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Rugged Venom-produced Brooklyn vibes from the Bankai Fam member’s forthcoming solo album “The Shinigami Flowfessional”.
Mellow BX flavour from Eddie Cheeba, Trey Bag and Yung JB off the forthcoming Money Boss project dropping May 13th via DatPiff.Com.
Taken from the Brooklyn emcee’s forthcoming album “The Dirty Rican”.
Visuals for the drum-heavy !llmind-produced lead single from the Rotten Apple duo’s forthcoming album “Barrel Brothers”.
The Spanish production duo splash some soul over a handful of “Illmatic” classics on their tribute to the 1994 Nas debut – download here.
The Murs-affiliated Oklahoma lyricist drops a gem inspired by the loss of a family member off his 2013 project “Everything Was Beautiful And Nothing Hurt”.
Hypnotic title track from the producer’s forthcoming album featuring Apathy, Celph Titled, Maffew Ragazino and more.
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2019-04-22T16:31:05Z
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https://oldtothenew.wordpress.com/2014/04/
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Porn
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Arts
| 0.171521 |
wordpress
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The Local Government Unit of Alegria, Surigao del Norte through Hon. Mayor Dominador G. Esma, Jr. released the DAR-IFAD NMCIREMP Natural Resource Management (NRM) Funds to Community Institutions of Brgy. Alipao and Budlingin, respectively, in the presence of the Board of Directors of the said association.
Last February 4, 2010, Mayor Esma with SB Member Reynaldo B. Ranay and MPDC Edipolo A. Mosquito, Jr., the project manager of DAR-IFAD NMCIREMP Project Management Office, this municipality, handed over the check amounted to P 50,000.00 and the LGU counterpart of P 9,375.00 to ALMUCO Chairperson, Mrs. Agustina T. Seroy in the presence of ALMUCO Board of Directors. This fund will be used for the Establishment of Hog Fattening project using the Nature Farming Technology System (NFTS). There will be 10 piglets to be raised supported with feeds and biologics as package during the project cycle using the NFTS technology. As learning site, it will be open to interested persons who wanted to know the technology. This will be sustained by Alipao Multi-purpose Cooperative (ALMUCO) and it will form part as additional income to the said organization.
While on the other hand, on February 8, 2010 Mayor Esma handed over the check amounted to P23,650 to BRWA Chairman, Kagawad Adriano V. Cabil witnessed by BRWA Board of Directors. This fund will be utilized for Establishing a one hectare learning site using the Sloping Agriculture Land Technology (SALT), a diversified planting of crops to sustain income at the same time prevent erosion of hillsides/slopes in the area at Budlingin. It is expected by the proponent, the Budlingin Rural Workers Association (BRWA) that this will be emulated by the farmers as the technology was very successful in slope areas in some parts of the country.
By: MPDC Edipolo A. Mosquito, Jr.
Under the Poverty Alleviation Fund of DAR-IFAD NMCIREMP Project of LGU Alegria, Surigao del Norte, the Budlingin Rural Workers Association, a community institution , was recipient of the Business Enterprise Fund in the form of check amounting to P240,000.00 given last December 9, 2009 by Mayor Dominador G. Esma, Jr. and received by CI Chairman, Kagawad Adriano V. Cabil in the presence of NMCIREMP-PFO personnel from Butuan City, BRWA Board of Directors, Municipal Project Office of Alegria headed by Municipal Project Manager Edipolo A. Mosquito, Jr.
This fund is a grant to BRWA to finance their business, the Agrivet Supply that will sell agricultural inputs such as fertilizers, pesticides and veterinary products to complement their existing livelihood projects which is the vegetable and livestock production. This amount was taken under the Poverty Alleviation Fund 2 (PAF 2) of the Department of Agrarian Reform and International Fund for Agricultural Development.
During this occasion, the BRWA Board of Directors expressed their gratitude towards DAR-IFAD and to Mayor Esma of the opportunity they got from the project and they promised to protect the fund in accordance to its plans and objectives.
Barangay Budlingin today is now one of the progressive barangays in Alegria, Surigao del Norte. Beside of having a nice and beautiful Lumondo Waterfalls and Puting Bato cave, this place have several projects being undertaken funded by foreign and local funding agencies.
On-going construction of Barangay Health Center and Botika sa Barangay funded by the Spanish Government/ Agencia Espanola Cooperacion International de Desarullo thru Reach Foundation in the amount of P750,000.00 with counterpart from the Local Government Unit of Alegria in the amount of P 100,000.00.
Constructed Stock shade with one unit abaca stripping machine complete of accessories with financial assistance from Philippines-Australia Community Assistance Program of Australian Agency for International Development and implemented by Propegemus Foundation, Inc. in coordination with Lake Mainit Development Alliance and LGU Alegria, Surigao del Norte.
Established Budlingin Agrivet Supply with financial assistance from International Fund for Agricultural Development implemented by Budlingin Rural Workers Association with equity counterpart of LGU Alegria, Surigao del Norte.
These are among the projects now simultaneously been undertaken in the said barangay and being a newly identified special ARC barangay, more developments are coming in from different line agencies of the national government.
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2019-04-23T02:47:41Z
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https://alegriasurigao.wordpress.com/category/budlingin/
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Porn
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Business
| 0.471061 |
wordpress
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It took eight years, but U.S. employment — at least when it comes to the numbers of jobs — is finally back from the recession. And women, African-Americans and baby-boomers have led the way. Ryan Nunn, an economist with the Hamilton Project, tells Axios that, adjusting for population growth, all the jobs lost in the 2009 recession are now restored. But, he said, "there’s been a very different recovery for different kinds of Americans." Hamilton released a report on Friday detailing these results , using monthly jobs figures released by the federal government. Data: Bureau of Labor Statistics; Graphic: Chris Canipe / Axios Another bright spot is the Amazon economy. Jed Kolko, chief economist with Indeed.com, tells Axios that while brick-and-mortar sellers like electronics and clothing stores are seeing job plunges over the last year, e-commerce employment is up 5%, and transportation and warehousing by 4% (see chart below). "These are essentially the Amazon categories," Kolko says. Digging into the numbers: Women did not fall as far as men — losing 2.9 percentage points by their low point in 2011, compared with 5.5 for men — and they have now fully recovered from the recession. Men are still down by 1.6. African Americans have done even better than women as a demographic group. They suffered a 6 percentage point drop in employment after the financial crash, but are now 0.4 percentage points above the pre-recession level. Hispanics, after dropping by 5.4 percentage points, are now down just 0.2. "Whites were never hit as hard during the worst of the recession," says Nunn. "But they’ve actually recovered more slowly as well." That said, African American workers and women still remain employed at lower rates than white men. In addition, the U.S. economy is increasingly reliant on older workers: Though employment rates for working men in their prime (ages 25-54) has consistently trended down for decades , workers between the age of of 55-64 are employed at record high rates. A thought bubble: The less-than-full recovery for white men — including stubbornly flat wages year after year — helps explain the Trump campaign’s success with its anti-immigrant message, and why the administration is pushing policies like a crackdown on affirmative action. How to read the chart above: The circles indicate industries, sized by their average number of employees over time. From there, the chart is doing two things — tracking jobs and earnings from 2006 to 2017 (the up and down movement of the circles shows the change in number of jobs; left to right is the change in earnings), and projecting forward from 2014 to 2024 (signified by the intensity of the colors of the circles). The vertical axis indicates change in employment from the same month a year prior. The horizontal axis indicates the average wage within the industry. Blue circles are industries likely to grow over that decade (deep blue means strong projected growth). Pink means they will shrink (deep pink means serious shrinkage).
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2019-04-22T04:42:36Z
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https://economyandgrowth.wordpress.com/2017/08/06/women-and-baby-boomers-power-the-great-american-jobs-machine/
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Porn
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Business
| 0.072526 |
wordpress
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Once your local church grasps this call from your King, you will incorporate into your gatherings a time of prayer for the nations and seek the Lord’s direction regarding what to do. This is done for several reasons; you need to find out from the Lord how you are going to participate first hand in reaching the unreached. The Lord will give you a plan that you will not only initiate amongst yourselves, but share with the other house churches in your network (If you are not part of a network, join with one in your region. If there is not one, start one!) This plan consists of several simple steps that would prepare your church to reach the unreached.
A major strategic step is to recognize someone within your church that would serve as a “champion” for the cause of reaching the unreached. This person would remind everyone of the needs of the unreached, to be sure prayer was initiated, and that they were progressing towards their goal of taking the gospel of the kingdom to an unreached people group. This advocate or champion would be sure that the apostolic mission the Lord has birthed in your midst remains in the forefront of the hearts of each person in your church.
What is meant by prayer in this context is that the church develops an integrated initiative to pray for harvest, to pray for opportunity, and to pray for the advancement of Christ’s kingdom through the ministry of every member of the church. The success of your mobilization to reach beyond yourselves begins with the success of the mobilization of prayer for the lost. Your prayers would be focused on praying for the unreached as well as seeking the Lord so that He would reveal to you His plan regarding how to reach the world around you in Jerusalem, Judea, Samaria and the uttermost parts of the earth. As a result of much prayer and seeking the Lord’s will, you will come up with a God breathed strategic plan.
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2019-04-24T10:34:20Z
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https://dondavis.wordpress.com/2011/05/05/part-3-of-10-becoming-an-apostolic-simple-organic-house-church/
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Porn
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Home
| 0.273236 |
wordpress
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I’m a Christ follower and learning more every day about how flawed I am but how perfect my Savior is – thankful His mercy is new every morning. I’m a Senior studying English and Spanish Secondary Education. I will be student teaching in the fall, but I’m praying about how God wants to use my skills after graduation as I consider teaching and ministry options.
As the monkey in the middle of our trio of sisters, my outlook on life differs from theirs. I’ve had the privilege to witness or experience both sides of the spectrum and have learned to respect them both. When coming up with ideas for projects and trying to involve others, it is easier for me to see where people’s talents will fit in to the end product. I am excited to see how each of us women finds where our piece fits into the puzzle that is Grace Elizabeth’s.
When I’m not in class, at either of my two jobs, at a sorority event, or a Bible study, then I am most definitely at Barista’s, our local coffee shop. If I’m not sipping chai at my favorite booth, then I have probably dropped off the face of the earth – or I’m at home reading, knitting, crocheting, sewing and overall crafting in my “free” time. My most recently read favorite book would probably beWonderstruck, which I read for a Children’s Lit class last semester. It’s a hybrid text which means it is a story told in pictures and in words, which worked splendidly for this book! Check it out sometime!
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2019-04-18T18:20:43Z
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https://graceelizabeths.wordpress.com/about-us/courtney-rose/
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Porn
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Arts
| 0.458156 |
wordpress
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Time the US did the same.
I’m from Italy and is very difficolt for me understand how this is possible. They want eleminate your way of living. And if we don’t support you may be this will happen. But i like to think that something is changing, People ( onest people ) finally is starting to understand the reality of what is happening all over the world and even what is still happening to your people since the Greedy way of living of the white society reach the beautiful place that now we call america. Sorry if you don’t understand what i wrote, i just traslated my fealing from italian to english and this is not exacly correct. But one thing i want to put straight: I’m and always been on your side.
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2019-04-21T02:52:15Z
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https://lakotalawproject.wordpress.com/2015/06/08/report-government-enacted-cultural-genocide-against-indigenous-people/
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Porn
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Society
| 0.959989 |
utoronto
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Scientific research often yields vast amounts of data. This is particularly true in computational biology, where a large experiment might examine interactions among dozens or hundreds of genes and the proteins they produce. Prof. Brenda Andrews, director of the Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research at U of T, says biologists typically represent this information visually using a network graph, in which each gene is identified as a “node” on a network and is connected by a line or “edge” to the genes and proteins it interacts with.
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2019-04-25T11:15:06Z
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https://magazine.utoronto.ca/research-ideas/science/hairball-infoball-brenda-andrews/
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Porn
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Science
| 0.970635 |
wordpress
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winners – One Billion Hungry: Can We Feed the World?
In March, I travelled to Central and Northern Tanzania with the World Food Programme (WFP) team, to visit several farmer organisations that are participating in the Patient Procurement Platform (PPP). The PPP is an emanation of WFP’s smallholder sourcing policy, designed to catalyse increased production for smallholder farmers through co-ordinating market demand. These are farmers the WINnERS project aims to benefit.
My visit took advantage of a parallel project that was evaluating the success of another WFP engagement with smallholder farmers in Tanzania, Purchase for Progress (P4P). P4P highlights some of the key challenges faced in creating well-functioning agricultural value chains: capacity building and infrastructure development for village and district scale farmer organisations, in the form of leadership training and warehouse construction. Without well-functioning farmer organisations, the individual smallholder farmers that these cooperatives serve are unable aggregate sufficient produce to become market players and are certainly not able to deal directly with the medium to larger scale processors that dominate Tanzanian grain markets.
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2019-04-19T14:28:18Z
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https://canwefeedtheworld.wordpress.com/tag/winners/
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Porn
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Business
| 0.966335 |
wordpress
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Since yesterday I’ve had the hymn “Sweet Hour of Prayer” stuck in my head. I found it ironic, because if I were to add up my prayer time for the month so far, I might get up to 30 minutes.
This has been something I’ve been struggling with for some time; finding taking the time to spend with my God. To cry out to Him. To call upon His strength. To repent and ask His forgiveness. To praise Him for His many blessings.
And then this songs pops into my head. And I suggest it as one we use to open our LifeGroup tonight. It reminds me that I can leave it all with Him. All my worries, sorrows, pain. And I can find rest there.
So today I am thankful for two things: these songs that were written to remind us of Truth when we’ve forgotten; and a God Who is always ready to listen when we come to Him.
Oh that I would remember that daily and put it into practice. I hope you’re able to do the same.
“O soul, are you weary and troubled?” Last night and this morning those words ran through my head among the lies that floated in last night and made for a difficult nights sleep. I couldn’t remember the rest of the words but I knew who’s voice I heard singing it. Just looked it up and thought I’d share, because maybe, just maybe, you’re in need of this encouragement too.
“It’s Day One of the best of my life.” I remember hearing people say that their 30s were great; I shrugged it off as I wasn’t yet there. I hit them and began to wonder “What’s so great about this? I’m single and I’m really not fond of myself; inside or out.” Oh, how things have changed!
I can do nothing but thank God for that.
For His mercies that are new every day.
For His love that endures forever.
For His hand that I cannot be snatched out of.
I feel as if I’m finally coming into my own. It only took 33 years, that’s not so bad, right? I appreciate the woman God has made me to be and am excited for what He has planned next. This year itself (and we’re only 4 months in) has held a few firsts and other surprises that I could not have foreseen or imagined. And good or bad, I have come through them stronger.
I’m done wishing and am working with God to become who He has made me to be. I used to think that starting over meant that I had failed previously. While that may hold true in some cases, it is more important to focus on the fact that starting over means having the benefit of a clean slate. In Christ we get that. Every. Single. Day.
Are you ready for Day One?
So here’s your challenge (and mine) for the day: fix your eyes on the One who gives all wisdom. In doing that, anyone else who is watching will see where your heart and priorities really are. And maybe, just maybe, they’ll ask you what it’s all about.
As a quick follow-up to the other day; this song has been an anthem of sorts for me since I heard it for the first time. It’s really amazing. Just take a few moments to think of all the ways God has taken your brokenness and has turned it into His beauty. And if you can’t see that, if it hasn’t happened yet, know that He’s waiting for you. He sent His son, Jesus, to pay our penalty, to take on our sin, so we would not have to. Jesus did so, willingly, to save us from God’s wrath. To save us from our own sin, our ugliness, if you will. So we could have a relationship with Him and rise beautiful from the ashes of our former selves.
How are you letting God show His beauty in you today?
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2019-04-20T01:13:42Z
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https://thesedelightfilleddays.wordpress.com/tag/christian-music/
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Porn
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News
| 0.477892 |
wordpress
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I dare all USA craft distillers to mature a Single Malt spirit in refill, yes refill, Charred American Oak barrels, previously containing your own Whisky, Rye or Bourbon (etc).
Why the dare? I have always been told that USA whisky can only be made using New, Charred, American Oak containers. This is what has been told by many people. But is it actually true?
I think that the re-use of barrels would greatly diversify the flavours and tastes coming from the USA whisky’s. Hence the dare.
Would this kind of Whisky be considered legal? I think yes, it the distilleries make use of sections (2) or (3) of the code.
Check out CFR-2011-title27-vol1-sec5-22, in order to find two options available to distillers. Where § 5.22 (b) (1) only allows for new oak containers sections § 5.22 (b) (2) and § 5.22 (b) (3) allow the use of used oak containers.
(2) ‘‘Whisky distilled from bourbon (rye, wheat, malt, or rye malt) mash’’ is whisky produced in the United States at not exceeding 160° proof from a fermented mash of not less than 51 percent corn, rye, wheat, malted barley, or malted rye grain, respectively, and stored in used oak containers; and also includes mixtures of such whiskies of the same type. Whisky conforming to the standard of identity for corn whisky must be designated corn whisky.
(3) ‘‘Light whisky’’ is whisky produced in the United States at more than 160° proof, on or after January 26, 1968, and stored in used or uncharred new oak containers; and also includes mixtures of such whiskies. If ‘‘light whisky’’ is mixed with less than 20 per- cent of straight whisky on a proof gallon basis, the mixture shall be designated ‘‘blended light whisky’’ (light whisky—a blend).
I am Dutch so my English, or in this case my American English, may not be up to speed. Section (1) specifically identifies “charred new oak containers”. So section (1) is very specific. Sections (2) and (3) do not mention charred used containers, just used containers. Does that mean that sections (2) and (3) are intended to mean casks may not be charred in order to fall in this category? Or can used containers also be charred in order to be in the category “used“.
This is why I say my answer to the question if new charred oak should always be used was “no” (sorta). Sorta meaning I may have misinterpreted the texts in (2) and (3). If so, please send me feedback.
Are there many light whisky’s around? Nope, very very little in fact.
Only 14 of these light whisky’s have been registered in 2016. So if more distilleries make use of “light whisky”, then a greater diversity could come out of the craft distillers of the USA and it would be economic as well.
(a) Class 1; neutral spirits or alcohol.
‘‘Neutral spirits’’ or ‘‘alcohol’’ are dis- tilled spirits produced from any mate- rial at or above 190° proof, and, if bottled, bottled at not less than 80° proof.
(1) ‘‘Vodka’’ is neutral spirits so distilled, or so treated after distillation with charcoal or other materials, as to be without distinctive character, aroma, taste, or color.
(2) ‘‘Grain spirits’’ are neutral spirits distilled from a fermented mash of grain and stored in oak containers.
‘‘Whisky’’ is an alcoholic distillate from a fermented mash of grain produced at less than 190° proof in such manner that the distillate possesses the taste, aroma, and characteristics generally attributed to whisky, stored in oak containers (except that corn whisky need not be so stored), and bottled at not less than 80° proof, and also includes mixtures of such distillates for which no specific standards of identity are prescribed.
(b) (1) (i) ‘‘Bourbon whisky’’, ‘‘rye whisky’’, ‘‘wheat whisky’’, ‘‘malt whisky’’, or ‘‘rye malt whisky’’ is whisky produced at not exceeding 160° proof from a fermented mash of not less than 51 percent corn, rye, wheat, malted barley, or malted rye grain, respectively, and stored at not more than 125° proof in charred new oak containers; and also includes mixtures of such whiskies of the same type.
(b) (1) (ii) ‘‘Corn whisky’’ is whisky produced at not exceeding 160° proof from a fermented mash of not less than 80 percent corn grain, and if stored in oak containers stored at not more than 125° proof in used or uncharred new oak containers and not subjected in any manner to treatment with charred wood; and also includes mixtures of such whisky.
(b) (1) (iii) Whiskies conforming to the standards prescribed in paragraphs (b)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section, which have been stored in the type of oak containers prescribed, for a period of 2 years or more shall be further designated as ‘‘straight’’; for example, ‘‘straight bourbon whisky’’, ‘‘straight corn whisky’’, and whisky conforming to the standards prescribed in para- graph (b)(1)(i) of this section, except that it was produced from a fermented mash of less than 51 percent of any one type of grain, and stored for a period of 2 years or more in charred new oak containers shall be designated merely as ‘‘straight whisky’’. No other whiskies may be designated ‘‘straight’’. ‘‘Straight whisky’’ includes mixtures of straight whiskies of the same type produced in the same State.
(b) (2) ‘‘Whisky distilled from bourbon (rye, wheat, malt, or rye malt) mash’’ is whisky produced in the United States at not exceeding 160° proof from a fermented mash of not less than 51 percent corn, rye, wheat, malted barley, or malted rye grain, respectively, and stored in used oak containers; and also includes mixtures of such whiskies of the same type. Whisky conforming to the standard of identity for corn whisky must be designated corn whisky.
(b) (3) ‘‘Light whisky’’ is whisky produced in the United States at more than 160° proof, on or after January 26, 1968, and stored in used or uncharred new oak containers; and also includes mixtures of such whiskies. If ‘‘light whisky’’ is mixed with less than 20 percent of straight whisky on a proof gallon basis, the mixture shall be designated ‘‘blended light whisky’’ (light whisky—a blend).
(b) (4) ‘‘Blended whisky’’ (whisky—a blend) is a mixture which contains straight whisky or a blend of straight whiskies at not less than 20 percent on a proof gallon basis, excluding alcohol derived from added harmless coloring, flavoring or blending materials, and, separately, or in combination, whisky or neutral spirits. A blended whisky containing not less than 51 percent on a proof gallon basis of one of the types of straight whisky shall be further designated by that specific type of straight whisky; for example, ‘‘blended rye whisky’’ (rye whisky—a blend).
(b) (5) (i) ‘‘A blend of straight whiskies’’ (blended straight whiskies) is a mixture of straight whiskies which does not conform to the standard of identify for ‘‘straight whisky.’’ Products so designated may contain harmless coloring, flavoring, or blending materials as set forth in 27 CFR 5.23(a).
(b) (5) (ii) ‘‘A blend of straight whiskies’’ (blended straight whiskies) consisting entirely of one of the types of straight whisky, and not conforming to the standard for straight whisky, shall be further designated by that specific type of straight whisky; for example, ‘‘a blend of straight rye whiskies’’ (blended straight rye whiskies). ‘‘A blend of straight whiskies’’ consisting entirely of one of the types of straight whisky shall include straight whisky of the same type which was produced in the same State or by the same proprietor within the same State, provided that such whisky contains harmless coloring, flavoring, or blending materials as stated in 27 CFR 5.23(a).
(b) (5) (iii) The harmless coloring, flavoring, or blending materials allowed under this section shall not include neutral spirits or alcohol in their original state. Neutral spirits or alcohol may only appear in a ‘‘blend of straight whiskies’’ or in a ‘‘blend of straight whiskies consisting entirely of one of the types of straight whisky’’ as a vehicle for recognized flavoring of blending material.
(6) ‘‘Spirit whisky’’ is a mixture of neutral spirits and not less than 5 percent on a proof gallon basis of whisky, or straight whisky, or straight whisky and whisky, if the straight whisky component is less than 20 percent on a proof gallon basis.
(7) ‘‘Scotch whisky’’ is whisky which is a distinctive product of Scotland, manufactured in Scotland in compliance with the laws of the United Kingdom regulating the manufacture of Scotch whisky for consumption in the United Kingdom: Provided, That if such product is a mixture of whiskies, such mixture is ‘‘blended Scotch whisky’’ (Scotch whisky—a blend).
(8) ‘‘Irish whisky’’ is whisky which is a distinctive product of Ireland, manu- factured either in the Republic of Ire- land or in Northern Ireland, in compli- ance with their laws regulating the manufacture of Irish whisky for home consumption: Provided, That if such product is a mixture of whiskies, such mixture is ‘‘blended Irish whisky’’ (Irish whisky—a blend).
(9) ‘‘Canadian whisky’’ is whisky which is a distinctive product of Canada, manufactured in Canada in compliance with the laws of Canada regulating the manufacture of Canadian whisky for consumption in Canada: Provided, That if such product is a mixture of whiskies, such mixture is ‘‘blended Canadian whisky’’ (Canadian whisky—a blend).
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2019-04-24T10:49:47Z
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https://iladdie.wordpress.com/2017/04/27/dare-to-all-usa-craft-distillers/
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Porn
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News
| 0.357628 |
wordpress
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The values of both traditional and new media seem to have merged as the popularity of social media as news platforms has significantly grown in recent years. Public news consumption also seems to be shifting away from traditional to digital media. Journalists should keep up with the changing media landscape and not take journalistic principles like objectivity and accountability to the public for granted now that news and information can be accessed with just one click.
NYU technology researcher Danah Boyd said that recent controversies regarding Facebook’s “Trending Topics” go beyond the issue of neutrality. She asserted that Facebook must be accountable to the public because it is among “powerful” institutions that need checks and balances in the interest of the responsible functioning of society.
The Independent claims that Facebook is always listening. Facebook can gain access to a user’s microphone to listen to the user’s conversations to help serve “more relevant ads” to the user. Quartz offers tips on how to stop Facebook from accessing your phone.
Philippine President-elect Rodrigo Duterte has expressed his opinion on how he would address the problem of media killings in the country in a recent press conference. He said that the journalists who are corrupt and who accept bribes were “legitimate targets for assassination.” Meanwhile, journalists’ groups in the Philippines have slammed Duterte’s statement about the problem of media killing in the country.
Facebook has taken down reporter Ed Lingao’s post against former President Marcos’ burial at the “Libingan ng mga Bayani,” citing violation of “Facebook community standards.” Some Facebook users have called out the site for violating press freedom and reposted Lingao’s article on their timelines.
In Australia, the long-running Helen Liu defamation case spells bad news for journalists’ right to protect their sources when the New South Wales Supreme Court ordered Fairfax journalists to reveal the names of sources in the stories that alleged that businesswoman Liu had paid $150,000 for the campaign of former Australian Labor defense minister Joel Fitzgibbon.
The accessibility of social media may place organizations at risk of having a social media crisis. Here are some tips on preventing social media armageddon.
Researchers have found that alcohol ads on social media successfully encourage people to drink. However, another study shows that social media may also help identify students with “alcohol identity” at risk of having drinking problems.
Author Lisa Portolan shared several theories on the roots of social media addiction.
The UK’s National Environment Research Council (NERC) got itself in a tight PR situation when it crowdsourced the naming of its new ship and “Boaty McBoatface” got the most votes to be the name for the new research vessel. Here are some lessons on brand control on the Internet.
A recent study suggests that “Grammar Nazis,” or people who are obsessed with correcting others’ grammar mistakes, may not be nice people after all.
Here’s how to make the most of Twitter’s newly implemented changes.
Mobile livestreaming apps like Facebook and Periscope need a waiting room to keep people entertained while they wait for their livestreams to begin.
Is today’s “selfie culture” bad for our brains? Philosopher-psychoanalyst Elsa Godart discusses the impact of “egoportraits” and how there is a real danger of losing the connection and consciousness of the world around us.
A study from the University of Southern California found that the longer you spend time commenting on posts, the shorter and less sophisticated your comments become.
Paleoanthropologist Genevieve von Petzinger has found markings around Europe that may point out how writing began.
Are you a workaholic? If so, working for long hours may take a toll on your health and productivity. Here are tips on how to break your addiction to work.
Do you want to know how productive people send their e-mails? This article provides six ways on how to do it.
Gmail is now the world’s largest e-mail service. Nathan McAlone shares 17 tips and tricks that will change the way you use Gmail.
Halifax student Curtis Bureaux is using social media to spread love and make people smile by making a heart, taking its picture, and sharing it online.
Goodreads has launched a new service called “Goodreads Deals” that sends e-mails to users when e-books are offered at discounted prices.
Ditto is a fortnightly collection of stories on publishing, media, communications, and topics that concern editorial professionals from the most credible sources on the Web. We hope to educate young professional writers and editors about industry standards, breakthroughs, and trends, among other things. Usually, you’ll find news and commentaries in here, but from time to time, we also feature tweets, visuals, games, freebies, and other fun but useful stuff that caught our eye.
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2019-04-25T02:40:47Z
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https://projectchiron.wordpress.com/2016/06/10/public-news-consumption-and-journalistic-objectivity-and-accountability-in-the-social-media-era/
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Porn
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News
| 0.352191 |
wordpress
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We had a great turnout at our general meeting yesterday!
We took our yearly photo, and actually had to switch from our usual location (ChemSci lobby) because there were just too many of us! I can’t believe how much we’ve grown. Thanks everyone who attended and for wearing all your spiffy SWE apparel. I would say we were lookin pretty good!
We also had a great presentation for the rest of the meeting. Our own Katie Bunker gave a fantastic presentation, “You’re in SWE, now what?” This was basically a thorough background on SWE as whole society, the layout of the organization, and ways you can get involved. It was great to learn more about SWE and I think the new members definitely benefited from hearing this info early on. And we couldn’t have had anyone better than Katie to present, she definitely is greatly involved in SWE.
Our next meeting is quite festive! We will be painting pumpkins on October 23rd!
A big congratulations to Elizabeth Wohlford, Kodi Padilla, and Lauren Bodeis! They are our section winners for the Stilettos to Steel Toes Essay Contest. Thanks to everyone who submitted an essay, this was a great fundraiser for our section!
Engineering Ambassadors is looking for volunteers who are passionate about spreading engineering to elementary and middle school students! They are a student organization that visits local elementary and middle schools to spread their love for engineering. Students pair up and create presentations and activities that they will use when visiting the local schools. From personal experience, this organization is a blast! It was so rewarding to be able to work to come up with an activity and then see how excited all the kids were to learn about engineering! They’re also looking for more guys to join the organization, so if you know anyone who you think would be perfect for this, tell them to contact us! Contact me (easheera@mtu.edu) or the advisor of Engineering Ambassadors (Michelle Miller mhmiller@Mtu.edu) for more information.
Fall is peaking around here, so get out there and enjoy the weather and beautiful trees this weekend!
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2019-04-25T14:08:58Z
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https://michigantechswe.wordpress.com/2013/10/10/282/
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Porn
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Kids
| 0.513436 |
greenend
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13 Affero General Public License for more details.
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33 cooperation with the community in the case of network server software.
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84 "This License" refers to version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License.
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204 4. Conveying Verbatim Copies.
212 recipients a copy of this License along with the Program.
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444 9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
453 covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.
455 10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.
460 for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.
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478 sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
484 work thus licensed is called the contributor's "contributor version".
499 propagate the contents of its contributor version.
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520 country that you have reason to believe are valid.
528 work and works based on it.
543 or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
547 otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
549 12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
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587 address new problems or concerns.
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651 the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
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664 GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
667 along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
669 Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
680 if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
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2019-04-22T19:11:39Z
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http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/ucgi/~ian/git?p=appendix-a6.git;a=blob;f=COPYING;hb=HEAD
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Porn
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Computers
| 0.690426 |
wordpress
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Today we got back from a week at the beach and things are coming along nicely. We definitely have a squirrel problem, and as a result no tomatoes. We probably have 100 on the vine, but they are eaten well before becoming ripe.
The corn is pretty impressive to someone that hasn’t grown corn before. We have two rows of Silver Queen and the back row is Silver King. In the last week it has grown at least a foot and ears of corn have emerged everywhere.
Moving to the left and pretty much taking over all available space is the watermelon. At my last visit our first melon was the size of a fat cucumber, today it’s the size of a rugby ball.
To the left of the melons are cucumbers, squash, bush beans, pole beans and more beans. Only the first teepee of pole beans is producing, but I definitely got enough to feed the family.
Everything in the middle is getting rampaged by squirrels. I bet there were 50 cherry tomatoes half eaten on the ground, and a couple of peppers had been eaten through. It’s time to spend a day there weeding for sure. Here is a picture of what I walked away with.
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2019-04-24T14:35:06Z
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https://carsonmatthewsblog.wordpress.com/tag/silver-king-corn/
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Porn
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Recreation
| 0.407302 |
wordpress
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There are several different data points to review when answering this question including median price, days on market and total inventory sold. Below is a snapshot of the last two years closed transactions in Mammoth Lakes and preliminary year-end 2013 results.
In summary for the condo market, there was a significant increase in the number sold (~14% ) and condos sold more quickly (~17%)and at a higher price than the previous two years (~7%).
In summary for the single-family home market, while the number sold and the median price remained relatively flat, the days on market reduced significantly.
If you are interested in buying or selling, a qualified Realtorâ can provide the relevant data for your specific neighborhood or area of interest.
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2019-04-19T10:20:51Z
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https://mammothlakesrealestate.wordpress.com/2014/01/
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.537851 |
wordpress
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This blog as all my life is a work in progress. Nothing is written in stone as is with this blog. Bear with me until I play around until I like the look of the blog.
A little about me, I am a 40 something now living in Delaware USA, originally from Southend, Essex, England. Have been living in the USA since Jan 1995.
I am passionate about a lot of things so follow me on a journey where I have no idea where it will take us. Please keep your arms and legs in the car at all times, buckle up and enjoy the ride.
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2019-04-21T08:30:31Z
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https://niccihartland.wordpress.com/page/3/
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.198022 |
wordpress
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बेख़ौफ़! अँधेरी रातों में, हाथों में लिए दीया , ये कौन चल रहा है?
हैरान हूँ! मैं इस ज़माने से, जाने क्यों वो उससे, इस क़दर जल रहा है?
Author AbhayPosted on September 12, 2018 September 14, 2018 Categories Contemplation, Hindi, Motivation, Shayari, ThoughtTags Hindi, Inspiration, Motivation, Nostalgic, Shayari14 Comments on बेख़ौफ़!
Author AbhayPosted on November 27, 2017 November 27, 2017 Categories Contemplation, Inspiration, Motivation, UncategorizedTags Courage, Inspiration, Motivation10 Comments on साहस ..
When someone achieves some extraordinary feat, even when they face a lot of hurdles and pains in their way, in my opinion, those persons motivate us. Isn’t it?
But, it is true that this is not the case for all of us, as many claims that they are self motivated. Many argue that no humans can be their motivation as they are only motivated through divine aspect of the nature.
Have you ever been in any situation in your life where you have felt that you are alone amidst the mob? Yes, No.
Anyway, Skip this question and face a new one.
Have you ever been really alone and secluded, where no one is besides you and the closet person are physically situated miles apart from you? I think most us wouldn’t have experienced this kind of situation.
Six girls decided the fate that they are going to place themselves in the same situation and that too willingly. They are Lieutenant Commander Vartika Joshi , Lieutenant Commander Pratibha Jamwal, Lieutenants P Swathi, Vijaya Devi, Payal Gupta and B Aishwarya.
Do you know them? Yes, No. Doesn’t matter, even I were oblivious of them till recently.
I think they are worth knowing. That is why I decided to write about them.
All of them, whose name I have mentioned, are officers of Indian Navy and they have decided to circumnavigate the earth without any assistance of their male counterpart. This means that all women crew, for the first time in the History of India, have decided to have a complete a circle around the earth in a ship called INS Tarini. They have already started the journey and has reached the first leg of it.
The mission is termed as Navika Sagar Parkirama. This mission was flagged by, first full time female Defence Minister of India, Nirmala Sitaraman.
INSV Tarini is 55 foot sailing vessel built indigenously in India by M/s Aquarius Shipyard Pvt Ltd, Goa.
The expedition will be covered in five legs, with stop-overs at 4 ports Fremantle (Australia), Lyttleton (New Zealand), Port Stanley (Falklands), and Cape Town (South Africa) for replenishment of ration and repairs as necessary.
It will circumnavigate globe in approximately 165 days and is expected to return to Goa in April 2018.
The ship will promote Make in India, as it is indigenously built.
The crew will check and collect the data for marine pollution.
Many of you would be aware that in ancient time, Indians were not supposed to cross over the oceans, because it was termed as inauspicious. That was the day and this is the day, when only women crew has started a voyage to break the shackles of the idea that women are subordinate to men and they can’t venture alone in life. Imagine the journey, it will not be easy. There will be dark nights, and that too in ocean. There may be no humans in their sight for miles. The sound of the ripples of the ocean may be horrific. Some waves will be huge. They may encounter some pirates in their journey. The ship is not too big and waves and thunderstorm may test their mettle in mid way. But they are prepared for it. They have already faced the waves of prejudice and subjugation by male dominated society, probably their voyage will be easier than the voyage that women has had over the centuries in India. They have decided to lost in joy of the journey, and when they will return back to Indian Coast, probably many Indians will discover a new perspective.
These all girls inspired me, and I hope they will also inspire you!!!
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2019-04-19T03:09:29Z
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https://eternaltryst.wordpress.com/tag/motivation/
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Porn
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News
| 0.228524 |
wordpress
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In order to suggest some antidotes for the poison being spread in some of the Churches around us – and some of these were mentioned in the last issue – I thought it wise to draw attention once again to what the healthy Church should look like.
Even the early Church was not perfect, as we find from reading the Book of Acts and Paul’s letters, so there is not much point in slavishly trying to emulate everything they did. There is no Scriptural call for every Church to put all their belongings into a common distribution place, or to meet in the temple daily, for example.
In some parts of the world, at some time, those actions would very likely be appropriate.
But there are five major emphases that the new Church showed in Jerusalem that, I believe, every Christian Church, everywhere should have all the time. These are stressed in Acts 2:42 and Revelation 2:4.
We do not have apostles today, despite the false teachings of some would-be Church leaders.
Therefore, the first point is that, since the doctrine taught by the apostles was satisfactory and complete enough for the salvation and edification of those early Church believers, it ought to be sufficient for all Christians today.
They did not need the accretions of tradition and neither do we. They did not need new revelations, new pronouncements by some Church leader, or new doctrines such as prayer to Mary and the saints, and neither do we.
Everything we need is there, now in black and white, faithfully translated into all major world languages.
They devoted themselves to the apostles’ teaching. What was that teaching? It was that which is clearly and plainly laid out for us in the recorded sermons of Peter and the letters of Paul.
The plain and simple teaching was the content of the gospel – there was a lot of emphasis on the amazing fact that the saving work of Christ on the cross, and His incredible resurrection, was the fulfillment of many Old Testament prophecies.
The healthy Church today will centre ALL of its teaching on the teaching of the apostles – in other words, the proclamation of the gospel and its implications for living. Anything else is deficient.
The word ‘fellowship’ means ‘joint participation’ or ‘sharing something in common.’ In other places it is used of a common sharing of the Holy Spirit, of Christ’s sufferings and in general ministry.
No ‘one-man bands’ or dictators here!
The most common expression of fellowship in the NT is that of giving. [See Romans 12:13].
Since financial giving was important to prevent poverty, this practice was also advocated by Paul when he took a collection for the famine-stricken Jerusalem Christians.
Most of the money contributed was given by Christians living hundreds of kilometres away! This is a great example of what we relatively rich Christians in Australia should be doing for our persecution and poverty-stricken brethren overseas.
Some gave everything they possessed, some [Ananias and Sapphira] faked it to their detriment. Not everyone sold up everything and neither should we who have families to support.
Often the ‘breaking of bread’ refers to Communion, and nowhere is the Catholic Mass, celebrated by a priest, even remotely suggested in the NT.
This simple ordinance of remembering the Lord’s death, till He comes again, has been an important part of the Church’s activity since Jesus instituted it on the eve of His death.
Any Christian group which ignores the commemoration of the Lord’s Supper is neglecting an important part of their witness. So too, I believe, are those groups who only have communion once a quarter or even less often.
This is especially so since Jesus actually told His disciples to remember Him this way, in the symbols of the bread and the wine.
The breaking of bread can also refer to common meals which were shared by the early Church. The sharing of a meal and hospitality between Christians is an important part of fellowship.
I believe that today this would not necessarily have to involve an impressive ‘bun fight’, but is more likely a simple meal between several people in someone’s home shared in His name.
The literal Greek is ‘the prayers’, plural. This suggests many different prayers on all subjects, rather than just a rote prayer such as the Lord’s prayer repeated by all.
It also suggests that the praying was done by many people, not just the leaders of the group. The concept of the priesthood of all believers seems to be alive and well in the early Church as it should be today. All can pray, not always aloud or in public, but we are to continue in praying as the early Church did.
Since Jesus had taught them how to pray it would be logical to believe this provided the basis for all their praying, as it should for us too.
The importance of love in all of these things will be dealt with next time.
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2019-04-22T08:40:46Z
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https://itaintthesame.wordpress.com/2013/10/
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Porn
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Health
| 0.332894 |
google
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用于在眼睛跟踪中使用的透明波导包括输入耦合器和输出耦合器。 A transparent waveguide includes an input coupler and the output coupler for use in eye tracking. 该输入耦合器包括具有径向变化的节距的多个弯曲栅格线。 The input coupler comprises a plurality of curved grid lines having a radially varying pitch. 当被置于用红外光照明的眼睛的前方时，从该眼睛反射并入射到该输入耦合器上的红外光束在该输入耦合器处进入该波导，经由全内反射穿过该波导传播，以及在输出耦合器附近离开该波导。 When placed with the front of the eye infrared illumination from the eye reflected incident infrared beam on the input coupler enters the waveguide of the input at the coupler, via total internal reflection through the waveguide propagation, and exiting the waveguide near the output coupler. 该输入耦合器的弯曲栅格线的径向变化的节距提供入射到该输入耦合器上的红外光的角度编码，具体而言，引起入射到该输入耦合器的相应的不同的水平和竖直位置上的不同红外光束以相应的不同反射角穿过波导传播，并相对于红外光束穿过其离开的波导表面以相应的不同的入射角离开波导。 Radial variation of the input pitch bend grid line coupler provides the angle of incidence of infrared light on the coding of the input coupler, specifically, causes the input coupler is incident to respective different horizontal and vertical different infrared beam on a straight position corresponding to a different angle of reflection through the waveguide propagation, with respect to an infrared light beam passing through it exits the waveguide surface at respective different angles of incidence away from the waveguide.
透视、混合现实显示设备系统使得用户能够观察覆盖在物理场景上的数字信息。 perspective, mixed reality display device system enables the user to observe the physical scene overlaid on the digital information. 为了允许不用手的(hands-free)用户交互，透视、混合现实显示设备系统可进一步装备有眼睛跟踪器。 To allow the (hands-free) user interactive hands-perspective, mixed reality display device system may further be equipped with eye tracker. 通常，眼睛跟踪器包括用于照明用户的眼睛的红外（IR)光源以及用于对用户的眼睛成像(例如，用于观察反射的闪光和虹膜移动以计算注视方向）的相机。 Typically, eye tracker comprises an infrared illuminating the user's eye (IR) light source and means for imaging the eye of the user (e.g., for viewing flash and iris moving reflection to calculate a gaze direction) of the camera. 对用户的眼睛的照明和成像优选地被实现成使得:混合显示显示设备系统的透视属性不因眼睛跟踪硬件受损;对眼睛的成像对所有类型的处方眼镜(prescription spectacles)均有效；以及对眼睛的成像覆盖整个眼睛移动范围加上瞳孔间距离范围。 Illumination and imaging the user's eye is preferably implemented such that: mixing a perspective attribute display device system is not hardware damage due to eye tracking; imaging of the eye are valid for all types of prescription glasses (prescription spectacles); as well as eye imaging covers the entire eye movement range plus interpupillary distance range.
对眼睛成像以进行眼睛跟踪的一种方式是使用装载在头戴式显示(HMD)设备的框架上的简单相机，其中相机直接聚焦在用户的眼睛上。 One way of imaging the eye for an eye tracking is used to load the head-mounted display simple camera on the frame (HMD) device, wherein the camera is focused directly on the user's eye. 换言之，存在从相机到眼睛的直接视线。 In other words, there is a direct line of sight from the camera to the eye. 尽管这种配置相对简单且便宜，然而它对相机相对于眼睛的位置和移动高度灵敏。 Although this configuration is relatively simple and inexpensive, but its camera position relative to the eye and move highly sensitive. 而且，使用这种配置，相机需要被放置地靠近眼睛高度，这通常导致混合现实显示设备系统的透视属性的至少部分遮挡。 Moreover, with this configuration, the camera needs to be placed close to the eye level, which typically results in mixed reality display at least a part of the block fluoroscopy device attributes system. 替换地，部分反射器可被用来这些相机查看路径到用户的太阳穴。 Alternatively, the partial reflector may be used for these cameras view the path to the user's temple. 尽管此替换配置允许将相机定位在透视视野之外，然而此替换配置的实现在眼睛跟踪需要在处方眼镜的情况下工作时有问题。 Although this alternative configuration allows the camera to be positioned outside the field of view of, but this alternative configuration is achieved there is a problem in the eye tracking need to work in the case of prescription glasses.
另一种可能是使用基于自由形式棱镜的混合现实显示设备系统中的逆向光学路径成像。 Another possibility is to use a reverse optical path of the image forming apparatus system based on mixed reality freeform prism display. 此技术依赖于实际的显示光学器件来提供成像功能以进行眼睛跟踪。 This technique relies on the actual display optics to provide an imaging function for eye tracking. 然而，因为自由形式棱镜的组件通常尺寸很大，所以这种方法不总是实际的。 However, because a large component normal size freeform prism, so this method is not always practical. 添加仅用于眼睛跟踪的自由形式光学器件也是可能的，但是这将是昂贵的而且将给系统增加大量重量和尺寸。 Adding only a freeform optics eye tracking are also possible, but this would be expensive and would add a large number of weight and size of the system.
本文描述的某些实施例涉及用于在跟踪由红外光照明的眼睛时使用的波导。 Certain embodiments described herein relate to use in tracking the infrared light for illuminating the eye of the waveguide. 这种波导（其可在头戴式显示器(HMD)中使用，但不限于与其一起使用）是透明的且包括输入耦合器以及输出耦合器。 Such a waveguide (which may be used in the head-mounted display (HMD) in, but not limited to used therewith) is transparent and includes an input coupler and output coupler. 输入耦合器包括由多个弯曲栅格线形成的栅格区域，所述弯曲栅格线将入射到输入耦合器上的光束衍射到波导中并衍射向输出耦合器所处的一公共区域。 Input coupler comprises a grid area formed by a plurality of curved grid lines, the curved grid line beam incident on the input coupler diffracted into the waveguide and the diffraction a common area in which the output coupler. 输入耦合器的弯曲栅格线具有径向变化的节距。 Input coupler curved grid lines having a radially varying pitch. 根据一实施例，输入耦合器的弯曲栅格线的径向变化的节距随着距输出耦合器的增加的距离而减小。 According to one embodiment, radially curved grid line input coupler change in pitch with distance output from the increased coupling is reduced. 优选地，输入耦合器和输出耦合器相对于彼此定位成基本上实现远心性(telecentricity)。 Preferably, the input coupler and output coupler are positioned relative to each other substantially achieve telecentricity (telecentricity). 输出親合器可包括线性栅格、 全息栅格或棱镜，但不限于此。 Output affinity may include a linear grid, holographic grid or prism, but is not limited thereto.
当输入耦合器被置于用红外光照明的眼睛前方时，从眼睛反射并入射到输入耦合器上的红外光束在输入耦合器处进入波导，穿过波导从输入耦合器经由全内反射传播到输出耦合器，并在输出耦合器附近离开波导。 When the input coupler is placed in front of infrared light for illuminating the eye, reflected from the eye is incident infrared beam on the input coupling into the waveguide at the input coupler, and runs the full waveguide from the input coupler via reflection propagate to the output coupler, and exits the waveguide near the output coupler. 输入耦合器的弯曲栅格线的径向变化的节距导致入射到输入耦合器的相应的不同的水平和竖直位置上的不同红外光束以相应的不同反射角穿过波导传播，并相对于光束穿过其离开的波导表面以相应的不同的入射角离开波导。 Radial input coupler curved grid lines changes in pitch leads incident to different infrared beam on the input coupler corresponding to different horizontal and vertical positions to respective different angle of reflection through the waveguide propagation, with respect to light beam passing through it exits the waveguide surface at respective different angles of incidence away from the waveguide.
