadium.
In 2016, West Ham United moved to Olympic Stadium in Stratford. Prior to 2016, West Ham United played at the Boleyn Ground in Upton Park, near West Ham.
AFC Wimbledon and Kingstonian, the latter of which currently compete in the Isthmian League Premier Division, play at Kingsmeadow in Kingston upon Thames, west of Wimbledon. The stadium was originally owned by Kingstonian, but is now owned by AFC Wimbledon. Before moving to Milton Keynes, Wimbledon F.C. played at Plough Lane in Wimbledon until 1991 and then were tenants of Crystal Palace at Selhurst Park until 2003.
Hayes & Yeading United, who play in National League South, currently groundshare with Maidenhead United in Maidenhead, Berkshire whilst awaiting the completion of renovations to their own ground in the borough of Hillingdon.
Sutton United, also playing in the National League, play at Gander Green Lane, in Sutton.
Bromley, who play in the National League, play at Hayes Lane in Bromley, which is in Greater London.
Carshalton Athletic, playing in the Isthmian League Division One South, play at the War Memorial Sports Ground, in Carshalton, South London.
Dulwich Hamlet, currently in the Isthmian League Premier Division, play at Champion Hill in East Dulwich. Fisher, successor to the defunct Fisher Athletic, are their tenants.
Hampton and Richmond play at the Beveree Stadium in Hampton.
Tooting & Mitcham United play at Imperial Fields in Morden.
London has two Test cricket grounds (a rare distinction in world cricket): Lord's and The Oval. Lord's, located in St John's Wood, is owned by Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) and is also home to Middlesex County Cricket Club, the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB), the European Cricket Council (ECC) and, until August 2005, the International Cricket Council (ICC). Lord's is widely referred to as the "Home of Cricket" and is home to the world's oldest sporting museum. The Twenty20 Cup, Minor Counties Cricket Championship and many other Championship finals are held at Lord's.
The Oval in Kennington, home of Surrey CCC, became the first ground in England to host international Test cricket in September 1880. The Oval was also an important location for football: England's first international match (against Scotland) was held there in 1870, and it was the location of the first FA Cup final (in 1872), and later finals between 1874 and 1892.
Cricket is very well organised and established within London, is the second most popular sport after football. Essex County Cricket Club has formerly used venues throughout London including Ilford, Leyton Cricket Ground, Romford and Billericay. Essex Eagles are in discussions to play Twenty20 matches at Olympic Stadium. Kent County Cricket Club also regularly play at Beckenham.
Rugby union is also well established in London, especially in the middle-class suburbs to the north and west of the city. Four of the twelve clubs in the Aviva Premiership have London origins, although only two of them now play in London.
The two clubs that play in London are Harlequins, which play at The Stoop, and Saracens, which play at Allianz Park in Hendon. London Irish shares Madejski Stadium, a football ground outside the boundaries of Greater London in Reading (though still in the metropolitan area). Wasps left the London commuter belt entirely in December 2014, moving to Coventry and purchasing Ricoh Arena, a major football ground. In more recent years, a modern tradition has seen these four clubs play out of Twickenham during the first round of the Premiership, in a double-header.
Apart from the traditional elite clubs, London Welsh, currently in the RFU Championship, have bounced between the Premiership and Championship in recent years, having either been promoted to or relegated from the Premiership in each season since 2011–12. From their first Premiership season in 2012–13 to their most recent in 2014–15, they shared a football ground outside the commuter belt, Kassam Stadium in Oxford, but they have now returned to Greater London at Old Deer Park in Richmond. Two London-based clubs compete in the Championship—Ealing Trailfinders, from the North London borough of Ealing, and London Scottish, also based in Richmond. Another club from the immediate London area has recently played in the Championship before being relegated to National League 1—Esher, located just outside Greater London in Hersham, last played in the Championship in 2011–12. In addition to the professional clubs, many amateur sides exist and include teams such as London Nigerian who draw their players from the supporters of fallen corrupt Nigerian regimes as well as numerous accountants, doctors and lawyers from Nigeria's Igbo and Yoruba communities.
The Twickenham Stadium is regarded as England's national rugby stadium, and is named due to the town of Twickenham. The English national side play their home matches there during the Six Nations Championship, as well as the November inbound touring nations. The ground also hosted the 1991 Rugby World Cup final, where Australia defeated England. Twickenham hosts the final of the Anglo-Welsh Cup, and has hosted the European club championship final five times—four times in the era of the former Heineken Cup, and most recently in 2015 for the new European Rugby Champions Cup. The stadium is also host to The Varsity Match between Oxford and Cambridge as well as the English school's Daily Mail Cup final. London was also home to the massive celebrations for the English rugby team when they returned home from Australia after winning the 2003 Rugby World Cup, where Jonny Wilkinson kicked a drop-goal in extra time. An estimated 750,000 gathered in Trafalgar Square to celebrate their arrival.
London Broncos play at Trailfinders Sports Ground. Before a 2015 reorganisation of the professional leagues, they were the only member of the elite Super League in London, and indeed, all of southern England. They now play in the second-level Championship.
Another London club in the professional ranks of the game is London Skolars (based in Haringey) who play in the third-level League 1.
Amateur and grassroots rugby league has a strong presence in London. Greenwich Admirals (Woolwich), Elmbridge Rugby League Club (Esher) and London Chargers (Croydon) all play in the Rugby League Conference, the local top level of which is the Rugby League Conference South Premier. Many more clubs and second teams in London and the surrounding area play in the London League which serves as a feeder for the Rugby League Conference. The top level age group competition is the London Junior League.
The River Thames is the venue for the Boat Race, held between Oxford and Cambridge universities every year from Putney to Mortlake. In addition there are numerous rowing clubs in London based along the Thames, especially in the Putney area. More than twenty rowing clubs are based on the Thames at Putney Embankment; among the largest are London Rowing Club (the oldest, being established in 1856), Thames Rowing Club, University of London Boat Club, Imperial College Boat Club and Vesta Rowing Club. Leander Club owned a boathouse in Putney from 1867 to 1961. The Putney clubs have produced a plethora of Olympic medallists and Henley winners.
Facilities for rowing are excellent throughout the city, including the state-of-the-art London Regatta Centre, at Royal Albert Dock in the Docklands.
The All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club, home of the Wimbledon Championships, is in Wimbledon in south London. London is also home to Queen's Club, a sports club that hosts the annual Queen's Club Championships. The O2 Arena is the home of the ATP World Tour Finals through at least 2015. There is also the National Tennis Centre recently opened by the Queen in Roehampton.
For years London Towers have been the flagship of London basketball, dominating the domestic British Basketball League (BBL), challenging in the Euroleague and fighting out a cross-town rivalry with Greater London Leopards. However, early into the new millennium both teams encountered several financial obstacles and soon folded.
After Towers withdrew from the BBL in 2006, lower-league team London United were elected to the top-tier to ensure the capital continued its presence in Britain's only professional league. Yet after just a year they too found themselves falling at financial hurdles and were replaced by another lower-league outfit, London Capital, who now fly the flag for London in the BBL.
In similar fashion, following the demise of the Leopards in 2003, fans set up a new club to replace and carry on the Leopards name. The reincarnated London Leopards today compete in the second-tier English Basketball League.
The O2 arena hosted the Euroleague Final Four in 2013.
The current only London professional basketball team is the London Lions. The London Lions originated from Milton Keynes but moved to London in 2013. Playing out of Crystal Palace National Sports Centre in year one, the team qualified for the end of season Playoffs with an all English squad. The following year the club moved into the Copper Box Olympic facility and duly sold out 7,000 seats for their first ever game against US College side, Iowa University. In the spirit of legacy, the club has forged partnerships whilst building a truly community club in London, in association with GLL (the largest leisure provider in the city), and now the Youngblood Lions, Hackney Community College, Epping Forest College, Raines School, Right Development Foundation and many more. This season (2017-18), the Club finished second in the premiership league and won the British Basketball All-Stars Championship.
The Crystal Palace National Sports Centre in South London hosts an athletics track and is often use for national meetings. Other athletics venues include Croydon Arena, Mile End Stadium, Olympic Stadium in east London plus Perivale Park and Linford Christie Stadium in the west.
Every April since 1981, London has hosted one of the world's largest mass-participation marathons, the London Marathon. Indeed, the now standard length for a modern marathon was set in the 1908 London Olympics. The London Triathlon, the largest triathlon event in the world, also takes place annually.
Between 1991 and 1998, the London Monarchs competed in American football's NFL Europe, winning the inaugural World Bowl. Today, the London Olympians, London Blitz and the London Cobras all compete in various divisions of the BAFA Community Leagues which is a continuation of the now defunct British American Football League. The new Wembley Stadium hosted a National Football League regular-season game in 2007, the first outside North America. Since the beginning of the NFL International Series in 2007, Wembley Stadium has seen massive turnouts for each annual game. The 2009 edition between the New England Patriots and the Tampa Bay Buccaneers was played in front of an announced crowd of 84,254. The 2010 match-up which featured the San Francisco 49ers and the Denver Broncos saw a turnout of almost 84,000 spectators. The series has continued to this day, with two games played in 2013; three in 2014, 2015, 2016, and 2018; and four in 2017 and 2019. In addition, the Jacksonville Jaguars are taking one home game to Wembley as part of the International Series from 2013 through to 2020.
The 2016 season will be the first in which International Series games will be played at two London venues. One 2016 game is set for Twickenham, which will host at least three and as many as five games from 2016 to 2018. From 2018 to 2027, and possibly longer, at least two International Series games will also be held at Tottenham's new stadium at Northumberland Park.
Recent years have seen cycling in London become increasingly popular. Transport for London have taken measures to improve cycling safety, and launched new initiatives including the Barclays Cycle Hire, Cycle Superhighways, and free cycle training. The Lee Valley VeloPark was constructed for the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games, and re-opened to the public in March 2014. London was a part of the 2007 and 2014 Tour de France.
London once had 2 top-level ice hockey teams, the London Knights (who played at London Arena) and London Racers (who played at the Lee Valley Ice Centre). There are no London-based teams in the Elite Ice Hockey League; London does however ice a few teams in the lower-tier English Premier Ice Hockey League (Romford Raiders) and English National Hockey League (Lee Valley Lions, Haringey Greyhounds and Streatham Redskins). The first games of the 2007–08 NHL season were played in London.
Other popular sports include netball, field hockey, basketball, baseball (Croydon Pirates are champions), bowls, snooker, tennis, swimming, motor-racing at Brands Hatch, golf, darts, racquets, croquet, squash, horse-racing (Epsom and elsewhere), boxing, wrestling and archery.
London also has Inter-county Gaelic football and Hurling teams which is one of only two outside Ireland to compete in the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship or the All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship. Similarly, London plays host to London Camanachd, one of the few shinty team outside Scotland which competes in Camanachd Association competitions and English Shinty Association competitions.
London also hosts three roller derby leagues: the London Rockin Rollers, London Rollergirls, and Croydon Roller Derby. All are widely regarded as top teams in Europe, with the London Rollergirls' A and B teams (London Brawling and Brawl Saints) both unbeaten in Europe.
^ Wall, Sir Frederick (2005). 50 Years of Football, 1884–1934. Soccer Books Limited. ISBN 1-86223-116-8.
^ "Lord's". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 22 August 2009.
^ "Go-Ride youngsters help to officially open Lee Valley VeloPark". Retrieved 21 May 2015.
^ "Stage 3 – Cambridge > Londres". Tour de France 2014. Archived from the original on 30 June 2015. Retrieved 21 May 2015.
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2019-04-21T15:21:30Z
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_in_London
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The ACM EC Workshop on Learning in Presence of Strategic Behavior will be held in conjunction with ACM Federated Computing Research Conference (FCRC) 2019, Phoenix, Arizona on June 28, 2019.
The 3rd Workshop on Mechanism Design for Social Good (MD4SG ’19) will take place at this year’s ACM Conference on Economics and Computation (EC ’19) in Phoenix, AZ, USA on 28 June 2019.
