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tripod
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My laptop completely died on Jan. 22, just before this winter's biggest snowstorm, temporarily putting me out of digital commission (lost a lot of files). I chose to use the time to take somewhate of a sabbatical from the digital part of this ministry, making no updates to this site thru Lent. I've ended up shifting how I do this (compare the above and the below). To satisfy congregational snowbirds who wanted to keep connected, I started posting my messages on our facebook page, which I'll continue.
January 3, 2016 “Promises Made, Kept, and Broken"
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2019-04-19T02:57:23Z
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http://rockhay.tripod.com/sermons/2016/index.htm
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Porn
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Computers
| 0.96667 |
wordpress
|
Your ceilings are an opportunity for decoration. There is a lot of space up there, unfettered by windows and doors. Since it is hard to paint upside down, you can do it the easy way and paint on boards which you glue and screw when they are finished. Fit lights as normal if you like, just drill a hole and thread the wire through.
Here I am, painting a ceiling for the Pip. It will be of Ferdinand von Mueller bringing conifers to the Botanic Gardens, an event which happened in the 1800s. I like storytelling through images. Look at the little wombat on my left. She is a tiny story on her own.
It was just having a little look at what was happening… I painted these on thin MDF (about the only tine I will use MDF). I have tried canvas in the past, and kind of wallpapered it up. Not so good, problems with bubbles and unevenness, since you can’t stretch it. You could draw on paper and glue it up too I suppose, anything goes. I put a couple of coats of gesso on first, then I paint with artist’s oils.
This is what my scetches look like. Very loose, more like ideas really. The rest happens on the painting itself. It I was to do a detailed sketch I would already be sick of it before painting it, and the element of surprise which I need will be gone, depriving me of pleasure. This is pretty much how I do most things, a loose idea in my head and then I work it through as I am doing it.
Starting a different one. The long bits on the left are to extend my cornices, making them more impressive. No, I don’t stencil. I find it just as quick to paint straight on, and give me the bonus of a general unevenness which is something I always strive for. I have looked very hard at Albert Pictor for my borders and general style. He was a medieval church painter and pearl embroiderer in Sweden, and he did borders JUST like these. Being a church painter, he also filled all the wall space with stories.
Starting a fill of greeny-yellowy tendrils, with leaves and exotic blooms. Yes, I have changed clothes, twice now. It takes a little while to do a ceiling like this, I usually keep several things on the go as you have to wait for oilpaint to dry or you put your hand in it.
I have roughly scetched out the tendrils in pencil. I use a coloured art pencil as a lead one will dissolve and smudge into the oilpaint, leaving it dirty looking.
The nuances and colour shifts in the paint are very simple to achieve. Simply squeeze out a little of three colours or so, along with a little medium (dilutes the paint), Put some on your brush without mixing with any great intention, go back for more, brush it out, repeat. Every time you go back for more the paint gives you a little different look for those strokes as you brush them out. Oil blends easily.
Here is another one, again with the same borders. Though I vary the insides, I feel it gives greater cohesion to maintain a similarity of theme. I have changed clothes again, and appear to have lost my hat. What’s the inside of this one? Who knows! I do round ones too, for more images head to the permanent page of ”the art” in the menu.
You need help putting them up if there is wiring to pull through. I can do them by myself unless they are very big and if there is no wiring, but usually there is a central ceiling light to navigate around.
Use liquid nails or similar building adhesive, have a long stick handy with a cloth at the top end to jam the painting to the floor with and work fast.
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2019-04-19T00:18:41Z
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https://queensberrypipdaylesford.wordpress.com/tag/ceiling-paintings/
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Porn
|
Reference
| 0.716798 |
google
|
A method and system for passing messages to a Web browser. According to one embodiment, a controller receives one or more messages to be delivered to a Web browser session, provides notification to the Web browser session of the receipt of the one or more messages, receives a request by the Web browser session for the one or more messages in response to the notification, the request received via a connection opened by the Web browser session, and delivers the one or more messages to the Web browser session via the connection in response to the request.
Software applications utilize messaging to exchange information with other applications. Messaging generally simplifies communication across different programming environments, since applications in each environment need only understand a common messaging format and protocol. Messaging platforms typically employ a messaging server or controller to handle the formal exchange of event notification, requests, or replies between applications.
Messaging platforms exist for all types of software applications. Among these application types are the growing number of Web-based applications, which allow users to interact with applications from across a network at the frontend via their Web browsers, instead of through traditional standalone application GUIs or client/server application GUIs.
Within such Web-based applications, while it is relatively straightforward for a Web browser session to pass messages to a backend application over the Internet using the HTTP protocol, the same cannot be said for passing messages from the backend to the Web browser session because Web browsers cannot be directly addressed by HTTP requests. As a result, developers of Web-based applications rely on messaging platforms such as the Java Message Service (JMS), which is a messaging standard API that allows application components based on the Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition (J2EE) to create, send, receive, and read messages. Messaging vendors implementing the JMS API typically utilize socket connections to pass messages from the backend application to the Web browser.
Unfortunately, addressing socket connections is more complex than addressing HTTP requests, and many socket connections become lost and do not provide an adequate level of security. Additionally, utilizing such connections through the JMS requires the installation of new or updated J2EE solutions and/or the Java Runtime Environment (JRE).
Accordingly, there is a need in the art for a more straightforward and secure system and method for passing messages to a Web browser.
FIG. 1 is a flowchart that depicts a process for passing messages to a Web browser in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram that depicts a message passing protocol between a frontend session and backend session in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram that depicts a backend system and Web browser in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a sequence diagram that depicts a message passing protocol between a backend system and Web browser in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram that depicts a backend system and two Web browsers in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a sequence diagram that depicts a message passing protocol between two Web browsers via a backend system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a block diagram that depicts a user computing device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a block diagram that depicts a network architecture in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
In accordance with the present invention, a more straightforward and secure way for passing messages from a backend session to a Web browser session may be accomplished by having a backend controller first notify a Web browser session that messages are waiting, and as a result having the Web browser session open the connection to the backend session to retrieve the messages.
FIG. 1 depicts such a process in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. When a backend controller receives one or more messages to be delivered to a Web browser session (step 100), it provides a notification to the Web browser session of the receipt of the one or more messages (step 110). The backend controller then receives a request by the Web browser session for the one or more messages in response to the notification via a connection opened by the Web browser session (step 120), and the backend controller responds to the request by delivering the one or more messages to the Web browser session via the open connection (step 130).
As further illustrated in FIG. 2 according to one embodiment of the present invention, a session in a backend system (backend session 200) may implement the passing of one or more messages over the Internet (220) to a session in a Web browser (frontend session 210) by first providing a notification (230) to the Web browser session. Since it is more straightforward for the Web browser session to access a backend system session via the HTTP protocol, the notification could be effected via a polling mechanism in which the Web browser session continually monitors a value (e.g., a timestamp) at the backend via HTTP requests, and whereby any change in the value would indicate to the Web browser session that one or more messages are waiting to be delivered. Once the notification is effected, the Web browser session may open a connection to the backend system session by issuing an HTTP request (240), to which the backend system session may deliver any waiting messages as part of the response to the HTTP request via the same open connection (250).
By having the Web browser session ask the backend system session for the messages by opening a connection via an HTTP request, the backend system session is able to pass the messages to the Web browser session without using complicated and unreliable messaging protocols (such as socket connections via JMS) but rather using the standard HTTP protocol. Further, the standard HTTPS protocol may be used to enhance security.
FIGS. 3 and 4 depict a detailed view of a backend to frontend messaging embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 shows a Web browser (300) and a backend system (310). Backend system 310 includes a cache (360) and a backend session (200) comprising a backend messaging controller (320) with a queue (330), a backend application (340) and a backend listener (350). Web browser 300 includes a frontend session (210) comprising a frontend messaging controller (370), a frontend application (380) and a frontend listener (390).
As depicted in FIG. 4, backend controller 320 receives one or more messages and holds them in queue 330 (step 400). The messages, which may comprise any information such data in the form of text, bytes and/or objects, may originate from backend application 340, a backend application in a different backend session or a different frontend session in a different Web browser, for example. Now that messages have arrived, backend controller 320 may call a function module that updates a specific entry (e.g., a timestamp) in cache 360, which may be a database table entry or memory reference, for example (step 410). Meanwhile, frontend controller 370 may commence polling cache 360 on startup (step 420) with HTTP requests that return with the current value of the cache entry. When frontend controller 370 determines that a returned cache entry value has changed from that of the previous polling cycle, it open a connection to backend session 200 (step 430) by sending an HTTP request to backend session 200 via that connection (step 440). In response to that HTTP request, backend controller 320 delivers the messages via the connection in the response to the HTTP request.
where “backendQueue” is the URL of backend session 200. The message may include additional properties indicating that new messages are requested.
In step 450, with a direct channel now open from frontend session 210 to backend session 310, backend controller 320 may now read the posted FORMFIELDS from the HTTP request and deserialize the message. The messaging framework related values in the message may instruct backend controller 320 how to proceed: either to forward new messages to frontend controller 370, forward the message to backend listener 350 (e.g., to pass the message directly to backend application 340), or forward the message to a different frontend session, for example.
FIGS. 5 and 6 depict a detailed view of a frontend to frontend messaging embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 shows two Web browsers (500 and 300) and a backend system (310). Backend system 310 and Web browser 300 are the same as described above. Web browser 500 is similar to Web browser 300, including a frontend session (510) comprising a frontend messaging controller (520), a frontend application (530) and a frontend listener (540).
As depicted in FIG. 6, steps 610, 620, 630, 640, 650 and 660 are functionally equivalent to steps 400, 410, 420, 430, 440 and 450, respectively. The only difference is that in step 600, frontend controller 570 initiates the process by forwarding one or more messages to backend controller 320. Frontend controller 570 may create and send the one or more messages in the same manner as described above with respect to step 440, with the one or more messages instructing backend controller 320 to forward the one or more messages to frontend controller 370, causing backend controller 320 to queue the one or more messages (step 610) and change the cache entry value (step 620) and so on.
FIGS. 7 and 8 illustrate the components of a basic computer and network architecture in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 7 depicts user computing device 700, which may be a personal computer, workstation, handheld personal digital assistant (“PDA”), or any other type of microprocessor-based device. User computing device 700 may include one or more of processor 710, input device 720, output device 730, storage 740, and communication device 760.
Input device 720 may include a keyboard, mouse, pen-operated touch screen or monitor, voice-recognition device, or any other device that provides input. Output device 730 may include a monitor, printer, disk drive, speakers, or any other device that provides output.
Storage 740 may include volatile and nonvolatile data storage, including one or more electrical, magnetic or optical memories such as a RAM, cache, hard drive, CD-ROM drive, tape drive or removable storage disk. Communication device 760 may include a modem, network interface card, or any other device capable of transmitting and receiving signals over a network. The components of user computing device 700 may be connected via an electrical bus or wirelessly.
Frontend software 750, which may be stored in storage 740 and executed by processor 710, may include, for example, application software implemented by a Web browser that embodies the functionality of the present invention (e.g., frontend controller 370, frontend application 380 and frontend listener 390). A Web browser may include Internet Explorer by Microsoft Corp. or Communicator® by Netscape Communications Corp., or any other software program that renders Web content.
FIG. 8 illustrates a network architecture in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. According to one particular embodiment, when user 800 accesses a Web-based application hosted by backend system 805, frontend software 750 of user computing device 700 communicates with backend software 830 (e.g., backend controller 320, backend application 340 and backend listener 350) of server 820 via network link 815a, network 810, and network link 815b.
Network links 815 may include telephone lines, DSL, cable networks, T1 or T3 lines, wireless network connections, or any other arrangement that implements the transmission and reception of network signals. Network 810 may include any type of interconnected communication system (such as the Internet), which may implement any communications protocol (such as HTTP), which may be secured by any security protocol (such as HTTPS).
Server 820 includes a processor and memory for executing program instructions as well as a network interface, and may include a collection of servers. In one particular embodiment, server 820 may include a combination of servers such as a web application server (e.g., the SAP Web Application Server) and a database server. Database 840 may represent a relational or object database, and may be accessed via a database server.
User computing device 700 and server 820 may implement any operating system, such as Windows or UNIX. Frontend software 750 and backend software 830 may be written in any programming language, such as ABAP, C, C++, Java or Visual Basic, and may comprise the software implementing an SAP CRM Interaction Center Web Client application.
In other embodiments, application software embodying the functionality of the present invention may be deployed on a standalone machine or through a client/server arrangement, for example.
delivering the one or more messages to the Web browser session via the connection in response to the request.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more messages includes a text message.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more messages includes a byte message.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more messages includes an object message.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more messages are placed in a queue before being delivered to the Web browser session.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the notification to the Web browser session is effected via a polling mechanism.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the polling mechanism includes changing a value to indicate the receipt of the one or more messages, the value being continually monitored by the Web browser session.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the value is stored on a server cache.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the value is a timestamp.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the request by the Web browser session is an HTTP request.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the one or more messages are delivered to the Web browser session via a response to the HTTP request.
deliver the one or more messages to the Web browser session via the connection in response to the request.
13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the one or more messages are placed in a queue before being delivered to the Web browser session.
14. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the notification to the Web browser session is effected via a polling mechanism.
15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the polling mechanism includes changing a value to indicate the receipt of the one or more messages, the value being continually monitored by the Web browser session.
16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the value is stored on a server cache.
17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the value is a timestamp.
18. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the request by the Web browser session is an HTTP request.
19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the one or more messages are delivered to the Web browser session via a response to the HTTP request.
means for delivering the one or more messages to the Web browser session via the connection in response to the request.
21. The system of claim 20, wherein the one or more messages are placed in a queue before being delivered to the Web browser session.
22. The system of claim 20, wherein the notification to the Web browser session is effected via a polling mechanism.
23. The system of claim 22, wherein the polling mechanism includes changing a value to indicate the receipt of the one or more messages, the value being continually monitored by the Web browser session.
24. The system of claim 23, wherein the value is stored on a server cache.
25. The system of claim 24, wherein the value is a timestamp.
26. The system of claim 20, wherein the request by the Web browser session is an HTTP request.
27. The system of claim 26, wherein the one or more messages are delivered to the Web browser session via a response to the HTTP request.
|
2019-04-24T14:53:45Z
|
https://patents.google.com/patent/US20060075107A1/en
|
Porn
|
Reference
| 0.115063 |
wordpress
|
The usual way to protect a scientific discussion from the factionalism of academic politics is to exclude people who opt out of the norms of science. The challenge lies in knowing how to identify them.
The goal in starting this discussion is to ensure that economics is a science that makes progress toward truth. A necessary condition for making this kind of progress is a capacity for reaching consensus that is grounded in logic and evidence. Given how deeply entrenched positions seem to have become in macroeconomics, this discussion could be unpleasant. If animosity surfaces, it will be tempting to postpone this discussion. We should resist this temptation.
Science is the most important human accomplishment. An investment in science can offer a higher social rate of return than any other a person can make. It would be tragic if economists did not stay current on the periodic maintenance needed to protect our shared norms of science from infection by the norms of politics.
One of those economists Romer knows and — rightfully — criticizes in his paper is Robert Lucas.
Added 20:00 GMT: Joshua Gans has a post up on Romer’s article well worth reading, not the least because it highlights the nodal Romer-Lucas difference behind the ”mathiness” issue.
In modern endogenous growth theory knowledge (ideas) is presented as the locomotive of growth. But as Allyn Young, Piero Sraffa and others had shown already in the 1920s, knowledge is also something that has to do with increasing returns to scale and therefore not really compatible with neoclassical economics with its emphasis on constant returns to scale.
Increasing returns generated by non-rivalry between ideas is simply not compatible with pure competition and the simplistic invisible hand dogma. That is probably also the reason why so many neoclassical economists — like Robert Lucas — have been so reluctant to embrace the theory wholeheartedly.
Neoclassical economics has tried to save itself by more or less substituting human capital for knowledge/ideas. But knowledge or ideas should not be confused with human capital.
In one way one might say that increasing returns is the darkness of the neoclassical heart. And this is something most mainstream neoclassical economists don’t really want to talk about. They prefer to look the other way and pretend that increasing returns are possible to seamlessly incorporate into the received paradigm. Romer’s view of human capital as a good example of non-”mathiness” not-withstanding, yours truly is of the view that talking about ”human capital” — or as Lucas puts it,”knowledge ‘embodied’ in individual people in the short run” — rather than knowledge/ideas, is only preferred because it makes this more easily digested.
Added 20:55 GMT: Romer has an even newer post up, further illustrating Lucasian obfuscations.
Added May 17: Brad DeLong has a comment up on Romer’s article, arguing that Lucas et consortes don’t approve of imperfect competition models because they are ”intellectually dangerous” since they might open up for government intervention and ”interventionist planning.” I agree with Brad, but as I’ve argued above, what these guys fear even more, is taking aboard increasing returns, since that would not only mean that policy preferences would have to change, but actually would bring havoc to one of the very fundaments of mainstream neoclassicism — marginal productivity theory.
Added May 18: Sandwichman has a great post up on this issue, with pertinent quotations from one of my intellectual heros, Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen.
Added May 19: David Ruccio has some interesting thoughts on Romer and the fetishism of mathematics here.
If Deirdre McCloskey could read, she would never have slandered Adam Smith as a libertarian. Her critique is exactly like Romer’s in yet another way: it serves to protect economics from getting anywhere near the truth.
however, I like the piece. It is really a settling of scores against those who dumped on endogenous growth theory model with less than stellar math and empirics.
Noah has a good write up on his blog.
You’re aware that Romer’s most cited paper, which, by the way, contains quite a neoclassical model (has optimizing agents, equilibrium and everything), is literally called ”Increasing Returns and Long-Run Growth”, right?
What Romer seems to be saying is that the assumptions behind all the maths in economics needs to be questioned and sharpened up. For sure they do . But I think he misses the point. To sharpen up economics, first a lot of the maths has to go. A lot of the subject is simply an artificial construct to allow for the maths – what Keynes calls ”pretty and polite techniques”. It is ontological and epistemological inquiry that needs sharpening up. Maths is limited in its ability to understand complex social systems and its forced use actually gets in the way. There is a role for maths in economics, and for models. But to closer to the truth we need a multidisciplinary approach and the subject has to engage with knowledge outside the discipline.
Reassuring declarations like this appear regularly when economics is in crisis and they have regularly been counter-productive.
What is in fact self-evident is that economics is a failed science. And this not as recently as the onslaught of some mathematical extremists but at least as the beginning of Neoclassics itself.
One curious thing to notice is that the thread’s title sends the reader in the wrong direction. The problem has never been that math had masqueraded as science. The real embarrassment has always been that economists have used math in order to masquerade as science.
However, what comes across is that something has gone badly wrong with math. This, as has been suspected by so many for so many years, is apparently against the spirit and standards of science. And now it falls upon Paul Romer to save the economics world.
As matters stand now, some people, nice colleagues, have to be expelled from the temple of economics but Romer is acting in the best interest of the whole profession.
Why? What stake? How did the crown jewel of economics become something to be flushed? Let us speculate. Could this be a strategic withdrawal? Is the dispensable ‘bad’ mathematical freak sacrificed for the benefit of the ‘good’ realistic maximization-and-equilibrium kind of guy?
The Great Recession has now come back on economics itself. On closer inspection, a growing number of non-economists rate it quite realistically as what it is: good for entertainment but not up to the scientific task. The writing is on the wall, Soros spends millions on New Economic Thinking and students defect to Heterodoxy and pluralism.
Time to close ranks and to make a sacrifice to calm the angry masses. Among the most popular points of critique excessive math has always been at the top of the charts. And the likes of Lucas, McGrattan, Prescott, Moll et.al. (sorry, dear colleagues, (Romer, 2015, p. 92)) have simply gone over the top. Their economic absurdities are so drastic that even the representative economist, who swallows almost everything, cannot swallow this ‘lemon’ (Romer, 2015, p. 90). The New Classical mathies have to be flushed to save the core of Orthodoxy.
This does not suffice. In order to ‘exclude people who opt out of the norms of science’ one can exclude the overwhelming majority economists from economics. Why? Because they subscribe to the same fundamental methodological mistake/error.
This faulty behavioral axiom has produced numerous offspring: supply-demand-equilibrium, general equilibrium, marginal utility, well-behaved production functions, total income = value of output, total income = wages + profits, marginal product distribution, I=S, and others that fill the textbooks (2014b).
It is bizarre that economists, who after more than 200 years still cannot tell the difference between profit and income and have still not realized that utility and equilibrium are nonentities like dancing angels on a pinpoint, suggest that there is a valid scientific core that is jeopardized by mathiness.
There is no such core, Paul Romer’s fallback position is untenable. Scientific incompetence, not mathiness, is the problem of economics. ‘Progress toward truth’ is hindered by Paul Romer and the maximization-and-equilibrium kind of guys themselves. Nothing less than a paradigm shift will do.
Paper Series, 2418851: 1–19. URL http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?
The only interesting analysis of Romer’s critique is above. The persistence of economics needs to be understood. It is clear that critiques like Romer’s have worked to strengthen and protect the anti-science, anti-empirical nature of the discipline.
As far as I am concerned, Romer (1990) is an example of ”mathiness”. Others. including Ian Steedman, have been very critical with the unconcern of those in the new growth theory with the lack of clarity in the meaning of their symbols.
For crying out loud! When will somebody notice that comparisons to physics are psychotic! The science of living things starts with Darwin. If economics is about human beings, it starts with Darwin.
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2019-04-23T09:08:55Z
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https://larspsyll.wordpress.com/2015/05/16/paul-romer-on-math-masquerading-as-science/
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.195949 |
wikipedia
|
^ 中文百科在線, 犀牛. 2010-12-20 （中文）.
^ African Rhinoceros. Safari Now. [19 March 2008]. （原始内容存档于2008年5月22日）.
^ Dollinger, Peter and Silvia Geser. Black Rhinoceros. World Association of Zoos and Aquariums. [9 October 2007].
^ Bhaumik, Subir. Assam rhino poaching 'spirals'. BBC News. 17 April 2007 [23 August 2008].
^ Derr, Mark. Racing to Know the Rarest of Rhinos, Before It’s Too Late. The New York Times. 11 July 2006 [11 October 2007].
^ Kinver, Mark. Javan rhino 'now extinct in Vietnam'. BBC News. 25 October 2011 [25 October 2011].
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2019-04-25T02:29:48Z
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https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8A%80%E7%89%9B
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Porn
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News
| 0.885516 |
tripod
|
The Flowers in the attic movie was okay. It was enjoyable. It followed the book and the childrens experiences in the attic for the most part. The actors chosen to play the Dresden Dolls and other characters were well cast.
The book was definatly better but the movie was pretty good. Except for the ending which i found ridiculous and left no opening for a sequel or a "Petals on the Wind" which I would like to have seen.
Maybe I should have re-read Rain before I saw this movie. I loved this book !! To me I don't think this movie did the book any justice at all. (from what I can remember) Seems like it focused to heavily on Rain being sent away because of witnessing Benny's death at the hands of the thugs. I don't even remember her witnessing Benny's death. I don't remember any thugs coming after her in the book. Then again it has been a long time since I read the book.
No emphesis was placed upon her relatonship with the boy (can't even remember his name the movie was so unremarkable) at the school. And only brief contact with Roy after her move to the rich grandmothers house. The grandmother and Rain bonded a little too quickly.
Again, this movie does not do this book justice. I think it would have been better served as a mini series.
I would not suggest buying this movie unless you want to prequel to the Rain series called "Gathering Storm" which is only available with the purchase of the movie.
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2019-04-21T20:47:00Z
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http://ladyxanax1.tripod.com/id189.htm
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Porn
|
Reference
| 0.31407 |
wordpress
|
Mobile marketing is one of many marketing channels available to the savvy restaurateur or business owner today. And while it rarely reaches a market segment as large as radio, television, and print, it is growing in a big way.
But where do you start with mobile marketing? There are so many ways. I recommend you start with text message marketing, also known as SMS marketing.
Text marketing is the place to start when it comes to mobile. It is the most instant form of direct response advertising. In fact you could say that it is on-demand advertising – and it’s your demand!
You can use text message marketing to promote special events and weekends, etc. You can also use it to turn disasters and slow times into something special.
If you’ve got a food special that you didn’t sell as much of as you had planned, you can send an SMS to your mobile list.
If you’re having an unexpectedly slow afternoon (or weekend), you can also come up with an instant special – how about free appetizers? – to get guests walking through your doors and sitting in your seats.
Of course the meat and drink of your mobile marketing will be things like coupons (limit their time if you want to increase response), frequent special offers and discounts, and loyalty club interactions.
You’ll want to test different offers to see which generate the most response. It’s very possible that “two-for-one” will beat “50% off” every time – even though it is the same basic deal.
How can you tell which offer is best? The simple answer is that you’ll have to try each of them out. But this doesn’t mean you should try different offers on alternating Fridays (for example).
The most effective type of testing for your different offers can only happen when you run them at the same time. To do this, all you need to do is make sure your mobile marketing provider can run a simple “split test” with your offers.
If your provider doesn’t offer this functionality, or if he or she doesn’t know what you’re talking about, get a new mobile marketing provider.
More and more people these days are making a conscious effort to patronize local mom-and-pop establishments. And while that’s great for local economies, the down side is that many franchise operators are starting to see less-than-positive effects on their own operations. But it doesn’t have to be that way. Yes, there are some patrons on the extreme end who will avoid nationwide chains just because they are nationwide chains. But the majority of guests who have chosen to patronize local establishments more often are doing so to get more practical needs met. Local franchisers can court local business by paying attention to needs like trust, local community, and relationships. Building Trust with Your Local Clientele Patrons often trust local establishments more because of how well those establishments handle problems. If you want to develop this same kind of trust, make sure you handle any complaints as quickly as possible and with maximum attention paid to your customer. It doesn’t matter whether you live in an urban, suburban, or rural area: friendly, personalized attention when a problem arises is something that guests associate with “down home” mom & pop service. And it is this kind of attentiveness will help you create the same level of trust with your patrons. Sponsor Local Events Whenever Possible and Practical Be a (visible) part of your community – just like (other) local establishments. This is important in small areas where the local mom-and-pop competition can be fierce. It’s equally important in larger markets, where all competition is fierce! Finally, it’s also important in tourist areas. Locals who remember your community participation will recommend you to visitors. Combined with name brand recognition, this can be the “tipping point” that sends more out-of-towners through your door. Encourage Relationships Want to be seen as a local part of every patron’s life? Encourage your guests to create moments with family and friends – over and over and over again! One of the best ways to do this is to offer two-for-one and similar specials. Two-for-one drinks are good with the right crowd, as are “half-price-when-you-bring-a-friend”. In a more food-minded approach, you can offer specials on appetizers or even entrees to patrons who bring a friend during designated times of day.
How Will Google Wallet Affect the Restaurant Industry?
Google launched the first version of Google Wallet at a press conference on May 26, 2011. Then the mobile app made its debut on September 19, 2011. A limited amount of restaurateurs are trying out this new system of payment with Google Wallet.
Jamba and Jack in the Box have reported that they anticipate traffic to their stores to increase as tap and go payments become a part of consumers’ everyday routines. For many places, contactless payment may require an upgrade in their current hardware and POS software. But Jamba feels that the change will be worth it in the long run.
Currently, you must have a Sprint Nexus S 4G and use Citi Mastercard to apply this technology, but by the beginning of next year that is expected to change. Android already has plans to incorporate Google Wallet as well as just about every other mobile phone company. Since Google is a trusted name, the app is expected to take off.
The system allows for easy swipe with the phone in brick and mortar locations. The app also automatically applies any Google Offers and participating loyalty and gift card locations. Now you can truly go paperless with your coupons!
Not only will Google Wallet bring an added convenience to eating out, but it is more secure. With any other type of debit card or credit card, it can easily be stolen and used. Google Wallet requires a PIN to access any of its features on your phone. Plus, you can always lock your phone, too.
Currently, Google does not store transaction details, but they are expected to do so. Needless to say, our purchasing demographics will probably be researched and explored for purposes of advertising.
Are Online Restaurant Reviews Helping or Hurting?
Experts are saying that online restaurant reviews have taken the bite out of Zagat in less than six short years. Remember the days when a Zagat review was a vital part of the gourmands’ decisions in eating out? In the ‘80s and ‘90s, it was like the bible of gourmands and foodies. This has changed – not to mention that their choice to hide their ratings and reviews behind a paid subscription hurt its popularity since anyone can find restaurant reviews free of charge on the Web.
While Zagat’s subscriptions have plummeted, they are desperately trying to increase their profit by improving their importance to the foodie on the go. For just $9.99 a year, you can put the Zagat app on your phone and be on your way.
But why would consumers do this when the Yelp app is free? With or without the review, it still proves useful with pertinent contact information and an easily accessible map of restaurant locations.
Yelp has collected over 20 million reviews from amateur reviewers in less than 20 years. Can these amateur reviews really take the place of professional food critics? HBS professor Michael Luca says yes. After combining revenue data and Yelp stars, statistics show that going up one star in ratings can affect a restaurant’s profits by five to nine percent.
Needless to say, restaurant managers and owners aren’t quite as excited about the massive amounts of online restaurant reviews from Yelp. But there is a silver lining to this dilemma. Many restaurants are foregoing their traditional advertising methods for reputation maintenance.
What does reputation management involve? Mostly it involves an adherence to high standards and quality in food. This is a win-win situation. Of course, some may try to game the system with phony reviews and false rankings, but Yelp’s algorithm is designed to detect these phony online restaurant reviews.
Is it any wonder that bourbon cocktails have made a comeback? The hipster mixologists are always looking for a twist on a classic cocktail. The popularity of the hit AMC show Mad Men hasn’t hurt the sales for bourbon either. So come with us as we put the martini back up on the shelf and get down and dirty with some Kentucky distilleries.
According to the President of the Kentucky Distillers’ Association, Eric Gregory, distillers in Kentucky are having a hard time keeping up with the production of whiskey. In fact, whiskey distilleries in the South have spent well over $150 million to in an effort to expand the Bourbon industry.
What was once considered an inferior version of Scotch is now gaining respect and reverence with a new generation of drinkers. Bourbon is now a first-class choice in cocktails because of its broad range of flavors and ability to mix well in cocktails.
The new generation of Millennials is returning to the classic days of Old Fashioneds and Manhattans, but with a modern twist. So what does a twist on these classics entail?
Let’s take the classic Manhattan on the rocks. Instead of the well whiskey and maraschino cherry juice with a dash of sweet vermouth, go grab a bottle of Maker’s Mark. Now mix it with Luxardo maraschino liqueur and mix it with a dash of orange bitters and serve it in a martini glass.
If a Manhattan doesn’t float your boat, let’s do down south and tinker with the Kentucky Derby classic, The Mint Julep. This is typically made with Wild Turkey and there’s nothing wrong with that! Go ahead and muddle the mint, but instead of the classic simple syrup, why not spruce it up with vanilla bean syrup and make it a specialty drink? Now serve it in a nice frosty Tom Collins glass. Perfection!
With 2012 coming right around the corner, let’s take a moment to reflect on some of the possible restaurant trends in 2012. Whether you are a small food cart or a large chain restaurant, keeping up with restaurant trends is a sensible business strategy. Here are 10 of the food trends that RMG considers avant-garde and economical.
Expect all current administration for food labeling and food safety to go into full effect. By 2012, all chain restaurants with over 20 locations will be required to provide nutritional information on their menu.
Expect to see this word everywhere in 2012. As chain restaurants start to feature artisan foods, expect to see the term used and abused.
More Asian and Indian foods will be featured on fast casual menus. Fusion foods will become commonplace. Korean and Peruvian foods will receive widespread attention as more restaurants pop up in major metropolitan areas.
Even with alcohol sales going down, expect specialty cocktails to be highlighted more.
The price of commodities will increase. Food suppliers will continue to increase their prices as gas prices rise. Prices will get passed on to the end consumer in a gradual uprise.
In 2007, the economic recession prompted massive popularity in comfort foods. Expect to see the demand for a new twist on these old favorites.
Many restaurants will start to use their backyard space and offer more low-cost specialty beers and microbrews.
The tower of stacked food that has been popular since the early ‘90s will go horizontal. Instead of layers of food overlapping each other, expect to see long caterpillars of foods that preserve the distinct flavor of every element on your plate.
Sustainable foods are starting to become a deciding factor for many consumers, but through various marketing trends terms like “sustainable”, “organic”, and “green” will become a little fuzzy.
This is the new form of word of mouth. It’s not so much an option as a necessity at this point.
You are currently browsing the Jim Balis' Blog blog archives for January, 2012.
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2019-04-22T09:15:07Z
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https://jimbalis.wordpress.com/2012/01/
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Don't let the Grinch get you down this Christmas!
Come by Daddy Cakes this Thursday from 9am to 1pm and enjoy some Holiday cheer.
Warm your the belly of those you love with some of Daddy Cakes® latest baked goodness...PAUL FRANK's new "Boomerang Banana" or "Buttermilk Bridge" Pancakes.
Meet Julius the Lumberjack. He's gaga over Daddy Cakes® pancakes because they taste just the way Maw Julius use to make them without taking all day. Just Add Water.
Is this a perfect item or what? Nobody already has, it fits 99.9% of the time, is warm, and not a sweater. Not only that, it can also be shared with as many as 12 people....and you won't even need to sell the family cow.
Enjoy it for your very own pleasure...or if you are going to share these hot cakes you might want to get several because people are going to want more.
All Natural, All of the Way.
"Buttermilk Bridge" is rich, creamy and bakes up light and fluffy. Paul Frank & Julius traveled over many mountains and crossed so many crystal clear brooks on their way to discovering this delicious blend of buttermilk for their Buttermilk Bridge Pancake Mix.
Made from natural ingredients from scratch, so you don't have to, these delicious cakes will keep you looking good.
"Boomerang Banana" has real banana pieces right inside giving a delicious flavor and aroma. Julius’ love of pancakes was first revealed in his book (Wild West Bonanza) - Now that story line has become a reality. Paul Frank Industries partnered with Daddy Cakes® and Julius brings you his favorite flavor, “Boomerang Banana” - sure to keep you coming back for more.
DADDY CAKES® was invited by Bloomingdale's for a baking demonstration in the Bloomingdale's Home Store. It was quite a show! There must have been hidden cameras as it was too much fun. The crowd was entertained in a manner that was certainly network worthy. Daddy Cakes hour long baking demonstration involved preparation of two dessert cobblers, a strawberry shortcake, gingerbread pancakes and DADDY CAKES® Must Have Muffins.
All of us are a little Irish on St. Patrick's Day......some more than others.
This recipe was sent over to us last week for Bacon Guinness Pancakes. So what could be better for St. Patrick's Day breakfast than making up some Guinness Daddy Cakes? After all, the yeast in the beer works as a leavening agent and should take our already light and fluffy cakes and elevate them to a level of nearly weightless levitation.
We decided to use the DADDY CAKES® Witty Whole Wheat mix and instead of "Just Adding Water" we substituted with a nice ice-chilled frothy pint of Guinness Beer.
Like a good Irish Stout the Guinness Beer Pancakes put up a good fight and looked great going in. The end result was a beautiful and fluffy pancake. However, unless you are leaving O'Malarkodoons Pub at 2 a.m. and 3/4's English and sipping on some bitters you may not fully appreciate a full stack, or even a half stack, of these Daddy Cakes + Guinness Beer Pancakes.
Next year, the return of the Daddy Cakes Gigantic & Green Buttermilk pancakes for St. Patty's Day!
HAVE A FUN & SAFE ST. PATRICK'S DAY!
Once a year since the 1950s, the North American Aerospace Defense Command turns its high-tech radar system towards the North Pole and follows Santa’s progress around the world as he delivers his present payload. To really get the kids hyped on Christmas Eve, you can go to the NORAD homepage and then track Santa’s journey. You can also catch some snaps from the strategically positioned Santa-cams that grab pics of Santa and his reindeer as he makes his way across the night sky.
To Jesus this sort of stuff happens all the time, rarely to the Virgin Mary.
GLENDALE, Ariz., Dec. 3 (UPI) -- An Arizona woman said she was given peace and comfort from an unlikely source -- a pancake bearing an image she said resembles the Virgin Mary.
Bianca Lopez said she was cooking pancakes for her family a few days before Thanksgiving at their Glendale home and she noticed the image of Jesus' mother looking back at her from the final pancake of the batch, KNXV-TV, Phoenix, reported Thursday.