输入耦合器的多个弯曲栅格线各自具有汇聚点，所述汇聚点位于波导的输出耦合器所处的区域内。 The region of the plurality of curved grid lines are each The input coupler having a converging point, said convergence point on the output coupling waveguide is located. 在一具体实施例中，输入耦合器的多个弯曲栅格线基本同心，各自具有基本相同的曲率中心，且各自具有基本相同的汇聚点。 In a particular embodiment, the input coupler is a plurality of curved grid lines substantially concentric, each having substantially the same center of curvature, and each have substantially the same point of convergence. 在一替换实施例中，输入親合器的光学传输功能基本等同于与线性衍射栅格的光学传输功能相组合的轴上全息透镜的光学传输功能。 In an alternative embodiment, the input affinity an optical transmission function is substantially equivalent to the shaft hologram lens and the optical transmission functional linear diffraction grating combined with an optical transmission function. 在此替换实施例中，尽管输入耦合器的多个弯曲栅格线不基本同心，不共享基本相同的曲率中心，且不共享基本相同的汇聚点，然而输入耦合器的多个弯曲栅格线将仍旧各自具有位于波导的输出耦合器所处的区域内的汇聚点。 In this alternative embodiment, a plurality although the input coupler curved grid lines are not substantially concentrically, do not share substantially the same center of curvature, and do not share substantially the same convergence point, but a plurality of curved grid lines input coupler the still each have a converging point within the region of the waveguide of the output coupler is located.
根据一实施例，包括上面概述的波导的实施例的系统还可包括红外照明源，该红外照明源产生被用于照明眼睛的红外光。 According to one embodiment, a system including an embodiment outlined above waveguide may further include an infrared illumination source, the infrared illumination source produces infrared light is used to illuminate the eye. 这种系统也可包括透镜模块，该透镜模块将离开波导的红外光束从角度编码的红外光束转换为二维空间编码的红外光束。 Such a system may also include a lens module, the lens module will leave the infrared beam waveguide from the perspective of coded infrared beam into an infrared beam a two-dimensional spatial encoding. 此外，这种系统可包括传感器，该传感器取决于使用透镜模块产生的二维空间编码的红外光束来产生眼睛跟踪数据。 In addition, such a system may include a sensor depending on the infrared beam using a lens module generates a two-dimensional spatial encoding to generate the eye tracking data. 而且，系统可包括基于眼睛跟踪数据控制或修改应用的一方面的处理器。 Further, the system may comprise based eye tracking aspect of the data control or modification of an application processor.
提供本概述以便以简化的形式介绍以下在详细描述中进一步描述的一些概念。 This Summary is provided to introduce the concepts that are further described in the detailed description of a simplified form. 本概述并非旨在标识出要求保护的主题的关键特征或必要特征，亦非旨在用作辅助确定要求保护的主题的范围。 This summary is not intended to identify key features of the claimed subject matter or essential features, nor is it intended scope of the subject is used as an aid in determining claimed.
图1是描绘透视、混合现实显示设备系统的一个实施例的示例组件的框图。 FIG. 1 is a depiction of a perspective view, a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the assembly apparatus system mixed reality display.
图2A是被具体化为提供对硬件和软件组件的支持的眼镜的透视、混合现实显示设备的实施例中的镜架的眼镜腿的侧视图。 FIG. 2A is embodied as a support for hardware and software components of the eyeglasses perspective view, a side view mixed reality apparatus in the embodiment of the temple of the frame.
图2B是透视、近眼、混合现实设备的集成眼睛跟踪和显示光学系统的实施例的顶视图。 FIG. 2B is a perspective view, near-eye, mixed reality apparatus integrated eye tracking and shows a top view of an embodiment of the optical system.
图3A是可以用于一个或多个实施例的透视、近眼、混合现实显示设备的硬件和软件组件的一个实施例的框图。 FIG 3A is a perspective an embodiment of one or more embodiments, a block diagram of one embodiment of hardware and software components of the device of the near-eye, mixed reality display.
图3B是描述处理单元的各组件的框图。 FIG. 3B is a block diagram depicting components of the processing unit.
图4A是根据一实施例的平面波导的透视图。 FIG 4A is a perspective view of a planar waveguide in accordance with an embodiment.
图4B是在图4A中介绍的平面波导的正视图。 FIG. 4B is described in FIG. 4A planar waveguide elevational FIG.
图4C、4D和4E分别是图4A中介绍的平面波导的侧视图、正视图和俯视图，其还示出了与该平面波导一起使用的透镜模块和眼睛跟踪IR传感器。 FIG. 4C, 4D, and 4E are side in FIG. 4A described planar waveguide, a front view and a plan view, which also shows the eye and the lens module for use with the planar waveguide IR sensor tracking.
图5A-5C被用来解说根据一实施例的用于设计平面波导的输入耦合器的技术。 FIGS. 5A-5C is used for the embodiment illustrated art design input planar waveguide coupler according to one embodiment.
图6是被用来概述用于在跟踪眼睛中使用的方法的高级流程图。 FIG. 6 is used for high-level flowchart of a method used in the track eye outlined for.
本技术的某些实施例涉及波导，该波导允许实现对眼睛的成像以用于眼睛跟踪的目的，而不损害混合现实显示设备系统的透视属性。 The present technology Certain embodiments relate to a waveguide allows imaging of the eye for the purpose of eye tracking, without impairing the mixed reality shows a perspective properties device system. 此外，这些实施例可有利地与处方眼镜一起使用。 Furthermore, these embodiments may be advantageously used with prescription glasses. 而且，这些实施例可被用来执行覆盖整个眼睛移动范围加上瞳孔间距离范围的眼睛的成像。 Furthermore, these embodiments may be used to perform cover the entire eye movement range plus the imaging of the eye distance between the pupils. 然而，在更详细地讨论这些实施例之前，首先有用地描述可与本技术一起使用的示例性的透视、混合现实显示设备系统。 However, before we discussed in more detail these embodiments, first usefully described exemplary perspective view that may be used with the present technique, mixed reality display device system.
图1是描绘透视、混合现实显示设备系统的一个实施例的示例组件的框图。 FIG. 1 is a perspective view depicting a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of an apparatus assembly of the mixed reality display system. 系统8 包括作为通过线6与处理单元4进行通信的近眼、头戴式显示设备2的透视显示设备。 The system 8 includes a near-eye communicating via line 6 to the processing unit 4, the head mounted display radioscopy apparatus 2 of the display device. 在其他实施例中，头戴式显示设备2通过无线通信来与处理单元4进行通信。 In other embodiments, the head mounted display device 2 communicate via wireless communication with the processing unit 4. 处理单元4可以采取各种实施例。 The processing unit 4 may take various embodiments. 例如，处理单元4可实现在如智能手机、平板或膝上型计算机之类的移动设备中。 For example, processing unit 4 may be implemented as a smart phone, tablet or laptop computer mobile device. 在一些实施例中，处理单元4是可以佩戴在用户的身体(例如，在所示示例中的腕)上或置于口袋中的分开的单元，并且包括用于操作近眼显示设备2的计算能力中的大部分能力。 In some embodiments, the processing unit 4 can be worn on the user's body (e.g., wrist in the illustrated example) in the pocket or in a separate unit, and includes a computing device 2 for operating a near-eye display most of ability. 处理单元4可在通信网络50上与一个或多个集线器计算系统12无线地通信(例如，WiFi、蓝牙、红夕卜、RFID传输、无线通用串行总线(WUSB)、蜂窝、3G、4G或其它无线通信装置），而无论如本示例中的位于附近或位于远程位置。 The processing unit 4 may be over a communication network 50 to one or more of 12 wirelessly communication hub computing system (e.g., WiFi, Bluetooth, red Xi Bu, the RFID transmission, wireless universal serial bus (the WUSB), cellular, 3G, 4G, or other wireless communication devices), regardless as near or at a remote location in the present example. 在其他实施例中，处理单元4的功能可被集成在显示设备2的软件和硬件组件中。 In other embodiments, the functionality of the processing unit 4 may be integrated in the software and hardware components of the display apparatus 2.
头戴式显示设备2 (在一个实施例中它是带镜架115的眼镜的形状)被佩戴在用户的头上，使得用户可以透视显示器(在该示例中该显示器被实现为用于每一只眼睛的显示光学系统14)，并且从而具有对该用户前方的空间的实际直接视图。 The head mounted display device 2 (In one embodiment, it is the shape of the spectacle frames 115 tape) is worn on the user's head, so that the user can see-through display (the display is implemented in this example for the use of a display optical system for each eye 14), and thereby have an actual direct view of the space in front of the user.
使用术语“实际直接视图”来指直接用人眼看到真实世界对象，而非看到所创建的对象的图像表示的能力。 The term "actual direct view" refers to direct the human eye to see the real-world objects, rather than the ability to see images of objects created indicated. 例如，通过眼镜看房间允许用户得到该房间的实际直接视图，而在电视机上观看房间的视频不是该房间的实际直接视图。 For example, allowing the user to see through the glasses to give room actual direct view of the room, while directly viewing the actual video view of the room is not room on the television. 基于执行软件(例如，游戏应用）的上下文，该系统可以将虚拟对象的图像(有时称为虚拟图像)投影在可由佩戴该透视显示设备的人观看的显示器上，同时该人还透过该显示器观看现实世界物体。 Based executing software (e.g., gaming application) context, the system may be an image of a virtual object (sometimes referred to as a virtual image) projected by the perspective view shown on the display wearing person viewing device, while that person is also transmitted through the display Watch real-world objects.
框架115提供用于将该系统的各元件保持在原位的支承体以及用于电连接的管道。 The frame 115 is provided for each of the elements the system was kept at the support place as well as conduit for electrical connection. 在该实施例中，镜架115提供了便利的眼镜架作为下面进一步讨论的系统的各元件的支撑体。 In this embodiment, the frame 115 provides a convenient eyeglass frame as a support system of the elements discussed further below. 在其他实施例中，可以使用其他支承结构。 In other embodiments, other support structure. 这样的结构的示例是帽舌或护目镜。 An example of such a structure is a visor or goggles. 镜架包括用于搁置在用户的每只耳朵上的镜腿或侧臂。 The frame includes means for resting temple or side arm on each ear of the user. 镜腿102代表右镜腿的实施例，并且包括显示设备2的控制电路136。 Example temple 102 represents the right temple, and the control circuit 136 includes a display device 2. 镜架115的鼻梁104包括用于记录声音并向处理单元4传送音频数据的话筒110。 Frame 115 of the bridge 104 includes means for recording the sound to the processing unit 4 transmits microphone 110 and audio data.
图2A是被具体化为提供对硬件和软件组件的支持的眼镜的透视、混合现实显示设备的实施例中的镜架115的眼镜腿102的侧视图。 FIG. 2A is embodied as a support for hardware and software components of a perspective view of eyeglasses, the eyeglass frames mixed reality shows a side view of the embodiment 115 of the apparatus 102 of the leg. 在镜架115的正面朝向物理环境或朝向外侧的视频相机113,其捕捉发送给处理单元4的视频和静态图像。 The front frame 115 facing toward the outside of the physical environment or a video camera 113, which is transmitted to the processing unit to capture video and still images of 4.
来自相机的数据可被发送到控制电路136的处理器210、或处理单元4、或者这两者，它们可以处理该数据，但单元4也可将数据通过网络50或发送到一个或多个计算机系统12。 The data from the camera may be transmitted to, or both the control circuit 136 of processor 210 or a processing unit 4, which can process the data, the unit 4 may send data to a or through a network 50 or a plurality of computer system 12. 该处理标识并映射用户的现实世界视野。 This process identifies and maps the user's real world perspective.
控制电路136提供支持头戴式显示设备2的其他组件的各种电子装置。 The control circuit 136 provides support for the head-mounted display for various electronic devices of other components of the device 2. 控制电路136的更多细节在下文参照图3A提供。 More details of the control circuit 136 3A is provided with reference to FIG hereinafter. 处于镜腿102内部或安装在镜腿102处的有耳机130、 惯性传感器132、GPS收发机144、以及温度传感器138。 In the temple inside 102 or mounted 102 temple earphone 130, inertial sensors 132, GPS transceiver 144, and a temperature sensor 138. 在一个实施例中，惯性传感器132包括三轴磁力计132A、三轴陀螺仪132B、以及三轴加速度计132C (参见图3A)。 In one embodiment, the inertial sensors 132 include a three axis magnetometer 132A, three axis gyro 132B, and three axis accelerometer 132C (see FIG. 3A). 惯性传感器用于感测头戴式显示器设备2的位置、朝向、以及突然加速。 An inertial sensor for sensing a head-mounted display device 2 position, orientation, and sudden acceleration. 还可从这些移动中确定头部位置。 It may also determine the head position from the movement.
图像源或图像生成单元120可安装到眼镜腿102或在眼镜腿102内部。 The image source or image generation unit 120 may be mounted to the inside of the temple 102 or the temple 102. 在一个实施例中，图像源包括用于投射一个或多个虚拟对象的图像微显示器120和用于将来自微显示器120的图像导入透视平面波导112中的透镜系统122。 In one embodiment, the image source comprising means for projecting one or more virtual objects in the image microdisplay 120 and a from the microdisplay image introduced 120 through lens system 112 of planar waveguide 122. 透镜系统122可包括一个或多个透镜。 Lens system 122 may comprise one or more lenses. 在一个实施例中，透镜系统122包括一个或多个准直的透镜。 In one embodiment, the lens system 122 includes one or more collimating lens. 在示出的示例中，反射元件124接收由透镜系统122引导的图像并且将图像数据光学地耦合至平面波导112中。 In the illustrated example, the reflective element 124 is received by the lens system 122 and the image guide is coupled to the ground plane of the image data of the optical waveguide 112.
存在着可用于实现微显示器120的不同的图像生成技术。 There are different image generation techniques may be used to implement the micro-display 120. 例如，微显示器120可以使用透射投影技术来实现，其中光源由光学有源材料来调制，用白光从背后照亮。 For example, the micro-display 120 may use a transmissive projection technology where the light source is modulated by optically active material, illuminated from behind with white light. 这些技术通常是使用具有强大背光和高光能量密度的LCD类型的显示器来实现的。 These techniques are generally used LCD type display has a strong backlight and high light energy density is achieved. 微型显示器120还可使用反射技术来实现，其中外部光被光学活性材料反射并调制。 A micro-display 120 may be implemented using a reflection technique, wherein external light is reflected optical material and active modulation. 数字光处理(DLP)、硅基液晶（IXOS)以及高通公司的Mirasol㉞显示技术都是反射技术的示例。 Digital Light Processing (DLP), liquid crystal on silicon (IXOS) and Qualcomm Mirasol㉞ are exemplary reflective display technology techniques. 另外，微显示器120 可使用发射技术来实现，其中由显示器产生光，例如，Microvision有限公司的PicoP™显示引擎。 Further, microdisplay 120 may be used to achieve transmission technique, wherein the light generated by the display, e.g., Microvision Ltd. PicoP ™ display engine. 发射显示技术的另一示例是微型有机发光二极管(OLED)显示器。 Emission shows another exemplary technique is micro-organic light emitting diode (OLED) display. eMagin和Microoled 公司提供了微型OLED显示器的示例。 eMagin and offers an example of the micro Microoled OLED display.
图2B是透视、近眼、增强或混合现实设备的显示光学系统14的实施例的顶视图。 FIG. 2B is a perspective view, near-eye, enhance or mixed reality apparatus shows a top view of an embodiment of the optical system 14. 近眼显示设备2的镜架115的一部分将环绕显示光学系统14,以提供对如此处以及之后的附图中所示出的一个或多个光学元件的支持并进行电气连接。 The near-eye display portion of the frame 115 of the device 2 will surround the display optical system 14, to provide support for one or more optical elements illustrated in the drawings and thereafter thus the in and electrically connected. 为了示出头戴式显示设备2中的显示光学系统14 (在该情况下是右眼系统14r)的各个组件，围绕显示光学系统的框架115的一部分未被描绘。 In order to show a head-mounted display optical system of the device 214 (the right eye system 14r in this case) of the respective components surrounding the display part of the frame 115 of the optical system is not depicted.
在一个实施例中，显示光学系统14包括平面波导112、可选的不透明度过滤器114、 透视透镜116和透视透镜118。 In one embodiment, the display optical system 14 comprises a planar waveguide 112, optional opacity filter 114, through lens 116 and through lens 118. 在一个实施例中，不透明度过滤器114处于透视透镜116之后并与其对准，平面波导112处于不透明度过滤器114之后并与其对准，并且透视透镜118处于平面波导112之后并与其对准。 In one embodiment, the opacity filter 114 is then through lens 116 and aligned with, the planar waveguide 112 is then opacity filter 114 and aligned, through lens 118 is after 112 and aligned with a planar waveguide. 透视透镜116和118可以是眼镜中使用的标准透镜，并且可根据任何处方(包括无处方)来制作。 Through lenses 116 and 118 may be used in a standard lens glasses, and may be made to any prescription (including non-prescription). 在一些实施例中，头戴式显示设备2将仅仅包括一个透视透镜或者不包括透视透镜。 In some embodiments, the head mounted display device 2 includes only one or no see-through lens lens. 与平面波导112对齐的不透明度过滤器114要么均匀地、要么以每像素为基础来选择性地阻挡自然光，以免其穿过平面波导112。 And 112 aligned transparent planar waveguide through filter 114 either uniformly, either on a per-pixel basis, selectively blocks the natural light, so that its through-plane waveguide 112. 例如，不透明度过滤器增强了虚拟影像的对比度。 For example, the opacity filter to enhance the contrast of the virtual image. 于2010年9月21日提交的Bar-Zeev等人的题为“Opacity Filter For See-Through Mounted Display (用于透视安装显示器的不透明度过滤器)”的美国专利申请公开号2012/0068913中提供了不透明度过滤器的更多细节。 On September 21, 2010 filed Bar-Zeev, et al., Entitled US patent "Opacity Filter For See-Through Mounted Display (opaque for perspective display is mounted through the filter)" Application Publication No. 2012/0068913 provided more details of the opacity filter.
平面波导112将来自微显示器120的可见光传送到佩戴头戴式显示设备2的用户的眼睛140。 The visible light from the planar waveguide 112 microdisplay 120 is transmitted to the user wearing the head mounted display device 2 of the eye 140. 透视平面波导112还允许如代表显示光学系统14r的光轴的箭头142所示那样将可见光从头戴式显示设备2的前方透过透视平面波导112透射到眼睛140,从而除接收来自微显示器120的虚拟图像之外还允许用户具有头戴式显示设备2的前方的空间的实际直接视图。 Perspective view of a planar waveguide 112 is also allowed as shown represent arrow optical axis of the optical system 14r 142 as the visible light from the head mounted display front device 2 112 transmitting through perspective view of the planar waveguide to the eye 140 as shown, so that in addition to receiving from the microdisplay 120 virtual outside the image also allows the user to have an actual direct view of the space in front of the apparatus 2 of the head-mounted display. 因此，平面波导112的壁是透视的。 Thus, the planar walls of the waveguide 112 is a perspective view of. 平面波导112包括第一反射面124 (例如，镜面或其他表面）。 Planar waveguide 112 includes a first reflective surface 124 (e.g., mirror or other surface). 来自微显示器120的可见光穿过透镜122并入射在反射面124上。 Visible light from the microdisplay 120 through the lens 122 and is incident on the reflecting surface 124. 反射面124反射来自微显示器120的入射的可见光，使得可见光由于以下将进一步描述的内部反射而被限制在包括平面波导112的平面基板内。 A visible light reflection surface 124 reflects from an incident microdisplay 120, such that internal reflection of visible light due to the following further description and are confined within the plane of the substrate 112 comprises a planar waveguide.
红外照明和反射也穿越平面波导112达到用于跟踪用户眼睛的位置的眼睛跟踪系统134。 IR reflecting illumination and also through the planar waveguide to achieve the eye tracking system 112 for tracking the eye position of the user 134. 用户的眼睛将被引导到环境中的子集，该子集是用户的聚焦或凝视区域。 The user's eyes are directed to a subset of the environment, which is a subset of the user's gaze or focal region. 眼睛跟踪系统134包括眼睛跟踪照明源134A (在此示例中其被安装到镜腿102上或该镜腿内）以及眼睛跟踪IR传感器134B(在此示例中其被安装到镜架115的额(brow) 103上或该额内。眼睛跟踪IR传感器134B可替换地被置于透镜118和镜腿102之间。还有可能眼睛跟踪照明源134A和眼睛跟踪IR传感器134B两者都被安装在镜架115的额103上或该额内。 Eye tracking system 134 includes an eye tracking illumination source 134A (which in this example is mounted on the temple or the temple 102), and eye tracking IR sensor 134B (in this example, the amount of which is mounted to the frame 115 ( 103 or within the frontal BROW). IR eye tracking sensor 134B may alternatively be disposed between the lens 118 and the temple 102. 134B is also possible to track both the eye and the eye tracking illumination source 134A IR sensors are mounted in mirror the amount of the holder 115 103 or within this amount.
本技术允许为图像生成单元120、照明源134A以及眼睛跟踪IR传感器134B灵活地放置进出波导的光学路径的光学耦合器(其也可被称为输入耦合器和输出耦合器）。 This technique allows the image generation unit 120, an eye tracking illumination source 134A and the IR sensor 134B is placed out of the flexible optical waveguide path of the optical coupler (which may also be referred to as input coupler and output coupler). 呈现图像的可见照明以及红外照明可从相对波导112的任何方向进入，并且一个或多个波长可选过滤器(例如127)以显示光学系统14的光轴142为中心将照明导出波导。 Rendering an image visible lighting and infrared lighting can be accessed from any direction relative to the waveguide 112, and one or more wavelength selective filters (e.g., 127) to display the optical axis of the optical system 14 is 142 to center the illumination export waveguide.
在一个实施例中，眼睛跟踪照明源134A可包括以大约预定IR波长或一定范围的波长发射的一个或多个红外（IR)发射器（诸如红外发光二极管（LED)或激光器（例如， VCSEL))。 In one embodiment, the eye tracking illumination source 134A may include one or more infrared (IR) emitter or IR wavelengths at around a predetermined range of wavelengths emitted (such as an infrared light emitting diode (LED) or a laser (e.g. , VCSEL)). 在一些实施例中，眼睛跟踪IR传感器134B可以是用于跟踪闪光位置的IR相机或IR 位置灵敏检测器(PSD)。 In some embodiments, the eye tracking IR sensor 134B may be used to track the position of an IR camera or IR flashing position sensitive detector (PSD).
在一实施例中，波长可选过滤器123让来自微显示器123的经过反射面124的可见光谱的光通过，并且将来自眼睛跟踪照明源134A的红外波长照明导入平面波导112,在平面波导112中，IR照明在平面波导内部反射直至到达与光轴142对齐的另一波长可选过滤器127。 In one embodiment, the wavelength selective filter 123 so that the light from the microdisplay through the reflecting surface 124 of the visible spectrum of 123 by and from the eye tracking illumination source 134A infrared wavelength of the illumination introduced into the planar waveguide 112, in planar waveguide 112, IR illumination reflected inside the planar waveguide until reaching another wavelength optical axis 142 aligned with the optional filter 127.
从IR反射中，当眼睛跟踪IR传感器134B是IR相机时，瞳孔在眼框内的位置可通过已知的成像技术来标识，而当眼睛跟踪IR传感器134B是一种位置灵敏检测器(PSD)时，瞳孔在眼框内的位置可通过闪光位置数据来标识。 From the IR reflection, when the eye tracking IR sensor 134B is an IR camera, a pupil position of the eye box can be identified by known imaging techniques, when an eye tracking IR sensor 134B is a position sensitive detector (PSD), the eye pupil position of the frame can be identified by flashing position data. 使用其它类型的眼睛跟踪IR传感器和用于眼睛跟踪的其它技术也是可能的并且在一实施例的范围内。 Other types of eye tracking IR sensors and other techniques for eye tracking are also possible and within the scope of an embodiment.
在耦合到波导112中之后，呈现来自微显示器120的图像数据的可见照明和IR照明在波导112中内部反射。 After coupled into the waveguide 112, the rendering visible lighting and IR illumination from the image data microdisplay 120 reflects internally at 112 in the waveguide. 在图2B的示例中，在数个从基板的表面射出的反射之后，被留下的可见光波到达在本示例中实现为可选择反射表面1261至12™的波长可选过滤器阵列。 In the example of Figure 2B, after the number of light emitted from the surface of the substrate reflective, he left a visible light wave reaches implemented as a wavelength-selective reflective surface 1261 to 12 ™ optional filter array in this example. 另外， 与显示光学系统的光轴对齐的波长可选过滤器127也被定位于波导112中。 Further, the display optical axis of the optical system of the alignment wavelength selective filter 127 is also positioned 112 in the waveguide. 反射面126对从基板射出并入射在那些反射面上的、沿用户的眼睛140的方向引导的可见光波长进行耦合。 The reflecting surface 126 pairs emitted from the substrate and is incident coupled in the guide in the direction of the user's eye 140, visible wavelength those reflecting surface.
反射面126还让波导内的红外照明通过。 The reflective surface 126 also allows infrared illumination within the waveguide through. 然而，一个或多个波长可选过滤器127与显示光学系统Hr的光轴142对齐，波长可选过滤器127不仅引导可见照明，还接收来自照明源134A的红外照明。 However, one or more wavelength selective filters 127 and the display optical system Hr optical axis 142 is aligned, the wavelength selective filter 127 not only guide the visible illumination, also receives infrared illumination from the illumination source 134A is. 例如，如果反射元件126!至I26n各自反射可见光谱的不同部分，则一个或多个波长可选过滤器127可反射红色可见光谱和红外光谱中的波长。 For example, if the reflective element 126! To I26n each reflecting a different portion of the visible spectrum, then one or more wavelength selective filters 127 may reflect red visible and infrared spectrum of wavelengths. 在其它实施例中，过滤器127可反射覆盖整个可见光谱或其较大部分以及IR反射的波长的红外光谱的波长以及那些由IR照明源生成的波长。 In other embodiments, the filter 127 may be a reflective cover wavelengths and those wavelengths generated by the IR illumination source throughout the visible spectrum, or a large portion, and the infrared spectrum of the IR reflection wavelength.
此外，如将在下面参考图4A-5C更详细地讨论的，输入耦合器(在图2A和2B中未被具体示出，但是在图4A-5C中被示出）将来自眼睛的穿过以光轴142为中心的平面波导的红外反射在朝着输出耦合器(在图2A和2B中未被具体示出，但在图4A-5C中被示出）的方向定向到平面波导的光学路径中，该输出耦合器将红外光朝眼睛跟踪IR传感器134B定向。 Furthermore, as will be discussed in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 4A-5C, an input coupler (not specifically shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, but shown in FIGS. 4A-5C) is from the eye passing through the optical axis 142 as the center of the planar waveguide IR reflecting towards the output coupler (not specifically shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, but in FIGS. 4A-5C are shown) oriented in a direction to the plane the optical waveguide path, the output coupler infrared light IR tracking sensor 134B is oriented towards the eyes. 另外， 可见和红外过滤器可在从透镜116至118的方向上层叠，使得它们与光轴共轴。 Further, visible, and infrared filters may be stacked in a direction from the lens 116 to 118 so that they are with the optical axis are coaxial. 例如，相对于眼睛放置在可见反射元件之前的双向热镜(hot mirror)让可见光通过但反射IR波长。 For example, with respect to the eye is placed before the visible reflection element bidirectional hot mirror (hot mirror) so that visible light but reflects IR wavelengths. 另夕卜，一个或多个过滤器127可被实现为有源光栅，其被调制在可见和红外光谱之间的过滤波长之间。 Another Bu Xi, one or more filters 127 may be implemented as an active grating, which is modulated between the filter between the visible and infrared wavelength spectrum. 这将会以人眼无法检测到的足够快的速率来完成。 It will be fast enough rate to the human eye can not detect to complete.
在一个实施例中，每只眼睛将具有其自己的平面波导112。 In one embodiment, each eye will have its own planar waveguide 112. 当头戴式显示设备具有两个平面波导时，每只眼睛都可以具有其自己的微显示器120,该微显示器120可以在两只眼睛中显示相同图像或者在两只眼睛中显示不同图像。 When the head mounted display device has a two planar waveguides, each eye can have its own micro display 120, the micro display 120 may display the same image or different images displayed in two eyes in the two eyes. 而且，当头戴式显示设备具有两个平面波导时，每只眼睛可具有其自己的眼睛跟踪照明源134A和其自己的眼睛跟踪IR传感器134B。 Further, when the head mounted display device has a two planar waveguides, each eye can have its own eye tracking illumination source 134A and its own eye tracking IR sensor 134B. 在另一示例中，可以有具有两根光轴的平面波导，每只眼睛一根，其横跨鼻梁并将可见光和红外光反射入两只眼睛。 In another example, there may be a planar waveguide having two optical axes of each eye one, spanning nose and visible light and infrared light reflected into both eyes.
在上述实施例中，所示出的具体数量的透镜只是示例。 In the above embodiment, the specific number shown is merely exemplary of the lens. 可以使用其他数目和配置的根据相同原理操作的透镜。 Other numbers and configurations of lenses operating on the same principle. 另外，图2A和2B仅示出头戴式显示设备2的一半。 Further, FIGS. 2A and 2B show only the head mounted half of the display apparatus 2. 完整的头戴式显示设备可包括例如另一组透视透镜116和118、另一不透明度过滤器114、具有一个或多个波长可选过滤器127的另一平面波导112、另一微显示器120、另一透镜系统122、朝向物理环境的相机113(也称朝向外部或朝向正面的相机113)、眼睛跟踪组件134、耳机130、过滤器123以及温度传感器138。 A full head mounted display apparatus may include, for example, another set of through lenses 116 and 118, another opacity filter 114, having one or more wavelength selective filters 127 of the other planar waveguide 112, other microdisplay 120 , another lens system 122, the camera 113 toward the physical environment (also referred towards the outside or towards the front of the camera 113), the eye tracking assembly 134, earphone 130, a filter 123 and a temperature sensor 138. 示例性头戴式显示器2的更多细节在2010年10月15日提交的Flaks 等人的题为“Fusing Virtual Content Into Real Content (将虚拟内容融合到现实内容中)”的美国专利申请公开号2012/0092328中提供。 An exemplary head mounted display more details 2 in Flaks, etc. October 15, 2010 submitted by the person entitled "Fusing Virtual Content Into Real Content (fusing virtual content into real content)," US Patent Application Publication No. in 2012/0092328 provided.
注意，图3A的某些组件(例如，朝向外部或物理环境的相机113、眼睛相机134、微显示器120、不透明度过滤器114、眼睛跟踪照明单元134A、耳机130、一个或多个波长可选过滤器127、以及温度传感器138)以阴影显示，以指示可以有至少两个那些设备中的每一者，其中至少一个在头戴式显示设备2的左侧而至少一个在右侧。 Note that, in FIG certain components. 3A (e.g., camera 113 toward the outside or physical environment, eye cameras 134, the micro display 120, opacity filter 114, eye tracking illumination unit 134A, the headset 130, one or more wavelength selective filter 127, and a temperature sensor 138) are shaded to indicate that there may be at least two for each apparatus, wherein the at least one display device 2 at the left side of the head mounted on the right side while at least one . 图3A示出与电源管理电路202通信的控制电路200。 3A illustrates the control circuit 200,202 communication power management circuitry. 控制电路200包括处理器210、与存储器244 (例如D-RAM)进行通信的存储器控制器212、相机接口216、相机缓冲器218、显示驱动器220、显示格式化器222、定时生成器226、显示输出接口228、以及显示输入接口230。 The control circuit 200 includes a processor 210, a memory 244 (e.g., D-RAM) memory controller 212 in communication, a camera interface 216, a camera buffer 218, display driver 220, a display formatter 222, a timing generator 226, a display output interface 228, and displays an input interface 230. 在一个实施例中，控制电路200的所有组件都通过一个或多个总线的专用线路彼此进行通信。 In one embodiment, the control of all components of the circuit 200 through one or more dedicated line bus to communicate with each other. 在另一实施例中，控制电路200的每个组件都与处理器210通信。 In another embodiment, controls each component circuit 200 are communication with the processor 210.
相机接口216提供对两个朝向物理环境的相机113以及本实施例中的如传感器134B之类的IR相机的接口，并将从相机113、134B接收的各个图像存储在相机缓冲区218中。 The camera interface 216 provides an interface to the two physical environment facing camera 113 and the sensor 134B according to the present embodiment of an IR camera or the like, and stores each image received from the camera in the camera buffer 218 113,134B in. 显示驱动器220将驱动微显示器120。 The display driver 220 drives microdisplay 120. 显示格式化器222可以向执行该混合现实系统的处理的一个或多个计算机系统（例如4和12)的一个或多个处理器提供与被显示在微显示器120 上的虚拟图像有关的信息。 Display formatter 222 may be provided with information relating to the virtual image displayed on a micro display 120 to one or more processors executing one or more computer processing systems of the mixed reality system (e.g., 4 and 12). 显示格式化器222可向不透明度控制单元224标识关于显示光学系统14的透射率设置。 Display formatter 222 may be the opacity of the control unit 224 identifies the transmittance of 14 is provided on display optical system. 定时生成器226被用于为该系统提供定时数据。 The timing generator 226 is used to provide timing data for the system. 显示输出接口228包括用于将来自面向物理环境的相机113和眼睛相机134B的图像提供给处理单元4的缓冲区。 Display output interface 228 comprises means for the image from the camera 113 and eye cameras physical environment facing 134B is supplied to the buffer processing unit 4. 显示输入接口230显示包括用于接收诸如要在微显示器120上显示的虚拟图像之类的图像的缓冲区。 Displaying a display input interface 230 for receiving an image, such as a buffer to be displayed on the virtual image of the microdisplay 120 and the like. 显示输出228和显示输入230与作为到处理单元4的接口的带接口232进行通信。 Display output 228 and the display input 230 to communicate with as the processing unit interface with interface 232 4.
电源管理电路202包括电压调节器234、眼睛跟踪照明驱动器236、音频DAC和放大器238、话筒前置放大器和音频ADC 240、温度传感器接口242、有源过滤器控制器237、以及时钟生成器245。 202 includes a power management circuit 234, eye tracking illumination driver 236, an audio DAC 238 and the amplifier, the microphone preamplifier and audio ADC 240, a temperature sensor interface 242, an active filter controller 237, a clock generator and a voltage regulator 245. 电压调节器234通过带接口232从处理单元4接收电能，并将该电能提供给头戴式显示设备2的其他组件。 The voltage regulator 234 through the interface 232 receives electrical power strip from the processing unit 4, and supplies the power to the head mounted display other components of the device 2. 照明驱动器236例如经由驱动电流或电压来控制眼睛跟踪照明单元134A以大约预定波长或在某一波长范围内操作。 Lighting e.g., via driver 236 to control the drive current or voltage track lighting unit 134A eye about a predetermined wavelength or within a wavelength range of operation. 音频DAC和放大器238向耳机130提供音频数据。 Audio DAC and amplifier 238 provides audio data to the headphones 130. 话筒前置放大器和音频ADC 240提供用于话筒110的接口。 Microphone preamplifier and audio ADC 240 provides an interface for the microphone 110. 温度传感器接口242 是用于温度传感器138的接口。 The temperature sensor interface 242 is an interface for the temperature sensor 138. 有源过滤器控制器237接收指示一个或多个波长的数据，其中针对所述波长，每个波长可选过滤器127将作为对该波长的可选波长过滤器。 The active filter controller 237 receives an indication data for one or more wavelengths, wherein for said wavelength, each wavelength selective filter 127 as a wavelength-selective filter to the wavelength. 电源管理单元202还向三轴磁力计132A、三轴陀螺仪132B以及三轴加速度计132C提供电力并从其接收回数据。 Power management unit 202 further three axis magnetometer 132A, three axis gyro 132B and three axis accelerometer 132C provides power and receives data from the back. 电源管理单元202还向GPS收发机144提供电能并从中接收数据和向其发送数据。 Power management unit 202 also provides power to the GPS transceiver 144 and receive data from and send data thereto.
图3B是与透视近眼混合现实显示单元相关联的处理单元4的硬件和软件组件的一个实施例的框图。 FIG. 3B is mixed with the near-eye perspective view block diagram of one embodiment of a processing unit associated with the cell hardware and software components 4 reality display. 图3B示出与电源管理电路307进行通信的控制电路306。 FIG 3B shows a power management circuit 307 a control circuit for communication 306. 控制电路304包括中央处理单元(CPU) 320，图形处理单元(GPU) 322，高速缓存324，RAM 326，与存储器330 (例如，D-RAM)进行通信的存储器控制器328,与闪存334域其他类型的非易失性存储)进行通信的闪存控制器332,经由带接口302和带接口232与透视、近眼显示设备2进行通信的显示输出缓冲区336,经由带接口302和带接口232与近眼显示设备2进行通信的显示输入缓冲区338,与用于连接到话筒的外部话筒连接器342进行通信的话筒接口340,用于连接到无线通信设备346的PCI express接口，以及USB端口348。 The control circuit 304 includes a central processing unit (CPU) 320, a graphics processing unit (GPU) 322, a cache 324, RAM 326, a memory controller 328 in communication with a memory 330 (e.g., D-RAM), a flash memory 334 and other domain type of nonvolatile memory), flash memory controller 332 in communication, via a belt interface 302 and with interface 232 and a perspective view, near-eye display apparatus 2 to display the output buffer in communication 336 via band interface 302 and with interface 232 with the near-eye display 2 displays an incoming communication device buffer 338, is connected to the microphone of the external microphone connector 342 is connected to the wireless communication device PCI express interfaces 346, and a USB port 348 for microphone interface 340 communications for.
在一个实施例中，无线通信组件346包括启用Wi-Fi的通信设备、蓝牙通信设备、红外通信设备、蜂窝、3G、4G通信设备、无线USB (WUSB)通信设备、RFID通信设备等等。 In one embodiment, the wireless communication component 346 comprises a Wi-Fi enabled communication device, a Bluetooth communication device, an infrared communication device, a cellular, 3G, 4G communication device, a wireless USB (WUSB) communication apparatus, the RFID communication device and the like Wait. 无线通信设备346由此允许与例如另一显示设备系统8的端对端数据传输，以及经由无线路由器或基塔连接到较大网络。 The wireless communication device 346 thereby allowing for example, another display device system end data transmission 8, and a larger network via a wireless router or Kita to. USB端口可被用于将处理单元4接驳到另一显示设备系统8。 USB port may be used for the processing unit 4 connected to another display device system 8. 另外，处理单元4可接驳到另一计算系统12以便将数据或软件加载到处理单元4以及对处理单元4充电。 Further, the processing unit 4 can be connected to another computing system 12 so that the data or software loaded into the processing unit 4, and 4 is charged to the processing unit. 在一个实施例中，CPU 320和GPU 322是用于确定在何处、何时以及如何向用户的视野内插入虚拟图像的主负荷设备。 In one embodiment, CPU 320 and GPU 322 are used to determine where, when and how to insert the virtual image of the view of the user loads the master device.
电源管理电路306包括时钟生成器360,模数转换器362,电池充电器364,电压调节器366,透视、近眼显示器电源376,以及与温度传感器374进行通信的温度传感器接口372 (位于处理单元4的腕带上）。 The power management circuit 306 includes a clock generator 360, analog to digital converter 362, battery charger 364, a voltage regulator 366, a perspective, near-eye display power supply 376 and temperature sensor interface 372 in communication with the temperature sensor 374 (located processing wristband unit 4). 到直流转换器362的交流电连接到充电插孔370以用于接收AC 供电并为该系统产生DC供电。 The AC-DC converter 362 connected to a charging socket 370 for receiving AC power and generating a DC power supply for the system. 电压调节器366与用于向该系统提供电能的电池368进行通信。 The voltage regulator 366 for supplying power to the battery 368 to the communication system. 电池充电器364被用来在从充电插孔370接收到电能之际（通过电压调节器366)对电池368进行充电。 Battery charger 364 is used in receiving from the charging jack 370 to the power on the occasion of the battery 368 is charged (by a voltage regulator 366). 设备电源接口376向显示设备2提供电能。 Device power interface 376 to the display device 2 provides power.
现在将使用图4A-4E来描述根据本技术的一实施例的平面波导412的具体特征，其中平面波导412可被用来实现上面参考图1、2A和2B讨论的波导112。 will now be made using FIGS. 4A-4E will be described waveguide particular feature 412 according to a plane with an embodiment of the present technique, wherein the planar waveguide 412 may be used to implement the waveguide above with reference to FIGS. 1,2A and 2B discussion 112. 更具体而言，图4A-4E将被用来描述平面波导412的被用来收集从眼睛440反射的红外光并将该红外光提供给上面参考图2B和3A讨论的眼睛跟踪IR传感器134B。 More specifically, FIGS. 4A-4E will be used to describe the planar waveguide 412 is used to collect from the infrared light reflected by the eye 440 and the infrared light is supplied to the above discussed with reference to FIGS. 2B and 3A eye tracking IR sensor 134B. 红外光将被从眼睛440反射，例如当眼睛被由眼睛跟踪照明单元134A产生的红外光照明时，如同上面所解释的。 Infrared light will be from the eye 440 is reflected, for example, when infrared light illuminating the eye to be generated by the eye tracking illumination unit 134A, as explained above.
图4A解说了平面波导412的立体视图。 FIG. 4A illustrates a perspective view of a planar waveguide 412. 参考图4A，平面波导412被示出为包括输入耦合器414和输出耦合器416。 4A, the planar waveguide 412 is shown as including an input coupler 414 and output coupler 416. 当输入耦合器414被置于用红外光照明的眼睛440前方时，从眼睛440反射并入射到输入耦合器414上的红外光束（如由虚线418所示)在输入耦合器414 处进入波导412,穿过波导412从输入耦合器414经由全内反射传播到输出耦合器416,并在输出耦合器416附近离开平面波导412。 When the input coupler 414 is placed in front of the eye illuminated by the infrared light 440 reflected from the eye 440 and incident on the infrared beam input coupler 414 (as shown by the broken line 418) at the input into the waveguide coupler 414 412 , through the waveguide 412 from the input coupler 414 propagate via total internal reflection to the output coupler 416, and out of the plane of the waveguide 412 in the vicinity of the output coupler 416. 输出耦合器416可以例如是线性栅格型输出耦合器、 全息栅格型输出耦合器、能够引起红外光(和/或其它波长的光)离开波导412的棱镜或另一种光学耦合器。 The output coupler 416 may, for example, a linear grid type output coupler, holographic grid type output coupler, can cause the infrared light (and / or light of other wavelengths) leaves the prism or another optical coupler waveguide 412. 输入耦合器414可以是透射型输入耦合器或反射型输入耦合器。 Input coupler 414 may be a transmission type or a reflection type input coupler input coupler. 类似地，输出耦合器416可以是透射型输出耦合器或反射型输出耦合器。 Similarly, the output coupler 416 may be a transmissive output coupler or reflective output coupler. 取决于实现，输出耦合器的特征可以被包括在平面波导412的任一平坦表面中，或者该平面波导的两个平坦表面中。 Depending on the implementation, wherein the output coupler may be included in the planar waveguide REN Yiping Tan surface 412, or both planar surfaces of the planar waveguide. 下面参考图4B讨论了根据一具体实施例的输入耦合器414的细节。 Referring to FIG 4B discussed in detail in accordance with an input coupler to a specific embodiment 414.
图4B为图4A的平面波导412的正视图，其解说了输入耦合器414包括多个弯曲栅格线424。 FIG. 4B a front view of a waveguide 412 of FIG. 4A is a plane, which illustrates the input coupler 414 includes a plurality of curved grid lines 424. 用另一种方式解释，输入耦合器414包括由多个弯曲栅格线形成的栅格区域。 Interpreted in another way, the input coupler 414 includes a grid area formed by a plurality of curved grid lines. 根据一实施例，多个弯曲栅格线424是同心的，每个弯曲栅格线具有相同的曲率中心426，且每个弯曲栅格线具有相同的汇聚点428。 According to an embodiment, a plurality of curved grid lines 424 are concentric, each curved grid lines having the same center of curvature 426, and each curved grid lines have the same point of convergence 428. 更具体而言，在此特定实施例中，每个弯曲栅格线424的曲率中心426和汇聚点428是相同的点，其位于输出耦合器416的中心处或该中心附近。 More specifically, in this particular embodiment, each curved grid lines the centers of curvature 424 426 and rendezvous point 428 are the same point, which is located near the center of the output coupler 416 or the center. 在此构造中，输入耦合器414的弯曲栅格线424将入射到输入耦合器414上的光束衍射到波导412中并衍射向波导414的输出耦合器416所处的区域。 In this configuration, the input coupler curved grid lines 414 424 incident light beam 414 input coupler diffracted into the waveguide 412 and the region to the output coupling waveguide 414 416 in which the diffraction. 尽管图4B中仅解说了几个弯曲栅格线424， 然而输入耦合器416将可能包括成千上万个弯曲栅格线424。 Although in FIG. 4B illustrates only a few grid lines 424 is bent, however, the input coupler 416 may include a curved grid lines 424 thousands.
输入耦合器414的多个弯曲栅格线424具有径向变化的节距，这意味着弯曲栅格线424的相邻对之间的距离在不同的相邻弯曲栅格线424对之间不同。 a plurality of input couplers curved grid lines 414 424 pitch having a radially varying the distance between adjacent pairs of which means bending the grid lines 424 in different adjacent curved grid lines 424 of The difference between. 更具体而言，输入耦合器414的弯曲栅格线424的径向变化的节距随着弯曲栅格线424和输出耦合器416之间的距离的增加而减小。 More specifically, the input coupler curved grid lines 414 of the radial variation of the 424 pitch with increasing distance between the 416 bending the grid wires 424 and the output coupler increases. 换言之，在第一对相邻弯曲栅格线424比第二对相邻弯曲栅格线424更靠近输出耦合器416的情况下，第一对相邻弯曲栅格线424之间的距离将大于第二对弯曲栅格线424之间的距离。 In other words, in a case where a first pair of adjacent curved grid lines 424 than the second pair of adjacent curved grid lines 424 closer to the output coupler 416, the distance 424 between the first pair of adjacent raster lines will be larger than the bending the distance between the 424 second bending grid lines. 根据一实施例，弯曲栅格线424的径向变化的节距从约500nm变化到约1μ m，但不限于此。 According to one embodiment, radially curved grid lines 424 changes in pitch from about 500nm is changed to about 1μ m, but is not limited thereto. 例如，（输入耦合器414的）最靠近输出耦合器416的两个弯曲栅格线424之间的距离可以为约lMi，而(输入耦合器414的）最远离输出耦合器416的两个弯曲栅格线424之间的距离可以为约500nm(S卩，约0.5μπι)。 For example, (input coupler 414) closest to the output of a distance between 424 coupling two curved grid lines 416 may be about LMI, the (input coupler 414) most remote from the output coupler two curved 416 the distance between the 424 raster lines may be about 500nm (S Jie, about 0.5μπι). 从此描述可以领会，平面波导412、输入耦合器414、 (输入耦合器414的）弯曲栅格线424以及输出耦合器不是按照比例绘制的，而是简单地示出了这些元素中的每一者相对于其它元素的示例性的相对位置。 From this description it can be appreciated, a planar waveguide 412, an input coupler 414 (input coupler 414) bending the grid wires 424 and the output coupler are not drawn to scale, but simply shows each of these elements relative position exemplary other elements.