We solicit submissions of research papers, as well as special problem- and practice-driven submissions, to be presented at the workshop. The deadline for submissions is 27 April 2019 at 5 PM GMT.
We also solicit applications for travel grants. The deadline for travel grant applications is 15 April 2019 at 5 PM GMT.
1. AI and Machine Learning including bias, fairness, and ethics, fair division and resource allocation, human computer interaction in socio-technical systems; multi-agent systems, privacy and security, social choice theory, and statistical reasoning.
2. Empirical Studies including applied machine learning, causal inference, computational social science, empirical analysis of real-world systems, empirical methods, and experimental results.
3. Theory including algorithm design, fair division and resource allocation, game theory, market and mechanism design, optimization, operations management, computational social choice, social network analysis, and theory of machine learning.
(3) a summary of any existing methods or approaches for addressing these problems. Submissions are also encouraged to provide a discussion of challenges in providing holistic solutions and/or introduce new methods for addressing the problems.
b. Demonstrations including prototyped and/or deployed software systems and mobile platforms. Demo submissions should be accompanied by a short description describing the system or platform, the problems it seeks to address, and the potential to use the tool in conjunction with algorithm and mechanism design and related tools to improve access to opportunity. Submissions should also include instructions for using the system or platform.
Novelty of domain, especially work on applications that have historically been less explored by those in the EC community.
The workshop will provide a number of need-based travel grants to participants to subsidize the costs of registration, travel, and accommodation at the workshop. Awardees of the travel grants will have the opportunity to participate in an interdisciplinary networking session with members of the broader MD4SG and EC community. Preference will be given to individuals who have submitted papers to the workshop or the EC conference before the travel grant submission deadline. We especially encourage those from underrepresented communities and institutions to submit a travel grant application.
SUBMISSIONS DUE May 1, 2019, 11:59pm PDT.
literature to study economic and computational systems with human users.
learn behavior models from user-generated data.
economics, cognitive psychology and computer science.
Submission deadline: May 1, 2019, 11:59pm PDT.
to attend and present their findings at the workshop.
the main body is an upper bound, and papers can be significantly shorter.
than May 1, 2019, 11:59pm PDT.
Please consider nominating graduating Ph.D. students for the SIGecom Dissertation Award. If you are a graduating student, consider asking your adviser or other senior mentor to nominate you.
And the award has had seven runner-ups: Rachel Cummings, Christos Tzamos, Bo Waggoner, James Wright, Xi (Alice) Gao, Yang Cai, and Sigal Oren. You can find detailed information about the nomination process at: http://www.sigecom.org/awardd.html. We look forward to reading your nominations!
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2019-04-25T08:32:57Z
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https://agtb.wordpress.com/category/uncategorized/
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Life is moving very fast. I may have to stop trying to slow it down, because I’m not successful at it. Maybe this is a clue that I have to learn to take it as it is and not worry about a life speed ticket!
In our homeschool, we are working on finishing some planned things, tying some loose ends, but without any urgency. When I look back I see how much they both have grown, not only intellectually, but also physically and spiritually. These past months in particular have been such a blessing. It’s sad some goals in life are at a conflict, and for every action and decision, there’s many consequences, and not all of them are pleasant. I’m still at peace with my decisions. The changes have come as the culmination of many different factors, and all of it has brought quiet and joy, and more vision.
We bought a pop up camper to tow, and we are eager to try it out, and you all will know when that happens, count on it!
This summer is looking nice. We have several nice things going on for the girls, Steve, for myself, and for all of us as a family.
The pop up closed, and opened.
One of those projects is very special, the translation of Mind to Mind, and the wonderful group of volunteers I recruited has almost finished with their part. This summer, Lord willing, I’ll be revising and editing the translation, and at some point, some of us will be formatting the text to publish it on e-book and paper. End of this year, or beginning of next, and Mind to Mind published in Spanish should be a materialized dream.
I have another translation I started to do with a very good friend, but sadly we have not done any work for it in months. I need to get back to that translation of that book written by a woman of courage and a loyal friend.
My readings this year have been quite good (Catch 22. To Kill a Mockingbird, The Makioka Sisters, Middlemarch, City of Tranquil Life). I’m close to finish another remarkable book, Isaac and his Devils, by Fernanda Eberstadt, a great coming of age character driven novel (my favorite type of novel), where what happens is of no importance, and yet the way it’s told makes it so remarkable and significant.
After Isaac and his Devils, I will plunge into this title with my friend Heather, Our Friend Manso, El Amigo Manso, by Galdós. I love to make my friends into Galdós fans, currently I’ve done so with Linda and Heather. A novel with the topic of education, with Galdós as its author, I’m in. (If you read Spanish, this ebook is free, as many other of his titles).
A few years ago, we had a first gladiolus in the summer, and last year they became two. They are in bloom, as regal as ever.
All but one of our tomato plants are doing great. There’s nothing as tasty as home grown tomatoes, plain truth.
The fig tree is replete of figs, and it reminds me of the out-pour of blessings we receive constantly in our life.
Blogger inverts the photos. You can see this paper poppy in remembrance of the fallen in WWI. We got one at the Memorial Day program at the Kleb woods this morning. For 5 years, we’ve been going to the Memorial Service celebrated at the Bear Creek Park, only to have it cancelled this year due to the flooding our area underwent recently. The park is not back to normal yet. They had to move the offices too. We will have to decide on what other celebration to attend. For us, Memorial Day is not Memorial Day weekend holiday or Memorial Day weekend sale, but the day in which we observe the fallen in all the wars our soldiers have fought.
It was a simple and complete overview of why we celebrate this day. We got to read some poems and sing our anthem and You’re a Grand Old Flag.
More plans. See these two books? A few good friends and I plan to read them together this summer. I couldn’t resist to take a peek at them, and they are promising.
That’s a bit of what’s happening at home these days, what about you?
I love this newsy post, Silvia! I can't wait to write more on my blog once we are settling in…Issac and His Devils and the Galdos title both sound intriguing…I'll have to keep them in the back of my mind for later! I was trying to think what kind of books are my favorite…when you said coming of age, character driven, it got me thinking. Right now, at this moment in my life, I think I enjoy memoirs the most! Bless you!
I remember you asking about phone pics… you plug the phone like you do with your camera, and upload the pictures. It should not be hard for you.
I cannot wait to see pics of your trip and your newly remodeled home.
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2019-04-21T21:06:36Z
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https://silviacachia.wordpress.com/2016/05/26/its-almost-june/
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.440188 |
livejournal
|
Come home from a hard day of battling spam at the office. The war is not going well. Every time I open a spam message instead of instantly discarding it, another brain cell dies. I feel like I'm playing my own reality show — Last Neuron Standing. It's not funny.
But there is no way for me to avoid opening messages with subject lines like, "Here are the configuration details" when they come to an address we ask people to write to with their hardware configuration details.
This is a recent phenomenon — spam subject lines are no longer all stupid or m1sspelled. They are now somehow context-sensitive based on the address they are targeting.
I tighten the filter down from 4.0 to 3.0 and hope for a better day tomorrow.
Let's see. No identifying marks, and large print claiming to be important. Also, bad grammar — wtf is a "Message Notice"? And dots. My internalized Bayesian tests tell me that this must be junk mail. E-mail spammers may be getting smarter, but junk mail spammers are still ordering extra noobsauce.
However, it's on the threshold, because junk mail tends to repeat, and I've never seen this one before. Granted, my system for handling postal mail — in total contrast with email, which I sort and score neurotically — is to pile it all on my bench, and to blindly reach into the pile occasionally and pull something out (bobbing for bills?) whenever I intuit that something important is coming due.
No advice please, the system works fine.
Though ever since my shredder exploded, thunderously (you think I jest), the junk mail situation has been difficult.
So I open it up. It's my bank card.
Accompanying the card is a letter. According to the letter, I was notified on October 13th about a "card compromise incident". Say what?
Here is my new card. I have to call to activate it. If I don't call to activate it, one will be appointed for me. Er, the old card will be cancelled. On November 15.
So if I hadn't opened this junk mail, my ATM card would have stopped working. I would have had no idea why. Undoubtedly, I would have first learned of the matter while stranded somewhere after T o'clock trying to withdraw the 2 billion dollars it takes to fund a taxi in Boston.
I understand the concept. Make the envelope appear nondescript to avoid future card compromise incidents. However, I also understand the concept of a bank card, which is that it gives me back my money when I want it.
I wonder what else I might have missed. Time to tie the hair back and go bobbing.
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2019-04-26T09:56:49Z
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https://johnsu01.livejournal.com/175530.html
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Porn
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Science
| 0.136623 |
wordpress
|
Ladies and Gentlemen, Your Surprise!
Hello! If you’re reading this that means I’m no longer here. Sorry.
But what it does mean is that I’m now at a different location: www.caustccookies.com!
This is your surprise. You guys have inspired me to take this blog and bring it to the real world! It is now it’s own dedicated place, it’s own site! And the site has a whole bunch of goodies! Many of them will be coming to fruition within the next 48 hours, like the caustic cookie twitter account. Stuff like that.
There’s a forum, a webstore, and a bunch of other amazing things!
To WordPress: I love how awesome your platform is for starting out. It helped me get on my feet. It helped me get my start. I sincerely appreciate it. And although I won’t be posting to wordpress anymore, I hope you know that this move could only be possible because of all the support of this community.
To the fans: this is yours just as much as it is mine. I hope you enjoy it!
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2019-04-26T04:11:25Z
|
https://causticcookies.wordpress.com/2012/09/
|
Porn
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Shopping
| 0.867439 |
wordpress
|
24 ran for 8 seasons on FOX and became one of the most popular shows to ever air and broke new ground as each episode was an hour in the day building up to the 24th hour. The main character Jack Bauer became a pop culture icon and even though star Kiefer Sutherland was a popular actor the series launched him into iconic status. The show even had a video game that took place after season 2, but before season 3. There were even a series of novels called 24: Declassified that were set prior to season 1. 24: Live Another Day is a mini-series set a few years after the finale and 24: Underground is a 4 issue comic that bridges the gap between the series finale and Live Another Day.
Jack Bauer is a wanted fugitive and is living in the Ukraine under an assumed name where he works for his girlfriends brother Petro. However the other brother Roman owes the Russian mob money and when he’s unable to pay, he’s killed and his debt is put on Petro. The mob wants Petro to steal a shipment for them and Jack gets involved to help, however he’s recognized by one of the Russian mobsters and the CIA now finds out Jack’s whereabouts.
24: Undergound Issue 1 in a word was fantastic! The biggest issue I had with the novels were continuity errors. There were certain characters Jack didn’t meet until certain seasons, but in the novels, which again were prequels to the series Jack might have known that character, which would be ok if the novels were set in their own universe, but they weren’t. Another problem is I felt it didn’t capture the feel of the show or characters. Many times I thought to myself Jack wouldn’t say or do that. However 24: Underground at least in issue 1 very much feels like 24. The events that unfolded in the first issue I can easily see happening on the TV series and reading the words it’s quite easy to hear Kiefer Sutherland’s voice. Just like how the first episode of the series hooked me in, this comic book very much did the same and I can’t wait to see where it goes next. As long as the following issues remain true to the series and Jack Bauer character I think I’ll love it and I think all fans of 24 will feel the same.
In my opinion it would have made more sense for the comic series to come out before the launch of Live Another Day and while issue 1 did, the rest of the issues will be released during and after the mini-series ends.
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2019-04-23T01:55:17Z
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https://lastroadreviews.wordpress.com/category/24-underground-issue-1/
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.324284 |
wordpress
|
Craig-553 On The 2018 Grey, Grizzled, And Gaijin Social Media Awards!
Craig note– We take a moment to highlight some of the very best content creators we saw this year on Twitter. We could have picked from any number of amazing people.
That is a credit to the work many of you do to “be more” in your lives, virtual and real, too. And, the world and I are better for engaging you this year.
The Real Japan provides a variety of superb content about Japan. Their content is consistently well presented and marketed. They also offer a unique guide to assist people who dream of visiting Japan.