"I think it's God's way of telling us that the holidays aren't just about presents. It's about ... spending time with your family and friends and telling us to not forget about him, that he's always there watching over us and taking care of us," Lopez said.
Lopez said she is keeping the pancake safe in her freezer until she can decide what to do with it.
Maybe someone will make the Virgin Mary a pancake pan of her own now to.
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2019-04-20T12:24:10Z
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https://daddycakes.typepad.com/daddy_cakes_blog/comedy_food/
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Make graphing fun with your children this summer by graphing the weather together! You can tune into your local news station or log onto The Weather Channel to get your daily local temperature. You may choose to keep a log of the temperatures and graph daily or weekly. Make your child a part of the decision making process and ask THEM how often they would like to graph. Depending on the age of your child/children, they may/may not have learned about different types of graphs in school. Below you will find the most common types of graphs and visual examples of each.
Once you and your child decide which graph to create, discuss what aspects of the graph need to be present.
Scale with an appropriate interval (most of the times this is on the Y axis, depending on how the graph is labeled).
1. Which week had the highest overall temperature average?
2. What is the sum of the temperatures in Week 3?
3. What is the difference between the hottest day and the coolest recorded day?
What a great way to promote learning and get those brains working… even if it is summer!
One of the wonderful things about being a teacher AND mom is that I’m constantly trying to find ways to incorporate learning within everyday tasks! The following Math activity can easily be incorporated on a daily basis and can be enjoyed by children in grades K-6!
Prior to planning the day’s errands, decide on a few ways in which Math can be practiced in the car. Using your child’s interests can be a HUGE motivator for them. For example, if your child really loves the color blue, have them count how many blue cars they see in a minute!
Count how many seconds it takes to get into the car and buckle your seat belt.
Depending on age/grade, help your child count how many seconds a yellow lights lasts.
If you have to go to the library, count how many books are being returned.
Count how many dogs are being walked.
Ask your child to keep track of how many traffic lights are passed.
How many of their favorite stores have you passed along the way?
The possibilities are endless here and I hope this is a great start!!
As a classroom teacher, I have witnessed first hand how my students have struggled with telling time on an analog clock. An analog clock is the clock pictured above. Nowadays, our children have cell phones, the cable box and digital clocks to tell them the time so WHY would they need to know the difference between the little hand and the big hand?? Well, because it’s an essential part of life!
Activity-This activity is ideal to begin with children who are 4 years of age and older. For younger children, show them an example of an analog clock and a digital clock. Ask them to tell you a few ways that they are the same and different. Explain that both do help with telling time, but for the analog clock, THEY have to figure out the time using their number skills. For school-aged children, take it one step further and explain how the analog clock has a ‘small’ hand and a ‘large’ hand. The short hand tells the hour and the larger hand tells the minutes.
After the analog clock introduction, begin timing your child’s favorite activities so that they may begin practicing telling time.
**You may time ANY activity for ANY length of time depending on your child’s progress.
Your child/children have gone shopping with you hundreds of times!! Time to let them do the shopping….with play money of course!!
What you will need: play money-plastic coins and/or paper bills, empty cereal boxes, soup cans, empty snack containers, stickers to label items with their prices, pad, and pencil.
Activity: This activity can be modified for children K-4th grade. Before creating the “grocery store,” label each grocery item with the purchase price. Then, choose an open area to set up the grocery store. It is now time to shop!!! Depending on the age of the child, you may want to start with small amounts of money first. For example, introduce the dollar bill and explain that 4 quarters = $1, 10 dimes=$1, etc….
You may then give your child a specific budget to shop with. If you give them $5, ask them to buy as much as possible without going over their budget. Let them continue shopping without interfering. Once they are finished, add up the prices of the groceries items and discuss with your child the strategies that they used in order to stay within budget OR if they went over their budget, discuss what they could do the next time. If your child/children stayed within budget, work with your child to figure out how much money they should get back from you, the cashier. Play this game as often as you’d like~making it a little more challenging each time.
Challenge Activity: To make this more challenging, you may set out more grocery items, set a higher budget and/or ask your child to tell you what the ‘cashier’ owes them!
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2019-04-25T21:55:16Z
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https://imtjen.wordpress.com/category/lessons/math/page/2/
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Link UP Your Etsy or other Crafty Sites!
I have an Etsy shop for my silver jewelry but currently I have been too busy to make anything new, but that doesn’t stop me from cruising all the awesome shops that they have, I love to buy homemade items or from companies that are run by Moms or just crafters who do it as a hobby.
I have so many talented and awesome readers, I would love to see your creative blogs or Etsy shops! If you have something that you make or sell or create, link it up here for us all to check out! Don’t be afraid to show off something that you have recently made either, even if you don’t sell them! Have you redone a room, or planted your garden? We want to see it!
I was asked last week by Sherry Williams of KHOU Channel 11 to put together 11 gifts for $11 and under… the catch? I could NOT use sales or coupons!
That goes against everything I have in my body! But, I sucked it up and came up with what I think are some great gifts.
Tween Girl Gift: $10 at Walmart a craft set for making bracelets and headbands.
Simple Start: Mini car starter, clearanced at Walmart for $10 (was $22) they had a TON!
This is a gift I did for a teen boy. What do you buy them under $100?
The Grandparent flower pot was the cheapest and I think turned out the cutest!
I took a $1 terra cotta pot from the $$ store. Painted it white, took my 3 year olds foot and painted it brown, turned it upside down and stamped it on the pot. Then I took her hands and painted them brown to make the antlers of the reindeer and stamped those on. Gave him some eyes and a red nose, wrote Merry Christmas on it, got a $3.50 poinsettia from Walmart and you have a cute gift!
The Family Movie basket is another favorite. It is so easy to do. I got the cute popcorn basket from the $.99 store. But, you can get a clean one from the movie theatre as well. Filled it with movie candy, microwave popcorn and a good family movie, so easy and cheap. My kids love getting things like this, they make sure we use it.
The Baking Basket was my girls favorite. From the Dollar Tree I got the mixing bowl, and utensils. At Randall’s I grabbed any cookie or cake mixes that sounded yummy and threw in a pot holder and you have a very nice gift for what I thought was an adult. I have changed my mind however, and I think I am going to be giving these to all the little girl birthday parties my kids get invited to!
The experience with Sherry Williams and her photographer was awesome, she was so professional and accommodating with all my kids everywhere. They didn’t phase her at all! If you want to see the program segment that Sherry put together it will be on this Friday (November 20th) on Houston KHOU channel 11 between 5am-7am, then again at 5pm and again on Saturday morning from 7am-9am.
Tune in to CBS tomorrow, It’s my T.V. debut!
Set your DVR’s tomorrow morning, Monday, at 7:40am Eastern time, I will be on the CBS Early Show talking to KellyWallace about couponing and Savings.com.
Say a prayer that I didn’t say anything stupid!
The other day some WONDERFUL friends and I were interviewed for a news article in our area. If you want to read the interview it is online HERE.
Thanks girls for coming over!
I don’t blog often. I just barely started this. In fact, I think the only people who read this blog are my family (thanks Mom!) and Kelly (thanks Kelly!). Imagine my surprise this morning when I received an email from the editor in chief (hi Mr. Nick!) of Scholastic. I didn’t even know what to do-I thought it was spam (sorry Mr. Nick).
So in case you don’t understand what an honor this is, I was nominated for the Mommy Blogger award with about 500 other contestants. The editors picked their favorite ten blogs and are letting the readers vote for the favorite five to be published in Scholastic Parents magazine.
I am so flattered and thankful for the nomination and that people are interested in the fun our family has! I had started this blog to be a journal for my kids so they can remember the cute things they do. I can’t wait to share more stories, come back and visit!!!
And if you don’t vote I’ll send Rush over to your house to pull all the books off the shelves!!!
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2019-04-21T12:48:08Z
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https://mylitter.wordpress.com/category/media/
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This is a repost of a pattern from 2011.
Pictured is the baby quilt size.
From Ina C. who did an outstanding job. Thanks.
This one is a twin size for her big girl bed. The backing is made of red Minkie and is very snuggly. I made the background from scrappy lights.
This quilt was made with fabric purchased in 2010 in Paducah, KY.
DH and I went there and enjoyed every quilty minute.
I found a fabulous sale on Kona solids (remnants) at Hancocks of Paducah.
I had a very interesting selection of fabric colors to work with.
That fabric inspired me to create a quilt to remember my fun visit.
I quilted it on my domestic machine. I stitched in the ditch along the lines of the bargello pattern.
I am giving it to my son for his birthday.
Instead of making lots of tiny, setting triangles I use squares. Then I do the quilting. When the quilting is done I trim the squares into triangles and then do the binding.
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2019-04-26T16:16:19Z
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https://carterquilter.wordpress.com/tag/free-quilt-pattern/
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Kids
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Put on the full armor of God so that you can take your stand against the Devil’s schemes….
You can try your best to keep me down. But I am a fighter. I know your ways. You try to isolate me and weave paranoia into my life. But I refuse to push people away. I will choose to be vulnerable and authentic. And that forms deep, Christ-like relationships. And if my goal is authenticity and sharing God’s love, I will win. So, Devil, take a hike. It’s all over for you.
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2019-04-22T06:54:18Z
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https://theunravelingweb.wordpress.com/2017/08/
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| 0.427925 |
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Why Are Congressional Websites So Bad?
What you won’t find is any information about many things you might actually want to know, such as the aforementioned voting records. Also uniformly absent is a list of committees that the congressperson serves on, how bills actually become law, the lobbyists that they’ve met with, campaign donors, or anything that poses a danger of arming citizens with any real information that might lead to more intelligent voting. It’s as if our elected officials don’t want us to know what they’re doing in office.
Looking at votes through THOMAS is easy if you know the date the vote occurred or you know the vote or bill number, but there is no subject access to votes and the description of each vote is very brief. House vote charts are broken out by yeas, nays, and not voting, and include overall vote tallies and party breakdowns. The Senate vote charts are grouped by three categories: yeas, nays, and not voting; alphabetically by name; and by state. The Senate charts also provide overall tallies, but not party breakdowns.
Basically, there exists no readily available list of votes sorted by THE ACTUAL REPRESENTATIVES. To have these stats listed prominently on the websites of individual Representatives and Senators would be asking too much.
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2019-04-20T07:01:05Z
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https://drapersden.wordpress.com/tag/web-design/
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But the project is really about real historical precolonial African nations, and I have tried to form a map of the most prominent of those that existed between the 15th and mid 19th century, by looking at historical maps like the one found in UNESCO’s “A General History of Africa”, linguistic regions and natural boundaries.
I have also made a Prezi presentation in which I explain the map and some historical facts, and also the process of making it. This can be seen here.
For more versions of the map and details about price, shipping and to order one, click here.
Wow, look how incredibly divisive Africa would be. No wonder they were 15,000 years behind before Arabic and European colonization. Most of Africa by the 1800s still hadn’t developed the wheel, or agriculture, or fixed settlements. The only remotely advanced states in Africa at the dawn of European colonization were those that had been colonized by Arabic states.
This is an exaggeration. Most of the African population lived in fixed settlements and practiced agriculture.
As an African living in Africa, I can tell you first-hand that the careless merging of a lot of these civilisations by colonisers is one of the main reasons we have problems today on the continent e.g. tribalism and nepotism. I recommend you watch the PBS documentary series ‘Africa’s Great Civilizations’. The documentary debunks a lot of theories about Africa being less developed than Europe and Asia. Have a great day.
Interesting. You don’t consider the Arab presence that leads to Misr and al-Magrib to be colonization as well?
Portugal and Spain remain colonized and occupied. That’s a problem.
If Portugal and Spain are colonized and occupied, then so is the whole of Northern Africa. More so, since the “colonizers” of Spain and Portugal were the former inhabitants before they reconquered Spain and Portugal.
this map is a commendable effort but is problematic. the western concept of borders aside, many of the ‘countries’ wouldn’t have existed without the pressure of colonialism. the british helped establish Umbuso weSwatini (Swaziland), and the Lesotho analogue (Basuto) in your map was established as a direct result of Zulu expansionism, which itself was partially effected by British and Boer activity in the region. also, it’s unlikely that the Khoe would have been interested in founding Hoeri Kwaggo (Cape Town) – the very idea of sedentary populations was anathema to their mode of production – or that they would even have survived Nguni aggression for much longer.
i do love these kinds of maps though and would love to see increasingly accurate representations of what might have been. they fire the imagination and offer us a glimpse of how we might be able to resolve some of the colonial-legacy border issues in Africa.
Why does a map of what is supposed to be Africa without colonies has Spain and Sicily under Arab rule and the Ottomans still controlling the Balkans? Do you consider these lands to be somehow colonized by Europeans?
So what is the, or an, African Name, for the continent, Pre-english and arabic naming of same?
This is a good post until you consider that all life originated from africa….with that being said.
Thanks Nikolaj Cyon for your sterling efforts at presenting an arguably post-Western and alternative view of Afrika (as seen from the ‘inside-out’).
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2019-04-20T11:28:33Z
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https://decolonialatlas.wordpress.com/2014/11/15/alkebu-lan-1260-ah/
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Raul said in his application to show at SL7B, “One of the main characteristics of Second Life is change and evolution. We all change the Second Life appearance with our touches, with avatar appearance, building (and destroying), terraforming… and all this speaks also about out identity.
See Identity Crisis on the Miraculous sim.
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2019-04-19T07:15:13Z
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https://sl7b.wordpress.com/2010/06/21/day-two-of-sl7b-tuesday-june-22/
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Fiji was our chosen honeymoon destination, so this year for our anniversary we decided it was time to go back to one of our favorite places. There are so many islands and resort choices in Fiji, so rather than return to the same places, we opted for a new itinerary. The Outrigger on the Lagoon (on the Coral Coast), and Castaway Island Resort, being sister properties are offering a great deal: Split your stay between the two and they throw in a free helicopter transfer between the resorts. We spent the first 3 nights at the Outrigger, one of the few 5 star resorts on the main island Viti Levu. This extensive resort is modeled after a Fijian village with traditional thatch roofed bures (bungalows), as well as resort and ocean view rooms. We opted for an ocean view room, since we would have a beach bure at Castaway. The rooms are very tastefully appointed in modern Fijian style, with large verandahs overlooking the lush property and the clear blue lagoon. The beaches in this area are prone to extreme tidal fluctuations, so swimming and snorkeling can only be done at certain times of day. The resort makes up for it however, with a very large swimming pool and 4 great restaurants and bars. The food at Outrigger was top notch, ranging from simple lunches at the pool bar, to fine dining at their award winning Ivi restaurant. We celebrated our anniversary there and were warmly serenaded by the restaurant staff, and presented with a beautiful and delicious custom made dessert. The Fijians our famous for their beautiful singing voices and harmonies. Even the breakfast buffet was accompanied by guitars and Fijian songs. The Outrigger’s hillside spa and is sweeping views seduced us into splurging for a couple’s massage, which was worth every penny, especially with the current exchange rate The helicopter transfer was one of the highlights of the trip. It takes off from Outriggers onsite helipad, and after traversing lush forests, rolling hills, azure seas, and tiny islets, touches down directly on remote Castaway Island.
You are currently browsing the South Pacific Vacations' Weblog blog archives for July, 2009.
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2019-04-21T12:08:57Z
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https://southpacificvacations.wordpress.com/2009/07/
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Well, the time has come to think about work. We have been discussing our future opportunities for a while now and how we can avoid returning to London to pick up the desk job. Money has not been an issue and our monthly budget seems to be holding well with another year and half worth in the bank. Our decision to work has primarily come from boredom. I understand that anyone reading this in the UK will be thinking that we are crazy, but whilst talking to a friend we ended up saying that yes, tomorrow is another beach and the after that will be another beach and so on. We have found that both of us need to get our teeth into something that exercises our mind and our bodies. This is not to say that Troskala’s travels are over, this could be not be further from the truth but before we head to the Pacific a little money and a foundation for a new career would be a sensible option at this stage.
So we are in the Charter Yacht Capital at the moment and have been talking to several friends about what it is like working for Moorings, Sunsail, BVI Charters and so on. The more information we have received the better this lifestyle appears to be. We are both very sociable, have a hospitality background and love sailing; could there be a better career for us to take up?
Once we have the qualifications, which will take a week we are left in quite a tricky situation. Hurricane Season is dawning and on the 01st of June we will be in it. We do not know whether to head to St Lucia, Trinidad or Granada, or head back to the British Virgin Islands; does anyone have the right answer? We understand from talking to numerous cruisers that this year is to set to be a record year for hurricanes but this can be just ‘dock talk’ with no fact, so before we set sail another 400 miles south we need to know exactly how bad it is likely to get out here.
If our job prospects come together we will be leaving Troskala for a month to return to the UK and then to Spain to tie up some loose ends and say hello to family and friends before returning to the Caribbean in September.
There is a lot of change happening and these are now very exciting times with the chance of a new career and some more money to be able to carry on our circumnavigation.
We will let you know how we get on and we hope you are all well.
Posted on 20/05/2013 21/05/2013 by magneticdeviationTagged charter yacht, hospitality background, sunsail bvi.
The best of luck with the Yachtmaster stuff – sounds a good plan. You need to avoid those desk jobs for sure!
We are still pottering about the Solent in Cariblue but will be taking a few trips across to France soon. I just need to retrieve a tool negligently dropped in the strum box behind the keel while fixing a new water pump inline! It’s further down than my arms can reach!
Hello Mark. Thank you again for your comment and the previous information regarding your rudder; it took me time to digest the information but at least I now have a better understanding should I have to undertake similar work.
Mark, we are coming to England and I will do my Yachtmaster in the Solent. It would be lovely to meet up with you and your family. Is the ROA doing anything special over July & August?
I hope you have managed to get out sailing and your France trips sound like fun.
Anyway, we will hopefully see you all soon.
Hi I don’t know much about where would be the best place to leave a boat for the hurricane season. The reading I have done says you should be south of 10 degrees so Trinidad would probably be best on that front.
I doubt if it is any easier to predict how ferocious a hurricane season will be than it is to predict that the UK will have a BBQ summer! I believe that an El Nino can lead to more hurricanes than otherwise but I don’t think that the evidence is conclusive.
Would it make any sense to leave the boat in the States? Say Florida. I know that it is firmly in the hurricane belt but communications are easy there and there must be thousands of boats kept there on a permanent basis.
Best of luck with the job hunting and so on.
Thank you Roger for your advise and comment. As you will see we have decided to leave Troskala in the BVI’s but will have her strapped down and complete all necessary preparations that I can think of. Everyone is saying that it is going to be an active year but as you said it is not easy to predict and it will be a risk we have to take unfortunately. At least where we are leaving her she will be looked after and that gives me great reassurance.
Thanks again Roger and happy sailing.
Good luck with your plans. Re hurricanes, I would not risk having our boat be in the prime hurricane belt. Going south is a good idea. I have seen in Texas what hurricanes can do to marinas, anchorages, etc.
Thank you so much Gus. Your advise is always welcome. I hope you are well.
I am sure you will not have any trouble with the yachtmaster just practice the blind nav a bit,, and look after your crew, and brush up on weather. i am sure you know it. Best wishes.
Thank you James. I am slightly concerned but already brushing up on my navigation and tides. I have not had to use tides for a while as you imagine. How are you anyway? It would be good to meet when we are in the UK if you are around.
Send our regards to Jill and we hope to see you soon.
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2019-04-23T22:42:30Z
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https://magneticdeviation.wordpress.com/2013/05/20/to-charter-or-not-to-charter/
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livejournal
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It's time to Think IT! Do IT!
The University of the Philippines Training Center (UPITTC) in partnership with the European IT Service Center Foundation, Inc. (EITSCFI) and the Hanns Seidel Information Technology Foundation, Inc. (HSF) will conduct a series of free IT training to selected teachers of public schools, state colleges and universities from June to November this year.
The free training is a continuing project of the UP ITTC entitled “Training of Teachers and Trainers” which focuses on the capacity development of teachers and trainers in the field of IT education.
Under the project, the UP ITTC will conduct a series of short-term IT training courses that will enable teachers to effectively manage their respective IT programs.
“This project is in line with UP ITTC’s educational and training program under the Philippine IT Human Resources Development Project,” explained Dr. Jaime Caro, UP ITTC director. “The partnership between UPITTC, EITSCFI and HSF aims to increase the sustainability of teacher and trainer development initiatives. We believe that this project will lead to continuous knowledge and skills improvement of teachers and trainers,” he added.
The project consists of two major components. The first is the conduct of at least 10- training activities in Metro Manila. The second component includes a tracer system to monitor and trace the improvement and progress of teachers and trainers trained.
“The project began in October of 2009 with the initial implementation of the PM training for state universities and colleges,” said Prof. Lemuel Brana, UP ITTC marketing and business development head and lecturer on Project Management. “Since then we have conducted 4 more trainings on PM, software engineering and cyber security. Under this project, we have trained some 104 teachers from 100 schools,” he added.
The project is being implemented on a resource-sharing basis. UP ITTC, EITSCF and HSF will finance their own contributions towards the implementation of the joint training activities.
UP ITTC is the partner of choice by EITSCFI and HSF for the quality of its training and effective academe, industry and government collaboration. It is at the forefront of developing human capability through IT training as well as customizing the latest worldwide learning techniques in the Philippines.
Each course can accommodate 15 to 20 participants. Participants are urged to register with the UPITTC through Ms. Luisa Manalaysay to reserve a slot.
EITSCFI is a non-stock, non-profit foundation that promotes quality IT education and training for under-skilled workers and public school teachers and trainers.
HSF is a German non-profit, non-governmental organization that provides development assistance in the field of human resources development through training, research and publications and project development.
For more info, visit the UP ITTC website at http://ittc.up.edu.ph or e-mail Ms. Luisa Manalaysay at mdmanalaysay@ittc.up.edu.ph.
Open to all college IT Teachers of public schools, state universities and colleges.
Download and accomplish the application form at http://ittc.up.edu.ph/downloads/seminarapplicationform.doc and submit to Ms. Luisa Manalaysay at mdmanalaysay@ittc.up.edu.ph. Deadline of submission is on June 30. Please await confirmation of you approved application. Only those whose applications has been approved will be allowed to attend the training.
The UP Information Technology Training Center (UPITTC) has forged media partnerships with the country's leading print, radio and on-line media organizations in a bid to boost attendance to the Philippine Youth Congress in IT or Y4iT.
The 8th Y4iT is the most anticipated youth IT event in the country. Last year, some 18,000 delegates flocked to UP Diliman to attend the 4-days congress that discussed various topics on computing, the internet and social networking.
The University of the Philippines Information Technology Training Center (UPITTC) updated this year its full-time Certificate in IT curriculum.
The revision in ITTC’s curriculum covers both the full-time and short courses. “These revisions aim to provide an integrated approach for IT practitioners to receive professional IT training,” said Dr. Jaime Caro, UPITTC Director. “It is part of the larger agenda of ITTC to help address the gap between demand and supply of qualified IT professionals by providing more opportunities for IT training,” he added.
Under the revised ITTC curriculum, new full-time students can either attend the fast track or the regular course. “The fast track is the original one-year, full-time course offered by UPITTC,” Ms. Leah Figueroa, training team leader said. “This means that students under the fast track must be able to complete the whole Certificate in IT course in just one year while students of the regular course would be able to complete it in one and half years,” Ms. Figueroa explained.
The introduction of the regular course is in response to students who have difficulty coping with the quick pace characteristic of the fast track and to provide better alternative to students with no background in IT.
“All incoming UPITTC students are already capable of becoming qualified IT professionals. Except that some may have circumstances that affect their being able to cope with the swift pace of studying under the fast track,” Prof. Lemuel Brana, Marketing and Business Development Head explained. “We want that these students also have the chance to finish their certificate course,” he added.
The addition of the regular course to the milieu of IT course offerings will put UP ITTC a step closer to realizing its vision of reducing the local and foreign demand gap for more high-quality, high-level IT professionals.
The changes in the curriculum was endorsed and approved by an Advisory Board composed of academe and IT industry practitioners. The Advisory Board periodically reviews subjects under the full-time course to ensure that the subjects being taught are updated, relevant and responsive to the needs and projections of the IT industry.
The revision of the curriculum is in keeping with the philosophy of kaizen (Japanese word which means continuous improvement) that the training center has adopted in order to be more responsive in effectively carrying out its mandate to provide high-level and practical IT training that matches the needs of the industry.
In addition to introducing a regular full-time course, the UP ITTC also integrated and streamlined its short course offerings into 10 new certificate programs.
The revised short courses will enable working professionals to earn their certificates by completing a certain number of required modules. Each certificate program is composed of at least 5 core subjects, that when taken together and successively will make the participants highly qualified in a particular IT field.
In addition to upgrading the skills of employed IT professionals, the short course certificate programs will accelerate the shift in the level of Filipino’s IT skills from “users to developers,” increase the supply of IT professionals and deepen the market niche of skilled Filipinos in the global economy.
Core subjects under each certificate programs are modular and can be completed in 5 consecutive days or weekends. UP ITTC offers these subjects at convenient schedules, usually weekends, and based on participants’ availability or client demand.
“Under the revised course outlines, a student can take modules on, say network administration, separately and on his own time. After completing the core subjects, they can then be awarded a certificate in Network Administration. This is over and above the certificates that they receive after completing each module,” Ms. Figuroa explained.
For more information on UP ITTC’s full-time and short courses, log-on to http://ittc.up.edu.ph.
Graduating students of the one year, full-time Certificate in IT course of the University of the Philippines Information Technology Training Center (UPITTC) presented their course projects to ITTC’s industry partners and the Japanese International Cooperating Agency (JICA) Study Team for the Advanced IT-HRD Project last Friday, April 30, 2010 at the UP Campus in Diliman, Quezon City.
Responding to the theme “Overcoming the Digital Divide,” the Batch 5 graduating students from the three specialization tracks - Applications Development, Embedded Systems and Network Systems, showcased the product of their year-long IT training through a business presentation and hands-on demonstration of their course projects to ITTC partners and guests.
“This industry presentation is a commitment by the UPITTC to its partners to produce exceptional graduates,” said Prof. Lemuel Brana, UPITTC instructor and Marketing, Business Development Head and Philippine Computer Society Foundation President. “It highlights the level of proficiency that the students have achieved in just a year of intensive studies,” he added.
Graduating students of the Applications Development track unveiled an intuitive and accessible library management system for the UPITTC library as their course project. The library system used the internationally accepted MAchine-Readable Cataloguing (MARC) standard for bibliographical and related data storage and retrieval system.
The project boasts of increased functionality in tracking the status of books in circulation, minimal technical supervision, maximization of library resources and easy user access. The library system project also features an easy to use and feature-rich user and administrator accounts. “Users can do their search and reservation of their books on-line and in real-time,” according to Nelson Aclan, applications development tract course project leader.
“This project was based on the existing UP Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC). The challenge we posted to the applications development track students is not only to build on an existing system, but also analyze and improve it,” said Ms. Sonia Pascua, Applications Development Training Officer.
The “Cloudcast Video and Imaging Client” is capable of capturing images, recording, viewing and streaming videos to any client hardware or internet-based application.
“Embedded systems keep technology and users together,” according to Mr. Jordan S. Centeno, Embedded Systems Training Officer. “This course project not only showcases what the students have learned but also their understanding of the relationship of users and technology,” he added.
“They have to design their system to integrate the many different services available and running independently, typical in any small to medium offices,” according to Mr. Carlos N. Muro, Sr., Network Systems Training Officer. “The challenge is to integrate these services with a high degree of reliability and exceptional user experience,” he said.
Using Mesh topology, the network systems group was able to integrate various services such as database, web, telephony, file and printing, etc. into a single multi-site network that leverages web technology to provide a friendly, effective, robust and user-friendly experience.
“The output of the graduating UPITTC students are raw but impressive,” according to Mr. Ryan B. Despabiladeras of Fujitsu Ten. "The projects are exceptional, given that they only had less than 3 weeks to develop these applications and systems. You could not expect that they will be able to address all the issues, particularly on security,” he added.
Application and network security issues were the most common comment and concern raised by the industry partners. Despite these challenges industry representatives expressed their admiration to the graduating batch for coming up with course projects that consciously aimed to bridge the gap between technology and users.
“The developers focused mostly on making their course projects reliable and user-friendly. Security can be addressed later,” Mr. Despabiladeras said. “What is important is that UPITTC graduates already know what end-users need,” he said.
The Industry Presentation is a requirement for the graduating class to test how their course project can be best served and delivered to clients. It showcases the students’ analytical skills, programming proficiency, and business acumen acquired in their 1 year study. “The presentation shows the readiness and competitiveness of the students in becoming part of the IT industry. “This makes us very confident in accepting UPITTC graduates,” Mr. Despabiladeras concluded.
This year, selected course projects from the three main tracks, Applications Development, Embedded Systems and Network Systems, were presented to representatives from Fujitsu Ten, Fujitsu, Digital Arts, NEC, and the JICA Study Team for the Advanced IT-HRD Project.
Vidal Tan Hall, Quirino Ave., cor. Velasquez St.
*Please accomplish the application form and send to mdmanalaysay@ittc.up.edu.ph on or before May 31, 2010.
* Please await confirmation on whether or not your application has been approved.
* Only those whose application has been approved will be allowed to attend the training.
In June 2009 Reginald Eugene P. Chua entered the UP Information Technology Training Center’s (UPITTC) Certificate in IT course with a diploma in management, little knowledge about information technology and some insecurity in pursuing his ambition of becoming an IT professional. Last May 5, 2010, Reginald was awarded a special recognition for passing and garnering the highest percentage score in the history of the Philippine National IT Standards Foundation (PhilNITS) FE examinations.
Dr. Jaime D. Caro, UP ITTC Director, and Dr. Armin Sarthou, UP Vice President for Development awarded the Certificate in IT to Mr. Reginald Chua and 50 of his Batch 5 colleagues in simple ceremonies held last May 5, 2010 at the UP NISMED Auditorium in UP Diliman, QC. The graduation ceremonies also recognized students who passed the PhilNITS FE and Japanese Language Proficiency Test (JLPT) Levels 3 and 4 examinations.
Reginald’s experience in UPITTC is a testament that there is no hindrance to becoming a world-class IT professional and achieving one’s dreams regardless of circumstance.
Dr. Jaime Caro, UP ITTC Director, in his address to the Batch 5 graduates encouraged them to use what they have learned to contribute to a better society. “Don’t forget your social responsibility. Contribute to the national economy by developing quality products.” Dr. Caro said.
He also urged the graduates to continue their studies, take bold steps and to strive for positions of leadership in the IT industry. “Most of all, guard you integrity, be loyal to your employers and balance your success with service to others,” he concluded.
In the same ceremonies, certificates were also given to 11 PhilNITS FE exam passers held last October 2009 and April 2010. Mr. Reginald Chua garnered the highest percentage score in the history of the PhilNITS FE examinations. This year 44% of UPITTC students who took the exam passed the PhiliNITS. Only around 12-15% of the total examinees nationwide pass the PhilNITS exams yearly.
The PhilNITS FE exam is used to evaluate the knowledge and IT skills of an IT professional on the fundamentals of IT such as successfully carrying out jobs on program development, unit tests, and systems integration tests. (http://www.philnits.org/about.html).
Of the thousands of IT graduates in the country only those that pass the PhilNITS is recognized in five (5) Asian countries under the Information Technology Professional Examinations Council (ITPEC) composed of Japan (JITEC), Malaysia (METEOR), Thailand (NECTEC), Vietnam (VITEC), Philippines (PhilNITS) and Mongolia (NTP).
Owing to its significant ties with the Japanese International Cooperating Agency (JICA), the UPITTC encourages its students to take Nihongo or Japanese Language course. This gives the students an edge in applying for scholarships given by mostly Japanese UP ITTC industry partners.
“UP ITTC IT partners who sponsor our students require that they learn Japanese,” said Ms. Jonalene B. Lampawog, Sr. Japanese Language Officer. “Our Japanese speaking graduates are preferred by UPITTC local and Japan-based partners because they are proficient in Business Japanese and thus can be immediately hired,” added Ms. Lampowog.
This year, at least 3 graduates were directly hired by System Arts, Inc, a Japan-based software development company. They are Ms. Honeyleth Reblora, Roselle Gardon, and Daniel Fernandez.
The global economic slowdown gravely affected the scholarship offering of UP ITTC. There was a 58% decrease in scholarships offered by UPITTC industry partners in 2010, or just 10 scholarships, down from 24 available in 2009.
UPITTC industry partners that sponsored students this year were NEC Telecom Software Philippines, Inc., Fujitsu Philippines, Inc., and System Arts, Inc.
UP ITTC students graduate from one of three specialization tracks offered under the Certificate in IT course. These are Applications Development Track, Network Systems Track and Embedded Systems Track. Students under each track are given focused and industry needs-based training that makes them experts in these fields.
Students under the software applications development track graduate to become software engineers while those who specialize in Network and Embedded Systems track become network engineers and embedded systems analysts, respectively.
This year, 23 students graduated under the Applications Development Specialization track, 16 from Network Systems Specialization Track, and 12 from Embedded Systems Specialization Track.
01. Abella, John Paul C.
04. Agunday, Francis John P.
05. Amparo, Angel Gabriel G.
06. Bautista, Danielle Ciara P.
08. Chua, Reginald Eugene P.
10. Espina, Jaime Gualberto D.
12. Francisco, Samuel Jacob S.
13. Ganon, Joseph Constantine C.
14. Gazzingan, John Reuben B.
15. Gelera, Sergio III, E.
16. Gregorio, Hanna Karla M.
17. Ison, January Emmanuelle Thomas DV.
18. Jamon, Juan Paulo G.
21. Pamintuan, Stephanie Anne P.
22. Sevilla, Peter Paul P.
24. Atienza, John Benedict F.
26. Bustria, Roman Jr. DV.
27. Contreras, Walter Ryan A.
29. Garcia, Maria Cecilia B.
30. Maquirang, Joel Jr. S.
32. Navales, Ralph Steve C.
37. Temple, Charity Jayne J.
38. Veran, Juan Mikhail S.
40. Alindogan, Albino III M.
43. Gardon, Roselle Wednesday L.
44. Lee, John Boaz T.
45. Lim, Geoff Patrick O.
46. Mendoza, Adeo Cyrus R.
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2019-04-22T10:23:57Z
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https://upittc.livejournal.com/
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"Trump has said he would love to have a law to execute all drug dealers here in America," national political reporter Jonathan Swan writes. "[T]hough he's privately admitted it would probably be impossible to get a law this harsh passed under the American system."
In case readers may wonder if Trump is being serious, Swan confirms that "the president doesn't just joke about it."
"He tells friends and associates the government has got to teach children that they'll die if they take drugs and they've got to make drug dealers fear for their lives," Swan writes.
Among the scariest elements of the report is that Kellyanne Conway, who is leading anti-drug efforts for the White House, doesn't seem to deny the basic premise of the claim.
Conway talks about the "appetite" for "toughening up" criminal statutes and only goes so far as to say that the suggestion Trump wants to start killing drug dealers lacks nuance.
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2019-04-24T05:54:52Z
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https://www.salon.com/2018/02/26/trump-is-telling-people-that-he-wants-to-start-executing-drug-dealers_partner/
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Total Wine and More (Jacksonville – Southside) will be having a tasting featuring Avery Brewing Co. on Friday, September 27, 4 – 6 pm with a special bottle release.
This entry was posted on Wednesday, September 11th, 2013 at 9:35 pm and is filed under Uncategorized. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. Both comments and pings are currently closed.
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2019-04-23T04:17:31Z
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https://beerjunto.wordpress.com/2013/09/11/avery-brewing-co-tasting-at-total-wine-more-jax/
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Shopping
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CONTACT/RETURN & EXCHANGE POLICY – Last Standing Clothing CO.
LAST STANDING CLOTHING purchased on http://www.laststanding.ca or at a Last Standing Event Booth is available for exchange or credit within 15 days from the ship or in person purchase date.
Items must be shipped back and return shipping paid for by purchaser. Items must be returned unwashed, unworn and undamaged. All returned items must be accompanied by a Return Authorization Number which you can attain through emailing laststandingclothing@gmail.com.
CLEARANCE ITEMS MARKED “FINAL SALE” MAY NOT BE RETURNED OR EXCHANGED.
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2019-04-24T10:23:06Z
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https://laststandingca.wordpress.com/contact/
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Porn
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Shopping
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tripod
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A fantastic sight comes into view.
It is a unicorn that is all dressed up.
of many shades are braided in her mane and tail.
A long braid hangs in a rainbow of colors.
*Warm greeting visitor, I am Malana.
contest at the Star Islands Zone festival.
trots off, leaving you to your thoughts.