(输入耦合器414的）弯曲栅格线424的径向变化的节距导致入射在输入耦合器414 的不同的水平和竖直位置上的不同红外光束以相应的不同反射角穿过平面波导412传播， 并相对于平面波导412的红外光束穿过其离开的表面以相应的不同的入射角离开输出耦合器416。 (input coupler 414) bent radially grid lines 424 changes in pitch results in a different incident infrared beam input coupler different horizontal and vertical positions 414 on passing through a corresponding different reflection planar waveguide 412 propagating, with respect to the planar waveguide IR beam 412 across the surface thereof exiting at respective different angles of incidence away from the output coupler 416. 用另一种方式解释，（输入耦合器414的）弯曲栅格线424的径向变化的节距引起入射到输入耦合器414上的红外光束的角度编码，由此使得穿过输出耦合器416离开平面波导412的红外光束按照以下方式被成像(例如，被眼睛跟踪IR传感器134Β成像）：其区分入射到输入耦合器414的不同的水平和竖直位置上的红外光束。 Interpreted in another way, the radial (input coupler 414) curved grid line 424 causes a pitch change in incident angle encoder 414 to the input coupler of the infrared beam, thereby causing the output coupler 416 through leaving the infrared beam planar waveguide 412 in the following manner to be imaged (e.g., the eye tracking IR sensor 134Β imaging): which distinguish between an incident to input coupler different horizontal and vertical positions 414 on the infrared beam.
输入耦合器414的弯曲栅格线424可按各种不同方式形成。 Forming an input coupler 424 of the curved grid lines 414 may be various ways. 一种方式是使用全息方法来记录弯曲栅格线424。 One way is to use a holographic method for recording curved grid lines 424. 替换地，弯曲栅格线424可使用电子束曝光（electron-beam lithography)或光刻(photo-lithography)来形成。 Alternatively, the curved grid lines 424 may be formed using electron beam lithography (electron-beam lithography), or lithography (photo-lithography). 这些仅是形成输入親合器414的弯曲栅格线424的各种方式的几个示例，它们不意在进行限制。 These are but a few examples of various embodiments of curved grid lines form the input affinity 414 424, they are not intended to be limiting. 取决于实现，输入耦合器414的栅格线可以被包括在平面波导412的任一平坦表面中，或者该平面波导的两个平坦表面中。 Depending on the implementation, raster line input coupler 414 may be included in the planar waveguide REN Yiping Tan surface 412, or both planar surfaces of the planar waveguide.
在一实施例中，输入親合器414和输出親合器416相对于彼此定位以实现远心性。 In one embodiment, the input affinity 414 and an output affinity 416 are positioned relative to each other to achieve telecentricity. 在此情形下，进入瞳孔位于无穷远处，这使得输入耦合器物体空间远心。 In this case, enter the pupil at infinity, which increases the input coupler object space telecentric. 这有利地提供了眼睛440的正交投影。 This advantageously provides an orthogonal projection of the eye 440.
优选地，穿过平面波导412行进的红外光束是准直的，但是一定程度的非准直能被容忍。 Preferably, through 412 travels infrared beam planar waveguide is collimated, but a certain degree of misalignment be tolerated. 输入耦合器414作为聚焦元件工作，以使得当眼睛440处于名义良视距离(其是输入耦合器414的聚焦距离)时，被引导的光线自然地变为准直的。 Input coupler 414 as a work focusing element, such that when the eye 440 is the name of the good visibility distance (which is input from the focus 414 of coupler), the light is guided naturally becomes collimated. 更具体而言，从眼睛平面上的相同场点生成的红外光线束在波导412内部变为准直的。 More specifically, generated from the same field point on the eye plane infrared light beam inside the waveguide 412 becomes collimated. 然而，由于弯曲栅格线424的径向可变的节距，来自眼睛平面上的不同场点的光纤束将具有不同的入射角，这提供了上面提及的角度编码。 However, due to the radial bending grid lines 424 of a variable pitch, the optical fiber bundle from different field points on the eye planes having different angles of incidence, which provides an angular encoder mentioned above.
图4C解说了平面波导412的侧视图，其还示出了位于输出耦合器416附近的透镜模块430。 FIG. 4C illustrates a side view of a planar waveguide 412, which also shows a lens module located in the output coupler near 416 to 430. 透镜模块430可包括一个或多个透镜，该透镜模块被配置成在光线在输出耦合器416 附近离开平面波导412之后将平面波导412内的光线的角度空间转换为二维(2D)空间。 The lens module 430 may comprise one or more lenses, the lens module is configured to light after exiting 412 the planar waveguide planar waveguide angular space of light in the 412 is converted to a two-dimensional (2D) space in the vicinity of the output coupler 416. 用另一种方式解释，透镜模块430被用来将角度编码的红外光束转换为二维（2D)空间编码红外光束。 Interpreted in another way, the lens modules 430 are used to angle coded infrared beam into a two-dimensional (2D) spatial coded infrared beam. 在被转换到二维空间之后，红外光束入射到眼睛跟踪IR传感器134B的二维平面上，如图4C中所示。 After being converted to the two-dimensional space, the infrared beam is incident to the eye tracking two-dimensional plane IR sensor 134B, as shown in FIG. 4C. 眼睛跟踪IR传感器134B取决于入射到传感器上的二维空间编码的红外光束来产生眼睛跟踪数据。 Eye tracking IR sensor 134B depending incident infrared beam two-dimensional spatial encoding on the sensor to produce eye tracking data.
图4D是平面波导412的另一正视图，其类似于图4B，但是还示出了透镜模块430和眼睛跟踪IR传感器134B相对于输出耦合器416的位置。 FIG 4D is another planar waveguide 412 is a front view, which is similar to Figure 4B, but also shows a lens module 430 and eye tracking position IR sensor 134B relative to the output coupler 416. 然而，图4D没有示出在图4B中示出的弯曲栅格线424。 However, FIG. 4D not shown curved grid lines 424 in FIG. 4B shown. 尽管如此，输入耦合器414的确包括如上所述的弯曲栅格线。 Nevertheless, the input coupler 414 does include a curved grid lines as described above. 图4E是平面波导412的俯视图，其还示出了透镜模块430和眼睛跟踪IR传感器134B相对于输入耦合器414 和输出親合器416的相对位置。 4E is a planar waveguide plan view 412, which also shows a lens module 430 and eye tracking the relative positions of the IR sensor 134B relative to the input coupler 414 and output affinity 416.
平面波导412可被合并到透视混合现实显示设备系统中，诸如上面参考图1-3B描述的系统，但不限于与其一起使用。 The planar waveguide 412 may be incorporated into a perspective mixed reality display device system, 1-3B system such as described above with reference to FIG, but not limited to use in conjunction therewith. 如同前面提及的，平面波导412可被用作上面参考图2B 讨论的波导112。 As previously mentioned, the planar waveguide 412 may be used as above with reference to FIG. 2B discussed waveguide 112. 相应地，平面波导412可被定位在透视透镜（例如116和/或118)旁边或之间，所述透视透镜可以是在眼镜中使用的标准透镜并且可按照任何处方制作（包括无处方）。 Accordingly, the planar waveguide 412 may be positioned in the perspective view of the lens (e.g., 116 and / or 118) between or next to the perspective view of a standard lens may be used lenses in the glasses and may be prepared according to any prescription (including non-prescription). 平面波导412可替换地与旨在基于从眼睛反射的红外光执行眼睛跟踪的任何系统一起使用。 Planar waveguide 412 may alternatively be the intended optical perform any system eye tracking based on infrared reflected from the eye used together. 一般而言，平面波导的输入耦合器414优选地与眼睛轴向对齐，使得当眼睛被用红外光照明时，从眼睛反射的红外光束将入射到平面波导412的输入耦合器414上。 Generally, a planar waveguide input coupling 414 is preferably aligned with the eye axial direction, such that when the eye is when using infrared illumination, from the eye reflected infrared beam incident on the input coupler planar waveguide 412 414. 输出耦合器416优选地位于被用来对眼睛成像的传感器或相机(例如眼睛跟踪IR传感器134B)的紧密附近。 The output coupler 416 is preferably located to be used for imaging the eye of a sensor or camera (e.g. eye tracking IR sensor 134B) in close vicinity. 如同前面提及的，这种传感器或相机可被安装到镜架(例如115)的眉（例如103)上或其内部。 Eyebrow (e.g., 103) As previously mentioned, such a sensor or camera may be mounted to the frame (e.g. 115) or internal. 替换地，传感器或相机可被安装到镜架的镜腿或侧臂(例如102)上或其内部，在这种情况下，输入耦合器414和输出耦合器416的相对位置可被旋转九十度。 (E.g., 102) on or within Alternatively, the sensor or camera may be mounted to the frame temple or side arm, in this case, the relative position of the input coupler 414 and output coupler 416 may be rotated ninety degree. 如同上面解释的，透镜模块(例如430)可位于输出耦合器416和传感器(例如眼睛跟踪IR传感器134B)之间。 As explained above, the lens module (e.g. 430) may be located at the output coupler 416 and the sensor between (e.g. eye tracking IR sensor 134B).
根据一实施例，用于设计平面波导(412)的输入耦合器(例如414)的一种方式是设计两个分开的光学器件，这两个光学器件共同提供针对输入耦合器所期望的功能。 According to one embodiment, a design of a planar waveguide (412) of the input coupler (e.g. 414) One way is to design two separate optical devices, two optical devices provide desired for the input coupler function. 更具体而言，输入耦合器414的功能可由轴上全息透镜和线性衍射栅格共同提供，如现在将参考图5A-5C讨论的。 More specifically, the input coupler 414 functions may axis hologram lens and a linear diffraction grating collectively provide, as will now be 5A-5C discussed with reference to FIG.
参考图5A-5C，线540表示眼睛平面，而元素514表示轴上全息透镜。 with reference to FIGS. 5A-5C, the line 540 represents the eye plane, and the element 514 is an axial holographic lens. 在图5A中，元素512表示平面波导，该平面波导包括在波导512的靠近轴上全息透镜514的部分中的线性衍射栅格。 In FIG. 5A, element 512 represents the planar waveguides, the planar waveguide comprises a linear diffraction grating portion of the waveguide 512 close to the axis hologram lens 514 in.
图5B被用来解释轴上全息透镜514的功能，如果其独自完成的话。 FIG 5B is used to explain the function of the axis hologram lens 514, if it is done alone words. 更具体而言，图5B解说了从眼睛平面540反射并入射到轴上全息透镜514上的红外光束被聚焦到公共点。 More specifically, FIG. 5B illustrates the infrared beam from the eye plane 540 reflecting incident axis of the hologram lens 514 is focused to a common point. 图5C包括平面波导512的包括线性衍射栅格的膨胀或放大部分，其解说了线性衍射栅格改变光束(其已穿过轴上全息透镜514行进)的方向，以使得光束被衍射到波导512中且被衍射向波导512的输出耦合器516所处的区域。 FIG. 5C includes a planar waveguide 512 includes a diffraction grating or a linear expansion enlarged portion, which illustrates a linear diffraction grating to change the light beam (which has passed through the hologram lens 514 traveling axis) direction, so that the light beam is diffracted into the waveguide 512 in and is the region diffracted to the output coupling waveguide 512 516 is located.
通过将输入耦合器设计成在线性衍射栅格旁边的轴上全息透镜514,输入耦合器可被设计成增加并优选地最大化可使用输入耦合器成像的竖直物体高度。 By coupling the input shaft of the holographic lens is designed to next linear diffraction grating 514, an input coupler can be designed to increase the vertical height of the object and preferably maximize the input coupler may be used for imaging. 一旦轴上全息透镜和线性衍射栅格的设计完成，这两个组件被数学地缩减为单一衍射光学元件。 Once axis hologram lens and a linear diffraction grating design is complete, the two components are reduced mathematically as a single diffractive optical element. 这可使得输入耦合器的光学传输功能基本等同于与线性衍射栅格的光学传输功能相组合的轴上全息透镜的光学传输功能来实现。 This may enable the input coupler of the optical transmission function is substantially equivalent to the optical transmission function axis hologram lens with the optical transmission function of a linear diffraction grating in combination to achieve.
这种单一衍射光学元件可类似于但不等同于参考图4A-4E描述的输入耦合器414。 Such a single diffractive optical element may be similar, but not identical with reference to FIGS. 4A-4E input coupler described in 414. 例如，所得到的单一衍射光学元件输入耦合器将还包括具有径向变化的节距的弯曲栅格线，如同输入耦合器414的情形一样。 For example, the resultant single diffractive optical element input coupler will further comprise a curved grid line pitch having a radially varying, as input case coupler 414 is the same. 然而，此实施例中的多个弯曲栅格线将不总是具有相同的曲率中心和汇聚点。 However, in this embodiment a plurality of curved grid lines embodiment will not always have the same center of curvature and the point of convergence. 而是，曲率中心和汇聚点将在一定程度上模糊掉，使得它们彼此靠近但不是完全相同的点。 Rather, the center of curvature and aggregation point obscured to some extent, such that they are close to, but not identical to one another point. 这没问题，只要输入耦合器的弯曲栅格线各自具有汇聚点，所述汇聚点位于波导的输出耦合器516所处的区域内。 This is no problem, as long as the input coupler curved grid lines each having a convergence point, the convergence inner point located at the output coupler waveguide 516 located area. 这将确保当输入耦合器被置于用红外光照射的眼睛前方时，从眼睛反射并入射到输入耦合器上的红外光束在输入耦合器处进入波导，穿过波导从输入耦合器经由全内反射传播到输出耦合器，并在输出耦合器516附近离开平面波导。 This will ensure that when the input coupler is placed with the front of the eye infrared light irradiated from the eye reflected incident infrared beam on the input coupling into the waveguide at the input coupler, and runs the full waveguide from the input coupler via reflection propagate to the output coupler, and out of the plane of the waveguide near the output coupler 516.
而且，如参考图4A-4E描述的输入耦合器414的情况一样，此实施例中的输入耦合器的弯曲栅格线的径向变化的节距将引起入射到输入耦合器的不同水平和竖直位置上的不同红外光束以相应的不同反射角穿过波导传播并相对于该波导的红外光束穿过其离开的表面以相应的不同入射角离开该波导。 Further, as in the case with reference to FIGS. 4A-4E input coupler described 414 as radially curved grid lines in this embodiment the input coupler embodiment of a variation of the pitch will cause incident on different input coupler different infrared beam in the horizontal and vertical positions to respective different angle of reflection through the waveguide propagation with respect to the infrared light beam of the waveguide through the surface thereof exiting at respective different angles of incidence away from the waveguide. 换言之，本实施例还实现了入射到输入耦合器上的红外光束的角度编码。 In other words, the present embodiment also enables the incident input infrared light beam coupler angular encoders. 尽管在图5A中未具体示出，然而透镜模块(例如430)可被用来将离开平面波导512的红外光束从角度编码的红外光束转换为二维空间编码的红外光束。 Although not specifically shown in FIG. 5A, however, the lens module (e.g. 430) may be used for the infrared beam infrared light beam into the angle encoder from the two-dimensional spatial encoding infrared beam exiting the planar waveguide 512. 此外， 眼睛跟踪IR传感器(例如134B)可取决于使用透镜模块产生的二维空间编码的红外光束来产生眼睛跟踪数据。 Furthermore, eye tracking IR sensor (e.g. 134B) may depend on the use of infrared beam two-dimensional spatial encoding lens module generated to produce eye tracking data.
图6是被用来概述用于在眼睛跟踪中使用的方法的流程图。 FIG. 6 is used for an overview flowchart of a method for use in eye tracking. 参考图6,在步骤602， 眼睛被用红外光照明，同时平面波导的输入耦合器大体与眼睛轴向对齐，其将导致从眼睛反射的红外光束入射到平面波导的输入耦合器上。 Referring to FIG 6, in step 602, the eye is infrared illumination, while the planar waveguide input coupler is substantially aligned with the eye axial direction, which will result in incident from the infrared light beam eyes reflected onto the input coupler planar waveguide.
如在步骤604指示的，输入耦合器的弯曲栅格线引起入射到平面波导的输入耦合器上的红外光束朝平面波导的输出耦合器所处的公共区域衍射。 As indicated at step 604, the curved grid line input coupler causes public areas diffracted infrared beam on the input coupler is incident on the planar waveguide toward the output coupler planar waveguide is located. 如在步骤606所指示的，入射在输入耦合器的不同部分上的红外光束被使得在相应的不同的反射角穿过波导传播并相对于红外光束穿过其离开的波导表面以相应的不同入射角离开该波导。 As step 606 indicates, the incident infrared beams at different portions of the input coupler is made to pass through the waveguide propagates in a respective different angle of reflection with respect to an infrared light beam passing through it exits the waveguide surface to respective different incident angle away from the waveguide. 换言之，在步骤606,存在入射到输入耦合器上并在输入耦合器处进入波导的红外光束的角度编码。 In other words, at step 606, the presence of incident input coupler and into the infrared beam waveguide at an input coupler at an angle encoder. 这种角度编码被实现，因为输入耦合器的弯曲栅格线的径向变化的节距，如同上面解释的。 This angle encoder is implemented, because the radial input coupler curved grid lines changes in pitch, as explained above. 尽管步骤604和606被示出为两个独立的步骤，然而这些步骤可能同时执行。 Although steps 604 and 606 are shown as two separate steps, but these steps may be performed simultaneously.
如在步骤608所指示的，离开平面波导的红外光束被从角度编码的红外光束转换为二维空间编码的红外光束。 The infrared light beam out of the plane of the waveguide is encoded from the perspective of an infrared light beam conversion step 608 indicated in an infrared beam a two-dimensional spatial encoding. 如上面解释的，这可使用透镜模块实现(例如430)。 As explained above, this may be a lens module implemented (e.g., 430).
如在步骤610指示的，可被用于跟踪眼睛的眼睛跟踪数据取决于二维空间编码的红外光束而生成。 Eye tracking data As indicated at step 610, may be used to track eye depends infrared beam two-dimensional spatial encoding to generate. 如上面解释的，这可使用眼睛跟踪IR传感器(例如134B)来实现。 As explained above, it may be used an eye tracking IR sensor (e.g. 134B) is achieved. 传感器可以例如是电荷耦合器件(CCD)或CMOS像素传感器阵列，但不限于此。 The sensor may, for example, a charge coupled device (CCD) or CMOS pixel sensor array, but is not limited thereto. 眼睛跟踪数据的一些示例是来自红外相机或由位置灵敏检测器(PSD)所检测到闪光的位置的图像数据。 Some examples of eye-tracking data is the image data from the infrared camera or a position sensitive detector (PSD) of the detected flash position. 眼睛跟踪数据可被用于例如确定注视点，该注视点指示用户正在注视的一个或多个现实或虚拟对象。 Eye tracking data can be used, for example, determining the point of gaze of the attention of one or more real or virtual target point indicating that the user is looking. 换言之，眼睛跟踪数据可被用来确定用户正看的方向或对象。 In other words, the eye tracking data may be used to determine the direction or the object the user is looking. 本领域所知的眼睛跟踪可涉及测量聚散度、瞳孔间距（IPD)、注视确定、基于眼睛移动的命令、生物测定标识，但不限于此。 Known in the art eye tracking may involve measuring the vergence, pupil distance (the IPD), the gaze is determined, a command eye movement based on the biometric identification, but is not limited thereto.
当IR传感器是IR相机时，瞳孔在眼框内的位置可通过已知的成像技术来标识，而当IR传感器是一种位置灵敏检测器(PSD)时，瞳孔在眼框内的位置可通过闪光位置数据来标识。 When the IR sensor is an IR camera, the pupil position of the eye box can be identified by known imaging techniques, when the IR sensor is a position-sensitive detector (PSD), the pupil of the eye box location may be identified flashing position data. 对于更具体的示例，瞳孔的位置可通过检测角膜的反射的已知成像技术来标识，例如，如在2008年7月22日授权给Kranz等人的题为“Head Mounted Eye Tracking and Display System(头戴式眼睛跟踪和显示系统)”的美国专利7,401，920中所公开的。 For a more specific example, the position of the pupil can be identified by known imaging techniques reflection of the detection of the cornea, e.g., as issued to Kranz et al, entitled 2008 July 22 "Head Mounted Eye Tracking and Display System ( the head-mounted eye tracking and display system) "U.S. Patent No. 7,401,920 disclosed. 此类技术可以定位眼睛的中心相对于跟踪相机(例如，眼睛跟踪IR传感器134B)的位置。 Such techniques may be positioned center of the eye with respect to the tracking camera (e.g., eye tracking IR sensor 134B) position. 一般而言， 眼睛跟踪涉及获得眼睛的图像并使用计算机视觉技术来确定瞳孔在眼眶内的位置。 Generally, the eye-tracking relates to an image obtained of the eye and uses computer vision techniques to determine the position of the pupil within the eye socket. 在一个实施例中，跟踪一只眼睛的位置就足够了，因为双眼通常一致地移动。 In one embodiment, tracking a position of the eye is sufficient, because the eyes generally move in unison. 然而，单独地跟踪每只眼睛也是可能的。 However, tracked separately for each eye is also possible. 在两只眼睛被跟踪的情况下，对于这两只眼睛中的每只眼睛，可以存在在本文中描述的平面波导中的一个独立的平面波导。 In the case where both eyes are tracked, for which both eyes of each eye, there may be a separate planar waveguide planar waveguide described herein is. 描述用于基于反射的红外光来跟踪眼睛并生成眼睛跟踪数据的专利的另一示例是2013年7月16日颁发给Lewis等人的题为“Gaze Detection in a See-Through,Near-Eye ,Mixed Reality Display (透视近眼混合现实显示器中的注视检测)”的美国专利号8，487，838。 Description based on reflected infrared light to track eye and generate eye of another example of the patent data track is issued July 16, 2013 to Lewis et al., Entitled "Gaze Detection in a See-Through, Near-Eye, mixed reality display (perspective view gaze detecting near-eye mixed reality display) "U.S. Patent No. 8,487,838.
如在步骤612处所指示的，应用的一方面基于眼睛跟踪数据被控制或修改。 As in step 612 indicated at application aspect based eye tracking data is controlled or modified. 步骤612可例如使用处理器(例如210或320)来执行。 Step 612 may, for example, using a processor (e.g., 210 or 320) is performed. 步骤612可涉及例如使得用户能够从列表中做出选择，从而使得用户能够控制化身如何通过虚拟环境行进，或引起某些虚拟对象被强调，但不限于此。 Step 612 may involve, for example, enable a user to make a selection from the list, so that the user can control the avatar how travels through a virtual environment, or cause some virtual object is emphasized, but is not limited thereto. 步骤612可附加地或替换地涉及观察用户对某些视觉刺激等的反应。 Step 612 may additionally or alternatively involve observing user reactions to certain visual stimuli like.
本文公开的平面波导有利地可按不损害混合现实显示设备系统的透视属性的方式与眼睛跟踪硬件一起使用。 plane herein disclosed waveguides advantageously may not impaired mixed reality display a perspective attributes device system for use in conjunction with eye-tracking hardware. 而且，本文公开的平面波导使得眼睛的成像能在所有类型的处方眼镜的情况下工作，且使得眼睛的成像覆盖整个眼睛移动范围加上瞳孔间距离范围。 Further, the planar waveguide herein disclosed so that the imaging of the eye work in the case of all types of prescription eyeglasses, and so that the imaging of the eye to cover the entire eye movement range plus interpupillary distance range.
在以上描述中，波导412通常被描述为是包括一对平坦表面的平面波导412。 In the above description, the waveguide 412 is generally described as a plane including the pair of flat surfaces of the waveguide 412. 在替换实施例中，波导的主要表面之一或两者可以是非平面的，即弯曲的。 In an alternative embodiment, one of the main surface of the waveguide, or both may be non-planar, i.e. it curved. 尽管栅格可在平面表面上或平面表面中更容易地制造，使用（一个或多个)弯曲表面可能减少系统中的某些色差。 While the grid may or planar surface more easily manufactured on a planar surface (s) curved surfaces use may reduce some of the color difference system.
本技术的各实施例已经在上面在解说所指定的功能的执行及其关系的功能构造块的帮助下描述。 The present technology described embodiments have been described with the aid of functional building block is performed and relationships thereof illustrating the functions specified above. 这些功能构造块的边界在本文中常被为了方便描述而限定。 The boundaries of functional building blocks herein often for convenience of description is defined. 替换边界可被定义，只要所指定的功能及其关系被适当执行。 Alternatively boundaries can be defined so long as the specified functions and relationships thereof are appropriately performed. 任何这些替换边界从而在本技术的范围和精神内。 Any of these alternative boundary so that within the scope and spirit of the present technology. 例如，组合或分离图6中示出的某些步骤是可能的。 For example, certain steps 6 shown combined or separated FIG possible. 对于另一示例，改变图3A和3B 中示出的某些块的边界是可能的。 For another example, changing the boundary in FIG. 3A and 3B shows some of the blocks is possible.
尽管用结构特征和/或方法动作专用的语言描述了本主题，但可以理解，所附权利要求书中定义的主题不必限于上述具体特征或动作。 Although the structural features and / or methodological acts described in language specific subject matter, but it will be understood that the appended claims define the subject matter is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts. 更确切而言，上述具体特征和动作是作为实现权利要求的示例形式公开的。 Rather, the above-described specific features and acts are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims disclosed. 本技术的范围由所附的权利要求进行定义。 Scope of the technology by the appended claims define.
1. 一种用于在跟踪被红外光照明的眼睛中使用的装置，所述装置包括： 波导，所述波导是透明的且包括输入耦合器和输出耦合器； 光源，所述光源被适配成用红外光照明眼睛，以使得所述红外光的至少一部分从所述眼睛反射并入射到所述输入耦合器上； 其中所述输入耦合器和所述输出耦合器在空间上彼此分开； 其中所述输入耦合器包括多个弯曲栅格线，所述弯曲栅格线被配置成将入射到所述输入耦合器上的红外光束衍射到所述波导中并经由全内反射衍射向所述输出耦合器所处的公共区域； 其中所述输入耦合器的所述多个弯曲栅格线具有径向变化的节距，所述径向变化的节距随着所述弯曲栅格线和所述输出耦合器之间的距离的增加而减小； 其中所述输入耦合器的所述多个弯曲栅格线各自具有相应的曲率中心以及相应的汇聚点，所述汇聚点位于所 1. A device for tracking the use of infrared light for illuminating the eye, the apparatus comprising: a waveguide, the waveguide is transparent and includes an input coupler and an output coupler; light source is adapted into infrared illumination eye, so that the infrared light at least a portion from the eye reflected incident to said input coupler; wherein said input coupler and the output coupler are separated from each other in the space; wherein said input coupler includes a plurality of curved grid lines, the curved grid lines configured to incident the input infrared light beam coupler diffracted to the waveguide and to the output via total internal reflection diffraction the coupler is located in public areas; wherein said input coupler of the plurality of curved grid lines having a radially varying pitch, the radial variation of the pitch as the curved grid lines and the increasing the distance between output coupler decreases; wherein said input coupler of the plurality of curved grid lines each having a respective center of curvature and a corresponding convergence point, said convergence point is located in the 波导的所述输出耦合器所处的区域内；以及其中所述输入耦合器被配置成作为聚焦元件工作，以使得当所述眼睛处于作为所述输入耦合器的聚焦距离的名义良视距离时，从所述眼睛上的相同场点反射的穿过所述输入耦合器进入所述波导的红外光线束在所述波导内部变为准直的并相对于所述波导的红外光穿过其离开的表面以相同的入射角离开所述波导，并且从所述眼睛上的不同场点反射的红外光线束以相应的不同反射角穿过所述波导传播并相对于所述波导的红外光穿过其离开的表面以相应的不同入射角离开所述波导，这由此提供了对反射离开所述眼睛上的不同场点的红外光的角度编码。 Within the region of the waveguide of the output coupler is located; and wherein said input coupler is configured as a focusing element operates such that when the eye is in the name as the input coupler focusing distance good visibility distance infrared light beam passes through the input coupling into the waveguide is reflected from the same field point on the eye within the waveguide becomes collimated, and it exits with respect to the infrared of the waveguide passes through a surface with the same angle of incidence away from the waveguide and the infrared light beam reflected from a different field point on the eye through a corresponding different reflection angle of the waveguide propagation with respect to the infrared of the waveguide passes through surface thereof exiting at respective different angles of incidence away from the waveguide, which thereby provides angular encoding reflected off the different field points on the eye infrared light.
2. 如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，当所述输入耦合器被置于用红外光照明的眼睛前方时，从所述眼睛反射并入射到所述输入耦合器上的红外光束在所述输入耦合器处进入所述波导，穿过所述波导从所述输入耦合器经由全内反射传播到所述输出耦合器，并在所述输出耦合器附近离开所述波导。 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein, when said input coupler is placed in front of infrared light for illuminating the eye, from the eye reflected incident infrared light beam on said input coupler the input coupler at the entry of the waveguide through the waveguide coupler reflected propagating from said input via total internal the output coupler, and in the vicinity of the output coupler away from said waveguide.
3. 如权利要求2所述的装置，其特征在于，所述输入耦合器的所述弯曲栅格线的径向变化的节距： 引起入射在所述输入耦合器的不同水平和竖直位置上的不同的红外光束在相应的不同的反射角穿过所述波导传播并相对于所述波导的所述红外光束穿过其离开的表面以相应的不同入射角离开所述波导。 3. The device according to claim 2, wherein said input radially curved grid line coupler varying pitch: due to incident different horizontal and vertical positions in the input coupler different infrared light beam at the respective different angle of reflection through the waveguide propagation and with said infrared beam to the waveguide through the surface thereof exiting at respective different angles of incidence away from the waveguide.
4. 如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述输入耦合器和所述输出耦合器相对于彼此被定位成基本实现远心性。 Means a 1-3 any one as claimed in claim, wherein said input coupler and the output coupler with respect to each other is positioned substantially achieve telecentricity.
5. 如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述输入耦合器的所述多个弯曲栅格线各自具有汇聚点，所述汇聚点位于所述波导的所述输出耦合器所处的区域内。 5. The device as claimed in claims 1-3, wherein said input of said plurality of curved grid lines of the coupler each have a point of convergence, a convergence point in said waveguide by the area of said output coupler is located.
6. 如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述输入耦合器被形成在所述波导的单个表面之中或之上，并且其中形成在所述波导的单个表面之中或之上的所述输入耦合器的光学传输功能基本等同于与线性衍射栅格的光学传输功能相组合的轴上全息透镜的光学传输功能。 6. The device as claimed in claims 1-3, wherein said input coupler is formed in a single surface of the waveguide or above, and wherein the individual in the waveguide is formed the in or on the surface of the input coupler of the optical transmission function is substantially equivalent to the optical transmission function of the optical transfer function of the linear diffraction gratings in combination axis holographic lens.
7. —种在跟踪眼睛中使用的方法，所述方法包括： 用红外光对眼睛照明，同时波导的输入耦合器大体与所述眼睛轴向对齐，这将导致从所述眼睛反射的红外光束入射到所述波导的所述输入耦合器上，所述眼睛处于作为所述输入耦合器的聚焦距离的名义良视距离处； 使用所述输入耦合器的弯曲栅格线，将入射到所述波导的所述输入耦合器上的所述红外光束衍射向所述波导的输出耦合器所处的公共区域； 使用所述波导的所述输出耦合器，引起所述红外光束离开所述波导；以及通过以下方式对从所述眼睛反射的红外光进行角度编码：引起从所述眼睛上的相同场点反射的穿过所述输入耦合器进入所述波导的红外光线束在所述波导内部变为准直的并相对于所述波导的所述红外光穿过其离开的表面以相同的入射角离开所述波导，并且引起从所述眼睛上的不同 7. - species track eye use, the method comprising: using infrared light to the eyes of illumination, while the waveguide input coupler is substantially aligned with the eye axial direction, which causes light reflected from the eye infrared beam said input coupler is incident to the waveguide, the eye is the name as the input coupler focusing distance good visual distance; using the input coupler curved grid line, incident to the the waveguide for receiving the infrared light beam diffracted on the coupler in which the output coupler of the waveguide in public areas; using the waveguide of the output coupler, causing the infrared beam leaves the waveguide; and infrared light reflected from the eye optical angular encoder in the following way: to cause through said input coupling into the waveguide of the infrared light beam reflected from the same field point on the eye within the waveguide becomes collimated with respect to the infrared of the waveguide passes through its surface leaving at the same angle of incidence away from the waveguide, and causes different from the eye 点反射的红外光线束以相应的不同反射角穿过所述波导传播并相对于所述波导的所述红外光穿过其离开的表面以相应的不同入射角离开所述波导。 Point of the reflected infrared light beam corresponding to a different angle of reflection through the waveguide propagation with respect to the infrared of the waveguide passes through the surface thereof exiting at respective different angles of incidence away from the waveguide.
8. 如权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，进一步包括： 将离开所述波导的所述红外光束从角度编码的红外光束转换为二维空间编码的红外光束； 取决于所述二维空间编码的红外光束，生成能被用来跟踪所述眼睛的眼睛跟踪数据； 以及基于所述眼睛跟踪数据来控制或修改应用的方面。 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, further comprising: exiting the waveguide infrared beam of infrared light beam into the angle encoder from the two-dimensional spatial encoding an infrared light beam; depending on the two-dimensional spatially encoded infrared beam generated can be used to track eye tracking data of the eye; and to control or modify aspects of the application based on the eye-tracking data.
9. 一种在跟踪眼睛中使用的系统，所述系统包括： 红外照明源，所述红外照明源产生能被用来对眼睛照明的红外光； 波导，所述波导是透明的且包括输入耦合器和输出耦合器； 其中所述波导的所述输入耦合器包括多个弯曲栅格线，所述弯曲栅格线将入射到所述输入耦合器上的红外光束衍射到所述波导中并衍射向所述波导的所述输出耦合器所处的公共区域； 其中所述输入耦合器的所述多个弯曲栅格线具有径向变化的节距，并且所述多个弯曲栅格线被配置成引起所述输入耦合器作为聚焦元件工作，以使得从所述眼睛上的相同场点反射的穿过所述输入耦合器进入所述波导的红外光线束在所述波导内部变为准直的并相对于所述波导的红外光穿过其离开的表面以相同的入射角离开所述波导，并且从所述眼睛上的不同场点反射的红外光线束以相应的不同反射 9. A tracking system eye for use, said system comprising: an infrared illumination source, the infrared illumination source generates can be used infrared light on the eye illuminated; a waveguide, the waveguide is transparent and includes an input coupled and an output coupler; wherein said input coupler of the waveguide comprises a plurality of curved grid lines, the curved grid line is incident to the input infrared light beam coupler diffracted into the waveguide and diffraction to the output coupler of said waveguide public area located; wherein said input coupler of the plurality of curved grid lines having a radially varying pitch, and said plurality of curved grid lines are arranged to cause the input coupler as the focusing element work, so that through the reflection from the same field point on the eye of the input coupling into the waveguide of the infrared light beam inside the waveguide becomes collimated with respect to the infrared waveguide light through the surface thereof exiting at the same angle of incidence away from the waveguide and the infrared light beam reflected from a different field point on the eye respective different reflected at 角穿过所述波导传播，并相对于所述波导的红外光穿过其离开的表面以相应的不同的入射角离开所述波导； 其中所述波导的所述输入耦合器被置于用由所述红外照明源所产生的红外光照明的眼睛前方时，从所述眼睛反射并入射到所述输入耦合器上的红外光束在所述输入耦合器处进入所述波导，穿过所述波导从所述输入耦合器经由全内反射传播到所述输出耦合器，并在所述输出耦合器附近离开所述波导；以及其中所述输入耦合器的所述弯曲栅格线的所述径向变化的节距随着所述弯曲栅格线和所述输出耦合器之间的距离的增加而减小。 Angle through the waveguide propagation, and IR of the waveguide passes through the surface thereof exiting at respective different angles of incidence away from the waveguide relative; to the input coupler wherein the waveguide is disposed with a when the front of the eye infrared light illumination of the infrared illumination source generated from the eye reflected incident the input infrared light beam is coupled at the input coupler at the entry of the waveguide through the waveguide coupling reflected propagating from said input via total internal to the output coupler, and in the vicinity of the output coupler away from said waveguide; said radial direction and wherein said input coupler of the curved grid lines pitch change as the curved grid lines and increasing the distance between the coupler of the output increases.
10. 如权利要求9所述的系统，其特征在于，进一步包括： 透镜模块，所述透镜模块将离开所述波导的所述红外光束从角度编码的红外光束转换为二维空间编码的红外光束； 传感器，所述传感器取决于使用所述透镜模块产生的二维空间编码的红外光束来产生眼睛跟踪数据；以及处理器，所述处理器基于所述眼睛跟踪数据来控制或修改应用的方面。 10. The system according to claim 9, characterized in that, further comprising: a lens module, a lens module away from the infrared light beam into the angle encoder from the two-dimensional spatial encoding infrared beam of said infrared beam waveguide ; a sensor depending on the infrared beam two-dimensionally spatially encoded using the lens module generated to produce eye tracking data; and a processor, the processor based on the eye-tracking data to control or modify aspects of the application.
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2019-04-19T19:59:04Z
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https://patents.google.com/patent/CN105849621B/en
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Porn
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Science
| 0.231153 |
wordpress
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About this time last year I took some pics in the same spot so we decided to pop out for a few minutes and do the same as last year.
Just a side note, I’m loving this new camera!
Wow, he is turning into such a handsome young man. Growing up so fast. He looks like he loves having his photo taken and they are awesome photos of him chilling with a beautiful backdrop. Gorgeous.
that first shot is so soulful…. becoming a young man! just gorgeous and YAY for the new camera – enjoy and cant wait to see more pics!!
These pic’s of Wills are just gorgeous Katie, love them.
Wowsers! The boy knows how to work the camera. Gorgeous portraits!
So, what’s this new camera then?
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2019-04-22T06:13:46Z
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https://katiemdocumentsdelight2012.wordpress.com/2012/09/01/day-244/
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Porn
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News
| 0.540776 |
sfgate
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One of New Orleans' many seductive qualities -- and, having visited the city post-Katrina, I say this resolutely in the present tense -- is that out-of-towners can always experience whatever version of the Big Easy they set out to discover. The citys multifaceted piquancy allows sophisticates, hedonists, young families and collegiate rabble-rousers alike to savor its pleasures in a way that suits their specific tastes.
P.J.'s Oysterbed in San Francisco's Sunset District evokes the kind of New Orleans restaurant that appeals to the laid-back, let's-just-see-what-happens crowd. The party-lite atmosphere is clamorous but doesn't quite encourage the unrestrained sloppiness that often erupts in the French Quarter.
After nearly 30 years in business, P.J.'s has an appealingly tarnished aura. It feels well worn and well loved, like a heavily frequented brasserie in Paris. Customers fill the place both weekdays and weekends.
Over the years, P.J.'s menu has evolved. In its current incarnation, the menu is divided into generous appetizers -- nicknamed "Creole tapas" -- and even more bountiful entrees.
But during a recent meal, the small-plates selection outshone the larger main courses.
Two Louisiana blue crab cakes ($12) highlight the kitchen's way with simple dishes. The cakes' light filler didn't distract from the sweet meatiness of the crab, and seasonings added kick without trouncing the seafood.
We couldn't really taste the crab in the baked spinach and crab dip ($7.95), but we didn't much care. We were in guilty-pleasure heaven and scraped the sides of the dish to demolish the cheddar-y crust.
The oyster bar is the first thing you see when you walk through P.J.'s door, and I could tell from the display in the front case that the restaurant's selection was low on the night I dined there.
Sure enough, the only bivalves available on the half shell ($13 for a half dozen) were tiny Malpeques. They were lovely specimens, though -- fresh and briny.
Oysters Rockefeller (three for $9) might have been equally pleasurable had it not been for an overabundance of white pepper in the creamy topping.
It wasn't the only time an overpowering seasoning took us by surprise. When my friend and I took our first spoonfuls of jambalaya ($17.95), we looked at each other quizzically.
"Is that ... ?" I began.
Yep, cinnamon. The sweet spice ruined the jambalaya, which was an otherwise amiable jumble of rice tossed with smoked chicken, andouille sausage, tasso ham and shrimp.
The "Smokin' Drocco Combo" ($17.95) -- named for John Drocco, the restaurant's owner -- didn't have any odd flavorings, but neither did it impress. Smoked ribs and pieces of chicken thigh were dry, roasted corn-on-the-cob tasted rubbery, and red beans and rice lacked the layered nuances that make the combination an enduring Cajun classic.
And the balsamic-garlic reduction sauce over trout "Catahoula" ($18.95) imparted each of the dish's other ingredients -- the otherwise fresh fish, rock shrimp, sauteed peppers and onions -- with an acrid sourness.
After disappointing entrees, bananas Foster ($10) helped elevate our moods. The addition of strawberries brightened the dessert, and the vanilla ice cream was crusted with crunchy pecan bits, a nice textural touch.
Not all the food hits home, but P.J.'s Oysterbed brims with a conviviality that indeed channels New Orleans: With all its quirky flaws, it's hard not to have a great time.
737 Irving St. (near Ninth Avenue), San Francisco; (415) 566-7775.
Dinner 5-10 p.m. Tuesday-Thursday, Sunday; 5-11 p.m. Friday-Saturday.
Reservations and credit cards accepted. Full bar. Difficult street parking.
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2019-04-21T16:29:18Z
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https://www.sfgate.com/restaurants/diningout/article/P-J-s-New-Orleans-fare-warms-your-cockles-2485357.php
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.346481 |
1by-day
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Hannah Hunter is a tall slender babe and today she wants to treat you to a striptease. So what are you waiting for? Check it out! This babe is smoking!
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2019-04-23T02:26:23Z
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http://fhg.1by-day.com/gallery.php?sn=6479&nats=MjEzNDIwMjY6NTox,0,0,0,31
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Porn
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Porn
| 0.293261 |
wordpress
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One of the biggest brags of open source is that it reduces the cost of achieving a result to 1/5 or 1/10 of a commercial solution.
Of course, open hardware developers usually don’t include research & development costs. If someone wants to build their own project, the realization that development tools can cost far more than the small project they produce can come as a shock. Why would someone want to spend a thousand dollars on a tool to debug a ten dollar project?
Nathan Willis’ LinuxCon talk comes by way of LWN.net. Details of open source oscilloscopes, logic analyzers and more after the jump.
The Raspberry Pi is a $25 or $35 computer that is roughly the size of an Altoids tin. It may or may not end up being fully open hardware.
Here are some more details from David Braben.
A neat feature is that it is “stateless” which means, in a practical sense, even after you’ve used your Raspberry Pi for a while, the SD card is the only thing that distinguishes it from any other Raspberry Pi. So, if something goes wrong with it, you could just move the SD card and all the peripherals to another one and get right back to work.
One of perhaps the most exciting things about Raspberry Pi is, as Jeremy Ruston had previously noted, how it nudges you towards hardware development.
It was suggested that a standard for expansion boards was much needed…A concern was also raised that in the absence of a standard at present some may be wary of designing add-on boards should one subsequently be published.
The potential for using Raspberry Pi as the embedded controller in a RepRap 3D printer was discussed next, noting how the powerful ARM processor would enable it to do things that would just not be possible with a small microcontroller.
Who doesn’t want their own robot? Okay, who doesn’t want their own open source robot? Enough with the rhetorical questions.
Francisco and Carlos Paz founded the company TheCorpora so they could bring the dream of an open source robot to reality. The result was Q.bo (apparently pronounced “kew-be-oh”).
Q.bo is now available for pre-order. You’re welcome.
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2019-04-24T12:02:25Z
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https://openalia.wordpress.com/tag/linux/
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Porn
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Computers
| 0.44389 |
wordpress
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YO! I Saw a Sailing Boat in the SKY!
IT simply Blows US UP! (( AGAIN!
STOP YOUR TOXIC YOLO N STFU!
LIKE A Burning EYE AIII!
AUCH it’s HOT ….I TOLD YOU!
Don’t WHINE – what can YOU DO?
AT LEAST I LOVE YOU!
It’s just a dot or a line or a number which ends and starts.
There is no difference really at a place without Time.
or at an eternal frequency which is timeless.
We cannot tell you more.
That’s all our nature allows us to know.
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2019-04-20T10:41:05Z
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https://dnalumuland.wordpress.com/2015/01/
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Porn
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News
| 0.328497 |
wordpress
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Kickin The Winter Blues $1000 Cash Giveaway!!
My Best Tip for Saving Money with Coupons: Keep them on you at all times!!! There is nothing worse than going out shopping and you are missing a coupon! If you have a smartphone be sure to sign-up for all the store apps to the places you frequent because they often share coupons there that they don’t with the general pubic. Or sign up for email alerts, some stores have text alerts and you don’t need a smartphone for those!
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This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged bloggers, cash giveaway, giveaway, jenn's blah blah blog, paypal cash, rafflecopter, win stuff on February 27, 2013 by christinapertz1.
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2019-04-21T21:18:49Z
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https://christinadesignsart.wordpress.com/2013/02/27/kickin-the-winter-blues-1000-cash-giveaway/
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Porn
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Shopping
| 0.979443 |
wordpress
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It’s that time of the year when friends and family gather for holiday events and good cheer. This is often accompanied by wonderful dessert wines ranging from sweet white rieslings, gewurtraminers, and viogniers in late-harvest, sparkling, and ice-wine formats as well as velvety red ports, black muscats, and late harvest zinfandels. All of these sweet and semi-sweet dessert wines pair well with different types of cheeses, chocolate, cakes, pies, and other delectable dishes such as crème brulee, cheesecake and flan.
A lovely floral nose of roses and sweet apricots, with luscious sweet vanilla and honey on the palate. Good balance of acid and fruit, with a long finish and good intensity of flavor. Drink alone as a dessert or with vanilla cake. The #1 favorite of Kelly, Ally, and Shannon. Available at http://www.harvestmoonwinery.com/.
Complex nose of peaches, honeysuckle, and minerals. Palate of sweet peach and a refreshing lemon zest acidity. Excellent balance of fruit, acid and sugar. Long finish and pleasing complexity. The favorite of Katie. She would drink it with vanilla gelato. Available at: www.chateaustjean.com.
Dark purple black depths. Rich lush berry nose of blackberry, raspberry and blueberries. Spicy with cinnamon and forest floor notes. Not as sweet and jammy as most late-harvest zins – more refined and complex with excellent concentration of fruit and long finish. The favorite of Matt who would drink it with chocolate cake. Available at: http://www.murphygoodewinery.com/.
Matt is from Sherman Oaks, California. He is a Sensitive Taster with a score of 4 on the Wine Tasting Continuum. He prefers dark red wines with big tannins. His scores were: Harvest Moon = Silver-18; Chateau St. Jean = Gold-19; Murphy-Goode = Gold-19, with his favorite being the Murphy-Goode.
Shannon is from Lodi, California. She is a Sensitive Taster with a score of 4 on the Wine Tasting Continuum. She prefers red wines such as cabernet and pinot noir, and is found of a well balanced wine with spicy oak, smooth tannins and firm acid. Her scores were: Harvest Moon = Gold-20; Chateau St. Jean = Bronze-15; Murphy-Goode = Bronze-16, with her favorite being the Harvest Moon.
Katie is from Solvang, California. She is a Sensitive Tasters with a score of 4 on the Wine Tasting Continuum. She enjoys all types of wine with no preference of white over red, but selects wine based on the food and occasion. Her scores were: Harvest Moon = Silver-18; Chateau St. Jean = Gold-19; Murphy-Goode = Bronze-16, with her favorite being the Chateau St. Jean.
Ally is from Novato, California. She scored a 3 on the Tasting Continuum and verified with the PROPO paper that she is a Hyper-Sensitive Taster. She prefers sweeter white wines, fruity reds, Champagne, and sparkling wine. Her scores were: Harvest Moon = Gold-19; Chateau St. Jean = Silver-18; Murphy-Goode = Silver 17, with her favorite being the Harvest Moon.
Kelly is from St. Helena, California. She scored a 1 on the Tasting Continuum and verified with the PROPO paper that she is a very Hyper-Sensitive Taster. She enjoys sweet white wines and fruity reds. Her scores were: Harvest Moon = Gold-20; Chateau St. Jean = Silver-18; Murphy-Goode = Bronze-16, with her favorite being the Harvest Moon.