The Real Japan also supported several emerging content creators throughout the year by offering guest blog spots. This top honor is most deserved, and we are proud to award it at this time.
Being a #tourist in Otaru, #Hokkaido with my mini-me!
There were so, so, so many great bloggers in 2018. But, I felt blogger and writer Teni Wada’s unique blog on fashion, motherhood, and snacks stood out this year.
You are someone extraordinary when you can balance work, parenting, and writing.
2018 GGG Writer Of The Year- Bill Adler Jr.
This was a tough category several great writers wrote super content. In the end, I enjoyed the new work of writer and blogger Bill Adler.
His new book “No Time to Say Goodbye” was a fast-paced and engaging read. I thoroughly enjoyed it.
I cannot say enough how hard it was to pick only one person for this award. But, I enjoyed Liam Exelby’s debut novel. Liam showed tons of potential in his exciting and well-presented science fiction work.
I am looking forward to his follow works.
This too was a difficult category. But, I picked JaDan. He offered well produced and heartfelt vlogs all year long.
In addition, he provided a positive outlook on all things Japan!
Again, the Twitter-verse is full of great photographers. But, I enjoyed the first class work of John Qjn. His unique mix of camera angles and shutter speeds provided some unforgettable photos.
He also does wonderful live feeds of Japan.
I'm Sunny Larue employed blogger-storyteller by day a professional martini drinking pisces by night. My blogs are about self-discovery and my stories are about love, loss inspired by real life events.
This year I met and engaged several great, great, great people. I could have picked any number of them for this award. But, in the end, I chose writer and blogger Sunny Larue.
While she does not write on Japan, her deep blog and her positive attitude make for an enjoyable read.
We enjoyed several new faces this year on Twitter. But, West Coast To Far East provides a regular dose of the countryside life in Japan. It was a welcomed break from the hustle and bustle of the big, big, big city in Japan.
Some people have done so, so, so much on Social Media they could win every category. That would not allow my blog to showcase some special people. But, such people deserve recognition.
He is a longtime content creator in Japan and more recently China. He has gone above and beyond in creating free content for the masses. He has also consistently helped new content creators do and “be more” in their Social Media efforts.
I select you! If you have taken the time to like, retweet or share Grey, Grizzled, and Gaijin’s content, this award is for you. That might seem like a copout, but it quite the opposite.
2018 was a year in which my blog broke out and did great, great, great things!
That is a testament to super people just like you. Folks who gave me the opportunity to entertain and enlighten them for no reason at all. I appreciate your support and kindness in 2018!
Craig-552 On 4 Super Posts To Help You Reach Your Dreams And Effective Social Media Marketing During Major Holidays!
Craig-554 On Bring On The Boar And Holiday Food Pictures In Japan!
Thank you SO MUCH for your award Craig!
I can’t tell you how much it means to me and the timing is perfect. A boost in light of a recent sad loss in our family. It motivates me to do more in 2019.
So honoured to be included and alongside such other quality SM folk – many of whom I actively engage with, and some of whom I have been fortunate enough to work with too.
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2019-04-20T00:41:31Z
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https://craiginjapan.wordpress.com/2018/12/30/craig-553-on-the-2018-grey-grizzled-and-gaijin-social-media-awards/
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.304431 |
wordpress
|
There was a missionary from South Korea to Vancouver, Canada. I do not understand why the mission organisation sent a missionary to Canada, but anyway he was in Vancouver as a missionary for twenty years. He has two daughters born there.
After twenty years, the mission organisation asked him to go another place of course as a missionary.
And he said NO. He said he already settled there completely and his family is there. At this point, I was so surprised and shocked. And I also heard that he is now living so well in the United States with all his two daughters married and living next to him.
That is good for him. He got what he exactly wanted – in a good country with his daughters together. But I cannot call him a true missionary. If in the first place the mission organisation told him to go to Tibet or Africa, would have he gone? I don’t think so. He went to the mission place only because the location was Vancouver, Canada – the world’s best place to live. He just used the mission and Jesus Christ to immigrate into nicer country.
In my definition, a missionary is a person who is ready to die for Christ, a person who does the mission in any cost even his life. I call it candidate for martyr.
When I was in Canada, I found many pastors from Korea. They all say that they came to Canada to serve Christ because Canada needs spiritual encouragement. I don’t think immigration into Canada or better country is not a bad thing at all. But did they really came to serve Christ? If so why they do not go to rural area where the community could not find a pastor? Most of them just stayed in big cities like Vancouver, Toronto and the likes even though they could not find any spot at a Church as a pastor. Up there in the rural area, there are lots of Churches without pastors and the people there are in spiritual danger. If the newcomer pastors came to Canada really to serve Christ, why they are not going there? Why are they just looking for a good position in and around big cities?
You can also read https://crinje.wordpress.com/2007/08/14/anyone-is-missionary/ which says about missionary.
캐나다 밴쿠버에 한 한국인 선교사님이 계셨단다. 왜 밴쿠버에 선교사가 필요한지 이해는 할 수 없지만 어째든 선교단체에서 파송을 했고 그 분은 20년동안 밴쿠버에서 사역을 하셨다고 한다. 그 분의 두 딸도 거기서 태어났다고.
20년이 지났을 때 선교단체에서 다른 곳으로 파송을 하겠다고 했단다.
그런데 그분의 대답은 ‘싫다’였다고 한다. 그분은 이미 이 곳에 완전히 정착했고 식구들도 여기 있어서 가지 않겠다고 했단다. 여기서 난 놀라고 충격을 받았다. 그리고 또 듣기로 그 분은 현재 미국에서 사는데 두 딸이 결혼해서 바로 옆에 있다고 한다.
아이쿠 좋겠네. 원하는 건 다 얻었네 그려. 좋은 나라에서 두 딸이랑 같이 사니까. 그런데 난 그 분을 진정한 선교사라고 부를 수가 없다. 만일 처음부터 선교단체가 티벳이나 아프리카로 파송하려고 했다면 그분이 갔을까? 글쎄. 그분이 선교지로 간 이유는 그 장소가 세계에서 가장 살기 좋다는 캐나다의 밴쿠버였기 때문이다. 그분은 단순히 선교와 예수 그리스도를 선진국으로 이민가는데 이용했을 뿐이다.
내 생각에 선교사는 그리스도를 위해 죽을 준비가 되어 있는 사람이며, 생명을 내어 놓더라도 선교를 하는 사람이다. 나는 선교사를 예비 순교자라고 부른다.
내가 캐나다에 있을 때, 한국에서 온 목사님들을 많이 만났다. 그분들 모두 캐나다는 영적 부흥이 필요하기 때문에 그리스도를 섬기러 캐나다에 왔다고 말들을 한다. 개인적으로 캐나다로 이민 오는 게 나쁘다고는 전혀 생각하지 않는다. 하지만 그분들이 모두 정말 그리스도를 섬기러 왔을까? 만일 그렇다면 목사들을 찾지 못하는 시골에 가지 않는 것일까? 목사님들 대부분이 목사 자리를 찾지 못하면서도 밴쿠버나 토론토 같은 대도시에 머물러 있다. 시골에 올라가면 담임 목사가 없는 교회가 무지 많고 그 성도들은 영적 위험에 처해 있다. 만일 새로 온 목사님들이 진정으로 그리스도를 섬기러 캐나다에 왔다면 왜 그런데에 안가냐고? 왜 다들 대도시와 그 주변에서 좋은 자리만 찾냐고?
위에서도 썼지만 나는 이민을 반대하지 않는다. 하지만 나의 사랑하는 예수 그리스도를 이용해 먹지는 말고, 그냥 정직하게 여기가 살기도 좋고 애들 키우기도 좋아서 왔다고 해라.
아래 링크는 내가 선교사에 대해 쓴 또 다른 글이다.
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2019-04-19T00:48:26Z
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https://crinje.wordpress.com/2013/03/03/true-missionary/
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Porn
|
Reference
| 0.667169 |
imdb
|
This eleven minute interview with actor Mark Soper can be found on the special edition release of BLOOD RAGE, the cult 1987 slasher. Soper talks about what made him get into acting and the various influences that he had. He then talks about getting the job in BLOOD RAGE and why he had to catch up on some slasher movies because he had never seen one. For the most part this is a good interview as it at least gives you a good idea of what it was like on the set and having to make a low-budget movie. The actor talks about the certain freedoms you have when working on a film like this. The highlight of the interview is when Soper talks about being shocked to learn that the film did have fans and people who knew about it.
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2019-04-19T00:44:16Z
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https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5369596/
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Porn
|
Arts
| 0.826298 |
livejournal
|
Stayed up until the Nebula nomination period ended (!#$& PST timezone!) in a fit of nervous suspense, hitting refresh compulsively on the nomination tally poll. A couple eleventh-hour (literally) recs kept “Sinner, Baker, Fabulist, Priest” in the running (thank you, whoever you were!). Now waiting for the Nebula committee to tally the paper nomination ballots to see if “Sinner” made the final ballot.
I am so totally thrashed this AM. Not gonna be at my best at work today…and probably all this week. Final ballot comes out on the 20th.
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2019-04-24T07:04:39Z
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https://eugie.livejournal.com/472002.html
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Porn
|
Recreation
| 0.963932 |
wordpress
|
The latest and greatest found at Camelot Living.
Calling all aviary lovers!!! Our newest addition to our Water Fountain and Birdbath selection at Camelot Living, the Envirostone Temescal Birdbath is stunning and looks like a piece cut out of natural stone.
This durable birdbath is constructed of durable resin stone which is weather resistant and extremely realistic looking. Though this gorgeous water feature only weighs about 13 1/2 lbs., it includes a sturdy footing and basing so it won’t tip over.
Simple to assemble, the Temescal Birdbath by Bond Manufacturing ships within 1-3 business days and will compliment any garden, front or backyard. Also makes a great gift for those hard to shop for loved ones who have everything!
Shop the Bond Temescal Envirostone Birdbath at Camelot Living now for only $149.99 with free shipping! Now that is a great deal.
And the birds in the neighborhood will thank you :)!
Shop all fountains and birdbaths on sale now and receive FREE SHIPPING at Camelot Living.
New Real Flame Slimline Fireplaces Now Shipping!
With so many families down sizing due to economic struggles, the new line of electric fireplaces by Real Flame are sure to be a hit in the marketplace. These indoor fireplaces will warm the room without taking up precious floor space in tight areas.
Three new models have arrived! The Bradford, Lowry and Crawford have many details in common with different looks. Select from beautiful finishes like dark chestnut oak to pristine white, there is a gorgeous hue for any indoor home decor.
The Bradford Fireplace has a mounting depth of only 8.7″. With the stunning arched center and classic details, this fireplace has a built in look to it.
The Lowry Electric Fireplace includes a more contemporary look with clean, straight lines. Available in two unique finishes; Vintage Black Maple and Blonde Oak, this indoor fireplace is truly distinguishable.
Lastly, the Crawford Electric Fireplace will be available to ship mid November, 2013. Classically trimmed and finished with fluted columns, this durable electric heater fireplace is offered in both Chestnut Oak and crisp White finishes.
ALL of the models include a remote control with programmable thermostat, timer function, brightness settings and ultra bright Vivid Flame LED Technology. Simply plug into a standard outlet and be sure to anchor the fireplace to the wall using the included hardware. Then sit back and enjoy the ambiance of the fire and warmth from the heat!
Shop ALL fireplaces on sale now at www.camelotliving.com. Please call us if you need assistance finding the perfect fireplace for any room in your home. We have experts standing by ready and excited to help!!!
It’s that time of year again…when the leaves begin to turn, the weather cools and we can finally bring out the sweaters from the back of our closets! My favorite time of year!!!
Don’t let the cool evenings cause your party to move indoors. Now is the perfect time to add a new patio heater to your outdoor living room. With new products for 2012 just released, there is a wide variety of sizes, styles and finishes to choose from. And pretty much for any budget! Whether you choose a tabletop heater, standard free standing propane heater or indoor/outdoor infrared patio heater, you will be glad you invested in your patio accessory.