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2019-04-18T19:11:29Z
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http://thaelia.tripod.com/malana.html
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Porn
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Arts
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google
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2002-02-06 Assigned to BIONETRIX SYSTEMS CORPORATION reassignment BIONETRIX SYSTEMS CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: WALKER, TREVOR J., BAKSHI, BIKRAM S., HELMS, DAVID W., ROCHON, ANTHONY C.
A system, method and computer program product for providing unified authentication services in an Application Service Provider (ASP) setting to a registered end-user of one or more online (or web) applications. The system includes client side components, a user management component coupled to the client side components and server side components coupled to the user management component. The client side components include an authentication control component that manages the process of capturing a user-determined policy for a first account and user credentials. This allows the user to define the level of protection to access the first account. This includes, but is not limited to, accounts/applications that have been configured specifically for used with the system and particular user credentials and accounts that have been subsequently set up but configured to use the same user credentials. The client side components then communicate the result of capturing the user-determined policy and user credentials to the user management component. The user management component stores the user-determined policy and user credentials in a centralized location. In addition, the user management component organizes the user-determined policy and user credentials such that the user credentials can be reused for user authentication to a second account. Finally, the server side components include an authentication server. The user management component indicates to the authentication server to use the user-determined policy for user authentication to the first account.
This application claims priority to provisional application entitled “A System and Method for Providing Unified Authentication Services for Online Applications,” U.S. Application No. 60,191,471, filed on Mar. 23, 2000 (incorporated by reference in its entirety herein).
The present invention relates generally to a system, method and computer program product for controlling access to information, and more particularly to providing unified authentication services in an Application Service Provider (ASP) setting to a registered end-user of one or more online (or web) applications.
The present invention also relates generally to a system, method and computer program product for allowing access to information, and more particularly to the enrollment and authentication of communication protocol-enabled clients for access to information, particularly confidential information, via a communication medium.
The importance to the modern economy of rapid information access and exchange cannot be overstated. This explains the exponentially increasing popularity of the Internet, intranets, the wireless exchange of information, and so forth. The Internet is a world-wide set of interconnected computer networks that can be used to access a growing amount and variety of information electronically. The Internet today works especially well with the rapid access and exchange of public or non-confidential information.
One method of accessing information on the Internet is known as the World Wide Web (www, or the “web”). The web is a distributed, hypermedia system and functions as a client-server based information presentation system. The web supports documents that are formatted in a language called HyperText Markup Language (HTML). HTML documents support links to other documents, as well as graphics, audio, video files, and so forth. In addition, HTML controls how web pages are formatted and displayed. Computer users can access a web (or HTML) page using general-purpose computers, referred to as “clients,” by specifying the uniform resource locator (URL) of the page. FIG. 1 is a network block diagram showing a plurality of clients and servers connected to the Internet.
The Internet's popularity can be contributed in part to tools or protocols that have been developed to allow any user to take advantage of what the Internet has to offer. These include, but are not limited to, web browsers, HTTP, S-HTTP, cookies and SSL. Each of these are discussed in more detail below.
A web browser is a software application that makes it easy for users to locate and display web pages. Examples of web browsers include Netscape Navigator and Microsoft's Internet Explorer. A web browser is one example of a communication protocol-enabled client, as described herein. Other examples of a communication protocol-enabled client may include, but is not limited to, a TCP/IP client and a wireless client.
A common protocol used by the web is the HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP). HTTP defines how messages are formatted and transmitted, and what actions web servers and browsers should take in response to various commands. For example, when a user enters a URL in his or her browser, this actually sends an HTTP command to the web server directing it to fetch and transmit the requested web page.
A cookie, for example, is a message given to a web browser by a web server. Cookies are a general mechanism which server side connections can use to both store and retrieve information on the client side of the connection. This addition of a simple, persistent, client-side state significantly extends the capabilities of web-based client/server applications.
A server, when returning an HTTP object to a user, may also send a piece of state information which the user will store. Included in that state object is a description of the range of URLs for which that state is valid. Any future HTTP requests made by the user which fall in that range will include a transmittal of the current value of the state object from the user back to the server. The state object is a cookie. This simple mechanism provides a powerful tool which enables a host of new types of applications to be written for web-based environments. Shopping applications can now store information about the currently selected user items, for-fee services can send back registration information and free the user from retyping a username (or user ID) on the next connection, sites can store per-user preferences on the user computer and have the user supply those preferences every time a connection is made to that site, and so forth.
Another common protocol used on the web is the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol. SSL is a protocol used for transmitting private documents via the Internet. SSL works by using a private session key that is known only to the web browser for that particular session. The session key changes for each session. The session key is used to encrypt data that is transferred over the SSL connection. Many web sites use the SSL protocol to obtain confidential user information, such as credit card numbers.
Another protocol for transmitting data securely over the web is Secure HTTP (S-HTTP). Whereas SSL creates a secure connection between a client and a server over which any amount of data can be sent securely, S-HTTP is designed to transmit individual messages securely. SSL and S-HTTP, therefore, can be seen as complementary rather than competing technologies.
As stated above, the importance to the modern economy of rapid information access and exchange cannot be overstated. The popularity of the Internet has been enhanced through web browsers and the various protocols mentioned above. (The popularity of intranets and wireless communication has also been enhanced through protocols specific to each.) The rapid exchange of non-confidential information via the Internet has served users well. However, there are some problems. One problem is the protection of confidential information via the Internet. Another problem is satisfying the comfort level in individual users that their confidential information via the Internet remains confidential when they subscribe to and use online (or web) applications.
The importance of satisfying the comfort level of users increases as the applications or services provided to users via the Internet necessitates the access or exchange of confidential user information. Examples of such applications or services include business-to-business and business-consumer-e-commerce transactions, online applications such as banking, stock-trading, shopping, personalized content web sites, and so forth. To avoid providing confidential information to the wrong user, the user (or communication protocol-enabled client such as a web browser) must be authenticated before the user accesses a web application. While the ease of information access and exchange is attractive to all users, most users are also concerned with the security of their confidential information accessible via the Internet, an intranet, a wireless network, and so forth.
So as to not offset the increase in the popularity of the Internet for information access and exchange, an Internet provider of information needs to balance adequate confidential information protection with the ease of information access and exchange over the Internet. In addition, registered users of web applications should have some control over the level of protection provided to their accounts managed by web applications to ensure adequate user comfort levels are achieved. Also, the user should only have to enroll once (i.e., provide his or her credentials) and then have these credentials reused for authentication to all of the user's accounts.
A system, method and computer program product for controlling access to information, and more particularly to providing unified authentication services in an Application Service Provider (ASP) setting to a registered end-user of one or more online applications.
The system for remotely enrolling, authenticating and providing unified authentication services in an ASP setting to a user to access requested information via a communication medium includes client side components. Also included in the system is a filter coupled to the client side components via the communication medium and a user management component coupled to the client side components via the communication medium. The user management component allows end-users to register their credentials once. In addition, the user management component allows end-users to define the level of protection of access to their web application accounts. This includes, but is not limited to, accounts that have been configured specifically for used with the present invention and particular user credentials and accounts that have been subsequently set up but configured to use the same user credentials. The present invention then reuses those credentials to authenticate the user to one or more potentially unrelated web applications.
The system also includes server side components coupled to the filter and to the user management component via the communication medium. The client side components include an authentication control component that manages the process of capturing user credentials and communicates the result of the capturing process to the filter. The server side components include an authentication server. The authentication server stores data related to a plurality of users and at least one policy that is associated with the user. The user policy defines an authentication level where the authentication level defines the probability that the user is authorized to access the requested information. In addition, the authentication server receives the user credentials from the filter, attempts to authenticate the user by executing the user policy and communicates to the filter whether the user is authenticated. Finally, the filter interacts with a server containing the requested information once the user is authenticated by the authentication server.
To allow for the remote enrollment of the user, the present invention provides client side components that include an authentication control component and an enroll application. The enroll application is responsible for driving presentation logic that interacts with the user when presenting user credentials. The authentication control component is responsible for managing the process of capturing user credentials and communicating the result of the capturing process to the server side components.
The present invention is also a system, method and computer program product for allowing access to information, and more particularly to the enrollment and authentication of communication protocol-enabled clients for access to information, particularly confidential information, via the Internet.
The system includes client side components, a filter coupled to the client side components and server side components coupled to the filter. The client side components include an authentication control component that manages the process of capturing user credentials and communicates the result of the capturing process to the filter. The server side components include an authentication server, wherein the authentication server stores therein data related to a plurality of users and at least one policy that is associated with the user. The authentication server receives the user credentials from the filter, attempts to authenticate the user by executing the user policy and communicates to the filter whether the user is authenticated.
Finally, the filter interacts with a server containing the requested information (e.g., a web or application server that hosts the application that the user is requesting information from) once the user is authenticated by the authentication server. To allow for the remote enrollment of the user, the client side components include an authentication control component and an enroll application. The enroll application is responsible for driving presentation logic that interacts with the user when presenting user credentials.
An embodiment of the invention is a system for authenticating a user to access requested information via a communication medium, comprising: client side components; a filter coupled to said client side components via the communication medium; and server side components coupled to said filter via the communication medium, wherein said client side components include an authentication control component that manages the process of capturing user credentials and communicates the result of capturing said user credentials to said filter. The server side components include an authentication server, wherein said authentication server stores therein data related to a plurality of users and at least one policy that the user is associated with, said policy defining an authentication level, said authentication level defining a probability that the user is authorized to access the requested information, and wherein said authentication server receives said user credentials from said filter, attempts to authenticate the user by executing said policy and communicates to said filter whether the user is authenticated, and wherein said filter interacts with a server containing the requested information once the user is authenticated by said authentication server. The server may be a web server or an application server, and the authentication control component may be checked for integrity each time it is invoked.
A further embodiment is a system for allowing a user to remotely enroll user credentials via a communication medium in order to access requested information, comprising: client side components; a filter coupled to said client side components via the communication medium; and server side components coupled to said filter via the communication medium. The client side components include an authentication control component and an enroll application, said enroll application is responsible for driving presentation logic that interacts with the user when presenting user credentials, said authentication control component is responsible for managing the process of capturing user credentials and communicating the result of capturing said user credentials to said server side components. The server side components include an authentication server, wherein said authentication server stores therein data related to a plurality of users and at least one policy that the user is associated with, said policy defining an authentication level, said authentication level defining a probability that the user is authorized to access the requested information, and wherein said authentication server stores said user credentials.
A further embodiment is a method for authenticating a user to access requested information via a communication medium, comprising the steps of: storing, in an authentication server, data related to a plurality of users and at least one policy that the user is associated with, said policy defining an authentication level, said authentication level defining a probability that the user is authorized to access the requested information. The method includes further managing, via an authentication control component, the process of capturing user credentials; communicating, from said authentication control component to a filter via the communication medium, the result of capturing said user credentials; communicating, from said filter to said authentication server via the communication medium, said user credentials; determining, by said authentication server, whether the user is authenticated by executing said policy; communicating, from said authentication server to said filter via the communication medium, whether the user has been authenticated; and interacting, by said filter, with a server containing the requested information if the user was authenticated by said authentication server.
A further embodiment is a method for allowing a user to remotely enroll user credentials via a communication medium in order to access requested information, comprising the steps of: storing, in an authentication server, data related to a plurality of users and at least one policy that the user is associated with, said policy defining an authentication level, said authentication level defining a probability that the user is authorized to access the requested information. The method further includes driving presentation logic, by an enroll application that interacts with the user when presenting user credentials; managing, via an authentication control component, the process of capturing user credentials; communicating, from said authentication control component to said authentication server via the communication medium, the result of capturing said user credentials; and storing in said authentication server said user credentials.
Another embodiment is a system for authenticating a user to access requested information via a communication medium, comprising: client side components; and server side components coupled to said client side components via the communication medium, wherein said client side components include an authentication control component that manages the process of capturing user credentials and communicates the result of capturing said user credentials to said server side components. The server side components include an authentication server and a filter, wherein said authentication server stores therein data related to a plurality of users and at least one policy that the user is associated with, said policy defining an authentication level, said authentication level defining a probability that the user is authorized to access the requested information, and wherein said authentication server receives said user credentials from said filter, attempts to authenticate the user by executing said policy and communicates to said filter whether the user is authenticated, and wherein said filter interacts with a server containing the requested information once the user is authenticated by said authentication server.
A further embodiment is a method for authenticating a user to access requested information via a communication medium, comprising the steps of: storing, in an authentication server, data related to a plurality of users and at least one policy that the user is associated with, said policy defining an authentication level, said authentication level defining a probability that the user is authorized to access the requested information. The method further includes managing, via an authentication control component, the process of capturing user credentials; communicating, from said authentication control component to said authentication server via the communication medium, the result of capturing said user credentials; determining, by said authentication server, whether the user is authenticated by executing said policy; and communicating, from said authentication server to a server containing the requested information via the communication medium, whether the user has been authenticated.
FIG. 15 is a high level flowchart illustrating the present invention requesting and then storing user credentials and requested policies in order to allow the user to define the level of protection of access to one or more of the user's online application accounts according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The inventors of the present invention recognized that a solution did not exist that effectively balances protection of confidential information defined by end-users with the ease of access to the same confidential information via a communication medium, such as the Internet. It is important to note that while the present invention is described with reference to the Internet, it is not meant to limit the present invention. The present invention also applies to intranets, wireless networks, and so forth.
The general solution of the present invention to the above stated problem is threefold. First, use as adequate an identification device as possible to protect confidential information available on the Internet.
Second, provide a system, method and computer program product that utilizes the adequate identification device to provide effective authentication of the user to Internet-accessible (or web) applications and/or services that manage the confidential information.
And third, allow registered end-users of web applications to have some control over the level of protection provided to their accounts to ensure adequate user comfort levels are achieved. This requires providing a user management application that aids in centrally storing and managing all user credentials. The user management application works to cater to end-users to allow the user to enroll once (i.e., provide his or her credentials) and reuse the stored credentials for authentication to one or more web applications. For example, assume that a user “Jane” has an account with a service that offers package vacations at a discount called discount_vacation.com and an account with an online banking institution called bankonline.com. It is likely that Jane would desire a higher level of authentication to access her online banking account than her account that lists discounted vacation packages. Therefore, Jane may decide to protect her online banking account with a policy that requires her to pass a fingerprint scanner, a voice recognition system and a face recognition system to access her account. Whereas, Jane may only want to protect her discounted vacations account with a fingerprint scanner. Jane will be required by the present invention to provide her credentials once, which include a fingerprint measurement, a voice measurement and a face measurement. Then, her fingerprint measurement will be reused for access to both her online banking account and her discounted vacations account.
In an embodiment, the present invention is implemented in an Application Service Provider (ASP) setting. In general, an ASP is a third-party entity that manages and distributes software-based services and solutions to customers across a wide area network from a central data center.
The solution must not decrease the popularity of the Internet in terms of the ease of rapid information access and exchange currently provided by the Internet. More specifically, the architecture of the system of the present invention must be a cross-platform, high performance, extensible, and highly scalable solution for authenticating communication protocol-enabled clients, as well as remotely enrolling the credentials of communication protocol-enabled clients.
Billions of dollars have been lost by thousands of E-commerce businesses, Internet data content providers, etc., due to inadequate authentication to, and thus inadequate protection of, confidential information. Many users do not feel comfortable with having their confidential information accessible via the Internet. Therefore, when it comes to confidential information, these users may give up the ease of use of the Internet and resort to more traditional types of businesses or services that are not Internet-accessible.
Today, web applications control what kinds of credentials a register user must provide in order to access his or her account. For most web applications, the required credentials are minimal. For example, most web applications/services authenticate a user via a username and password only. Other identification devices include, but are not limited to, smart cards, tokens, and various biometric devices (e.g., fingerprint scanners, voice or face recognition systems, and so forth). In addition, most web applications reduce the cost and complexity of administering its confidential data protection by incorporating a process called “single sign-on” involving a password only.
Single sign-on provides each user with one password to access all web application resources (including public or non-confidential information and confidential information). Most users can remember one password without writing it down. While this reduces the complexity and cost of administering information protection, it reduces the probability that the user gaining access to the information is authentic. While single sign-on using a password is acceptable to authenticate users who access non-confidential information, single sign-on using a password is not acceptable to authenticate users who access confidential information, in addition to other types of information. The probability that the user gaining access is authentic can be increased by forcing each user to use multiple passwords, tokens, smart cards or biometric devices to access different types of information (e.g., confidential versus non-confidential information).
FIG. 2 is a block diagram representing an example operating environment of the present invention. It should be understood that the example operating environment in FIG. 2 is shown for illustrative purposes only and does not limit the invention. Other implementations of the operating environment described herein will be apparent to persons skilled in the relevant art(s) based on the teachings contained herein, and the invention is directed to such other implementations. Referring to FIG. 2, an authentication server 202, communication components 204, a filter 206, a user management component 207, an authentication control component 208, device specific components 210, a web browser 212 and one or more of web/application server 214 is shown.
An embodiment of the functional modules or components of the present invention includes authentication server 202, communication components 204, filter 206, a user management component 207 and authentication control component 208. The components of the present invention can each be classified under the following categories including: client side components; filter component; user management component; server side components and remote enrollment components. Authentication server 202 and communication components 204 are classified as server side components. Authentication control component 208, along with device specific components 210 and web browser 212, is classified as client side components. Filter 206 is classified as a filter component. User management component 207 is classified as a user management component. Finally, authentication control component 208 and communication components 204 are classified as remote enrollment components.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the server side components and the remote enrollment components are designed to be platform independent and only require that the communication with them be done over a standard, published protocol (e.g., HTTP protocol (RFC 2068)). Note that authentication control component 208 is classified as both a client side component and a remote enrollment component. In addition, communication components 204 are classified as both a server side component and a remote enrollment component. The reuse of these components in different classifications (or functions) of the present invention is the result of implementing the components in an object oriented programming language.
An advantage of any object-oriented program is that it enables programmers to create modules (that perform functions) that do not have to be changed when a new type of object is added. An object includes both the data and functions required to perform a task. Thus, by implementing the functions to be performed by the components of the present invention as objects, created modules do not need to be changed when a new type of object (or function) is added. This implementation of the present invention reduces complexity and thus increases efficiency. The categories (and their respective components) of the present invention are described next.
As stated above, authentication server 202 and communication components 204 are classified as server side components. Authentication server 202 is connected to communication components 204 (see FIG. 2). Authentication server 202 is described in detail in related, co-pending U.S. application Ser. No. 09/264,726 and U.S. application Ser. No. 09/517,121 (see, “Cross-Reference to Related Applications” above). For convenience, authentication server 202 is briefly described next.
Authentication server 202 is the engine of the present invention and stores collections of data required by the present invention. Both the functions of the engine and the data stored in authentication server 202 will be discussed in further detail below. The types of data stored in authentication server 202 are partially determined through the operations of an enrollment station and an administration station (not shown). The enrollment station is used to enroll users that are to be authenticated by the present invention. The enrollment station has attached to it every type of device (e.g., biometric devices like fingerprint scanners, voice or face recognition systems, etc., or security tokens such as RSA tokens, VASCO tokens, and so forth) used by the present invention to enroll and ultimately authenticate users. When a user is enrolled into the present invention, the user may be enrolled with as many devices as the administrator deems necessary.
The administration station is used by the administrator of the present invention to perform overall management duties. The administrator can also use the administration station to generate various reports. The reports may include a list of different types of data stored in authentication server 202 (e.g., a list of the currently enrolled users in the present invention). In addition, the administration station is typically used to setup the initial data in authentication server 202.
Another component that may be used by the present invention is the satellite enrollment station, also not shown in FIG. 2. The satellite enrollment station is used to enroll users into the present invention at remote locations. The satellite enrollment station may have as many devices attached to it as the administration station, but alternatively may also be a scaled down version of the administration station. As will be described in detail below, the present invention allows for web browsers (i.e., communication protocol-enabled clients) to act as remote enrollment stations.
Authentication server 202 also includes authentication components (i.e, authentication objects) that are not shown in FIG. 2. Authentication components interact with communication components 204 to provide the necessary function to perform user authentication. Authentication components will be described in more detail below.
As will be described with reference to the remote enrollment components of the present invention, authentication server 202 also includes enrollment components (not shown in FIG. 2) that interact with communication components 204 to provide the necessary function to perform remote enrollment.
As stated above, authentication server 202 is connected to communication components 204. Communication components 204 include different types of objects that perform specific functions, including a listen object and a comm object (which are described below). These types of objects are used to provide the necessary communication by the present invention when the user is attempting to be authenticated. As stated above, the present invention provides a solution that effectively balances the protection of confidential information with the ease of access to the same confidential information via a communication medium, such as the Internet. It is important to note that while the present invention is described with reference to the Internet, it is not meant to limit the present invention. The present invention also applies to intranets, wireless networks, and so forth. Depending on the type of communication medium, communication components 204 perform the necessary communication functions to authenticate the user via that particular medium. This is shown with reference to FIGS. 4, 5A and 5B.
In FIG. 4, communication components 204 perform the necessary functions for a wireless network. FIG. 5A illustrates communication components 204 performing the necessary functions for a local network or intranet. Finally, FIG. 5B illustrates communication components 204 performing the necessary functions for the Internet. Communication components 204, authentication components, and how they interact with each other, will be described next with the communication medium being the Internet, although the present invention is not limited to the Internet.
The listen object is instantiated by authentication server 202 at the time it starts up. The listen object is responsible for the following tasks as illustrated by FIG. 6. In FIG. 6 the flowchart starts at step 602. Once instantiated, the listen object acts like a HTTP daemon listening on the standard SSL port (i.e., port 443) for incoming SSL connection requests, as illustrated by step 602. Control then passes to step 604.
In step 604, once the listen object receives a SSL connection request, the listen object ensures that the request is processed by the comm object, as described below. Control then passes back to step 602, where the listen object listens for incoming SSL connection requests. The listen object is only destroyed once authentication server 202 is turned off.
There are different ways in which the listen object ensures that the request is processed in step 604. For example, in an embodiment of the present invention the listen object may be implemented as a standard daemon-thread, worker-thread-pool model where a single daemon thread accepts all incoming connection requests and hands off the newly created socket (for each connection) to one of the worker threads in the pool. The daemon thread can then go back to listening for more incoming connections. The number of threads in the pool may be a configurable parameter. Threads are well known in the relevant art.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the listen object may use an IO Completion Port to provide a single point of receiving requests from and transmitting responses to clients. This technique also lends naturally to asynchronous communication mechanisms, which have been shown to improve performance of IO centric processes. IO Completion Ports and asynchronous communication mechanisms are also well known in the relevant art. The comm object of the present invention will be discussed next.
A comm object is instantiated for each new client session. A client session results when a user at web browser 212 attempts to access web/application server 214. Once the authentication process is completed, an error occurs, or a timeout occurs, the corresponding comm object is destroyed. The comm object is responsible for the following tasks as illustrated by FIG. 7. In FIG. 7, the flow begins at step 702. In step 702, the comm object negotiates a session key with web browser 212 for symmetric encryption/decryption of data. This may involve exchanging of server-side certificates as well as client-side certificates. Control then passes to step 704.
In step 704, the comm object receives data from web browser 212 encrypted with the session key. Control then passes to step 706.
In step 706, the comm object decrypts the data received in step 704. Control then passes to step 708.
In step 708, the comm object parses the HTTP headers and content in the decrypted data. Control then passes to step 710.
In step 710, the comm object creates a data object conforming to a specific format from the received data and hands it off to the authentication components of authentication server 202 (i.e., authenticate object) or a policy object (via the authenticate object). Policy objects are explained in detail in related, co-pending U.S. application Ser. No. 09/264,726 and U.S. application Ser. No. 09/517,121. A policy object differs depending on the specific policy being used. It is policy that determines the method or way in which a user is to be authenticated by the authentication components of authentication server 202. It is important to note that a user is not authenticated until he or she passes the appropriate policy. In the present invention, a user is never authenticated by solely passing one or more devices without also passing his or her policy. Policies will be discussed further below. Control then passes to step 712.
In step 712, the comm object receives the data object back from the authenticate object or the policy object and formats it according to HTTP specifications. Control then passes to step 714.
In step 714, the comm object encrypts the data with the session key to be sent back to web browser 212. Control then passes to step 716.
In step 716, the comm object sends the encrypted data to web browser 212. It is important to note that some or all of the above steps may be repeated several times if the policy requires multi-factored authentication. The flowchart in FIG. 7 ends at this point. As stated above, the comm object is destroyed once the authentication process is completed, if an error occurs, or if a timeout occurs. The authentication components (i.e., authenticate object) of the present invention is described next.
The authenticate object is also instantiated for each new client session. As with the communication objects described above, authentication objects may also be communication medium specific. The tasks of the authenticate object is illustrated in FIG. 8. In FIG. 8, control starts at step 802. In step 802, the authenticate object retrieves the policy (or policy object) from the database (or database object) that is to be used to authenticate the user. Control then passes to step 804.
In step 804, the authenticate object informs communication components 204 of all necessary messages that are required for communication with web browser 212 (via filter 206 and via authentication control component 208). Once the authentication message exchange is complete, control passes to step 806.
In step 806, the authenticate object returns the final result to filter 206 (via communication components 204), which in turn interacts with server/web application 214 to allow (or disallow) access to the user. The interaction between filter 206 and server/web application 214 to hand-off control of the access with the user is referred to by the present invention as integration. The flowchart in FIG. 8 ends at this point. The client side components of the present invention are described next.
Authentication control component 208, along with device specific components 210 and web browser 212, are classified as client side components by the present invention. Device specific components 210 are software libraries and other components that are specific to an identification device (e.g., biometric devices like fingerprint scanners, voice or face recognition systems, etc., or security tokens such as RSA tokens, VASCO tokens, and so forth). Device specific components 210 are typically shipped by the device manufacturers and usually include an Application Programming Interface (API) that can be used to interface with the device. API's are well known in the relevant art.
Authentication control component 208 works in conjunction with device specific components 210 to manage the process of capturing a user credential, doing any local processing that is necessary and communicating the result of this processing to filter 206. For example, authentication control component 208 can be implemented as ActiveX control for certain web browsers (e.g., Internet Explorer) and implemented as a plug-in that contains the same logic as the Active X control for other web browsers (e.g., Netscape).
The client side components of the present invention provide two features including software integrity and one-time download. Once authentication control component 208 is downloaded on the client computer or machine, malicious users may tamper with it. To prevent this, client software integrity is checked each time before authentication control component 208 is used. This may be accomplished by performing a hash on the code for authentication control component 208, as well as the code for device specific components 210. If any changes are discovered, then the original code for authentication control component 208 and/or device specific components 210 are downloaded before the authentication of the present invention proceeds.
The one-time download feature of the present invention deals with the fact that a particular version of authentication control component 208 is downloaded only once on a user's computer, either at enrollment time or the first time the user tries to authenticate from a computer that does not have authentication control component 208. Thereafter, each new version of authentication control component 208 is also downloaded only once on the user's computer. The filter component is described next.
Filter 206 is a lightweight component that resides with web/application server 214 (i.e., any web server or application server that requires the authentication services of the present invention). The code for filter 206 is preferably written in the native language (e.g., C, C++, Java, etc) of web/application server 214 for optimum performance. In one embodiment of the present invention, filter 206 looks at all requests sent from web browser 212 and intercepts any request for authentication from web browser 212. Filter then forwards the authentication requests to authentication server 202.
Filter 206 is designed to interoperate with existing web servers including, but not limited to, Netscape Enterprise Server (NES), Microsoft Internet Information Server (MS IS), Apache, etc., to provide authentication services for accessing web sites. Filter 206 may also be used with application servers including, but not limited to, BEA WebLogic, SilverStream Application Server, Oracle AppServer, Sun NetDynamics, Microsoft Site Server, etc., to provide authentication services for web applications including online banking, online stock trading, and so forth. As shown in FIG. 2, filter 206 is connected to one or more of web/application server 214. Web/application 412 represents both a web server and an application server as mentioned above. Remote enrollment components of the present invention are described next.
The present invention allows users to register their credentials remotely (over the Internet, intranets, wireless networks, and so forth). The remote enrollment components of the present invention include authentication control component 208, communication components 204 and a middle-tier enroll application. As mentioned above, authentication control component 208 may also be used for enrollment as well as authentication (client side component). As described above, communication components 204 include a listen object and a comm object. Here, communication components 204 interact with the enrollment components of authentication server 202 (i.e., enroll objects, which is the counterpart of authentication object described above). This allows “one-time” download of authentication control component 208 either at the time of enrollment, or if the user moves to a different computer than the one they enrolled on, authentication control component 208 is downloaded the first time the user tries to authenticate from that different computer.
The remote enrollment functionality of the present invention requires authentication control component 208 to capture the user's credentials (e.g., biometric measurement, password, etc.) and send the credentials to the enroll object to be stored in the database of authentication server 202 for future authentication of the user by the present invention.
The enroll application drives the presentation logic of the remote enrollment process. The enroll application is responsible for creating the user visible HTML that is viewed in web browser 212. Several technologies may be used to implement the user visible HTML including, but not limited to, Active Server Pages (ASP), Java Server Pages (JSP), JAVA Servlets, Microsoft ISAPI and Netscape NSAPI. The enroll application acts as the go-between authentication control component 208 on one side and the listen object, the comm object and the enroll object on the other side. The tasks of the listen object, the comm object and the enroll object are described next.
As explained above, the listen object is instantiated by authentication server 202 at the time authentication server 202 starts up. The listen object is responsible for the following tasks as illustrated by FIG. 9. In FIG. 9 the flowchart starts at step 902. Once instantiated, the listen object acts like a HTTP daemon listening on the standard SSL port (i.e., port 443) for incoming SSL connection requests, as illustrated by step 902. Control then passes to step 904.
In step 904, once the listen object receives a SSL connection request, the listen object looks at the parameters of the request and determines whether control should be transferred to the enroll object, the comm object, or any other functional object the present invention supports. Note that FIG. 6 illustrates the case where there is only one type of request possible (i.e., an authentication request). Control then passes to step 906.
In step 906, the listen object ensures that the request is processed. Control then passes back to step 902, where the listen object listens for incoming SSL connection requests. The listen object is only destroyed once authentication server 202 is turned off.
A comm object is instantiated for each new client session. A client session results when a user at web browser 212 attempts to access web/application server 214. Once the enrollment process is completed, an error occurs, or a timeout occurs, the corresponding comm object is destroyed. The comm object is responsible for the same tasks as illustrated by FIG. 7.
The enroll object is the counterpart of the authentication object described above, in that it implements the logic for and drives the message exchange with authentication control component 208 (through the enroll application). A new instance of the enroll object is also instantiated for each new client session. As with the communication objects and authentication objects described above, enroll objects may also be communication medium specific. The tasks of the enroll object are illustrated in FIG. 10. In FIG. 10, control starts at step 1002. In step 1002, the enroll object creates the policy (or policy object) for the user. Control then passes to step 1004.
In step 1004, based on the created policy, the enroll object requests the necessary credentials from the user to be stored as a template. For example, if the policy requires that the user be tested on both a fingerprint device and a hand print device, the enroll object requests the biometric measurements of the user's fingerprint and hand-print. Control then passes to step 1006.
In step 1006, the enroll object stores the policy and credentials (or templates) in the database of authentication server 202. The flowchart in FIG. 10 ends at this point.
Although an embodiment of the present invention includes all of the functional components of the present invention discussed above, several (or all) components may be combined as long as the functionality of each component still exists within the present invention as described above.
The present invention allows a user to register his or her credentials once with the present invention. The present invention then reuses the user's credentials to authenticate the user to access one or more potentially unrelated online accounts provided by web/application servers 214. The present invention also allows the user to determine which policy and types of identification devices should be used to authenticate the user to a particular user online account provided by web/application server 214.
There are multiple ways in which the user can first be associated with the present invention. One way is for the user to be redirected by web/application server 214 to the present invention. Here, web/application server 214 may either require that the user register with the present invention or simply provide the user with the opportunity to register with the present invention. Another way in which a user can first be associated with the present invention is for the user to directly contact the present invention to determine which web/application servers 214 utilize the present invention. For example, if the user is looking for an online banking application/provider and is concerned with protecting his or her confidential account information, the user may actually choose his or her online banking provider based on whether the online banking provider utilizes the present invention.
The present invention allows users to define the level of protection of access to their online accounts. The present invention then reuses those credentials to authenticate the user to one or more potentially unrelated online accounts. User management component includes user management component 207. It is the function of user management component 207 to maintain a central data center that stores and manages (and thus reuses) user credentials for authentication to potentially unrelated online accounts provided by web/application servers 214.
User management component 207 drives the presentation logic of the user management process. User management component 207 may drive the interaction with the user through authentication control component 208 by presenting wizards and/or the user visible HTML pages that are viewed in web browser 212 to capture the policy(ies) (which includes the necessary identification devices to execute the policy(ies)) specified by the user and user credentials (e.g., biometric measurement, password, etc.). On the back-end, user management component 207 interacts with authentication server 202 to provide the policy that should be used when attempting to authenticate the user to a particular online account. User management component 207 may be developed using any of the industry standard platforms including, but not limited to, Java Servlets, Enterprise Java Beans, ISAPI extensions, Active Server Page programs, and so forth.
FIG. 15 is a high level flowchart illustrating the present invention requesting and then storing user credentials and requested policies in order to allow the user to define the level of protection of access to one or more of the user's online accounts. In step 1502, the present invention requests that the user indicate which policy to use for a particular online account provided by web/application server 214. This may also include allowing the user to determine the identification devices used to implement the user-determined policy. As will be described further below, the user may indicate the same policy for all of the user's online accounts, or use different policies for each account. The user's online accounts may be provided by the same web/application server 214 or different web/application servers 214. Based on the indicated policy(ies), the present invention guides the user to supply credentials (e.g., biometric measurement, password, etc.) needed to execute the policies. The storage and management of user credentials for providing to end-users unified authentication services for online or web applications is decoupled from the authentication and enrollment functions of the present invention. In fact, it is authentication control component 208 that captures the user's desired policy and, then based on the desired policy, captures the required credentials. Control then passes to step 1504.
In step 1504, user management component 207 receives the user's desired polices for each of the user's online accounts and user credentials from authentication control component 208. Control then passes to step 1506.
In step 1506, user management component 207 stores the received user credentials and desired polices in a central location. The database of authentication server 202 may act as the central location or data center for the user management function of the present invention. As will be described below in detail, there are many different ways in which this information may be organized to facilitate the present invention. The flowchart in FIG. 15 ends at this point.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the user is made aware of his or her GUID. The advantage to this is that the user can enter his or her GUID instead of his or her username for an account with a web/application server 214. Of course this would require some intelligence in the web/application server 214 to recognize the GUID. The benefit to this is that Table 1 can be eliminated. The present invention can go directly to Table 2 to determine the policy for the GUID.
In another embodiment of the present invention, John Smith wants to use different policies for each of his accounts. Table 3 illustrates how this is done by the present invention. Here, a table similar to Table 2 above can be eliminated.
The policy ID in Table 2 and Table 3 represents a policy already defined by the present invention and stored in the database of authentication server 202. As mentioned above, the user may indicate the same policy for all of the user's online accounts, or use different policies for each online account. Thus, the GUID may have a 1:1 or an m:n relationship with a user policy. Specific examples of pre-defined policies provided by the present invention include an OR policy, an AND policy, a CONTINGENT policy, a RANDOM policy, a THRESHOLD policy, a multi-user policy, a multi-location policy, a multi-template policy, a user dependent policy, a location restriction policy, and a computer/device specific policy. The present invention also allows the administrator to define or configure other policies. These pre-defined policies and how the administrator defines or configures other policies are explained in detail in related, co-pending U.S. application Ser. No. 09/264,726 and U.S. application Ser. No. 09/517,121. The tasks of user management component 207 are described next with reference to FIG. 13.
In FIG. 13, control starts at step 1302. In step 1302, the user management component 207 receives the username for the web application or online account the user is attempting to access. Again, this username is unique to the user with regard to the particular web application. Control then passes to step 1304.
In step 1304, the user management component 207 maps the username to the user's GUID of the present invention. Again, this may be done by utilizing a table such as Table 1 above. Control then passes to step 1306.
In step 1306, the user management component 207 maps the user's GUID to the user's policy (or policy object) of the present invention. This may be done utilizing a table such as Table 2 above. Control then passes to step 1308.
In step 1308, the user management component 207 indicates to authentication server 202 which policy to use when attempting to authenticate the user to the online account or web application. The flowchart in FIG. 13 ends at this point.