Each judge is trained in how to complete a Wine Tasting Evaluation form which includes analysis of wine color, aroma, flavor and quality. Quality is determined based on balance, length of finish, intensity, and complexity. Judges are also asked to describe the “x factor” of whether they like the wine or not – and why. See “How We Evaluate Wines” on main menu.
The dessert wines were my favorite wines to taste, all so sweet and delicious! The Harvest moon had very different flavors ranging from vanilla and honey to delicate fruits. I would drink this wine all by itself as dessert, or with a slice of vanilla cake.
It was a lot of fun to taste dessert wines! I was very interested in how different each varietal tasted. Although I enjoyed them all, my favorite was the Chateau St. Jean ’06 Late Harvest Riesling. It was fruity, floral, nicely complex, and very well balanced. I think this wine would be a delicious dessert served alone or paired with creme brulee!
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2019-04-20T15:02:45Z
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https://winestars.wordpress.com/2008/12/09/favorite-california-dessert-wines-for-the-holidays/
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.188702 |
cnn
|
Mobile phones: Hitting saturation point?
LONDON, England (CNN) -- Great expectations can be maddening -- especially if your name is Nokia and you are the world's largest maker of mobile phones.
In almost any other high-tech sector, yearly sales of the kind unveiled by the Finnish giant on Tuesday -- 64 percent growth, well ahead of the overall market -- would be enough to set industry gurus salivating.
Worldwide, consumers bought more than 400 million mobile phones last year -- more than the total sales of personal computers, pagers, laptops, televisions and cars combined, notes Ed Snyder, an analyst with J.P. Morgan H&Q.
But evidently, that's still not enough for a market in which meteoric hopes -- and, some would say, hype -- has become seen as a virtual birthright.
Nokia's announcement that it had sold 128 million phones last year, accounting for about a third of the global market, sent the company's stockholders scrambling for the exits, driving shares down as much as 19 percent at one point.
Investors, apparently, had been hoping for sales closer to analysts' forecasts of 140 million units.
The gap between hope and reality opened a breach into which analysts rushed with talk of slackening demand and "saturated" markets.
In some Scandinavian countries such as Sweden, 70 percent of people own mobile phones, depleting potential demand.
In the UK, where penetration rates are substantially lower, at around 50 percent, mobile phone ownership rose by around three million -- to nearly 32 million devices -- from May to August 2000.
But the greater problem confronting the industry, many believe, is the difficulty of switching to sleeker models of mobile phones that allow users to access the Internet using Wireless Application Protocol, or WAP, technology.
Consumers find many of the existing WAP-enabled phones much too slow and clunky for their purposes. The text is often four or five lines on a small black-and-white screen.
Before they can even access the Internet, WAP users must dial into a gateway -- a process that adds about 15 to 20 seconds to access times.
Even the most sophisticated phones fail to simulate the experience of surfing the Web on a personal computer -- not least because only a fraction of the sites available to a home Internet user are offered on WAP phones.
Yet after a faltering start, WAP may be poised to pay off, say telecom experts who tracked the teething pains of the early technology.
"This market is going to take off," said Joachim Bamrud, editor of Wapland.com, based in Norway.
"In a couple of years from now, we won't be talking WAP phones versus non-WAP phones, the same way we won't be talking of Internet companies versus non-Internet companies. � This is a revolution that's occurring -- nothing happens all at once."
Bamrud and others say a new technology that speeds up data transfer from the Internet to WAP phones, set for mass commercialisation this year, will breathe new life into the WAP market.
The technology, known as GPRS, or general packet radio service, will enable WAP phones to download data at speeds of around 40 kilobytes per second -- four times the rate of handsets using the current GSM, or global system for mobile, standard.
This time, market experts are hoping to avoid a recurrence of what some call the "WAP fiasco" -- when the technology was launched, but phones using it were late getting to the stores.
Per Lindberg, a telecom equipment analyst at Dresdner Kleinwort Benson in London, sees consumers asking themselves two fundamental questions soon: "What incremental benefits do I get, and what are the incremental costs?"
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2019-04-26T06:05:06Z
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http://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/europe/01/10/mobile.phones/index.html
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Porn
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Business
| 0.098826 |
wordpress
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In Learn Twitter: 10 Beginning Steps Ruth L. Snyder explains the benefits of Twitter for writers and leads you step by step through the process of setting up an effective account. Using this manual, you’ll learn the lingo, find your way around the Twitter dashboard, and start building relationships with your worldwide audience. You’ll also discover many tips and tricks to engage your audience and build a solid marketing platform in minutes a day.
This is the first book in the Authors’ Social Media Mastery Series on Twitter. Once you master the essentials, you’ll want to move on to the intermediate and advanced steps to enhance your skills, sharing your writing with more readers.
Get started on Twitter today!
2. What type of information is your audience looking for? What will pique their attention?
6. Would you enjoy reading this if someone else wrote it?
TIP: If you post a tweet with an error in it, you are able to delete your tweet. However, you need to remember that once something is live on the internet, there may be a permanent record of it. (Some people call this “making cement footprints.”) You may delete your tweet, but someone else may have copied it and passed it on or placed it into a different format where you can’t access it. So be sure that what you post is what you really want to say.
Check out more helpful tips at Good Tweet vs. Bad Tweet: A Guide to Being Not Boring on Twitter.
Ruth L. Snyder was privileged to spend the first 10 years of her life in southern Africa where her parents served as missionaries. From there her family moved to Canada, settling in Three Hills, Alberta. Ruth enjoyed her years as a “staff kid” at Prairie and is grateful for the biblical grounding she received there. She now resides close to Glendon (the pyrogy capital of Alberta, Canada) with her husband and five young children. Ruth enjoys writing articles, devotionals, short stories, and Christian fiction. She is author of Cecile’s Christmas Miracle, Life Lessons, Shadows and Sunshine, and Uplifting Devotionals for Parents.
Ruth is a member of The Word Guild and The Christian PEN. She currently serves as the President of InScribe Christian Writers’ Fellowship.
Ruth’s children have taught her many things about living with special needs. She is a strong advocate who spent several years serving on her local public school board.
Ruth loves her job teaching Music for Young Children. She is fascinated by children’s imaginations and enjoys helping young children learn the basics of music through play.
In her spare time, Ruth enjoys reading, crafts, volunteering in her local community, photography, and travel. Several years ago, Ruth and her family traveled through 28 States in 30 days!
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2019-04-20T08:49:28Z
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https://authorresourcesforsuccess.wordpress.com/category/book-reviews/
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Porn
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Recreation
| 0.439596 |
wired
|
Theranos, a company that makes low-cost blood tests, has been celebrated as the inventor of the next major medical breakthrough, and its founder, Elizabeth Holmes, has been hailed as the next Steve Jobs. But in an expose published today, The Wall Street Journal portrays Theranos as a company that is not only grossly under-delivering on its promise, but is also working hard to hide its problems.
A months-long investigation by the Journal found that, for the bulk of its blood tests, Theranos has not actually been using its own technology, which the company has claimed are capable of running tests with only a few drops of blood. Instead, it's been relying on traditional machines from companies like Siemens. What's more, the article alleges that in proficiency tests, Theranos's own Edison machines have produced radically different results than traditional machines have, and internal emails reveal the company may have tried to prevent those inconsistencies from seeing the light of day.
The Journal's claims, many of which Theranos has contested, are damning, portraying Theranos as an Oz-like company that looms large in public consciousness but turns out to have little going on behind the facade. At the same time, the story also exposes a deeper problem with the way Silicon Valley tries to spin hype into startup gold.
It's hardly unusual for a startup to over-hype its potential in its early days. Mark Zuckerberg was crowing about connecting every person in the world long before that claim seemed plausible. Uber executives have been talking about taking over the taxi industry for years. Even Tinder sometimes bills itself as a global social network, not just a dating app. These grandiose promises are table stakes in the tech industry, a requirement for luring both investors and early users. And typically, they're harmless. After all, who really gets hurt when, say, Ello fails to catch on?
Grandiose promises are table stakes in the tech industry, a requirement for luring both investors and early users.
But Theranos is a cautionary tale of what happens when that mentality creeps into sectors other than software, such as medicine. As one Theranos patient quoted by the Journal put it, "trial and error on people, that’s not OK." It's not that any of this is done maliciously. It's just that the tech industry wants its heroes. It wants to find the next Steve Jobs. It wants to be responsible for discovering not just the next big chat app, but the next big idea that will change the world. Once the industry finds a protagonist who seems to fit that narrative, the story can take on a life of its own, separate from the more mundane reality.
Holmes started Theranos in her dorm room, and, as the oft-told story goes, she kept the company in stealth mode for 10 years, refusing to say much about its methodology or publish its findings in peer-reviewed journals. And yet, throughout that time, tech investors like Draper Fisher Jurvetson and Larry Ellison continued pouring money into the company. To date, the company has raised $400 million at a $9 billion valuation, making Holmes a celebrity in tech circles and on the conference circuit (WIRED featured Holmes in its March 2014 issue).
That the tech world would want to apply the 'move fast and break things' motto to medicine as well as software makes sense.
Fast growth and overexposure can be tricky for any young company to navigate. But when that company dictates people's health decisions, it can be downright dangerous. So much more is at stake. That's why these medical tech and biotech companies are among the toughest to start. Instead of raising the money to prove the concept, as so often happens in the frothy tech industry, inventors of medical technology are tasked with proving their worth first. "In the mainstream medical diagnostics industry, there’s a pretty high standard in terms of investment," says Dr. Muneesh Tewari, an associate professor in the University of Michigan's department of hematology and oncology. "It's very uncommon to reach the size of Theranos without substantial disclosure and validation of results of the diagnostic performance."
There's an argument to be made, of course, that this process isn't perfect, either. It means breakthrough treatments can take far too long to reach the mainstream and that large pharmaceutical companies with money to spend get to dictate which technologies are worth the investment. That the tech world would want to apply the "move fast and break things" motto to medicine as well as software makes sense. But there's an equal and opposite argument to be made: not every industry can or should move fast.
Theranos isn't the first scientific company get caught up in the tech hype cycle long before it was ready. The DNA-testing-by-mail service 23andMe was celebrated in tech circles, before the FDA ordered it to stop marketing its health-related gene analyses. The FDA argued that 23andMe's technology hadn't gone through the proper approvals, and, as a result, couldn't advertise its tests to customers as indicators of health issues.
The good news for 23andMe, and perhaps even for Theranos, is that 23andMe seems to have survived the backlash. Unable to market its tests for health purposes, the company began using them for research, all while appealing to the FDA to reconsider. Now, 23andMe has announced a new $115 million round of funding, and at least one of its health tests has received FDA approval.
Theranos, no doubt, will use its substantial backing to fight the claims made by The Wall Street Journal, and work to convince the public and regulators that its technology, while still in its infancy, is more than just vaporware.
That's the good thing about raising $400 million. It can buy you a heckuva legal team.
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2019-04-26T10:26:53Z
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https://www.wired.com/2015/10/theranos-scandal-exposes-the-problem-with-techs-hype-cycle/
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Porn
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Business
| 0.45017 |
wired
|
The market is awash in wrist-worn digital tech. You can wear an Apple Watch, a Pebble, or one of many Android Wear offerings, all of which will put every last notification on your wrist. Your tweets, your faves, texts from your sweetie. You can wear a fitness band that will count your steps and tell you when to take a jog.
This watch is different. It will not nag you or interrupt your life, except to deliver perhaps the most important notification of all: It tells you when your local surf spot is going off.
The Ultratide ($300, available now) is the latest surf watch from Nixon. The company has a few other surf watches, including last year's excellent Supertide. But while all of those models will tell you which way the tides are moving, only the Ultratide grabs real-time data from Surfline and displays the current surf conditions at any beach of your choosing. And there's no better place to get your surf reports—Surfline has been watching the oceans for 30 years now, and delivers detailed local condition reports as well as 48-hour surf forecasts.
To get the watch working, you pair it with your phone over Bluetooth using Nixon's Ultratide app (iOS only, Android coming late 2015). From there, you can set it to track a few different spots. Surfline collects live data for over 2,700 locations around the world, so there's a very good chance your local break can be programmed into the watch. Even better, the smartphone app can geolocate you, so you can just get updates from the beach closest to you if you're island-hopping.
Current conditions are displayed on the watch's face at all times. The reports are detailed, too. You get tide status, wave height, wind direction and speed, swell direction, and the temperatures of both the air and the ocean. You also get Surfline's general assessment in a tidy one-word note, like "Fair" or "Good". I programmed two local spots into the watch, Ocean Beach and Bolinas Jetty, plus one in Hawaii. A button on the side of the watch lets you flip through your programmed locations and check the conditions. Your phone collects the up-to-the-minute reports and delivers the data to the watch, so at any time, you can also view more detailed reports inside the app.
As is typical for spring in the Bay Area, things rarely got above "Poor" at Ocean Beach. But that's where the alerts come in—you can program a notification to sound whenever your local spot is kicking. You can rely just on Surfline's one-word ratings (so it pings you whenever conditions are "Epic," for example) or you can set the watch to tell you whenever conditions are just to your liking. A particular wave height, a south swell, offshore winds. I asked the Ultratide to alert me whenever Ocean Beach was rated as "Good" or higher. It went off exactly once, in the middle of the night. Maybe I should move.
Once you've paddled out, you press another sequence of buttons on the watch, and it logs your session. If that session ended up happening on a particularly glassy and gorgeous day, the Ultratide can find out what the conditions report was for that hour you were in the water, then set up an alert that'll go off whenever the conditions at that location are similar. It's pretty smart.
It's also sharply designed. The Ultratide uses a battery like a regular watch, so charging isn't something you ever have to think about. The battery lasts at least one year, and to restore it, you ship it back to Nixon. The company will replace the battery for free and service all the gaskets to make sure the watch stays water-tight. The stainless steel case is smooth and classy, and the silicone band is extraordinarily soft and comfortable. Behind the buckle, there's a little nub on the strap that fastens into a hole on the looper, locking the strap into place. It never slips. This will come in handy when (not if) I get sucked over the falls.
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2019-04-24T00:16:49Z
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https://www.wired.com/2015/04/nixon-ultratide-watch/
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Porn
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Recreation
| 0.61953 |
fc2
|
In Conclusion, It Is Unquestionably Difficult To Stay Together With All Of The Latest Tricks And Tips Coming Out About California Vehicle Insurance!
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2019-04-26T02:51:57Z
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http://debbrarawleynet.blog.fc2.com/blog-date-201210.html
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Porn
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Shopping
| 0.174975 |
salon
|
NBC says physicist Steven Chu will be secretary of Energy, Lisa Jackson will head the EPA and Carol Browner will be energy czar.
President-elect Barack Obama has apparently settled on his energy and environment team.
NBC is reporting that physicist -- and Nobel Prize winner -- Steven Chu will be nominated to head the Department of Energy; Lisa Jackson, the former commissioner of New Jersey's Department of Environmental Protection, has been tapped for the Environmental Protection Agency and former EPA chief Carol Browner is set to become energy czar.
Chu has an impressive resume, and if he's confirmed he'll have what's certainly the strongest scientific background of any Energy secretary. Besides his Nobel, he's been working on renewable energy as director of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and has worked at the legendary Bell Labs and taught at Stanford.
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2019-04-19T02:32:52Z
|
https://www.salon.com/2008/12/10/obama_chu/
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Porn
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Science
| 0.592035 |
wordpress
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Fatal Frame is back in action with the fifth game in the series in a unique way on the Wii U. The Camera Obscura is controlled with the Gamepad and makes for an awesome experience…. too bad this was only a digital Demo and may never be released in physical form.
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2019-04-24T20:39:59Z
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https://slovakmountainman.wordpress.com/category/fatal-frame-maiden-of-black-water/
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Porn
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Games
| 0.682818 |
wordpress
|
The retired Met’ Detective Chief Inspector who took a photograph of Diane Abbott MP drinking a mojito on a train was disciplined and forced into early retirement because of his far-right wing posts on social media.
In 2016, DCI Mick Neville faced disciplinary action for homophobic comments and rants about “left-wing idiots” and migrants who have “turned London into a foreign city”.
Unluckily for Mr Neville, and the Sun and the Mail who tried to make something from this story, their plans have backfired spectacularly.
The story has only gone to make Diane Abbott more human and more popular in the public’s eyes.
Personally, I think obsessive strange men secretly taking photographs of women on trains is much more worrying than someone taking a little drink from a can on the way home from work.
This might be my most controversial blogpost yet. But truth hurts sometimes.
Antisemitism exists in the UK. Real, stomach-churning Holocaust denial, hatred for Jews so strong some people would literally see other people burn because of their race or religion.
Our investigation revealed that anti-semites almost always hate Muslims and people of other races and religions too, and that most anti-semites in the UK are on the Right and actually hate Jeremy Corbyn, not support him.
Of course, it’s not rocket science. Racists are racist, racism is racism.
An online petition calling to Revoke Article 50 and remain in the EU has blown past 3,000,000 signatures in over 24 hours of going viral. The petition website crashed repeatedly as it received its fastest number of signatures since its inception, alongside the millions of signatories coming back to stare at the figures in disbelief.
The backlash from the No Deal agitators came quickly: pointing out a fraction (~1%) of the signatures were apparently signed abroad (possibly from the 3m British expats or those on holiday), sneering at the “liberal elite” “Remoaners” who were trying to “steal democracy” and the moderates who were “betraying Brexit”.
A committee of the United Nations has recommended the UK government consider a complete ban on fracking.
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2019-04-22T14:10:48Z
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https://nearlydead.wordpress.com/
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Porn
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Society
| 0.352785 |
wordpress
|
Take a look on the newest, and probably the coolest video editing app for iPad!
By the time IDTV wraps for the season, Bennie Bell will have filled many different roles. You see, Bennie is not only one of our corresponding field hosts for IDTV this semester, he is also in the class. So far he has already served as a cameraman, and a good one at that, and by the time this is over he will have potentially also worn the hats of producer, editor, and sound guy. For a guy that already runs his own video production company, he feel that his experiences at City College of San Francisco will help him to advance his business, and his future plans of producing his own television show which he has already written. He doesn’t want to divulge much about the project quite yet, but he will say, “The hosting will be a big help,” as far as working with IDTV.
London, UK, 2nd March 2012 – Canon today announces the latest addition to its worldfamous EOS range with the launch of the new EOS 5D Mark III. The EOS 5D Mark IIIbuilds on the performance of the legendary EOS 5D Mark II, offering improved speed,greater resolution, enhanced processing power and extended creative options for bothstills and Full HD movies – providing unparalleled artistic freedom for the most demanding photographers.
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2019-04-24T15:02:12Z
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https://victorleivideo1633.wordpress.com/2012/03/
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Porn
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Business
| 0.874971 |
wordpress
|
Featured organizations | What Is Philanthropy?
The following organizations are featured in the documentary. Click on their logo to go to their web site where you can find information, donate to them, etc.
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2019-04-24T12:33:04Z
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https://whatisphilanthropy.wordpress.com/featured-organizations/
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.791543 |
wordpress
|
Crafting an FCIL research niche when you’re not labeled as an “FCIL Librarian” is something I’ve been thinking about lately, particularly in light of my FCIL research course being cancelled this semester due to low registration numbers. It got me thinking that teaching at a law school that doesn’t have many course offerings in the area of international law or many professors who are doing research in FCIL-related areas, it can take some active effort and some creativity to keep up my FCIL skills. To be honest, I sometimes consider whether trying to keep some focus on FCIL-related work is even something I should do as my responsibilities expand in other areas. Then I remember how much fun and how challenging I find FCIL research and remain determined to find some ways to stay connected to that interest area. So I thought I’d provide a few tips on staying connected to FCIL librarianship without being an FCIL librarian.
Share your interest with others. I had an interest in FCIL librarianship right out of law school, as I’d spent several semesters and a summer in law school as a research assistant to one of the international law scholars at William & Mary. Despite spending a significant amount of time conducting international law research (specifically international criminal law research) in law school, I didn’t feel qualified to apply for FCIL librarian positions out of law school, due to a lack of modern languages (Ancient Greek and Latin FTW!). But, when I started my first law librarian job at the University of South Carolina, I made sure my colleagues were aware of my research interests. This ultimately led to a number of opportunities, including being assigned to collection development in human rights law and international law; being assigned presentations in the area of international law; acting as the law library’s liaison to one of the law journals; and even just having students sent my way when other librarians received questions related to foreign or international law.
This has carried over to my current position. When students are writing a journal comment on a matter of foreign or international law, they are sent my way. I’ve also been assigned as the liaison to our few faculty members who do undertake international and foreign law projects occasionally.
Propose a course. This is something I was able to do at both South Carolina and at my current job at Texas Tech. At South Carolina, with a full first year teaching schedule, it was a summer session course. At Texas Tech, I taught it last spring to a wonderful group of students and now think it might be better off as an every-other-year course since we’re not an international-focused law school. But I’m also considering ways I might partner with the few professors here that do teach in the area of international and foreign law, perhaps by persuading them that incorporating a research project into their courses can help their courses meet the formative assessment or experiential learning requirements required by the ABA. There are always opportunities if you’re creative enough! You could also present to student groups with an interest/relation to FCIL.
Get involved in FCIL-SIS. Joining the FCIL-SIS and getting involved helped give me a well-reasoned excuse (as if I needed one!) to stay abreast of development in FCIL librarianship. Added bonus: the FCIL-SIS community will encourage you to get involved! I’d been kind of lingering on the fringes of the group for a few years when I attended my first FCIL-SIS Business Meeting at AALL 2015. Alison Shea basically said, “Hey! You should be the chair of the European Law Interest Group!” Before the meeting concluded, I was. Three years later, I co-chair the Publicity Committee, which allows me to keep my finger on the pulse of much of what’s going on in FCIL librarianship (and strongly encourage other newer librarians to get involved), and serve on the Advisory Board of the Index to Foreign Legal Periodicals. At first, it may seem intimidating to get involved with FCIL-SIS if you’re not labeled as an FCIL librarian (at least if you suffer from imposter syndrome like I sometimes do), but this group is comprised of librarians of every ilk, including a large number of people who not branded with an FCIL title. Writing a blog post for DipLawMatic Dialogues is one easy way to get your feet wet, so please feel free to contact me if you’re interested!
Volunteer for FCIL-Related Opportunities As They Come Up. I will soon have two FCIL-related writing projects to my name. Both were just opportunities that passed me by that I grabbed onto. The first, updating a GlobaLex article that was out of date, came along largely because of my first point, letting my then-boss, the author of the original article, know that I had an interest in international law. When the time came for update, he was busy and asked if I’d be interested in completing it. Yes, please! The second is a bibliography project where they needed chapters on foreign, comparative, and international law. I volunteered to do one or two of the chapters, and somehow ended up doing all three. Both projects allowed me to indulge my interest in foreign and international law and learn some new things.
So, if you, like the former me, are lingering on the fringes, are just someone who has an interest in FCIL without it being a part of your everyday job, are unsure of where you might fit into this group, I encourage you to jump on in! The water’s fine. The people are nice. You’ll learn new things. And there are opportunities for you here regardless of your title.
This entry was posted in Miscellaneous, new FCIL librarians, Research Instruction. Bookmark the permalink.
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2019-04-19T14:29:59Z
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https://fcilsis.wordpress.com/2018/01/16/crafting-an-fcil-research-niche-when-youre-not-an-fcil-librarian/
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.144923 |
absolutewrite
|
I've started several short story, probably good magazine length, pieces all involving the same people, with of course different people inserted depending on the tale. I thought I could put them all together into a book, but it would be hard to form it all together into a continuous story. I really want to have a regular 'column' sort of thing in a magazine. Each week or each month, a new story involving these characters and lives. This is usually done for real life people, like in local newspapers and such. People just sort of report on whatever is going on in their lives and make it into interesting enough reading to fill a column. Mine would be longer than column length; actual good meaty short story length. Any suggestions as to where to look for buyers?
If you are writing for the inspirational market, I urge you to get Sally Stuart's Christian Market Guide. Every periodical that publishes Christian material (and some in the secular market) are listed in this book. Sally's been putting her market guide together for years and no Christian writer should be without it.
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2019-04-19T05:05:15Z
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https://absolutewrite.com/forums/archive/index.php/t-14030.html?s=b611dc893ee098be22a9d2dfe6eaffa4
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.371818 |
tripod
|
Paleontolgists work tirelessly to uncover these ancient treasures of the past. Now it's your turn! Click on the link below to visit a virtual dig website..Follow the instructions on the site, working your way through all of the steps on this site. Don't forget to send me an e-mail when you have completed your dig. In your e-mail, share st least 2 new things that you have learned in completing this virtual fossil find.
Excavate your own fossil now!
In your science journal, list 5 new words that you learned from the "Virtual Dig" that you and your lab partner completed. Use your laptop to look up the definitions of these terms and then rewrite the meanings in your own words. Add illustrations to your definitions for even more credit.
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2019-04-19T18:51:53Z
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http://novsam4.tripod.com/funnybones/id4.html
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Porn
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Science
| 0.978439 |
blogs
|
Steven Taylor has posted The Toast-O-Meter (1/31/04 Edition), Steven's weekly assessment of the race for the Democratic presidential nomination. As always it is entertaining and worth your time.
CNN is carrying an Associated Press, report about a patient's clothes being set on fire by a defibrillator. According to the report, the fire was started from by a spark from the defibrillator when a paramedic tried to restart her heart in an ambulance.
The patient was pronounced dead at the hospital.
When you defibrillate a person, they are already dead.
Over 50 bloggers predicted Kerry would win. Because so many decided to trust the polls, I declare the winners to be those four bloggers who correctly predicted the entire order of finish for all seven candidates. Unfortunately none of the eight bloggers who correctly predicted Kerry's Iowa win got the New Hampshireresults completely right. The six that used the crystal balls again this week all picked Kerry again. Is that skill, luck or stubbornness?
Jonathan David Morris, at Radical Cowboys.
DrMabuse, at Return of the Reluctant.
Scott Harris (who left only his name).
All four correctly predicted Kerry, Dean, Clark, Edwards, Lieberman, Kucinich and Sharpton. Well Done!
Randy Balko, at The Agitator, one of last week's winners.
Pat Curley, at Brainster's Blog.
Me, right here at California Yankee.
Captain Ed, at Captain's Quarters.
John J. Miller, at The Corner.
Vincent Ferrari, at Insignificant Thoughts, one of last week's winners.
Mike Courtney, at Mike (and family) .
Robert Garcia Tagorda, at Priorities & Frivolities.
Bob Hegney, at Radical Cowboys.
Shaun Dale, at Upper Left.
Kevin Aylward, at Wizbang, one of last week's winners.
Professor Tun-Ying, of The Yin Blog.
Betsy Newmark, at Betsy's Page.
Erick, at Confessions Of A Political Junkie.
Jonah Goldberg, at The Corner.
Dave Kopel, at The Corner.
Daniel Drezner, one of last week's winners.
Hei Lun, at Duck Season.
Owen, at Boots and Sabers.
Robert Holcomb, at Bush Blog.
Kathryn Jean Lopez, at The Corner.
Carl, at Between the Coasts,.
Chip Griffin, at The Corner.
KJL, at The Corner. Is that two different predictions?
Mark A. Kilmer's Political Annotation.
Nick, at Anti-Climacus, one of last week's winners.
Joe Carter, at the evangelical outpost.
Tintin (who left only a name).
Myria, at It Can't Rain all The Time, paid too much attention to the signs.
PontifexExMachina, one of last week's winners, stuck with Kerry.
Three predicted that Dean would prevail.
The Commissar, at The Politburo Diktat, saw Clark winning it.
An honorable, or equivocating, mention goes to Atrios, at Eschaton, for predicting Kerry or Dean and Clark or Edwards.
In those 7 states there are 269 delegates at stake, more than 12 percent of the 2,162 needed for nomination. There were 45 delegates at stake in the Iowa caucuses and only 22 in New Hampshire.
Next Tuesday will offer a number of firsts. It will be the first mult-state contest. Next Tuesday will include the first contest in the South, South Carolina. Arizona and New Mexico will be the first contests in the West.
Democratic leaders hope to see a nominee emerge sometime over the next few weeks under this year's compressed primary schedule. Democratic National Committee Chairman Terry McAuliffe devised the front-loaded calendar to produce an early nominee.
Cross-posted at The Command Post.
I had to attend a conference Monday which kept me away from an internet connection until late Monday evening. I fretted that the lack of posting would translate into fewer hits than is normal for California Yankee. Imagine my surprise when yesterday was California Yankee's biggest day.
Apparently I owe the traffic to a link from Hugh Hewitt. Thanks to Hugh and a belated welcome to his readers!
All the blogging time I have had in the last 36 hours have been devoted to the More New Hampshire Predictions post. Based on the traffic, it seems all the effort was worth it.
CNN reports that a woman made it through airport security at New York's LaGuardia airport with stun gun and a knife in her purse.
After a layover in Detroit, on her way to Denver, she realized what she had in her purse and alerted a flight attendant. The plane was met at the gate by security personnel and the woman was taken into custody for questioning. She was released without charges.
Good thing the Woman wasn't an evil doer. Does anyone think anyone in the TSA will be disciplined for this breach? I'd like to think someone would be fired.
The blogosphere predictions for Tuesday's New Hampshire Primary are starting to be pulled from those crystal balls.
Nick, at Anti-Climacus, reserving his right to change his mind predicts Kerry, Clark, Edwards, Dean, Lieberman and Kucinich.
PontifexExMachina is sticking with Kerry.
Now for the rest of the blogosphere that is apparently beyond embarrassment.
I am certain it will be Kerry, Dean, Edwards, Clark and Lieberman.
Captain Ed, at Captain's Quarters predicts Kerry, Dean, Edwards and Clark.
KJL, at The Corner predicts an Iowa repeat Kerry, Edwards and Dean.
Professor Tun-Ying, of The Yin Blog predicts Kerry, Dean, Edwards, Clark, Lieberman and Sharpton.
Discount Blogger predicts Kerry, Edwards and Dean.
The Commissar, at The Politburo Diktat, predicts Clark, Kerry, Dean, Edwards and Lieberman.
Two readers left predictions in comments.
Scott Harris Predicts Kerry, Dean, Clark, Edwards, Lieberman, Kucinich and Sharpton.
Tintin predicts Kerry, Clark, Dean, Edwards, Lieberman and Kucinich.
UPDATE: Myria, at It Can't Rain all The Time, wasn't able to conduct another sign survey, but instead predicts Kerry, Lieberman, Dean, Edwards, Clark, Kucinich and Sharpton.
Via Michele, at The Command Post we learn of Chrisishardcore.com. Chris predicts Kerry,Dean, Edwards and Clark.
Kathryn Jean Lopez, at The Corner, predicts Kerry, Dean, Lieberman, Edwards and Clark.
Ryne McClaren also predicts Kerry, Dean, Edwards, Clark, Lieberman.
Brian, at Tomfoolery, predicts Kerry, Dean, Edwards, Lieberman, Clark, Kucinich, Sharpton.
Eric, at Viking Pundit, predicts Kerry, Dean, Edwards, Lieberman and Clark.
Joe Carter, at the evangelical outpost, predicts Kerry, Clark, Edwards and Dean.
Robert Holcomb, at Bush Blog, points out that eventual nominees have always placed first or second in New Hampshire. He predicts Dean, Kerry, Lieberman, Edwards and Clark.
Vincent Ferrari, at Insignificant Thoughts, predicts Kerry, Dean and Edwards.
Carl, at Between the Coasts, predicts Kerry, Edwards, Dean, Lieberman and Clark.
McGehee, at blogoSPERICS, predicts Kerry, Dean and Edwards.
Hugh Hewitt predicts a Dean victory.
Randy Balko, at The Agitator, predicts Kerry, Dean, Edwards, Clark and Lieberman.
Daniel Drezner predicts Kerry, Dean, Edwards, Lieberman and Clark.
Robert Garcia Tagorda, at Priorities & Frivolities, predicts Kerry, Dean, Edwards, Clark and Leiberman.
Professor Bainbridge predicts Kerry, Dean, Edwards, Clark and Lieberman.
Ipse Dixit predicts Dean, Edwards, Kerry, Lieberman and Clark.
Election Projection, predicts Kerry, Dean, Edwards, Clark, Lieberman, Kucinich and Sharpton.
Erick, at Confessions Of A Political Junkie, predicts Kerry, Dean, Edwards, Lieberman and Clark.
Robert, at GoDubya!, predicts Dean, Kerry, Edwards, Liebermanand Clark.
Mark A. Kilmer's Political Annotation predicts Kerry, Edwards, Dean, Clark and Lieberman.
Broken Masterpieces predicts Dean, Kerry, Edwards, Clark and Lieberman.
dailyKOS predicts Kerry, Dean, Edwards, Clark and Lieberman.
Joshua Harris, at Independent Thinker, predicts Kerry, Dean, Edwards, Clark, Lieberman, Kucinich and Sharpton.
Hei Lun, at Duck Season, predicts Dean, Kerry, Edwards, Lieberman and Clark.
Owen, at Boots and Sabers, predicts Kerry, Dean, Lieberman, Edwards, Clark, Kucinich and Sharpton.
Kirk McPike, at MindtheGap, predicts Kerry, Dean, Edwards or Lieberman, Clark, Sharpton and Kucinich.
Oliver Willis predicts Kerry, Edwards, Dean, Lieberman, Kucinich and Sharpton.
Atrios, atEschaton, predicts Kerry or Dean and Clark or Edwards.
Kevin, at Lean Left, predicts Kerry, Dean, Edwards and Clark.
DrMabuse, at Return of the Reluctant, predicts Kerry, Dean, Clark, Edwards, Lieberman, Kucinich and Sharpton.
Kevin Aylward, at Wizbang, predicts Kerry, Dean, Edwards, Clark and Lieberman.
Dave Kopel, at The Corner, predicts Dean, Kerry, Edwards, Liebermasn, Clark, Kucinich and Sharpton.
Jonah Goldberg, at The Corner, predicts Kerry, Dean, Edwards and Lieberman.
Chip Griffin, at The Corner, predicts Kerry, Edwards, Dean, Lieberman and Clark.
John J. Miller, at The Corner, predicts Kerry, Dean, Edwards, Clark, Lieberman and Kucinich.
Jonathan David Morris, at Radical Cowboys, predicts Kerry, Dean, Clark, Edwards, Lieberman, Kucinich and Sharpton.
Bob Hegney, at Radical Cowboys, predicts Kerry, Dean, Edwards, Clark, Lieberman, Kucinich and Sharpton.
Pat Curley, at Brainster's Blog, predicts Kerry, Dean, Edwards and Clark.
Matthew J. Stinson, predicts Kerry, Dean, Clark, Edwards and Lieberman.
Jeff Quinton, at Backcountry Conservative, predicts Kerry, Dean, and Edwards.
Brandon, at Tweezle.com, predicts Kerry, Dean, Edwards, Lieberman Clark and Kucinich.
Mike Courtney, at Mike (and family) , predicts Kerry, Dean, Edwards, Clark, Lieberman, Kucinich and Sharpton.
Betsy Newmark, at Betsy's Page, predicts Kerry, Dean, Edwards, Lieberman and Cark.
Via Dale Franks, at The Review, we learn that Mark Steyn predicts Kerry, Dean, Edwards, Lieberman and Clark.
Somehow I missed Shaun Dale's prediction at Upper Left. My apologies! Shaun predicts Kerry, Dean, Edwards and Clark.
NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory broke into cheers again as Mars exploration rover Opportunity landed safely on Mars. The Los Angeles Times reports Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger, on hand for the occasion, was presented with a broom to mark the clean sweep as he congratulated the controllers.
The first images from Opportunity were available just four hours after Opportunity's landing. The landscape at Opportunity's landing site was dark in color, much different from the Spirit landing site in Gusev Crater.
Space.com reported that Steve Squyres, Principal Investigator for the Mars Exploration Rover effort from Cornell University was hard pressed to describe what he is seeing in the first set of images.
"It looks like nothing that I’ve ever seen in my life. Holly smokes. I’ve got nothing else to say. I just want to look. I’ve got no words for this."
As Opportunity reached Mars, troubleshooting teams continue to work around-the-clock to get the Spirit Mars Exploration Rover back on line. It developed an apparent computer glitch on Wednesday.
According to the LA Times, progress has been made in troubleshooting Spirit's problem.
Contact with Spirit was reestablished overnight Friday. Spirit unexpectedly sent back data indicating that the problem lies in the craft's flash memory. Controllers are confident that the problem could be either repaired or circumvented. It may be three weeks before Spirit is traveling again.
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2019-04-23T22:36:13Z
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https://cayankee.blogs.com/cayankee/2004/01/index.html
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Porn
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Society
| 0.074227 |
american
|
Will AU accept my exam credits?
American University will accept a maximum of 30 credit hours from one or a combination of Advanced Placement (AP), International Baccalaureate, CLEP subject examinations, or other AU-approved test credit. All exam scores must be received by the American University Office of Admissions no later than the end of the second enrolled term. Exam scores more than six years old will not be accepted for credit. Advanced credit exams may be applied toward the major or minor, or as elective credit.
Eligibility to receive advanced credit for specific exams as well as course equivalencies are determined by American University faculty and are subject to change based on annual review.
Admitted students should check with their academic advisor for help understanding how credits earned by examination fit with their overall degree program.
Important: Any examination not listed under the appropriate academic year in which you are starting study at American University is not eligible for advanced standing. If you have taken an exam or exams which you would like to have considered for advanced standing, please follow the guidelines below. Please note that completion of this process is a recommendation only, and does not reflect any guarantee that advanced standing will be awarded even if you go through the entire translation process.
International Admissions will forward this information to our Registrar's Office, who in turn will share with the appropriate faculty member for review.
Translated syllabi must be received by the Admissions Office as soon as possible but no later than the end of your first semester.
Note: Due to lack of sufficient information for certain examinations, we may require the student to demonstrate proficiency through further testing in the subject area in order to receive credit.
All undergraduate students must complete the College Writing requirement, which normally consists of a two-course sequence, for a total of 6 credits. Incoming freshmen may satisfy the first College Writing requirement by scoring a 4 or 5 on the Advanced Placement English Language and Composition Test, the AP Capstone, or a 5 or higher on the Higher Level IB Exam. All students must also earn a grade of C or better in WRTG-106 or WRTG-132 to satisfy the second writing requirement.
More information on the College Writing and Mathematics requirements.
Finally, advanced credit exams may not be used to satisfy AU Core requirements. Advanced credit exams may still be applied toward the major or minor, or as elective credit.
More information on the AU Core Curriculum.
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2019-04-21T02:55:23Z
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https://american.edu/admissions/exam-credit.cfm
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.226795 |
typepad
|
Earlier this week I posted a picture of the Hotel Dartmouth, which is visible on the right side of this postcard. Dudley Station, designed by Albert Wadsworth Longfellow, built by the Boston Elevated Railway Company, and opened in 1901, no longer serves as a rail transit hub for streetcar lines and the elevated train. In the early 1990s the elevated station canopy was lowered and moved to its current location to provide shelter for bus passengers. If you look closely at the postcard you see the sign "J. S. Waterman & Sons Undertakers" painted on the side of the building. As of a few years ago one could still see the sign, faded, but visible.
Interior view of Dudley Street station Mainline Northbound platform-looking North. Click to enlarge.
I love the history of Boston and the towns within it. Seeing these old pics bring back memories. Sometimes change is good. But not alot of changes end up good. But without change, there would be no memories. Thank god for cameras to capture all of our memories.
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2019-04-22T20:04:56Z
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https://bostonhistory.typepad.com/notes_on_the_urban_condit/2006/09/dudley_station_.html
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.195478 |
wordpress
|
This video is of a new Kirk Whalum hit called Back in the Day! This song features Gerald Albright and Caleb tha Bridge. Caleb tha Bridge is a Gospel Rapper that raps doing this song. Well Caleb tha Bridge is my cousin Andre, who is the former Youth Pastor of World Overcomers in Memphis,Tennessee before moving away. Listen to the words and reflect on how great some of those memories were back in the day!
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2019-04-25T16:47:34Z
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https://midsouthblack.wordpress.com/tag/gerald-albright/
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Porn
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Arts
| 0.742131 |
wordpress
|
Dream bigger, y’all. Let’s amend this bill to abolish the congressional seats of Thomas Massie (Ky), Jason Chaffetz (Utah), Justin Amash (Mich.), Andy Biggs (Ariz.), Matt Gaetz (Fla.), Jody Hice (Ga.), Walter Jones (N.C.), and Raúl Labrador (Idaho). A small government’s better, right? Let’s agree we don’t need any of you.
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2019-04-23T14:04:12Z
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https://romiesays.wordpress.com/2017/02/07/we-dont-need-no-education/
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.425209 |
wordpress
|
The Pagan King (Latvian: Nameja gredzens – ‘Ring of Namejs‘, initially The King’s Ring) is a historical fiction action film directed by Aigars Grauba and co-written by Max Kinnings and Grauba.
Rocks in My Pockets (Latvian: Akmeņi manās kabatās) is a 2014 2D / 3D animated film written, produced, directed and animated by Signe Baumane. It was originally created in English and a Latvian version was thereafter translated and produced. The film is based on true events about five women of the filmmaker’s family, including herself, and their battles with depression and suicide. For the entire film, approximately 30,000 drawings were created.
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2019-04-18T20:43:55Z
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https://timespacewarps.wordpress.com/tag/latvia/
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Porn
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Arts
| 0.987886 |
livejournal
|
Oh, I'm so glad I'm not the only one! Let us know if you figure it out? Please??
V. happy I'm not the only one boggling.
La la la!!! It's for me to know and you to find out!
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2019-04-19T17:07:30Z
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https://mpoetess.livejournal.com/196379.html
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.169729 |
wordpress
|
When does my child have lunch?
Additional information may be found in the back of the Hexter Calendar.
In compliance with Local Dallas ISD policy, all students must follow the uniform dress code.
Students are required to wear a solid white or navy top. Shirts should have a collar and should be tucked in.
Students are required to wear solid khaki, navy blue, or black bottoms.
Female students may not wear shorts, skirts, or dresses that are shorter than fingertip length.
While inside the building, students may wear jackets, cardigans, and sweaters that are a solid uniform color. Emblems must be smaller than 1 inch.
Students should wear athletic shoes, loafers, or other closed-toe, closed-heel shoes.
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2019-04-20T09:05:25Z
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https://hexterpta.wordpress.com/faq/
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.746248 |
utoronto
|
Toronto : University of Toronto Press, c1986.
Modern drama scholarship and criticism 1966-1980 : an international bibliography / Charles A. Carpenter.
"Modern drama scholarship and criticism ... is supplemented regularly in the journal Modern Drama." - p. [xxvi].
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2019-04-22T13:16:59Z
|
https://search.library.utoronto.ca/details?500103&uuid=19d87d62-e3e3-4f24-b92e-f0ea42122aac
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Porn
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Arts
| 0.733971 |
wordpress
|
President Trump. Who would have thunk this could happen?
Of course, now that elections are over, there is even less to fear by bashing Islam and Muslims. Republican State Rep Jay Rodne represents the Snoqualmie 5th district…those who are not Muslims of course! He does not even regard us Muslims as being Americans in fact, he wants “America” (the non-Muslims of course) to solve the Muslim problem by getting guns.
Under the cover of the Paris slaughter, the bigots WILL show their patriotism by demanding that “Muzlems” and Islam…and “A-rabs” of course, be “stopped”. For those who are clueless about such code words, try to figure it out, how does one “Stop” a population of this country that is anywhere from 2 million to 4 million?
Ultra-Patriot Rep (R) Jay Rodne helpfully provides the answer by saying “Islam is incompatible with Western values … America, arm yourself“.
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2019-04-19T06:23:59Z
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https://penjihad.wordpress.com/tag/republican-party-against-muslims/
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Porn
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News
| 0.309651 |
ioffer
|
"Got the belt fast. The Gucci sign had bumps in it and it looks fake. Other than that is the Gucci sign looks not bumpy would’ve been good."
sabusalah - Dearborn, MI (11 Purchases) Is this review helpful? Thanks for your feedback!
"Love my sunglasses got exactly what I ordered. Perfect"
bangieb10 - Tamarac, FL (47 Purchases) Is this review helpful? Thanks for your feedback!
"Perfect Thks highly recommend!!! The shoes look original Thks"
"It was per expectations. Took very long to come but item good quality"
singhsonica - West Chicago, IL (57 Purchases) Is this review helpful? Thanks for your feedback!
"Commande réceptionné 3 mois après.. !! Mais satisfaite de l article commandé"
anon43254045 - France (52 Purchases) Is this review helpful? Thanks for your feedback!
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2019-04-24T03:57:20Z
|
https://www.ioffer.com/i/color-matching-wings-hollow-stiletto-women-s-high-heels-811444748
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Porn
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Shopping
| 0.994107 |
google
|
Serena and Colin take off on a pivotal trip marking the transition into adulthood in the best way they can think - 6 month of traveling around the world.
Join us on our adventure into the heart of old and new Europe where we'll be visiting castles in the UK and hanging with the extended family across the pond. We'll also be joining up with some new friends to motorcycle across Italy, staying in a little french village, touring the best of the Greek God's architecture from days past and taking in Oktoberfest at it's finest in Germany.
We'll depart Russia on the fabled Trans Siberian Railroad and trek through some of the most isolated and desolate lands on our way to Beijing China. After conquering the Great Wall of China, we'll jet-set over to the land of the rising sun. Historical samurai will clash head on with the futuristic city scape of downtown Tokyo set to the tune of energetic J-Pop music. Nothing spells paradise better than relaxing on a beach, and that's where we'll be headed next. Thailand offers some of the best beaches in South East Asia and it offers one more thing: a friend of the family's resort, where we'll be lazing away the days and nights.
We bring close to our journey by visiting a city that has more than one million people move in and out of every day for work, the number one most population dense city in the world and home to a few of Serena and my friends: Manila in the Philippines. We plan to see everything the city can offer, as well as take in some of the beautiful neighboring sites including a private resort and a lake in a volcano in a lake...yes, you read that right. We'll also be spending the holidays in Manila's +30 degree weather - we hope to put the presents under a palm tree. Shortly after spending New Years in the land of karaoke, we'll be heading home to cure our built up home sickness.
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2019-04-19T22:55:13Z
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https://sites.google.com/site/becktrek/Home
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Recreation
| 0.944352 |
wordpress
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There is only one place Alex prefers than the recording studio, the stage! Alex’s low, sultry voice has a unique sound, humbly compared to classic female rockers like Joan Jett and Pat Benatar. Alex is busy tearing up Canada sharing the stage with the likes of Kim Mitchell, Lou Gramm (Foreigner) & Honeymoon Suite rock’en her fans with her 6 piece band. Above expressing her edge through her emotional originals, Alex has a great time covering her favourite artists like Bon Jovi, Joan Jett, Stevie Nicks and many more!.
Alex has just released a new single “It’s Over” in May 2014. You can preview her new single on her site, along with her EP at http://www.alexryder.com or go to iTunes.
Subdued intro storms an instrumental passage featuring a stunning guitar line. Alex then smoulders into the first verse before hitting the very catchy chorus with great harmonies.Another brilliant guitar line follows.This is a top song and should be a hit.Alex Ryder has a very commercial, beautiful sounding voice.My song of the week !!!!
Acoustic based groover with a vocal hinting at the Pat Benatar influence.Great production again, featuring the trademark harmonies.
Another hit song which would sound brilliant live.Awesome guitar work again !!!
Bass and drums get to shine on this intro,then the song kicks into an uptempo rocker with yet another killer chorus.This is a KILLER BAND!!!.
Brilliant writing on this song featuring a tasty piano intro which makes you expect a ballad.But the full band punchy refrain dispels those ideas.Nice Light and shade verse and chorus and very good lyrics throughout.Jeez this Gal can sing.
You have to check Alex Ryder out now !!!!