As the sun sets, it is so simple to ignite your outdoor heater and enjoy the warmth from the flame. If you choose a propane patio heater, you’ll need to visit the local hardware or home store and purchase an LPG tank. For the smaller table top heaters, you’ll need a 1 lb. tank whereas for the tall freestanding heaters, a 20 lb. tank.
Now is the perfect time to purchase your porch or patio heater. Stock is plentiful in anticipation of the season and prices are up to 60% off of retail with free shipping to your door. Starting at $139.99 for a tabletop heater…to $179.99 for a tall freestanding propane gas heater (now that’s a steal)…to only $199.99 for a commercial grade bronze heater!!! And this is an investment that will last for years and years to come.
Constructed of durable material to weather well outdoors, most of the heaters include wheels for easy mobility on your patio and also have optional covers to store outside when not in use. They are also extremely safe with weighted bases for stability and safety auto shut-off if it’s tipped over.
Check out our huge selection of patio heaters at Camelot Living and if you need help finding one to fit your lifestyle, give us a call! We love to help. (888) 788-3188.
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2019-04-22T21:00:08Z
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https://camelotliving.wordpress.com/category/new-products/
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Porn
|
Shopping
| 0.654186 |
wordpress
|
I can’t think of anything more fun than decorating for the holidays with the sound of Christmas music in the background. It’s even more fun now with the little ones. Every thing I bring out makes their eyes even wider. I love the lights and greenery. If you listened to the radio show (http://www.blogtalkradio.com/atmosphere-id-) I gave 3 simple decorating tips for the holidays.
The first tip was to use 1 color as the dominant color. No matter what color you choose, be sure that you use it more than 35%. It should be your main color.
I mentioned that green can be a great color for Christmas, in a variety of shades. Here it is the main color and repeated throughout the table. Be sure to repeat the color throughout the space.
Tip #2 was to to use a natural items. Now, going natural isn’t always easy because of the cost involved. Think garlands over doorways and up stately railings. You can always save a little by using natural sprigs on light shades or candles.
My 3rd tip is about using the right scale. One large item or groupings make much more impact than smaller pieces scattered around a space. Take this great balls made of kumquats. By grouping items together they make a greater impact. Not to mention the awesome pop of color. This is a great look for a holiday party.
The greenery here makes a big statement. Much more “atmosphere” can be created by these larger more stately pieced, even if they don’t scream Christmas like a bright gold star.
I hope you enjoy the wonderful feeling associated with Christmas lights and decor. What a wonderful time of year! If only it would warm up in January….
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2019-04-19T17:18:53Z
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https://atmosphereid.wordpress.com/2009/12/07/holiday-decor/
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Porn
|
Kids
| 0.468473 |
wordpress
|
If Michael Vick or Nick Foles are unable to start against the Raiders, then Matt Barkley will have to. Fittingly right in time for Halloween, because when 3rd string QBs start, the results are scary.
3rd stringers are the Van Halen III of QBs.
From 2008-2012, there were 67 games started by a QB who was the third (or in a few cases fourth) QB to start for his team that season, with one exception listed below. That’s a pretty good sample size, and quite frankly I didn’t feel like looking any further, and upon further research as we will see later, I don’t see a reason why the average would dramatically change.
The results are, as I said, scary bad. (Italics indicates rookie). You will want to make sure you aren’t in the process of drinking something when you look these QBs, you might spit take.
Chip Kelly’s offense and the QB controversy that isn’t a controversy ensures that more than enough people break down the offensive game film. So each week when the coach’s tape comes out on Game Rewind, I first look at the big plays given up by the defense: touchdowns, 20+ yard plays and sometimes 15-19 yard plays as well. And every week it consistently stars the same cast of characters: Cary Williams blowing his zone assignment, Nate Allen biting on play action way too early and Earl Wolff taking bad angles, making delayed reactions and having the change of direction of a turtle. There’s usually too many to go through and I usually just tweet about them anyway. I also look at the good plays, but this week Fran Duffy at the Eagles website looked at all the plays I was going to, on ILB A gap blitzes and disguising them. But with the advantage of seeing the game tape a day early through the team, I’m beaten to the punch. Kudos to him, though “sugar” to describe an A gap blitz isn’t a term I’ve seen anywhere outside of Madden.
Anyways, this week was the best the defense has performed, and the best we can ask it to perform. The usual suspects showed up, but they were continuing their trend over the past three weeks of appearing in the other team’s highlights with reducing frequency. Williams has been more disciplined, and the ripple effect of the safeties not having to try to bail him out as much gives the illusion of them playing better. In the place of the usual suspects on the lowlights reel is a light being shined on the limitations of the linebackers in pass coverage and the coaching staff; and why while the defense is improved, it’s not likely to get much better because we’ve reached the limitations of the roster’s abilites. Five plays stuck out to me.
What a great weekend in Tampa, capped off by an exciting Eagles win.
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2019-04-23T00:35:50Z
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https://southernphilly.wordpress.com/2013/10/
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Porn
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Sports
| 0.852331 |
wordpress
|
As most of you know, I live in the Los Angeles area. The Red Sox were in town this past week for a four game series versus the Angels. Here are my experiences with seven members of the team.
Terry Francona – A great guy and a fantastic signer.
John Lackey – Not overly friendly and to the best of my knowledge turned down every request.
Dustin Pedroia – The 2008 American League MVP was willing to sign one item for just about everyone who asked.
David Ortiz – Big Papi was gracious and signed one for every collector.
Adrian Gonzalez – The Red Sox new first baseman was in a hurry but signed a quick autograph for me.
Carl Crawford – Not only hit a home run in the forth game of the series but signed for just about everyone.
I hope you all like today’s blog on the Red Sox. Feel free to check out my autograph web store at www.autographedfirstdaycovers.com.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged Anaheim Angels, California Angels, Carl Crawford. Bookmark the permalink.
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2019-04-19T14:34:28Z
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https://stevedelrio.wordpress.com/2011/04/25/collecting-autographs-2011-boston-red-sox/
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Porn
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Sports
| 0.846987 |
carolcox
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It’s Tribute Tuesday, and it is a big one! Here are the pictures that guys did for me recently, and the picture I did back in return.
Tribute Tuesday on a Wednesday!
I usually uploads these on Tuesdays, but forgot this week, so here they are now, 2 days late.
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2019-04-23T12:38:20Z
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http://blog.carolcox.com/category/cum-on-pictures/
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.345684 |
webs
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Ebon Fisher explored a range of immersive, interactive arts projects, from graffiti in Pittsburgh to immersive media rituals in Boston and Brooklyn. Fisher's community-based social media experiments in Williamsburg, Brooklyn in the 1990s included the Eyeball Scanning Party, The Weird Thing Zone, (718) SUBWIRE, The Media Compressions and a Web Jam, billed as Organism, involving 120 collaborators and 2000 guests. Fisher was a passionate participant in the creation of a creative community in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, in the early 1990s and a founding members of the Brooklyn Immersionists.
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2019-04-19T02:27:25Z
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https://nervousmedia.webs.com/research
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Porn
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Arts
| 0.99323 |
wordpress
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Special Thanks and Happy New Year!
http://www.marysaverageadventures.wordpress.com: Mary, you’ve been here for me when I’ve needed to talk and you’ve also shared your own experiences. Thank you. I cannot tell you how much I appreciate all your help!
http://www.anxiousizzy.wordpress.com: Thank you so much, Izzy. Your blog has helped me realize that people all over the world struggle with anxiety and that there are so many people working to overcome their obstacles. Also, I can tell how hard you are trying to get through your anxiety and it’s very inspirational.
http://thepersistentplatypus.wordpress.com/: Elle, you’ve helped me once again not only realize that I am not alone in dealing with anxiety, but you are proof that anxiety can be managed. You share both your experiences of anxiety taking control and you being successful in working through it. Thank you so much for sharing!
http://soundhippy.wordpress.com/: Becky, thank you so much for reading my blog and posting your own experiences. I read your blog and can really relate, which is extremely important. You are so kind and I really appreciate it.
https://calmkitchen.wordpress.com/: Thanks for all your comments and your advice on staying positive!
http://www.ruledbyfear.com: Thank you so much for being here for me and helping me with my struggles. I enjoy reading your posts and they are a tremendous help. I can’t thank you enough.
There are so many people I’d like to thank and this list is only a small sample. Again, I appreciate everyone who has ever read my blog and has shared their own insights. I hope everyone has a Happy New Year. Also, remember to set goals for yourself. These goals should include practicing overcoming anxiety by facing your fears in small steps and focusing on more positive things. Additionally, remember that you are never alone and that a good support system goes a long way.
Today I want to write about something that is a little less related to anxiety than my regular posts. I recently began something new and exciting and while I am happy to have come across the opportunity, there are others that have shared negative thoughts. While this has not caused a high level of anxiety, it has caused some and it is frustrating. I have finally found something that is making me extremely happy and have found yet another way to use my talents, and while I have had some very positive reactions, I am still receiving negative feedback. However, as much as it makes me sad to see my happiness greeted with negativity, I realize that I am doing something positive and that is what matters.
The point I am trying to make is that there are some people in the world that will always look at things in a negative way or be skeptical of your accomplishments. However, you cannot let others bring you down. Even if you are not 100% successful in whatever new opportunities have come your way, the important thing is that you tried your hardest to succeed and that you understand just how essential it is to do something that makes you happy. Just because someone else may not see the joy in what new project you are embarking upon, does not mean that you can’t.
Going through anxiety is extremely difficult and having something to look forward to is a great motivator. As long as whatever is motivating you is not harming others or yourself and makes you happy, you should not let others’ negativity get in the way.
As we all know, practicing consistently can be difficult. For one thing, sometimes we simply grow lazy. Many of us also have busy lives or simply forget to practice and exercise. However, another time when I find it extremely hard to practice getting through my anxiety and work on exercising is when I’m not feeling well. Let’s face it, the last thing we want to do when we’re not feeling well is to walk around, exercise, and practice doing things that require a lot (or even minimal) of work. We want to rest, sleep, and do anything we can do to feel better. Sometimes we just don’t feel like practicing. The thing is though, that we still need to.
So we all need to figure out a way to practice and exercise even when we’re not feeling up to it. I know there are some exceptions; times when we absolutely can’t exercise or practice because of an extreme situation. However, for the most part, we can’t allow for any excuses to get in the way of practicing. Getting through our anxiety and learning to trust in ourselves is essential. So what do we do when we know we have to practice and exercise but we don’t feel well or up to it? Here are some tips and I look forward to any advice you may have. Thanks! Again, have a great holiday!
1.) Do simple exercises that don’t require too much work, but are still helpful.
3.) If you become anxious and for some reason you are too sick or injured to get out of bed in order to practice getting through your anxiety, find a way to get your mind off your worries. Good ways to do this is to make phone calls to those who you like talking to, reading books that are calming and enjoyable, watching TV, thinking comforting thoughts or even playing out TV shows/good situations in your mind.
1.) Remember why you are working so hard to get better. Think of future goals and other reasons for getting through your anxiety. Remember you are worth getting better!
2.) Play some music to get yourself moving and motivated. Playing music while exercising and practicing can be both motivating and calming.
3.) Remember that without practice and exercise, getting through your anxiety will be more difficult and take longer.
The end of the year can bring an extra amount of anxiety for several reasons. For one thing, for some people, going to their relative’s for the holidays can be stressful for various reasons. For others, who are the hosts of the party, they can feel overwhelmed by the fact that they are responsible for their friends and family having a good time. Additionally, the end of the year comes with end of the semester classwork, exams, and in general, final grades.
Along with end of the year events, those of us who suffer with general anxiety may feel overly overwhelmed. After reading the blog, http://www.marysaverageadventures.wordpress.com, I thought it would be helpful to give everyone some additional advice when going through end of the year anxiety.