Although an embodiment of the present invention includes all of the functional components of the present invention discussed above, several (or all) components may be combined and not depart from the scope of the present invention.
Authentication server 202, communication components 204, filter 206, user management component 207, authentication control component 208, enrollment station, administration station and satellite enrollment station could be implemented using computer 300 as shown in FIG. 3. Obviously, more than one of these functional components could be implemented on a single computer 300.
The present invention may be implemented using hardware, software or a combination thereof and may be implemented in a computer system or other processing system. In fact, in one embodiment, the invention is directed toward one or more computer systems capable of carrying out the functionality described herein. The computer system 300 includes one or more processors, such as processor 304. The processor 304 is connected to a communication bus 306. Various software embodiments are described in terms of this example computer system. After reading this description, it will become apparent to a person skilled in the relevant art how to implement the invention using other computer systems and/or computer architectures.
Computer system 300 also includes a main memory 308, preferably random access memory (RAM), and can also include a secondary memory 310. The secondary memory 310 can include, for example, a hard disk drive 312 and/or a removable storage drive 314, representing a floppy disk drive, a magnetic tape drive, an optical disk drive, etc. The removable storage drive 314 reads from and/or writes to a removable storage unit 318 in a well known manner. Removable storage unit 318, represents a floppy disk, magnetic tape, optical disk, etc. which is read by and written to by removable storage drive 314. As will be appreciated, the removable storage unit 318 includes a computer usable storage medium having stored therein computer software and/or data.
In alternative embodiments, secondary memory 310 may include other similar means for allowing computer programs or other instructions to be loaded into computer system 300. Such means can include, for example, a removable storage unit 322 and an interface 320. Examples of such can include a program cartridge and cartridge interface (such as that found in video game devices), a removable memory chip (such as an EPROM, or PROM) and associated socket, and other removable storage units 322 and interfaces 320 which allow software and data to be transferred from the removable storage unit 318 to computer system 300.
Computer system 300 can also include a communications interface 324. Communications interface 324 allows software and data to be transferred between computer system 300 and external devices. Examples of communications interface 324 can include a modem, a network interface (such as an Ethernet card), a communications port, a PCMCIA slot and card, etc. Software and data transferred via communications interface 324 are in the form of signals which can be electronic, electromagnetic, optical or other signals capable of being received by communications interface 324. These signals 326 are provided to communications interface via a channel 328. This channel 328 carries signals 326 and can be implemented using wire or cable, fiber optics, a phone line, a cellular phone link, an RF link and other communications channels.
In this document, the terms “computer program medium” and “computer usable medium” are used to generally refer to media such as removable storage device 318, a hard disk installed in hard disk drive 312, and signals 326. These computer program products are means for providing software to computer system 300.
Computer programs (also called computer control logic) are stored in main memory and/or secondary memory 310. Computer programs can also be received via communications interface 324. Such computer programs, when executed, enable the computer system 300 to perform the features of the present invention as discussed herein. In particular, the computer programs, when executed, enable the processor 304 to perform the features of the present invention. Accordingly, such computer programs represent controllers of the computer system 300.
In an embodiment where the invention is implemented using software, the software may be stored in a computer program product and loaded into computer system 300 using removable storage drive 314, hard drive 312 or communications interface 324. The control logic (software), when executed by the processor 304, causes the processor 304 to perform the functions of the invention as described herein.
As discussed above, computer programs when executed, enable computer 302 to perform the functions of the present invention as discussed herein. In an embodiment, the present invention is implemented using computer programs written in an object-oriented programming language. Object-oriented programming is a type of programming in which programmers define not only the data type of a data structure, but also the types of operations (functions) that can be applied to the data structure. In this way, the data structure becomes an object that includes both data and functions. In addition, programmers can create relationships between one object and another. For example, objects can inherit characteristics from other objects.
One of the principal advantages of object-oriented programming techniques over procedural programming techniques is that they enable programmers to create modules that do not need to be changed when a new type of object is added. A programmer can simply create a new object that inherits many of its features from existing objects. This makes object-oriented programs easier to modify. To perform object-oriented programming, one needs an object-oriented programming language (OOPL). C++ and Smalltalk are two of the more popular languages, and there are also object-oriented versions of Pascal.
While an embodiment of the present invention is implemented using computer programs written in an object-oriented programming language, the present invention can also be implemented using procedural programming languages, etc.
As discussed above, one or more of computers 302 is connected by a network. An embodiment of the present invention uses a type of network architecture called a peer-to-peer object architecture. Before peer-to-peer object architecture can be understood, a type of network architecture called client/server architecture must be described. Client/server architecture is a network architecture in which each computer or process on the network is either a client or a server. Servers are computers or processes dedicated to managing disk drives (file servers), printers (print servers), applications/functions or network traffic (network servers). In fact, a server is any computer or device that allocates resources for an application. Clients are personal computers or workstations on which users run applications. Clients rely on servers for resources, such as files, devices, execution of functions and even processing power.
As stated above, an embodiment of the present invention uses a type of network architecture called a peer-to-peer object architecture. A peer-to-peer object architecture is when each computer in the network has equivalent capabilities and responsibilities. This differs from client/server architectures, in which some computers are dedicated to serving the others. Therefore, in an embodiment of the present invention, all computers 302 can operate as either a server or a client. The engine and data stored in authentication server 202 is described next.
As stated above, authentication server 202 of FIG. 2 is the engine of the present invention. In an embodiment of the present invention, it is this engine (executing a policy) that ultimately determines whether or not a user is authenticated by the present invention. In addition, authentication server 202 stores data accessed by the present invention. The ways in which the data stored in authentication server 202 can be configured include as a database and as a directory. Both the database and directory configurations are described in detail in related, co-pending U.S. application Ser. No. 09/264,726 and U.S. application Ser. No. 09/517,121.
The various collections of data stored in authentication server 202, along with a typical sequence of steps an administrator may take to initially setup authentication server 202, are also described in detail in related, co-pending U.S. application Ser. No. 09/264,726 and U.S. application Ser. No. 09/517,121. Typical data stored in authentication server 202 include, but are not limited to, templates, policies (or policy IDs), groups, device IDs, user IDs, computer IDs and application IDs. Additional data may include one or more tables that map the user's unique username for a web application to the user's GUID, and then to the user-specified policy.
One or more unique templates is created and stored in authentication server 202 each time a user enrolls on a different identification device. A template stores the user's unique measurement for a particular biometric device (which is then used to match against the user's “live” measurement when the device is attempting to identify the user) or password, etc., for a non-biometric device.
Policies of the present invention determine the method or way in which a user is to be authenticated by authentication server 202. Specific examples of pre-defined policies provided by the present invention include an OR policy, an AND policy, a CONTINGENT policy, a RANDOM policy, a THRESHOLD policy, a multi-user policy, a multi-location policy, a multi-template policy, a user dependent policy, a location restriction policy, and a computer/device specific policy. The present invention also allows the administrator to define or configure other policies.
Each pre-defined policy has a list of devices associated with it. The list of devices identifies the identification devices that are used to execute the particular policy. Each device in the list of devices may have a threshold value and a timeout value associated with it (this is typically true with biometric devices). The threshold value (e.g., false acceptance rate) indicates the level of identification the device must determine for the user to pass the device. The timeout value indicates the time in which the device has to identify the user to the level of identification indicated by the threshold value.
Each user can be put into one or more groups. When the user attempts to gain access to information in a particular group, the user must be authenticated by whichever policy is associated with that particular group.
A device ID identifies an identification device. Each identification device has a unique ID. Thus, the collection of device IDs allows the present invention to uniquely identify each identification device attached to Communication protocol-enabled clients (web browsers) in the Internet. Similarly, a user ID uniquely identifies a user utilizing the present invention. The message flows between the components of the present invention to authenticate the user and to remotely enroll the user are described next in Section E and Section F, respectively.
FIG. 11 illustrates a high level message flow between the components of the present invention for authenticating a user using web browser 212 according to an embodiment of the present invention. When the user tries to access a web site or a web application that is using the services of the present invention, the user is prompted to enter the “username” that the user registered with during the enrollment process. This “username” is sent to filter 206, as shown by flow line 1102.
Once filter 206 receives the “username,” filter 206 then sends a request to authentication server 202 (via communication components 204) to retrieve the “username” policy and templates (or credentials) stored in its database, as shown by flow line 1104.
Authentication server 202 retrieves the “username” policy and templates and returns them to filter 206 (via communication components 204), as shown by flow line 1106.
Based on the policy and templates, filter 206 challenges the user to present the user's credentials, as shown by flow line 1108. Here, authentication control component 208 guides the user through any necessary biometric measurement capture and matching processes.
Authentication control component 208 then sends the results of the challenge to filter 206 who forwards those results to authentication server 202 (via communication components 204), as shown by flow lines 1110 and 1112, respectively.
Based on the user policy, authentication server 202 then decides whether the match was good enough and if additional credentials are required (as in the case of multi factored authentications or policies) to access the particular information requested by the user. If multi factored authentication is required, then flow lines 1106 through 1112 are repeated as many times as necessary.
Once authentication server is able to execute the user's policy and determines whether the user has been authenticated, communication components 204 forwards the result to filter 206, as shown by flow line 1114. Here, if the user has been authenticated, then filter 206 interacts with web/application server 214 to allow the user access to its requested information.
The user can use the web application or web site for the duration of that session (i.e., until the user closes web browser 212). Thus, filter 206 either allows or denies the user access to the requested information, as shown by flow line 1116. The message flow between components for remote enrollment of the present invention will be described next.
FIG. 12 illustrates a high level message flow between the components of the present invention for remotely enrolling a user using web browser 212 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The message flow for remote enrollment is very similar to the message flow for authentication. The enroll application manages the interaction with the user. For authenticating the user to use the enroll application itself, several techniques may be used by the present invention. For example, the existing username-password combination that a user uses to access the application or web site today may be used. Another example is a one-time password or PIN may be generated and mailed (electronically or otherwise) to the user. In either case, the enroll object (described above with reference to FIG. 10) performs the one-time authentication of the user before proceeding to download authentication control component 208 on the user's computer.
Referring to FIG. 12, the user submits the one-time password or PIN to filter 206, as shown in flow line1202.
Filter 206 then requests one-time authentication for the user by the enroll object, as shown by flow linel204.
The result of the one-time authentication is returned to filter 206, as shown by flow line1206.
Filter 206 forwards this request to authentication control component 208, as shown by flow line1208.
Authentication control component 208 (via the enroll application) captures the necessary biometric measurements from the user and then posts the results of this capture to filter 206, as shown by flow line1210.
The results of this capture are then forwarded from filter 206 to the enroll object to store the results in authentication server 202, as shown by flow line 1212.
The user at this point has been enrolled in the present invention. The component API and extensibility of the present invention are described next.
FIG. 14 illustrates a high level message flow between the components of the present invention to provide unified authentication services to a user using web browser 212 according to an embodiment of the present invention. When the user tries to access an account provided by web/application server 214 that is using the services of the present invention, the user is prompted to enter the “username” that they registered with for that account (for example, “jsmith.user.tradeonline.com”). This “username” is sent to filter 206, as shown by flow line 1402.
Once filter 206 receives the “username,” filter 206 then forwards the “username” to user management component 207, as shown by flow line 1404. Here, user management component 207 determines the GUID and policy (which includes any necessary identification devices needed to execute the policy) to use to authenticate the user.
User management component 207 then forwards the policy to authentication server 202, as shown by flow line 1406.
Authentication server 202 then authenticates as normal utilizing the policy provided to it by user management component 207, as shown by flow line 1408.
<foobar> Denotes an optional element.
The server-side components, filter 206 and the enroll application expect requests in a specific format. The responses to these requests also follow a specific format. This allows for an extensible architecture and enables the plugging in of new web-enabled services to the existing infrastructure. BNF is an acronym for “Backus-Naur Form,” which is a metasyntactic notation used to specify the syntax of programming languages, command sets, and the like. Following is a BNF of a request of the present invention that includes an identification of the type of object that needs to be created and the data to send to the object.
Using the same method described here, albeit a different set of URLS, the architecture can easily be extended to allow other web functionality to be added to authentication server 202. Such an example of another functionality includes remote administration of authentication server 202.
wherein said server side components include an authentication server, and wherein said user management component indicates to said authentication server to use said user-determined policy for user authentication to the first account.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the communication medium is the Internet.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the communication medium is a local network.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the communication medium is a wireless network.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the first server and said second server are web servers.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the first server and said second server are application servers.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein said authentication control component is checked for integrity each time it is invoked.
8. The system of claim 1, wherein the first server and said second server are unrelated.
9. The system of claim 1, wherein the first server and said second server are related.
indicating, by said user management component to said authentication server, to use said user-determined policy for user authentication to the first account.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the communication medium is the Internet.
12. The method of claim 10, wherein the communication medium is a local network.
13. The method of claim 10, wherein the communication medium is a wireless network.
14. The method of claim 10, wherein the first server and said second server are web servers.
15. The method of claim 10 wherein the first server and said second server are application servers.
16. The method of claim 10 wherein said authentication control component is checked for integrity each time it is invoked.
17. The method of claim 10, wherein the first server and said second server are unrelated.
18. The method of claim 10, wherein the first server and said second server are related.
"Beyond Speech Recognition," Fortune, p. 264(1), Nov. 23, 1998 (Computer Select printout, Apr. 1999, 2 pp.).
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"Keyware Technologies: Keyware Technologies Introduces the LBV Security Server," M2 Presswire, Jun. 25, 1998.
"Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary," p. 992, 1999.
"Microsoft Computer Dictionary," p. 185, 1999.
"Microsoft Press Computer Dictionary," Third Edition, Microsoft Press, pp. 276 and 510, 1997.
"The Biometric Software Security Suite(TM)," at http://www.truetouch.com/ttbsss.html, 2 pp. (last visited May 7, 1999).
Avolio, Frederick M., "Identity Confirmed," Network World, vol. 18, No. 34, Aug. 24, 1998.
Blake, Pat, "Invisible Protection," Computer world, vol. 30, No. 47, p. T6(4), Nov. 18, 1996 (Computer Select printout, Dec. 1996, 1 p.).
Brenner, B., "LAN Fever: How to Protect your Business from Computer Viruses," Office Systems, Office Systems Magazine Corporation, Jan. 1992 [retrieved on May 20, 2002], 2 pp., Retrieved from the Internet: http://proquest.umi.com/pgdweb?Did=00000...4&Fmt=3&Deli=1&Mtd=1&Idx=1&Sid=3&RQT=309.
Carter, John and Nixon, Mark, "An Integrated Biometrics Database," pp. 8/1 - 8/5.
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International Search Report, Application No. PCT/US01/06499, 6 pp., issued Jun. 5, 2001.
International Search Report, Application No. PCT/US01/09188, 5 pp. issued Jun. 18, 2001.
International Search Report, Application No. PCT/US01/48374, 6 pp., issued Jun. 26, 2002.
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Keyware Technologies: The LBV(R) Server, at http://www.keyware.com, 2 pp. (last vistited May 6, 1999).
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2019-04-18T19:44:01Z
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https://patents.google.com/patent/US7441263B1/en
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Porn
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Business
| 0.166285 |
wikipedia
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Jacky Douglas Cupit (born February 1, 1938) is an American professional golfer who has played on both the PGA Tour and the Senior PGA Tour (now known as the Champions Tour).
Born and raised in Longview in the piney woods of east Texas, Cupit attended the University of Houston. As a member of the Cougars golf team, he earned All-American honors in 1959 and 1960, turned pro in 1960, and joined the PGA Tour in 1961. His older brother, Buster, was a professional golfer who played mainly in Texas and Oklahoma.
Cupit played on the PGA Tour from 1961 to 1973 and had four victories. His first came at the Canadian Open in 1961, helping him to win the PGA's Rookie of the Year award. His last tour win came in 1966 at the Cajun Classic. Cupit's best finish in a major was runner-up at the U.S. Open in 1963, when he and Arnold Palmer lost to Julius Boros in a three-way playoff.
After reaching the age of 50 in 1988, Cupit played part-time on the Senior PGA Tour. He currently is the Golf Professional Emeritus at the Links at Land's End in Yantis, Texas.
Note: Cupit never played in The Open Championship.
^ "Golf Instruction". The Links at Land's End. Retrieved August 5, 2013.
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2019-04-24T11:50:31Z
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacky_Cupit
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Porn
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Sports
| 0.734702 |
sfgate
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On a bright but chilly spring morning, San Francisco celebrated the darkest day in its history Wednesday with two small but poignant ceremonies.
It was the 101st anniversary of the 1906 earthquake that nearly destroyed the city -- and a reminder that the disaster is about to pass into legend.
As recently as last year, a dozen survivors of the earthquake and fire were on hand at Lotta's Fountain at Kearny and Market streets to tell their stories, but this year there was only one -- Herbert Hamrol, who, at the age of 104, seems indestructible.
Hamrol arrived at Lotta's Fountain just before 5 in the morning riding in the back seat of a black 1930 Lincoln convertible, escorted by motorcycle police and two vintage fire engines.
He told stories, gave interviews, posed for pictures, and joked with Mayor Gavin Newsom.
There are other survivors of the 1906 earthquake, but only Hamrol was hearty enough to make the ceremonies. He went to the commemoration at Lotta's Fountain, then to another ceremony at sunrise at a fire hydrant at 20th and Church streets, then was guest of honor at a breakfast at Lefty O'Doul's restaurant on Geary Street, and starred again at a lunch at John's Grill, an establishment that is merely 99 years old.
Hamrol, natty in a coat and a red vest, was treated like a living landmark from another age. He said he didn't recall much about the earthquake and fire. "I was young," he said, "I remember my mother carrying me down the stairs and out of the house."
He also remembers seeing ruins from the disaster at McAllister and Market streets about 1913, when he was 10 years old.
Hamrol ended his formal education right after grammar school to go earn a living and has worked ever since -- he said regular work is one of the secrets of a long life. He still holds down a job rearranging the merchandise at Andronico's supermarket in the Sunset District two days a week.
"I like what I do and they like me," he said. He said he'd worked for Andronico's for 50 years, more or less, and he plans to be back on the job today as usual. "The retirement benefits are good there," he said.
He said he expects to be on hand in 2008, on the 102nd anniversary.
"I'm looking forward to seeing you here again, too," he told Newsom, who is up for re-election this fall.
The commemoration Wednesday was low key, especially compared to a huge blowout for the centennial of the earthquake last year. There were 10,000 people on hand then, a stage full of dignitaries, and klieg lights. The proceedings were carried live on network television.
This time, there was no public address system, and the speakers, who included Newsom, fire Chief Joanne Hayes-White and police Chief Heather Fong, could barely be heard over the early morning traffic. There was only a single wreath, and the clock used for the countdown to 5:12 a.m., the hour of the quake, came from event organizer Lee Houskeeper's kitchen.
About 250 people showed up in the chill, many of them in costume. Donna Ewald Huggins, who was the mistress of ceremonies, came dressed as Lily Hitchcock Coit, a 19th century San Francisco belle who was enamored of the Fire Department and gave Coit Tower to the city.
Ed Archer arrived in a 1906 red Locomobile car, with a carload of men and women in high button shoes, fur coats and big hats. There was also Joel McCaughey, who is an embalmer in a Merced funeral home. McCaughey wore a top hat and a frock coat and announced that he is the great nephew of Eugene Schmitz, the mayor of San Francisco in 1906.
Later, many people in the crowd traveled to 20th and Church streets on the edge of the Mission District to spray a new coat of gold paint on a fire hydrant credited with stopping the huge fire that destroyed most of San Francisco after the earthquake.
Members of the crowd at the fire hydrant event stepped forward one by one, to remember parents, and grandparents, great aunts and great uncles, all of them long dead, who lived through the earthquake and fire.
"This is great," said Neil Malloch, of the California Heritage Council. "The people clearly want this tradition to continue."
To watch a video from the 1906 earthquake commemoration at Lotta's Fountain, go to sfgate.com.
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2019-04-20T02:38:29Z
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https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/SAN-FRANCISCO-101st-memorial-for-1906-quake-2601002.php
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Porn
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Shopping
| 0.720129 |
wordpress
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In Hanoi rests the body of Vietnamese revolutionary leader Ho Chi Minh in a large mausoleum in the centre of Ba Dinh Square.Uncle Ho, as he is affectionally regarded by supporters, led the revolution against the colonial french and governed the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) from 1945 to 1969.
You can view Ho Chi Minhs embalmed body (which we did) under heavy gaurd from the Army. Along side the mausoleum are the grouds of the presidential palace, the home where Ho Chi Minh worked and lived and a garage containing cars giften to Ho Chi Minh by the Soviet Union.
I am not going to comment on the war, the revolution led by Ho Chi Minh or communist politics. It’s also a bit difficult to research the matter as much of the western mainstream internet litreature refers to the Vietnamese view of Ho Chi Minh as part of a Communist Party propaganda drive meant to idolise the figure and thus maintain support for the party. They cite the Government’s supression of information about Ho Chi Minhs romantic life as proof of this. And yet would they say the same about western leaders glorified by their nation, leaders who led wars against other countries (rather than a reclaimation of their own) resulting in hundreds and thousands of deaths?
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2019-04-20T22:23:00Z
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https://peopledostuff675876015.wordpress.com/2012/11/15/ho-chi-minh-the-man-not-the-city/
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.731028 |
wordpress
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Many of you may have questions about prostate health that I haven’t specifically addressed on this site – especially those of you who have tested positive for prostate cancer. I don’t have all of the answers (still learning), but willing to help as much as I can.
If you are a part of a support group at a church, hospital, or community organization that’s within or near the Dallas/Ft. Worth metroplex, I am available to speak. I’m also willing to travel outside of my metroplex or even out of state if time (and/or money) permits.
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2019-04-21T22:29:33Z
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https://brokentoserve.wordpress.com/contact/
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Porn
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Health
| 0.960492 |
wordpress
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We were told in 2:3-4 to put the interest of others above our own and to consider others more significant than ourselves. The only way to do that, given our fallen and selfish nature, is to have a mind renewed by Jesus Christ to think in an unselfish and righteous way.
And, to the praise of God, that is exactly what has happened!
We who are Christians are united to Christ. Therefore, we do indeed have the mind of Christ.
We don’t need to search for it, investigate it, research it, or earn it. We already have it! We only need to claim it, to embrace it, to live it out, to recognize what is ours and then utilize what we already have.
In many ways the Christian life is like someone who inherits a giant mansion with a large estate around it. We step into the main foyer and are awed by its splendor and majesty; we sit there, eat there, sleep there, and are content there. Yet we have an entire mansion to explore! Dozens of more rooms, hundreds of acres, riches and treasures beyond imagination.
Do not be content to stay in the foyer of your Christian life! Discover all the wonders God has given to you in Christ.
Now, even though the Christian life is joyous and wonderful, it is not only that. Because we live in a sinful and fallen world, our affluent grounds are under attack. Sin is still at work in the outside world, laying siege against the church.
Jesus tells us we are soldiers who must prepare for battle. Yet the battle is not fought as we might think.
We win by losing. We rise by falling. We live by dying. We are exalted only if first humbled.
These verses are known as a Christ Hymn (another example is Colossians 1:15-20). These verses are unique, set apart from the standard prose of the rest of the letter. Perhaps Paul wrote it as a poem, either directly for this letter or previously and included it here as it fit his point. Perhaps someone else wrote it and Paul is merely quoting it as we would a song lyric.
In any case, this passage reveals to us some of the deeps truths of our Lord Jesus Christ. This Hymn recounts Christ’s Humiliation and Exaltation.
Limited himself and did not claim his full rights to power and honor as God.
Left the glories of heaven for the drudgery of earth.
Became a human, a lowly baby.
Not only a human, but a poor human at that.
Not only a poor human, but one who spent his life serving others. In that culture, the greatest shame possible was to be a slave (Greek: doulos, the same word here translated as “servant”). Jesus took this role willingly.
Not only a slave, but a dead man. Willing to die and experience the pangs of death.
Not only death, but death on a cross. The most excruciating, shameful, disgusting form of execution imaginable. It took hours and hours of torturous time to finally die, as the crowds walked past you and insulted you.
Not only crucifixion, but separation from the Father. On the cross, because Christ bore the full weight of our sin upon himself, the Father had to turn his face away. Nothing could be more tragic.
Yet that is not the end of the story! Next week we will look at the exaltation of Jesus Christ, and the glories that await the one who became so poor that we might become so rich.
This week, ponder again how much Christ went through for us. How much he lost, how much he gave, how much he suffered, how great was his humiliation.
Think about how you can follow his example, how you can be the servant of someone else, how you could die to yourself so that others may live more abundantly.
If you find it hard to humble yourself in that way, remember that the very mind that moved Christ to humble himself is already and always available to you. So have this mind among yourselves, which is yours in Christ Jesus!
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2019-04-21T06:35:45Z
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https://twinoakschristianschool.wordpress.com/2019/01/27/first-things-first-the-humiliation-of-jesus-christ/
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.872628 |
wordpress
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Final exams will begin shortly at the Arkansas School for Mathematics, Sciences & Arts. Do you know where your children are? Mine are already frantically cramming. Some are toting flash cards. Others are chanting mnemonics. A few are working on course projects. I’d like to share a method that I’ve used with my college students that might help your students this time of year.
When I teach Fundamentals of Information Technology at Ouachita Technical College, I provide my students with a link to a shared Google Document with only that phrase and a few directions at the top. They can practice word processing skills while working out their own system of organization for course content using a collaborative writing space.
Google Documents (in its current version) is a near-real-time collaborative word processor that allows up to 10 users to edit a document simultaneously. When users click save, their changes are merged with the changes of others. I have found that entries can get lost if the maximum number of users is exceeded, which is frustrating to the students. The new version of Google Documents allows real-time edits — the students see the presence of other users, and their words appear as they type them. I am not certain what the limit is for simultaneous editors in this new version.
To create and share this document is relatively straight-forward.
From the Google Docs main screen, create a new document. Enter a heading with directions to the students. Save the document.
You can create a link to post, email, or otherwise share by clicking on Share -> Get the link to share. Check both check boxes. This is the less secure method, as anyone with the link can view and edit the document.
You can share the document with a Google Group or list of email addresses by clicking Share -> Invite People. Enter the address(es) and click Invite. Students will need to set up Google Docs accounts for this method, but only those users invited will be able to view or edit the document.
Monitor, encourage, and correct. You can view the current state of the document at any time by selecting it from your documents list. You can see who contributed what by loading the Revision History under the File menu. You can encourage and correct the students by inserting comments.
This collaborative study guide has worked well for me in the past. There are always students who engage immediately with the document, and there are usually students who need considerable encouragement. That is not the fault of the technology, but a classroom management issue to be addressed by the educator.
Google has updated their document security interface. If the steps in the above post no longer work for you, watch this video. You will want to share the BYO Study Guide as “Anyone With The Link” while also allowing them to edit the document.
Part one in this week’s series of 5 technologies I use in my classroom every day is my wiki.
A critical part of my classroom is my student wiki, which can be found at http://moixland.com. A wiki is a website that is designed to be quickly and easily edited using just the browser. No knowledge of HTML is required! Don’t confuse the notion of a wiki with wikipedia, which is a community-driven encyclopedia that also happens to use wiki technology.
When my students come to class, they know what’s going on today because they’ve read the wiki. If they get stuck on a homework problem at night and need some help, they post a discussion topic on the wiki (and their peers and I DO respond quickly). If a student finds a useful link, it gets posted to the wiki.
A video tour of my wiki can be seen here.
A large list of educational wikis of various types can be found here. After looking around at various classroom wikis, you might notice that there are a few different wiki hosting providers that can provide everything needed to set up your own classroom wiki for free in minutes! I have chosen Wikispaces as my provider because of their commitment to K-12 educators. Other providers include wetpaint and pbwiki.
Your school may offer server space for your own classroom page like mine does. One key difference between your classroom webpage and a classroom wiki is that ALL stakeholders can contribute content to your classroom wiki (but you retain control over the content and which actions are allowed by your users).
If you use a wiki in your classroom, what are some ideas that you have to add?
If you don’t use a wiki, what are some barriers that you feel would keep you from setting one up or using one in your classroom?
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2019-04-21T10:23:02Z
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https://moixland.wordpress.com/tag/collaboration/
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Porn
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Computers
| 0.65133 |
wordpress
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Happy Thanksgiving everyone. While there have been a couple of low spots this year, on this day I want to look back at some of the many wonderful things that have happened and be thankful for them. I want to thank all of my FB friends for making me laugh and sharing important news stories. I want to thank U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders for having the audacity to think he could win the Presidency and to mount an full throttled campaign that has avoided the usual personal attacks. I want to thank all of my friends who have hung out with me and made life so enjoyable.
As you would expect, I am very thankful for all of you musicians who go out and play, and for WBKM.org for giving me a way to give some air time to your hard work. I really like the fact that I have a platform to showcase the wonderful music in our town. It’s so hard to do the show then walk home and do the write-up about it on Facebook and tag everyone that I can to let them know their music has been played. It’s so rewarding to wake up the next day and see the large number of likes and lovely comments. The thing that I have always most wanted to do in life is let musicians know that I appreciate what they go through and care about their music. The show gives me a rock solid way to do that, though showing up at their shows is vital too. I’ve been to great shows where I was the only one there, at least for part of it, and wonder what it must be like to put so much energy into creating songs and going through all it takes to get out, get set up and play it, especially if there is little or no appreciation. I feel it’s important to recognize the heart and soul of the musicians who do this. I feel it’s important to say that the songs they have dreamed up and let loose in our world matter. Going to shows is the best way to do that. Doing the radio show gives me another platform to express my love for what they do and for what they have created.
Happy Thanksgiving to all of you who have found your art and are letting it loose in our world. Happy Thanksgiving to those of you who have yet to find your art. I encourage you to find your passion and let it make a better world for all of us. It will be hard but incredibly rewarding. And, if you even need someone to get your back and say I Believe In You, just give me a shout. That’s what I’m here for.
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2019-04-23T08:03:49Z
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https://timstriangletribune.wordpress.com/tag/but-a-local-musician/
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Porn
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Arts
| 0.842175 |
wordpress
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Mixmag is one of the leading sources of electronic music media, and that’s because they actually cater to their fan’s interests once in a while. For July, they’ve featured Hotflush founder and deep house all-star Scuba. While that genre might be the current trend in the DJ world, that doesn’t mean you have to ignore talent when it’s thumping right before you. Dive deep into Scuba’s exclusive new mix a little early and grab it below!
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2019-04-22T06:14:07Z
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https://houseofacidreviews.wordpress.com/tag/scuba/
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Porn
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News
| 0.566835 |
google
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The invention relates to a light-emitting device having a light-emitting diode, and in particular to a light-emitting device having good heat transfer.
Recently, by combining a light-emitting diode (LED) chip for radiating blue or ultraviolet rays based on a gallium nitride semiconductor with a fluorescent material of various types, a light-emitting device which emits a light of a color or colors, including white, different from that of the emitting light of the LED chip has been developed. The light- emitting device has advantages such as small size, light weight and low dissipating power, and it is used widely for a light source for display, a light source in substitution of a small electric bulb, a light source for a liquid crystal display, and the like. When such a light-emitting device is used for a light source for display, a light source for liquid crystal panel or the like, the brightness per chip is low and insufficient. Then an LED package is provided to have an LED chip mounted and sealed on a mount base having electrically conducting portions to be connected to an external circuit, and a required number of LED packages are generally mounted on a print circuit board. For example, Japanese Patent laid open Publication 2001-134558 discloses a light-emitting device wherein a metallic bloc having a light-emitting diode chip in a recess thereof is mounted on a metallic flat plate.
In order to provide a high light intensity, an injection current for an LED chip may be increased. Because an LED chip available now has efficiency as small as 10 %, a large part of input electric energy is converted to heat, so that the amount of heat increases with increasing current. It is known that characteristics such as life and efficiency of LED chip are deteriorated when the temperature rises due to the generated heat. Because the print circuit board for mounting the LED package is generally made of a resin such as polyimide or epoxy resin having low thermal conductivity, the generated heat cannot be radiated efficiently from the LED package.
US 6,498,355 discloses a light-emitting device comprising a submount comprising a mount base (30), at least one light-emitting diode chip (28) mounted thereon, and electronically conducting lines (34, 36) formed on the mount base (30) to be electrically connected to the light-emitting diode chip (28), and a first plate (8, 10, 6) for heat transfer comprising a metallic plate (6), wherein a first plane of the mount base (30) opposed to the metallic plate (6) of the first plate is bonded thermally to said first plate.
US-A-5 172 301 is concerned with the cooling of semiconductor devices. In such cooling arrangement a first plate for heat transfer (314) has a protrusion (314b) which has a plane to bond thermally to a mount base (306), wherein the mount base (306) has a recess, so that the protrusion (314b) fits into the recess to bond thermally between them.
The document Patent Abstracts of Japan, vol. 8, No. 49 ( JP-A-58 201 383 ) describes a semiconductor light-emitting device comprising a groove on a plane opposite to the substrate to which the light-emitting device is bonded. The groove is filled with thermally highly conductive brazing material to increase the heat removal rate.
The document Patent Abstracts of Japan, vol. 16, No. 236 ( JP-A-4 048 740 ) describes a second plate (7) for heat transfer, which is bonded thermally to a second plane of a submount comprising a chip (1) and a mount base (2).
Fig. 1 shows an example of a prior art light-emitting device 99 which efficiently transfers the heat generated in LED packages (for example, Japanese Patent laid open Publication 2002-162626 ). Each of the LED packages 90 having a pair of external terminals 95 of so-called plane mount type is mounted on a film base 92 which is a print circuit board made of polyimide. Lands 93 of electrically conducting patterns are formed on a top plane of the film base 92, while the back plane thereof is bonded with an adhesive to a supporting frame 91 made of a metal. The electrodes 95 of the LED packages 90 are connected to the lands 93. Further, holes are formed vertically through the film base 92 and the frame 91 at regions below the LED packages 90, and an adhesive filler 94 having high thermal conductivity is filled into the holes to the back of the LED packages 90. A part of the heat generated by the LED chips conducts via the lands 93 to the film base 92 and further to the frame 91 to be radiated therefrom. Further, a large part of the heat generated in the LED package conducts directly through the adhesive filler to the film base 92 and further to the frame 91 to be radiated therefrom.
However, the above-mentioned heat transfer structure of a light emitting device has following problems. The adhesive filler made mainly of silicone resin and having high thermal conductivity is used to conduct the heat generated in the LED chip, but it has a smaller thermal conductivity than a material such as a metal or a ceramic. Further, at least a step for filling the filler into the holes for forming heat transfer paths is needed in a packaging process thereof, besides a step for mounting the LED packages 90 to the lands 93. Further, the filling step is troublesome.
An object of the invention is to provide a light-emitting device with an LED chip having a simple structure to improve heat transfer.
In one aspect of the invention, a light-emitting device comprises a submount and a a metallic plate for heat transfer. The submount comprises a mount base, at least one light-emitting diode chip mounted thereon and electrically conducting lines formed on the mount base to be connected electrically to the light- emitting diode chip. A first plane of the mount base opposed to the metallic plate is bonded thermally to said first plate for heat transfer. The heat transfer means heat conduction through the solid materials between the submount and the plate for heat transfer. The thermal connection includes contact between two planes or bonding thereof with solder or the like.
The first plane of the mount base of the submount is bonded thermally to a portion of the metallic plate exposed at a side opposed to the submount by removing the insulator layer and the pattern layer. The electrically conducting lines of the submount are connected electrically to the electrical connection pattern layer of the plate. The heat generated in the chip can be transferred to the metallic plate.
At least one of the mount base and the first plate has a protrusion having a plane to bond thermally to the other of the mount base and the plate. Thus, the mount base can be bonded directly to the first plate.
Preferably, one of the mount base and the plate has a protrusion while the other has a recess, so that the protrusion fits into the recess to bond thermally between them. Preferably, the light-emitting diode chip is mounted face down to the mount base with a bonding material.
Preferably, the mount base comprises throughholes covered by a layer made of a material having a higher thermal conductivity than the mount base. For example, the throughholes are filled with a material having a higher thermal conductivity than the mount base.
It is an advantage of the invention that the heat generated in the light-emitting diode chip can be transferred easily through the thermal bonding from the submount to the plate bonded thermally thereto.
The following figures are not part of the invention.
Fig. 60A is a sectional view of a light-emitting device having a lens for light control mounted on a pattern plate for heat transfer, and Fig. 60B is a sectional view of the lens light control provided separately from the pattern plate.