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2019-04-24T04:02:23Z
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https://bestbandoftheday.wordpress.com/2014/05/30/614/
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Arts
| 0.782179 |
wordpress
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A while back, the two of us on this blog had planned out a comprehensive European vacation involving Italy, staying at Lake Como with day trips to Milan. We would come in via Spain (for the art museums) and leave via Vienna (I think this is what we decided; it could have been a couple of cities in Germany, but it was around there).
But now I really, really, REALLY want to go to Wales. I recently discovered that a friend from college, who is now teaching in Wales, actually lives within driving distance of Hay-on-Wye, which I think would be an excellent honeymoon spot.
I wonder how far in advance you have to book (haha) accommodations for the annual book festival at the beginning of June? Or perhaps I should keep to the off-season to avoid 80,000 other visitors?
If I ever get a sabbatical, ha ha, I want to spend time writing at St. Deiniol’s, a residential library. Yes. You live there. In the library. DO WANT! Although the library doesn’t specialize in my subject area, it would be a great place to write a lot, and read, reflect, rest, nap, and rejuvenate.
And while I’m over there, oh, I would like to see Cardiff, possibly also Glasgow and Edinburgh. I could just progress northward; these things are all pretty much in a line.
Do you dream of travel? Have you been any of these places? Where would you want to go?
ETA: #2 says… we did? I thought my fantasy vacation was just, “An eating tour of Italy. Oh, and we can stop in Spain and eat there too– I’ve eaten good food in Spain, and I’d like to see the Alhambra again.” I might have wanted to do the art museums at that time, but I finally did get to see the Prado. (I LOVE CONFERENCES. Don’t think I actually get to go to exotic locals for vacation… If only I had a bigger bursary…) I don’t remember Germany being on the list. German food is ok, but I’m not sure you have to go to Germany unless you’re really into beer. Of course, Germany may be preferable to Wisconsin in other ways… And I wouldn’t mind getting another street waffle in Luxemborg. I will remember that experience for the rest of my life. Bliss.
My two main joys in life are eating and reading novels. Vacation should include both! Preferably someplace with nice weather.
What do you think is most important in a vacation?
My husband and I had a rule that we would leave the country at least once per year. We’ve been to Thailand, Africa Twice, Australia, New Zealand, Europe (multiple times for work and pleasure).
We also both have/had global jobs, so we’ve been to Asia on business. I also lived in the UK for a year.
I love to travel. It’s definitely an area we splurge. We do more domestic travel now that we have two small kids.
Our MO has always been to go where the dollar is strong and we could get alot for then money. The second criteria is to visit friends so that you can get the local’s experience. I’d go see your buddy.
I like visiting friends. It makes traveling more relaxed and fun. Though I have visited most of them in their current locations…so I guess I’ll have to find a way to get them to move to new countries for some variety.
I am not in favor of resorts or cruises. They feel artificial…I want to get a bit more of a local experience. If I don’t get to hang out in a cafe/restaurant and eavesdrop on locals why did I leave home in the first place? Speaking the language is a definite plus.
I’ve never heard of the residential library. But now I want to go. Today!
Wow, Sandy, that’s amazing. We’ve only been to Europe and North America.
Rumpus– It’s funny… when we lived in a major city people always wanted to come visit us. Now that we’re living in the middle of nowhere, only parents visit. Well, #1 still gets a lot of visitors in her middle of nowhere… she must be more charismatic. Hey! Come to think of it, last time she visited us, it was in a major city. Last time we visited her, she was living in a different middle of nowhere. How does she do that?
Grace– Seriously! How awesome is it?
We love vacations although we usually just go to relax and have at least once experience we can’t get at home.
I did the international travel thing with my family as we moved around in my high school years (Holland and Argentina), so I’m not actually very interested in long airplane flights anymore.
Mr. BFS and I have been to Las Vegas three times, have taken 2 Caribbean cruises, and have done countless roadtrips to Louisiana, Austin, and San Antonio.
Your pictures make me rethink my plane flight travel policy though. :-) I want to stay at that residential library too!
I’ve noticed that my friends from graduate school that went into industry/government rather than academia do a LOT more traveling than we do, and for fun, not just for business (they make a lot more money too…). Sometimes I’m envious because the stories they tell are so funny, but then when I sit back and think about how the stories were not actually funny at the time they were happening I figure maybe our lack of travel other than to visit family and for conferences isn’t such a bad thing.
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2019-04-20T15:14:02Z
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https://nicoleandmaggie.wordpress.com/2010/08/05/fantasy-vacation/
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| 0.487318 |
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Following on from the success of the first collection of James Mitchell’s long-thought lost short stories about his classic Cold War secret agent David Callan, here’s comes a very welcome and unexpected surprise – a sequel! The diffident protagonist was created for television, thriving in the shape of the late Edward Woodward, but eventually also moved into the cinema and in print. Editor Mike Ripley thought he had collected all of the stories, but has subsequently found another 15 missing ‘files,’ which he has brought together with a pair of scripts by Mitchell for TV episodes that are currently missing believed wiped.
I submit this review for Bev’s Vintage Mystery Challenge.
His right hand flashed for the gun beneath the coat.
Like those contained in the previous volume, the stories were all written for the Sunday Express newspaper and first appeared in three batches of five between September 1970 and May 1972, predating those in the previous volume. They are tight, taut and short – on average about half or two-thirds the length of the later stories contained in the previous collection. The first five in particular, from 1970, are the briefest and so feel much more like concentrated vignettes. The ten stories from 1971 and 1972 are noticeably longer and the better for it, allowing better character development and more elaborate plots. None the less they all feel genuine, thanks to Mitchell’s memorable dialogue, especially in the exchanges between Callan and his smelly friend, Lonely, and a great ability to ring the changes in the espionage formula even in just a few thousand words. All of these stories could have been adapted for the TV show, which I think is a true testament to Mitchell’s professionalism and invention.
There are also maybe too many stories that begin with Hunter asking Callan if he finds a woman attractive before telling him why she has been assigned a file, though this is very nicely modified for File on a Friendly Lady from 1972, a tale about two American women Callan has to protect and who spend most of the story mocking him (until the men with guns show up of course).
Ripley has written a typically in-depth look at Callan in print and on-screen and you can read Uncovering Callan essay right here. For further details on Mitchell and the Callan books now in print, see the Ostara website. Thanks to Mike and Ostara for the review copy.
This entry was posted in Cold War, David Callan, Espionage, James Mitchell, Mike Ripley, Ostara Publishing and tagged Edward Woodward. Bookmark the permalink.
So nice that these stories have been re-discovered, and kudos to Ripley for putting them together. And to you for sharing them with us. I’m glad you found them, for the most part, enjoyable. And as always, Sergio, a fine, thoughtful and informed/informative review.
Thanks Margot – really enjoyed this set, a great companion to a great TV show.
Very interesting. Having enjoyed what I’ve seen of Callan so far, I’m quite interested in these stories (and scripts) so I’ll add this to the list.
Another fan in the making – excellent!
Definitely time to revisit Callan – thanks for the heads up on these!
Thanks Karen – the final novels in the series are due out from Ostara next year, according to Mike Ripley.
🙂 I guess they are!
Well, I’m a bit of a Russophile, so I better just be discreetly silent….
I have now watched one episode of Callan and have two more on the Netflix disc. First 3 episodes of Series 3. Series 3 and 4 are the only ones we can get on Netflix and I am not willing to pay the cost yet for the earlier two series. Maybe I will return there after seeing all the later episodes.
I like the idea of trying the novels and the short stories.
Another Callan fan – axcellent!!!
Sergio, I’m somewhat confused between James Mitchell’s short stories and novels (seven as you listed above) based on his character David Callan. I’m assuming some of his shorts were scripts written for the television episodes. I’m ignorant when novels overlap film and television.
The first, A Magnum for Schneider, was an expansion of the first TV script – the remaining 4 were original novels.
The 40 short stories collected in Callan Uncovered (2014) and Callan Uncovered 2 (2015) are all original and not based on the TV scripts.
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2019-04-19T18:32:46Z
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https://bloodymurder.wordpress.com/2015/06/07/callan-uncovered-2-by-james-mitchell/
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| 0.189584 |
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It was a carnival on the ice. From skating and sledding, to bear-baiting and puppet plays; from horse and coach races to gaming, gambling and lustier pleasures, there was something for everyone. Children went on donkey rides and men could have business cards made by printers who dragged their presses out onto the ice among the shop-tents that lined the frozen river. It was so cold that tree trunks split and merchants kept warm by lighting fires in their tents. It was the Frost Fair of 1788 on the Thames River in London, and it is where you will meet several of the ghosts of Ravencrest… in the flesh.
With the release of the omnibus edition of The Ghosts of Ravencrest: Darker Shadows just before Halloween, we realized that All Hallows’ Eve isn’t the only time rife with ghosts. Christmas is absolutely lousy with spirits, the most famous being Dickens’ Ghosts of Christmases Past, Present, and Future.
It’s no wonder, really. Christmas arrives in the dead of winter, as the old year is about die. It’s a single bright spot in a frozen wasteland. Nature sleeps. Plants and trees have lost their leaves and we value evergreens as signs of life and hope that once again, the earth will be reborn. There’s no green grass, nor wheat in the field. The days are short, the nights, long. By morning, hearths grow dark and cold, as do souls.
Christmas, in all its gaiety, with its songs and bright ornaments and feasts; with its candles and good cheer, is a light in the darkness. It tells us to have hope; it reminds us we are alive. But in the dead of winter, it does not totally assuage the fear that spring will not come, that plants will not resurrect.
In old England, Father Christmas came to visit and festivities went on for twelve days, culminating in January with Twelfth Night, where the Lord of Misrule reigned and sometimes servants traded places with gentry. The parties went on and on, lest winter invade and remind everyone that this is the true season of death. It had to be gotten through with as little loss as possible; it was too cold to dig graves so bodies were stacked, frozen, awaiting the spring thaw. You did not want to die, so you celerated life with the force of Christmas and Twelfth Night.
No celebration could quite wipe away the fear of winter. The fear of death. People gathered around fireplaces to tell the stories of the ghosts walking the halls and moors, always aware that they might one day walk with them.
In Ravencrest Manor, ghosts stories were whispered, often fearfully, because in 1788, the mansion was 300 years old and already held more than its share of lost souls. In the next special installment of The Ghosts of Ravencrest: A Ravencrest Christmas, you’ll come face to face with people you’ve already met as spirits, and you’ll discover clues to the mystery that is growing around Ravencrest’s new governess, Belinda Moorland.
A Ravencrest Christmas will be available in early December. Meanwhile, the third installment of our tale, The Ghosts of Ravencrest: Darker Shadows, is available at Amazon. This is an omnibus edition that also includes the first two installments, The New Governess and Awakening as well as the previously unreleased third installment, Darker Shadows, for the special low price of $2.99.
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2019-04-19T04:31:51Z
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https://thorneandcross.wordpress.com/category/historical-fiction/
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| 0.23846 |
salon
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Born a dozen years ago in the wake of a major tragedy, the Tribeca Film Festival finds its opening week this year tinged with trauma as well. Yes, the show will go on, with the glitz and the headlines more than a little subdued by the painful news from Boston – but what kind of show is it? Tribeca is now established as a cornerstone event of New York’s spring cultural season, but still lacks a clear role in the movie world’s ecology. It’s not a major market festival where films are bought and sold, in the vein of Cannes or Sundance, it’s not a Hollywood/Indiewood showcase, like Toronto, and it’s not a celebration of DIY or low-budget ingenuity, like South by Southwest. In part, Tribeca has always been a hometown festival for the Manhattan-centric indie film world, but that’s no longer the same hot concept it was in 2001, when Robert De Niro, Jane Rosenthal and Craig Hatkoff announced a new film festival aimed at getting downtown Manhattan back on its feet in the wake of 9/11.
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2019-04-19T18:17:14Z
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https://www.salon.com/2013/04/17/tribeca_film_festival_the_10_hottest_movies/
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| 0.922501 |
google
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KUBRICK NEWS (and in the News) - Kubrickian.org's chronological gathering of special events, news and relative links. Always a work in progress, noticeable missing links welcomed!
DEDICATED KUBRICK RESOURCES - websites, blogs, and social media that are dedicated to the Kubrick experience.
THE MILK BAR - various multi-media homages and tributes to Kubrick's life and/or works, mainly videos and audios.
BOOKS & ESSAYS - links to list of books and essay that can be found on the web and/or purchased at popular outlets.
SOUNDS OF KUBRICK MUSIC - a page dedicated to Kubrick's use of music in his films, ranging from pre-existing songs & classical pieces to scores commissioned by Kubrick.
KUBRICK QUOTES - Kubrick was infamous for making bold verbal and text statements in addition to his scripts and films. Check them out here.
BITS & PIECES - just like it sounds....findings related to SK that don't fit into the other subjects.
"You don't try to photograph the reality....you try to photograph the photograph of the reality."
~Jack Nicholson (Jack Torrance in Kubrick's "The Shining") recalls Kubrick talking about his methodology in "Stanley Kubrick - A Life in Pictures".
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2019-04-21T07:43:21Z
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https://sites.google.com/view/kubrickian/discovery
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| 0.517538 |
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We woke up this morning to about 3 or 4 inches more of fresh snow. I don’t think anyone was expecting it; I am almost not paying attention anymore. The only reason we have for caring is that when we are forewarned, we parked the cars in the driveway closer together and leave more room for the plow to do it’s work. Otherwise we have to clear most of the snow ourselves. This morning became a family shoveling event. The husband, Clare and I bundled up and went out to do the bulk of the work. Nick was slow to get out of bed and ended up finishing the job by himself. We were a bit peeved that he had not come out to join us so we left him the slushy mess that the town plows had left behind. Always my least favorite part of the job.
Then, the husband drove off to work and it was time for the kids and I to start our school day. It was a bit like pushing a chain up a hill to get them to focus. Nick fled upstairs to the his computer in the playroom. Clare and I decided to take a trek out to the unexplored world of the backyard. We pulled on snow pants, jackets, hats, gloves and boots and climbed out into the snow through the back door of the garage.
You know that expression, “trudging through the snow?” Well, when the snow is as deep as it is in our yard, trudging is about all you can do. With great effort we made our way into the woods and towards the cemetery that borders the back of our property. I had no idea that walking through that much snow could be so tiring. We stopped a few times along the way to catch our breath. Looby, our rat terrier, being much lighter than Clare and I, had much less of a problem getting around.
I know he was delighted to be outside and free to run around after being so confined as we were in the first week or two after the two feet of snow dumped by our second storm.
I know I have grumbled and complained about this winter’s weather and the abundance of white stuff that has fallen from the sky. But really, the woods around my house look magical blanketed in snow.
We made it to the cemetery and the dog ran about madly, most probably smelling the scent of the deer who take refuge there under the large hemlock trees.
I didn’t walk too far in this time. It felt wrong to be trampling on the snow covering the fallen headstones that are visible when the ground is bare. I snapped a few pictures and we headed back through the woods towards home.
There is more snow headed our way tomorrow and I have errands to run before I’m snowed in yet again. I think we are looking at our 6th snow event and it is still January. Dang.
~ by photobella on 25 January, 2011.
Follow me on my new Headshot page at @susan_p_photography!
Stop in and sign my Guest book!
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2019-04-24T12:41:20Z
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https://photobella.wordpress.com/2011/01/25/photo-of-the-day-a-walk-in-the-snowy-woods/
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livejournal
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I logged into my ff.net page to reply to a review, and I noticed that on my profile page, most of my hyperlinks were gone, and the one that somehow remained just linked back to my ff.net profile page instead of going to my fic journal like it was supposed to. Um.... I'm pretty sure I checked them way back when to make sure they worked properly, so is this just another way ff.net is stripping away functionality?
*Whispers* Time to branch out into more fertile ground.
Nah, I'm good here. I just need to focus.
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2019-04-22T20:17:19Z
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https://mellowcandle.livejournal.com/888876.html
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| 0.490966 |
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Can All Lawyers Just Admit The Wall Will Never Be Built Because Of The Fifth Amendment?
We’re fighting about something that will never be built, and every lawyer knows it.
Previous Post Will Law Students Turn Away From Government Jobs Thanks To The Shutdown?
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2019-04-21T00:10:01Z
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https://dorisphamus.wordpress.com/2019/01/10/can-all-lawyers-just-admit-the-wall-will-never-be-built-because-of-the-fifth-amendment/
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| 0.269127 |
edenfantasys
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I was reading the discussions on the Shock therapy kit that EF carries and someone had said something about not using the pads anywhere above the waist and not on the breasts or near them because of problems with "Screwing with the hearts natural rythms"....Or something to that affect.
Thanks for your responses in advanced!
I'm way too creeped out to use mine on my chest/back.
That's why I stick with my Neon Wand.
Bought it - pipedream (The little one for about $50.00) Was afraid of it until I tried it - LOVE IT!
I wouldn't worry about using it above the waist, I don't believe it would have a negative affect. If you have a pacemaker or something that would be bad, but in that case you should definitely not use it at all.
I am not sure but I am scared of it myself. Seems interesting but not sure I would follow through with using it if I bought it.
The concern is not to create a circuit across the heart.
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2019-04-21T02:31:53Z
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https://www.edenfantasys.com/sex-forum/using-sex-toys/how-to-techniques/electro-stimulation/
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Shopping
| 0.775139 |
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Pixar Canada anounced it’s shutdown yesterday.
You can read the full article on the subject here.
And with that there goes a great opportunity for all those creators out there who dreamed of working on Pixar projects. More than 100 people are now without a job. We must wish the best to all of them.
Here is an example of the excellent visuals they created.
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2019-04-20T11:00:51Z
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https://animestus.wordpress.com/tag/toy-story/
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| 0.341048 |
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So, here is what my struggles with the parable of the Laborers in the Field has taught me.
The unfairness we experience in life was part of the Great Plan of Happiness.
Everyone will get the opportunity to fully participate in the blessings of immortality and eternal life.
Some will get this wonderful opportunity early, some late.
Regardless of the timing of our access to this great gift, we all the equal opportunity to the same reward — the chance to live with God again.
Rather than focus on the reward in this parable, what I learned, from my decade’s long debate with a difficult parable, is that those of us who are blessed to labor in the field should enjoy the experience. We don’t need to worry about living without hope. But, by being part of that labor force means we will have to work. To me, this means we will be subject to challenging commandments and high expectations that can, at times be a burden –a burden similar to laboring in a field all day long.
Yet this burden of Church membership can be the source of our hope. I feel that being a covenant people means we are yoked with Christ. To me, this means we need to strive to do our best not for a greater reward, rather because our willingness to be so yoked gives us hope now and later.
We have been blessed with a clarity of purpose being laborers in the field. So, when others come to the fields to assist, we should rejoice that they now labor along with us with the same hope with which we have been blessed. The work of salvation is not a contest.
I have learned that to truly develop the mindset that Christ is promoting in this parable, I need to be more tolerant of others. I need to believe that regardless of what people have done, there is always hope. I need to internalize that the enabling power of the atonement and the fact that Christ answered the very end of law by suffering for all sins that we might not suffer, means there is no sin any of us can commit which can exclude us from eternal life. We all need hope.
This parable taught me that hope and happiness are found is taking full advantage of working in the field as best we can and welcoming those who join with us regardless of their timing. God loves all His children perfectly and sent Christ to provide all His children that hope to which we now have access.
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2019-04-26T13:48:46Z
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https://provlivingoq4.wordpress.com/2015/07/19/it-is-all-about-hope/
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KAVRE: Farmers in Mahadevsthan, Patalekhet and Nayagaun villages of Kavre have greatly benefited after the villages were mooted as ‘smart villages’ months back as part of a pilot project launched by the Centre for Environmental and Agriculture Policy Research Extension and Development.
In view of the degrading environment due to climate change, CEAPRED with the assistance of ICIMOD had selected the villages as ‘smart villages’ back in June and had trained farmers to adopt organic farming and tap on modern technology to acquire and share necessary information related to their occupation.
According to project coordinator Arjun Khanal, the project has done well in the villages. “With the project’s implementation, local farmers have started using manure instead of chemical fertilisers and herbal remedies prepared at home instead of pesticides.
Besides, farmers have also learnt to use modern communication and information technology to gather information about different issues related to agriculture, including sale and marketing of their produce,” Khanal said, adding, the farmers get information about diseases in their crops and livestock through text messages in their phones.
“The concept has not only decreased production cost but also increased sales as the crops are now organic,” said Khanal. “Locals have become aware that we can produce and earn more than before without damaging the environment,” said local farmer Kamal Timalsina of Patalekhet.
“As the project has succeeded here, we’ll take it to other villages in the district soon,” Khanal said.
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2019-04-23T13:53:58Z
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https://worldorganicnews.wordpress.com/2015/01/06/smart-village-project-in-kavre-a-success-story/
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Crossfit Fade will be open October 1st, 2014! Come check us out at 800 W. Lawrence Ave, Charlotte, MI 48813 – located inside Alive. Memberships Available starting September 1st, 2014. Go to sign up and rates in the menu bar for instructions on how to join. Thanks!
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2019-04-23T09:03:42Z
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https://crossfitfade.wordpress.com/2014/08/
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| 0.563537 |
wordpress
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If you’ve been following my blogs, or if you know research on tutoring, you know that tutoring is hugely beneficial to the students who receive it. Recent research in both reading and math is finding important impacts of forms of tutoring that are much less expensive and scalable than the one-to-one tutoring by certified teachers that was once dominant. A review of research my colleagues and I did on effective programs for struggling readers found a mean effect size of +0.29 for one-to-small group tutoring provided by teaching assistants, across six studies of five programs involving grades K-5 (Inns, Lake, Pellegrini, & Slavin, 2018). Looking across the whole tutoring literature, in math as well as reading, positive outcomes of less expensive forms of tutoring are reliable and robust.
My focus today, however, is not on children who receive tutoring. It’s on all the other children. How does tutoring for the one third to one half of students in typical Title I schools who struggle in reading or math benefit the remaining students who were doing fine?
Imagine that Title I elementary schools had an average of three teaching assistants providing one-to-four tutoring in 7 daily sessions. This would enable them to serve 84 students each day, or perhaps 252 over the course of the year. Here is how this could benefit all children.
Teachers justifiably complain about the difficulty of teaching highly diverse classes. Historically, they have dealt with diversity, especially in reading, by assigning students to top, middle, and low ability groups, so that they can provide appropriate levels of instruction for each group. Managing multiple ability groups is very difficult, because two-thirds of the class has to do seatwork (paper or digital) during follow-up time, while the teacher is working with another reading group. The seatwork cannot be challenging, because if it were, students would be asking questions, and the whole purpose of this seatwork is to keep students quiet so the teacher can teach a reading group. As a result, kids do what they do when they are bored and the teacher is occupied. It’s not pretty.
Sufficient high-quality one-to-four reading tutoring could add an effect size of at least +0.29 to the reading performance of every student in the low reading group. The goal would be to move the entire low group to virtual equality with the middle group. So some low achievers might need more and some less tutoring, and a few might need one-to-one tutoring rather than one-to-four. If the low and middle reading groups could be made similar in reading performance, teachers could dispense with within-class grouping entirely, and teach the whole class as one “reading group.” Eliminating seatwork, this would give every reading class three times as much valuable instructional time. This would be likely to benefit learning for students in the (former) middle and high groups directly (due to more high quality teaching), as well as taking a lot of stress off of the teacher, making the classroom more efficient and pleasant for all.
Ask any teacher who are the students who are most likely to act out in his or her class. It’s the low achievers. How could it be otherwise? Low achievers take daily blows to their self-esteem, and need to assert themselves in areas other than academics. One such “Plan B” for low achievers is misbehavior. If all students were succeeding in reading and math, improvements in behavior seem very likely. This would benefit all. I remember that my own very well-behaved daughter frequently came home from school very upset because other students misbehaved and got in trouble for it. Improved behavior due to greater success for low achievers would be beneficial to struggling readers themselves, but also to their classmates.
Improved outcomes in other subjects.
Most struggling students have problems in reading and math, and these are the only subjects in which tutoring is ever provided. Yet students who struggle in reading or math are likely to also have trouble in science, social studies, and other subjects, and these problems are likely to disrupt teaching and learning in those subjects as well. If all could succeed in reading and math, this would surely have an impact on other subjects, for non-struggling as well as struggling students.
Contributing to the teacher pipeline.
In the plan I’ve discussed previously, teaching assistants providing tutoring would mostly be ones with Bachelor’s degrees but not teaching certificates. These tutors would provide an ideal source of candidates for accelerated certification programs. Tutors who have apparent potential could be invited to enroll in such programs. The teachers developed in this way would be a benefit to all schools and all students in the district. This aspect would be of particular value in inner city or rural areas that rely on teachers who grew up nearby and have roots in the area, as these districts usually have trouble attracting and maintaining outsiders.
Reducing special education and retention.
A likely outcome of successful tutoring would be to reduce retentions and special education placements. This would be of great benefit to the students not retained or not sent to special education, but also to the school as a whole, which would save a great deal of money.
Ultimately, I think every teacher, every student, and every parent would love to see every low reading group improve in performance enough to eliminate the need for reading groups. The process to get to this happy state of affairs is straightforward and likely to succeed wherever it is tried. Wouldn’t a whole school and a whole school system full of success be a great thing for all students, not just the low achievers?
Two Years of Second Grade? Really?
In a recent blog, Mike Petrilli, President of the Fordham Institute, floated an interesting idea. Given the large numbers of students in high-poverty schools who finish elementary school far behind, what if we gave them all a second year of second grade? (he calls it “2.5”). This, he says, would give disadvantaged schools another year to catch kids up, without all the shame and fuss of retaining them.
At one level, I love this idea, but not on its merits. One more year of second grade would cost school districts or states the national average per-pupil cost of $11,400. So would I like to have $11,400 more for every child in a school district serving many disadvantaged students? You betcha. But another year of second grade is not in the top hundred things I’d do with it.
Just to give you an idea of what we’re talking about, my state, Maryland, has about 900,000 students in grades K-12. Adding a year of second grade for all of them would cost about $10,260,000,000. If half of them are, say, in Title 1 schools (one indicator of high poverty), that’s roughly $5 billion and change. Thanks, Mike! To be fair, this $5 billion would be spent over a 12-year period, as students go through year 2.5, so let’s say only a half billion a year.
What could Maryland’s schools do with a half billion dollars a year? Actually, I wrote them a plan, arguing that if Maryland were realistically planning to ensure the success of every child on that state tests, they could do it, but it would not be cheap.
What Maryland, or any state, could do with serious money would be to spend it on proven programs, especially for struggling learners. As one example, consider tutoring. The well-known Reading Recovery program, for instance, uses a very well-trained tutor working one-to-one with a struggling first grader for about 16 weeks. The cost was estimated by Hollands et al. (2016) at roughly $4600. So Petrilli’s second grade offer could be traded for about three years of tutoring, not just for struggling first graders, but for every single student in a high-poverty school. And there are much less expensive forms of tutoring. It would be easy to figure out how every single student in, say, Baltimore, could receive tutoring every single year of elementary school using paraprofessionals and small groups for students with less serious problems and one-to-one tutoring for those with more serious problems (see Slavin, Inns, & Pellegrini, 2018).
Our Evidence for ESSA website lists many proven, highly effective approaches in reading and math. These are all ready to go; the only reason that they are not universally used is that they cost money, or so I assume. And not that much money, in the grand scheme of things.
I don’t understand why, even in this thought experiment, Mike Petrili is unwilling to consider the possibility of spending serious money on programs and practices that have actually been proven to work. But in case anyone wants to follow up on his idea, or at least pilot it in Maryland, please mail me $5 billion, and I will make certain that every student in every high-poverty school in the state does in fact reach the end of elementary school performing at or near grade level. Just don’t expect to see double when you check in on our second graders.
Hollands, F. M., Kieffer, M. J., Shand, R., Pan, Y., Cheng, H., & Levin, H. M. (2016). Cost-effectiveness analysis of early reading programs: A demonstration with recommendations for future research. Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness, 9(1), 30-53.
Slavin, R. E., Inns, A., Pellegrini, M. & Lake (2018). Response to proven instruction (RTPI): Enabling struggling learners. Submitted for publication.
Is it possible to legislate reading proficiency? An increasing number of states seem to think so. A recent article in the New York Times reported on laws in effect in 14 states (so far) requiring that third graders be reading at grade level or be retained. The article was about a six-week summer school program in Charlotte-Mecklenburg, North Carolina, for students at risk for retention. About 1,500 third graders are taking summer school, or one in eight of Charlotte’s third grade population.
The problem of education reform is not a lack of good ideas, but a lack of good ideas sensibly implemented. Ensuring that virtually all children read by third grade is an essential and attainable goal. Reading by third grade is indeed a key predictor of high school graduation. I understand and sympathize with the state legislators who passed these laws. They were justifiably impatient with the continuing failure of school systems to solve the early reading problem. Sad to say, however, the strategies being used in the states with mandatory retention laws are misguided.
First, as the article notes, most of the summer school children are far behind, and six weeks of summer school will not bring them to grade level. Every educator knows that the struggling children needed help from pre-kindergarten to grade 3, not just summer school at the end of three years of failure. Other than Florida, the original mandatory retention state, other states have provided few resources to help children meet the standards for promotion.
Second, retention is rarely an effective or necessary policy. It looks good for a while because the retained children are a year older than their (new) classmates. For example, a ten-year-old in fourth grade immediately gains in apparent performance if transferred to the third grade — the score doesn’t change, but the reference group does. However, these apparent benefits wear off in a few years. This result has been found in many studies over the years, and the article reported that Florida, which has had a mandatory retention policy since 2002, reported retained children performing better than similar (but younger) non-retained children for several years, but by eighth grade the differences had faded away.
Third, both summer school and retention are incredibly expensive solutions. Retention means giving children one more year of elementary school, at a cost of roughly $10,000 per child, using national average per-pupil costs. Summer school is also an expensive solution, as it requires six more weeks to employ teachers and keep schools open. Further, the evidence for the effectiveness of summer school is weak.
Finally, and most importantly, there are much more effective strategies for ensuring that virtually all children are reading by third grade. In fact, I counted 28 separate elementary reading programs with data accepted by the What Works Clearinghouse. These programs all meet the U. S. Department of Education’s EDGAR standards for “strong” or “moderate” evidence of effectiveness. All are being actively disseminated today. The programs include one-to-one tutoring by teachers or paraprofessionals, one-to-small-group programs, classroom programs, technology approaches, and whole-school reform approaches, including our Success for All program. There were no summer school or after school programs that made the list.
Besides their evidence of effectiveness, these approaches have several important benefits. They are designed to be replicated and are ready to go. Also, they use staff already in the school, which both adds greatly to cost-effectiveness and improves the skills of the participating staff for all aspects of their jobs.
Amazingly, there are states during difficult economic times that are willing to spend an additional $10,000 per child to retain thousands of children, not to mention costs of summer school and other last-minute remediation. Wouldn’t it make more sense to use these resources instead on proven and replicable approaches that could actually solve the problem on a scale that would matter? Early reading is perhaps the one area in which proven programs of all sorts are most available. Given the well-founded concern about third grade reading, you’d imagine that policymakers would be rushing to implement proven approaches. But the reality is otherwise.
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2019-04-25T16:23:30Z
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https://robertslavinsblog.wordpress.com/tag/retention/
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Kids
| 0.151873 |
yahoo
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The Cleveland Cavaliers are malfunctioning, and while trades alone won’t fix what’s broken, they couldn’t hurt a roster whose coach openly and players anonymously admit needs a serious shakeup.
Whether any potential deals are actually worth it for the Cavs — a team increasingly challenged in the Eastern Conference, let alone against the Golden State Warriors — or their prospective partners is, of course, a matter of debate. Still, we came up with a handful of ideas that would help flip the switch.
• For Cleveland: The motivation is obvious. Replacing the much-maligned Love and still-recuperating Thomas with two All-Star-caliber players would do wonders for a defense that is a fraction of a point from being the NBA’s worst, even if an almost 33-year-old Gasol is no longer the All-NBA/All-Defensive player he once was and the 30-year-old Conley’s latest injury (a sore left Achilles) has kept him out since mid-November. Pair them with LeBron James, and Grit ‘n’ Grind suddenly takes on new meaning.
• For Cleveland: As reported last week by Marc Stein of The New York Times, the Cavs see two-time All-Defensive First-Teamer Jordan as just the sort of “elite rim protector and rebounder” they need to clean up the messes created by their turnstile perimeter defenders. Williams, whose thrilling bid for a surprise All-Star berth came up short, would help revive what’s quietly been a bottom-10 offense over the past month by providing what Cleveland hoped Thomas would: instant scoring, dangerous pull-up shooting and supplementary playmaking to lighten LeBron’s load.
• For Cleveland: The Cavs reportedly “checked in” on Walker after Charlotte put him on the trade block. The 6-foot-1, 170-pound Walker isn’t exactly a lockdown defender, but he’d be an upgrade over what the Cavs trot out at the point of attack now, while bringing the mix of pick-and-roll playmaking and 3-point shooting, both on and off the ball, that Cleveland’s been missing. (He’s also locked up for next year on a bargain contract, ensuring you’ve got one more high-level, likable player around should LeBron decide to leave this summer.) Williams is exactly the kind of floor-spacing forward who tends to thrive alongside LeBron. He also plays defense, which is nice.
• For Cleveland: As first reported by Yahoo Sports’ Shams Charania and subsequently confirmed by multiple sources, the Cavs see Hill as a big, versatile guard who would provide an immediate defensive upgrade, who can shoot the lights out off the ball, and who’d benefit from a change of scenery that puts him back in playoff contention. Temple’s a big wing who can defend multiple positions, handle the ball and, on rare occasions, go off. Koufos won’t wow you, but he’s a solid, active, smart positional defender who rebounds well. This might not raise Cleveland’s ceiling as much as some of the other deals on the board, but it’d elevate their floor.
• For Cleveland: We’re a few weeks removed from reports that Cleveland had kicked the tires on Favors, but he still makes sense as an efficient finisher and damn good interior deterrent. Hood’s battled with injuries over the years and has had an up-and-down season in Utah, but he’s a legit scorer and complementary playmaker who could fit into a couple of different slots in Cleveland’s perimeter rotation and help buoy a flagging Cavs offense.
None of these deals may be enough to catch the Warriors (or Houston Rockets or anybody else out West), and surely there are more that could bolster the Cavs’ chances in the East — like their reported interest in Atlanta Hawks wing Kent Bazemore — but these might be their best options, so long as any opponent is willing to help bail out a Cavaliers team desperate to keep LeBron in Ohio and so long as Cleveland is willing to wager future assets on the odds of another Finals run helping in that regard.
Speaking of which, here’s another deal that could serve both the present and future: Ship J.R. Smith and Cleveland’s 2021 first-round pick to the Nets for Spencer Dinwiddie — one of the more intriguing “sell high” candidates of this year’s deadline — and resurgent swingman DeMarre Carroll, bolstering the Cavs’ depth now and the odds that their first-rounder from Brooklyn falls into the top five later.
That might be the sound of one last general manager hanging up the phone on Cavs GM Koby Altman.
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2019-04-23T18:48:25Z
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https://sports.yahoo.com/6-trades-really-help-lebron-james-cavaliers-flip-switch-000435919.html
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| 0.170247 |
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– Write a comment on my blog Skinnycature or on my Facebook fanpage with “done” and don’t forget to also include your email address and how you’ve entered the giveaway.
*no cash disbursement and/or an replacement of the prizes is possible, recourse to the courts is not permitted.
as you are the winners of Skinnycature’s June Beauty Giveaway!
I wish you the best Friday ever!
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2019-04-25T10:01:57Z
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https://skinnycature.wordpress.com/2013/06/07/june-beauty-giweaways-win-win-win/
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| 0.730152 |
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During the off season of the Chelsea galleries in New York, Art lovers from all parts flock to the lineup of summer exhibitions at the big museums. The program for this summer is nothing to scoff at – the Met boasts a Richard Serra Drawing Retrospective and Alexander McQueen exhibition that have museum-goers queuing up, while MoMA shows off Graphic Impulse, an impressive show of German Expressionism that has been a big hit. The hype from Graphic Impulse may pull attention away from another gem currently on view at MoMA; an exhibition entitled Francis Alÿs: A Story of Deception.
The title of the show couldn’t be more appropriate. Alÿs’s work is indeed deceptive, presenting itself with the aura of being serious and relevant in a deadpan fashion but leaving you with a measure of skepticism about its sincerity. It is a puzzling yet provocative experience of artistic semantics that is not unlike an essay by the Post-modernist philosopher Jean Baudrillard.
Hailing from Belgium originally, Alÿs came to Mexico City in the 80’s as an architect seeking work after 1985 earthquake. His choice to reside in Mexico clearly left an impression on him as a young artist, exposure to ideas of crisis, provocation, satire, and social constructs formed the foundation of his conceptual practice. Known for working in a variety of formats, this survey features a mixture of drawings, small paintings, short films and projection installations done mostly after 1990. Walking into the exhibition the viewer is overloaded with work – there is no easing into Francis Alÿs.
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2019-04-23T12:37:30Z
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https://artrated.wordpress.com/2011/07/
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Arts
| 0.984725 |
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CAROL LIN, CNN ANCHOR: We have a report, a breaking news story, Leon, that�s just come in to the CNN center. According to the Associated Press, all three concourses at Denver International Airport are being cleared this morning following some sort of security breach. According to the wire that I�m looking at right now, passengers are being returned to the main terminal.
If you�ve ever been in DIA, you know that it stretches for miles on out with the main terminal as its center. Passengers are being returned to the main terminal, so they can be rescreened. The lines at the security check-ins are snaking through the terminal as we speak. A woman, apparently, passed through the security check-in without being screened shortly around 7 a.m. local time up there.
So a lot of chaos happening at a very big airport here in the country. We're going to keep you posted if it�s any more serious than that.
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2019-04-25T08:49:38Z
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http://edition.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0208/26/bn.04.html
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News
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wordpress
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Today two new spooky, scary, creepy Halloween stories to listen to.
A man decides to visit a haunted house against the advice of his friend.
Halloween countdown Day 2! Two new spooky podcasts by S.E. Schlosser. Have fun see you tomorrow, Milou!
The spirit of Bloody Mary returns to claim the lives of those saying her name in front of a darkened mirror.
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2019-04-20T08:31:53Z
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https://poetry4kids.wordpress.com/tag/free-halloween-podcast-for-kids/
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Porn
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wordpress
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It was one of my favorite quotes from Mr. Winston Churchill.
It said that where ever you are, what ever you do, you have to keep moving on, never stop trying, never giving up. Until you achieve what you’re looking for.
Not only when we’re in the bad situation that we have to move on and find a beter life, but even when we are in the comfortable zone, we have to keep moving. Life is a journey. So, let’s keep going.
There were several times that I sat down with some friends, and we started to talked about our job.
Each of us seems trying so say how desperate our worklife, because of boss, because of salary, because of responsibility that not as expected. But somehow here we are, still there.
Do we have the courage to move from where we are, if we are not happy with what we have in our plates.
It’s our choice after all. If we choose to stay where we are now, than we have to get ourselves adapted. Find ways to make our life easier, and make other people’s life aswell.
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2019-04-26T15:45:10Z
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https://yurikofeliciani.wordpress.com/2013/02/27/if-youre-going-through-hell-keep-going-winston-churchill/
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| 0.838137 |
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We’re very excited to have our first Teen Advisory Board!
and plan library activities they want to do!
Come into the library to sign up!
Visit our website here to find out more!
Find us HERE on Facebook!
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2019-04-18T16:52:19Z
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https://blueearthlibrary.wordpress.com/teens-2/t-a-b-teen-advisory-board/
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Recreation
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I want you to picture a girl.
Not me, a different girl.
A girl who wants to be a rock n roll star.
Day 1 and she’s lost.
Her phone has just died and she is currently walking in circles, passing the same Greggs and the same Debenhams, carrying a guitar on her back and frantically trying to keep the feeling in her fingers and toes as she pathetically attempts to find the Theatre Deli. After 30 minutes she realises the Theatre is in fact the quirky café she’s walked past about 6 times and she arrives at her destination, numb and shivering to be welcomed warmly by Drunken Chorus’s Chris.
This girl then meets the lovely Alex Kelly who shares with her his thoughts on her previous scratch performance at DRUNKEN NIGHTS IV and Day 1 is mostly spent drinking coffee and hot chocolate and discussing how she want to develop her autobiographical solo show. There is talk of Liam Gallagher, Dad Dancing, music interests, the difficulties of playing the guitar and bad renditions of ‘Wonderwall’. This girl, the girl who wants to be a rock n roll star then leave to catch her train back to Preston, feeling confident and excited for the week ahead.
A girl who wanted to be a Pokemon trainer.
A girl who wanted to be Motocross Rider.
She has been trying to teach herself how to play guitar for 4 years now.
The second day mainly consists of this girl recollecting old memories and aspirations as she maps out here life in a timeline onto the wall. She tries to remember what she wanted to be when she was 14 years old and what she might have been listening to when she was only 3 years old. There is then an exchange of high school memories and listing all the things she and her friend’s online friends can’t learn to do.
“You can’t play the guitar”.
This girl, the girl who wants to be a rock n roll star then spends the rest of the day translating her life onto paper, creating the autobiographical skeleton for her performance.
It is February 2016, she is 20 years old and she can’t play the guitar.
Once all the material has been created they begin to experiment with different arrangements. Should she begin as Liam Gallagher and end as herself or begin as Liam and end as Liam? Alex helps her realise that the right structure will help her to communicate what she wants to communicate to the audience.
She created the piece as it was to express herself without having to be overly personal, without having to address herself. She has always had a fear for opening up onstage and Liam Gallagher acts as her vehicle to calm the nerves, to regain that confidence as his extroverted personality contrasts with her introverted one. She finishes the day thanking him and looking forward to the last day of developing.
“Picture her writing her very first song, picture her playing at her very first open mic”.
The final day consists of awkward guitar strumming and Liam Gallagher impersonation. The girl and Sheena decide on a structure for piece and this girl, the girl who wants to be a rock n roll star is able to run the show in full. Needless to say the Development week has definitely been of much help to her and certainly has been a success. She has a piece and now she just has 2,500 words to learn…Bring it on.
Thanks to Drunken Chorus and Alexander Kelly!
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2019-04-25T12:44:13Z
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https://drunkennightsblog.wordpress.com/artist-blog/artists-diary-paige-stillwell/
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Porn
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Arts
| 0.965268 |
tripod
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The weather for the 2011 show was perfect, with temps on Friday in the lower 80's and in the upper 70's Saturday and Sunday and little or no wind. A very few sprinkles on Sunday but nothing to worry about.
Nearly 170 tractors and trucks plus many other steam engines, threshers, plows, etc. pertaining to this years feature of Twin City, Minneapolis, Minneapolis Moline, Moline Universal and Bull Tractor Co. The Feature Building was very well arranged with 2 big 35-70 Minneapolis tractors greeting visitors as they entered the building.
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2019-04-25T10:08:35Z
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http://twincitytractors.tripod.com/2011feature.html
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Porn
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| 0.620317 |
american
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Knowledge Comes Alive | American Magazine | American University, Washington, D.C.
American University is distinguished in its capacity to turn ideas into action through hands-on learning opportunities. Students are encouraged to take advantage of resources around DC, the university, and the world; of committed faculty; and of an engaged network of alumni. Yet not all are able to participate. Some internships are unpaid, others offer minimal salary. Many experiences require out-of-pocket spending for travel and other expenses. AU is gearing up to launch an ambitious initiative to ensure equity of access to all who wish to participate in internships, research, study abroad, alternative breaks, and other experiential learning opportunities.
From the moment she visited American University, Autumn Clarke, SPA/BA '16, was struck by the many experiential learning opportunities. "When I toured AU, they emphasized how many students had internships and used the city as a classroom. That appealed to me. I'm definitely a hands-on learner." Clarke studied policy making in the classroom—and applied what she learned during study abroad in Australia and internships at the US Department of Education and the Australian embassy in Washington.
"Experiential learning is learning while doing," says Gihan Fernando, executive director of AU's Career Center. "It can be on or off campus, and there are a range of things that fall under this umbrella."
After graduation, Erin McGoff, SOC/BA '17, plans to complete a documentary inspired by her AU alternative break in Laos. The trip "allowed me to foster relationships in Laos that I couldn't establish on my own, like [with] the US ambassador. I got to learn about technical and economic issues. This wider view of Laos was helpful." During the trip McGoff captured video to help jump-start funding for her documentary. She has raised more than $7,000 online and received a prestigious fellowship to help complete her film.
Ensuring access to experiential learning opportunities for all AU students is a priority. "Many students lack the social or actual capital to have this hallmark experience at AU," Fernando says. AU seeks to provide equity of access, because research indicates that students with real-world experience are better prepared, more competitive in the job market, and have better post-graduation outcomes.
The Eagle Internship Fund, which offers stipends to financially eligible students participating in unpaid government or nonprofit internships, is one means of support. "Without internship experiences, it's difficult to make the case of why an employer should hire you," says Elijah Marquez, KSB/BA '17. Those who have internships are at an advantage over those who don't, he continues. "This means that low-income students, like me, who must work 25 hours a week to pay for school, are going to have a tough time trying to also work an internship that requires 20-plus hours in the office." He believes the Eagle Internship Fund levels the playing field. "My internship allowed me to gather skills that I talked about in the interview. I was later offered a full-time position."
Current students report that experiential learning opportunities are an essential part of AU culture. Alumni echo that sentiment. In a recent survey, a majority of alumni reported that internships, study abroad, and alternative breaks had a special impact on their student experience.
Generous donors support a wide range of hands-on learning opportunities. Gifts to experiential learning programs—from the creation of the Community-Based Research Scholars program, to underwriting a global consulting practicum for MBA students to travel to Germany to develop online business strategies—are helping AU live out its mission to turn ideas into action.
For information on how you can support big ideas in creating equitable access to experiential learning at AU, contact Courtney Surls, vice president of development and alumni relations, at 202-885-5900 or vpdar@american.edu.
In his 2016 commencement address to the School of International Service, Ray Chambers, the United Nations assistant secretary-general and special envoy for malaria and for health in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, challenged graduates and students to promote peace and nonviolence in the DC community. The Peace, Justice, and Inclusion Program is an answer to that call.
The inaugural program, held in spring 2017, fostered mentoring relationships among 19 AU staff, graduate and undergraduate students, and 48 middle and high school students from District of Columbia Public Schools (DCPS). The AU group worked with the older DCPS students, who mentored their younger peers and led discussions and workshops about the dynamics of conflict and peacemaking skills.
AU experts led sessions about activism, criminal justice, human trafficking, and environmental justice, and used techniques like spoken word poetry and mindfulness to build new skills. The program culminated with a trip to the United Nations; most of the DCPS participants had never before traveled beyond the Washington region.
"I became a mentor because of the challenges that I faced as a youth," says Nicole Phillips, SIS/MA '18. "The values that I have are because of my many mentors, from my current mentor to my high school coach, who taught me resiliency and talked about politics and social change to our team. As a local mentor and mentee, I see the possibility for closing the opportunity gap between underserved youth and advantaged leaders."
"SIS is committed to our founding mission to wage peace," says Dean James Goldgeier. "Hands-on experience is paramount to educating the next generation of peacemakers as they tackle the world's complex issues—many of which exist here at home. With AU's Center for Community Engagement and Service and others, SIS is deepening our impact inthe local community, while providing our students with invaluable real-world training that transcends boundaries and borders."
The spring program was supported by Chambers, the MCJ Amelior Foundation, and the Abdul Aziz Said Fund for Peace and Conflict Resolution, established through the generosity of Jeffrey Sine, SIS/BA '76.
For more information on how to support the Peace, Justice, and Inclusion Program or global to local initiatives, contact Kristie Cole, SIS chief development officer, at 202-885-1631 or kcole@american.edu.