For starters, if you are in school, while you should stay motivated in order to do well, you should take breaks and not let yourself to worry so much that you make yourself sick. Also, once you are done with all of your work and waiting for your grades, remember that now that you have completed all of your work, there is really nothing else you can do. While this may make some of you more anxious, I hope that it also makes you realize that as long as you did your hardest, you deserve to sit back now and relax!
If you are stressed about going somewhere for the holidays either because you get anxious going places or because of stressful family situations, remember that you are with those who care about you. If you are nervous about hosting a party, remember that your family and friends who are coming probably all worry about the same things and no one’s house is perfectly clean; everyone has to work hard. Don’t make yourself sick over trying to impress others. Just do your best and remember to try to relax!
As I’ve stated in previous posts, it is important that we recognize when we are successful in getting through our anxiety. Remembering and focusing on our progress helps to remind us that we do have the power to get through our fears. However, not only do we have moments of facing our fears to help recall our ability to control our anxiety, but we also have other successful moments that prove our abilities to succeed as well.
Let’s say you get a promotion at work or get a compliment from your boss or someone else, that’s progress! Let’s say you do well in school either on a paper or an exam, that’s progress as well! Let’s say you are just really proud of yourself for accomplishing something, even if has nothing to do with getting through your anxiety, you still managed to do something well. All of these things, all of these moments of success and progress should make you realize just how strong you are and just how much you can do! You need to take with you the knowledge that you’re stronger than you think and that you can get through your anxiety and do so many other wonderful things!
Even though we are strong and can get through our anxiety, fear still has a way of making us feel otherwise. There may be times when we feel ourselves improving and then we go through a moment of anxiety. However, we cannot let this get us down; we cannot let our anxiety trick us into believing that we cannot get through it.
The truth is, that we are stronger than our anxiety. We need to practice and prove to ourselves that we can get through our fears so that we can look back and remind ourselves of the success we have made. Anxiety is a brain teaser; it makes us think something that isn’t true and at times, it can be difficult to overcome. However, as the old saying goes, difficult is not impossible and with trust in ourselves and consistent practice, we can get through our anxiety even if there are times when it feels like we cannot. Also, struggling does not mean failing unless you stop trying. Just as a brain teaser needs to be challenged, so does our anxiety.
As I’ve mentioned before, many times when we are struggling with anxiety, it is hard to remember the times when we succeeded. However, it is essential to remind ourselves of the times when we got through our anxiety because it is proof that we can. This morning I was doing really well but then I became anxious. Admittedly, it got me a little upset and saddened, and I felt it begin to effect my self-esteem. Then I began to think of all the progress I’ve made lately; the progress I made on Thanksgiving, the progress I’ve made at home, and all the practicing I’ve been doing to overcome my anxiety. You know what? It helped. It reminded me that I have the strength to get through this.
You don’t have to be perfect and there may still be times when you struggle with anxiety, but that doesn’t mean you don’t have the strength to get through it. Things happen, what’s important is that you never give up trying your hardest to get through your fears. You can do it!
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2019-04-20T13:23:48Z
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https://gettingthroughanxiety.wordpress.com/2014/12/
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Porn
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Society
| 0.070885 |
wordpress
|
Televised live minus the trippy nonsense lyrics!
So agree, we do need more nonsense, just good fun. Thank you – you too.
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2019-04-21T02:50:41Z
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https://artofquotation.wordpress.com/2018/09/07/gliddy-glup-gloopy-nibby-nabby-noopy-la-la-la-lo-lo-tooby-ooby-walla-nooby-abba-nabba/
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Porn
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Recreation
| 0.30523 |
wordpress
|
As far as the fruit is concerned, I have heard that some people react to the skin of the mango in a similar way as poison ivy. Although I am sensitive to poison ivy, it fortunately doesn’t affect me that way.
I spent a decade in Honolulu and found that Honolulu Hardwoods had by far the best prices and just about the best selection on Oahu. Good luck getting the phone answered but when you do, it’s worth the hassle. No idea on their willingness to ship but their koa and mango selections were to die for.
I have only ever turned it and I didn’t have any reactions to it. I have a guy that I use for Curly Koa and he is always trying to sell me Mango too. I’ve never taken him up on it. Maybe it is time to reconsider. Glad you had a nice trip to Hawaii. I was born there and haven’t been back since the early 80s, but I have many fond memories that your post has stirred up. Thanks Glen.
Such a beautiful place. Did you do the drive to Hana? Keep up the good work!
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2019-04-25T11:54:29Z
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https://woodworkersedge.wordpress.com/2012/06/24/best-place-to-find-figured-wood/
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Porn
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Shopping
| 0.890429 |
wordpress
|
This entry was posted on October 16, 2010 at 9:02 pm and is filed under Cosmos with tags chaco, dozenal, spiral, sundagger. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
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2019-04-18T18:44:59Z
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https://keytoann.wordpress.com/2010/10/16/sundagger/
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Porn
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Science
| 0.280869 |
google
|
2010-10-29 Assigned to WARSAW ORTHOPEDIC, INC. reassignment WARSAW ORTHOPEDIC, INC. MERGER (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SDGI HOLDINGS, INC.
A device and method for use in a vertebral spine to prepare a space between adjacent vertebral bodies to receive an implant. The device includes a shaft, and a mounting member at one end of the shaft. A working end is mounted on the mounting member and is coupled to a drive mechanism adjacent to the working end. The drive mechanism is operable to move the upper and lower cutters of the working end to create surfaces having predetermined contours in the end plate region of the adjacent vertebral bodies. A guard provides protected access to the disc space and the adjacent vertebral bodies for the working end of the bone removal device through a passageway.
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 10/779,099, filed Feb. 14, 2004, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,611,514; which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/972,560, filed Oct. 6, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,692,501; which claims benefit of Provisional Application No. 60/255,463, filed Dec. 14, 2000; all of which are incorporated by reference herein.
Present methods of forming an implantation space between adjacent vertebral bodies in the human spine generally include the use of one or more of the following: hand held biting and grasping instruments known as rongeurs; curettes; drills and drill guides; rotating burrs driven by a motor; and osteotomes and chisels. Sometimes the vertebral end plate must be sacrificed as occurs when a drill is used to drill across the disc space and deeper into the vertebral bodies than the thickness of the bony end plate region. Such a surgical procedure necessarily results in the loss of the hardest and strongest bone tissue of the vertebral bodies located in the bony end plate region and thereby removes from the vertebral bodies that portion of its structure best suited to absorbing and supporting the loads placed on those vertebral bodies by an interbody spinal implant. Nevertheless, the surgeon must work upon the adjacent end plates of the adjacent vertebral bodies to access the underlying vascular bone that is capable of participating in the fusion by allowing active bone growth, and also to attempt to obtain an appropriately shaped surface in the vertebral bodies to receive the implant. Because the end plates of the adjacent vertebral bodies are not flat, but rather have a compound curved shape, and because the implants, whether made of bone or any other suitable implant material, when fabricated or manufactured, tend to have a geometric rather than a biologic shape, it is generally necessary to conform at least a portion of the vertebral bodies to the shape of the implant to be received therebetween.
It is important in forming the space between the adjacent bone structures to provide a surface contour that closely matches the contour of the implants so as to provide an adequate support surface across which the load transfer between the adjacent bone structures can be evenly applied. In instances where the surgeon has not been able to form the appropriately shaped space for receiving the implants, those implants may slip or be forcefully ejected from the space between the adjacent vertebral bodies, or lacking broad contact between the implant and the vertebral bodies, a failure to obtain fusion may occur.
Prior devices having a plurality of rotating cutting elements for removing bone with a drive mechanism between the cutting elements had limitations in certain applications. For example, if the bone to be cut was thicker than the individual thickness of each of the cutting elements, then the portion of the device between the cutting elements could hit the uncut bone and stop the bone removal device from advancing deeper into the bone being cut. Further, the presence of the drive member between the cutting elements kept the cutting elements spaced apart and thus could prevent the placement of the bone removal device into very narrow spaces such as, but not limited to, disc spaces as might be found in some instances in the cervical spine.
There remains therefore a need for an improved spinal interspace shaper that does not have such limitations so as to achieve the desired purposes as described herein.
The present invention relates to a bone removal device for insertion into and at least in part across the height of a disc space between adjacent vertebral bodies in the human spine, and a guard for providing protected access to the disc space and for maintaining a desired positioning of the adjacent vertebral bodies relative to each other, and to a method of working on those portions of the vertebral bodies adjacent that disc space to remove bone material sufficient to form a desired contoured end plate and to thereby access the underlying vascular bone. For purposes of this application, the bony “end plate region” of the vertebral bodies is defined as the outer shell of compact bone (the bony end plate) adjacent to the spinal disc and the underlying subchondral zone.
The apparatus and associated method of the present invention is adapted to form a surface on or into each of the vertebral body surfaces that are adjacent the intervertebral disc space. The prepared spaces are formed through the inert outer bone of the vertebral bodies to get to the vascularized underlying bone, preferably, without generally removing all of the thickness of the end plate region. The formed surface(s) have a defined shape and a contour corresponding to a preferred interbody spinal implant to be implanted in the disc space.
The bone removal device of the present invention is useful in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine from anterior to the transverse processes of the vertebrae, lateral or anterolateral in the thoracic and lumbar spines, or from posterior in the lumbar spine. The bone removal device, in a preferred embodiment, generally includes a cutting element movably and preferably replaceably mounted on the distal end of a shaft. A depth limiting mechanism preferably controls the depth of insertion of the cutting element into the intervertebral space (i.e., the disc space). The device also includes a handle that may be detachable from the shaft. As used herein, the term “handle” refers to a portion of the device that a surgeon may grip or otherwise manipulate to guide the working end of the device. That “handle” may in fact have multiple purposes. For example, the handle may be a portion of the shaft on which the working end is mounted at one end. Alternatively, the handle may be part of a segment that connects the device to a power source. For example, the handle may be part of a power source that supplies pressurized gas to the power source if turbine driven, or the handle may be a drill, but the term “handle” is used herein in its broadest context to refer to that which the surgeon grasps to use the present invention.
Additionally, the shaft may be detachable from the working end. The device also includes a drive mechanism that transmits power to activate, i.e., move, the cutters. The drive mechanism connects to an energy source, e.g., a rechargeable battery that further may be but need not be housed within the handle of the device. By way of example only, the drive mechanism may include an electric motor or an electromagnetic oscillating mechanism. Or, again by way of example only, the drive mechanism and handle in which it may be disposed may include the head unit of a gas powered turbine of a type commonly used in other surgical instruments.
In a preferred embodiment, the working end is generally as wide as the spinal implant to be implanted or the width of a combined plurality of implants adapted for side-by-side use between the adjacent vertebral bodies adjacent the disc space. The receiving bed, i.e., the prepared surface of the vertebral bodies, when formed by the device, will correspond in shape, size, and contour to the corresponding surfaces of a preferred spinal implant or combined width of implants to be implanted. The surface produced by the bone removal device is generally flat or concave to correspond to the upper or lower vertebral body contacting surfaces of the implant that will be implanted between the vertebral bodies. In an embodiment of the present invention having domed or convex upper and lower cutters or cutting members the device may be inserted into the spine and then turned on to form to desired shape into the adjacent vertebral bodies. The cutters have a leading end that is capable of cutting through bone and/or disc material to form a pocket or socket having a contour corresponding to the forward aspect of the leading end, as well as at least a portion of the side surfaces of the preferred implant to be implanted. These sidewalls assist in restraining the implant from lateral movement.
The working end of the present invention includes a pair of opposed, outwardly facing cutters which lie in planes that may be either parallel to each other or, alternatively, convergent to each other. The present invention saves time by simultaneously preparing both of the vertebral end plates adjacent a disc space. The bone removal device shapes the three-dimensional space created between the adjacent vertebral bodies, which space can be made to conform to the desired lordosis of that portion of the spine that will receive the implant. The end plate space may be, but need not be, identical to the height of the implant, as the implant may be there to optimize the distance of the disc space.