Light-emitting devices of several embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to the appended drawings, wherein like reference characters designate like or corresponding parts throughout the several views.
Fig. 2 shows a light-emitting device 200 of an embodiment of the invention. In the light-emitting device 200, a bottom 11 of a submount 100 for LED contacts thermally with a metallic plate 30 of a circuit board 300. The submount 100 has a mount base 10 having electrically conducting lines 12-14 and 13-17 and a light-emitting diode (LED) chip 5 mounted on the mount base 10. The LED chip 5 emits a beam in a direction perpendicular to the sheet of paper on which Fig. 2 is illustrated. The circuit board 300 has the metallic plate 30 and a metallic pattern 41 for electrical conduction formed on an electrically insulating layer 40. The LED chip 5 has a gallium nitride semiconductor. In this and following embodiments, the LED chip 5 has a gallium nitride semiconductor, but not limited thereto.
The submount 100 has the mount base 10 having a recess like a cup for mounting the LED chip 5 on the center thereof. It has a step to form a protrusion 11 formed at the bottom side thereof and extending in the down direction, and this provides a T-character-like section. Further, it has the electrically conducting lines 12-14 on the submount 100 to extend from near the bottom of the cup in the right direction in Fig. 2 towards a bottom of a lower step of the plate, and the other electrically conducting lines 13-17 to extend from near the bottom of the cup in the left direction in Fig. 2 towards the bottom. The submount 100 usually has a symmetrical form with respect to rotation around an axis of the T-character-like form, but its shape is not limited thereto. For example, it may be rectangular.
The LED chip 5 is bonded to the bottom of the cup on the mount base 10 with a die bonding material, and the two electrodes (not shown) provided on a top thereof are bonded with wires 6 to the portions 12, 15 provided for wiring in the electrically conducting lines.
Further, a part of the metallic plate 30 of the circuit board 300 is exposed at the side of the submount 100, and the submount 100 is mounted to the exposed portion by thermally contacting a bottom plane of the protrusion 11 opposite to the top plane for mounting the LED chip 5. The portion where the bottom plane of the mount base 10 contacts with the exposed area of the metallic plate 30 is hereinafter referred to as thermal contact portion 1. The electrically conduction lines 12-14, 15-17 are bonded with solder 42 to the patterns 41 of the circuit board 300. In this structure, a heat transfer path is provided from the mount base 10 to the metallic plate 30 so that the heat generated in the LED chip 5 can be led to the circuit board 300 readily. Further, the fabrication process can be simplified by using a solder reflow step for electrical connection for the electrical pattern 41 of the circuit board 300 wherein the thermal contact can be formed simultaneously between the mount base 10 and the circuit board 30 to improve the heat transfer efficiency. The heat transfer efficiency can be improved further by forming a metallic layer on the plane of the mount base 10 opposite to the metallic plate 30, and by bonding it with solder to the exposed area of the metallic plate 30. This also holds for the other embodiments to be explained later.
Fig. 3 shows a light-emitting device 201 of another embodiment of the invention. This light-emitting device 201 is similar to the light-emitting device 200 of the first embodiment except that the mount base 10 of a submount 101 has a flat top plane for mounting the LED chip 5. For example, when the submount 101 is difficult to have a recess on the top plate of the mount base 10, for example, if it is made of a ceramic material, or when it is not needed to have a recess on the top plate, this type of submount can be used for mounting the LED chip 5.
Fig. 4 shows a light-emitting device 202 of a further embodiment of the invention. In the light-emitting device 202, a submount 102, wherein an LED chip 50 is mounted face down on the mount base 10 (flip chip bonding), is mounted on a circuit board 302. The mount base 10 has a flat bottom plate without a protrusion, while the circuit board 302 has a protrusion 31 at the exposed area. The bonding between the submount 102 and the circuit board 302 and the like are similar to the above-mentioned light- emitting devices.
The LED chip 50 and the face down mounting thereof are explained below. The LED chip 50 has a transparent crystalline plate 60, an n-type semiconductor layer 61 and a p-type semiconductor layer 64 layered successively thereon, and electrodes 62, 65 formed on the semiconductor layers.
Further, an electrically insulating layer 67 and a metallic layer 68 are formed successively on the p-type semiconductor layer 64. The LED chip 50 is mounted on the cup of the mount base 10 by setting the transparent crystal plate 60 upside and the electrodes 62, 65 downside (facedown).
A dummy pattern 18 is formed, besides the electrically conducting lines 12, 15, at the bottom of the cup of the mount base 10. Bonding materials 63, 66, 69 are provided beforehand on the patterns at the bottom for bonding them with the electrodes of the LED chip 50. The n-type semiconductor layer 61 is electrically bonded with the bonding material 63 between the electrode 62 and the pattern 12 on the mount base 10. The p-type semiconductor layer 64 is electrically bonded with the bonding material 66 between the electrode 65 and the pattern 15 on the mount base 10. Further, the metallic layer 68 on the LED chip is bonded with the bonding material 69 to the dummy pattern 18 on the mount base 10.
The bonding materials 63, 66, 69 are made of a metal such as gold or an alloy for stud bumps or of solder for solder bumps. By using such bonding materials, thermal bonding between the LED chip 50 and the mount base 10 can be improved more than the wire bonding, so that the heat transfer efficiency can be improved. The number of the bonding material may be one for each of the electrodes 62 and 65, but the heat transfer efficiency can be improved further by providing a plurality of bonding materials for each electrode.
If openings of necessary areas for bonding are formed on insulating layers formed on the electrodes and on the semiconductor layers, a possibility of shortening between the bonding materials can be decreased, so that more bonding materials can be used. Alternatively, a part of the insulating layer 67 is metallized to form the metallic layer 68 insulated from the other electrodes 62 and 65, the size of the area for bonding can be increased besides the bonding for the other electrodes 62, 65, and this enhances thermal contact.
Fig. 5A is a sectional view of a submount 103 for LED of a light-emitting device 203 not being part of the invention , and Fig. 5B is a sectional view of the light- emitting device 203. The submount 103 has a structure that the mount base 10 has throughholes 20 extending from the bottom of the recess on the top for mounting the LED chip 50 to the bottom plate of the mount base 10. The size of the throughholes 20 is increased towards the bottom of the mount base 10, and metallic layers 21 are formed on the inner surfaces of the throughholes 20 with soldering or the like, similarly to the pattern 12. When the submount 103 is mounted on a circuit board 303, the metallic layers 21 on the throughholes 20 are connected with the solder 43 to the exposed metallic area of the metallic plate 30 of the circuit board 303. In this structure, because heat generated in the LED chip 50 conducts through the metallic layers 21 having thermal conductivity higher than a conventional mount base towards the circuit board 303. Then, the heat transfer efficiency can be improved further.
Fig. 6 shows a light-emitting device 204 not being part of the invention with the mount base 10 having throughholes 20. The light-emitting device 204 is different from the light-emitting device 203 shown in Figs. 5A and 5B in that a submount 104 has a protrusion 11 at the bottom thereof. The metallic plate 30 of the circuit board 300 has a flat exposed area. A similar advantage to the previous embodiment can be realized in this structure.
Fig. 7 shows a submount 105 not being part of the invention having throughholes filled with a filler 23 such as copper, silver or solder having a higher thermal conductivity than the mount base 10. Thus, the heat transfer efficiency can be improved further than the light- emitting device shown in Figs. 5A, 5B and 6.
Fig. 8 shows a light-emitting device 206 of a further embodiment of the invention. A submount 106 of the light- emitting device 206 is similar to the mount base 10 of the submount 102 shown in Fig. 4 except that V-character type recesses 19 are formed at the bottom of the mount base 10 of the submount 106. A circuit board 306 is similar to the circuit board 302 shown in Fig. 4 except that it has V-character-like projections 32 in a protrusion 31 of the metallic plate 30 of the circuit board 302 in correspondence to the recesses 19. The light-emitting device 206 is fabricated by fitting the projections 32 of the metallic plate 30 to the recesses 19 of the submount 106. In this structure, the contact area between the mount base 10 and the metallic plate 30 can be enlarged. Then thermal contact between them becomes sure, the thermal resistance between them is decreased, and the heat transfer efficiency for the LED chip 50 is improved. Further, the aligning of the submount 106 and the circuit board 306 can be performed easily in a step for mounting the submount 106 to the circuit board 306.
Figs. 9 to 12 show four types of light-emitting devices 207 to 210 according to a further embodiment of the invention having different combinations on the structure of thermal contact between the submount and the circuit board. First, in the light-emitting device 207 shown in Fig. 9, the position of the protrusion in the light-emitting device shown in Fig. 2 is changed upside down. That is, in the light-emitting device 200 shown in Fig. 2, the exposed area of the metallic plate 30 of a circuit board 308 is flat, while in the light-emitting device 207, the exposed area has a protrusion 31 which contacts with the flat bottom of the mount base 10. In this case, the distance between the LED chip 5 and the metallic plate 30 becomes shorter than the counterpart in the light-emitting device 200 shown in Fig. 2, so that the heat transfer efficiency is improved.
On the other hand, in the light-emitting devices 208, 209 and 210 shown in Figs. 10, 11 and 12, one of the bottom plane of the mount base 10 and the exposed area of the metallic plate 30 has a protrusion, while the other has a recess, and the protrusion is fitted to the recess. It is to be noted that the light-emitting devices 209 and 210 have structures with double combinations of protrusion and recess wherein a protrusion or recess has further an inner recess or protrusion. In these structures where the recess(es) are fitted to the protrusion(s), the aligning of the submount with the circuit board can be performed more precisely in the fabrication process while keeping heat transfer efficiency.
In the light-emitting device 209 shown in Fig. 11, a recess 33 is formed in a protrusion 31 of the metallic plate 30, and the recess 33 of the metallic plate 30 is fitted to the protrusion 11 of the mount base 10. In this structure, the thermal contact area at the thermal contact 1 of the circuit board 309 with the mount base 10 of the submount is larger than that in the light-emitting device 208 shown in Fig. 10, so that the heat transfer efficiency is improved further.
The light-emitting device 210 shown in Fig. 12 has a similar structure to the light-emitting device 208 shown in Fig. 10 except that a recess is formed in a protrusion 11 of the mount base 10 to be fitted to a protrusion 31 of the metallic plate 30. Therefore, similar to the light-emitting device 208, the contact area between the metallic plate 30 and the mount base 10 is larger than that of the light- emitting device 208, and the distance between the LED chip 5 and the metallic plate 30 is shorter, so that the heat transfer efficiency is improved further.
Fig. 13 shows a light-emitting device 211 not being part of the invention. In the light-emitting device 211, the protrusion 11 in the light-emitting device 200 shown in Fig. 2 is replaced with a metallic plate 25 having a higher thermal conductivity. Therefore, the thermal resistance is decreased more than in the light-emitting device 200 shown in Fig. 2 to improve the heat transfer efficiency. Alternatively, a circuit board 300 may have a thin insulator layer 40 (for example, a thickness equal to or smaller than about 100 micrometers) and a layer is formed with solder, silver paste or the like instead of the metallic plate 25.
Next, Figs. 14 and 15 show applications of the above-mentioned light-emitting devices. Fig. 14 shows an application of one 208 of the above-mentioned light-emitting devices for a backlight of a liquid crystal display, a lighting portion of a traffic sign or the like. In order to emit a light of a desired lighting color, an LED chip 5 for emitting a predetermined color is selected, and it is combined with a fluorescent member 81 including a fluorescent material having a function to convert the color. The light having the desired color is obtained by the LED chip 5 and the fluorescent member 81, and it enters into a guiding plate 82 to be guided towards a display section (not shown) and emitted to the outer space. Further, in the application shown in Fig. 15, a light is obtained by the light-emitting device 208 combined with a fluorescent member 81 as mentioned above, and it is entered to an optical component 83 having a lens part 84, and the light condensed by the lens part 84 is transmitted in a predetermined direction.
Fig. 16 shows a submount 114 for a light-emitting device not being part of the invention.
In the above-mentioned embodiments having the submount with the face down LED chip as shown in Fig. 4, the bonding materials 69 are isolated electrically from the other electrode 65. In the submount 114, bonding materials 69 are connected to a portion extended from the electrode 65 on the p-type semiconductor layer 64. In this structure, no new electrode is needed for connecting the bonding materials 69, and the fabrication process becomes simpler.
Figs. 17 and 18 show submounts 115, 116 for light-emitting device 215, 216 according to a further embodiment of the invention. These light-emitting devices have different types of the submount. The electrically conducting lines of the mount base 10 are not extended so as to have a section parallel to the metallic pattern 41 of the circuit board 300.
In the light-emitting device 215 shown in Fig. 17, the submount 115 is mounted to the circuit board 300 by bonding the electrically conducting lines 13, 16 of the mount base 10 with a solder 42 to the metallic pattern 41 of the circuit board 300. The submount 115 is bonded at two sides thereof with solder 42, while in the light-emitting device 200 shown in Fig. 2 the submount 100 is bonded with solder 42 at the bottom side thereof. Because the submount 115 does not have electrically conducting lines at the bottom thereof, the fabrication process becomes simpler. Further, because no solder layer is present between the sub mount 115 and the circuit board 300, the size of the lighting device does not change due to the solder layer.
Then the size in this direction can be set precisely, and the reliability of the thermal contact becomes higher.
In the light-emitting device 215 shown in Fig. 17, a top of the mount base 10 has planes inclined towards the circuit board 300, and the electrically conducting lines 12, 15 are extended thereon. Similarly to the submount shown in Fig. 17, no solder layer is present between the submount 115 and the circuit board 300, so that the fabrication process becomes simpler. Further, because the top of the submount is not flat and shoulders thereof become lower, the amount for the mount base can be decreased, and the size of the lighting device does not change due to the solder layer.
Next, modifications of the above-mentioned embodiments are explained. In the light-emitting devices 203 and 204 shown in Figs. 5 and 6, the thermal contact 1 between the submount and the exposed area of the metallic plate is bonded with solder, while in the others the submount contacts with the exposed area of the metallic plate at the thermal contact 1 without an intermediate member between them. In the others a metallic layer may be formed at the bottom of the mount base, and the sub mount may be bonded with solder to the exposed area of the metallic plate. Then the heat transfer efficiency may be increased further. In the fabrication process, the solder layer may be formed at the thermal contact, simultaneously in the reflow step as the electrical connection for the patterns.
When a solder layer is formed at the thermal contact 1, it is preferable that the position of the thermal contact, is lower than the height of the pattern 41 of the circuit board. For example, in the light-emitting device 200 shown in Fig. 2, when the thermal contact is soldered, it can be prevented that the patterns 14 and 17 are short-circuited with solder. In the light-emitting devices 208 and 210 shown in Figs. 10 and 12, the contact portions at the most outside are still lower than the insulator layer of the circuit board 309, 310, so that the short-circuit at the thermal contact can be prevented surely.
Next, a series of light-emitting devices not being part of the invention are explained having one or more grooves at a plane of the mount base 10 of the submount in contact with the metallic plate 30 of the circuit board. As explained above in the background art, a part of the energy is outputted as a light emitted from the p and n layers of the LED chip, but a large part thereof is converted to heat. A part of the heat generated in the LED chip is transferred to the outside in the forms of convection and thermal radiation, but a large part thereof conducts through the bonding materials or the like to the mount base, and further through the solder at the bottom thereof to the circuit board and radiated from the surface of the circuit board.
In the conduction path mentioned above, heat resistance is largest in the mount base having low thermal conductivity (0.3-10 W/mK). The heat resistance is proportional to the thickness of the mount base in the thickness direction and is inversely proportional to the thermal conductivity. Therefore, it is desirable that the thickness of the mount base below the LED chip is small. However, the decrease in the thickness of the mount base below the LED chip, or the main conduction path, makes it difficult to form the mount base. Further, this decreases the strength of the mount base, so that the mount base is liable to be broken in a fabrication step for mounting the LED chip to the mount base. Then one or more grooves are formed on the mount base as explained below, so that the mount base can be formed easily while keeping the strength thereof, while the thermal resistance of the mount base can be decreased substantially. Figs. 19A to 19D show a first example of a light-emitting device of having grooves on the mount base. In this example, a plurality of grooves (concave portions) are provided in parallel to each other on the bottom of the mount base 10. As shown in Figs. 19A and 19B, an LED chip 50 is mounted face down on the bottom of a recess formed at the top of the mount base 10 of a submount 117 with bonding members 51 (flip chip). The mount base 10 is made of, for example, alumina, and has a protrusion 11 at the bottom thereof. As shown in Fig. 19B, three grooves 7 are formed in parallel at the center of the protrusion 11. The grooves 7 are positioned to pass through an area 50a, which is a projection image of the LED chip 50 in the vertical direction, in order to radiate heat efficiently. That is, the average thickness of the mount base 10 below the LED chip 50 becomes smaller, or the heat resistance at this area is decreased.
When the submount 117 is mounted on the circuit board 300, as shown in Fig. 19C, a solder layer 7 is formed between the bottom of the mount base 10 and the top of the circuit board 300. The solder layer 30 also fills the grooves 7, so that the average heat resistance between the LED chip 50 and the metallic plate 30 is further decreased by providing the solder layer 7.
By using the structure having the above-mentioned grooves 7, even for a mount base made of a relatively brittle material such as alumina the thickness can be decreased while keeping the strength. Further, a metallic film may be formed, for example, with copper plating having higher thermal conductivity (313 W/mK). The thermal resistance can be decreased further to a large extent by filling solder (thermal conductivity, 50 W/mK) into the grooves 7. Because the thermal resistance of the mount base 10 below the LED chip 50 as the main conduction path is decreased, the temperature rise of the LED chip 50 can be decreased. Deposition or the like may be used for forming the metallic film. The metallic film may be made of copper, gold, silver or the like having a higher thermal conductivity than the mount base 10 and having good wetness for bonding. By providing a copper film or the like on the surface of the grooves 7, the transfer of heat from the mount base 10 to the metallic plate 30 is facilitated. The filler for filling the grooves 7 as an auxiliary material for heat transfer is not limited to the above-mentioned solder. For example, silver paste, silicone resin or the like may be used having higher thermal conductivity than the mount base 10. The auxiliary material for heat transfer may be a soldered metallic wire such as a soldered copper wire.
As shown in Fig. 19D, the grooves 7 may have side walls with a space between them increasing from the bottom to the opening thereof. Because the grooves 7 are broadened towards the openings thereof, the heat transfer from the mount base 10 to the metallic plate 30 of the circuit board is facilitated more than the grooves shown in Fig. 18C. Further, in this structure of the grooves 7, the filler such as solder can be filled into the grooves 7 while suppressing the generation of bubbles. Therefore, this structure is advantageous for improving the heat transfer efficiency.
Figs. 20A to 20D show a modified example of the above-mentioned light-emitting device. The submount 117 shown in Fig. 19 has the protrusion 11 similarly to the submount 100 shown in Fig. 2 below the mount base 10, while a submount 118 of this example without a protrusion may have grooves 7 at the bottom of the mount base 10. As shown in Figs. 20A and 20B, the grooves 7 can be formed in parallel on the entire bottom.
When the submount 118 is mounted on the circuit board 300, as shown in Fig. 19C, the circuit board 300 may have a thin insulator layer 40 (for example, equal to or smaller than about 100 micrometers), and the submount 118 may be mounted directly on the metallic plate 30 of the circuit board 300 by using a solder layer 43 formed by the bonding besides the bonding with solder 42 for the conduction layers.
Alternatively, when the submount 118 is mounted on the circuit board 300, the plate 300 having a protrusion as shown in Fig. 4 may be used to contact with the bottom of the mount base 10. Alternatively, as shown in Fig. 20D, a metallic member 25a having protrusion to be fitted with the grooves 7 may be interposed between the mount base 10 and the metallic plate 30.
Next, a result of conduction simulation is explained on the light-emitting device having the submount 117, 118 with the above-mentioned, grooves 7. The conduction simulation is performed on three cases where the heating condition of the LED chip and the ambient temperature are kept the same. In a first case, the grooves are not provided on the bottom of the mount base 10; in a second case the grooves 7 are provided on the mount base 10 at equal distance between them; and in a third case the grooves 7 are provided on the mount base 10 so that the total volume of the spaces in the grooves is the same as in the second case, but the grooves 7 are provided just below the bonding materials of the LED chip 5. The simulation result shows that the temperature of the LED chip 5 is decreased in the order of the first case, second case and the third case. If the temperature of the LED chip 5 in the first case is set to 100, it deceases to 83 for the second case and to 77 in the third case. Therefore, it is found that if the grooves 7 are provided just below the bonding materials 51 of the LED chip 50, the heat transfer efficiency is improved further, and the temperature rise or the LED chip 50 can be decreased.
Fig. 21 shows a light-emitting device not being part of the invention having a groove structure. In the light-emitting device the grooves 7 just below the bonding members 51 have the depth thereof deeper than the others. In this structure of the grooves 7, the thickness of the mount base 10 just below the LED chip 50 can be decreased further without decreasing the strength of the mount base 10. Then the thermal resistance from the LED chip 50 to the metallic plate 30 can be decreased further, and the temperature rise of the LED chip 50 can be lowered.
Fig. 22 shows a light-emitting device not being part of the invention having a groove structure. In the light-emitting device, the grooves 7 are arranged so that grooves 7 just below the bonding members 51 have the deepest depth, while grooves adjacent to one of the grooves having the deepest depth have depths decreasing stepwise with increase in the distance from the one of the grooves having the deepest depth. Similarly to the light- emitting device shown in Fig. 21, the thickness of the mount base 10 just below the LED chip 50 can be decreased further without deteriorating the strength of the mount base 10. Then the thermal resistance from the LED chip 50 to the metallic plate 30 can be decreased further, and the temperature rise of the LED chip 50 can be lowered.
Fig. 23 shows a light-emitting device not being part of the invention having a groove structure. In the light-emitting device, a wide recess 71 is provided in the bottom of the mount base 10 below the LED chip 50, and grooves 7 are provided inside the recess 71 below the bonding materials 51 for the LED chip 50. Because the recess 71 is wide and the depth of the grooves 7 is shallower than the counterparts in Fig. 22, solder enters into and fills the grooves 7 more easily.
Figs. 24-27 show light-emitting devices not being part of the invention having a groove structure and a plurality of LED chips 50. In the light-emitting devices, the LED chips 50 are mounted adjacent to each other at a center of the mount base 10, while grooves (or recesses) 7 are provided on the mount base 10 below the LED chips 50. In the light-emitting device shown in Fig. 24, the grooves 7 have the same size. In the light-emitting device shown in Fig. 25, the depth of the groove 7 is deepest for the central LED chip 50 among the plurality of LED chips 50 and becomes shallower at both sides thereof according to the distance from the central groove for the central LED chip 50. In the light-emitting device shown in Fig. 26, a plurality of grooves of narrow width are provided for each of the LED chips 50, and the number or the density of the grooves below an LED chip 50 becomes highest for the central LED chip 50. Further, the light-emitting device shown in Fig. 27 has grooves 7 similarly to those shown in Figs. 25 and 26, but the grooves for the central LED chip 50 have the highest density and the deepest depth. Then, the central LED chip 50 can radiate heat efficiently, so that the temperature distribution of the LED chips 50 can be made even.
Figs. 28 to 31 show light-emitting devices not being part of the invention having a groove structure similarly to those shown in Figs. 24 to 27, but having LED chips 55 mounted face up. The LED chips 55 are mounted with a bonding material 57 such as a die bonding member or a plated layer. The electrical connection to electrodes 56 of the LED chips 55 is performed with wire bonding. In the light-emitting devices, the structure of the grooves 7 has an advantage to make temperature distribution even and to radiate heat efficiently, similarly to the above- mentioned light-emitting devices.
Figs. 32A and 32B show a submount 119 of a further embodiment not being part of the invention having a groove structure. In the submount 119, as shown in Fig. 32B, grooves 7 are formed on the bottom (or rear) thereof in vertical and transverse directions. When the submount 119 is mounted on the circuit board 300, solder or the like is interposed between the bottom of the submount 119 and the circuit board, and as shown above in Fig. 20D, it is filled into the grooves 7.
In the structure of the mount base 10, the grooves 7 can be formed vertically and transversely at a higher density than the counterparts shown in Figs. 19 and 20 wherein the grooves 7 are arranged only in one direction, without decreasing the strength of the mount base 10. Further, the heat can be radiated efficiently from the LED chip 50 to the circuit board 30, and the temperature of the LED chip 50 can be decreased further. Further, because the grooves 7 are formed both vertically and transversely, air may leak easily from a side plane of the protrusion when solder 53 is filled into the grooves 7. Therefore, it becomes easier to fill solder into the grooves 7. Further, because the thermal conductivity of solder 43 is higher than the mount base 10, heat can be radiated efficiently. If the LED chip 50 is mounted above the crossings of the vertical and transverse grooves, the heat transfer can be performed more efficiently.
Fig. 33 shows a submount of a further embodiment not being part of the invention having a groove structure. Grooves 7 are provided to extend radially from the center of the protrusion 11 of the mount base 1-0. Though only one LED chip (not shown) is mounted in this example above an area 50a at the center of the protrusion 11, a plurality of LED chips may be mounted. When a plurality of LED chips are mounted, they may be mounted radially from the optical viewpoint. In such a case, when the above-mentioned radial grooves 7 are formed, the thickness of the mount base 10 just below the central LED chip among them can be decreased. Then, heat transfer from the LED chips to the metallic plate is improved, and the temperature of the LED chips can be lowered on the average.
Fig. 34 shows a submount of a further embodiment not being part of the invention having a groove structure. Grooves 7 are formed densely in some areas and coarsely in other areas at the bottom of the mount base 10. Especially, the grooves 7 are formed densely at the central area so that the thickness of the mount base 10 just below the LED chip can be decreased, and heat transfer from the LED chips to the pattern plate is improved.
Figs. 35A and 35B show a submount 120 not being part of the invention having a groove structure. Deep wells 72 are formed on the bottom of the mount base 10 in an area 50a just below the bonding members for the LED chip 50, and grooves 7 are formed vertically and transversely through the wells 72. Solder is filled into the grooves 7 and the wells 72 between the bottom of the mount base 10 and the metallic plate of the pattern plate (not shown). The numbers of the grooves 7 and the wells 72 and the positional relationship thereof are not limited to the example shown in Figs. 35A and 35B. Because deep wells 72 are formed in the above-mentioned structure below the LED chip for the main heat transfer path for the LED chip, the thickness of the mount base 10 just below the LED chip can be decreased. Then, heat transfer from the LED chip to the metallic plate is improved, and the temperature of the LED chip can be lowered.
Fig. 36 shows a submount of a further embodiment not being part of the invention having a groove structure. Grooves 7 extend radially from a center of the protrusion 11 of the mount base 10, and the other grooves 7a are formed concentrically on the protrusion 11. When a plurality of LED chips are mounted, they may be mounted radially from the optical viewpoint. In this example, the above- mentioned grooves 7, 7a are formed radially around each of the LED chips to be mounted above areas 50a. Then, the thickness of the mount base 10 just below LED chip(s) can be decreased. Then, heat transfer from the LED chip(s) to the circuit board is improved, and the temperature of the LED chip(s) can be lowered.
Fig. 37 shows a submount of a further embodiment not being part of the invention having a groove structure. Grooves 7 are formed radially around each of the LED chips to be mounted above areas 50a. Then, when a plurality of LED chips are mounted, the thickness of the mount base 10 just below LED chips can be decreased. Then, heat transfer from the LED chips to the circuit board is improved, and the temperature of the LED chips can be lowered.
Figs. 38 and 39 show submounts of further embodiments not being part of the invention having a groove structure. In the submount shown in Fig. 38, one spiral groove 7 is formed on the protrusion 11 on the bottom of the mount base 10, while in the submount shown in Fig. 39, one groove 7 is formed serpentinely on the protrusion 11 on the bottom of the mount base 10. When the submount is mounted on a metallic plate of the circuit board (not shown), a solder layer for bonding is interposed between the submount and the metallic plate.
In the groove shown in Fig. 38 or 39, a soldered metallic wire such as a soldered copper wire may be inserted therein as an auxiliary material for facilitating heat transfer. A metallic wire or a copper wire has a higher thermal conductivity than the mount base 10 and than the solder. Therefore, by inserting the wire, the heat resistance can be decreased more. Because only one groove 7 is formed on the bottom of the protrusion 11 of the mount base 10, it is easy to insert the wire in the groove 7.
Figs. 40A and 40B show a submount 121 of a further embodiment having a groove structure. Two recesses (grooves) 73 are formed in parallel at the bottom of the mount base 10 outside an area just below the LED chip 50. A solder layer 43 for bonding is interposed between the mount base 10 and the metallic plate 30 of the circuit board 300. In this structure having the recesses 73, a length along the surface of the mount base 10 from the thermal contact (the solder layer 43) to an electrical contact (solder 42) between the electrically conducting line and the pattern 41 of the circuit board 300 becomes longer, so that electrical short-circuit between them can be suppressed.
Figs. 41A and 41 B show a submount 122 of a further embodiment of not being part of the invention having a groove structure. Recesses 74 are formed similarly to, but having a larger size than the recesses 73 shown in Figs. 40A and 40B. As shown in Fig. 41A, the recesses 74 have a bottom plane and two side planes extending between the bottom plane and the opening of the recess 74, and the width of the recess becomes wider towards the opening thereof.
In the structure having the recesses 74, similarly to the submount shown in Fig. 40A and 40B, a length along the surface of the mount base 10 from the thermal contact (the solder layer 43) to the electrical contact (solder 42) between the electrically conducting line and the metallic pattern 41 of the circuit board 300 becomes longer, so that electrical short-circuit between them can be suppressed. Further, an area for heat transfer is widened, and the heat transfer is improved. Further, the mount base 10 shown in Figs. 41A and 41 B can be fabricated easily with injection molding as a three-dimensional circuit board because the difference of the thickness of the mount base 10 is not so large, and the amount of a material for injection molding can be reduced.
Fig. 42 shows a submount 123 of a further embodiment not being part of the invention having a groove structure. The mount base 10 has recesses (grooves) 74 similar to those shown in Figs. 41A and 41 B, and a metallic layer 74a is formed on a side plate in the recess. The metallic layer 74a may be formed with plating with silver or other metal such as copper or nickel. Alternatively, a white paint may be applied. Then, besides the above-mentioned advantages on the submount shown in Figs. 41A and 41B, it is advantageous that the metallic layer 74a can reflect a part or all of light emitted by the LED chip 50 and transmitting the mounting layer 10. Thus, stray light in lateral directions can be taken out to the top plane, so that the efficiency of using the emitted light can be increased.
Fig. 43 shows a submount 124 of a further embodiment not being part of the invention having a groove structure. The mount base 10 has recesses 74 similar to those shown in Figs. 41A and 41 B. Further, air vents 75 are formed on the bottom of the mount base 10 from the inside of the recesses 74 to the side plane of the mount base 10 in a lateral direction. Then, heat transfer can be improved further due to the air vents 75 in the lateral direction.
Fig. 44 shows a submount 125 of a further embodiment not being part of the invention having a groove structure. The mount base 10 has recesses 74 and air vents 75 similar to those shown in Fig. 43. Further, air vents 76 are formed from the inside of the recesses 74 to the top of the mount base 10 in the vertical direction. Then, heat transfer can be improved further due to the air vents in the vertical direction.
The above-mentioned embodiments can be modified in various ways. For example, the LED chip and the mount base in the submount are not limited to wire bonding, face down mounting and the like. In the above-mentioned embodiments, the mount base is made of alumina, but it may also be made of a ceramic other than alumina or a resin. The filler for the grooves is not limited to solder, and a material such as silver paste or silicone resin may also be used having a higher thermal conductivity than the mount base. Further, the number of the grooves and that of the LED chips are also not limited to the examples shown in the above-mentioned embodiments.
In the embodiments to be explained below, an additional path for heat transfer is added besides the thermal contact between the submount and the circuit board in order to improve the heat transfer efficiency further. Then the injection current for LED chips can be increased further.
Fig. 45 shows a light-emitting device not being part of the invention and Figs. 46A and 46B show a structure of a submount 126 used for the light- emitting device shown in Fig. 45. The light-emitting device shown in Fig. 45 has one or more submounts 126 interposed between a first plate 30a and a second plate 30b both provided for heat transfer. As shown in Figs. 46A and 46B, the submount 126 has a mount base 10 having electrically conducting lines 12, 15 and an LED chip 5 mounted on the mount base 10. The mount base 10 has a recess 435 on the top thereof, and two electrically conducting lines 12, 15 are formed in the recess 435 and on the top plane of the mount base 10. The shape of the mount base 10 is not limited to that shown in Figs. 46A and 46B. For example, it may have a flat top plane. The LED chip 5 is connected to the electrically conducting lines 12, 15 at the bottom of the recess 435 with bonding materials 434 between them, as shown in Fig. 46B, and the submounts 126 are mounted in the light-emitting device as shown in Fig. 45.
The first plate 30a is a circuit board, mentioned above, having a metallic plate 411, an insulator layer 412 and a metallic pattern 413 formed on the insulator layer 412. Two ends of the electrically conducting line 12, 15 on the top plane of the mount base 10 are used as lands 432 for electrical connection as the positive and negative terminals. The lands 432 of the submount 126 and the patterns 413 of the first plate 30a are bonded with solder 415. A portion of the plate 30a opposing to the LED chip 5 has an opening 410 in correspondence to the recess. A device for converting wavelength of incident light such as .a fluorescent material may be set in the opening.
The second plate 30b is made of a metallic plate. A land 436 isolated electrically is formed for soldering on the bottom (rear) plane of the mount base 10, and it is bonded with solder 425 to the second plate 30b. The second plate 30b has thermal conduction portions 424 having planes opposing to the first plate 30a. The thermal conduction portions 424 of the second plate 30b contact with the first plate 30a or, preferably, are bonded thereto with soldering. The thermal conduction portions 424 may be provided as separate members to be bonded with the first and second plates 30a and 30b with solder or the like, or may be parts of the first or second plate 30a, 30b. Further, the thermal conduction portions 424 may contact with or be bonded to sides of the submounts 126.
In the structure shown in Fig. 45, heat dissipated in the mount base 10 is radiated through the second plate 30b, besides through the first plate 30a as in the previous embodiments. Therefore, the temperature of the LED chip 5 can be decreased further than the light-emitting device shown in Fig. 2. If the mount base 10 is made of a ceramic material such as aluminum nitride having good thermal conductivity, the heat can be conducted more efficiently, and the temperature of the ELD chip 5 can be decreased more.
In the structure shown in Fig. 45, two plates 30a, 30b used for heat transfer are mounted above and below the submount(s) 126, but the setting of the plates 30a and 30b are not limited to this example.
If the mount base 10 is for example a molded-interconnect-device (MID) plate, there is no limitation on the extension of the electrically conducting lines. Therefore, the two plates for heat transfer can be set at appropriate positions according to the requirements on the space where the light-emitting device is used, for example, on two planes or on a rear plane and a side plane. This also applies to following embodiments explained below.
Further, the number of the plates for heat transfer is not limited to two. In the example shown in Fig. 45, third and fourth plates for heat transfer may be set further at two sides of the submounts 126. This improves heat transfer further, and the chip temperature is decreased further.
Fig. 47 shows a light-emitting device not being part of the invention and Fig. 48 shows a section of the light-emitting device observed in the right side in Fig. 47. Further, Figs. 49A, 49B and 50A, 50B show structures of a submount 127 and a first plate 30a for heat transfer of the light-emitting device shown in Fig. 47, respectively.
The light-emitting device not being part of the invention is similar to that shown in Figs. 45 and 46 except following points. As shown in Figs. 50A and 50B, a portion of the metallic plate 411 of the first plate 30a is exposed by removing a part of the insulator layer 412 or no electric conduction pattern is formed thereon, so as to make the metallic plate 411 contact with the top of the mount base 10. As shown in Figs. 49A and 49B, a groove 437 is formed on the top of the mounting plane 10, and lands 432 to be extended to the electrically conducting line 12, 15 are formed in the groove 437. The portion of the first plate 30a on which the pattern 413 is formed so as to fit to the groove 437 on the top plane of the mount base 10. The lands 432 are bonded with solder to the pattern 413 on the first plate 30a. The first plate 30a is bonded with solder 416 to a pattern 438 formed at the top of the mount base 10.
Similarly to the previous paragraph, a portion of the plate 30a opposing to the LED chip 5 has an opening 410. Further, if the second plate 30b is a metallic plate having a higher thermal conductivity than the circuit board, the heat diffused in the mount base 10 made of a ceramic material can be diffused further, and the temperature of the LED chip 5 can be lowered further.