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2019-04-20T08:37:57Z
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https://american.edu/magazine/article/knowledge-comes-alive.cfm
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| 0.090281 |
wordpress
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The Connecticut Restaurant Association has just opened up voting for their Salute to Excellence Awards and they need your help. Look through the finalists in the categories of Casual Restaurant, Upscale Restaurant, Caterer, Mixologist, Chef, and Server of the Year. Voting will continue all the way through November 16 at 5 pm, but there’s no reason to wait that long: vote now! One vote per person and e-mail, please. Then, on December 1, the winners will be announced at the CRA Salute to Excellence Awards Dinner at Mohegan Sun. If you’d like a ticket to that event or more info, click here.
Vote Now 4 Plan B Burger in National Burger Battle 2015 Championship Round!
After taking out Bobby Flay’s Bobby’s Burger Palace in Round 1, then destroying Ray’s Hellburgers, then flattening City Burger, Plan B Burger Bar has reached the final round of Burger Battle 2015. Voting is open today as Plan B fights it out against Burger Tap & Shake. We just voted for our local Plan B Burger Bar and the voting was close with Burger Tap & Shake at 51.51% and Plan B Burger Bar at 48.49%!
OmNomivores: ASSEMBLE! Let’s show the US how kickass CT burgers are. And, this definitely won’t be the first time that Plan B has won contests, having taken first place two years in a row at the burger contest at The Greenwich Wine & Food Festival.
Last year, Fairfield County Giving Day took Connecticut by storm. Non-profits across the county shared with their friends, followers, and fans all about what makes them great and asked for donations to help fund their missions. And, you could say it was a wee-bit successful (being sarcastic) with over 9,200 donors who dug into their pockets and raised more than $750,000!
This year’s Giving Day will prove to be bigger, better, and raise even more vital funds than last year, too. It starts at midnight on Thursday, March 5 and goes all the way until 11:59 and 59 seconds. The goal this year is to raise at least $1,000,000 and with 400 non-profits participating, that shouldn’t be too tough.
We’re back with our weekly food and beer events and news listings, so get ready. It’s bigger and better than ever, and we’ve added a nice new feature for ya, too. If you visit our Events page, you can see a calendar that lists all of these events, things that we’ve already posted about and won’t bog you down with, lists and details of our favorite brunch spots, happy hours and meal deals, as well as Connecticut brewery hours. We’ve also included the calendar at the bottom of this post if you’d like to check it out and hit the +GoogleCalendar button on the bottom to subscribe for instant updates. This will be updated more and more as we go by week after week.
2/27 Melt Mobile will be outside of Greenwich Library, so take out some books and fill up that stomach.
2/28 Check out the 10th Annual Black Rock Rocks with plenty of live music and great food. Venues include The Acoustic Cafe, BRYAC, Fire Engine Pizza Co, and Tautog Tavern. More info here.
Connecticut has so many great food-related stories to tell, whether it’s how a small restaurant owner got his start, a chef who became known across the state, even the country, or a person who started a brewery with a kernel of hope and a lot of luck. Thankfully we have some great platforms in CT to share those stories, from town papers like the Stamford Advocate, state magazines like Connecticut Magazine, food bloggers like ourselves to Ken Tuccio’s Welcome to Connecticut Podcast.
Ken started his podcast back in March of 2014, and it has been growing ever since. It’s no wonder since he’s been able to land some pretty fantastic interviews like Dennis Haskins aka Mr. Belding, Stew Leonard, Aarón Sánchez, and Jerry Springer. It was his love of beer, however, that has made magic happen. Yep, because of his love of beer, Ken has featured many brewers and brewery owners on his show which helped him land his sold-out CT Beer Summit right at Two Roads. We had a chance to turn the tables and ask him questions (he interviewed us on his podcast for New Years Day) about his love of CT food and beer, the future of his podcast, and how you can take part in the CT Beer Summit even if you can’t attend.
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2019-04-24T04:14:38Z
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https://omnomct.wordpress.com/category/city/connecticut/
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Porn
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Recreation
| 0.556915 |
msn
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There was a brief window this weekend—maybe a few hours, a day, tops—when I thought that maybe, just maybe, the Liberals were going to be able to put the SNC-Lavalin affair behind them.
Nothing really new had developed in a few days — a long time in this unfolding controversy. The Prime Minister had made his statement Thursday morning, before jetting off to apologize to the Inuit for decades-old wrongs. The Globe and Mail had come up with another exclusive, recounting a pair of testy conversations between Justin Trudeau and one of his Toronto-area MPs, Celina Caesar-Chavannes, who claims she was met with anger and hostility after deciding not to run again (the Globe also notes that Trudeau apparently apologized after both encounters).
Other than some weird social media eruptions from former MP and cabinet minister Sheila Copps, who’s been out of political life for 15 years, things seemed to have settled down after a month of frantic activity and speculation.
READ MORE: Does Justin Trudeau know what he’s doing?
That’s right—the Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development. The OECD isn’t exactly a titan in Canadian political discourse. Maybe it will get a mention for producing a report that shows that Canada is doing great or terrible in some metric or another. But that’s about it. It’s doubtful that anyone had it picked as the group about to breathe a bit of air back into the entire affair.
But that’s exactly what it did. In a short statement, the OECD’s Working Group on Bribery put Canada on notice. It’s “concerned by recent allegations of interference in the prosecution of SNC-Lavalin that are subject to proceedings in the House of Commons Standing Committee on Justice and Human Rights,” the statement reads.
Lee Sandt will do just about anything to catch a fish. But while fishing in Lake Lanier in Georgia, he really outdid himself. After he hooked a fish and his fishing line broke, he dived into the water to grab the fish with his bare hands!
Lightning illuminated the Chicago skyline as thunderstorms rolled through the city.
A coastal city in South Carolina has a piece of 100 year-old history buried under the sand that is only uncovered twice a year! Veuer’s Mercer Morrison has the story.
Gosh, it’s like it hadn’t even thought about those 9,000 jobs the Prime Minister and his inner circle keep going on and on about. And what about this year’s election? Does it even know what riding Trudeau represents in parliament?
Obviously most Canadians do not live and breathe waiting on what the OECD has to say. In terms of the meat of the controversy—the really exciting stuff—we’ve likely seen a lot of it already. Jody Wilson-Raybould has testified. Gerald Butts has testified. Jane Philpott has resigned. The Prime Minister has given a Very Serious about leadership and learning opportunities. Short of another major resignation or Wilson-Raybould coming back to testify again (still to be determined), there might not be a ton left to play out here.
And that’s good news for the Liberals, or it would be, that is, if the entire affair hadn’t already begun to spread. It may not have gone viral, but it’s sure going global.
It’s relatively easy for the Prime Minister and his staff to brush off attacks by the opposition. There’s nothing new under the sun there. It’s easy for partisan Liberals—depressingly easy, just check out my Twitter replies of late—to write off critical coverage of the government’s performance as just partisan hackery by the usual media voices.
Now it’s the OECD (Foreign Affairs Minister Chrystia Freeland, for her part, put out a statement that essentially thanked the OECD for its interest and reiterated that we’re looking into the matter). The international press, which once fawned over Trudeau, is now writing about the scandal, including a chiding editorial in The New York Times.
This is a problem for Team Trudeau. It’s one thing to dismiss Lisa Raitt and Nathan Cullen. It’s easy for them to roll their eyes at hacks like me. But the world is watching now. And in the face of that scrutiny, they can’t yell about how bad Stephen Harper was.
Normally Canadians crave attention from abroad—and our prime minister himself has certainly seemed to enjoy it over the years. It’s probably a less pleasant feeling now.
Does Justin Trudeau know what he’s doing?
The 2 minute crisis fix for Trudeau. You’re welcome.
Will legal slëepøvers at Ikea deter showroom squatters?
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2019-04-26T05:54:39Z
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https://www.msn.com/en-ca/news/politics/the-world-is-watching-justin-trudeau/ar-BBUE7Ns?ocid=spartanntp
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Porn
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News
| 0.335412 |
cnn
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Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke said he doesn't see any evidence yet of a stock bubble.
Stocks have recently been hovering near a five-year high, but Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke says a stock market bubble is not in the works.
"I don't see much evidence of an equity bubble," Bernanke told the Senate Banking Committee in his semi-annual testimony on Tuesday.
Yes, stocks are high. The S&P 500 (DIVD) and Dow have recently been trading at levels not seen since 2007.
But Bernanke thinks the gains are warranted, given strong company earnings recently.
The Fed's stimulative policies are meant to spur spending. Bernanke pointed to stronger housing and auto sales recently as proof that his plan is working.
The Fed's recent policies, which have kept interest rates near zero since 2008, have a secondary effect of driving investors away from low-yielding bonds, in search of higher-yielding assets like stocks.
Observers, even including some Fed officials, have recently argued that the "reach for yield" could be fueling a bubble in bonds, farmland and other assets.
Bernanke admitted that low interest rates "could encourage excessive risk-taking," but he assured lawmakers that he's closely watching for bubbles.
Right now, the risk doesn't outweigh the benefits "of promoting a stronger economic recovery and more rapid job creation," he said.
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2019-04-19T12:29:32Z
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https://money.cnn.com/2013/02/26/news/economy/bernanke-stock-bubble/index.html?iid=SF_BN_Lead
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Porn
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Business
| 0.929745 |
wordpress
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I’ve never been a big fan of lounge-type music. I guess there is a certain hipster quality to it, but I’ve never quite been able to shake the stigma of my youth which classified it as “old people music.” Of course, I realize now it never was really meant for old people and has been pretty cool for quite some time, but it’s not a genre of music I’m going to drive around in my truck listening to on a daily basis.
Without a doubt, though, one of my favorite Christmas albums of all time is Harry Connick, Jr.’s When My Heart Finds Christmas. Yes, I know Christmas came and went last week. The reason I’m writing about this album now is because of its closing track, a beautiful rendition of Frank Loesser’s “What Are You Doing New Year’s Eve?”.
Unlike most things I post here, I have no particular reason for featuring this song other than I just like it. Plus, tomorrow is New Year’s Eve. That’s about it. Sometimes you just need a good song.
One of our Christmas traditions as a family each year is to watch The Muppet Christmas Carol. I am not ashamed to say this tradition is not because of my children, but because of me. For a movie populated for the most part by felt-covered marionette/puppet hybrids, it stays remarkably true to the source material, which is, of course, Charles Dickens’ A Christmas Carol. I’ve actually read the book more than once, and I would highly recommend it to anyone.
Most of the appeal of the tale of Ebeneezer Scrooge lies in his redemption, and rightly so. The idea of there being hope for even the worst of souls is one everyone would like to believe. What often strikes me about Scrooge’s story, though, is how many things he loses that he can’t get back. His childhood. Scores of opportunity to help the poor in past years. His business partner, Jacob Marley. Scrooge’s future may look bright, but his past is littered with loss.
Of course, Scrooge’s greatest loss is that of his one true love, Belle. Most movie adaptations of A Christmas Carol do not include what may possibly be Scrooge’s most humiliating moment in the book, when the Ghost of Christmas Past shows him a glimpse of the then-married Belle’s family on Christmas Eve. It’s that terrible moment when a person realizes everything they should have and could have said that would have made things turn out differently, but they have no power to change any of it. By the end of the story, there’s no great reconciliation between Scrooge and Belle. What’s lost is simply lost.
It’s Christmas Eve here in America, and we just finished our annual Muppet viewing for this year. I’m thinking of all the times I didn’t speak up when I could have, all the opportunities I let slip past me, the words I needed to hear that were never spoken to me. Even in what might be the most poignant redemption story of all time, there were no second chances to say what needed to be said or do what needed to done. Just like Scrooge, we can walk through the memories of the past, but we can’t touch them, speak to them, or alter them.
If there is someone in your life this Christmas that needs to know you love them, tell them right now. If there is someone you need to walk away from, walk away right now. If someone needs a sign that your care about them, show them right now. If you’re thinking of getting someone a gift, buy it right now. If there is something wrong, make it right. Once the chance is gone, it might be gone forever.
Since tomorrow is Christmas, I don’t plan on writing anything here. From my family to yours, have a Merry Christmas. God bless you all.
I have a difficult time letting my children watch Peanuts cartoons. “What?” you might be asking. “What kind of problem could you possible have Snoopy and the gang?” Well, it’s quite simple, really: The other kids treat Charlie Brown like crap most of the time, and I don’t really want my kids thinking it’s okay to talk to other people that way.
There was this one time, though, when all the other kids came together and were actually nice to Charlie Brown. It happened one Christmas. You know the one. Charlie Brown was in charge of buying a tree for the school’s Christmas program, and he came back with a glorified twig. After a stern lecture from Linus, the gang decides to give Charlie Brown’s tree a makeover, and Christmas cheer is felt by all.
That seems to be the theme for most Christmas stories: Somebody gets heckled or cheated or messed around with, but by the end of the story everything comes together for them (See: Bob Cratchit.) In real life, though, the downtrodden don’t always get the breaks in the end. For someone suffering from depression, it’s very easy to look around a room and think everyone has it more together than you do. Better jobs, better relationships, better social skills, etc., etc. It can make a person want to find the nearest hole and hide in it.
If you’re thinking that just because your Christmas is rushed and hectic and not going according to plan, however, it should be pointed out that the “first Christmas” wasn’t exactly the most organized event either. Think about it for a minute. A baby was born in a stable. People are taking off to other countries because of dreams. Everyone is crowding into town for a census. There’s chaos happening everywhere.
And then there are the people. You have a carpenter who just found out his fiance is pregnant, and the only explanation he has is “It’s God’s son.” You have a young bride-to-be who would have been dumped, save for another dream intervention by an angel of the Lord. The first group of people called upon to visit the Christ child was not teachers or scribes, but sheep-herders called in from the fields. Really, couldn’t God have picked a little better cast for this?
Depressed people have a tendency to think of Christmas as a time when everyone has it better than them. They have difficulty going to parties or attending family gatherings or even facing the holiday because they feel sort of ashamed of where they are in life. They should be happy. It’s “the most wonderful time of the year,” right? When they don’t feel joy during a season which is specifically set up to provide it, they get a double-dose of guilt.
In reality, though, Christmas is practically tailor-made for the losers in life. Jesus, the whole reason for the holiday, was born in a stinky barn. Then he ended his life on a cruel Roman cross. He understands what it’s like to be on the low end of the totem pole. He understands what it’s like to be an outcast. He knows anxiety because he sweated drops of blood. The whole reason he came down, and the whole reason we have a Christmas today, is because Jesus went looking for the losers – the depressed, the anxious, the lonely, the afraid, and the addicted.
Some people may have more finely-decorated homes, flashier presents, and better-looking families, but everyone has Jesus on Christmas Day. Even Charlie Brown.
Thanksgiving is a wonderful time of the year in the United States. It’s a time when families come together for no other reason than to acknowledge their blessings, spend time with each other, and eat until their hearts are content. It’s a day when everyone is encouraged to take stock of the good things in their lives and see how those are what really matter. It is a lead-in to the most joyous of holidays, which extends beyond the borders of the U.S. and reaches in to the entire world – Christmas.
The holidays can indeed foster times of great joy and happiness. Unfortunately, they can also prove to be mental quicksand for those dealing with feelings of depression.
As with many topics related to depression, it can be difficult to explain why the holidays can be so difficult to navigate without venturing into self-pity. “Oh, how can they continue to play all this happy music and talk about all these wonderful things when I’m so sad? Can’t they see what I’m going through?” What many people with depression don’t realize is how self-centered the disease can make them. They become blind to how selfish they’ve become.
For those who are self-aware, though, depression around the holidays becomes a double whammy. The person knows they are not being grateful enough. They also know how selfish they are for feeling the way they do. As a result, they not only feel depression, but they also are hit with waves and waves of guilt. It’s a vicious cycle, and it only leads one way – down.
I’m not here to offer any pat answers about how to not be depressed around the holidays. In fact, I would greatly appreciate if everyone reading this could share your tips about how you manage to cope with the holiday blues. All I am trying to do is encourage understanding among those who have never had an un-thankful Thanksgiving or a not-so-merry Christmas for those who are having a hard time getting it together this year. You might not be able to cure them, but you can at least provide a helping hand to get them through.
And from me to you, if you’re someone riding a wave of depression from Thanksgiving on the way towards Christmas, hang in there. Better days can be ahead for you. In fact, you could be in a better day right now and just not know it. If you can’t feel it, though, don’t stack layers of guilt upon yourself. You’re not the first person to be where you are, and you’re not going to get it right all the time. It may not be the most wonderful time of the year, but it doesn’t have to be the most terrible either.
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2019-04-18T11:27:05Z
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https://depressionlighthouse.wordpress.com/category/holidays/
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.237273 |
yahoo
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"Efforts on gender equality are very timely," said Shin Eun-kyung, an economist with the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. South Korea is the worst place for women to work in the OECD, despite women being among the organization's best educated, and more highly so than men.
Contrast that with a 2016 effort by the previous government, run by the country's first woman president, Park Geun-hye, which launched a website carrying a real-time statistical heatmap of women of child-bearing age, marriages and births in the hope of spurring competition between cities and regions.
The website was taken down after one day, with women complaining it made them feel like "reproductive organs".
"The country sees women as baby factories," says Hong Sook-young, who produces the country's most popular children TV show. Asked about the latest measures, Hong said "at least pretending to hear what people really want is a start toward change".
South Korea's demographic time bomb is ticking louder. The government's latest forecast sees its population declining from 2027, and a presidential committee said the country's economic growth potential could fall to below 1 percent.
Birth rates have long been a policy priority: since 2006, the government has spent 152.9 trillion won ($135.65 billion) - about the size of an economy like Hungary or Nevada - on perks for families and subsidies for children from birth through university and beyond. Last year's 26.3 trillion low birth policy budget was more than half the defense spending of a country technically still at war with its northern neighbor.
"It should have been cut a long time ago," said Jung Jae-hoon, social welfare professor at Seoul Women's University.
Births outside marriage, for instance, are so widely frowned upon that they amount to only 1.9 percent of the total, the lowest anywhere. Experts compare that to France, where the ratio is over 50 percent and the birth rate is 1.9 versus South Korea's 1.05. Abortion is illegal and adoption rules very strict.
The stigma of out-of-wedlock babies has seen Seoul's Jusarang Community Church build an oven-sized "baby box", with cushions and a heating system into its outside wall.
While Samsung Electronics <005930.KS> has a more balanced gender ratio than Apple globally, with women accounting for 45 percent of the staff versus a third at its U.S. rival, only one in four staff at its Korea headquarters are women. None of the nine board members at Hyundai Motor Co <005380.KS> are women, versus six out of 12 at General Motors .
"The whole period of before, during and after childbirth weighs on our career," said a female assistant manager at Hyundai Motor. The pay gap between sexes only makes it harder, she added.
South Korea's gender wage gap is highest among advanced countries at 34.6 percent, above OECD average of 13.8 percent.
Still, critics say while Moon's approach to birth rates is an improvement, his job and housing policies discourage parenthood. Minimum wage hikes have led to higher unemployment, while larger downpayment requirements have made homes unaffordable for many.
"Creating a structure that enables us to have our own house is mostly needed," said Lee Kyoung-min, a store manager at Lotte Mart, a father of three.
If birth rates don't improve, South Korea's economy could be 5 percent smaller by 2060, as productivity falls and higher spending for elderly care leaves less room for investment, the National Assembly Budget Office estimates.
Ryu Won-woo, manager of baby fair organizer BeFe, praised the government's measures, especially those encouraging more responsibilities for dads. But he does not expect quick results.
"More local baby-product companies may disappear before Korea sees more babies," Ryu said.
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2019-04-24T00:27:28Z
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https://news.yahoo.com/not-baby-factory-south-korea-tries-fix-demographic-004305379--business.html
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Business
| 0.873071 |
wikipedia
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↑ Kumar, compiled by Ameeta Gupta, Ashish (2006). Handbook of universities. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers & Distributors. pp. vi. ISBN 9788126906086.
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2019-04-20T19:05:28Z
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https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%80
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.633951 |
wordpress
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San Jose, Long Beach, Berkeley, Malibu, and San Francisco have already banned plastic bags making plastic bag fees sound like an ancient practice (they’re pretty strict about the 5 cent fee here in D.C.). Yes, plastic bags can be helpful on a grocery run, as a smaller garbage bag, and clean up your furry friend, but like so many things that we’ve done here in the U.S., plastic bags started showing up everywhere and then we made a mess. They began to show up in our beaches affecting wildlife and in our streets affecting runoff flows.
In L.A., if you forget your reusable bag you have the option for a 10 cent paper bag, and that’s per bag. The phrase “paper or plastic” will be a slogan for the history books. Most groceries today even give you a discount for bringing your reusable bags. Don’t forget to clean and wash your reusable bags too, I’ve heard they collect some interesting things after several uses.
And it never hurts to carry a sandwich, snacks, or your lunch in your hands without a bag at all. When I don’t have lunch, I usually go to a nearby Au Bon Pain (somehow they have fifteen locations in a three block radius) and the cashier knows me there. By habit she asks all the customers if they would like a bag and she asks me as well; now, she doesn’t even ask if I want a bag or corrects herself because she knows I don’t like/need a bag and that I’ll carry it in my hands. In other trips for small items I find myself giving back a bag and saying “save a bag”. I like never having to worry that a reusable bag is going to rip. Sometimes I grab reusable bags from places I visit, such as my recent $1.99 purchase for a scenic Yosemite bag. So, do you part and “save a bag”. Cheers.
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2019-04-18T22:26:13Z
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https://spinachinourteeth.wordpress.com/2012/06/01/say-goodbye-to-my-little-friend/
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Porn
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Shopping
| 0.885061 |
wordpress
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This entry was posted on February 23, 2013 at 8:06 pm and is filed under Books I've Read, Favorite Things, Tongue in Cheek. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
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2019-04-24T02:41:09Z
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https://davidscommonplacebook.wordpress.com/2013/02/23/moby-dick/
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Porn
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Recreation
| 0.26225 |
wordpress
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Today in Boulder, we had the Buffalo Bicycle Classic, an annual bike ride that raises money for scholarships for Arts & Sciences students at the University of Colorado.
Since I only have a hybrid bike (basically a commuter bike), I did the 35 mile course. It’s not really a race, so I didn’t try to go as fast as I could. My time actually riding the bike (there were a few rest stops with water and snacks) was around 2.5 hours. Luckily, it didn’t rain at all today, so the weather was mostly quite nice, although a little hot. The 35 mile course goes from campus up US 36 for a while and then over to the small town of Hygiene before turning back and returning to campus.
For more serious bikers, there are longer courses. The hardest is a 110 mile course climbing Boulder Canyon to Nederland and following the Peak to Peak Highway, passing through Lyons, and then going up near Loveland before returning.
Since we finally have a dry weekend in Colorado, I spent most of the afternoon hiking in Chautauqua Park in Boulder.
View of the Flatirons from Chautauqua Park in Boulder.
The hike started at the Chautauqua trailhead and went along the Chautauqua trail and the Ski Jump trail to the Gregory Canyon trailhead, which is currently inaccessible to vehicles due to flood damage from last year. It then followed the Gregory Canyon trail to the Ranger trail. From the Ranger trail the path followed the E.M. Greenman trail to the Saddle Rock trail and followed that to the Amphitheater trail. The hike ended by walking along the Baseline trail back to the Chautauqua trailhead.
These trails are all open, but there is some damage along the Gregory Canyon trail as it follows a creek, and there is also a ladder on the Saddle Rock trail to get down a damaged section. There are a couple closed areas in the park, such as the Royal Arch trail.
This hike ended up being around 9 km and took around 4 hours at a fairly slow pace. There is an elevation gain of around 500 m and there are a lot of steep rocky areas along the Gregory Canyon and Saddle Rock trails, so this probably isn’t appropriate for small children or people with no hiking experience.
It’s a pretty nice hike on a hot day, since it’s mostly in wooded areas except for the areas near the Chautauqua trailhead. There are very nice views of Boulder along various points of the trail.
View of Boulder from the Saddle Rock Trail. On the left is downtown Boulder, and on the right is the University of Colorado.
If you’re more ambitious, you can follow the Ranger trail to the top of Green Mountain and then loop back around on the Greenman trail to the Saddle Rock trail. This adds another 3 km to the path and I think around 300 m of elevation.
Mountains north of Boulder from 63rd & Nelson.
This morning was really nice for getting outside here in Boulder. I decided to go for a long bike ride north of the city, and ended up doing 52 km. That’s really far for me, especially since I have a hybrid instead of a road bike.
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2019-04-18T22:32:49Z
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https://wimpsandneutrinos.wordpress.com/category/exercise/
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Porn
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Arts
| 0.134369 |
wordpress
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Y cuando dicen UP, quieren decir UP. ¡Y en ocho colores!
This entry was posted on 30 marzo, 2011 at 9:30 am and is filed under CSI FX. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
¡Qué espanto! ¿Eso son tetas o anginas?
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2019-04-19T00:31:14Z
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https://katanga73.wordpress.com/2011/03/30/nordstrom-bump-it-up/
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.599032 |
wordpress
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Oh how I love my mom. She’s done such wacky things in her life. I love all the crazy stories, from her. She is obsessed with moving back to Wisconsin. Even though, she is totally incapable of caring for herself. I try to appease her, by being part of the fantasy. She will be ‘stuck,’ on something for days, weeks, even months.
For example; “Since when did McDonald’s begin serving chicken?” She asks. “They should have stuck with hamburgers.” As if McDonald’s is losing market share, since they started this ‘new product.’ I used to say, “mom, they have served chicken for years.” But that’s a losing battle.
The other day, she brought up the story about her taking a bag of garbage to work, one day, instead of her lunch. “Oh, I remember that.” I said. It seems I was just thinking about this recently. But I remember laughing about this for years. She took a small brown bag, off of the windowsill. She thought it was the lunch, she had prepared. But she found, when lunch time arrived, she had grabbed a bag full of cigarette butts, and trash.
“”Ok, here I am again,” I’m thinking. “There’s no way, I’m going to argue about something so foolish. And especially, since, she is feeling self-conscious about, her forgetfulness. I will snap, and then instantly realize, “hey, this will be me, one day.” It must be difficult to know you’re not able to do the things you once were able to do. And you can’t remember the things you could remember.
Some people handle it with more grace, than others. I have grasped the understanding, that to my mother, I’m the enemy. I’m the reminder, of her life, slowing down. When she needs me, she won’t tell me. She makes comments, which suggest, her need. When I comply, she will say, “If you want to, you can help.” But she isn’t the kind to say thank you. I don’t ever think I’ve heard my mother say, “I’m sorry,” for anything.
I love that story, because, it pretty much sums up my mother. No crisis, too big, nothing too embarrassing. She’s done it, and seen it, all. She just, “puts it in her purse, and keeps walking.” She’s more amazing, than she realizes. And this is the reason, she has all of my respect.
Even now, when it isn’t her slip, but her own memory,which is slipping, I keep my respect level, higher, than my impatience. I can’t bring pain to her. I think that the ‘life lessons, which she has taught me, have kept me from drowning in my own fears, or grief.
He moved on; “Do you know what state you’re in?” “Of course, Florida.” She answered. “What city?” Now she was stuck. She said, “Florida.” “That’s a state, what city?” He asked again. She was getting flustered. “Ok, what county?” “Florida.” She answered again. “That’s a state, what county?” “I have no idea,” she said. I do believe,it’s the first time I’ve ever heard her acknowledge that either.
He continued to ask more questions, and then he told her, “Now, I’m going to take a walk with you.” She became very fearful, as she stated, “my socks will get dirty!” “Well, that’s what washing machines are for,” He said. All the while, I’m thinking, I’m the one who does the laundry, anyway.
I realized that she had blamed her lack of mobility on her shoes. After buying a few more pairs, she now claims that it is her knee, which is sore. From a fall she had taken months ago. Never mind that I’ve taken her on walks, around the block, since this time. She uses a walker, go around the block, but refuses to use it in the house.
When she last complained about the knees, she claimed, if I got something, like Icy Hot, and placed this on her knee’s, she could walk. I hate the smell of these products, but my son assured me, “as soon as you put it on, grandma will say.” “Oh, this feels good.” “Then she’ll start screaming, a few minutes later.” “Take this off of me!!!” I laughed, as it’s probably true. But then again, I will be compromising her last straw. I don’t know how long she’ll stick to her story.
So now, the doctor is holding her arm, as he very slowly, walks her into the hall. I cannot see her, but I can hear her. I’m guessing he didn’t get too far, considering, the very small, measured steps, she takes.
Then I hear her, and I start laughing. He tells her, “Now, I’m going to push you.” “What?” She says. “Yes, I’m going to push you, and I want you to hold your balance.” I hear her say, “I’m going to push you again. Hold onto my arm.” Then he pushes her again, and I hear him say, “I told you to keep your balance!” She yells back, “I would! But you keep pushing me!” At this point, I was cracking up. What a scene this must have been.
Later, as he shared some of his findings, I nodded, at the advice, he had given me. And that we need more tests.
I know this ailment. My father was completely bald, and he seemed proud of it. “Grass doesn’t grow on a busy street!” He always used to tell us. Over the years, we had seen him receive gifts, of ‘The bald comb,’ a coonskin cap, etc. He loved it. The time I saw his picture in his navy uniform, on my grandmother’s dresser, I exclaimed, Wow! Dad, you had hair!” I thought how handsome he looked. Only a boy. He’d lost his hair quite young.
Then there’s my mom. She had always had very thin hair. And even now, she refuses me to curl it, or fix it in any way. I get frustrated. I had pulled it into a cute pony tail, and she told me, “she didn’t want me to do it again.” I laughed, at the fact that her and I are completely different in this area. I always enjoyed fixing my hair and doing makeup. At a very young age. I would take her makeup out of her bedroom and put it on. I would study magazines and learn all the techniques. I took a charm book she had from her, when I was about 10, and studied it, as if it was my bible. I then took some of her dresses, and hand tailored them to fit me. She just laughed. I learned how to stitch them to fit my body. I would turn them inside out, and pin them all the way down each side and stitch them. I’d hem them to ‘mini-dress,’ length, and voila! I had the best dress around.
Now as I listen to this guy ramble on about ‘hair loss,’ I remembered the joke. I used to say, between my mom and my dad, I don’t stand a chance. Sure enough, I had suffered trauma, and I noticed in the shower; little gobs of hair. Then it seemed to be shedding like crazy. I started to panic. As I looked into the mirror, I could see the thinnest hair, and swore I could see my scalp. Well,of course, I had lost a great deal of weight, and that was probably contributing to the hair loss. But I didn’t care about the weight as much as the hair. Well, I began to buy the shampoos, which claimed to stop hair loss. I went to get cortisone shots in my scalp. Although, I don’t really believe they gave me anything in that needle, as I never received a bill, and I sure never noticed any results.
Now let’s not forget about ‘Restless Leg Syndrome.’I love this one. I have restless legs a lot. Am I beginning to sound like a hypochondriac? Or is it that this world, is constantly trying to convince me that all of this is abnormal?
Then there’s the intense desire for women to have long eyelashes. Never mind that they also shed. I have been blessed with long lashes, so I have never had ‘lash envy.’ However, when I see the advertisement for this potion, and listen to the side effects, “may develop brown spots, on eyes, which are irreversible?” Well, that’s wonderful. You have the most beautiful lashes, on your liver-spotted eyes.” Hmmm, that’s the tradeoff?
Well, I tend to believe, it is just a whole lot of ridiculous manipulation going on, in the advertisement industry; Now.I’m convinced. As I just turned on the television to hear some friends complaining about how lame their buddy is, for having a “naked toilet paper roll.” Oh how sad, for this guy. He invites his friends over, and all they can do is complain about the fact that they can actually see his toilet paper! What kind of people are these? In my house you’re lucky to be able to find the spare roll. If I can keep on top of the ‘supply and demand issue.’ That’s the priority. If a person doesn’t like the way my toilet paper looks, I’d just as easily shove it into a coffee can. I believe in repurposing, when possible. So what better way to do this? Then you can also infuse the air with a scent of coffee. Hey, it works on the airplane. Yes, that’s right. When you see those bags, hanging on the door, or setting on a counter, in the lav, don’t be tempted to take those. We use them to eliminate odors.
One day, I had a female celebrity on my flight. This woman is one of the icon’s in Hollywood. I’ll just call her, May Funaway. She refused to take her seat,when the pilots came out. The captain, asked, why she was standing by the near the galley, when he came out. The purser explained, that she told her, “I don’t have to sit.” She believed that those security rules, did not apply to her. After all, she is a diva. Coincidentally, I had Eunice Shriver on the same flight, and she couldn’t have been more gracious. Not one bit pretentious. But Ms. Funaway, said, “It doesn’t matter, I have to use the bathroom.
After, she had completed her duty, I joked with my flying partner’s that I should sell that coffee bag on Ebay. If I told everyone that it was the same bag which hung in that bathroom, that May Funaway, “toileted,” in? Wow, Eu De Toilet Funaway. Hmmm, on second thought, I told them, it wouldn’t fetch very much, as her’s, clearly doesn’t stink.
So, back to reality. All these marketing ploys. It’s not bad enough to tell you that if you’re feeling depressed, you can take that pill. Oh, but the side effect might make you suicidal! What? I think I’ll just take the plate of depression, thanks. I don’t want the pill that’s going to send me over the edge.
Let’s not forget to mention the people who have a ‘weak stream,’ when they urinate. This is not to be confused, with those, who must stop at the bathroom, every few minutes. That’s a different problem. And yes, there’s a medicine for that.
Since when did this a weak stream, become a problem? How do they diagnose this? Does the doctor come into the room and say, “Well, Doug, we’ve received your test results, and I’m afraid I must tell you, “You have what’s called, A weak stream.” Now, don’t worry, it’s not fatal. We do have a drug to control this.
I have gone through a healing and deliverance. I can see so clearly. I look back on my walk as a believer and see the mountain experiences. When it seemed I was at the very peak of my spiritual existence and I couldn’t get any higher. I was with the Lord, on the Mountain of Transfiguration.
Yes, so many times, I thought I was healed. But we all have this journey that we’re on. And we haven’t arrived. It is the experience in the valley, which teaches us. This morning, He had so much, that He wanted to show me.
I felt a lightness in my spirit. I felt my joy, returning. I know, because I can get outside of myself, and look at others, in their pain and suffering, and feel compassion. Yet, more than that, I want to touch it. I long for them to be healed. To know the Savior’s love and comfort, in the midst of their suffering.
He reminded me this morning of the grief I had felt after the loss of my brother. As I realized that is was his death, which brought me to the knowledge of Him, He also showed me that now, His calling was for me to touch others. My brother’s death was not in vain. Oh, the lives He touched. Not just mine. But each time, I would go to someone, dying with AID’s, I knew, this was a memorial to my brother.
I finally understood how important, the touch, really is. First He had to deal with my own anger over my brother. I would cry out, “How could a life full of suffering and alienation, be cut short in this way? How can anything good come from this? He already had, cerebral palsy. Alienated by people for most of his short, life. Now this?” Members of my own family, voiced their fears, about him, coming into their home, after finding out. I had friends, who implied, they weren’t sure if he had infected my home. After all, he had visited me. Painful enough, for me, I knew for him, it was much more painful. I couldn’t understand what good could be borne of this.
Then, He showed me the purpose. As I was filled with compassion for those who were dying, I would go to them. I met people, who had been ‘cut-off,’ from family and friends. Fearful of catching this dreaded disease. It broke my heart to see people like this. The one thing they needed most, and they didn’t have it. Human touch.
Now I read the account of Jesus, and the leper.(Luke 5:12) He begs the Lord to heal him, if He is willing.” The Lord responds, “I am willing, and He reaches out and touches, the leper.” This was a disease which was highly contagious. People were forbidden to have contact with the lepers, for fear of spreading this dreaded disease.
We can see accounts of Christ healing, by merely speaking a word. Yet, He reminded me, that it was important to touch, those who have been so reviled. This is the miracle to them. It is not the physical healing. It is the fact that, we step outside of ourselves. Outside, of our fears and repulsion. Outside of our stereotypes and laws.
I went into the hospital once to visit and pray. The AID’s ward. I went from room to room. As I came upon one man, he grabbed my arm so tightly with tears in his eyes. I know my own eyes filled with tears as well. He so longed for someone, to love him. To show that they were not afraid to touch him.
The hospital would tell me, that I had to don a mask and gloves, as I visited these patients. But I could not. Unless I was sick, they were the ones, who were susceptible to opportunistic sickness. Not me.
The saddest thing I had seen was a man named, Denny. I had visited him, at a residence for people with AID’s. His parents had found out, that I would come and pray with him. His mother, said, she was so touched by our visits. Her husband, however, was much older, and he had cancer. He was afraid to come into Denny’s room. So he would put on a mask and visit him, through his screen window. The last day of Denny’s life, the father, watched him slowly ebb away, without so much as a hug goodbye, for fear of this disease. It was beyond heartbreaking.
This is what fear will do. It keeps us away. Paralyzed. Ineffective. Hiding from those who need us most. It will separate us from others, and from the Lords calling, to touch, people for Him. We become His hands. His feet.
How important is touch? I was reading an article about the importance of touch, and newborns. It was in a study, they found that newborns required, not only attention to their basic needs, but human touch. Without this, they would begin to waste away. It is mentioned throughout scripture, again and again. I was reading all the scriptures this morning and was amazed, at how often it’s used, and how powerful the dynamic. Not only is it mentioned for healing, but the scriptures speak of touch, causing death. “Do not touch, any unclean thing, or you shall die.” (Lev. 5:2) Eve, must have seen the importance, as she altered Gods’ own words, to the serpent, when she claimed He told them, they couldn’t eat, or touch, the Tree. When God did not say that. He didn’t mention touch, so this lie began the downward spiral. The serpent knew, he already had her, since she had just lied.
So powerful is touch, that the woman who reached out, and grabbed the hem of Christs, garment, was healed. Yes, Christ told her it was her faith, which healed her, but her faith was evidenced, by her touch.
I felt it this morning, as I took my mother to the doctor. I was under a spell. The lies, which were binding me, to keep me from touching others. I know that it is by doing this, I am healed. As the woman, touched the Lord. It was this pouring out of myself after the loss of my brother, that kept me from totally falling apart. I saw my brother in each person, I gave my love to.
The Lord had sent me out into this world with a purpose and a compassion born of my suffering. He also reminded me of what my suffering is about. I share this cup with him so that I may be like Him and fit for His use. I have wasted too much time, falling prey to fear and sickness. I know that He has given me a chance to climb out of the valley. Up to the mountain. But He reaches down to touch me. To help me up. I’m to turn and help others too.
So as I am walking out of my darkness, while He holds me close, I will try to remember, when the enemy comes, to “sift me as wheat,” I have only but to reach out and touch HIM!
Wanted, Single, Strong, Colonel…Oh, and Bring Your Own Toaster!
I love you, but I love my toaster more!
I was talking with my mom this morning. I realize that I am going to have those, ‘good days,’ and ‘bad days.’ She is in and out of moods, and until I find out what is happening, it’s as if I’m dealing with someone who is bi-polar.
I am now starting to listen to advice from people, who’ve told me, “don’t take her attacks personally.” Well, it’s difficult, but I realize, that if I’m going to maintain any sanity at all, I have to try to let it go.
Between, the depression, I slip into, as I’ve already shared, and the stress of dealing with her and my other issues, it is all-consuming. So I have to buffer all of this with humor. The other day, I was so exhausted, my son was sick and I couldn’t deal with anymore stress. My mother was asking me, “Who is going to turn on Channel 6, for me in the morning?” I had to explain that there would be someone here to help her. I felt the anxiety of the past, and I realized, I had to get control of myself. I’ve had panic attacks, in the past, that made me rush to the hospital in a panic. I thought I was having a heart attack, until I found, it was a result of the Post Traumatic Stress. I now, have more on my plate than I ever had, and I am trying to find strength to deal with all of this without going back to the state I was in a few years ago.
I have found solace in my friends, and the Lord’s words to me. It is as the angels of heaven were sent to minister to me. They came calling and praying. I felt so alone, and even out of the blue, a persons communication, was as the Father’s heart, toward me. I felt him reaching down to give me a hug, and let me know, I’m not alone.
As I took my mother on a walk, around the block, with her walker, today, the Lord reminded me of how far she has come. She was so stubborn and rebellious. No way was she going to use one of “those things!” Even when I took her to Orlando, in June, we walked to the pool. She held tightly to my arm the whole way, and a woman was at the pool with a walker. I pointed and said, “mom, that is really nice. It even has a seat, when you’re tired. Wouldn’t you like that?” “I’m not using that! She said, with such obstinance. She would rather hold onto me where ever we go, and then yell at me, that she doesn’t need my help.
I finally convinced her, in the most loving way. It was the third time she had fallen down, and I told her that, “unless you exercise those muscles, you will not be able to walk. I have this cart, you can use. It has a little basket and everything.(I didn’t call it a walker) I put a bell and a little plate on it that says, “Too Cool 4 U.” She loves it. And now she can’t wait to go around the block.
Today,as we walked, we passed the house, where the ferocious dog lives. He’s big and black and he barks really loud. There’s a sign on the fence that says, “Beware of Dog.” And every time we pass, we wait for him. The first time, we passed, I was terrified. I have a phobia of big dogs. I also have a phobia, of fish, but that’s for another story. The dog story involves my mom.
In fact, I reminded her of the story, after our encounter with the big, black dog. We heard him coming. I grabbed my moms, frail, little arm. “Mom, don’t look at him!” I said. My mom, was just as calm as could be and kept pushing her walker along. I couldn’t believe it. We’re about to be attacked and she’ll probably just be the appetizer. I’m the main course! She’s not even phased. “Oh, don’t let him bother you.” She said. “What?” I watched the dog run right past us and to a kid on a bike. The little kid was riding by on the street and he seemed to reach down and try to pet the dog. Ok, now I’m feeling a little foolish. Why do people have, “Beware of Dog,” signs on their yards, and the dogs are running loose? And then, there’s nothing to ‘beware of,’ anyway?
I started to laugh in relief. Then I remembered the story. “Hey mom. Remember when we were working together at that temporary job? We were up at about 5 in the morning and two houses down that big white German Shepherd came out of nowhere? He was snarling at us like he was going to attack us?” “Oh yea! That was scary!” She said. “Yea, and I was so scared, I just kept whispering, help! help!” As if someone could hear us” We both laughed. We were right outside of Dan Hunt’s house. The local cop. Yet, even he couldn’t help us now.
All of a sudden, my mom took her bag of lunch and threw it and that dog ran after the lunch. We both turned around and ran into the house. I cracked up and never forgot about how wise my mom seemed that day. She saved us both with her quick thinking. I was only about 15 years old and I think, how many daughter’s have gone to work with their mother’s and had these kinds of experiences?
So, who knows? After hearing about Zsa Zsa, today…anything’s possible.
I have been thinking of my father. It happens every year at about this time. I know his birthday is coming, (September 30) and I become depressed. I know it’s something I feel. A darkness shrouding me. I start getting depressed, and I beg the Lord to help me out. My father died in April of 88 and my brother died a year later. It was too much to bear. I started working for my company, a year after the death of my brother. The fall, which normally is my favorite time of the year, became something I dread. It is a symbol of death. The leaves on the trees, which are beautiful, as they are turning, are now a picture of gloom.
I was in a ‘holding pattern,’ for a long time, as a result of this. I went into a training center, which became another picture of depression. But yet, the Lord, allowed all of this. Perhaps it was to protect me, from myself. He knew, that I was suffering. Had it not been for my roommates, and the fact that I had just returned to the Lord, I would have withered away. I felt desperate and alone. I used my humor and the friendships, I had developed in training, to keep me grounded.
My father had asked me, “to give his love to my mother.” I believe I am doing this every day. But he didn’t realize how difficult all of this would be. To leave in such a manner, and to wrestle my mother, on every little bit of her loss of independence. She refuses the help she needs, and I’m growing weary from the constant complaints. She believes she can “take care of herself.” I know she can’t.
My father left, because he couldn’t handle the depths of despair, which he felt he lived with. Caused by his drinking, and his own company. I understand, the anger, he felt. I’ve experienced this myself. There’s no justice and no way to understand, without the Lord. Life isn’t fair. That’s just a truth, I’ve accepted. It is for those who can afford it.
Now, I debate, what to do for my mother. What is best for her? Do I try to give her what she so desires, or ignore her pleading, as many say, and keep her with me. I know it is just going to become more difficult. I long for my father’s advice. What did he mean, “Give my love to your mother?” What would he do?
I will be 54, in October. The same age my father was when he died. Even my birthday, is a thing of sadness. So many times, as a child, waiting for my father to show up. Left me on a porch all alone. My mother, slapped me in the face, once, as I came in to the table and sat down, crying. I was exasperated that my father, failed to show up, once again. And she was angry, that I was crying for my father. I told her I still loved him. And she became angry. Her own feelings of contempt, taken out on me. She does the same thing to me now. But, just as my father was not in his right mind, I accept this with my mother, as well. Yet, it still hurts. I feel the darkness sweeping over me.The memory of me standing right in front of him, begging him to “hang on.” Yet, my cries went unheeded.
Now, I feel a need to run to my heavenly Father. “Help me Lord. Help me to do what is right for everyone. I don’t want to live according to my will, my ways. I want to see on the other side of this, darkness. The light of His love, and His grace.
As, I wait on the Lord, I’m asking that He turns this time of the year into a thing of beauty for me. To remind me that, after the death of all the creation, comes resurrection! The spring brings new life! I want to stay focused on this, as I enter into this season. A new beginning.
Thank you Father, for sending your son, Jesus Christ, to remind us all…this is not the end.
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2019-04-22T10:39:02Z
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https://flygurlual.wordpress.com/2011/08/
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Porn
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Reference
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wikipedia
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The staged combustion cycle (sometimes known as topping cycle or preburner cycle) is a power cycle of a bipropellant rocket engine. In the staged combustion cycle, propellant flows through multiple combustion chambers, and is thus combusted in stages. The main advantage relative to other rocket engine power cycles is high fuel efficiency, measured through specific impulse, while its main disadvantage is engineering complexity.
Typically, propellant flows through two kinds of combustion chambers; the first called preburner and the second called main combustion chamber. In the preburner, a small portion of propellant is combusted, and the over-pressure produced is used to drive the turbopumps that feed the engine with propellant. In the main combustion chamber, the propellants are combusted completely to produce thrust.
The fuel efficiency of the staged combustion cycle is in part a result of all propellant ultimately flowing to the main combustion chamber; contributing to thrust. The staged combustion cycle is sometimes referred to as closed cycle, as opposed to the gas generator, or open cycle where a portion of propellant never reaches the main combustion chamber. The engineering complexity is partly a result of the preburner exhaust of hot and highly pressurized gas which, particularly when oxidizer-rich, produces extremely harsh conditions for turbines and plumbing.
Staged combustion (Замкнутая схема) was first proposed by Alexey Isaev in 1949. The first staged combustion engine was the S1.5400 (11D33) used in the Soviet planetary rocket, designed by Melnikov, a former assistant to Isaev. About the same time (1959), Nikolai Kuznetsov began work on the closed cycle engine NK-9 for Korolev's orbital ICBM, GR-1. Kuznetsov later evolved that design into the NK-15 and NK-33 engines for the unsuccessful Lunar N1 rocket. The non-cryogenic N2O4/UDMH engine RD-253 using staged combustion was developed by Valentin Glushko circa 1963 for the Proton rocket.
After the abandonment of the N-1, Kuznetsov was ordered to destroy the NK-33 technology, but instead he warehoused dozens of the engines. In the 1990s, Aerojet was contacted and eventually visited Kuznetsov's plant. Upon meeting initial skepticism about the high specific impulse and other specifications, Kuznetsov shipped an engine to the US for testing. Oxidizer-rich staged combustion had been considered by American engineers, but deemed impossible. The Russian RD-180 engine also employs a staged-combustion rocket engine cycle. Lockheed Martin began purchasing the RD-180 in circa 2000 for the Atlas III and later, the V, rockets. The purchase contract was subsequently taken over by United Launch Alliance (ULA), the Lockheed-Martin successor company after 2006, and ULA continues to fly the Atlas V with RD-180 engines as of 2019.