The drive mechanism of the bone removal device is preferably located adjacent the working end of the instrument permitting a reduction in the overall height of the cutting elements. This configuration permits the overall height of the cutting mechanism to be thicker or given the same height, it can be less than what was previously possible with the cutting elements having a drive member therebetween because the cutting elements can be placed closer together. A reduced overall height of the cutting mechanism permits the placement of the bone removal device into narrower spaces, such as but not limited to disc spaces as might be found in some instances in the cervical spine, than previously possible. Moreover, because the space between the cutting elements is minimized, the thickness of the cutting elements may be increased.
The cutting element of the present invention is not limited to being a unitary, one-piece construction, regardless of the number of cutting surfaces of the cutting element. The cutting element may include multiple pieces that, by way of example and not limitation, are mountable on the end of the device to, in combination, define the overall shape of the cutting element and its surfaces. Thus, the term “cutting element” is used herein to refer to both a unitary, one-piece construction or a multi-piece construction.
The cutting element is preferably mounted on the mounting member and may be removable and interchangeable. In such an embodiment, the mounting member may be, but does not have to be, attachable to a shaft that is attachable to the handle cutting element and the mounting member may be separable from each other. Alternatively, the working end and the mounting member may, together, be removable from the handle.
While a preferred embodiment of the present invention is discussed and disclosed herein for creating a space between adjacent vertebral bodies in the spine, the present invention is not limited to a device for creating a space between adjacent vertebral bodies, but can also be used in other portions of the body where it is desirable to place an implant between adjacent bone structures. Furthermore, an embodiment of the present invention may have upper and lower cutting surfaces that are in angular relationship to each other so as to, for example, match the natural lordotic curvature of the human spine at the location of the vertebral bodies to be operated upon. Additionally, sequentially larger, that is wider and/or thicker, ones of the cutting elements, or mounting member, may be used to form the desired sized space in a step-wise fashion, or the working end may be sized to substantially match the final desired width of the surface to be formed in the vertebral end plate. Furthermore, the working end is preferably configured with a sharpened leading edge to allow the working end to “forward cut” as it is inserted between the adjacent vertebral bodies. In this manner, progressive insertion of the cutting element between the vertebral bodies is facilitated.
In a preferred embodiment, a guard for use with the bone removal device has a body with a passageway passing therethrough. In a preferred embodiment, a first disc penetrating extension and a second disc penetrating extension extend from the leading end of the guard and are adapted to be inserted into the disc space between adjacent vertebral bodies. The disc penetrating extensions are preferably adapted to distract and align the disc space, and restore lordosis. The disc penetrating extensions also further limit lateral excursion of the bone removal device and protect vital structures lateral to the disc space. In the alternative, the guard could be attached with screws or pins to each of the vertebral bodies like portions to bear upon the end plates.
The guard provides protected access to the disc space and the adjacent vertebral bodies for the working end of the bone removal device through a passageway, which may be sufficiently taller than the height of the space to be formed by the working end so as to allow for the sequential use of working ends of increasing height or the insertion of a spinal implant taller than the height of the working end thereby allowing the surgeon the option of keeping the guard in place after the cutting procedure. For example, the guard can be left in place distracting and aligning the adjacent vertebral bodies after the cutting step so that spacers (i.e. trial implants) can be trialed and then the implant of the optimal height, and perhaps of a greater height than the cutter, can be inserted.
The bone removal device preferably remains appropriately positioned relative to the height of the passageway during the cut. By way of example and not limitation, this may be achieved by having the bone removal device and guard aligned by a cooperative track, or a longitudinal groove and cooperating protrusion. In an alternative embodiment, a mounting element may be located between the cutting portion at the leading end of the bone removal device and the trailing end of the bone removal device. In a preferred embodiment, the mounting element can be taller than the cutting portion. When the taller mounting element passes through the passageway of the guard, it contacts the interior of the passageway to maintain the cutting portion in a preferred orientation to the guard so that the cutting portion can form an implantation space of a height less than the height of the passageway that is still properly positioned relative to removing the dense thickness of bone from each of the vertebral bodies adjacent the disc space being prepared. This height differential permits an implant having a height greater than the height of the implantation space to be inserted through the guard. Somewhere along the shaft an enlarged portion may cooperate with the inner height and even the rearward portion of a guard.
The leading end of the guard may have a foot plate adapted to contact the vertebral bodies when for use generally anteriorly or anteriorlaterally and may be contoured to generally conform to at least a portion of the exterior aspect of the vertebral bodies where contacted. The foot plate may have holes for receiving, for example, fasteners including spikes, bone screws, pins, prongs, nails, or the equivalent therethrough to secure the foot plate to the vertebral bodies or such spikes, bone screws, pins, prongs, or nails maybe part of the foot plate. The attachment of the guard with fasteners to the adjacent vertebral bodies may further secure the vertebral bodies in the desired relationship and hold the vertebral bodies steady for the cutting operation to be performed.
For use posteriorly, it is generally preferred that the guard have at least one and more preferably two disc penetrating extensions, such that a foot plate may be minimized or absent.
Thus, the present invention provides a device and method for preparing a disc space between adjacent vertebral bodies to receive a spinal implant, and prepares that disc space by removing a portion of the bony end plate region of those vertebrae adjacent that disc space to form predetermined surfaces in that vertebral bodies adjacent the disc space. The prepared spaces are formed through the inert outer bone of the vertebral bodies to get to the vascularized underlying bone, preferably, generally without removing the full thickness of bone in the end plate region. The prepared surfaces are sized and contoured to have broad intimate contact with the preferred spinal implant to be implanted between the adjacent vertebral bodies and along side walls of a socket, which broad contact provides for increased implant stability. This broad area of intimate contact between the vertebral bodies and the implant promotes bone ingrowth from the vertebral bodies into the implant, and also provides a broad area over which to support the incumbent loads so as to minimize the risk of vertebral collapse or subsidence of the implant into the vertebra.
While the present invention has been generally described above, and the preferred embodiments of that invention will be described in detail below, neither that general description nor the detailed description limits the scope of the present invention. That scope is defined by the claims appearing at the end of this patent specification.
It is an object of certain embodiments of the present invention to provide a device and method for quickly, safely, effectively, and accurately working upon the region of the bony vertebral body end plate regions adjacent a disc space so as to, while preferably preserving bone of that region, to at least in part, remove bone such that to access the active bone growth end plate at least in part, remove bone to produce a socket to accept and implant corresponding in size, shape, and contour to an implant to be implanted between the adjacent vertebral bodies.
It is a further object of certain embodiments of the present invention, to provide a device capable of simultaneously working upon both of the vertebral body end plate regions adjacent a disc space to produce opposed receiving surfaces in the adjacent end plate regions corresponding in size, shape and contour to a preferred implant to be implanted, and in so doing to define the shape of the implant space.
It is a further object of certain embodiments of the present invention to provide a vertebral interspace preparation device that, in a preferred embodiment, is capable of working with linear insertion, i.e., insertion along a single axis, and without the need to substantially move the device from side to side within the disc space along a second axis. In such a preferred embodiment, the device has at a working end having a width generally corresponding to the width of the implant to be implanted, and a leading edge corresponding to a generally arcuate leading end of the implant to be implanted, for creating a space of a fixed geometry corresponding to an implant of corresponding dimensions.
It is a further object of certain embodiments of the present invention to have a safety mechanism built into the device that limits the depth of insertion of the device into the spine.
It is a further object of certain embodiments of the present invention to provide a vertebral interspace preparation device that can have interchangeable working ends so as to be capable of producing a variety of differently sized and contoured surfaces and shapes within the intervertebral space.
It is a further object of certain embodiments of the present invention to have cutters extending to the leading end of the device such that the device may remove bone along its leading end as it is advanced within the disc space.
FIG. 18 is a top plan view of an end plate of a lumbar vertebral body with implantation spaces formed therein from a posterior approach with the instrumentation and method in accordance with the present invention.
The following description is intended to be representative only and not limiting. Many variations can be anticipated according to these teachings, which are included within the scope of the present invention. Reference will now be made in detail to a preferred embodiment of this invention, an example of which is illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Human vertebral bodies have a hard outer shell of compacted dense cancellous bone (sometimes referred to as the cortex) and a relatively softer, inner mass of cancellous bone. Just below the cortex adjacent the disc is a region of bone referred to herein as the “subchondral zone”. As best shown in FIG. 1A, the outer shell of compact bone (the bony end plate) adjacent to the spinal disc and cartilaginous end plate and the underlying subchondral zone are together herein referred to as the bony “end plate region” and, for the purposes of this application, is hereby so defined. In the lumbar spine the thickness of the cortex end plate adjacent the disc space is generally not greater than several millimeters deep. By way of example, prior art threaded implants requiring approximately a 3 mm drill depth into the vertebral body and having threads of approximately 1 mm or more in height result in a total depth of penetration into the vertebral body of at least 4 mm sacrificing the best structural bone adjacent the disc space. The present instrumentation and method permits the preparation of the inter space to receive an implant with less depth of penetration into the vertebral bodies.
FIGS. 1B, 2, 3, and 4 show various views of bone removal device 100 in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1B is a top view of bone removal device 100 and FIG. 2 is a side view thereof. Bone removal device 100 has a leading end 102 including a cutting mechanism 104, and an opposite trailing end 106 configured to cooperatively engage a driving mechanism, such as a power drill, turbine, and the like, or an electrical driving mechanism suitable for the intended purpose. The particular power source that powers bone removal device 100 does not form a part of the present invention except to the extent it is adapted to achieve the appropriate and desirable amount of movement of the working end, or serves as part of the “handle” when in use.
As shown in FIGS. 1B and 4, cutting mechanism 104 includes a drive element 108 and a working end 110. Working end 110 preferably includes two opposed cutters, upper cutter 112 and lower cutter 114 that are configured with a sharpened leading edge. In this embodiment, working end 110 preferably includes two disc-shaped cutting members 116, 118 that are removably mounted on the distal end of the device by a recessed connector 120 and connector shaft 122. Upper cutter 112 is formed on the edge of cutting member 116, and lower cutter 114 is formed on the edge of cutting member 118. Mounting member 152 facilitates removing cutting members 116, 118 and replacement with other disc-shaped members of similar or alternative cutting or abrading designs. Brace 124 prevents rotation of shaft 126 during use of the device such as by chucking shaft 126 into a drill and fitting brace 124 into a non-rotating portion of the drill.
In an alternative embodiment, cutters 112, 114 may be manufactured separately from cutting members 116, 118. For example, in FIG. 4, disposable or interchangable ring 128 includes upper cutter 112 and disposable or interchangable ring 130 includes lower cutter 114. Cutting ring 128 is mounted on cutting member 116, and cutting ring 130 is mounted on cutting member 118. Such a mounting may be accomplished by threadably connecting a cutting ring to its associated cutting member. The threads of such a threadable connection preferably oppose the direction of rotation of the cutting member when the device is in use. Other equivalent mountings to the threadable connection may be employed, such as where the ends of the wheel are configured such that one end secures into the other.
Drive element 108 is positioned to rotationally engage working end 110. Drive element 108 is preferably located adjacent to cutting members 116, 118. Drive element 108 preferably includes two disc-shaped drive members 132, 134 (shown in phantom in FIG. 4). Drive members 132, 134 may be removably mounted on bone removal device 100 by a connector 136 and connector shaft 138. Although two disc-shaped elements are preferred, it should be understood that a number of equivalent structures may be used to impart rotation to working end 110. For example, instead of two drive members 132, 134 as shown in FIG. 4, a hollow or solid cogwheel could be used to interface between working end 110 and a driving mechanism. Another alternative could employ the use of a threaded spindle acting as a drive element. Alternatively, a pulley, spindle, or other rotating device may be coupled to a power source to drive a cord, cable, or belt, or similar power-transferring element to thereby drive cutters 112, 114. Such an alternative embodiment removes the bulk of the drive mechanism from between cutters 112, 114 and is within the scope of the present invention. It is also possible and within the scope of the present invention to angle the cutting elements such that they converge towards leading end 102 to form an angled cut into the adjacent vertebral bodies. For example, as shown in FIG. 3A, working end 110 can include cutters 112′, 114′ and corresponding cutting members 116′, 118′. Cutters 112′, 114′ are tapered relative to one another and converge toward leading end 102. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 3B, working end 110 can include cutters 112″, 114″ and corresponding cutting members 116″, 118″. Cutters 112″, 114″ face outwardly, and are inclined relative to one another.