Because the metallic plates in the plates for heat transfer are contacted or bonded with the submount 127, the heat transfer can be performed more efficiently, and the temperature of the LED chip 5 can be lowered further. Further, because the circuit boards are used for heat transfer, the degree of freedom on the electrical connection of the submount can be increased.
Fig. 51 shows a light-emitting device not being part of the invention and Figs. 52A and 52B show a submount 128 of the light-emitting device. The mount base 10 of the submount 128 has a multi-layer structure made of flat plates and has electrically conducting lines 12 and 15. However, the shape of the mount base 10 is not limited to be the flat plane, and it may be a plate having a recess or the like. As shown in Fig. 52B, the electrically conducting lines 12 and 15 extend from the top of the mount base 10 through throughholes 12a, 15a to an inner layer and further to an side plane thereof and to a part of the bottom of the mount base 10. A land 436 is formed for soldering at the bottom of the mount base 10 is formed at the bottom of the submount 128 and is bonded to the pattern 413 on the first plate 30a, but isolated electrically. An LED chip 5 is mounted with a bonding material 434 on the electrically conducting lines 21, 15 of the mount base 10.
The first plate 30a has a metallic plate 411, an insulator layer 412 and a metallic pattern 413 formed on the insulator layer 412. A portion of the metallic plate 411 of the first plate 30a is exposed by removing a part of the insulator layer 412 on which no electric conduction pattern is formed, so as to make the metallic plate contact with the top plane of the mount base 10. The first plate 30a is bonded with solder 416 to the land 436 at the bottom plane of the mount base 10. Further, the land at an end of the pattern 413 of the first plate 30a is connected with solder 415 to the land 432 at an end of the pattern 413 of the mount base 10.
The second plate 30b for heat transfer is a metallic plate made of copper, and it is bonded to the top plane of the mount base 10 in this embodiment. The metallic plate is made of copper, but is not limited thereto. An opening 420 is provided in a portion of the second plate 30a opposing the LED chip 5. It is preferable that the side of the opening 420 is tapered, but not limited to the tapered shape. In this example, silver is deposited on the surface of the tapered portion, and the silver film is polished. If the mount base 10 is made of a ceramic material, it is preferable that a plane in contact with the second plate 30b is metallized, for example with tungsten, and the metallized portion for heat transfer may be bonded directly without soldering to the second plate 30b.
In this embodiment, too, the heat diffused in the mount base 10 made of a ceramic material having high thermal conductivity is led through the metallic plate having high thermal conductivity, so that the temperature of the LED chip 5 can be lowered further. Further, because the pattern 413 can be formed at both sides of the first plate 30a opposing the submount 128, and the second plate usually fixed to an external device may not have a pattern. Then, it is advantageous that the design of electrical insulation has a high freedom.
Fig. 53 show a light-emitting device not being part of the invention and Figs. 54A and 54B show a submount 129 thereof. A circuit board 30a having a metallic plate 411, an insulator layer 412 and the pattern 413 is provided at the bottom plane of the submount 129. A recess 435 and a groove 437 are formed on the top of the submount 129, and electrically conducting line 12, 15 are formed on the bottom of the groove 437 and on the recess 435. Because the electrically conducting lines 12 and 15 formed on the submount 129 are formed in the groove 437, they do not contact with the second plate 30b. A metallic plate as the second plate 30b has an opening 420 of about the same size as the opening of the recess 435 on which the LED chip 5 is mounted. A cover 426 made of a transparent material or a material such as a fluorescent material converting the wavelength of incident light emitted by the LED chip 5 can be set in the opening 420 of the second plate 30b, or it can be used as a member for setting the fluorescent material.
Here, the heat generated in the LED chip 5 is conducted through the mount base 10 of the submount 129 to the second plate 30b and is radiated from the surface of the second plate 30b. Because the heat is also radiated from the second plate 30b, the heat transfer of the submount 129 is improved, and the temperature of the LED chip .5 is decreased. Therefore, the light-emitting device has a longer life. Further, because a larger current can be flown, the light intensity can be increased. Because the second plate is also used as a member for holding the fluorescent cover, the fabrication cost therefor can be decreased.
Figs. 55 and 56A, 56B show a further light-emitting device not being part of the invention. A mount base 10 of a submount 130 is made of a resin or a ceramic, and a plurality of thermal vias 439 made of a metal such as copper, solder or gold having a good thermal conductivity are formed in the mount base 10. The thermal vias 439 do not contact with or is insulated electrically from the electrically conducting line 12, 15 formed on the submount 130. The top planes of the thermal vias 439 are exposed at the top plane of the submount 130. A recess 435 and a groove 437 are formed on the top of the submount 130, and electrically conducting lines 12, 15 are formed on the bottom thereof. A metallic plate used as the second plate 30b is set on a top plane of the submount 130 opposing to the top of the circuit board used as the first plate 30a.
The second plate 30b has an opening 420 having about the same size as the opening of the recess 435 on which the LED chip 5 is mounted. The second plate 30b of the mount base 10 is bonded with solder to the thermal vias 439 formed in the mount base 10. A cover 426 made of a transparent material or a material such as a fluorescent material converting the wavelength of the incident light emitted by the LED chip 5 can be set in the opening 420 of the second plate 30b, or it can be used as a member for setting the fluorescent material. Because the electrically conducting lines 12 and 15 are formed in the groove 437, they do not contact with the second plate 30b. The thermal via 439 may be fabricated by forming a hole from above the top plane of the submount 130, by plating gold at the side of the hole and by filling solder therein.
Because the thermal vias are positioned near the LED chip 5 than the side plane of the submount 130, the heat generated by the LED chip 5 is likely to conduct through the thermal vias 439 than the side plane of the submount 130. Thus, the heat is conducted from the mount base 10 of the submount through the thermal vias 439 to the second plate 30b to be radiated from the surface thereof.
As explained above, not being part of the invention because the heat is also radiated from the second plate for heat transfer, the heat transfer of the submount is improved, and the temperature of the LED chip is decreased. Therefore, the light-emitting device has a longer life. Further, because a larger current can be flown, the light intensity can be increased. Because the second plate is also used as a member for holding the fluorescent cover, the fabrication cost can be decreased.
Figs. 57A and 57B show a submount 131 and Figs. 58A and 58B shows a light-emitting device with the submount 131 not being part of the invention . A metallic panel 436a is provided on the generally whole bottom plane of the submount 131. Thermal vias 439a to 439f are embedded in the mount base 10, and the bottom planes thereof contact with the top of the metallic panel 436a. The bottom plane of the metallic panel 436a is bonded with solder 425 to a metallic plate used as the second plate 30b for heat transfer. Therefore, each of the thermal vias 439a to 439f is connected thermally to the second plate 30b closely. The bottom of the thermal vias 439a to 439f may be extended to the bottom plane of the second plane 30b. The tops of the thermal vias 439a to 439d embedded around the four corners of the mount base 10 are exposed at the top plane of the submount 131 without contacting with the electrically conducting lines 12, 15 and contacts with a metallic plate 411 of the first plate 30a. The electrically conducting lines 12, 15 formed on a recess 435 of the submount 131 are extended to the top plane of the mount base 10 and are connected to pads 432.
As shown in Figs. 58A and 58B, the circuit board used as the first plate 30a has a metallic plate 411, an insulator layer 412 and a pattern layer 413, and the pattern of the pattern layer 413 faces the top of the submount 131. The pattern layer 413 is connected with solder 415 to the pads 432 connected to the electrically conducting lines 12, 15. The tops of the thermal vias 439a to 439d exposed at the top plane of the submount 131 are connected with solder to the metallic plate 411 of the first plate 30a. The metallic plate 411 is also used as a jig for setting a fluorescent cover 426.
In this embodiment, the second plate 30b for heat transfer and the submount 131 are connected to each other over a large area to facilitate head conduction through the main heat transfer path. When an LED is used for a light- emitting device or a display device, a plate at the bottom side of a submount is fixed generally to the main body of the device after an insulating processing. In the structure of this embodiment, this corresponds to the second plate 30b. Because it is insulated electrically from the LED chip 5, an insulating process is not needed, or the fabrication cost can be decreased. Further, the heat resistance between the second plate 30b and the main body of the device can be decreased, and the heat transfer can be performed efficiently.
Figs. 59A, 59B and 59C show a light-emitting device not being part of the invention. A plurality of layers of metallic foils 431a (for heat transfer) having high thermal conductivity are provided in a mount base 10a of a submount 132. It is not necessary that the metallic foils are arranged horizontally, but that they are arranged desirably with good balance for facilitating head conduction. They are not exposed to the outside of the submount 132. A metallic plate 436b has electrically conducting line 431 and an insulator layer 430b formed successively thereon, and they are arranged on the bottom plane of the submount 132. They extend to the lateral side to provide pads 432 at the top plane thereof. Electrically conducting lines 431 b are formed on a recess 435 formed at the center of the top plane of the submount 132 to connect the metallic foils 431 a and the electrically conducting line 431.
A part of the metallic plate 411 used as the first plate 30a for heat transfer, or the circuit board, is exposed, and the exposed part is bonded with solder 416 to the metallic plate 436b of the submount 132. The pads 432 are connected with wire bonding to the pattern 413 in the first plate 30b. The technique for electrical connection is not limited. In the example shown in Figs. 59A to 59C, an end of a wire 432b is bonded, while the other end thereof is connected with solder 415 to the pattern 413.
The metallic foils 431a to be connected to p and n electrodes of the LED chip 5 and the metallic layer 431b at the sides of the recess 435 of the submount 132 are independent of each other, and they are not connected between the p and n sides As shown in Fig. 59C, the patterns 431b may be formed by forming a pattern of the metallic foil 431a on a ceramic foil which has been formed to have a predetermined shape, by layering the metallic foils on the ceramic foils on the metallic plate 436b, and by curing it.
In this embodiment, the heat generated in the LED chip is conducted to the entire submount through the patterns for heat transfer, so that the heat transfer from the surface of the submount is accelerated. Because no pattern is present on the first plate for heat transfer opposing to the bottom plane of the submount, the contact area between them becomes wide, so that the heat transfer to the circuit board is enhanced, or the heat transfer through this path is increased.
In this embodiment, because the heat transfer to the first plate for heat transfer is enhanced and the heat transfer from the surface of the submount is also increased, the temperature of the LED chip can be lowered to give a longer life of the light-emitting device. Because a lager electrical current can be flown through the LED chip, the light intensity can be increased.
Fig. 60A shows a light-emitting device not being part of the invention, wherein the submount has the structure shown in Figs. 59A to 59C. A plate 30b provided on the top plane of the submount is also used as a frame for setting a fluorescent material 426 and a lens 427 for light control. Thermal vias 439 are formed through the foils 431a, but not exposed at the top of the submount. The tops of the thermal vias 439 have gold layers, and the frame 30b for fixing the lens is bonded with solder thereto. Alternatively, as shown in Fig. 60B, the top plate 30b may also be used only to set a fluorescent cover 426, while the lens 427 may be separated therefrom. The reference number 440 represents an electronics part.
Alternatively, the thermal vias 439 may be exposed at the top of the submount. In this case, the circuit board is set on the top plate, and the thermal vias as electrodes are connected to the circuit board or the first plate for heat transfer.
In the structures of this embodiment, the heat transfer to the submount becomes even through the thermal vias, and the heat transfer in the upper direction to the second plate for heat transfer is also accelerated A similar advantage is obtained by providing a metallic plate for heat transfer on the top of the submount, but the thermal vias can accelerate heat transfer more. According to this embodiment, heat transfer is accelerated more by using the patterns for heat transfer and the thermal vias. In this embodiment, the submount 133 is used, but the type thereof is not limited thereto.
The light-emitting device (200) according to claim 1, wherein one of said mount base (10) and said metallic plate (30) has said protrusion (11) while the other has a recess, so that the protrusion (11) fits into the recess to bond thermally between them.
The light-emitting device (200) according to claim 1, wherein the light-emitting diode chip (5) is mounted face down to said mount base (10) with a bonding material.
The light-emitting device (200) according to claim 1, wherein the mount base (10) comprises throughholes (20) covered by a layer made of a material having a higher thermal conductivity than the mount base (10).
The light-emitting device (200) according to claim 4, wherein said throughholes (20) are filled with a material having a higher thermal conductivity than the mount base (10).
The light-emitting device (200) according to claim 1, wherein said mount base (10) is made of a ceramic material.
CH705956B1 (en) * 2005-06-23 2013-07-15 Lvmh Swiss Mft Sa A display device of numeric or alphanumeric symbols.
Owner name: PANASONIC ELECTRIC WORKS CO., LTD.
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2019-04-18T20:56:29Z
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https://patents.google.com/patent/EP1627437B1/en
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| 0.205918 |
typepad
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Using neighborhood watch groups to build resilient communities.
Dirthugger. Local composting company. Vote for it (almost all of the other entries are non-repeatable one-offs) to win the $25k start-up challenge prize.
Big banks and money laundering for Mexican cartels.
US Consumer economic behavior online is showing a sharp contraction in Q3.
Mainstreaming home farming. Big brand sponsorship.
Secret laws, treaties, lies and extreme foolishness. So very much a sign of the times. A valid claim that ACTA, the aggressive copyright treaty being negotiated in secret, would gut the technology industry. A revelation that Toronto police lied about the regulations/laws regarding their economically destructive lock-down of the city center for the G20 conference. Stretching anti-terrorism surveillance laws to harass everyone. A massive power grab by the government "cybersecurity" crowd with the ill advised Internet kill switch proposal -- as in: we will destroy America in order to save the government and big companies.
The global economic system has almost won its war with nation-states.
We have a downtown core and then we clearly have an outer ring, the question is how do you link those two?" Douglass Diggs, interim executive director Detroit Land Bank (in charge of Detroit's downsizing).
Here's a very short post on new twist on a conventional approach (not my usual fare) to revitalize Detroit. It's also a way to prototype methods of building resilient communities without going too far outside of mainstream thinking.
Current efforts to revitalize Detroit appear to be a mix of ad hoc green approaches (urban gardens, etc.) and traditional commercial development. That's not going to turn the city's wealth creation engine back on. What's needed is a rethink of how a city produces wealth and becomes economically vibrant.
A good place to start is with the urbanist Jane Jacobs. Her analysis showed that the wealth engine of a city is a bootstrap called import replacement. Essentially, a city become economically vibrant by finding ways to locally produce the things it is currently importing. Within a global environment where physical distance is becoming increasingly expensive (fuel and overhead) and virtual distance is becoming increasingly free (bandwidth and scale factor), the imports to replace will increasingly be food, energy, and manufactured products. Produce these locally. The most valuable exports will be virtual. Simply, make this easier to do. This is exactly what a resilient community does.
So, the best way to restart Detroit's wealth engine is to foster the development of resilient, economically vibrant, communities -- that produce most of the food, energy, and products that they consume and export virtual products/services -- in the blighted area that surrounds the shrinking urban core. This turns the city core into the hub for the services that require a large population base to support (from entertainment to medicine).
the food, energy, and micro-manufacturing entrepreneurs/workers that will build the innovative economic ecosystem required for local production.
Both are types that want to live within a resilient community.
UPDATE: Have gotten a great response. Probably able to fill the slot from the great people that responded already.
Ruby on Rails and open source software wiz.
The economist Paul Romer has been making the rounds talking about and/or selling a concept called "Charter Cities." The idea is based on an analysis of what generated the success of Hong Kong and the Hanseatic league (see this article in the Atlantic for more that), namely, a minimalist "western" ruleset that's honestly enforced. His belief is that you can take any uninhabited bit of land, give it a new set of minimalist rules, and it will automagically generate the equivalent of Hong Kong (which served as the model for future success in China).
If we boil this down, his contention is that all that is needed for future success (anywhere) is a good rule set. This rule set will attract people (opt-in), generate economic success, and eventually replicate itself within the territory of the country that hosts it. In contrast, the corrupted and path dependent rules sets currently in place in many parts of the developing world impede progress or success.
I'm working on an analysis of this vs. Resilient Communities that I will post later.
Bruce Sterling on why the global financial oligarchy = global guerrillas: large financial centers in certain cities around the planet are certainly going to kill millions of us by destroying our social safety networks in the name of their imaginary financial efficiency. You’re a thousand times more likely to die because of what some urban banker did in 2008 than from what some Afghan-based terrorist did in 2001. Financiers live in small, panicky urban cloisters, severely detached from the rest of mankind. They are living today in rich-guy ghetto cults. They are truly dangerous to our well-being, and they are getting worse and more extremist, not better and more reasonable. You’re not gonna realize this havoc till you see your elderly Mom coughing in an emergency ward, but she’s going there for a reason.
Vaclav Smil. His worry: A genuine flu pandemic... is a 100 per cent certainty. What we can’t predict is how bad it will be.
Jeff Rubin on expensive energy: Plan B can only be less oil consumption. Whether Americans realize it or not, they are already on that path. The disaster in the Gulf is just putting that reality into sharper focus. Last year there were four million fewer vehicles on the road in the United States than there were the year before. In the next decade, there will be 40 to 50 million fewer cars than today. In the process, an economy that once consumed over 20 million barrels of oil per day will find a way to run on 15 million barrels or even less. He's an optimist (he's not factoring in the collapse of the US middle class).
Kevin Kelly on energy trickles vs. torrents. "When a plane full of tourists flies from LA to Cairo so they can visit the Great Pyramid, that one flight uses as much energy as it took to build the Great Pyramid."
Transition network 2010 conference. Efforts at a soft launch of Resilient Communities still gaining steam.
Runaway general. Zen has more.
My intentionally bombastic boingboing interview. Here's an hilarious critique by some vacuous academic globalists.
Colombia. Super cartel smashed by US. Breaking up monopolies to make both market and open source innovation possible.
Paul Hartzog on bow-tie control systems.
Seth Godin on the death of the office. As in: virtualize everything else.
"We (California) are on the verge of system failure." John Ross, the California budget project to Canada's Globe and Mail.
Here's an early picture of a world dominated by a global financial oligarchy. One point on a trend line.
Fiscal insolvency leads to an endless reduction in services.
The more you cut, the worse it gets. The worse it gets, the more you cut. Don't cut fast enough and the financial oligarchy whacks you with higher rates and onerous dictates. In the end, there isn't much left.
With the loss of legitimacy and stability this entails, the US could become an exceptional breeding ground for some of the world's most aggressive global guerrillas.
UN: Global organized crime is a new superpower. "We have to start addressing the markets, which are gigantic in size," Costa said, adding that criminals who supply those markets have transformed themselves into a well armed, transnational "superpower." "The threat is not just economic," Costa said. "It is strategic, as criminals today can influence elections, politicians and the military. In one word, they can gain power."
Homeland security to amp up Internet monitoring of US citizens. The erosion of the nation-state's power to protect/advance the well being of its citizens will be counter-balanced by a growth in efforts ensure compliance.
Corporations as street gangs. Zero Hedge.
$198 portable laser weapon. The diodes in Casio's new mercury-free Green Slim projectors apparently allow for unprecedentedly powerful portable lasers, and Wicked Lasers (the manufacturer) has gleefully harvested them for the 1 Watt Spyder III. It looks like a light saber.
Looking for patterns in a local Afghan revolt against the Taliban (in an attempt to replicate what happened in Iraq). However, it looks like an ad hoc event rather than an opening for an open source counter-insurgency.
Matt Armstrong (Mountain Runner) is hosting a one day training course on using new media to enhance national security.
Here's a bit of fun thinking about combining protest, games, and open source movements into a potent coercive tool for non-violent protest (in a post-Gandhi world). It's just some ideas that may or may not be of interest.
Traditional non-violent protest is dead as a means of reversing bad organizational behavior. It's easily ignored/overlooked in a media saturated environment and the methods of controlling and marginalizing it have become widely practiced/tolerated (from "free speech zones" to non-lethal weapons to crowdsourced identification of protesters). Further, shame doesn't work anymore as a means of dissuasion. Given these impediments, the revival of protest means rethinking how it is used as a coercive tool. It means going beyond attrition (boycotts, physical damage, etc.) and moral suasion (signage, marches, etc.) and into the realm of systemic disruption. Here's one approach.
In most large traditional organizations, whether they be corporations or bureaucracies, decision making is dominated by a small number of very powerful people protected by a phalanx of senior specialists. They are not democracies. Yet, in modern western societies, this elite group and their specialists are able to dissociate themselves from jobs when it comes to their private lives. They live unencumbered within our impersonal society. This window of vulnerability creates a yawning opportunity for innovative forms of disruptive non-violent protest. One that pierces the organizational and societal veil of anonymity for these individuals by turning them into systempunkts (vulnerable nodes within the targeted organization's network that would cause the most damage if disrupted). Essentially, if you can successfully deter/coerce individual decision makers in this decision making group, you will win (and quickly).
Stalking and harassment. In the street, at a restaurant, or at school.
Identity theft. From financial to professional. Publication of private information.
Denial of communication. Flood phones, e-mail accounts, voice-mail, etc.
Experience points for accumulating information. Pics snapped with a cell phone camera. Points for financial account information. Etc. Experience points translate into basic improvements in status which improves the weight of a contributor's vote (on the next target, the quests to open, etc.).
Quests. Equivalent to counting coup on a tribal enemy. Draining the target's bank account. Gaining control of a voicemail system. Tagging the target with paint. Disabling the target's car. Quest achievement translates into special recognition (emblems, new tools, positions of leadership, etc.).
Think in terms of this game running as a darknet (not visible to anyone but invited players and only those that have deeply enmeshed themselves in the game).
Global guerrilla oil disruption is heating up again (remember 2007's $147 a barrel?). In Yemen, tribal guerrillas are blowing up pipelines. In Mexico, zetas are kidnapping Pemex workers. In Nigeria the amnesty program for MEND is proving a farce.
Great article in the New Yorker on Mexico's La Familia. Haven't seen a link to the full story yet. Theocracy + minimal services + criminality.
The US security establishment is trying to cut a deal with Wikileaks. At risk: 260,000 secret State Department memos. Wikileaks is running an open source insurgency against nation-state and corporate security systems. It's winning.
The Oath Keepers finds it's nearly impossible to build an organization. The problem is that it is an open source insurgency, which resists organizational discipline. Don't even try.
Chinese labor unrest higher than normal. Raises of 20% were provided to resolve some early strikes -- potentially a plausible promise for national labor unrest.
This enterprising Chinese farmer built a cannon tower to defend against encroachment by corrupt local "authorities."
Debtors prison returns to the US.
The NYTimes slowly starts to report on the cover-up of the Gulf oil leak. This is proving to be a good early demonstration of what corporate governance will look like.
Rogue super-empowerment: SocGen's Kerviel. He's the mid level trader that lost $7 billion. He's using the market derived morality (of those that have switched their primary loyalties to the global economic system) in his defense strategy: if you win, you are in the right; if you lose you are wrong and you're out.
Vermont conference on slow money going on right now.
Resilient technologies can be applied across the spectrum, from the black holes of consumption in developed economies to the most isolated village in the global hinterland, to radically improve security and enable vibrant prosperity.
Energy independence. Methane energy production replaces dozens of hours spent daily gathering firewood. The conversions saves 2,500 kg of wood per year (reduces deforestation) and has important social benefits in that it frees women and children to focus on education and household income generation.
Food security. The bioreactor yields a high quality fertilizer slurry that radically improves crop yields (enough to produce income, especially if combined with a greenhouse).
Economic development. A village equipped with numerous bioreactors can become a hub of economic activity.
Michael goes on to point out that Gobar Gas can be applied to counter-insurgency and stabilization programs (he uses Afghanistan as an example). He's right. As I've pointed out many times before, resilient technologies are central to security and prosperity in the 21st Century, not just in subsistence areas abroad but in the developed world as well.
I'd be more than happy to work with Michael and other smart folks on identifying, building, funding, and deploying the resilient technology arsenal necessary to achieve this. It wouldn't cost much to get going, but I can promise you that it will deliver much, much more bang for the buck, in terms of tangible security and economic progress, than ANY: weapon in the US military's arsenal, CIA/NSA intelligence program, or IMF financial stabilization package.
"The end of the world is not in my timeline, but circling the wagons is." Andres Duany (FC).
Here's a video presentation (quite long but very worthwhile) by the influential architect Andres Duany on what he calls agricultural urbanism.
This presentation is a good indicator that resilient communities can now attract significant investment, from where people will purchase a home to where they will invest their savings (as opposed to investing in the derivative vaporware of the financial markets). This is an fortuitous development, since it indicates a way that the current broken system can be bled of the wealth necessary to build its future competitor (in the very same way merchants bled a clueless feudal nobility at the end of the middle ages).
The incorporation of food production into the fabric of a community's design (via a flexible zoning system and private contractual arrangements).
The centrality of food processing (value enhancement) and retailing.
The need for community level coordination of food production.
Of course, most of what's needed for resilient communities is missing from this presentation. Specifically, the platforms that allow resilient communities to thrive despite global turbulence and a security system that can protect that disproportionate prosperity. Regardless, it's useful as a start.
The financial markets are now casinos, a place where only inveterate gamblers feel at home. Rampant uncertainty and distrust have turned investments in stocks, bonds, and real-estate into the equivalent of lottery tickets.
Existing economic security is evaporating. Our governments are approaching default, and with them the viability of the social safety nets they provide. Real estate is in ongoing free fall. Incomes are in decline, caught in the buzz-saw of global outsourcing. Pensions and benefits are vanishing through fraud, organizational bankruptcy or forced shifts to contract work.
Worse, the social decay, corruption, crime, and widespread violence experienced by other countries in economic circumstances similar to our own, looms on the horizon. We will all soon live in corrupt hollow states.
Consortiums, businesses, and co-opts that retrofit existing communities with resilient systems. Typically, this is focused on existing residents. As in, make it possible for people to shift their retirement funds or buy into something that they can immediately benefit from. The Mondragon model should work well here.
Resilient community technologies. Businesses that focus on enabling local production of everything from energy to food to products. Think in terms of collaborative finance from places like kickstarter.
New developments that build resilient communities from the ground up, designed with last mover advantage to survive future dislocation. Sell this as a hedge against the future, a speculative play in future economic failure, or a way to personally escape potential chaos.
These investments may become the only investments worth having as the developed world declines. Package them correctly, and people will invest.
Drone delivered supplies. <50 lbs. >500 NM range.
Single person extraction/insertion. <250 lbs. Room for one person, in prone position. <500 NM.
Modular packages. Portable generators + fuel cells. Analytical kits (NBC).
Almost all of these work for disaster response and open source warfare too.
Growing a resilient local economy that produces abundance seems like an impossible task. The reason it seems so impossible is that there is little practical conceptual architecture available on how to do it. Most of what is floated on the topic is weak philosophical and ideological ramblings of little use to pragmatic people like us.
So, how do we apply this to resilient local economies? Unlike the above examples, there isn't a single platform that will do the job. There are many interlinked platforms. A platform for energy, food, micro-manufacturing, communications, and more. Further, each platform has its own social/economic/network dynamics that drive its growth. The trick is in designing effective platforms and the local dynamics that make this possible. So, think of a smart, open, electricity microgrid and heat storage not as a trite observation, but as a powerful platform design that can support the growth of an energy ecosystem that delivers local energy independence.
Houston Chronicle. Possible Zeta plot to blow up a huge Rio Grande Dam on the Texas border. Tactics of failure? Small investment, big response.
Smart grid privacy concerns: It knows how often you use your microwave, how many loads of laundry you do every week, what kind of television you own and even how often you shower. It can tell how many people live in your home, what time they go to bed and when the house is empty... Law enforcement agencies want to use smart meters to spot potential marijuana-growing operations or the location of an underground sweatshop. Do you want to control this locally or let the global economic system dictate the answer?
Zenpundit has some Boydian analysis (connection/disconnection) of Gaza's peace flotilla. Wired's Danger Room analyzes the asymmetrical ROIs (returns on investment) of the incident, a classic global guerrilla concept.
RC tech + Gaza could have some interesting results. For example, the open source CEB (compressed earth brick) press could provide a way to route around the blockade of building materials currently in place. Powerful combo: build hyper locally + disrupt externally.
Disrupting the power grid as a survival technique.
More open source hardware (The $99 NanoNote -- The palm-sized notebook is designed to be a hackable hardware platform for Linux developers, akin to what the Arduino board is for electronics projects). Nice use case.
My friend Nils Gilman on deviant globalization. Nice GG presentation.
Working with carbon fiber ($0.99 ebook). "..because the same process also applies to fiberglass and Kevlar composites, these skills give you multiple ways of boosting your future projects to a new level!"
Almost all of the current discussion on energy is focused on patching our wheezing, tired global system as it stumbles from disaster to disaster. Almost none of it is focused on energy independence at the community level, the place where nearly all of the real innovation and economic vigor will occur in the coming century. Here's a bit of an antidote to that, with more to come later.
Energy independence at the local level is in large part achieved by eliminating reliance on any single energy source, whether that is oil, gas, natural gas, biofuels, wood, solar, or wind. In other words, resilient communities need to be able to input all available energy sources and convert them into a standardized format. Further, that format must be usable in a plethora of different ways.
Left side of the bow-tie: All energy inputs.
The bow: a standardized energy format.
Clearly, the standardized format that best fits the need described by the bow-tie is electricity. Nearly all energy sources can be converted into it, it is network portable (particularly in combination with a smart microgrid), and there is a plethora of diverse systems that can consume it.
So, if electricity is the metabolic building block of a resilient community's energy platform, what is its energy storage medium? The simple answer is: HEAT. More on that later.
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2019-04-18T12:50:59Z
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https://globalguerrillas.typepad.com/globalguerrillas/2010/06/index.html
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An examination of the strategy being used in one of Canada’s major cities to repress political dissent. Brutal police tactics and military weapons being used against senior citizens, young people and the press in an efofrt to criminalize even the most Basic exercise of civic and political rights. This model is ready for export to the rest of Canada for use against anyone trying to peacefully impact government or corporate agendas through the use of violence and economic pressure. This is coming to your town soon.
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2019-04-19T13:15:38Z
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https://warriorpublications.wordpress.com/tag/p6-bylaw/
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So while I was on a walk this afternoon (it was sunny and warmish - very pleasant for a walk), I saw a lady in her car waiting at a stop sign who decides, while waiting, to phone someone on her cell phone. And I got to thinking about how I prefer not to be "jacked in" to society all the time like so many people who use their phones 24/7. And that got me to thinking other tech that I haven't embraced.
The big one that I pondered while continuing my walk, was the Skype/videophone bug that's hit a large number of folks (including my dear chums, elsaf and judiang). Yeah, I thought it was pretty cool that I could defend my thesis via Skype, but using it to chat with my friends isn't as much fun to me as AIM or the equivalent. The novelty of getting to see them (and their cute pets) lasts about 2 minutes into the call, and then I'm ready to return to text.
Skype has been a lifeline for us these last few years. It was a way for our kids to connect with Daddy when he was far away. That said, I don't know if I could get use to it for simple chit chat. I never really got into the chat rooms but I can see your point about them.
I was never a phone visitor even before text chatting. I love chatting but the all the regular venues I've had over the years have pretty much dried up.
I have Skype but it's mostly so I can talk with my grandmother and brother over in Poland without dealing with horrendous line fees. Same with my parents a couple of hundred miles away, because I don't talk with them often. For anything else, I prefer text as well. Hell, even my husband and I communicate with text rather than phone, when possible.
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2019-04-20T10:40:38Z
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https://trinalin.livejournal.com/270326.html
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Among the mountains of articles I read over the previous ten months on Donald Trump, this one stands out as particularly important for understanding how Trump will approach relations with China and Taiwan. Vox, a left-leaning website, read through all 12 of Trump’s books to see what they could learn about his core philosophies. It is a long article, and some of the books are more informative (or relevant to Taiwan) than others. Fortunately, the introduction gets right to the point. If you don’t want to wade through the whole piece, I strongly recommend reading the introduction carefully.
It isn’t reassuring. Trump is not philosophically predisposed to worry about whether the rest of the world is democratic, stable, or prosperous. International relations are a zero-sum game, and Trump’s goal is to make sure the USA “wins” every relationship by benefiting more than the other side. He also gets tremendous satisfaction out of making deals, the bigger the better. From our perspective here in Taiwan, it hardly needs to be said that a deal with China would be the biggest of all.
Perhaps this is a completely inaccurate portrayal of Trump and his values. I certainly hope so. However, it is consistent with the Trump I have observed over the past ten months. Until he demonstrates otherwise, we should probably take him at his word and believe that he really means the things he says.
The American election has plunged Taiwan into an uncertain environment fraught with danger.
You are currently browsing the Frozen Garlic blog archives for November, 2016.
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2019-04-24T06:41:19Z
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https://frozengarlic.wordpress.com/2016/11/
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2017 was a bad year for the working-class. Really, it was just the latest in a very long series of bad years. The combination of the political shock therapy in the rise of Trump along with a stable of viciously reactionary politicians and a sharp escalation in the multi-generational attacks on workers’ living and working conditions all contributed to making 2017 an extremely disorienting year for the working-class in the US.
“In 2017, there were 7 major work stoppages involving 1,000 or more workers and lasting at least one shift, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Since the series began in 1947 this is the second lowest number of major work stoppages recorded in a year, the lowest annual total was 5 in 2009.
It’s no exaggeration to say that the disorientation and dislocation of the 2016 election and all that came with it– from the threat of large scale-generalized international war to an overnight resurgence of fascist violence and attempts to take over the streets — was as disorienting and dislocating for the working-class as the acute economic crisis of 2007-08.
Workers were slow to react to the crisis of 2007-08. The reaction to 2016 has been infinitely faster, more concentrated and explicitly on the terrain of class struggle. As of March 2018, the statewide strikes at West Virginia public schools and Frontier Communications (the latter still ongoing) have “idled” between 30,000-35,000 workers: more than the entire total for 2017.
As of this writing, approximately 4,000 workers at Jersey City, New Jersey schools are now on strike.
Public employees in Oklahoma are committed to strike in the next 2 weeks, giving the state government a deadline of April 1 to meet their demands. There are more than 250,000 public employees in OK, of whom 40,000 are union members (with an additional 14,000 non-members working under a collective bargaining agreement). It is hard to estimate how many will take strike action.
Kentucky public employees are mobilized to defeat a pension-stripping bill, creating the potential to join a nascent strike wave.
Arizona teachers are beginning to mobilize in response to the strike in West Virginia, with a significant likelihood of striking. West Virginia, Oklahoma, Kentucky and Arizona form the bottom of rankings by state of teacher and public employee compensation.
Non-tenured faculty in Maryland have issued a strike notice for April 4th if their demands are not met.
From Washington to Indiana to Pennsylvania, teachers and other public employees have been quietly pressing and winning their demands through the changing balance of forces sparked by the West Virginia public school strike. Not just strike deadlines or threats to strike, but basic mobilization and organizing has been enough in many cases to compel the employers to give in– because it is no idle threat. Any mobilization and any form of organizing has the potential to become a strike in the present moment.
1,800 electrical workers, members of International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Local 3, remain on strike against Charter Communications/Spectrum.
Another protracted strike remains ongoing in Idaho, where 250 members of United Steelworkers Local 5114 are still walking the picket lines at Hecla Mining Company a year after walking-out.
The strike at Frontier Communications, encompassing all of West Virginia and one city in Virginia, is becoming especially bitter. Scabs are being paid between $90 and $125 an hour by a company that says it can’t afford to pay living wages locally, and now Frontier has requested (and been granted) an injunction . Frontier claimed the strikers have made, “threats of violence against Frontier’s employees and contractors and actual violence against Frontier’s employees and contractors,” while the only violence during the strike occurred when a scab pulled a gun on the strikers!
On the front of lock-outs, West Virginia is again at the center, with 71 members of the Glass, Molders, Pottery, Plastics and Allied Workers (USW-GMP Local 152M) locked-out by Tecnocap as of March 5th. The plant is located outside Wheeling in Glen Dale, WV.
There is a real chance for an organic and conscious growing-over of these struggles in this specific window of time. Even in 2017, a year of dislocation and disorientation for the working-class on par only with the extreme dislocation and disorientation of the working-class in 2009, there were the signs of this potential for growing-over.
February 2017 saw the Day Without Immigrants strike, boycott and demonstrations, in which working-class immigrants identified the source of their oppression (and the source of their power) as flowing directly, immediately, from their labor. It formed one front in the general resistance to the Trump administration and all that it entailed (and still entails).