The first laboratory staged-combustion test engine in the West was built in Germany in 1963, by Ludwig Boelkow.
Hydrogen peroxide/kerosene fueled engines such as the British Gamma of the 1950s may use a closed-cycle process by catalytically decomposing the peroxide to drive turbines before combustion with the kerosene in the combustion chamber proper. This gives the efficiency advantages of staged combustion, while avoiding major engineering problems.
The Space Shuttle Main Engine is another example of a staged combustion engine, and the first to use liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen. Its counterpart in the Soviet shuttle was the RD-0120, similar in specific impulse, thrust, and chamber pressure specification to the SSME, but with some differences that reduced complexity and cost at the expense of increased engine weight.
Several variants of the staged combustion cycle exist. Preburners that burn a small portion of oxidizer with a full flow of fuel are called fuel-rich, while preburners that burn a small portion of fuel with a full flow of oxidizer are called oxidizer-rich. The RD-180 has an oxidizer-rich preburner, while the RS-25 has two fuel-rich preburners. The SpaceX Raptor has both oxidizer-rich and fuel-rich preburners, a design called full-flow staged combustion.
Staged combustion designs can be either single-shaft or twin-shaft. In the single-shaft design, one set of preburner and turbine drives both propellant turbopumps. Examples include the Energomash RD-180 and the Blue Origin BE-4. In the twin-shaft design, the two propellant turbopumps are driven by separate turbines, which are in turn driven by the outflow of either one or separate preburners. Examples of twin-shaft designs include the Rocketdyne RS-25, the JAXA LE-7, and the Raptor. Relative to a single-shaft design, the twin-shaft design requires an additional turbine (and possibly another preburner), but allows for individual control of the two turbopumps.
In addition to the propellant turbopumps, staged combustion engines often require smaller boost pumps so to prevent both preburner backflow and turbopump cavitation. For example, the RD-180 and RS-25 use boost pumps driven by tap-off and expander cycles, as well as pressurized tanks, to incrementally increase propellant pressure prior to entering the preburner.
Full-flow staged combustion (FFSC) is a twin-shaft staged combustion cycle that uses both oxidizer-rich and fuel-rich preburners. The cycle allows full flow of both propellants through the turbines; hence the name. The fuel turbopump is driven by the fuel-rich preburner, and the oxidizer turbopump is driven by the oxidizer-rich preburner.
Benefits of the full-flow staged combustion cycle include turbines that run cooler and at lower pressure, due to increased mass flow, leading to a longer engine life and higher reliability. As an example, up to 25 flights were anticipated for an engine design studied by the DLR (German Aerospace Center) in the frame of the SpaceLiner project. Further, the full-flow cycle eliminates the need for an interpropellant turbine seal normally required to separate oxidizer-rich gas from the fuel turbopump or fuel-rich gas from the oxidizer turbopump, thus improving reliability.
Since the use of both fuel and oxidizer preburners results in full gasification of each propellant before entering the combustion chamber, FFSC engines belong to a broader class of rocket engines called gas-gas engines. Full gasification of components leads to faster chemical reactions in the combustion chamber, which improves performance.
Potential disadvantages of the full-flow staged combustion cycle include increased engineering complexity of two preburners, relative to a single-shaft staged combustion cycle, as well as an increased parts count.
Oxidizer-rich exhaust from a SpaceX Raptor preburner shown during a sub-system test on a test stand at Stennis Space Center. In the full-flow rocket engine, the preburner exhaust is fed into a turbine and then into the main combustion chamber.
Only three full-flow staged combustion rocket engines have ever progressed sufficiently to be tested on test stands; the Soviet Energomash RD-270 project in the 1960s, the US government-funded Aerojet Rocketdyne Integrated powerhead demonstration project in the mid-2000s, and SpaceX's Raptor engine first test-fired in September 2016.
S1.5400—First staged combustion rocket engine used on the Blok L upper stage.
NK-33—Soviet engine developed for the never-flown upgraded version of the N-1 launch vehicle. Later sold to Aerojet Rocketdyne and refurbished/remarketed as the AJ-26 (used on Antares block 1 launch vehicles in 2013–2014). In use on the Soyuz-2-1v.
P111 - liquid oxygen/kerosene demonstrator engine developed between 1956 and 1967 at Bolkow GmbH (later Astrium).
RD-170, RD-171, RD-180 and RD-191—a series of Soviet and Russian engines used on the Energia, Zenit, Atlas V, Angara and previously on the Atlas III launch vehicles. RD-171 (and its RD-171M successor), -180 and -191 are derivatives of RD-170.
YF-100—Chinese engine developed in the 2000s; used on the Long March 5, Long March 6, and Long March 7.
AR-1 An Aerojet Rocketdyne project partially funded by the United States Air Force as a potential replacement for the RD-180 Russian engine.
BE-4—Blue Origin LCH4/LOX engine—using the oxygen-rich staged combustion (ORSC) cycle—planned to be used on the ULA Vulcan launch vehicle, which will replace the Atlas V and Delta IV, first flight test in 2019 and also on Blue Origin's New Glenn launch vehicle, with first flight test no earlier than 2020.
RD-253—Soviet engine developed in the 1960s and used on the Proton launch vehicle's first stage. Later variants include the RD-275 and RD-275M.
SCE-200—Indian RP-1/LOX main stage engine in development.
Hadley—Ursa Major Technologies LOX/Kerosene booster engine under development near Denver, Colorado.
RS-25 (SSME)—US developed LH2/LOX engine in the 1970–1980s, flown on the Space Shuttle through 2011 (with periodic upgrades), and planned for further use on the Space Launch System after 2018.
RD-0120—LH2/LOX engine used on the Energia rocket.
LE-7—LH2/LOX engine used on the H-II rocket family.
KVD-1 (RD-56)—Soviet LH2/LOX upper stage engine developed for the never-flown upgraded version of the N-1 launch vehicle. Used on the GSLV Mk1.
RD-270—USSR engine under development 1962–1970 for the UR-700 project; never flown.
Integrated powerhead demonstrator—Demonstration project for the front part of a full flow engine, with no combustion chamber or other backend subsystems. US project to develop a part of a new rocket engine technology in the early 2000s; no full engine ever built; never flown.
Raptor—SpaceX LCH4/LOX engine in development.
^ a b c Sippel, Martin; Yamashiro, Ryoma; Cremaschi, Francesco (10 May 2012). "Staged Combustion Cycle Rocket Engine Design Trade-offs for Future Advanced Passenger Transport" (PDF). Space Propulsion 2012. ST28-5. DLR-SART. Retrieved 19 March 2014.
^ Emdee, Jeff (2004). "Launch Vehicle Propulsion" (PDF). Crosslink. Vol. 5 no. 1 (2004 Winter ed.). Aerospace Corp. pp. 12–19. Archived from the original on 8 March 2016. Retrieved 30 September 2016.
^ a b c d e f g Belluscio, Alejandro G. (7 March 2014). "SpaceX advances drive for Mars rocket via Raptor power". NASAspaceflight.com. Retrieved 9 March 2014.
^ "Elon Musk on Twitter: "SpaceX propulsion just achieved first firing of the Raptor interplanetary transport engine"". Twitter. 2 June 2009. Retrieved 28 September 2016.
^ Haeseler, Dietrich; Maeding, Chris; Preclik, Dieter; Rubinski, Vitali; Kosmatechva, Valentina (9 July 2006). "LOX-Kerosene Oxidizer-Rich Gas-Generator and Main Combustion Chamber Subscale Testing". 42nd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. Sacramento, California: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. doi:10.2514/6.2006-5197. ISBN 9781624100383.
^ Rui C. Barbosa (25 June 2016). "China successfully debuts Long March 7 – Recovers capsule". NASASpaceFlight.com. Retrieved 28 September 2016.
^ "AR1 Booster Engine | Aerojet Rocketdyne". Rocket.com. Retrieved 28 September 2016.
^ Clark, Stephen (17 September 2014). "ULA taps Blue Origin for powerful new rocket engine". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 13 April 2015. Blue Origin's BE-4 engine uses an oxygen-rich staged combustion cycle, employs a single nozzle, and burns liquid oxygen and liquefied natural gas, a fuel that makes the engine cheaper, less complex, and easier to reuse, according to a fact sheet released by Blue Origin.
^ Blue Origin. "BE-4 Rocket Engine" (PDF). ULA Website 2014. Retrieved 19 March 2014.
^ Berger, Eric (9 March 2016). "Behind the curtain: Ars goes inside Blue Origin's secretive rocket factory". Ars Technica. Retrieved 12 March 2016.
^ "Home". Ursa Major Technologies. Retrieved 20 May 2017.
^ "Instagram post by Ursa Major Technologies • May 16, 2017 at 11:07pm UTC". Instagram. Retrieved 20 May 2017.
^ "GSLV MkIII, the next milestone". Frontline. 7 February 2014.
^ Todd, David (22 November 2012). "SpaceX's Mars rocket to be methane-fuelled". Flightglobal. Retrieved 5 December 2012. Musk said Lox and methane would be SpaceX’s propellants of choice on a mission to Mars, which has long been his stated goal. SpaceX’s initial work will be to build a Lox/methane rocket for a future upper stage, codenamed Raptor. The design of this engine would be a departure from the “open cycle” gas generator system that the current Merlin 1 engine series uses. Instead, the new rocket engine would use a much more efficient “staged combustion” cycle that many Russian rocket engines use.
^ "United Launch Alliance Unveils America's New Rocket – Vulcan". Ulalaunch.com. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
This page was last edited on 31 March 2019, at 20:08 (UTC).
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2019-04-23T03:36:39Z
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staged_combustion_cycle
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wordpress
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Kreg’s truck broke down our 1st night in Banlung. They dropped us off at our hotel and after I went upstairs and opened the window to let in some air I heard metal clang against something. I looked down and saw Kreg and Jenny get out of their truck. Uh oh.
It looked like the ball joint just fell out of the control arm out of the blue. Actually it just looked like a towing hitch ball sitting at the end of a big metal arm dragging along the ground. I later googled to find out the actual mechanical terms and try and sound manly.
This being Cambodia, they explained what happened to the hotel owner (who apparently put a sign on the front of it later that night) and left it where it was blocking one side of the parking lot ingress/egress. The mechanic came out the next day and fixed it on the spot. For $50.
A quick 9.5 hour drive back to Phnom Penh was our Super Bowl Sunday.
Yesterday was ARC. Agape Restoration Center. It’s the first stop for the rescued girls. We’ve been there before: no address listed, nondescript wall along the street, and you have to sign in with the guards. Stacy and I were both doing really well. We felt like we knew what to expect so it wasn’t such a shock….until we actually started seeing patients. The nurse at the home throws around “Hep B,” “HIV,” and “pregnancy” like she’s talking about the weather.
After a few dozen, we had a momentary break and I numbly said to Stacy, “they look younger….” We rejoiced a few years ago when we were there because the girls seemed to be getting older as the years wore on.
Today at community clinic we were able to care for 207 patients. Thank goodness for iced Vietnamese coffee and 60 cent coconuts. They use a meat cleaver to whack off the coconut shell and stick a straw in it. That much packaged coconut water would easily be like $6 in the States.
We are also thankful for big fans since we were working pretty much outside under a tin awning. We come to Cambodia in late January/early February because it is the cool season. Today’s high was only 97*F which explains the turtlenecks and jackets worn by the locals. And we may have seen an American missionary sporting a hoodie this weekend.
Those big fans were behind our work space across us and then toward the waiting area where dozens of patients were seated (they also had fans blowing at them). This culture is big on respecting elders and I was impressed when a middle aged man and woman allowed an elderly man to jump a few places in front of them. I didn’t realize just how much I loved those fans until my translator explained they were mopping up an area of the waiting space because the elderly man had diarrhea and didn’t realize it. Poor guy.
Being upwind was very nice and not just for the cooling effect.
Cheap plastic chairs = good choice.
Maybe those folks weren’t just respecting their elders after all.
There was, however, one community member who really warmed our hearts. We came back after lunch and saw a lady sitting in the line who we obviously had already seen. I’m not sure how to say it other than she looks almost caucasian because of her advanced vitiligo. To say she stands out in a crowd would be an understatement.
The group as a whole let her jump the line. She had come in the morning, gotten her glasses, took them home, and let a neighbor try them. That neighbor really liked them so she gave them to the neighbor. She was willing to come and sit in line again to replace the pair. That’s saying something when she had probably already spent 3 hours the first go ’round. We loved her giving spirit and the fact that the group as a whole supported her decision and let her be first after lunch.
May we all be so selfless.
Oh yeah and I got kicked by a Cambodian kickboxer today.
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2019-04-22T06:07:23Z
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https://2020aroundtheworld.wordpress.com/2019/02/05/insert-witty-title-here/
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Porn
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Health
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wordpress
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There a lot of active people who wear plus sizes nowadays. I think think that even the manufacturers and retailers are becoming aware of this fact and offer a activewear in plus sizes that come in moisture wicking and body fit modern fabrics. Here is one of my favorite brands for plus size workout clothing: QuikWik® and a comfortable Hoodie with Elbow Patch.
Contrast-colored elbow patches and piping details lend cozy charm to this moisture-wicking edition of the classic hooded top. Pull it on for outdoor workouts or everyday comfort. High-performance, anti-microbial QuikWik® is one of our all-time best sellers. This Junonia® exclusive wicks moisture, dries quickly and resists odor, providing sleek shaping and comfort without binding or chafing. (Size 1 length 29”). 90% Micropoly/10% Lycra. Machine wash cold. USA. Close fit.
Treat yourself to some glitter and celebrate the holidays this year in the season’s hottest jeweled look with this perfect empire waist evening gown in green.
Here is my suggestion for inexpensive, simple, yet chick separates to party in style this holiday season.
# This simple lace tee is a great piece to wear for any special occasion. Short sleeves. Cinched detail at bust. Lined. Lettuce edged sleeve hems. Unfinished hemline.
# Approx 26 1/2″ long.
# Women’s 14/16-30/32. Combine the tee with a black skirt and an elegant jacket.
# Box pleating gives this satiny skirt a crisp ladylike style. Side zip with hook and eye closure. Banded hem. Woven.
# Approx 23 3/4″ long.
This is the perfect clutch to complete all of your favorite looks!
Fake leather. Metal closure and trim. Turnlock closure. Inner zip pocket. Lined. Imported.
Channel your inner pin up girl in these bow trimmed pumps!
Man made materials. Imported. Cloud Heel Strike PadFlexible non-slip sole. Approx 3″ long. W/8/13.
A beautiful calf-length boot that doesn’t sacrifice style for comfort.
Gel insole in the heel.
Zipper closure down the instep side.
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2019-04-20T07:25:33Z
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https://plussizeclothingnews.wordpress.com/2008/11/
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Porn
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Shopping
| 0.884604 |
wordpress
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I am currently working on a quilt for my husband. I will post a pic. soon.
This embroidery is so sweet!
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2019-04-23T22:36:02Z
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https://practicalcreations.wordpress.com/2008/02/22/im-back-2/
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Porn
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Arts
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Standard-Definition Television is a kind of television system that provides lower resolution than HDTV and higher resolution than analog TV does. The word 'SDTV' is generally used at the digital television broadcasting system that has a similar or litle bit higher state of resolution to the 'analog television system'. Digital broadcasting system uses digital signals when they receive sound and movie. It is compared to analog TV that uses analog signals.
According to an ATSC standard, SDTV broadcasts in three ways. First, at ratio of length and width 16:9 and resolution 704x480. Second, at ratio 4:3 and resolution 704x480 Lastly, at ratio 4:3 and resolution 640x480. The first one has best quality, second one is next, and the last one is the worst. The screen's frame can be 24, 30, 60 per second. These are similar level with DVD. As mentioned at the 'Definition' tab, it has a better resolution than analog TV system, and has lower resolution than HDTV. Because it is a kind of digital broadcasting system, it can broadcast not only analog TV programs but also HDTV program (Of course there exists a difference in resolution).
SDTV has a similar state of resolution compared to analog TV. But SDTV is more vivid than analog TV because it has less noise. And it has better sound. The point that SDTV uses a digital broadcasting system makes SDTV have many accompaning functions. For example, multitasking, electronic program guide, and so on. This functions are impossible at analog TV. Compared to HDTV, it has lower resolution. But in fact, HDTV programs are not spread widely yet, and the cheaper price of SDTV makes consumers to use SDTV.
Generally, there are three types of TV. They are analog TV, SDTV and HDTV.
AnalogTV only can be compatible with analog signals, but both SDTV and HDTV can be compatible with not only analog but also digital signals.
This page was last changed on 16 January 2018, at 18:13.
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2019-04-22T00:10:32Z
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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard-definition_television
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Porn
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wordpress
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You know you’ve all heard it and typically when a story starts off with “that one time in ag class” you know it’s going to be good.
Throwing it back to collegiate FFA recruiting future Illinois State University aggies. Needless to say all of us in this pic went on to work in agriculture and are loving [most] every minute of it.
Like that one time in ag class when we went to the National FFA Convention and were jamming out to classical music at a stoplight, drinking starbucks, wearing cowboy hats. Or, like that one time in ag class when we went to State FFA Convention and we got lost on our way to the dance, ending up in the ghetto. Or that one time in ag class when I drove my pony cart to school. Yep, you never know what you’re going to get when you enroll in an ag class.
Well today, is National Teach Ag Day and here at AgriEnergy Resources we are reminiscing about the good ‘ol days like that one time in ag class.
So, if you’re reading this and you happen to be an ag teacher, maybe one of our ag teachers, thank you so much for all you do and continue to do for our industry. Enjoy your day!
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2019-04-22T22:36:05Z
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https://alldailydirt.wordpress.com/2015/09/24/that-one-time-in-ag-class/
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Porn
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Reference
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Adriano Olivetti in Venice, 1957.
Adriano Olivetti (born 11 April 1901 in Ivrea, Piedmont, died 27 February 1960 on a train from Milan to Lausanne) was an Italian engineer, politician and industrialist whose entrepreneurial activity thrived on the idea that profit should be reinvested for the benefits of the whole society. He was son of the founder of Olivetti, Camillo Olivetti, and Luisa Revel, the daughter of a prominent Waldensian pastor and scholar. Adriano Olivetti was known worldwide during his lifetime as the Italian manufacturer of Olivetti typewriters, calculators, and computers.
Olivetti was an entrepreneur and innovator who transformed shop-like operations into a modern factory. In and out of the factory, he both practiced and preached the utopian system of "the community movement," but he never managed to build a mass following.
The Olivetti empire had been begun by his father Camillo. Initially, the "factory" (consisting of 30 workers) concentrated on electric measurement devices. By 1908, 25 years after Remington in the United States, Olivetti started to produce typewriters.
Adriano's father Camillo, who was Jewish, believed that his children could get a better education at home. Adriano's formative years were spent under the tutelage of his mother, daughter of the local Waldensian pastor, an educated and sober woman. Also, as a socialist, Camillo emphasized the non-differentiation between manual and intellectual work. His children, during their time away from study, worked with and under the same conditions as his workers. The discipline and sobriety Camillo imposed on his family induced rebellion in Adriano's adolescence manifested by a dislike of "his father's" workplace and by his studying at a polytechnic school of subjects other than the mechanical engineering his father wanted.
Nevertheless, after graduation in chemical engineering at the Polytechnic University of Turin in 1924 he joined the company for a short while. When he became undesirable to Mussolini's Fascist regime, his father sent him to the United States to learn the roots of American industrial power. For the same reasons he later went to England. Upon his return he married Paola Levi, a daughter of Giuseppe Levi and a sister of his good friend Natalia Ginzburg; a marriage that produced three children but did not last long.
His visit to various plants in the United States, and especially Remington, convinced Adriano that productivity is a function of the organizational system. With the approval of father Camillo, he organized the production system at Olivetti on a quasi-Taylorian model and transformed the shop into a factory with departments and divisions. Possibly as a result of this reorganization, output per man-hour doubled within five years. Olivetti for the first time sold half of the typewriters used in Italy in 1933. Adriano Olivetti shared with his workers the productivity gains by increasing salaries, fringe benefits, and services.
In 1931 he visited the USSR and created an Advertising Department at Olivetti which worked with artists and designers. The creation of an Organization Office followed one year later, when he became general manager, and the project for the first portable typewriter started.
His success in business did not diminish his idealism. In the 1930s he developed an interest in architecture, as well as urban and community planning. He supervised a housing plan for the workers at Ivrea (a small city near Turin, where the Olivetti plant is still located) and a zoning proposal for the adjacent Aosta Valley. Under Fascism, patronizing workers at work and at home was in line with the corporative design of the regime. While Adriano showed distaste for the regime, he joined the Fascist Party and became a Catholic. Yet during World War II he participated in the underground antifascist movement, was jailed, and at the end sought refuge in Switzerland. There he was in close contact with the intellectual emigrees and he was able to develop further his socio-philosophy of the Community Movement. He also had contacts with representatives of the British Special Operations Executive. With these he tried to avoid Allied invasion of Italy and to obtain a negotiated Italian retreat from the war assuming a mediation of the Holy See and making strong the support that he enjoyed with influential Italian political circles.
During the immediate post-war years the Olivetti empire expanded rapidly, only to be briefly on the verge of bankruptcy after the acquisition of Underwood in the late 1950s. During this period, first calculators and then computers replaced the typewriter as a prime production focus. Adriano shared his time between business pursuits and attempts to practice and spread the utopian ideal of community life. His belief was that people who respect each other and their environment can avoid war and poverty. His utopian idea was similar to that preached by Charles Fourier and Robert Owen during the previous century.
In his enterprises, Adriano Olivetti's attempts at utopia may be translated in practice as actions of an enlightened boss or a form of corporatism. He decreased the hours of work and increased salaries and fringe benefits. By 1957 Olivetti workers were the best paid of all in the metallurgical industry and Olivetti workers showed the highest productivity. His corporatism also succeeded in having his workers accept a company union not tied to the powerful national metallurgical trade unions.
During the 1950s, in a limited way, the community movement succeeded politically in Ivrea. (Adriano was even elected mayor of Ivrea in 1956.) But the utopia at the factory and in Italy at large began withering away even before Adriano's death in 1960.
Adriano Olivetti's era saw great changes in Italian business and in industrial relations. New organizational methods were sought and humanistic idealism spread during the cruel time of World War II as well as during the difficult post-war years. The utopia of Olivetti could not have easily survived, but it helped induce the rapid reconversion of Italy's industry from war to peacetime production.
Cadeddu, Davide (2012). Reimagining democracy on the political project of Adriano Olivetti. New York: Springer. ISBN 9781461432586.
^ "Limprenditore rosso". Retrieved 12 June 2013.
^ "Adriano Olivetti". Fondazione Adriano Olivetti. Retrieved 12 June 2013.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Adriano Olivetti.
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https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adriano_Olivetti
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Business
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^ Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content. IETF. 2014-06 [2018-09-16] （英语）.
^ Your crawler is asking for strange URLs that never existed on my site, like /piopio/darkness-halo-bottom-camera.htm. Are you looking on the wrong host?. Yahoo Help. [2018-09-16]. （原始内容存档于2014-07-15） （英语）.
^ EricLaw. Friendly HTTP Error Pages. MSDN. 2010-08-10 [2018-09-16] （英语）.
^ Ross McGuinness. From skateboarding bears to missing children: The power of the 404 Not Found error page. Metro UK. 2013-04-16 [2018-09-16] （英语）.
^ Missing kids plan for 404 pages. BBC News. 2012-09-27 [2018-09-16] （英语）.
^ Don't be 404, know the tech slang. BBC. 2008-12-10 [2018-09-16] （英语）.
^ 2013年网络热词公布：错误代码“404”. 人民网. 2013-11-13. （原始内容存档于2015-01-13） （中文（中国大陆））.
^ 火墙内外：方滨兴辞职网民庆贺 防火墙之父任人评说. 美国之音. 2013-07-08 [2018-09-16] （中文）.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP/1.1): Semantics and Content#section-6.5.4. IETF. 2014-06 [2018-09-16] （英语）.
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2019-04-22T19:14:50Z
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https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh/HTTP_404
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Porn
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News
| 0.565155 |
google
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I am a Senior Lecturer (equivalent to Associate Professor) in philosophy at the University of Edinburgh. I work on and teach a broad range of topics, including feminism, moral responsibility, and ethics. My book, Ways to be Blameworthy: Rightness, Wrongness, and Responsibility is just out with Oxford University Press.
I am currently Deputy Head of Department and Postgraduate Director for Philosophy.
I spent the academic year 2015-16 on a Laurence S. Rockefeller Visiting Fellowship at Princeton University. I have also recently held visiting positions at Dartmouth College and The University of Colorado, Boulder. Before coming to Edinburgh I was an assistant professor at CU Boulder, and before that, assistant professor Arizona State University.
I did my PhD at Reading University, and during my studies spent time at the Australian National University (on a Northcote Scholarship) and at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
I am the Equalities officer for the British Society for Ethical Theory, and I am the Ethics area editor for the Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. I serve on the editorial board of Philosophical Quarterly and The Journal of Ethics and Social Philosophy. I am on the Executive Committee of The Aristotelian Society.
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2019-04-22T22:51:58Z
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https://sites.google.com/site/elinormasonphilosophy/home
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.816056 |
wikipedia
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^ Bentham and UCL. University College London. 2015 [2015-05-13]. （原始內容存檔於2015-02-26）.
^ 14.0 14.1 Biomedical Research Centres. National Health Service. 2014-11-20 [2015-05-13]. （原始內容存檔於2015-04-23）.
^ Who was Jeremy Bentham?. University College London. 2015 [2015-05-13]. （原始內容存檔於2015-04-14）.
^ Jeremy Bentham auto-icon. University College London. [2015-05-13]. （原始內容存檔於2014-10-06）.
^ 74.0 74.1 Comparison of the Numbers of Students of Overseas Nationality 2008-09 to 2014-15. University College London. 2015 [2015-05-13]. （原始內容存檔於2015-05-10）.
^ Our Vision. University College London Union. 2015 [2015-05-13]. （原始內容存檔於2015-05-18）.
^ Facts and Figures. University College London. [2015-05-13]. （原始內容存檔於2008-08-22）.
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2019-04-22T19:34:13Z
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https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E4%BC%A6%E6%95%A6%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.720273 |
google
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2006-11-20 Application filed by Pfizer Products Inc. filed Critical Pfizer Products Inc.
This invention is directed to compounds of the formula I as defined herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; a pharmaceutical composition containing a compound of formula I, a method of treatment of a disorder or condition that may be treated by antagonizing histamine H3 receptors, the method comprising administering to a mammal in need of such treatment a compound of formula I as described above, and a method of treatment of a disorder or condition selected from the group consisting of depression, mood disorders, schizophrenia, anxiety disorders, Alzheimer's disease, attention-deficit disorder (ADD), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), psychotic disorders, sleep disorders, obesity, dizziness, epilepsy, motion sickness, respiratory diseases, allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, allergic rhinitis, nasal congestion, allergic congestion, congestion, hypotension, cardiovascular disease, diseases of the Gl tract, hyper and hypo motility and acidic secretion of the gastro-intestinal tract, the method comprising administering to a mammal in need of such treatment a compound of formula I as described above.
This invention is directed to compounds of formula I described herein, to a pharmaceutical composition comprising such compounds, and to methods of treatment of disorders or conditions that may be treated by antagonizing histamine-3 (H3) receptors using such compounds. The histamine-3 (H3) receptor antagonists of the invention are useful for treating anxiety disorders, including, for example, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, PTSD, and social anxiety disorder; mood adjustment disorders, including depressed mood, mixed anxiety and depressed mood, disturbance of conduct, and mixed disturbance of conduct and depressed mood; age-associated learning and mental disorders, including Alzheimer's disease; attention adjustment disorders, such as attention-deficit disorders, or other cognitive disorders due to general medical conditions; attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder; psychotic disorders including schizoaffective disorders and schizophrenia; sleep disorders, including narcolepsy and enuresis; obesity; dizziness, epilepsy, and motion sickness. The H3 receptor antagonists of the invention are also useful for treating, for example, allergy, allergy-induced airway (e.g., upper airway) responses, congestion (e.g., nasal congestion), hypotension, cardiovascular disease, diseases of the Gl tract, hyper- and hypo-motility and acidic secretion of the gastrointestinal tract, sleeping disorders (e.g., hypersomnia, somnolence, and narcolepsy), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD), hypo- and hyper-activity of the central nervous system (for example, agitation and depression), and other CNS disorders (such as schizophrenia and migraine).
Histamine is a well-known mediator in hypersensitive reactions (e.g. allergies, hay fever, and asthma) that are commonly treated with antagonists of histamine or "antihistamines." It has also been established that histamine receptors exist in at least two distinct types, referred to as H1 and H2 receptors.
A third histamine receptor (H3 receptor) is believed to play a role in neurotransmission in the central nervous system, where the H3 receptor is thought to be disposed presynaptically on histaminergic nerve endings (Nature, 302, S32- 837 (1983)). The existence of the H3 receptor has been confirmed by the development of selective H3 receptor agonists and antagonists (Nature, 327, 117-123 (1987)) and has subsequently been shown to regulate the release of the neurotransmitters in both the central nervous system and peripheral organs, particularly the lungs, cardiovascular system and gastrointestinal tract.
A number of diseases or conditions may be treated with histamine-3 receptor ligands wherein the H3 ligand may be an antagonist, agonist or partial agonist, see: (Imamura et al., Circulation Res., (1996) 78, 475-481 ); (Imamura et al., Circ. Res., (1996) 78, 863-869); (Lin et al., Brain Res. (1990) 523, 325-330); (Monti et al., Neuropsvchopharmacoloqy (1996) 15, 31- 35); (Sakai et al., Life Sci. (1991) 48, 2397-2404); (Mazurkiewiez-Kwilecki and Nsonwah, Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. (1989) 67, 75-78); (Panula, P. et al., Neuroscience (1998) 44, 465-481); (Wada et al., Trends in Neuroscience (1991) 14.415); (Monti et al., Eur. J. Pharmacol. (1991) 205, 283); (Haas et al., Behav. Brain Res. (1995) 66, 41-44); (De Almeida and Izquierdo, Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. (1986) 283, 193-198); (Kamei et al., Psvchopharmacoloαv (1990) 102, 312-318); (Kamei and Sakata, Japan. J. Pharmacol. (199 1) 57, 437-482); (Schwartz et al., Psvchopharmacology; The Fourth Generation of Progress, Bloom and Kupfer (eds.), Raven Press, New York, (1995) 3, 97); (Shaywitz et al., Psvchopharmacoloqy (1984) 82, 73-77); (Dumery and Blozovski, Exp. Brain Res. (1987) 67, 61-69); (Tedford et al., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. (1995) 275, 598-604); (Tedford et al., Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. (1996) 22, 22); (Yokoyama et al., Eur. J. Pharmacol. (1993) 234, 129); (Yokoyama and linuma, CNS Drugs (1996) 5, 321); (Onodera et al., Prog. Neurobiol. (1994) 42, 685); (Leurs and Timmerman, Prog. Drug Res. (1992) 39,127); (The Histamine H3 Receptor, Leurs and Timmerman (ed.), Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (1998); (Leurs et al., Trends in Pharm. Sci. (1998) 19, 177-183); (Phillips et al., Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry (1998) 33, 31-40); (Matsubara et al., Eur. J. Pharmacol. (1992) 224, 145); (Rouleau et al., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. (1997) 28J, 1085); (Adam Szelag, "Role of histamine H3-receptors in the proliferation of neoplastic cells in vitro", Med. Sci. Monit.. 4(5): 747- 755, (1998)); (Fitzsimons, C, H. Duran, F. Labombarda, B. Molinari and E. Rivera, "Histamine receptors signalling in epidermal tumor cell lines with H-ras, gene alterations", Inflammation Res.. 47 (Suppl. 1): S50-S51 , (1998)); (R. Leurs, R.C. Vollinga and H. Timmerman, "The medicinal chemistry and therapeutic potentials of ligand of the histamine H3 receptor", Progress in Drug Research 45: 170-165, (1995)); (R. Levi and N.C.E. Smith, "Histamine H3-receptors: A new frontier in myocardial ischemia", J. Pharm. Exp. Ther., 292: 825-830, (2000)); (Hatta, E., K Yasuda and R. Levi, "Activation of histamine H3 receptors inhibits carrier-mediated norepinephrine release in a human model of protracted myocardial ischemia", J. Pharm. Exp. Ther.. 283: 494-500, (1997); (H. Yokoyama and K. linuma, "Histamine and Seizures: Implications for the treatment of epilepsy", CNS Drugs, 5(5); 321- 330, (1995)); (K. Hurukami, H. Yokoyama, K. Onodera, K. linuma and T. Watanabe, AQ-O 145, "A newly developed histamine H3 antagonist, decreased seizure susceptibility of electrically induced convulsions in mice", Meth. Find. Exp. Clin. Pharmacol.. 17(C): 70-73, (1995); (Delaunois A., Gustin P., Garbarg M., and Ansay M., "Modulation of acetylcholine, capsaicin and substance P effects by histamine H3 receptors in isolated perfused rabbit lungs". European Journal of Pharmacology 277(2-3):243-50, (1995)); and (Dimitriadou, et al., "Functional relationship between mast cells and C- sensitive nerve fibres evidenced by histamine H3-receptor modulation in rat lung and spleen", Clinical Science 87(2): 151 -63. (1994). Such diseases or conditions include cardiovascular disorders such as acute myocardial infarction; memory processes, dementia and cognition disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, depression, epilepsy, and seizures or convulsions; cancer such as cutaneous carcinoma," medullary thyroid carcinoma and melanoma; respiratory disorders such as asthma; sleep disorders such as narcolepsy; vestibular dysfunction such as Meniere's disease; gastrointestinal disorders, inflammation, migraine, motion sickness, obesity, pain, and septic shock.
H3 receptor antagonists have also been previously described in, for example, WO 03/050099, WO 02/0769252, and WO 02/12224. The histamine H3 receptor (H3R) regulates the release of histamine and other neurotransmitters, including serotonin and acetylcholine. H3R is relatively neuron specific and inhibits the release of certain monoamines such as histamine. Selective antagonism of H3R raises brain histamine levels and inhibits such activities as food consumption while minimizing non-specific peripheral consequences. Antagonists of the receptor increase synthesis and release of cerebral histamine and other monoamines. By this mechanism, they induce a prolonged wakefulness, improved cognitive function, reduction in food intake and normalization of vestibular reflexes. Accordingly, the receptor is an important target for new therapeutics in Alzheimer's disease, mood and attention adjustments, including attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD), cognitive deficiencies, obesity, dizziness, schizophrenia, epilepsy, sleeping disorders, narcolepsy and motion sickness, and various forms of anxiety. The majority of histamine H3 receptor antagonists to date resemble histamine in possessing an imidazole ring that may be substituted, as described, for example, in WO 96/38142. Non-imidazole neuroactive compounds such as beta histamines (Arrang, Eur. J. Pharm. 1985, 111:72-84) demonstrated some histamine H3 receptor activity but with poor potency. EP 978512 and EP 982300 disclose non-imidazole alkyamines as histamine H3 receptor antagonists. WO 02/12224 (Ortho McNeil Pharmaceuticals) describes non- imidazole bicyclic derivatives as histamine H3 receptor ligands, and EP 1275647 (Les Laboratoires Servier) has disclosed novel octahydro-2H-pyrido[1 ,2-a]pyrazines that are selective H3 receptor antagonists. Other receptor antagonists have been described in WO 02/32893 and WO 02/06233. The prior art also includes WO-96/39140 (Merck & Co.), which discloses novel spiro- piperidine chromans and their use as alpha-1a adrenergic receptor antagonists to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BHP).
The present invention is directed to histamine-3 (H3) receptor antagonists useful for treating the conditions listed in the preceding paragraphs. The compounds of this invention are highly selective for the H3 receptor (vs. other histamine receptors), and possess remarkable drug disposition properties (pharmacokinetics). In particular, the compounds of this invention selectively distinguish H3R from the other receptor subtypes HiR, H2R. In view of the increased level of interest in histamine H3 receptor agonists, inverse agonists and antagonists in the art, novel compounds that interact with the histamine H3 receptor would be a highly desirable contribution to the art. The present invention provides such a contribution to the art being based on the finding that a novel class of spirocyclic amine compounds exhibits a high and specific affinity to the histamine H3 receptor.
(optionally substituted), (C0-C3)alkyl-heteroaryl (optionally substituted); and n is 0, 1 , 2 or 3.
Where cis and trans isomers are possible for an embodiment of the inventive compound of formula I, both cis and trans isomers are to be included within the scope of the invention.
The term "alkyl" refers to straight or branched chains of carbon atoms. Exemplary alkyl groups are C1-C6 alkyl groups which include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, pentyl, isopentyl, hexyl, and the like, including all regioisomeric forms thereof, and straight and branched chain forms thereof. The term "alkyl" is also used to denote straight or branched chains of carbon atoms having one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, such as vinyl, allyl, butenyl, and the like, as well as straight or branched chains of carbon atoms having one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds, such as ethynyl, propargyl, butynyl, and the like. The term "aryl" denotes a cyclic, aromatic hydrocarbon. Examples of aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl, and the like. The terms "alkoxy" and "aryloxy" denote "O-alkyl" and "O-aryl", respectively. The term "cycloalkyl" denotes a cyclic group of carbon atoms, where the ring formed by the carbon atoms may be saturated or may comprise one or more carbon-carbon double bonds in the ring. Examples of cycloalkyl groups include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and the like, as well as cyclopentenyi, cyclopentadienyl, cyclohexenyl, cyclohexadienyl, and the like. As used herein, the term "cycloalkyl" is also intended to denote a cyclic group comprising at least two fused rings, such as adamantanyl, decahydronaphthalinyl, norbornanyl, where the cyclic group may also have one or more carbon-carbon double bonds in one or both rings, such as in bicyclo[4.3.0]nona-3,6(1)-dienyl, dicyclopentadienyl, 1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalinyl (tetralinyl), indenyl, and the like. The term "halogen" represents chloro, fluoro, bromo, and iodo. The term "heteroaryl" denotes a monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic group wherein one or more carbon atoms are replaced with heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. If the heteroaryl group contains more than one heteroatom, the heteroatoms may be the same or different. Preferred heteroaryl groups are five- to fourteen- member rings that contain from one to three heteroatoms independently selected from oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. Examples of preferred heteroaryl groups include benzo[b]thienyl, chromenyl, furyl, imidazolyl, indazolyl, indolizinyl, indolyl, isobenzofuranyl, isoindolyl, isoquinolyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, naphthyridinyl, oxadiazolyl, oxazinyl, oxazolyl, phthalazinyl, pteridinyl, purinyl, pyranyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrrolyl, quinolizinyl, quinolyl, quinoxalinyl, thiazolyl, thienyl, triazinyl, triazolyl, and xanthenyl.
The term "heterocycloalkyl" denotes a cycloalkyl system, wherein "cycloalkyl" is defined above, in which one or more of the ring carbon atoms are replaced with a heteroatom selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. Examples of such heterocycloalkyl groups include azabicycloheptanyl, azetidinyl, benzazepinyl, 1 ,3- dihydroisoindolyl, indolinyl, tetrahydrofuryl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, morpholinyl, piperazinyl, piperidyl, pyrrolidinyl, and, tetrahydro-2H-1 ,4-thiazinyl.
A cyclic group may be bonded to another group in more than one way. If no particular bonding arrangement is specified, then all possible arrangements are intended. For example, the term "pyridyl" includes 2-, 3-, or 4-pyridyl, and the term "thienyl" includes 2- or 3-thienyl. The term "C0-C4" includes the embodiment where there are no carbons in a chain.
Thus, for example, the groups "C3-C7 cycloalkyl-C0-C4 alkyl," "C6-C14 aryl-C0-C4 alkyl," "5-10- membered heteroaryl-C0-C4 alkyl," and "C6-Ci4 aryl-C0-C4 alkylene-O-C0-C4 alkyl" include C3- C7 cycloalkyl, C6-C14 aryl, 5-10-membered heteroaryl, and C6-C14 aryl- 0-C0-C4 alkyl, respectively.
The term "C1-C4 dialkylamino" refers to a dialkylamino group in which each alkyl- group is independently a C1-C4 alkyl group. This invention is also directed to: a pharmaceutical composition for treating, for example, a disorder or condition that may be treated by antagonizing histamine-3 receptors, the composition comprising a compound of formula I as described above, and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier; a method of treatment of a disorder or condition that may be treated by antagonizing histamine-3 receptors, the method comprising administering to a mammal in need of such treatment a compound of formula I as described above; and a pharmaceutical composition for treating, for example, a disorder or condition selected from the group consisting of depression, mood disorders, schizophrenia, anxiety disorders, Alzheimer's disease, attention deficit disorder (ADD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), psychotic disorders, sleep disorders, obesity, dizziness, epilepsy, motion sickness, respiratory diseases, allergy, allergy-induced airway responses, allergic rhinitis, nasal congestion, allergic congestion, congestion, hypotension, cardiovascular disease, diseases of the Gl tract, hyper and hypo motility and acidic secretion of the gastrointestinal tract, the composition comprising a compound of formula I as described above, and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
This invention is also directed to a method of treatment of a disorder or condition selected from the group consisting of the disorders or conditions listed in the preceding paragraph, the method comprising administering to a mammal in need of such treatment a compound of formula I as described above.
The histamine-3 (H3) receptor antagonists of the invention are useful for treating, in particular, ADD, ADHD, obesity, anxiety disorders and respiratory diseases. Respiratory diseases that may be treated by the present invention include adult respiratory distress syndrome, acute respiratory distress syndrome, bronchitis, chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, asthma, emphysema, rhinitis and chronic sinusitis.
The pharmaceutical composition and method of this invention may also be used for preventing a relapse in a disorder or condition described in the previous paragraphs. Preventing such relapse is accomplished by administering to a mammal in need of such prevention a compound of formula I as described above.
The disclosed compounds may also be used as part of a combination therapy, including their administration as separate entities or combined in a single delivery system, which employs an effective dose of a histamine H3 antagonist compound of general formula I and an effective dose of a histamine H1 antagonist, such as cetirizine (Zyrtec™), for the treatment of allergic rhinitis, nasal congestion and allergic congestion.
The disclosed compounds may also be used as part of a combination therapy, including their administration as separate entities or combined in a single delivery system, which employs an effective dose of a histamine H3 antagonist compound of general formula I and an effective dose of a neurotransmitter reuptake blocker. Examples of neurotransmitter reuptake blockers will include the serotonin-selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRI's) like sertraline (Zoloft™), fluoxetine (Prozac™), and paroxetine (Paxil™), or non-selective serotonin, dopamine or norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors for treating depression and mood disorders.
The compounds of the present invention may have optical centers and therefore may occur in different enantiomeric configurations. Formula I, as depicted above, includes all enantiomers, diastereomers, and other stereoisomers of the compounds depicted in structural formula I, as well as racemic and other mixtures thereof. Individual isomers can be obtained by known methods, such as optical resolution, optically selective reaction, or chromatographic separation in the preparation of the final product or its intermediate.
The present invention also includes isotopically labeled compounds, which are identical to those recited in formula I, but for the fact that one or more atoms are replaced by an atom having an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number usually found in nature. Examples of isotopes that can be incorporated into compounds of the present invention include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, sulfur, fluorine and chlorine, such as 2H, 3H, 13C, 11C, 14C, 15N, 180, 17O, 31P, 32P, 35S, 18F, and 36CI, respectively. Compounds of the present invention, prodrugs thereof, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of said compounds or of said prodrugs which contain the aforementioned isotopes and/or other isotopes of other atoms are within the scope of this invention. Certain isotopically labeled compounds of the present invention, for example those into which radioactive isotopes such as 3H and 14C are incorporated, are useful in drug and/or substrate tissue distribution assays. Tritiated, i.e., 3H, and carbon-14, i.e., 14C, isotopes are particularly preferred for their ease of preparation and detectability. Further, substitution with heavier isotopes such as deuterium, i.e., 2H, can afford certain therapeutic advantages resulting from greater metabolic stability, for example increased in vivo half-life or reduced dosage requirements and, hence, may be preferred in some circumstances. Isotopically labeled compounds of formula I of this invention and prodrugs thereof can generally be prepared by carrying out the procedures disclosed in the Schemes and/or in the Examples and Preparations below, by substituting a readily available isotopically labeled reagent for a non-isotopically labeled reagent. "Antagonizing histamine-3 (H3) receptors," as used herein, refers to acting as a histamine-3 receptor antagonist.
A "unit dosage form" as used herein is any form that contains a unit dose of the compound of formula I. A unit dosage form may be, for example, in the form of a tablet or a capsule. The unit dosage form may also be in liquid form, such as a solution or suspension.
The compositions of the present invention may be formulated in a conventional manner using one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. Thus, the active compounds of the invention may be formulated for oral, buccal, intranasal, parenteral (e.g., intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous) or rectal administration or in a form suitable for administration by inhalation or insufflation.
For oral administration, the pharmaceutical compositions may take the form of, for example, tablets or capsules prepared by conventional means with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients such as binding agents (e.g., pre-gelatinized maize starch, polyvinylpyrrolidone or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose); fillers (e.g., lactose, microcrystalline cellulose or calcium phosphate); lubricants (e.g., magnesium stearate, talc or silica); disintegrants (e.g., potato starch or sodium starch glycolate); or wetting agents (e.g., sodium lauryl sulfate). The tablets may be coated by methods well known in the art. Liquid preparations for oral administration may take the form of, for example, solutions, syrups or suspensions, or they may be presented as a dry product for constitution with water or other suitable vehicle before use. Such liquid preparations may be prepared by conventional means with pharmaceutically acceptable additives such as suspending agents (e.g., sorbitol syrup, methyl cellulose or hydrogenated edible fats); emulsifying agents (e.g., lecithin or acacia); non-aqueous vehicles (e.g., almond oil, oily esters or ethyl alcohol); and preservatives (e.g., methyl or propyl p-hydroxybenzoates or sorbic acid). For buccal administration, the composition may take the form of tablets or lozenges formulated in conventional manner.
The active compounds of the invention may be formulated for parenteral administration by injection, including using conventional catheterization techniques or infusion. Formulations for injection may be presented in unit dosage form, e.g., in ampoules or in multi-dose containers, with an added preservative. The compositions may take such forms as suspensions, solutions or emulsions in oily or aqueous vehicles, and may contain formulating agents such as suspending, stabilizing and/or dispersing agents. Alternatively, the active ingredient may be in powder form for reconstitution with a suitable vehicle, e.g., sterile pyrogen-free water, before use. The active compounds of the invention may also be formulated in rectal compositions such as suppositories or retention enemas, e.g., containing conventional suppository bases such as cocoa butter or other glycerides. For intranasal administration or administration by inhalation, the active compounds of the invention are conveniently delivered in the form of a solution or suspension from a pump spray container that is squeezed or pumped by the patient or as an aerosol spray presentation from a pressurized container or a nebulizer, with the use of a suitable propellant, e.g., dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane, carbon dioxide or other suitable gas. In the case of a pressurized aerosol, the dosage unit may be determined by providing a valve to deliver a metered amount. The pressurized container or nebulizer may contain a solution or suspension of the active compound. Capsules and cartridges (made, for example, from gelatin) for use in an inhaler or insufflator may be formulated containing a powder mix of a compound of the invention and a suitable powder base such as lactose or starch.
A proposed dose of the active compounds of the invention for oral, parenteral or buccal administration to the average adult human for the treatment of the conditions referred to above (e.g., depression) is 0.1 to 200 mg of the active ingredient per unit dose which could be administered, for example, 1 to 4 times per day.
Aerosol formulations for treatment of the conditions referred to above (e.g., attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) in the average human are preferably arranged so that each metered dose or "puff" of aerosol contains 20 μg to 1000 μg of the compound of the invention. The overall daily dose with an aerosol will be within the range 100 μg to 100 mg. Administration may be several times daily, for example 2, 3, 4 or 8 times, giving for example, 1 , 2 or 3 doses each time.