Upper and lower cutting members 116, 118 and their associated cutters may rotate in opposite directions so as to mitigate any undesired torque and to avoid any tendency of the cutting end of the device to move laterally. This counter-rotating motion may be achieved by using a rotating drive rod 140 that extends through shaft 126 and is configured with a gear 142 at its distal end that engages with mating gear teeth 144, 146 formed on respective sides of drive members 132, 134. The resulting counter-rotation of drive members 132, 134 (shown by arrows A in FIG. 4) acts to counter rotate cutting members 116, 118 by way of cutting member engagement surfaces 148, 150, shown in FIG. 4 as radial teeth. This counter-rotating motion of members 116, 118 is illustrated by the arrows B in FIG. 4. Mating gear teeth 144, 146 may be inwardly sloping, ramped surfaces that engage cone-shaped gear 142 disposed on the distal end of a rotating drive rod 140 to turn drive members 132, 134 in opposite directions as drive rod 140 spins about its axis. Alternatively, cutting member engagement surfaces 148, 150, and driver 140 can be radially splined to engage one another or may comprise of any other known cord, cable, belt or similar power transferring element that operatively drives cutters 112, 114.
In the embodiment described, mounting element 152 may interchangeably receive various sizes of working end 110 and/or driving element 108. Thus, element 108 and/or working end 110 may be quickly and easily attached to and detached from mounting member 152 during surgery. In order to accommodate the various sizes of working ends and driving elements, mounting member 152 may be adapted to permit slidable adjustment between shafts 122 and 138. While in a preferred embodiment, upper and lower cutters 112, 114 are selected to have a width that is substantially the same as the width of the surface to be formed in the vertebral end plate, a surgeon might also elect to use a working end of lesser height than the ultimate desired depth of the surfaces to be formed. Thereafter, the surgeon may use a successively wider and/or taller work ends of the bone removal device until he arrives at the desired dimensions of the space formed between the adjacent bone structures.
The positioning of drive members 132, 134 adjacent to cutting members 116, 118, instead of between cutting members 116, 118, permits the overall thickness of cutting mechanism 104 to be less than was previously possible with cutting members 116, 118 having the bulk of a drive member therebetween because cutting members 116, 118 can be placed closer together. A reduced overall thickness of cutting mechanism 104 permits the placement of bone removal device 100 into narrower spaces, such as in narrow disc spaces for example, such as but not limited to disc spaces as might be found in some instances in the cervical spine, than was previously possible. Moreover, because the space between cutting members 116, 118 is reduced, the thickness of the cutting area may be increased to permit cutting thicker pieces of bone. For example, in prior devices where a relatively thick portion of the drive mechanism is located between the cutting members, if the bone to be cut is thicker than the individual thickness of each of the cutting members, then the portion of the device between the cutting members could hit the uncut bone and stop the bone removal device from advancing deeper into the bone being cut.
As shown in FIG. 3, in a preferred embodiment a thin portion 154 of mounting element 152 extends between cutting members 116, 118 to provide support and permit attachment of cutting members 116, 118 to mounting element 152. As shown in FIG. 2, a depth stop 156 having an end 159 for abutting a substrate to be cut, such as for example the exterior of a vertebral body, is in slideable engagement to mounting element 152 so as to adjust the depth of penetration of cutting mechanism 104 of bone removal device 100. An adjusting mechanism 158, such as a spring-biased lever for example, locks depth stop 156 at the depth selected by the surgeon. Depth stop 156 also may include an abutment surface or any number or shape of projection capable of carrying out the intended function and any known means for securing it. Adjustment mechanism 158 may also comprise a number of equivalent structures, such as, for example, one or more push button spring locks, adjustable turn screws, a collar with spring loaded detents or ball bearings and the like. Brace 124 extends from trailing end 106 for holding bone removal device 100 in a desired position relative to the drive means to which it attaches.
In another embodiment, mounting element 152 can be taller than cutting members 116, 118. When the taller mounting element 152 passes through the passageway of guard 160, it contacts the interior of the passageway to maintain the cutting mechanism 104 in a preferred orientation to guard 160 so that cutting mechanism 104 can form an implantation space of a height less than the height of the passageway. This height differential permits an implant having a height greater than the height of the implantation space to be inserted through guard 160.
As a further enhancement to the device it may have evacuation flutes for moving debris proximal. Additionally, an irrigation tube and/or a suction tube may be formed within, or outside of shaft 126. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, a tube 161 for irrigation and/or suction can extend along shaft 126. These irrigation and suction tubes may be connected to appropriate sources of irrigation fluid and a source of vacuum, respectively, to efficiently irrigate and clear the surgical site during use of the device.
Numerous other configurations of working end 110 are possible within the scope of the present invention. For example, upper and lower cutters 112′″, 114′″ and corresponding cutting members 116′″, 118′″ may be provided with, as shown in FIG. 3C, convex portions C1, C2, respectively, to form concave receiving surfaces in the vertebral end plates. The geometry and configuration of the shapes of the upper and lower cutters and cutting members can be matched to the desired shape and configuration of the space which the surgeon intends to create between adjacent bone structures and to the desired contour of the surfaces created in the bone structures as is disclosed in applicant's International Patent Application No. PCT/US99/12890, filed Jun. 9, 1999, and applicant's U.S. Pat. No. 6,083,228, issued Jul. 4, 2000, both of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Additionally, working end 110 may be configured to have roughenings, knurls, ridges, small pyramid shaped projections, or any other surface configuration that is capable of cutting or abrading the bone structures.
FIGS. 5-7A show a guard 160 for use with device 100. In the preferred embodiment, guard 160 has a body 166 with a leading end 162, a trailing end 164 opposite leading end 162, and a passageway 168 passing therethrough. In a preferred embodiment, a first disc penetrating extension 170 and a second disc penetrating extension 172 extend from leading end 162. First disc penetrating extension 170 and second disc penetrating extension 172 are adapted to be inserted into the disc space between adjacent vertebral bodies. Guard 160 provides protected access to the disc space and the adjacent vertebral bodies for working end 110 through opening 168. Opening 168 is preferably taller than the height of working end 110. Such a taller opening 168 allows the sequential use of working ends 110 of increasing thickness or the insertion of a spinal implant taller than the thickness of working end 110 thereby allowing the surgeon the option of keeping guard 160 in place after the cutting operation. Additionally, body 166 may have a cross section transverse to its longitudinal axis with a complete or incomplete perimeter, (i.e. the cross section may be generally square, rectangular, oval, circular or any other shape with either an open or closed perimeter suitable for the intended purpose). The spinal implant is preferably sized and shaped to match the space formed in the spine by the working end.
Leading end 162 of guard 160 preferably has a foot plate 174 (for use anteriorly) adapted to contact the vertebral bodies and may be contoured to generally conform to at least a portion of the exterior aspect of the vertebral bodies in any or all planes. Foot plate 174 preferably is adapted to cover at least a portion of each of the two vertebral bodies adjacent the disc space into which guard 160 is to be inserted. Foot plate 174 may have receiving holes 176, 178 for receiving, for example, fasteners including spikes, bone screws 196, 198, pins, prongs, nails, or the equivalent therethrough to secure foot plate 174 to the vertebral bodies. The attachment of foot plate 174 with screws 196, 198 or the equivalent to the adjacent vertebral bodies may rigidly secure the vertebral bodies in the desired relationship and hold the vertebral bodies steady for the cutting operation to be performed, when the guard does not have disc penetrating extensions, or further secure it when it does. The disc penetrating extensions may be entirely sufficient by themselves such that no other means for securing the guard is needed. The example of the foot plate shown in FIGS. 5-8 is suitable for use in the anterior cervical spine. For use in the lumbar spine, preferably little or no foot plate would extend outward from the body of the guard, as the body of the guard itself functions as a depth limiting stop.
Guard 160 also may include one or more guide surfaces along the interior surface of passageway 168 to direct cutting mechanism 104 while accessing the disc space and adjacent vertebral bodies through passageway 168. Such guide surfaces may include any structure designed to direct the cutting mechanism. For example only, such structures can include a cooperative track, longitudinal groove, cooperating protrusion, and the like. However, it is emphasized that the guide surface may include any surface designed to direct cutting mechanism 104.
As shown in FIG. 8, first disc penetrating extension 170 and second disc penetrating extension 172 have an upper surface 180 and a lower surface 182 adapted to contact and support the end plates of the adjacent vertebral bodies. Upper and lower surfaces 180, 182 can be generally parallel to each other or can be in angular relationship to each other. One or both of upper and lower surfaces 180, 182 may be tapered proximate their insertion end to facilitate insertion of extensions 170, 172 into the disc space. An example of a configuration of extensions 170, 172 for use in the cervical spine that generally conforms to the bony architecture within the disc space is best shown in FIGS. 7A and 11. In the lumbar spine, for use from the posterior approach, extensions 170, 172 may have any configuration useful for the intended purpose including but not limited to those disclosed in applicant's U.S. Pat. No. 6,080,155 filed Feb. 27, 1995, incorporated herein by reference. For example, as shown in FIG. 7B, a guard 160′ is provided including a first disc penetrating extension 170′ and an oppositely positioned second disc penetrating extension (not shown).
Guard 160′ (except for first extension 170′ and the second extension) includes the features of guard 160. Furthermore, the second extension would be similar in placement to second extension 172, as shown in FIG. 6. Both first extension 170′ and the second extension extend from leading end 162, and include upper and lower surfaces 180′, 182′. Upper and lower surfaces 180′, 182′ have an angular relationship with respect to one another defining a height for first extension 170′ and the second extension that is lesser at a point proximate leading end 162 that initially increases in the direction away from body 166, and then tapers towards their insertion end to facilitate insertion thereof into the disc space.
While not requisite, extensions 170, 172 (as well as alternative embodiments thereof) are preferably adapted to distract and align the disc space, and to restore lordosis. Extensions 170, 172 further limit lateral excursion of bone removal device 100 and protect vital structures lateral to the disc space. Trailing end 164 of guard 160 cooperates with depth stop 156 of bone removal device 100 to limit the depth of penetration of cutting mechanism 104 into the disc space. Guard 160 assures balanced resection depth of each of the adjacent vertebral bodies and restrains migration of debris generated by the bone removal device. As best shown in FIG. 12, after guard 160 is properly positioned relative to the adjacent vertebral bodies, guard 160 provides the surgeon a line of sight through passageway 168 to evaluate the bone resection prior to actually performing it. As the length of the extensions 170, 172 are known to the surgeon and are appropriate for their intended purpose, the surgeon can, by direct observation, measurement, and/or x-ray, assess the appropriate depth for resection and implantation. Other shapes of disc penetrating extensions may be desired and are within the scope of the present invention.
Having described the apparatus, methods for its use will now be described. It should be understood that the order disclosed is only preferred and that the steps may be performed in other orders while still being within the scope of the present invention. Additionally, some steps may be repeated or omitted as necessary.
Referring to FIGS. 9-15, a method for use in the cervical spine from the anterior approach is described by way of example. As shown in FIG. 9, the correct disc space to be operated upon is identified by the surgeon by direct vision and counting, or preferably, by the use radiographical imaging with a marker. After the correct disc is identified, guard 160 is inserted into the disc space between the adjacent vertebral bodies as shown in FIG. 10.
The disc may have a portion excised and then guard member 160 is inserted such that extensions 170, 172 penetrate the disc space and contact the adjacent vertebral end plates adjacent that disc space. Guard insertion may be performed over a long distractor such as disclosed in applicant's U.S. Pat. No. 6,159,214, incorporated herein by reference. It is appreciated that guard 160 may be inserted into the disc space where the spinal disc is still in place; where at least a portion of the disc has been removed and a distractor is inserted into the disc space and guard 160 is placed over the distractor; or the guard may be inserted into the disc space without first using a distractor.