The protracted organizing campaign by retail store custodians in the Twin Cities resulted in a massive victory, totaling over $4.5 million in material gains for a fraction of the most degraded and oppressed workers in America. This victory was made possible through the solidarity forged between citizen and immigrant workers in the class struggle.
On February 17, 2016, Service Employees International Union Local 26’s 4,000 members in Minneapolis struck all city employers to facilitate their demands for wage parity between full and part time workers, raises for everyone and stronger work rules. The next day on February 18, 2016, the immigrant workers organizing through Centro de Trabajadores en Lucha / Center of Workers United in Struggle (CTUL) launched their 7th one-day strike in Minneapolis and St Paul, Minnesota in as many years. The results of this citizen/non-citizen alliance among building service workers in the Twin Cities resulted in victory, finally, in 2017.
On August 23, 2017, members of International Longshore and Warehouse Union (ILWU) Local 10 in San Francisco voted to stop work and march to confront a fascist gathering planned for August 26.
When workers in the San Francisco building trades learned that a member of International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (IBEW) Local 6 was a fascist who had participated in the Charlottesville, VA demonstration that ended in the murder of Heather Heyer and dozens more wounded, he was chased off the job by union tradesmen and IBEW Local 6 members pressured the local union to expel him and revoke his right to the hiring hall.
Over the summer of 2017, at the same time that the workers of Missouri were collecting enough signatures to put the recently passed “right-to-work” law up for a statewide referendum, the NAACP issued a travel advisory to all black people to avoid the state, or at least exercise extreme caution when traveling to, through or within the state, due to the extreme racial disparity in police action and recent chiseling of the state’s legal protections from discrimination.
At the same time that the black community and allied individuals, organizations and communities were organizing against the liquidation of discrimination protections and ferocious police violence, the labor movement was fighting against a law that was originally designed to facilitate Jim Crow and further degrade black labor. For what might be the first time, the AFL-CIO in 2017 explicitly connected “right-to-work” laws to their original purpose.
Thousands of workers were mobilized in Missouri, for the same purpose, even if the participants didn’t know it. Working-class unity necessarily confronts the degradation of black labor and the oppression of black people; the fight against “right-to-work” is essentially a fight for working-class unity and a fight against a law that was designed and implemented to degrade black labor and deepen the oppression of black people.
The potential for growing-over of struggles into other struggles, and/or their transformation into something beyond where they started or their stated purpose, was displayed throughout 2017 even though the general response of the class to the events of 2016 at the point of production was muted.
Whenever working-class unity becomes a central element of a given episode in the class struggle; whenever workers begin their fight on a given terrain (economic, political, social, production, reproduction) and it develops onto other terrains; whenever a given episode of the class struggle provides an inspiration and a model that is acted upon by other workers; whenever two or more struggles take place at the same time or in the same region — there is the potential for growing-over.
The revolutionary movement for the abolition of wage labor, oppression and exploitation and for a classless, stateless human community built upon equality and dignity requires that the working-class actively breaks down the barriers constructed by capitalist society that separate us into a plethora of subdivisions. These subdivisions can be broad (citizen, race, age, gender) or extremely narrow (trade, locality, shift, regular/temporary, full-time/part-time, etc.). It also requires the working-class to actively break down the barrier between production and reproduction.
These barriers must be broken down on the basis of reciprocal solidarity: the recognition of the particular interests of segments of the class and the process of locating potential links within the class struggle. The synthesis of these particular interests into actions which reflect the interest of the whole class is fundamental to success in both local struggles and on the international terrain.
In 2017, the potentials for this growing-over were evident. In 2018, the potentials for growing-over are becoming urgent to the immediate needs of existing struggles. The public school strike in West Virginia is an example of this potential and this urgency.
Prior to launching the statewide public school strike in February 2018, education workers brainstormed, organized and implemented their own program to collect and distribute food to their students. West Virginia ranks among the poorest states in the country while being a top recipient of social service and welfare programs. As such, the workers recognized the need to feed students during the strike, since so many children are dependent on the free or subsidized breakfasts and lunches they receive at school for their daily needs.
Here was an explicit broadening of the terms of the struggle. It was not about just the workers and their particular demands. They took over one of the social functions of their workplaces as a facet of their struggle. Efforts to collect and distribute food across the state was more or less decentralized and lasted for the duration of the strike.
From its first day, the statewide strike was not just a teachers’ strike. School service personnel, including bus drivers, food service workers, custodians and paraprofessionals were an integral part of the work stoppage. This solidarity was made possible because of the broad offensive launched against workers in the US generally and in West Virginia in particular. The needs and interests of the school service workers were the same as those of the teachers; and the needs of the workers in public education were the very same issues affecting all West Virginia pubic employees. This is an issue of primary importance in the ongoing Jersey City, New Jersey teachers’ strike right now. Substitute teachers are being used as scabs while it appears that school service workers continue to work.
While it is doubtful that West Virginia could have continued operations at its public schools even if school service workers (and school bus drivers in particular) did not strike, the possibility that at least some schools in some school districts could have remained open would have dramatically altered the course of events and the dynamics of the strike.
Even though no other public workers outside of the K-12 public schools went on strike, the fact remains that the demands of the public school workers were the exact same demands found throughout the West Virginia public sector, regardless of region and trade. It was an example of combined self-interest, in which the teachers and school service workers, in pursuing their own wage and health care demands, were acting in the interests of all West Virginia public workers. This was especially evident in the rejection of the first strike settlement deal which would have given teachers and school service workers a 5% wage increase and 3% for all other state employees. The public school workers demanded that all public workers receive the same raise– and this was won in the final settlement, in which all public workers received the same 5% wage increase.
The public school workers of West Virginia received an overwhelming outpouring of solidarity from across the country and the world, particularly from other teachers and education sector workers. This took the form of donations, support on the picket line by out-of-state workers and above all in the actions taken in other states that were informed by and inherently supportive of the West Virginia strike. But they won the battle for the working-class within the state. The parents of West Virginia public school students were solidly behind them.
From its earliest incarnation in the one-day walkouts in certain counties prior to the statewide strike, the public school workers were not confined to one particular terrain. Their struggle was economic because it centered around wages–both money wages and deferred compensation (health care)– but became a political struggle because public employee wages, hours, working conditions and deferred compensation are determined by the state legislature. It was carried on within and through the trade unions, but involved a tremendous level of initiative and organization independent of the trade union structures because West Virginia public employees have very few trade union rights and no mechanism for traditional collective bargaining. It was a strike at the point of production, at the workplace, but moved beyond production and onto the terrain of social reproduction when the need to feed students who lost their access to school cafeterias for the duration of the strike presented itself. In a less direct way, social reproduction was also raised through the demands related to the Public Employees Insurance Agency (PEIA): that is, the need for quality health care. In addition, the question of how to fund the wage increases and PEIA fix was also a central feature of the strike. The workers demanded that the severance tax on natural gas be raised, thus re-appropriating the profits of the energy industry to the material well-being of the working-class.
Even though the strike is over, the struggle that it embodied is not. Reactionaries in the state legislature are trying to fund the 5% raise by making funding cuts to social services such as Medicaid and the free community college program. The so-called PEIA “task force” formed by the Governor is designed to absorb the boiling anger of public workers in the state by giving labor several seats on the “task force” while structurally stacking the deck against them so that these labor representatives have no chance of affecting the direction of PEIA.
The widely-circulated images of public school workers wearing their picket signs while they distribute food to children in the ad hoc collection and distribution points they organized is what the working-class movement for socialism looks like. Speaking and acting in the interests of all workers, becoming the vehicle for meeting peoples’ material needs and struggling against the forces of capital, capitalist society and capitalism is the real movement of the working-class toward socialism.
The tasks connected with transforming these potentials for growing-over in labor’s class struggles into something qualitatively greater is the role of the socialist movement.
These tasks may be extremely modest, such as preparing leaflets to distribute at picket lines and workplaces which make those connections, or publicizing these struggles and their relationship to each other, or actively and enthusiastically participating in those actions which develop organically from the struggle while trying to popularize and expand them (such as the food collection and distribution operation of the WV strike).
These tasks may require significant organization, such as the logistics needed to have comrades attend PEIA public meetings across West Virginia and intervene to keep the demand of the workers to fund PEIA through a severance tax on natural gas alive and reverberating across the state.
These tasks may require national and international organization, to transmit the experience of the struggle across the country and the world, to be capable of analyzing events and changing tactical efforts in real time to escalate the class struggle– to be able to raise enough financial support to sustain workers like those on strike at Frontier or locked-out at Tecnocap so they may last one day longer than the company, to have the networks and resources to be the mediation between the inspiration created by the West Virginia public school strike and the extension of this strike and its lessons to other parts of the country and in other sectors so that the Jersey City teachers and Frontier Communications workers are not condemned to strike alone.
These tasks require us to be and act where all potentials for growing-over exist, wherever and whenever they occur!
Note 1: From the original time of writing, New Jersey teachers accepted a settlement and have returned to work.
Note 2: Frontier strikers are now deploying mobile pickets (“Scab Patrols”) across West Virginia.
Note 3: A tentative agreement has been reached between CWA and Frontier to end the strike in WV and VA. Workers are scheduled to return to work Wednesday, March 28, 2018, and after that formally vote on the new collective bargaining agreement.
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2019-04-20T19:22:03Z
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https://anticapital0.wordpress.com/makings-of-a-strike-wave/
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Porn
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News
| 0.143 |
livejournal
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Just saw the movie Darkness. Don't waste your time. Don't even wait for it to come out on network tv. Maybe watch it if you had nothing better to watch and you were bed ridden.
Predictable - I new certain people/things were involved near the beginning of the movie.
I was quite disappointed. You may want to wait for it to hit the second run theaters.
how ya reckon white noise might turn out?
I'm hoping that one will be better. Been disapointed by most movies I have seen recently.
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2019-04-24T05:51:25Z
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https://darkman424.livejournal.com/101392.html
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.490725 |
wordpress
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If you are lucky not using a spotter, that’s great! If you are not lucky, then thumbs down!
You should always have a spotter for parking –even if you are backing up just a few centimeters, unless you want a few broken bikes or the whole back taken out of your camper! We did not use a spotter and learned that tree stumps will not move out of our way! Our bicycles suffered the brunt of the misfortune. Not every bike got crushed (alleluia!!!), but my bike brake (right side) got crushed and poked a new hole in the back of our camper. Oh well, just a little more character, I guess. Anyway, we had mostly bent wheels on the bicycles, but one bike became trash. Tree stump vs. bike. Tree stump won!
So we are staying in Memphis, New York. Ha! Ha! So, we can say that it took only five hours to get from Memphis to Poultney!
This is a beautiful little place called Sunset Park. No sewer hookups, though. This place sits on Cross Lake. The lake is visible throughout the camping area. Spacious lots and very quiet. This morning we watched black hawks, lazily circling around; I presume looking for breakfast and last night the kids encountered their first lighting bug. Nice! I would camp here again.
Later today we will visit my parents. I can’t wait!
This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged #BackingupanRV #RVaccidents on July 6, 2016 by thebouncyblog.
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2019-04-19T21:04:40Z
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https://thebouncyblog.wordpress.com/2016/07/06/sunset-and-beyond-or-the-great-bike-tragedy/
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Porn
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Recreation
| 0.874167 |
wordpress
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Stand therefore. Wherefore? Seeing as we are at war with " principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this world, against spiritual wickedness in high places", seeing we have put on the whole armour – Christ and we are soldiers of the King. Stand is a position of resolution. We have taken this position and we will not give way. We will not retreat, we will not surrender what we have taken hold of.
But how do we stand? James tells us to, resist the devil and he will flee from you. What type of attack does the devil bring against us? A spiritual onslaught meant to at first diminish your faith and eventually to destroy and annihilate it. How do we fight him? The weapons of our warfare are not carnal, not man made, but forged in the fire of a pure and holy Gospel and tempered in the blood of our Lord. They are spiritual to the pulling down of strongholds. Where are the strongholds? In the mind.
A stronghold is a place where the demons of darkness have made a place for themselves in your mind and thinking. They send their filthy lies over the walls into your heart and mind to weaken your defenses and make a way in for establishing a greater portion of your mind and heart. Stand therefore.
This is the imperative – stand. Don’t give way, don’t falter, don’t hesitate, stay watchful and alert that you might not be moved or distracted. How do we do this? With our armour. Paul begins to list those weapons we have in order to protect and defend and even advance against our enemies.
First in the wardrobe is the belt of truth. Truth is ultimate weapon against the lie. A lie is totally disarmed and made powerless when confronted by truth. Notice that the placement of this Truth is a belt around the waist.
Our most vulnerable part of our body is our loins and groin area. Here is where we are soft and weak. The loin area is the home of the glands and secretions of fluids that give physical substance to our emotions. Here is where our feelings make a sensual presence to us. When our mind takes hold of a thought that appears to bring with it reason for fear our glands go into action and start stirring the loins making us feel upset in our stomachs. We get these "gut feelings" that warn us.
I believe that these gut feelings are programmed into us from early years by none other than our Adversary. He has been successful at bringing these feelings at just the right time so that we have now begun to trust them instead of the Word of God. We give them place in our will, helping form our choices. Remember God says, be anxious for nothing, but in everything make your requests known. God wants us to trust Him and His power and love for us, not our feelings.
We need Truth to protect us in this area. This belt is also a critical piece of our wardrobe in that it brings so much more of our outfit together and holds it all in place. You will see as we continue to put on our armour just how important our mind and heart are. Guard them with truth. Put on your belt.
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2019-04-25T22:51:54Z
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https://tomvanhoogen.wordpress.com/2009/08/06/
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Porn
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Health
| 0.14067 |
wordpress
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Pistacia Vera ( 541 S 3rd St, Columbus, OH 43215) in the quaint German Village neighborhood of Columbus is an immaculate example of a neighborhood French bakery. There are cases and shelves full of any number of dazzling French pastries and cakes, and hoards of Columbusites of all walks of life noshing on coffee and perfect croissants and quiches. We knew we were going to be spending some time here – especially when we got a tip that the macarons on offer were second-to-none. The other thing that surprised us was the reasonable price – macarons were only $1.75 apiece. Macarons come in a variety of rotating, seasonal flavors including: the location-appropriate Buckeye, pistachio, brown butter and almond, rose, fig, chocolate orange, and passion fruit (among others). The range of flavors was impressive and we liked the nod to the classic chocolate/peanut butter combo of the chocolate Buckeye (which is ubiquitous as a flavor combo in these parts, and also the mascot of Ohio State). The macarons were delicate and crisp on the outside, and the fillings were fresh and flavorful. We were really impressed! Assuming you can take your eyes off the macarons, you can also enjoy classic French delights like croissants, pain au chocolate, palmiers, madeleines and canelés, alongside cinnamon rolls and chocolate buttermilk cake. If you are looking to turn your visit into more of a complete brunch, they also have simple breakfasts like yogurt and granola along with a full range of espresso and tea drinks. We really enjoyed both the iced chai and mocha (now that it is becoming iced coffee weather again, this is particularly relevant information). In terms of more composed desserts, Pisticia Vera had something for any special occasion, or just for a treat (you could get a whole cake or just a slice). Of particular note were the chocolate mousse and caramel feuilletine with peanut butter wafers ($6 mini / $39 large) and the chocolate bombe (seen below)- a striking confection made with chocolate buttermilk cake layered with marsala mousse and covered in chocolate ganache. For fruit lovers there are also amazing-looking tarts like the pear/cranberry frangipane, rhubarb or lemon ($5 slice / $30 tart). We had been searching for the perfect macarons, and these are the best we’ve had in Ohio, by far. However, the macarons just scratch the surface of the decadent treats that Pistacia Vera has to offer. We look forward to trying their more substantial brunch menu. And, importantly, the coffee is good, too! If you have a sweet tooth and are in Columbus you absolutely must visit – a special trip may even be in order.
You made a trip to Columbus! Yay! Pistacia Vera is a new one (to me at least). Will try when we venture east this summer.
Yes we finally got to Columbus! The food scene is booming and we were also impressed by the many African food options. If you are in the mood for sweet Pistacia Vera is a must-try!
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2019-04-26T15:47:02Z
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https://eatingtheworld.wordpress.com/2016/04/19/pistacia-vera-macarons/
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Porn
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Shopping
| 0.914657 |
wordpress
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New Year, New Projects! Do you have a busy semester ahead of you, and you’re not sure where to start? Join us for our new ResearchxDesign workshop series on Fridays this semester from 11am to noon at the Fisher Fine Arts Library.
We’ll share a variety of resources and best practices to revitalize your research toolkit and get you feeling inspired and motivated to tackle your next significant project. The series kicks off this week on Friday 1/25 with Zotero for Citations and Images.
Revamp your research toolkit with several of our favorite apps that will streamline, refresh, and kickstart your workflow for the new year. Attendees will have the opportunity to demo these apps on the Fisher Fine Arts Library’s new lendable iPads.
Are you researching a topic that involves art and architecture info? Learn about library databases such as Art & Architecture Source, Artstor, and the Avery Index and how they can help you locate articles and images that are hard to find elsewhere. Please bring a laptop and your search ideas!
Demystify primary source research with the help of Penn archivists and librarians. Learn how to request and handle archives materials, and how to incorporate them into your project.
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2019-04-22T21:59:58Z
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https://penntrl.wordpress.com/2019/01/22/researchxdesign-fisher-fine-arts-library/
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Porn
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Arts
| 0.913283 |
indiana
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Archives Photograph Collection - "Lyndon R. Street"
This photograph accompanied a letter sent to IU President William Lowe Bryan and dated June 12, 1925 in which Street states his credentials and is seeking a position with I.U. In the letter, Street mentions he is currently the Music Director at Shortridge High School in Indianapolis, and is a graduate of Miami University and the Conservatory of Music in Cincinnati, Ohio. He says he was the Band Director of the U.S. Marine Band at Norfolk, Virginia. He also mentions that he played with the band of John Philip Sousa at the Great Lakes Naval Training Station.
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2019-04-25T13:57:19Z
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http://webapp1.dlib.indiana.edu/archivesphotos/results/item.do?itemId=P0029854
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Porn
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Arts
| 0.817795 |
wordpress
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Here at the Wisconsin Educational Media and Technology Association’s Spring Conference. Blogging while my dear library media specialist (and their kin) slumber away. Ready for them to give me all kinds of hassle about it in a few hours.
She quickly left the building, thankfully early in my career.
My adventure into the world of library media science in shifted the tide.
I was pulled in a little closer when I read on the flyer about developing rural educators in Wisconsin to be 21st century leaders in their schools and communities.
I loved my little rural middle school. It was challenging interesting work on a daily basis with students and families who taught me so much about living and growing up in a country setting.
I was already and advocate for the transformative use of technology in learning. I was provided with some very important training when I working in the Chicago Public Schools with the amazing teacher-admin-professor, Heather Smith Yutzy, with whom I had studied middle school teaching methods at DePaul University. Heather had approached me and my colleague Michael to attend a series of sessions about using the Internet to impact instruction. I think it ended up being about building webquests. It was 1999.
I had been introduced to methods to use technology not as a replacement tool for learning, but as an invitation to learn more and interact differently with the world. I was hooked.
Heather and others who supported my decisions to integrate technology into my middle school classrooms helped pave the way for my decision to apply for the scholarship.
We were an awkward group four years ago, brought together by a team of professors of library media science who had studied the gaps and needs in our state and worked tirelessly to apply for grant funding to slow the loss of transformative library spaces in Wisconsin. Dr. Eileen Schroeder and Dr. Anne Zarinnia, together with their consortium colleague leaders, were welcoming us to the field in the basement lab classroom one sunny weekend on the campus of the University of Wisconsin-Whitewater.
They were sharing a map of Wisconsin with marks for each UWSSLEC WISE scholar around the state. We had already done some awkward getting-to-know-you interview activities. They began handing out technology, including an iPad for each of us that they had purchased with extra grant money. “Use it. Bring it into your classrooms. See what you can do with it.” We were having our Oprah moment in that dingy little lab, pinching ourselves that we had really been chosen for this scholarship out of hundreds of applicants.
And then they introduced us to Buffy.
Before we knew it, we were in conversation with one of the leading minds in what would soon become our passion and true calling in education: finding the power to create an “unquiet” and user-focused library media space in our schools. Of embracing multiple literacies. Of bringing democracy into the library space and turning the tide against old, warn models of librarianship.
Ms. Hamilton was phenomenal at engaging us by painting a picture of her work in Georgia to develop the library as a place of dialog over what was meaningful and important to its users. I remember her showing us photos of kids gaming in the morning with Pokemon or Yu-Gi-Oh cards, podcasting about their favorite books, blogging and Tweeting. Her fierce love of traditional literacy and books was an important piece of the puzzle but, she cautioned us, just one piece of what we need to value in our library spaces.
I remember asking Ms. Hamilton if this kind of transformative, student-centered space could coexist within the growing confines of the standardization movement; if testing was keeping up with the transformative style of twenty-first century librarianship that she was developing. What restrictions would these tests impose on her kind of work?
Because I should say at this point that I was hooked on this direction for my career in education.
A lifelong lover of libraries, but the very opposite of quiet, I felt I was meant to help carve out a space for my students like the one at Creekview High School in Georgia. I could not wait to get started.
Buffy was considerate of the question as she is with just about any question hurled her way, and the woman is a force of nature at fielding questions from anyone on the planet about the things she cares about: literacies, voices, transformative directions in learning.
She said that it was a good one to consider given the high-stakes piece of the puzzle. She did say that testing was perhaps trying to go in a different direction, and that she had hopes that assessments one day would truly reflect what her learners knew and could do outside of content recall.
My new WISE buddies and I started packing up after our first day. Lots of sighs of hope and promise and many ‘thank you’s’ for the tech were exchanged with the professors.
But we were beginning a journey together that holds fast to this day.
Our teacher hearts were changing and have changed, but I come to a conference in the middle of our state to reconnect in person with the people I have been online with every single day since Buffy sparked our learning four years ago. These are some of the most fantastic library media-minded folks in our state. Look for their work. Visit their libraries. Find them on Twitter. Even those among the group (ahem!) who are not at the helm of transformative library media centers in Wisconsin are interested in this work and carrying the torch for the kinds of learning that Buffy shared with us.
So this has been a good week.
We had a fully functioning kitchen lab working to produce a healthy version of the iconic Shamrock Shake.
We had a team of students designing a gaming arcade that will ultimately fundraise for an organization set up by Rob Johnson, the father of our student, Aaron Johnson, who lost a valiant battle with leukemia this winter.
The Sphero obstacle course plans continue to move forward, especially after a visit from our friend Nick Torgerson, who also helped lead lessons on precision and accuracy, and design thinking with Sphero. He also hosted an impromptu guidance session about college and savings, and the pride he has for MIT, and he shared just a bit about his robotics work on that amazing cheetah.
Parents and families had a chance to meet the Sphero interactive toy, and parent-teacher conferences were all the more interesting because of it!
In addition, I attended a fantastic SAMR/Google Apps training seminar led by the imcomparable Naomi Harm.
Throw in a professional development/Personal Learning Community conversation conducted entirely via text messages, lunch with two fantastic colleagues, and a chance to spend some social time with a fabulous bunch of educators, and things really rounded out nicely.
One of the coolest small-mighty moments of the week for a Twitter fanatic like myself was my conversation with our mathematics volunteer, Jacob Rice. As we worked with students on Friday, our conversation turned to the power of connected environments for learning as an educator. I explained that Twitter was fundamental to my practice.
Jacob gave me that skeptical smile that most people offer when I begin to Twitter evangelize. They usually follow up with, “I’m not really into that whole Twitter thing,” or something similar to this. And I can honestly say that I was not “into” the “whole social media thing” a few short years ago.
He went on to explain how it is used by his peers, and I acknowledged that it can be a space fraught with all kinds of awful extremes and examples of human behavior that we try to avoid in our real world environments.
I shared how my Twitter Personal Learning Network (PLN) has been a lifeline for me in this work. How it has rescued me from feeling that the fundamentals of my practice, conversation and connection–often with some of the most forward-thinking and wonderful minds in our world–can be lost in the day to day rhythms of schoolosis.
I told him to get into the conversation about mathematics education because he has a voice in it and there are so many great ones in the space there to engage with. Now.
Good things come in threes (or whatever) so I should also say that I shared the Twitter Sermon with Nick Torgerson and with a friend of Jacob’s, Charles Labuzzetta, to whom I was introduced to when I ran into his fantastic mother Carol at the bookstore Saturday evening. Carol was one of the first parents I met in my new district, and I have been so grateful for her welcome. Charles is working on something very interesting with DNA and computer programming at Iowa State University. We hope to connect him with my students to learn more.
All three young educators are now listening and conversing in the Twittersphere. My students will have the opportunity to learn even more from these leaders in from our community. I can’t wait to read their words.
You should definitely come join us there.
Coming soon: A heart-swelling phone conversation with a college-bound former student who ventured with me six long years ago in our middle school classroom into Google Apps for Educators.
See you at #WEMTA14 and in the Twittersphere, friends. I’ll be back on the road to my learning labs bright and early Wednesday morning. And I’ll see parents at Evergreen on Thursday night. Better catch some sleep while I can.
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2019-04-19T18:35:21Z
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https://diagnosisschoolosis.wordpress.com/tag/wise/
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Porn
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Computers
| 0.11349 |
wordpress
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Ever wonder how a VN-gone-anime-gone-film could expand your understanding of the biblical narrative? Read more to find out!
This article does NOT spoil Air’s story.
If you are familiar with Air, it is probably because of Kyoto Animation’s popular anime adaptation of 2005. If you’re really a nerd like me, perhaps you even know of the Air film adaptation of the same year by Toei Animation (and its gorgeous bonus soundtrack by the Czech Philharmonic Orchestra). However, I would contend that few have actually read the source that made both of these adaptations possible.
For episode 8, we are excited to have Aspirety, the founder of Kazamatsuri.org, as our guest. Not only do Sean and JP dive into some interesting discussion (mostly Sean!), we are also joined by Tangles veteran, Kaze! As part of our Key-themed Easter this year, we have decided to take a look at probably the most controversial issue in Key’s medium of choice: Adult content in visual novels. While controversial, we think you’ll learn a lot about the medium and have some fun along the way!
Apologies for issues in audio quality! We are experimenting with new recording hardware and still working out the bugs.
Feel free to stream the episode below, subscribe on iTunes, or check out our RSS feed!
If there is one thing of spiritual value that Death Parade has raised this season, it is the idea of eternal judgment. Considering that from its fundamental concept, the series explores the idea of determining a person’s final destination (or process), if not ultimate value, based on the human condition, it raises many questions for the spiritually minded. However, much like the “Emergent Church” movement, does Death Parade raise more questions than provide answers? That answer is difficult to determine.
Let’s walk through how Death Parade defines its version of judgment.
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2019-04-21T14:17:44Z
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https://japesland.wordpress.com/2015/03/
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Porn
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Games
| 0.5615 |
wordpress
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DO NOT install random software from friends, links you get in email, ‘free’ screen savers, and the like. Less is better. Your systems will be faster and more secure, and you don’t need them. Even if they work, they are a waste of your time and system resources.
1) Web browsers: Firefox, Safari, and Chrome. Great web browsers, all free, and worth the minor work to keep them up to date. They all have their strengths; I use Firefox most often, but both Safari and Chrome for some other tasks. (Comments are more than welcome!) Sorry, I’ve been burned too many times by Internet Explorer to want to use it, and the other browsers support a wider range of machines, since Microsoft has dropped upgrade support for older Windows versions, and doesn’t support other operating systems. Your mileage may vary.
2) EVault data protection software. Yes, there are free alternatives, but for your business servers where you really, really have to be able to recover, these folks are really good. I’m no longer with the company, but I did run the engineering team for a year and a half, and I still happily recommend the products and services. The free/’freemium‘ alternatives are good as far as they go, but system restoration is tricky, and EVault gets it right. EVault software is owned, and the service operated, by i365, a Seagate company, so you know they’ll be around. Highly recommended.
I’d love to have comments on other ‘elements of security,’ so please feel free to chime in.
Why your customer service is the most important thing for your business…or for YOU personally.
This article (a summary of Ken Blanchard’s Raving Fans, with what appears to be material from a subsequent interview), may be the most important thing you read today.
Ken Blanchard: Save your firm from a customer service crisis.
Are your firm’s customers, or YOUR customers, raving fans?
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2019-04-24T16:54:47Z
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https://dakworks.wordpress.com/category/tips/
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Porn
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Business
| 0.73586 |
wordpress
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Chinese Baptist Church at 1823 Lamar Street in Houston in the new sanctuary completed in June 1962. The church was dedicated in 1962. The choir, members, Pastor Lok-Tin Cheung, Pastor Travis Key and music director T.K. Eng were here for an afternoon service and church anniversary. CBC Lamar had morning and 4 p.m. worship services on Sundays. Church members heard Pastor Travis Key’s English sermons translated into Cantonese by Dr. Joyce Fan, who came to the church in 1948. Dr. Fan, a chemistry professor at Houston Baptist University, was the church’s building director for 25 years. “She had the vision to expand the Lamar church,” said Viola Chan, CBC member and editor of CBC’s fundraising cookbooks. Dr. Fan also helped the church move to its current location on Brogden Road in Hunters Creek Village.
The Lamar Street church site no longer exists and is where George R. Brown Convention Center is located today.
Judy Chong is one of the choir members in the 1962 photo and has fond memories of the church on Lamar Street.
“It was like a homecoming where we could go and be ourselves,” Chong said.
Today Chong is retired and a certified public accountant who worked in the public sector and M.D. Anderson Hospital. Since CBC’s Lamar Street days, Chong and her family still attend Chinese Baptist Church on Brogden Road and remain faithful, active members.
Since it began as a mission in the basement of First Baptist Church, Chinese Baptist Church has been around for 80 years in Houston. During changes in pastors, leadership, building expansions and locations, the church’s mission remains constant–to worship together, to celebrate their faith in Jesus Christ and to bring others to know God and His salvation plan for everyone.
Senior Pastor Dan Ho leads the church today. Ho, who was born in Hong Kong, immigrated with his family to the United States in 1965. He became a believer in Christ in 1970. Ho was studying engineering before God called him into full-time ministry in December 1976. Ho and his wife, Barbara met at Nyack College where he majored in religion. They married in 1979. The couple started an English-speaking church for mostly second generation Chinese in Manhattan in New York City’s Upper West Side. A few years later, Pastor Dan and Barbara Ho started a church in Queens, New York in the Lower East Side. The church in Queens ministered to more than 30 different nationalities and 5 different congregations. Pastor Ho led that church for more than 25 years before moving to Chinese Baptist Church in Houston.
While at CBC, Pastor Ho has helped the church expand its ministry to go beyond the Chinese community and reach out to multi-racial and non-Chinese. The church with 646 members offers English, Cantonese, and Mandarin-speaking services on Sundays.
“It’s the same thing. The mission hasn’t changed. It’s an outreach vision. It’s the Great Commission…. to reach people for Jesus Christ, to disciple them and grow them up in the Lord,” Pastor Ho said during a busy Tuesday morning at the church.
Below a church history complied from “Investing in God’s Kingdom” under the leadership of former CBC Senior Pastor James Wong, a CBC booklet under the leadership of former CBC Senior Pastor Dr. Victor C. Wong and interviews with Viola Chan.
In 1938, Chinese families met for Sunday School in the basement of First Baptist Church at 1020 Lamar Street in Houston. With the help of missionaries, the group held its first Sunday School on May 5, 1940.
In 1950 First Baptist Church provided money to build a small church at 1823 Lamar Street. The church opened to the public on April 30, 1950. CBC became an independent Southern Baptist Church in 1953. Reverend Travis Key and Dr. Hong Sit led 150 members.
In 1958, H. C. Au Yeung became the interim pastor.
“He was very effective with the Chinese-speaking congregation,” said Viola Chan, part-time secretary during Reverend Au- Yeung’s ministry.
Reverend Lok-Tin Cheung served as CBC pastor from 1959 until he retired in 1989. During his ministry, the church grew to over 1,000 people. The church bought a parsonage on July 21, 1960. A new sanctuary was finished in June 1962 at the Lamar location.
On April 27, 1975, Chinese Baptist Church’s new sanctuary and education building opened at 900 Brogden Road in Hunters Creek Village. A Family Life Center was added in 1981 with more classrooms, a gym and large kitchen.
In 1986, a fault line on the Brogden Road church property shifted and caused structural damage and increased stress to the Sanctuary building. The fault line shift was due to the Mexico City earthquake. With more people attending, worship services moved to the gymnasium until a new worship center was built on the property.
On July 1, 1989 Reverend Dr. Victor C. Wong became the senior church pastor. He stayed until August 21, 1994.
English Associate Pastor George Lim was part of Reverend Wong’s staff.
Reverend James Wong started as Chinese Associate Pastor in 1987. Reverend Wong served as Senior Pastor from 1995 to 2005.
Reverend Coleman Chong came September 1981 as English Associate Pastor under Reverend Dr. Victor Wong.
Since March 2012, Pastor Dan Ho has led the congregation. Ho is the current Senior Pastor.
Construction on a new sanctuary started October 2013. It was dedicated on July 6, 2014.
This entry was posted in Asian Community, Asian Community Houston, Asian Community News, Asian Pacific American Heritage Month, Church News, Harris County News, Houston News and tagged Asian Pacific Heritage Month 2018 Houston, Chinese Baptist Church Houston, Judy Chong Chinese Baptist Church, Pastor Dan Ho Chinese Baptist Church. Bookmark the permalink.
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2019-04-21T21:20:56Z
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https://clim2.wordpress.com/2018/05/15/chinese-baptist-church-in-houston/
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Porn
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Society
| 0.225494 |
wordpress
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We’ll try and add more to fill in any gaps here. Please contact us by email regarding corrections or updates. Suppliers change all the time, so please don’t take these lists as definitive.
See also the usewoodfuel website, which has a useful list of equipment suppliers.
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2019-04-24T12:20:47Z
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https://woodfuelscotland.wordpress.com/stove-suppliers-and-installers/
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.582016 |
wordpress
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It is the desire of many people to grow their hair fast as well as healthy. There are various steps which an individual with the wish if having long hair within the shortest time possible. Like any other process you may have to wait and preserve to see a difference.
First, use conditioner every time you shampoo. Conditioner makes your hair strands get thinner at the bottom because of coloring and heat styling. Another thing about a conditioner is that it helps to replace the proteins and lipids inside the hair shaft, to add on that, prevents more damage from occurring, this makes your hair grow longer and healthier. With time you will notice the differences.
Rinse your hair every time you finish taking a bath. It really helps your hair grow fast as well as keep long hair healthy for a long time. Cold rinsing also lays down your outer layers hair more smoothly which helps prevent moisture loss, snags, and damage. Do this and you may notice the changes . You can try mask treatment and application of oils weekly. Make use of moisture based masks and oils weekly. One thing with oils is that they leave a residue on your hair , so make sure you shampoo like normal and carry out conditioning. The oils may fill up the strands with fatty acids, so what you do next is to rinse out using normal shampoo which will help to seal the oils inside the hair. Make sure to click for more details!
As if that is not enough, consider the ng hair boosting supplements. The effects of a balanced diet on hair growth are not really that much because it does not really provide the necessary hair building nutrients that are required. Use hair growth supplements in the right quantities to boost hair growth. Brush your hair like it is spun from gold and very carefully. One thing about brushing is that, it really sends the oils down your hair, makes sure you are gentle on the strands. Read more claims about hair growth, go to this website at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hair_care.
We also have to switch up your pony placement. When you switch up your pony placement it means that your hair will continue to grow strong and without any damage. From the above tips, I hope you can successfully apply the tricks to achieve fast hair growth. Be sure to learn more here!
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2019-04-23T06:52:55Z
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https://tophealthandbeautyblog.wordpress.com/2018/11/16/tips-on-how-to-grow-your-hair-fast/
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Porn
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Health
| 0.93118 |
wordpress
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There are a lot of words I have about a lot of things, but they sort of well up inside me and spill out in emails to my best friend or drunkenly onto my pillow while Shaun & I snuggle doze another rewatch of Star Trek: The Next Generation. I have a lot photos to accompany these words. I guess it’s okay if you’re lifing it up and forget to write about it, but it sure is fun, in the breaks between photoshoots and dental appointments, to look at your pretty, wordpressed scrapbook and feel the warm fuzzies of a good reminiscence. Let’s do this again.
watching the light through the blinds while i do my dishes in my little cream and white kitchen.