In connection with the use of an active compound of this invention with a histamine H1 antagonist, preferably cetirizine, for the treatment of subjects possessing any of the above conditions, it is to be noted that these compounds may be administered either alone or in combination with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers by either of the routes previously indicated, and that such administration can be carried out in both single and multiple dosages. More particularly, the active combination can be administered in a wide variety of different dosage forms, i.e., they may be combined with various pharmaceutically acceptable inert carriers in the form of tablets, capsules, lozenges, troches, hard candies, powders, sprays, aqueous suspension, injectable solutions, elixirs, syrups, and the like. Such carriers include solid diluents or fillers, sterile aqueous media and various non-toxic organic solvents, etc. Moreover, such oral pharmaceutical formulations can be suitably sweetened and/or flavored by means of various agents of the type commonly employed for such purposes. In general, the compounds of formula I are present in such dosage forms at concentration levels ranging from about 0.5% to about 95% by weight of the total composition, i.e., in amounts which are sufficient to provide the desired unit dosage and a histamine H1 antagonist, preferably cetirizine, is present in such dosage forms at concentration levels ranging from about 0.5% to about 95% by weight of the total composition, i.e., in amounts which are sufficient to provide the desired unit dosage.
A proposed daily dose of an active compound of this invention in the combination formulation (a formulation containing an active compound of this invention and a histamine H-i antagonist) for oral, parenteral, rectal or buccal administration to the average adult human for the treatment of the conditions referred to above is from about 0.01 mg to about 2000 mg, preferably from about 0.1 mg to about 200 mg of the active ingredient of formula I per unit dose which could be administered, for example, 1 to 4 times per day.
2000 mg, preferably from about 1 mg to about 200 mg of the histamine H1 antagonist per unit dose which could be administered, for example, 1 to 4 times per day.
A preferred dose ratio of cetirizine to an active compound of this invention in the combination formulation for oral, parenteral or buccal administration to the average adult human for the treatment of the conditions referred to above is from about 0.00005 to about 20,000, preferably from about 0.25 to about 2,000.
Aerosol combination formulations for treatment of the conditions referred to above in the average adult human are preferably arranged so that each metered dose or "puff' of aerosol contains from about 0.01 μg to about 100 mg of the active compound of this invention, preferably from about 1 μg to about 10 mg of such compound. Administration may be several times daily, for example 2, 3, 4 or 8 times, giving for example, 1 , 2 or 3 doses each time.
Aerosol formulations for treatment of the conditions referred to above in the average adult human are preferably arranged so that each metered dose or "puff' of aerosol contains from about 0.01 mg to about 2000 mg of a histamine H1 antagonist, preferably cetirizine, preferably from about 1 mg to about 200 mg of cetirizine. Administration may be several times daily, for example 2, 3, 4 or 8 times, giving for example, 1, 2 or 3 doses each time.
As previously indicated, a histamine H1 antagonist, preferably cetirizine, in combination with compounds of formula I are readily adapted to therapeutic use as antiallergy agents. In general, these antiallergy compositions containing a histamine H1 antagonist, preferably cetirizine, and a compound of formula I are normally administered in dosages ranging from about 0.01 mg to about 100 mg per kg of body weight per day of a histamine H1 antagonist, preferably cetirizine, preferably from about 0.1 mg. to about 10 mg per kg of body weight per day of cetirizine; with from about 0.001 mg. to about 100 mg per kg of body weight per day of a compound of formula I, preferably from about 0.01 mg to about 10 mg per kg of body weight per day of a compound of formula I, although variations will necessarily occur depending upon the conditions of the subject being treated and the particular route of administration chosen.
In connection with the use of an active compound of this invention with a 5-HT reuptake inhibitor, preferably sertraline, for the treatment of subjects possessing any of the above conditions, it is to be noted that these compounds may be administered either alone or in combination with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers by either of the routes previously indicated, and that such administration can be carried out in both single and multiple dosages. More particularly, the active combination can be administered in a wide variety of different dosage forms, i.e., they may be combined with various pharmaceutically-acceptable inert carriers in the form of tablets, capsules, lozenges, troches, hard candies, powders, sprays, aqueous suspension, injectable solutions, elixirs, syrups, and the like. Such carriers include solid diluents or fillers, sterile aqueous media and various non-toxic organic solvents, etc. Moreover, such oral pharmaceutical formulations can be suitably sweetened and/or flavored by means of various agents of the type commonly employed for such purposes. In general, the compounds of formula I are present in such dosage forms at concentration levels ranging from about 0.5% to about 95% by weight of the total composition, i.e., in amounts which are sufficient to provide the desired unit dosage and a 5-HT re-uptake inhibitor, preferably sertraline, is present in such dosage forms at concentration levels ranging from about 0.5% to about 95% by weight of the total composition, i.e., in amounts which are sufficient to provide the desired unit dosage.
A proposed daily dose of an active compound of this invention in the combination formulation (a formulation containing an active compound of this invention and a 5-HT reuptake inhibitor) for oral, parenteral, rectal or buccal administration to the average adult human for the treatment of the conditions referred to above is from about 0.01 mg to about 2000 mg, preferably from about 0.1 mg to about 200 mg of the active ingredient of formula I per unit dose which could be administered, for example, 1 to 4 times per day.
A proposed daily dose of a 5-HT re-uptake inhibitor, preferably sertraline, in the combination formulation for oral, parenteral or buccal administration to the average adult human for the treatment of the conditions referred to above is from about 0.1 mg to about 2000 mg, preferably from about 1 mg to about 200 mg of the 5-HT re-uptake inhibitor per unit dose which could be administered, for example, 1 to 4 times per day.
A preferred dose ratio of sertraline to an active compound of this invention in the combination formulation for oral, parenteral or buccal administration to the average adult human for the treatment of the conditions referred to above is from about 0.00005 to about 20,000, preferably from about 0.25 to about 2,000.
Aerosol combination formulations for treatment of the conditions referred to above in the average adult human are preferably arranged so that each metered dose or "puff' of aerosol contains from about 0.01 μg to about 100 mg of the active compound of this invention, preferably from about 1 μg to about 10 mg of such compound. Administration may be several times daily, for example 2, 3, 4 or 8 times, giving for example, 1 , 2 or 3 doses each time. Aerosol formulations for treatment of the conditions referred to above in the average adult human are preferably arranged so that each metered dose or "puff' of aerosol contains from about 0.01 mg to about 2000 mg of a 5-HT re-uptake inhibitor, preferably sertraline, preferably from about 1 mg to about 200 mg of sertraline. Administration may be several times daily, for example 2, 3, 4 or 8 times, giving for example, 1 , 2 or 3 doses each time. As previously indicated, a 5-HT re-uptake inhibitor, preferably sertraline, in combination with compounds of formula I are readily adapted to therapeutic use as antidepressant agents. In general, these antidepressant compositions containing a 5-HT reuptake inhibitor, preferably sertraline, and a compound of formula I are normally administered in dosages ranging from about 0.01 mg to about 100 mg per kg of body weight per day of a 5-HT re-uptake inhibitor, preferably sertraline, preferably from about 0.1 mg. to about 10 mg per kg of body weight per day of sertraline; with from about 0.001 mg. to about 100 mg per kg of body weight per day of a compound of formula 1, preferably from about 0.01 mg to about 10 mg per kg of body weight per day of a compound of formula I, although variations will necessarily occur depending upon the conditions of the subject being treated and the particular route of administration chosen.
Anxiety disorders include, for example, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, PTSD, and social anxiety disorder. Mood adjustment disorders include, for example, depressed mood, mixed anxiety and depressed mood, disturbance of conduct, and mixed disturbance of conduct and depressed mood. Attention adjustment disorders include, for example, in addition to ADHD, attention deficit disorders or other cognitive disorders due to general medical conditions. Psychotic disorders include, for example, schizoaffective disorders and schizophrenia; sleep disorders include, for example, narcolepsy and enuresis.
Examples of the disorders or conditions which may be treated by the compound, composition and method of this invention are also as follows: depression, including, for example, depression in cancer patients, depression in Parkinson's patients, post-myocardial Infarction depression, depression in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)1 Subsyndromal Symptomatic depression, depression in infertile women, pediatric depression, major depression, single episode depression, recurrent depression, child abuse induced depression, post partum depression, DSM-IV major depression, treatment-refractory major depression, severe depression, psychotic depression, post-stroke depression, neuropathic pain, manic depressive illness, including manic depressive illness with mixed episodes and manic depressive illness with depressive episodes, seasonal affective disorder, bipolar depression BP I, bipolar depression BP II, or major depression with dysthymia; dysthymia; phobias, including, for example, agoraphobia, social phobia or simple phobias; eating disorders, including, for example, anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa; chemical dependencies, including, for example, addictions to alcohol, cocaine, amphetamine and other psychostimulants, morphine, heroin and other opioid agonists, phenobarbital and other barbiturates, nicotine, diazepam, benzodiazepines and other psychoactive substances; Parkinson's diseases, including, for example, dementia in Parkinson's disease, neuroleptic- induced parkinsonism or tardive dyskinesias; headache, including, for example, headache associated with vascular disorders; withdrawal syndrome; age-associated learning and mental disorders; apathy; bipolar disorder; chronic fatigue syndrome; chronic or acute stress; conduct disorder; cyclothymic disorder; somatoform disorders such as somatization disorder, conversion disorder, pain disorder, hypochondriasis, body dysmorphic disorder, undifferentiated disorder, and somatoform NOS; incontinence; inhalation disorders; intoxication disorders; mania; oppositional defiant disorder; peripheral neuropathy; post- traumatic stress disorder; late luteal phase dysphoric disorder; specific developmental disorders; SSRl "poop out" syndrome, or a patient's failure to maintain a satisfactory response to SSRI therapy after an initial period of satisfactory response; and tic disorders including Tourette's disease.
As an example, the mammal in need of the treatment or prevention may be a human. As another example, the mammal in need of the treatment or prevention may be a mammal other than a human.
A compound of formula I, which is basic in nature, is capable of forming a wide variety of different salts with various inorganic and organic acids. The acid addition salts are readily prepared by treating the base compounds with a substantially equivalent amount of the chosen mineral or organic acid in an aqueous solvent medium or in a suitable organic solvent such as methanol or ethanol. Upon careful evaporation of the solvent, the desired solid salt is obtained.
(D): (B) wherein n is one and R3 and R4 are both hydrogen; or R3 is methyl and R4 is hydrogen. The most preferred embodiment of the present invention includes the compounds of formula I in which R1 and R2 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a piperidine ring, R3, R4 and R5 are hydrogen, R6 is phenyl, k=0, m=3 and n=1.
1'-ethyl-6-(pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)-3,4-dihydrospiro[chromene-2,4'-piperidine]; 1I-ethyl-6-(morpholin-1-ylmethyl) 3,4-dihydrospiro[chromene-2,4'-piperidine]; δ-φyrrolidin-i-ylmethylJ-S^-dihydrospirotchromene^'-piperidine]; 1 '-methyl-6-(morpholin-1 -ylmethyl) 3,4-dihydrospiro[chromene-2,4'-piperidine]; and I'-methyl-δ-Cpyrrolidin-i-ylmethyO S^-dihydrospirofchromene^^'-piperidine].
Detailed Description of the Invention The compounds of formula I according to the invention may be prepared by the general procedure shown in Schemes 1 and 2.
Thus, a carboxylic acid of general formula IV (Y=COOH, as described in WO- 2000/003681), can be converted to a carboxamide of general formula IV wherein Y = CONR1R2 using methods know to one skilled in the art. Such processes include, e.g., a.) conversion of the carboxylic acid to its carboxylic acid chloride using reagents such as thionyl chloride or oxalyl chloride, in a reaction inert solvent like methylene chloride or chloroform, followed by reaction with an amine of general formula HNR1R2, b.) conversion of the acid to a carboxylic acid anhydride or mixed anhydride, followed by reaction of said anhydride with an amine of general formula HNR1R2 as above, c.) activation of the acid with a reagent like dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCI), followed by reaction of the activated intermediate with an amine of general formula HNR1R2. Methods for effecting this conversion are widely disclosed in the chemical literature.
The foregoing compounds of general formula IV can be converted to the intermediates of general formula V using reducing agents selective for the reduction of the carbonyl (C=O) group alone (i.e., V, Y = CONR1R2), or in addition to reducing the amide carbonyl (i.e., V, Y=CH2NR1R2). For example, treatment of the compounds of general formula IV with a reagent like NaBH4 in methanol or ethanol will reduce the carbonyl group to a CH(OH) group but leave the amide carbonyl intact, whereas treatment with LiAlH4 in a solvent like THF or diethyl ether is generally employed to simultaneously reduce the carbonyl to an alcohol and the carboxamide to the corresponding alkylamine.
Compounds of general formula V may then be converted to the intermediates of general formula Vl via the elimination of water to form a carbon-carbon double bond (i.e., C=C). This transformation can be effected in a number of different processes that are well known to one skilled in the art of organic chemistry. For example, efficient methods for this conversion include, among many others: a.) heating the alcohol of general formula V with a strong acid like hydrochloric acid, or an organic acid like p-toluenesulfonic acid, in an inert solvent in an apparatus designed to remove the water formed; b.) heating the compound V in a solvent like benzene or toluene in the presence of activated molecular sieves or in an apparatus designed to remove the solvent-water azeotrope.
The compounds of general formula Vl so prepared can then be converted to the compounds of general formula I via hydrogenation of the C=C bond. This transformation can be achieved using catalytic reduction conditions, e.g., treatment of Vl in a reaction inert solvent with hydrogen gas (H2) in the presence of a catalyst (e.g., Pt, Pd, Rh) and in the presence or absence of an equivalent amount of a mineral acid, such as HCI, HBr or HI.
Compounds of general formula IV (Y=H), prepared in the same manner as for compounds of formula IV in Scheme I, can be reduced to the corresponding alcohols of general formula V using reagents and conditions as described for converting IV to V according to Scheme I. The intermediate alcohols of formula V can then be dehydrated to the intermediates of formula Vl, as described for the conversion of V to Vl in Scheme I, and subsequently converted to the compounds of general formula VII according to the method described for the conversion of Vl to I.
To obtain compounds of general formula I wherein R4 is not hydrogen, it is also possible to convert an intermediate of general formula IV to an intermediate of general formula Vl. A number of general methods and reagents are available to effect such a conversion including, for example, the reaction of an intermediate of formula IV with a Grignard reagent of general formula R4MgB, wherein R4 is as defined previously and B is a halogen, e.g., bromine, followed by elimination of water to form the carbon-carbon double bond in Vl. Alternatively, the intermediate IV may be reacted with an alkyl lithium reagent of general formula R4Li, followed by dehydration of the tertiary alcohol to create the unsaturated intermediate of formula Vl.
Compounds of general formula VII can then be converted to the intermediates of general formula VIII by adapting methods disclosed in the chemical literature for the syntheses of aryl aldehydes and ketones. For example, compounds of formula VII may be treated with a reagent such as dichloromethyl methyl ether (i.e., CI2CHOCH3) to produce an aldehyde of the general formula VIII wherein Y = CHO (i.e., R3 = H). When R3 is not hydrogen (e.g., C1-C6 alkyl), the intermediate of formula VIII may be prepared using e.g., Friedel-Crafts conditions, such as R3COCI and a Lewis acid such as AICI3, SnCI2 or BF3 as a catalyst in a reaction inert solvent like chloroform or carbon disulfide.
The imine may then be isolated or further reduced to the product of general formula I in situ with a reagent like sodium borohydride, lithium borohydride, sodium triacetoxyborohydride or sodium cyanoborohydride in a solvent like methanol or ethanol at a temperature of about -200C to about 5O0C; preferably this conversion is done using sodium borohydride in methanol at room temperature.
Solvents were purchased and used without purification. Yields were calculated for material judged homogenous by thin layer chromatography and NMR. Thin layer chromatography was performed on Merck Kieselgel 60 F 254 plates eluting with the solvents indicated, visualized by a 254 nm UV lamp, and stained with either an aqueous KMnO4 solution or an ethanolic solution of 12-molybdophosphoric acid. Flash column chromatography was performed with using either pre-packed Biotage® or ISCO columns using the size indicated. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were acquired on a Unity 400 or 500 at 400 MHz or 500 MHz for 1H, respectively, and 100 MHz or 125 MHz for 13C NMR, respectively. Chemical shifts for proton 1H NMR spectra are reported in parts per million relative to the singlet of CDCI3 at 7.24 ppm. Chemical shifts for 13C NMR spectra are reported in parts per million downfield relative to the centerline of the triplet of CDCI3 at 77.0 ppm. Mass spectra analyses were performed on a APCI Gilson 215, micromass ZMD (50% Acetonitrile / 50% water) spectrometer.
Method A: Preparative conditions (Waters 600 & Waters 2767 Sample Manager); Column: Waters Symmetry C18, 5μm, 30 x 150 mm steel column, part # WAT248000, serial # M12921A01 ; solvent A - 0.1% Trifluoroacetic acid/water; solvent B - Acetonitrile; volume of injection: 850 μL; time 0.0, 100% solvent A, 0% solvent B, flow 20; time 2.0, 100% solvent A, 0% solvent B, flow 20; time 12.0, 0% solvent A, 100% solvent B, flow 20; time 15.0, 0% solvent A, 100% solvent B, flow 20; time 15.1 , 100% solvent A, 0% solvent B, flow 20; time 20.0, 100% solvent A, 0% solvent B, flow 20.
Mass spectral (micromassZO) conditions; Capillary(kV): 3.0; Cone (V): 20; Extractor (V): 3.0; RF Lens (V): 0.5; Source temp. (0C): 120; Desolvation temp. (0C): 360; Desolvation gas flow (L/hr): 450; Cone gas flow (L/hr): 150; LM Resolution: 15; HM Resolution: 15; Ion Energy: 0.2; Multiplier: 550.
Acetonitrile; volume of injection: 1050 μL; time 0.0, 100% solvent A, 0% solvent B, flow 20; time 2.0, 100% solvent A, 0% solvent B, flow 20; time 12.0, 0% solvent A, 100% solvent B, flow 20; time 14.0, 0% solvent A, 100% solvent B, flow 20; time 14.1 , 100% solvent A, 0% solvent B, flow 20; time 19.1 , 100% solvent A, 0% solvent B, flow 20.
Splitter; Acurate by LC Packings, 1/10,000; Upchurch needle valve setting: 14; Make up pump (Waters 515) Flow (ml/min.): 1. PDA (Waters 996) Settings; Start/End wavelength (nm): 200/600; Resolution: 1.2; Sample Rate: 1; Channels: TIC, 254 nm and 220 nm.
100% solvent B, flow 20; time 12.0, 0% solvent A, 100% solvent B, flow 20.
Start/End wavelength (nm): 200/600; Resolution: 1.2; Sample Rate: 1 ; Channels: TIC1 254 nm and 220 nm.
A mixture of 3-acetyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid (5.0 g, 27.2 mmol) and t-butyl-4-oxo- piperidinecarboxylate (5.52 g, 27.7 mmol) in methanol (20OmL) was treated at rt with pyrrolidine (2.42 g, 2.4 ml_, 27.7 mmol) to give a thick yellow slurry. After stirring for 48 hr at rt, the brown mixture was concentrated in vacuo to a pasty brown sludge. Addition of Et2O with stirring formed yellow crystals that tended to gum on standing. This material was used without further purification in the formation of the corresponding amide, Intermediate 2-1.
1'-acetyl-4-oxo-3,4-dihvdrospiro[chromene-2.4'-piperidine1-6-carboxylic acid. This was prepared in the same manner as described for intermediate 1-1 above, replacing t-butyl-4-oxo-piperidinecarboxylate with N-acetyl-4-piperidone.
A mixture of 1'-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-4-oxo-3,4-dihydrospiro[chromene-2,4'- piperidine]-6-carboxylic acid ( 27.1 mmol, intermediate 1-1), pyrrolidine (1.93 g, 27.1 mmol, 2.3 mL), 80 ml_ DMF and 40 mL 1 ,2-dichloroethane were stirred under N2 and treated with triethylamine (5.47 g, 54 mmol, 7.55 mL) followed by O-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N',N'- tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (15.0 g, 40.7 mmol, HBTU). The dark solution was stirred at rt overnight, then diluted with 1 N NaOH and stirred 45 min. EtOAc and water were added, the organic layer was separated and combined with additional EtOAc extractions of the aqueous layer. The combined organic layers were washed with water and saturated NaCI, dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to a brown oil, 10.04 g. This material was chromatographed on silica gel (Biotage, 150 x 40 mm) eluting with 2:1 EtOAc- hexanes containing 1% TEA to remove the less polar impurities, then increasing the polarity to EtOAc-1% TEA to elute the product. Product fractions were combined and concentrated in vacuo to a yellow foam, 2.48 g.
CH2CI2 was heated to reflux under N2 for 5 hr, stirred overnight at rt, and reheated to reflux for an 1 hr. An additional 0.8 mL thionyl chloride was added and the mixture again refluxed for 2 hr. After cooling to rt, the reaction was evaporated in vacuo to a brown solid. The solid in 40 mL CH2CI2 was treated with morpholine (1.29 g, 1.30 mL, 14.9 mol) dissolved in 5 mL CH2CI2.
After stirring for 3 hr at rt, the mixture was diluted with additional CH2CI2 and saturated aqueous NaHCO3, the organic layer was separated and washed with water and saturated NaCI, and the organic layer was dried with MgSO4. Removal of the solvent in vacuo gave a light orange foam, 1.97 g.
Mass spectrum (m/z): calculated for C20H24N2O5: 372.42. Found: 373 (M+1).
I'-acetyl-e-fpyrrolidin^-ylcarbonvD-spirofchromene-ΣΛ'-piperidini^OHVone. This was prepared in the same manner as described above, beginning with 1'-acetyl- 4-oxo-3,4-dihydrospiro[chromene-2,4'-piperidine]-6-carboxylic acid (3.0 g, 9.0 mmol, intermediate 1-2), to give the product as a yellow tacky foam, 1.55 g. Mass spectrum (m/z): calculated for C20H24N2O4: 356.43. Found: 357 (M+1).
A solution of 1'-(1 ,1-dimethyl-ethoxycarbonyl)-6-(morpholin-4-ylcarbonyl)-spiro[chro- mene-2,4'-piperidin]-4(3H)-one in (0.535 g, 1.29 mmol, intermediate 2-1) in THF (25 mL) was cooled to 0 °C and treated with a solution of 1.0 M LAH in THF (7.8 mL, 7.8 mmol) to produce a light tan solution. After 20 hr at rt, the reaction was quenched with water (0.30 mL), 15% NaOH (0.30 mL) and water (0.90 mL). A small amount of MgSO4 was added and after filtration the solvent was removed in vacuo to leave a clear oil, 0.314 g. Chromatography on silica gel (Biotage) eluting with 15% CH3OH in CHCI3 gave a clear oil, 0.109 g. Mass spectrum (m/z): calculated for C19H2SN2O2: 316.37. Found: 317 (M+1).
I'-ethyl-θ-fpyrrolidin-i-ylmethvD-SΛ-dihvdrospirorchromene^^'-piperidini^-ol. This was prepared as in intermediate 3-2 above, beginning with 1 '-acetyl-6- (pyrrolidin-4-ylcarbonyl)-spiro[chromene-2,4'-piperidin]-4(3H)-one (0.39 g, 1.1 mmol, intermediate 2-2) and 6.6 mL of 1.0 M LAH in THF, to give the product as a clear, colorless oil, 0.199 g.
Mass spectrum (m/z): calculated for C20H30N2O2: 330.38. Found: 331 (M+1).
I'-di-dimethyl-ethoxycarbonvπ-δ-fpyrrolidin^-ylmethvD-spirofchromene^Λ'- piperidinl-4-ol. Under N2, a solution of 1'-(1 ,1-dimethyl-ethoxycarbonyl)-6-(morpholin-4-ylcarbonyl)- spiro[chromene-2,4'-piperidin]-4(3H)-one (0.802 g, 1.94 mmol, intermediate 2-1) in 40 mL THF was cooled to 5 0C and stirred while adding LAH (7.7 mL, 7.7 mmol, 1.0 M LAH in THF). After stirring for 2 hr at 0 0C, the reaction was diluted with THF (15 mL) and quenched by adding water (0.80 mL). After warming to rt, the mixture was filtered through a d.e. pad, the pad was washed with EtOAc and the organic filtrates were concentrated in vacuo to a white foam, 0.606 g.
1'-methyl-6-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-spirorchromene-2,4'-piperidinel. A solution of r-methyl-6-(pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)-3,4-dihydrospiro[chromene-2,4'- piperidin]-4-ol (0.10 g, 0.32 mmol, intermediate 3-1) in toluene (50 mL) containing p- toluensulfonic acid (0.126 g, 0.664 mmol) was refluxed with a Dean-Stark trap to collect the azeotroped water. After 18 hr, the reaction was cooled to rt and partitioned the residue with EtOAc and saturated aqueous NaHCO3. The aqueous layer was re-extracted with EtOAc and the combined organic layers were washed with water and saturated NaCI, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to a pale film, 0.065 g.
Mass spectrum (m/z): calculated for C19H26N2O: 298.34. Found: 299 (M+1). 1 H-nmr (CDCI3, 400 MHz) δ 1.74 (m, 6H), 1.98, (s, 1 H), 2.01 (s, 1H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.46 (m, 6H), 2.54 (m, 2H), 3.47 (s, 2H), 5.53 (d, 1H), 6.33 (d, 1 H), 6.74 (d, 1 H), 6.93 (s, 1 H), 7.01 (dd, 1 H).
A solution of 1'-ethyl-6-(morpholin-1-ylnnethyl)-3,4-dihyclrospiro[chromene-2,41- piperidin]-4-ol (0.785 g, 2.25 mmol, intermediate 3-2) and p-toluenesulfonic acid (10 mg) in toluene (150 mL) in a 50 mL round-bottom flask fitted with a Dean-Stark trap and condenser was heated to reflux under N2 for 24 hr. After cooling to rt, the solvent was removed in vacuo to a brown solid that was dissolved in EtOAc, washed with water, saturated Na2CO3 and saturated NaCI. The organic layer was dried with MgSO4, filtered and concentrated to a tan solid, 0.412 g. This material was used without further purification in Example 2.
This was prepared in the same manner as above, beginning with 1 '-ethyl-6- (pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)-3,4-dihydrospiro[chromene-2,4'-piperidin]-4-ol (0.19 g, 0.58 mmol, intermediate 3-3) to give a yellow solid, 0.135 g. M.p. 269.6-270.6 0C. Mass spectrum calculated for C20H28N2O: 312.46. Found: 313 (M+1).
1 H-nmr (CDCI3, 400 MHz) δ 1.34 (bs, 1 H), 1.98 (m, 6H), 2.14 (bs, 3H), 2.26 (m, 2H), 3.13 (bs, 2H), 3.46 (bs, 4H), 4.26 (bs, 2H), 5.73 (d, 1H), 6.57 (d, 1H), 7.01 (d, 1 H), 7.28 (bs, 1 H), 7.36 (d, 1H).
Under N2, a solution of o-hydroxyacetophenone (3.4 g, 25.0 mmol, Aldrich) in 100 mL of methanol was treated with N-methyl-4-piperidone (2.83 g, 25.0 mmol, Aldrich) followed by pyrrolidine (2.18 g, 2.2 mL, 25.0 mmol). The solution was stirred at rt for 18 hr and the solvents then removed under reduced pressure to give a clear amber oil. The oil was dissolve in EtOAc, washed with saturated NaCI and dried over MgSO4. Concentration in vacuo gave an amber colored oil, which was chromatographed using a Biotage silica gel column eluted with CHCI3, followed by 5% CH3OH in CHCI3. The product was isolated as an oil, 7.8 g.
Mass spectrum (m/z): 232 (M+1).
2H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 1.99 (d, 2H), 1.69 (t, 2H).
21.4 mmol, intermediate 7) in 100 mL of 0.5M HCI and 40 mL ethanol. This mixture was hydrogenated on a Parr shaker apparatus at 45 psi H2 at rt for 18 h. The mixture was then filtered through a pad of d.e., the pad washed with additional ethanol and with water, and the filtrates combined and evaporated in vacuo. The resulting oil was partitioned with EtOAc - dilute aqueous Na2CO3, the aqueous layer extracted with additional EtOAc and the organics combined and washed with water and saturated NaCI. After drying over MgSO4, the solvents were removed in vacuo to give an oil, 3.04 g.
Mass spectrum (m/z): calculated for C14H22NO: 217.31. Found: 218 (M+1). 1 H-nmr (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.08 (m, 1 H), 7.02 (m, 1 H), 6.82 (m, 2H), 2.75 (dt, 2H), 2.60 (m, 2H), 2.42 (dt, 2H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 1.78 (m, 4H), 1.66 (m, 2H).
r-ethyl-θ-fpyrrolidin-i-ylmethvD-SΛ-dihvdrospirofchromene^Λ'-piperidine'l. A mixture of 1'-ethyl-6-(pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)-spiro[chromene-2,4'-piperidine] (0.3 mmol, intermediate 4-3 ) and 10% palladium-on-carbon (100 mg, 50% water wet) in water (20 mL) and ethanol (5.0 ml.) in a Parr pressure bottle was treated with 1.0 mL of 2.0 M HCI and hydrogenated at 45 psi for 24 hr. The catalyst was removed by filtration through a diatomaceous earth (d.e.) filter, the filter cake was washed with additional ethanol and water, and the filtrates were combined and concentrated in vacuo to a waxy residue. Trituration with acetone produced a light yellow solid, 85 mg, m.p. 301.2-302.5 0C. Mass spectrum (m/z) calcd for C20H30N2O: 314.47; obsd. 315 (M+1).
1H-nmr (DMSOd6, 400 MHz) δ 1.23 ( t, 3H), 1.88 (m, 8H), 2.72 (bs, 2H), 3.00 (m, 5H), 3.24 (bs, 2H), 3.34 (bm, 5H), 4.14 (d, 2H), 6.83 (d, 1 H), 7.30 (bs, 1 H), 7.32 (d, 1 H).
A mixture of 1'-ethyl-6-(morphoiin-1-ylmethyl)-spiro[chromene-2,4'-piperidine] (0.412 g, 1.25 mmol, intermediate 4-2) in 20 mL ethanol and 40 mL H2O was combined with 400 mg of 10% palladium-on-carbon (50% water wet) followed by 1.0 N HCI (10 mL) in a Parr pressure bottle (500 mL). The mixture was hydrogenated at 45 psi for 22 hr at room temperature, filtered, recharged with fresh Pd catalyst (200 mg) and hydrogenated at 45 psi for another 24 hr. After filtering through a pad of diatomaceous earth and washing the filter pad with water and ethanol, the filtrate was made basic to pH 12 with 2N NaOH. The filtrate was extracted with CH2CI2, the extracts were combined and washed with water and saturated NaCI and after drying with MgSO4 the solvent was removed in vacuo to a cloudy oil. The oil was chromatographed on silica gel (Biotage, 12 x 70 mm column) eluting with chloroform. The product was isolated as a waxy solid, 56 mg, which was dissolved in ethyl acetate and treated with 1.0 M HCI in diethyl ether to give the HCI salt as a white solid, 41 mg, m.p. 321.7- 323 0C. Mass spectrum (m/z) calcd. for C20H30N2O2: 330.46; obsd. 331 (M+1). 1H-nmr (CDCI3, 400 MHz) δ 1.22 ( t, 3H), 1.77 (t, 2H)1 1.89 (t, 2H), 1.90 (m, 3H), 2.72 (m, 2H), 3.04 (m, 8H), 3.34 (bs, 1 H), 3.73 (t, 2H), 3.87 (d, 2H), 4.14 (d, 2H), 6.84 (d, 1 H), 7.30 (m, 2H).
A solution of 1'-(1 ,1-dimethyl-ethoxycarbonyl)-6-(pyrrolidin-4-ylmethyl)-spiro- [chromene-2,4'-piperi-din]-4-ol (0.60 g, 1.49 mmol, intermediate 3-4) and concentrated HCI (2.0 mL) in isopropanol (5.0 mL) was heated to reflux with stirring for 2 hr, cooled to rt and concentrated in vacuo to a brown oil, 0.552 g. The oil was dissolved in 20 mL ethanol and 40 mL water, treated with 1 N HCI (10 mL) and added to 10 % Pd-on-carbon catalyst (0.25 g) in a 250 mL Parr shaker bottle under a N2 atmosphere. The reactants were hydrogenated at 40 psi of hydrogen for approximately 2 hr. The contents were filtered through a pad of d.e., the filter cake was washed with additional ethanol and water, and the solvents were removed in vacuo to a green-yellow glass. Trituration with EtOAc gave a yellow crystalline solid, 0.360 g, m.p. 280.4-282.5 °C.
1H-nmr (DMSOd6, 400 MHz) δ 1.79 (bm, 8H), 1.94 (bs, 2H), 2.70 (m, 2H), 3.00 (bm, 4H), 3.14 (bm, 2H), 3.24 (bm, 2H), 4.14 (d, 2H), 6.84 (d, 1 H), 7.29 (d, 2H), 9.11-9.19 (bs, 2H, HCI), 10.91 (bs, 1 H, NH).
1 '-methyl-6-(morpholin-1 -ylmethyP 3,4-dihydro-spirorchromene-2.4'-piperidinel Under N2, a solution of 1'-methyl-3,4-dihydrospiro[chromene-2,4'-piperidine]-6- carboxaldehyde (0.201 g, 0.82 mmol, Intermediate 9) in methanol (20 mL) was stirred at rt while titanium isopropoxide (0.466 g, 0.49 mL, 1.6 mmol) was added via pipette. Morpholine (0.139 g, 0.14 mL, 1.6 mmol) was added and stirring continued for 18 hr, after which sodium borohydride (0.46 g, 1.23 mmol) was added. After 24 hr at rt, the reaction was quenched with water (10 mL), EtOAc (30 mL) and 1.0 N HCI (2.0 mL). After stirring for 15 min, this was filtered through a pad of diatomaceous earth, washing the pad with additional EtOAc and water. The organic layer was separated, the aqueous layer was extracted with additional quantities of EtOAc, the organic layers were combined and washed with water and saturated NaCI, and the organics were dried with MgSO4 and filtered. Removal of the solvent in vacuo gave a clear, colorless oil, 0.177 g. The oil was chromatographed on silica gel (Biotage, 12 x 70 mm) eluting with 5% methanol in chloroform to give purified product as a clear oil, 0.078 g. The oil was dissolved in EtOAc and treated with 0.5 mL of 1.0 M HCI in diethyl ether, stirred for 4 hr to give a granular solid which was filtered, washed with EtOAc and dried to a white solid, 0.059 g, m.p. 294.5-295.1 0C.
I'-methyl-e-fpyrrolidin-i-ylmethvπ-S^-dihvdro-spirorchromene^.^-piperidinel. 1'-methyl-6-(pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)-spiro[chromene-2,4'-piperidine] (61 mg, 0.16 mol, Intermediate 4-1) and 10% Pd-on-carbon (10 mg) in 10 mL ethanol and 10 mL water containing 6N HC! (1.0 mL) was hydrogenated on a Parr Shaker apparatus at 45 psi for 2 hr. The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of d.e., the filter cake washed with water and ethanol, and the solvents removed in vacuo to a clear film, 0.65 mg. Mass spectrum (m/z) calcd. for C19H28N2O: 300.44; obsd. 301 (M+1).
Determination of Biological Activity The in vitro affinity of the compounds in the present invention at the rat or human histamine H3 receptors can be determined according to the following procedure. Frozen rat frontal brain or frozen human post-mortem frontal brain is homogenized in 20 volumes of cold 50 mM Tris»HCI containing 2 mM MgCI2 (pH to 7.4 at 4°C). The homogenate is then centrifuged at 45,000 G for 10 minutes. The supernatant is decanted and the membrane pellet re-suspended by Polytron in cold 50 mM Tris»HCI containing 2 mM MgCI2 (pH to 7.4 at 4 0C) and centrifuged again. The final pellet is re-suspended in 50 mM Tris HCI containing 2 mM MgCI2 (pH to 7.4 at 25 0C) at a concentration of 12 mg/mL. Dilutions of compounds are made in 10% DMSO / 50 mM Tris buffer (pH 7.4) (at 10 x final concentration, so that the final DMSO concentration is 1%). Incubations are initiated by the addition of membranes (200 microliters) to 96-well V-bottom polypropylene plates containing 25 microliters of drug dilutions and 25 microliters of radioligand (1 nM final concentration 3H-N-methylhistamine). After a 1-hour incubation, assay samples are rapidly filtered through Whatman GF/B filters and rinsed with ice-cold 50 mM Tris buffer (pH 7.4) using a Skatron cell harvester. Radioactivity is quantified using a BetaPlate scintillation counter. The percent inhibition of specific binding can then be determined for each dose of the compound, and an IC50 or Ki value can be calculated from these results.
When tested using the above method, the compound of example 1 had a Ki value of 9.8 nM.
R5 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, (CrC6)alkyl, (C0-C3)alkyl-aryl (optionally substituted), (C0-C3)alkyl-heteroaryl (optionally substituted); and n is 0, 1, 2 or 3.
2. The compound of Claim 1 , wherein R1 and R2 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a pyrrolidine ring.
3. The compound of Claim 1 , wherein R1 and R2 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a piperidine ring.
4. The compound of Claim 3, wherein n is one and R3 and R4 are both hydrogen.
5. The compound of Claim 3, wherein n is one and R3 is methyl and R4 is hydrogen.
6. The compound of Claim 2, wherein n is one and R3 and R4 are both hydrogen.
7. The compound of Claim 2, wherein n is one and R3 is methyl and R4 is hydrogen.
8. The compound of Claim 1 , wherein R1 and R2 together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a piperidine ring, R3, R4 and R5 are hydrogen, R6 is phenyl, k is 0, m is 3 and n is one.
1 -methyl-6'-(pyrrolidin-1 -ylmethyl)-3',4'-dihydrospiro[azetidine-3,2'-chromene]; and [(I'.S-dimethyl-S.ΦdihydrospiroCchromene-Z.S'-pyrroiidinJ-β-yOmethylldimethylamine.
12. A pharmaceutical composition for treating a disorder or condition that may be treated by antagonizing histamine-3 receptors, the composition comprising a compound of formula I as described in Claim 1 , and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
13. A method of treatment of a disorder or condition that may be treated by antagonizing histamine-3 receptors, the method comprising administering to a mammal in need of such treatment a compound of formula I as described in Claim 1.
14. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula I as described in claim 1 , and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
15. A method of treatment of a disorder or condition selected from the group consisting of depression, mood disorders, schizophrenia, anxiety disorders, Alzheimer's disease, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), psychotic disorders, sleep disorders, obesity, dizziness, epilepsy, motion sickness, respiratory diseases, allergy, allergy- induced airway responses, allergic rhinitis, nasal congestion, allergic congestion, congestion, hypotension, cardiovascular disease, diseases of the Gl tract, hyper- and hypo- motility and acidic secretion of the gastro-intestinal tract, the method comprising administering to a mammal in need of such treatment a compound of formula I as described in Claim 1.
16. The method of Claim 17, wherein the disorder or condition is selected from the group consisting of anxiety disorders, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, respiratory diseases, and obesity.
17. The method of Claim 17, wherein the disorder or condition is a respiratory disease selected from the group consisting of adult respiratory distress syndrome, acute respiratory distress syndrome, bronchitis, chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, asthma, emphysema, rhinitis and chronic sinusitis.
19. A pharmaceutical composition for treating depression and mood disorder comprising: a) an H3 receptor antagonist or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; b) a neurotransmitter uptake blocker or c) a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; wherein the active ingredients (a) and (b) above are present in amounts that render the composition effective in treating depression and mood disorder.
20. The composition according to Claim 19 wherein the H3 receptor antagonist and the neurotransmitter blocker are given simultaneously.
21. The composition according to Claim 18 wherein the H3 receptor antagonist and the H1 receptor antagonist are given simultaneously.
22. The pharmaceutical composition of Claim 19 wherein the neurotransmitter uptake blocker are selected from SSRI; sertraline, fluoxetine and paroxetine.
WO2013164730A1 (en) 2012-05-04 2013-11-07 Pfizer Inc. Heterocyclic substituted hexahydropyrano [3,4-d] [1,3] thiazin- 2 -amine compounds as inhibitors of app, bace1 and bace 2.
ES2285227T3 (en) 2007-11-16 Arilbenzodiazepinas substituted piperazine.
CN100586951C (en) 2010-02-03 Bi- and tricyclic substituted benzophenones as glycine transporter l(GlyT-1) inhibitors for the treatment of alzheimer's disease.
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2019-04-25T00:16:45Z
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https://patents.google.com/patent/WO2007063385A2/en
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Porn
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Business
| 0.247759 |
typepad
|
Earlier this month at the opening the Safari 7 Reading Room at Columbia University’s Studio X, a cross section of the city’s architecture, landscape, design, and urbanist ecosystem sipped from red plastic cups and milled around an oversized table map listening to podcasts. Meanwhile, from Midtown, Manhattan to Flushing, Queens other animal habitats were teeming with life: snakefish, squirrels, and worms twitching and writhing within the urban environment. Launched over the summer, Safari 7 is a self-guided podcast tour that narrates the wildlife and habitats along the No. 7 subway line.
The project brings together infrastructure, communications, ecology, and participatory design. Produced as a collaboration between Janette Kim and Kate Orff of The Urban Landscape Lab research group at Columbia’s Graduate School of Architecture, Planning, and Preservation, and Glen Cummings of graphic design studio MTWTF, the reading room is not a library in the traditional sense, but a spot where you can take the time to read the nature around the 7 line, listen to a narrative, pick up a map, and plan your own eco-commute.
You can read my Q&A with Janette, Kate, and Glen over at the Architect's Newspaper.
How did you first conceive of the project?
Janette Kim: Safari 7 started when the three of us—Kate, Glen, and I—started collecting our research on the National Parks Service. The parks provide rangers, maps, and even self-guided cell phone tours that provide access and interpretation of parklands. We began to discuss what would happen if we could provide ranger tours of New York City as a layered urban ecosystem, and started to imagine that this tour could be more hands-on, more exploratory, and follow the notion of a citizen scientist—someone who doesn't just take in information from an authoritative source, but produces it through the process of exploration.
Was the 7 subway line a natural fit? Does Queens County lend itself to ecological study more than the other Boroughs?
Glen Cummings: The 7 line wasn't just a good fit, it was the inspiration. The 30-minute ride from Times Square to Flushing or visa versa is the perfect time to connect to the micro events that are happening right outside the train windows.
JK: We've received suggestions already to do the G and 6 lines, but the 7 train is especially fascinating. We like the fact that it traverses so many different types of neighborhoods and people, and runs through neighborhoods that offer a fascinating history of combined natural and social influences.
Bryant Park is a product of varying interpretations of public investment, from its stint as the Croton Reservoir to the home of the New York Public Library. Jackson Heights is one of our nation's only examples of the Garden City movement and Sunnyside Gardens is one of the nation's first planned communities after World War I. Flushing Meadows is famously the result mass dumping of tons of ash from the city's garbage incineration, the transformation by Robert Moses into a major transportation corridor and the site of two world's fairs, and the ever-encroaching return of a neglected wetlands.
GC: Diversity is a defining characteristic of the borough of Queens: More types of people from more countries, living in more types of places, with an eclectic grouping of creatures and plants around them, than anywhere else in the U.S. The 7 line helped us narrow down this discussion by acting as a natural transect, that is, a line along which you can examine differences.
In addition to urban explorations, what more about our built environment can Safari 7 participants take away from the project?
GC: We are definitely interested in connecting a wide range of people with the urban nature in their own backyards by using mass transportation the means of travel, and by offering up a model for how people can connect to the environment in an active rather than passive way.
Our hope is that viewers and participants become interested and therefore more attuned to the world around them. Most city infrastructure is constructed in a brutal way because government didn't really understand how interconnected environment, health, and commerce were and are. It is the overlaps and intersections between these infrastructures, housing fabrics, human animal and plant habitats that tell the story.
One example is U Thant Island, just south of Roosevelt Island. The construction of the Steinway Tunnel produced a pile of soil that was dumped at the closest high point in the East River floor. The pile emerged from the river as an impromptu island and now has a flock of cormorants nesting there.
We see the 7 line, as well as the whole MTA system, as a tool for urban exploration and a tool to connect with the built natural environment. Robert Moses’s view of connecting the city to nature is to connect the city with the parks and beach as recreation destinations, but we're interested in the inter-connections and micro-environments all the way along the line, and how they are experienced in peoples daily life, not just at the end points.
Above ground trains offer you a spectrum of less-spectacular environments, whose range and impact are even more interesting, because these are the environments we live in. Understanding what lives there, what grows there, how they relate, is what it is all about.
Does a growing awareness of habitats and biodiversity dovetail with trends in sustainability and green building design?
Kate Orff: Sustainable development is inseparable from robust habitats and global biodiversity. Who could imagine living in a world of smooth, glassy, high-tech, supposedly “green” skyscrapers in a world with no bees or bats—surrounded by silent forests and empty seas? How would our crops be pollinated? What would we eat?
Growing awareness of habitats probably reflects a growing understanding of the less superficially technical and more emotional and compassionate side of the sustainability question. We've modified the globe to create human (and as the exhibit shows, deer and geese) habitat all over the world and people are beginning to expand the view and see that in some cases human habitat excludes animal life. In some cases, like we've pointed out in the exhibit, along the 7 line—they co-exist in surprising and unexpected ways.
What is your favorite stop?
KO: I like Bryant Park—the maze of tunnels from different periods of time disorients even the most jaded New Yorker—and I like thinking that just a couple of feet above me someone is reading the newspaper and sunning on this thin lawn carpet. Second choice would have to be Willets Point and the experience of riding through the treetops on my way to US Open tennis match.
GC: Downtown Flushing. My family is from Flushing and I've always loved the bustle of the train station area. The noise, the food, people come from every direction and going in every direction all at once. What a beautiful mess!
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2019-04-20T15:13:59Z
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https://loudpaper.typepad.com/loudpaper/2009/10/where-the-wild-things-are.html
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Porn
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Recreation
| 0.402688 |
wordpress
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Why do people persecute children on this Earth? Are we not better than that? Are we not more civilised than that? Perhaps we were always like this. Animals with pack mentality who crave to be considered much better than each other or the next. But in the eyes of whom? Surely only God can judge us in the end. The spiteful nature of those whom inhabit the world sine trough in this made up future and it is a sad and unhappy future for all where there is no consideration for each other and no goodwill between men. This sad and internally misconstrued future is externally uninhabitable to the people of the world. The obsessions with teaching each other lessons seems pointless and the world becomes a place where all people are constantly wanting to hurt and destroy other lives. So sad is this future. And why I ask. Why is this the case? Perhaps it is is the competitive nature of humanity that begins to take over. Instinct reigns in this future time as a dog waging it’s tail carrying a stick to his owner.
I propose a different future where God reigns supreme. Where man understands the plights of his neighbour who struggles internally just as he does and whom feels the pressure of the need to perform on a world stage. In this proposed future all men whom do not wish goodwill to their fellow human beings have perished in the fires of hell. For it is said that man lives in peace in the future of times and that he is full of love, compassion and strength to continue on in finding is goodwill toward others.
The torment of alien races sweeps through the humanity of this Earth in this future realm and it is only through a unified effort to destroy these manipulators and energetically vampiric individuals that the Earth can live with harmonious light and strength as a unified nation. A wish for this humanity on Earth is that God places it first amongst the places of God’s land. This old saying is derived from an old text name Ombromio. For it’s is God’s people who are blessed.
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2019-04-23T00:38:47Z
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https://apolloandartemis.wordpress.com/2017/06/27/why/
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Porn
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Society
| 0.486997 |
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