As shown in FIG. 10, extensions 170, 172 of guard 160 are shaped to penetrate the disc space to help secure guard 160 in position to the spine. Extensions 170, 172 may also be beneficial in spacing apart the vertebral bodies, restoring lordosis, or for correcting a relative translation of the vertebral bodies. After insertion, guard 160 may be, but need not be, further fixated to the spine by the use of one or more fasteners including screws 196, 198, pins, or other suitable elements, preferably into each of the adjacent vertebral bodies. Again, it should be noted that the presence of foot plate 174 is preferred when the guard is used anteriorly but is not essential.
With reference to FIGS. 11 and 12, the correct depth of the disc space to be prepared is determined. The correct disc space depth may be determined in a number of ways. For example, the depth may be determined by pre-operative imaging studies such as plain radiographs, CAT scans, MRIs, and the like. Alternatively, the depth may be determined by direct visualization and/or measurement at the time of surgery, or by intraoperative radiographic monitoring, or any combination of the above. In using radiographic monitoring, for example, a lateral x-ray, the surgeon can assess the depth of the disc space from the length of either or both of extensions 170, 172, and the remaining depth of the disc space. For example, alternatively the surgeon may radiographically monitor the progress of cutter mechanism 104 towards the posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies. Additionally, the surgeon by looking toward the spine through the passage of the guard can assess the bone to be resected prior to resecting any bone. Intraoperative radiographic monitoring will confirm to the surgeon whether the guard is generally parallel to the disc space, the thickness of the bone to be cut, the depth of resection for each of the adjacent vertebral bodies, if the guard is centered from side to side, and the depth of extensions into the space so as to assess the depth of the disc space.
Disc penetrating extensions 170,172 are inserted into the disc space to contact the adjacent end plates of the vertebral bodies and, if not already in the desired position, to position the adjacent vertebral bodies in the appropriate distraction and angular orientation to each other for bone resection. After the adjacent vertebral bodies are in the desired position, guard 160 may be secured to the spine such that foot plate 174 is placed against the anterior aspect of the vertebral bodies and screws 196, 198 are inserted through holes 176, 178 and into the adjacent vertebral bodies. The adjacent vertebral bodies are held in the desired position relative to one another during the bone removal procedure, and if desired, also during the spinal implant insertion procedure.
Referring to FIG. 13, cutter mechanism 104 is advanced through guard 160 into the disc space, removing bone from each of the adjacent vertebral bodies to the desired depth. It should be noted that the progress of distal end 102 of the cutter instrument towards the posterior aspects of the vertebral bodies may be monitored radiographically for greater accuracy. The desired depth also may be determined-with adjustable depth stop 156 that may be set to limit the depth of the cutter insertion. Cutter mechanism 104 is then removed. Debris can be removed by suction and/or irrigation, and optionally with grasping instruments such as rongeurs.
FIG. 14 shows a cutaway side view of adjacent vertebral bodies V1 and V2 that have had surfaces 184 and 186 formed in their respective adjacent end plates. The remaining portion of the more dense, bony rim 188 assists in retaining the spinal implant in the desired position between the adjacent vertebral bodies by acting as an abutment preventing lateral or posterior movement of the spinal implant. The prepared faces of these abutment portions of the vertebral end plate also increase the surface area of contact between the spinal implant and the vertebral body. FIG. 14 also shows the cut portion of the disc space being taller than extension 172.
After removal of cutting mechanism 104, the surgeon has two options depending upon whether the cutter thickness and the spinal implant height are similar or not. If the cutter thickness and spinal implant height are not similar, then the surgeon may elect to remove guard 160 as shown in FIG. 15. Next, the correct spinal implant height is determined. This determination may be made by knowing the extent of distraction prior to cutting, or by trialing the space with spacers to determine the correct height, or by distracting the space and measuring the height. Once the implant height has been determined, the correct spinal implant is selected which preferably has a width equal to the space prepared and a length selected to correspond to the depth of the space preparation or less, and a height sufficient to restore appropriate spacing to the inter space. Additionally, the spinal implant is preferably selected to impart a desired amount of lordosis to the vertebral bodies adjacent the interspace.
The spinal implant is then inserted into the prepared space. During insertion, the prepared space may be held at least in part distracted as the spinal implant is introduced into the prepared space. Preferably, the implant is introduced with an implant driver into the spine and advanced along the mid-longitudinal axis of the prepared space to the desired depth by urging it forward as by impaction, and/or pushing it forward, or the equivalent.
If, after removal of cutter mechanism 104, passageway 168 of guard 160 has a height as great as the height of the implant to be inserted, then the surgeon may insert the spinal implant through guard 160. It should be noted that if the guard was selected to have a passageway height greater than the cutter thickness, then the ideal height of the spinal implant may be determined by introducing into the disc space progressively taller spacers to determine the optimal disc space distraction and implant height. After insertion of the implant, the implant driver, if one was used, is removed.
If the implant is to be inserted without the guard, then guard 160 is removed from the adjacent vertebral bodies prior to the insertion of the implant.
Device 100 also may be used in a posterior approach, for example, between the adjacent vertebrae in the lower back, such as L1 through S1, from a posterior approach, or from posterior to the transverse processes of the vertebrae, including both straight posterior and posterolateral. If a posterior approach is used, many of the above steps apply. In order to position guard 160, the dural sac is retracted towards the side opposite of the insertion and protected along with the traversing nerve root. For easier visualization of the area to be resected, guard 160 may include inspection slots placed away from tissues such as the dural sac and nerves that need to be protected. Guard 160 is preferably placed to one side of the midline, that is, the line separating right and left halves of the vertebral bodies, especially when the surgeon intends to place an implant on each side of the midline. During the posterior approach, the surgeon will normally prefer to place two implants, each having a maximum width less than half of the width of the disc space and generally oriented from the back to the front of the disc space, or slightly toed in. Alternatively, the surgeon may elect to place but a single implant. In such instance, the single implant may be placed more diagonally across the disc space allowing for the use of a longer implant, or to place two implants from the same side.
In a posterior lateral approach, no laminar bone need be removed as the disc space is entered lateral to the spinal canal. In that case, two toed-in implants can be used or a single implant placed diagonally which may be longer than when the two are used. As the disc penetrating extensions themselves (the part in the disc) can be of various cross sectional shapes it may be preferred to utilize a distractor having a height greater than its width so that it can be introduced on its side and then rotated 90° to its height. In that case, it is preferred that at least one of the diagonals, if not both, be reduced in length by reduction of the junctions or corners where the top and bottom meet the sides. Alternatively, the trial spacers may resemble the implant in shape, though it may be preferred to leave the bone engaging surfaces smooth to facilitate removing the trial implants or distractors. As used herein, the term trials refers to spacers that are similar to an implant in shape but without a bone engaging surface such that it is smooth and lesser in height than an implant and used to determine the appropriate tension for the disc space in which a spinal implant is to be inserted.
FIGS. 16-18 illustrate various views of vertebral bodies with implantation spaces that have been prepared by a device incorporating the present invention. The cross-hatching in these figures represents the machined areas of vascular bone. FIG. 16 shows a top view of a first vertebral body V1 such as in the lumbar spine where the depth of resection is sufficient to allow for the full diameter of the cutter to pass into the disc space, leaving parallel straight sides and anatomic contour at the trailing (anterior) aspect of the vertebral body. The created space includes a leading portion adapted to correspond to the leading end of an implant and sides adapted to correspond to at least a portion of the sides of the implant. First vertebral body V1 has a surface 190 formed by working end 110 as shown in FIG. 4. The width of surface 190 formed on first vertebral body V1 closely matches the width of working end 110 that was advanced into the disc space along a single front to back axis.
FIG. 17 shows the top view of a second vertebral body V2 such as in the cervical spine where the depth of resection may be limited such that the full diameter of the cutter never passes into the bone. The created space is adapted to correspond to at least a portion of the leading end of the implant and possibly a portion of the sides.
FIG. 18 shows the top view of a lumbar vertebral body V3 showing side-by-side passes of the hemi-width cutter from a posterior to anterior approach. In such an instance, the cutter preferably has a maximum width of less than half the width of the disc space. The prepared areas may or may not touch each other.
a guard for providing protected access to the adjacent vertebral bodies, said guard comprising a body having a leading end, a trailing end opposite said leading end, a mid-longitudinal axis therebetween, and an opening passing through said leading and trailing ends, said opening having a height and a width transverse to and greater than said height, said height of said opening being greater than the maximum height of the forward facing cutting area of said bone removal device, said opening being sized and shaped to permit said first and second cutters to pass through said body and access the vertebral body endplates.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein said first and second cutters include teeth formed thereon to cooperatively engage said drive element, said drive element and said teeth being configured such that said first and second cutters are rotated by said drive element.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein said first and second cutters are adapted to be rotated in opposite directions by said drive element.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein at least one of said first and second cutters has a width, said width substantially matching the width of the nucleus pulposus of a disc space in which it is inserted.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein said first and second cutters are inclined relative to one another.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein said first and second cutters are driven in a reciprocating, arcuate motion by said drive element.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein said drive element is adapted to produce a rotary movement of said first and second cutters about an axis generally perpendicular to the mid-longitudinal axis of said shaft.
8. The system of claim 1, wherein said drive element is adapted to produce one of an oscillating rotation and a vibratory motion of said first and second cutters.
9. The system of claim 1, wherein said guard further includes a foot plate sized and shaped to contact at least a portion of each of the adjacent vertebral bodies, said foot plate having at least one opening configured to receive a fastener adapted to secure said foot plate to the vertebral bodies.
10. The system of claim 1, wherein said guard further comprises first and second disc penetrating extensions extending from said guard for insertion into the disc space between the adjacent vertebral bodies, each of said disc penetrating extensions having a portion for bearing against each of the adjacent end plates of the adjacent vertebral bodies, each of said portions of said disc penetrating extensions having an upper surface adapted to contact one of the adjacent end plates of the adjacent vertebral bodies and a lower surface adapted to contact the other of the adjacent end plates of the adjacent vertebral bodies, said portions of said disc penetrating extensions having a height between said upper and lower surfaces and a length sufficient to properly align and distance apart the adjacent vertebral bodies.
11. The system of claim 10, wherein said upper and lower surfaces are parallel to each other along a substantial portion of the length of said portions.
12. The system of claim 10, wherein said disc penetrating extensions are diametrically opposed to each other and spaced apart from one another to provide access to the adjacent vertebral bodies from within the disc space.
13. The system of claim 10, wherein the height of said disc penetrating extensions have at least a portion that approximates the height of a normal disc space between the adjacent vertebral bodies.
14. The system of claim 10, wherein said disc penetrating extensions have a tapered leading end to facilitate placement of said disc penetrating extensions into the disc space, said portion of said disc penetrating extensions having opposite surfaces for bearing against the end plates of the adjacent vertebral bodies, said opposite surfaces diverging away from said guard along at least a portion of their length.
15. The system of claim 10, wherein said upper and lower surfaces converge away from said guard along at least a portion of their length.
16. The system of claim 10, wherein said opening of said guard has an interior having a cooperating surface for guiding a corresponding cooperating surface of said first and second cutters.
17. The system of claim 1, in combination with an implant sized and shaped to match the implantation space formed in the spine by said first and second cutters.
18. The system of claim 17, wherein said implant is one of a spinal implant and a spacer.
19. The system of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of said first and second cutters are separated by a space and substantially overlie one another, said drive element being configured to engage said first and second cutters outside the space separating said cutters.
20. The system of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of said first and second cutters is operatively connected to said drive element in a plane parallel to the mid-longitudinal axis of said shaft.
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2019-04-24T16:46:50Z
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https://patents.google.com/patent/US7918855B2/en
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Porn
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Science
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