Posted on August 15, 2008 October 3, 2008 Categories LifeTags black & white, housewife, photos, summer break3 Comments on Pieces of summer.
We went to Defcon 7 in Tulsa.
Posted on August 15, 2008 August 15, 2008 Categories LifeTags black & white, photos, summer breakLeave a comment on Pieces of summer.
I spent the 4th of July with my family.
Posted on August 14, 2008 August 15, 2008 Categories LifeTags fourth of july, happiness, photos, summer breakLeave a comment on Pieces of summer.
Posted on August 13, 2008 August 15, 2008 Categories LifeTags lizards, photos, summer break, tulsa zooLeave a comment on Pieces of summer.
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2019-04-25T23:45:57Z
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https://writingtheridiculous.wordpress.com/tag/summer-break/
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Porn
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Home
| 0.551632 |
typepad
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Yesterday was Yom HaShoah, Holocaust Remembrance Day. Although all year long we try to teach people about the horrors of the Holocaust, there is one day which is specifically dedicated to remembering. We mourn and honor the memory of those who perished and we pay tribute to those heroic souls who fought for freedom and survived. While Yom HaShoah rituals vary from community to community, the theme is consistent. My new friend at Baroness Tapuzina shared her thoughts and observance in her latest post. I chose to pay my respects by lighting a memorial candle in memory of those family members who I never had the opportunity to meet. I lit another memorial candle in memory of my parents who were among the fortunate ones to escape from Vienna, Austria in 1938 (one day before the Nazis invaded) and endure an arduous journey through Germany, Belgium and France, before arriving in the United States on August 1, 1939.
Yesterday was a somber day for me. Although my husband tried his best to cheer me up and my best friend came over to hang out and eat Chinese take out, I couldn’t quite seem to get out of my funk. I suppose it was meant to be that way. But it’s a new day and I want to honor my parents’ memory by enjoying one of the many gifts I received from them-Austrian/Hungarian cuisine.
My mother’s Chicken Paprikash was one of her “go-to” meals although she would never have termed it that way. Not something an elegant, sophisticated Viennese woman would day. But I can see her standing at the kitchen counter at 186 Hemlock Road in Manhasset, New York, strongly urging me to help her prepare our evening’s meal. I rarely joined her in the kitchen because I was always having too much fun playing kick ball with my friends in the neighborhood (yes, I was a tomboy). Somehow though, her culinary skills must have been transferred to me by osmosis or something along those lines, because according to my husband, I have turned from tomboy to cook extraordinaire.
Chicken Paprikash is an easy dish to prepare and my mom’s recipe, handed down to her from her mother (my Nani Klara), and was even easier because she omitted the sour cream which is always present in the classical Hungarian dish. She served it with knockerln (a form of spaetzle). I would give you the recipe for knockerln but after searching high and low for my grandmother’s recipe, I am at a loss. So I buy Maggi Spaetzle instead. I just ordered a spaetzle maker though and can’t wait to try to make it from scratch. Here is the recipe for Mom’s Chicken Paprikash, incorporating my revisions over the years.
Wash and dry chicken pieces. Combine flour, paprika and salt and dredge chicken pieces with mixture. In a heavy pot, brown chicken pieces in butter and seet aside.
Slice onions and saute them in butter until slightly browned. Add to chicken.
Add ½ cup water and cook on low for about 40 minutes.
Add more salt, paprika and/or water to taste.
“Good luck”- a direct quote from my mother’s recipe!
•Sour cream is often added to the sauce at the end of the cooking procedure; makes it much richer and much more fattening!
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2019-04-25T20:48:34Z
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https://aroundthetable.typepad.com/aroundthetable/chicken/
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Porn
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Health
| 0.291784 |
wordpress
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Takoda and I doing a little ringside warm up before a run. Even though we are both a little blurry, I really like this photo, maybe because we are blurry!
After running Takoda in Intro at three trials and seeing his confidence and focus increase at each trial, I thought he was probably ready to move up to Novice. I knew he had the skills but I was not certain he would be ready to demonstrate those skills in a new trial setting and at his first indoor trial. I was so nervous before the first couple of runs, I felt a little light headed. Crazy but it reminded me of how I felt when Lil and Jake started trialing many years ago. Fear of the unknown I guess.
After a couple of really nice fluid runs, I exhaled 🙂 and shifted gears from wondering what he’d do.. to viewing each run as an opportunity to “see what he knows.” Turns out, he knows a lot. I didn’t find a single hole in his foundation training all weekend long. Beautiful start line stays, awesome contacts, and 100% connection on every run. I am sure holes will show up in the future but running 18 classes over the course of 3 days really drove home how a solid foundation translates into clear communication between a dog and a handler. I could not be more proud of Takoda!
Intro Tunnelers, last class of the trial on Sunday. Takoda came into this trial needing one Q more Intro Tunnelers Qs for his Versatility Award so I ran him in Intro.
A friend called Takoda the Cary Grant of Agility (or something like that) due to his smoothness on course. I am still chuckling about that.
Takoda earned another significant Intro title before this trial, with 10 Qs in Intro Regular.
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2019-04-25T09:02:34Z
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https://artanddogblog.wordpress.com/2016/11/02/takodas-debut-running-novice-courses-october-28-30-2016/
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Porn
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News
| 0.206204 |
wordpress
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Plantagenet: You’re very young. I don’t think you’ve thought about this very much.
Silverbridge: But I have sir, I have developed my own ideas. We’ve got to protect ourselves against those radicals and communists.
Plantagenet: Do your politics begin and end with your own self-interests? You’re advocating self-protection.
Silverbridge: Not only our own protection, sir, but that of our class. The people will look after themselves, but we are so few and they are so many that we will have quite enough to do.
Plantagenet: You would desert a family allegiance of centuries for such childish thinking as that?
Silverbridge: I know I’m a fool sir. Perhaps that’s why I’m a Tory. Well, the radicals are always saying that it must be a fool, so perhaps a fool ought to be a Conservative. I am very sorry if this upsets you father.
‘Clearly, it is time we learned to meet our emotional needs without embracing the preposterous. We must find ways to invoke the power of ritual and to mark those transitions in every human life that demand profundity— birth, marriage, death—without lying to ourselves about the nature of reality. Only then will the practice of raising our children to believe that they are Christian, Muslim, or Jewish be widely recognized as the ludicrous obscenity that it is. And only then will we stand a chance of healing the deepest and most dangerous fractures in our world.
I have no doubt that your acceptance of Christ coincided with some very positive changes in your life. Perhaps you now love other people in a way that you never imagined possible. You may even experience feelings of bliss while praying. I do not wish to denigrate any of these experiences. I would point out, however, that billions of other human beings, in every time and place, have had similar experiences—but they had them while thinking about Krishna, or Allah, or the Buddha, while making art or music, or while contemplating the beauty of Nature. There is no question that it is possible for people to have profoundly transformative experiences. And there is no question that it is possible for them to misinterpret these experiences, and to further delude themselves about the nature of reality.
What is a friend exactly? After some deliberation, it turns out to be very difficult to provide an uncontentious analysis. Because of its many different conceptions and dimensions, the full value of the word ‘friend’ is surprisingly hard to capture. To that end, below is a list of quotations to help sketch a definition of the word ‘friend’.
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2019-04-25T09:21:09Z
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https://knowledgeguild.wordpress.com/tag/integrity/
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Porn
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Arts
| 0.170593 |
livejournal
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I have requested Days Off. August 1-3 (Wednesday - Friday) and August 6-7 (Monday-Tuesday).
Now the trick: to actually be rested and revived at the end. I should avoid overscheduling.
I want to read and write, but if the writing goes well, I might just write. If I write, then the relaxation part will have to include exercise because I will need to move after sitting so long and thinking so hard.
I will have some days off!
Do you want to do a bachelorette writing date? I have lots of stuff I need to do and won't bother you with chit chat.
Writing! Writing! With coffee! What day?
I think I am doing something with nifwitch et al. on that weekend - don't know what yet.
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2019-04-21T19:26:45Z
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https://oracne.livejournal.com/1363690.html
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Porn
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Recreation
| 0.98652 |
wordpress
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An ongoing sub-theme of my Fellowship has been to look at where success in digital preservation has come by means of collaborative partnerships, and to investigate how communities of shared practice can be built up and best practice ideas exchanged.
The Best Practice Exchanges take place annually, and provide a forum for those working on digital information management initiatives in US State government to meet and discuss issues, challenges and potential solutions. All of the State Archives I’ve visited on my Fellowship have participated at one time or another. The Exchanges are hosted and organised by volunteer States on a cost recovery basis. The sessions are run more informally than a traditional conference, with a facilitator to encourage discussion in small groups.
Lots of ideas here for future training workshops in the UK?
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2019-04-26T07:54:03Z
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https://80gb.wordpress.com/2008/10/
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Porn
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Business
| 0.189123 |
wordpress
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Diana Reyes | Actor. Dancer. Choreographer. Artist.
THE FIRST FILIPINA MS. CHATELAINE IN 80 YEAR HISTORY!
My Mom had stacks of Chatelaine Magazines growing up, so when Danya Cohen at the mag said she wanted to feature me as April 2013’s Ms. Chatelaine, I was tickled pink! I came back home to Toronto from New York four years ago hoping that my home country would know about me as much as the rest of the world does and now here we are… Chatelaine is the top selling women’s magazine in Canada with half a million monthly subscribers.
I am honored and also pleased to know that I am the FIRST FILIPINA MS. CHATELAINE in the 80-year history of the magazine.
Thank you to Roberto Caruso photographer and Erik his assistant, editor Alex Laws and writer Danya Cohen for putting this fabulous 2-page article together. WOW!
Jojo Dancer Zolina and I are very pleased to announce the coming of our second battle The Jump Off 2.0! This one will be even more hype on account of BUDDHA STRETCH and TYRONE ‘THE BONE’ PROCTOR judging House and Waacking respectively. So far, Montreal and New York and other cities in Canada have signed up. It’s gonna be FIERCE!
MAJOR THANKS TO JADE JAGER CLARK FROM UDO CANADIAN STREET DANCE CHAMPIONSHIPS WHO GAVE US THE SPACE AND TIME FOR OUR BATTLE AT THE METRO TORONTO CONVENTION CENTRE!
The Jump Off Battle can easily be named one of the most talked-about dance battles in Toronto, bringing the highest acclaimed international judges and top dancers from around the world in the styles of Hip Hop, House Dance and Waacking.On June 24, 2012, Jojo Dancer and Fly Lady Di hosted Toronto’s first Jump Off Battle where dancers from all over the world went head-to-head to compete in some legendary battles. Due to the high calibre of Toronto’s dance talent, word of the event attracted dancers from surrounding cities, and even the world, as far as Asia and Europe.The Jump Off is teaming up with UDO’s Canadian Street Dance Championships on March 23, 2013 to bring House Dance and Waacking to a bigger, broader spectrum. A pioneer of Waacking, TYRONE PROCTOR (Soul Train, International House of Waacking) and the legendary Hip Hop Choreographer BUDDHA STRETCH (MOP TOPS / Elite Force) will judge their respective categories with special guest BRIAN ‘FOOTWORK’ GREEN, as the elite Waackers and House Dancers of Toronto and surrounding cities will compete for the grand prize of $200 in CASH!
Have a look at what went down last year at The Jump Off!
Deadline: Friday January 18th, 2013.
Registration Deadline: Thursday February 28th, 2013.
Jojo x Di x Diva K inside December ’12 TORONTO LIFE Magazine!
Thank you to Claire at Toronto Arts Council for having us perform at the Toronto Mayor’s Ball for the Arts (10.15.12)! Look at us pictured next to the diva of glam herself Ms. Jeanne Beker (Fashion Television).
This is truly an honor to be in this magazine, it’s like the equivalent of The New Yorker.
Yay Jojo (youtube.com/kineticphilosopher) and Diva K (Kevin Fraser)!!!!
I’ve been getting a lot of people asking me when my classes are, here they are in a nutshell!
Yesterday was a big day for UrGirlShirls and I as we won the first ever House Dance battle on #NMLBattlez on MuchMusic’s New Music Live! Thank you so much to Janet Castillo and Lenny Len who continue to encourage me to put myself out there to inspire through House Dance, as well as the incomparable Producer Romeo Candido (who also directed and wrote Prison Dancer) and Jojo Dancer – my favorite kuya who continues to push me and inspire me towards greatness.
Shirley – you are also an inspiration – thanks for being a good student and working as hard as you did for this battle. We make a great team. Dancer/Artists for LIFE! Ma-Gic.
Tafiya and BJ, you guys gave us a run for our prize – it’s beautiful and spiritual to watch you both dance.
Above are some photos that were taken by various people – Shirley’s uber supportive bro Mugabi “Bboy Metaflex” snapped lots of shots of us and posted them – thank you! We also caught Phoebe Dykstra in the bathroom woohoo (she luved us) and… Just how many Pinoys can you fit on the MuchMusic stage?! *thanks Romeo* The guest judge was Keisha Chante – I appreciated your honesty booboo.
SPECIAL THANK YOU TO BRITTANY AT DANCE CURRENT FOR THESE AMAZING FEATURES! It has been a dream since childhood to be recognized for my dancing in a dance magazine – especially one from my home country!
I am both proud and grateful!
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2019-04-21T01:26:25Z
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https://flyladydi.wordpress.com/
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Porn
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Arts
| 0.807408 |
wordpress
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from reader to . . . collector?
I thought this blog was over.
Just because I’ve ignored this blog for years doesn’t mean I haven’t been reading — and loving — Astrid Lindgren books. I’ve re-read many of the books, and at Christmas or my birthday there’s nearly always been a favorite Astrid book waiting for me. There didn’t seem to be anything else to say — I read all the books. Done.
I never intended to collect all of Astrid’s books. Not my goal. There are so many, and I try to not accumulate too many books because it makes it hard to move. I don’t think a person needs to own something to appreciate it.
Yet at the back of my mind there’s been this little worry that some of her books are disappearing and will be increasingly harder to find — and therefore harder to ever read and appreciate again. For many of her books such as the Bill Bergson/Kalle Blomquist series, new life has been zapped into the books with new editions. (This is great news because the original edition Bill Bergson trilogy would set me back at least $250. Ouch.) Yet there are books like Brenda Brave, the Kati series, and the Riwkin-Brick books which, realistically and sadly, are probably never going to be reprinted. I would LOVE to be wrong about this.
I blame my partner Elliott. (Yes, a lot can change in three years.) His not-quite-midlife crisis consisted of buying 50 pounds of Legos this month and turning our living room into a Lego workshop. As far as midlife crises go, I can handle this one. It was enormously fun to watch him explore a toy from his childhood and rekindle a love of play. While he was sorting, I read to him from Astrid’s War Diaries and it made me realize that Legos are to him what Astrid Lindgren is to me. And he was having so much fun with Legos. Wouldn’t I also have fun if I revisited Astrid Lindgren?
Stepping over Legos for a week, I concluded that I could do worse things than slowly collect all the Astrid Lindgren books. Some of them are disappearing and I want to be able to read them still in decades to come.
Here’s my recommended Top 12 for where to start if you’re interested in reading Astrid Lindgren’s works.
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2019-04-24T02:43:27Z
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https://readingastrid.wordpress.com/tag/collecting/
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Porn
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News
| 0.112476 |
wordpress
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This is an example of a web2py app using the WordPress.com REST API with OAuth2.
You need to go to developer.WordPress.com to setup your app.
N.B. I tested this on my website, however, if I messed up with writing this article, please let me know in the comments.
# TODO: Replace these globals with your own.
allows your user to aurhorize her blog for use by your app.
holds a redirect_uri callback to your app.
WordPress.com will send OAuth2 credentials to YOUR callback URL.
# The web2py URL function inserts an (in this case) UNNEEDED reference to the current web2py app.
# This string function gets rid of that reference.
1. Receive request.vars.code == a "time-limited code that your application can exchange for a full authorization token."
This is a time-limited code that your application can exchange for a full authorization token.
the redirect_uri must match the redirect_uri used during the Authorize step (above).
grant_type has to be set to "authorization_code".
2. Convert time-limited code into OAuth2 full authorization credentials.
3. For demo purposes, list the blog with the credentials.
# TODO: Replace values client_id, client_secret with YOUR's, previously received from dev.WordPress.com setup.
# TODO: [NO SHOWN] Store access_token, blog_id, blog_url in the db for further use.
# For demo purposes, we will use these credentials here, to list this blog.
I omit model code in this article, assuming you can store your credentials for further use. If you needd assistance, contact me by a comment.
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2019-04-26T17:09:24Z
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https://joecodeswell.wordpress.com/tag/oauth2/
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.908293 |
wordpress
|
Built for smart phone mobile devices and network enabled tablets, School Shooting eMorial creates a lasting monument to victims of school shootings. Simply download and launch a mobile augmented reality browser and aim the devices’ camera at the open space, just west of the U.S. Capital Building on the National Mall in Washington D.C. The browser uses geolocation software to superimpose 3D virtual objects at precise GPS coordinates, integrating the memorial into the physical location as if it existed in the real world.
This exhibition focuses on 6 projects from the larger Manifest.AR collective. Gallery 31 is the hub for the exhibition, but the show itself moves beyond the physical constraints of the gallery, into the monumental space of Washington DC, and in some cases beyond the authorial intentions of the artists – as the audience is encouraged to participate.
We hope this exhibition – with all of its idiosyncratic pitfalls and egalitarian possibilities – represents a progressive alternative to the status quo.
Read more including instructions to view the work on location on the National Mall in Washington D.C. just west of the U.S. Capital Building. Here is a link to the Installation photo stream and one for the Opening Reception.
Press: Reality Bytes, Lea Winerman, Read Washington Post Express.
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2019-04-19T02:40:38Z
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https://johncraigfreeman.wordpress.com/2013/08/12/school-shootings-emorial-manifest-ar/
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Porn
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Arts
| 0.869996 |
wordpress
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One of the most frequent search terms that appear on my blog relates in some way to Blackjacks (Bidens pilosa), demonstrating that what I have regarded as a pesky weed is clearly of greater interest to others. This piqued my curiosity and so I have put blackjacks under the microscope, metaphorically speaking.
The common blackjack is an annual plant belonging to the Asteraceae family. Like so many other species, this plant was collected and named by Carl Linnaeus in 1753 – what a marvellous contribution that man has made to our collective knowledge of plants! How this particular one came to be known as a ‘blackjack’ is anyone’s guess.
I have mentioned in a previous post that blackjacks originated in South America and, while it is now common in all tropical and sub-tropical areas throughout the world, it is known that they put down their roots in South Africa over a century ago. This date can be traced to the Anglo-Boer War (1899-1902), when British forces imported fodder mainly from Mexico and Argentina for their horses. Blackjacks formed part of this fodder.
These plants are easily recognisable for they grow tall, and have small white and yellow flowers, which then develop into clusters of barbed seeds. The flowers are borne on long, slender stalks at the end of branched stems. Each flower head has four or five short, broad white petals with numerous yellow disc florets which are pollinated by flies and bees.
To the dismay of many a gardener, blackjacks are fast growing: flowering starts a mere six weeks after the plants emerge and the seeds mature only a month later! Think about it: each plant can bear about eighty flower heads, which in turn can produce over 3 000 seeds in a single generation. You can see why these plants are widely regarded as a weed.
As you can see from the picture above, the seeds radiate outwards and have sharp awns that hook onto passing animals and people as an efficient means of dispersal. Two of the seeds are dangling from the seed head on the left, just waiting to be caught on something passing by.
If you look carefully at the flower on the right of the picture above, you will notice the cluster of seeds in the making – quite an arsenal of them packed in tightly!
The plants commonly grow in disturbed habitats, such as in gardens, farm lands, and along the road verges. The hot weather conditions in South Africa suit the ideal growing requirements of blackjacks.
Heed this anonymous quotation: But a weed is simply a plant that wants to grow where people want something else. In blaming nature, people mistake the culprit. Weeds are people’s idea, not nature’s.
A plant as prolific as this must have some uses. I find it intriguing that blackjack leaves are considered in some quarters as a ready source of food and medicine. It has been recorded as having been sold at local markets in the provinces of KwaZulu-Natal and Limpopo during times when other vegetables are scarce. The problem is that blackjacks cannot be stored for more than a day and so, storing leaves in a ‘fridge or parboiling them before allowing them to dry in the sun are some methods of preservation that have been tried.
It is the young plants that are reputed to be the most nutritious as they contain high levels of Vitamins A and C as well as iron, and even protein. The leaves are generally eaten boiled or stir-fried. I cannot vouch for this, yet I imagine one would have to become used to their astringent taste.
The roots, leaves and seeds reportedly possess anti-sceptic and anti-inflammatory properties. For those who know how to administer the plants medicinally, decoctions of powdered leaves have been used to treat abdominal pains, headaches, and even diarrhoea. Juice from crushed leaves can apparently be used to clean cuts and superficial wounds. It has also been said that the fibrous nature of the plants promote bowel regularity and can ease constipation.
While it is fascinating to know of some of the many uses of this common weed. I wouldn’t try any of the above medicinal applications – that’s what pharmacies and pharmacists are for!
Henderson M. and Anderson J.G Common Weeds in South Africa Botanical Survey, Memoir No 37 1966. Department of Agricultural Technical Service.
This entry was posted in Alien vegetation and tagged Anglo-Boer War, weeds. Bookmark the permalink.
Knapsekêrel in Afrikaans and I’m sorry to say that I certainly have no love for these plants 😜 They grow abundantly among the dense bushes on our coastline and once the seeds attach themselves to our clothes and/or the dog’s fur, removing them is a nightmare.
Interesting post. Attractive plant. I enjoyed the quote too!
Die feit dat daar wel nuttige gebruik van die plant is, kan dalk help om dit in bedwang te hou, want dis ‘n wydverspreide verpesting. Dankie vir die interessante artikel.
Of course I am referrring to the naming of the plant. The ‘hits’ you mention may well be related to the gambling card game!
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2019-04-25T22:00:04Z
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https://somethingovertea.wordpress.com/2018/01/25/blackjacks/
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.088619 |
wordpress
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If this resonates with you, then you might be interested in a talk I am giving at the Heart of Agile conference in Pittsburgh in just a few weeks on April 26.
In this talk I explain how the software engineering community can solve this frustrating problem we all face. And I will share concrete examples and success stories demonstrating how your coaches and developers can use Essence today in what I call “stealth mode” to strengthen your teams implementation of the Heart of Agile, regardless of your agile implementation approach.
Hope to see you in Pittsburgh!
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2019-04-20T14:40:35Z
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https://paulemcmahon.wordpress.com/2018/04/06/making-the-heart-of-agile-concrete-essence/
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Porn
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Business
| 0.704562 |
tripod
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To the ends of the world an back again.
Deserts, forests, valleys an mountains.
Come my love an soar with me.
As the sun rises in the east, an sets in the west.
To see these with you is my life’s quest.
By each others sides forevermore.
It is written by destiny, I am sure.
What mortal man could ask for more.
To stay with you I’ll fly each day.
Would be your lovers’ only quest.
To nest in closeness every night.
You’ve had my love from very start.
My wife, my lover, my turtle dove.
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2019-04-19T04:40:09Z
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http://dlioness64.tripod.com/soar_with_me.htm
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.282423 |
livejournal
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I've been cycling to work since last October, and my views on appropriate clothing have shifted a bit during that time. Initially, I'd just wear my normal work clothes (with high-vis waistcoat and helmet), but I'm now wearing a T-shirt for cycling and carrying my work shirt in the pannier, then changing when I arrive. That's partly because I seem to be sweating a lot more now; this is probably a combination of the weather, cycling further, and pedalling faster.
I'm now wondering about the lower half. When I use machines at the gym, I wear lycra cycle shorts: they're more comfortable, and a bit more absorbant. I'd be happy to wear them if I was cycling the whole way to work; I could either carry trousers with me, or keep them in a locker at the office. However, the problem is that I go part of the way by train; it's not so much that I'd feel self-conscious, but I don't want to offend any of the other passengers. One option would be to get "baggies", but I'd prefer not to buy any extra clothing at the moment, particularly since I'm hoping to slim down a bit (i.e. they'd become too big for me). Another option would be to put an extra layer on top (e.g. tracksuit trousers), but that would probably make me sweat even more.
What would you think if you saw someone on the train wearing lycra shorts?
If you have any light and shorter shorts, you can wear them over the top of the lycra shorts -- it won't add any significant warmth if they're pretty light and short, but they provide much more of a 'dressed' look (rather than an 'I stepped out of the house in my underwear' look).
And if you have any old wrecked trousers - particularly cargo or combat pants - you can chop off the leg below the knee to construct what I believe the cool kids are calling "shanks".
Yep, go to a charity thrift shop and buy a pair of old cargo/combat trousers and cut them off at the knee. Probably cost you £2.
Thanks (to you and the others) - this sounds like a good idea. I'm not sure whether I have anything suitable at the moment, but if I can shift down from a 38" waist to 36" then I don't mind chopping up some of my current trousers to make shorts.
I have a pair of these, which I got in Wiggle's sale, costing me about £30.
I have to admit to only rarely wearing Lycra shorts in public, although now that the weather is a lot warmer I think I'll be doing it more often. To be honest, I doubt anyone's going to be mightily offended by the sight of you in Lycra on a commuter train, and if they are you can call them a body fascist. But if you want to salve your conscience, wear any old pair of shorts over the top.
I'd say "to each his/her own", possibly accompanied by an appreciative glance in some cases.
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2019-04-21T00:17:20Z
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https://johnckirk.livejournal.com/274013.html
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Porn
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Shopping
| 0.467284 |
google
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A stentless prosthesis is made completely from material (10,12), for example bovine pericardium, other than valve material. The projection of the valve sleeve (10) allows any reparatory operations on surrounding tissues.
The present invention relates to cardiac valve prostheses or, briefly, artificial cardiac "valves".
the so-called "biological" valves in which the blood flow is controlled by valve leaflets constituted by biological tissue mounted on a rigid, or only slightly flexible, stent or armature.
The valve leaflets in question can be those of a natural cardiac valve taken from an animal (for example, a natural pig's valve) and mounted on the stent after treatment (stabilisation) to render it biologically inert.
In other solutions, however, the biological tissue utilised to form the valve leaflets is biological tissue other than valve tissue (for example, bovine pericardium).
A prosthesis of this latter type is described in European patent EP-B-0155245.
This prior patent describes a cardiac valve prosthesis comprising an armature (or stent) of substantially rigid material of annular form within which is fitted a valve sleeve of biological tissue constituted by two sheets of biological material (for example, animal pericardial tissue) treated to render it biologically inert: in particular, the said sleeve, indicated 10, is illustrated on its own in Figure 6 of the drawings accompanying the patent.
In this known solution, the sleeve in question is obtained by the technique illustrated schematically in Figures 1 and 2 of the appended drawings.
In Figure 1, two sheets of biological material (for example, bovine pericardium) which have undergone a fixation in glutaraldehyde are indicated 10 and 12 respectively.
The first sheet 10, intended to constitute the outer portion of the valve sleeve of an aortic valve prosthesis, has an approximately rectangular shape, whilst the other sheet 12, intended to constitute the internal or functional part of the valve sleeve (or rather, in practice, the valve flaps) is also generally rectangular. However, the sheet 12 has previously been subjected to a shaping process intended to give it three shaped portions 14 of approximately semi-circular, or half-moon, shape with arcuate edges and with a generally pocket or fingernail shape such that when the valve sleeve is closed into a tube (Figure 2), the leaflets or flaps 14 thus formed project in a convergent manner towards the internal orifice of the prosthesis.
A detailed description of a process and of apparatus used for performing this shaping operation is provided in European patent EP-B-0133420.
The two sheets 10 and 12 are then connected together by a line of stitching 16 (for example, with Dacron thread coated with biocompatible carbonaceous material) which extends closely adjacent the outer peripheries of the half-moon portions forming the valve leaflets 14 and therefore has a festoon-like course.
As already mentioned, the two sheets 10 and 12 connected together by the festoon-like line of stitching 16 are then closed into a tube and connected together along their facing edges by means of a further line 18 of stitching. All this gives rise - after mounting on the stent - to the structure illustrated schematically in Figure 2, in which the three valve leaflets 14 are able, alternately, to move apart so as to allow the blood to flow in one direction (upwardly with reference to Figure 2) and to fit together under the action of the blood pressure so as to prevent the blood from flowing in the opposite direction.
All this accords with criteria widely known in the art and which do not require to be explained further herein.
Preferably, the stitch line 18 is located at one of the so-called commissural faces (that is, the zone of maximum axial extent) of the sheets 10 and 12.
In addition, the extreme edge of the outer sheet 10 intended to be situated downstream in the implanted position of the valve (that is, the extreme edge of the outer sheet 10 intended to face the output side of the valve) is slit, usually before closure of the tube, very close to the festoon stitch line 16, and thus very close to the arcuate edges of the valve flaps 14, so as to form an output edge 20 intended in turn to allow the valve sleeve to be fixed to the valve stent. In this respect one may again refer to the specification of European patent EP-B-0155245 .
Still with regard to Figure 2, it will again be noted that, for preference, the relative positions of fixing of the two sheets 10 and 12 is selected so that, when the tubular sleeve is closed into a tube, the inner sheet 12 (or functional sheet, this meaning the sheet which carries the valve leaflets 14) is made to project relative to the outer sheet in correspondence with the upstream edge of the prosthesis (or the input edge for the blood flow); all this facilitates the assembly on the valve stent.
The more recent prior art has made headway with yet another line of progress, that is to say, that of attempting to form cardiac valve prostheses without the need for a stent.
In other words one is dealing with valves termed "stentless" or "unstented", which do not have the rigid or substantially rigid annular structure present in most valves under current production.
In general, it may be said that a presence of a stent is in fact imperative in mechanical cardiac valve prostheses. One has, however, been made to appreciate that, in itself, the presence of a stent if not strictly necessary in biological valve prostheses: in particular, the fact that the valve prosthesis as a whole has good characteristics of deformability renders valves of this type, formed from biological material of valvular origin (that is, in practice, with the use of natural valves taken from animals - typically pig valves), particularly suitable for implantation by the surgeon because of functional advantages and, in particular, a greater similarity to the anatomy of natural aortic valves.
The present invention attempts specifically to make it possible to form stentless valves while avoiding the need to take cardiac valves from animals, and by constructing the valve prosthesis in accordance with an optimised design or model, not imposed by the anatomical configuration of animals which have considerable biological variations. All this may eventually make it possible to replace (either partially or completely) the natural biological tissue with a continuous, micro-porous and/or composite synthetic material (for example polyurethane), with the result that it will be possible to replace the connection of the parts by stitching with connection by gluing or welding, or indeed by moulding the prostheses in a single piece.
According to the present invention, this object is achieved by means of a cardiac valve prosthesis having the characteristics claimed specifically in the claims which follow.
Figure 8 illustrates schematically the criteria of implantation of a valve of the invention.
In Figures 3 to 8 the same reference numerals already used in Figures 1 and 2 have been used to indicate parts functionally similar to those already described.
Thus, references 10 and 12 indicate respectively the outer and inner (or functional) sheets of biological material (or synthetic material, for example, polyurethane), while reference 14 indicates the half-moon, sack-shaped parts formed in the latter which will form the valve leaflets of the prosthesis; finally, reference 16 indicates the line of festoon stitching (or welding or gluing) connecting the two sheets 10 and 12 along the outer edges of the valve leaflets 14, while reference 18 indicates the line of stitching along which the valve sleeve is closed into a tube.
An important characteristic of the solution of the invention lies in the fact that, in forming the edge of the outer sheet 10 intended to face the downstream end of the prosthesis, that is the outflow end with respect to the blood flow, this is not made to follow strictly the course of the line of festoon stitching 16, and hence the arcuate edges of the valve flaps 14, as it had in the prior art solution (Figure 2).
In quantitive terms (without, however, wishing to attribute any limiting character thereto) one may state that, in the solutions adopted at present by the Applicant in the manufacture of the solution described in the prior European patent EP-B-0155245, the edge 20 of the outer sheet 10 is cut at an approximately constant distance of the order of 2mm from the festoon stitching 16.
On the contrary, in the solution of the invention shown in Figures 3 and 4, the homologous edge, indicated 120, is located as a certain distance from the arcuate edges of the valve flaps 14: in practice, at a distance of the order of about 1 cm from the festoon stitching 16. In general, the distance separating the edge 120 from the stitching 16 is not constant and has a minimum value in correspondence with the cusps of the festoon stitching 16 (for example, about 1 cm) and a slightly greater value (for example, 1.2-1.5 cm) in correspondence with the loops of the stitching 16.
With reference to Figures 3 and 4, it will also be noted that the upstream edge of the outer sheet 10, indicated 122, is not completely straight but has a generally undulating shape which follows the course of the stitching 16 to a certain extent.
Again in the solution of the invention shown in Figures 3 and 4, and as already seen in the prior art solution, the arrangement of the relative fixing of the sheets 10 and 12 is selected so that, with the valve sleeve closed into a tube (see Figure 6), the edge of the inner or functional sheet 12 facing the upstream end of the valve projects to a greater or lesser extent relative to the homologous edge of the outer sheet 10. As illustrated schematically in the variant of Figure 5, this greater projection may, in effect take the form of an appendage 124 of the sheet 12, the position and dimensions of which can be varied selectively in dependence on specific applicational requirements so as to enable it to be sutured, for example, to the ventricular wall in a surgical reparatory operation. This appendage 124 of the sheet may, however, extend around the entire circumference of the prosthetic device in order to allow a repair or reinforcement of all or part of the annulus and/or of the adjacent ventricular wall.
In the further variant shown in Figure 7, the downstream edge of the outer sheet 10 is not, in practice, subject to any cutting whereby the outer sheet 10 retains a generally rectangular shape (or slightly trapezoidal, for reasons which will be clarified below) so as to form a tubular jacket proper which surrounds the inner sheet 12 with the downstream edge (indicated 120′) of the outer sheet 10 extending annularly and being substantially coplanar with the free edges (that is those which project inwardly of the valve orifice) of the valve leaflets 14. In a further variant (not illustrated) the edge 120 may be located at a certain distance downstream of the edge plane of the valve leaflets so as to form a prosthetic duct proper, giving the prosthesis as a whole the character of an aortic valve prosthesis.
As already stated, both with reference to the embodiments shown in Figures 3 to 5 and with reference to the variant of Figure 7, the two sheets 10, 12 of biological material (and particularly the outer sheet 10, at least in its starting configuration) may be generally trapezoidal whereby, when the valve sleeve is closed on itself into a tube as illustrated in Figures 6 and 7, it is possible to give it a generally frusto-conical shape. This latter, as seen in the direction of the free flow of blood may be selected to be convergent or divergent depending upon the specific requirements for the implant.
In general, in all embodiments of the invention described, the extension of the outer sheet 10 for a certain distance beyond the line of festoon stitching 16 makes it possible to form a valve prosthesis constituted solely or substantially of biological tissue and, particularly, of biological tissue of non-valvular origin, without the support structure (armature or stent) of conventional valves. In other words, the invention enables a valve prosthesis of unstented type to be made without the need to make use of natural animal valves (for example, pigs' valves).
The valve according to the invention may be anchored firmly in the implant position, with all the advantages resulting from its intrinsic character of deformability, without this giving rise to functional problems.
Figure 8 shows schematically how this is possible and relates to a possible implant position of a prosthesis according to the invention in replacing a natural, malfunctioning aortic valve. In Figure 8, reference V indicates schematically the ventricle, while reference A indicates the aorta which extends from the so-called valve ring R of the ventricle V.
In cardiac operations for the replacement of the natural valve by a prosthetic valve, the structure and the strength of the ring R may often be compromised both by the removal itself, effected surgically, and by septic or non-septic increase in endocarditis. These degenerative phenomena may even extend to adjacent tissue to a certain extent.
By virtue of the axial extension of the outer biological sheet 10 relative to the valve (that is in the direction of flow of the blood) the valve according to the invention may be fixed firmly to the region of the ring and to the aortic wall with suture lines C so that, in addition to the necessary firm anchoring of the prosthesis in the implant site, it also repairs and consolidates the ring and the walls of the vessel. This effect may be made even more evident with the use of a solution such as that illustrated in Figure 7, with the downstream edge 120′ of the outer sheet 10 located at a certain distance from the end edges of the valve leaflets 14 so as to give the prosthesis as a whole the character of an aortic valve prosthesis.
In a complementary manner, the collar formed at the opposite end of the inner, or functional, sheet 12 may be fixed by further suture stitches T to the region of the ring R with a generally consolidating effect. Again, when appendages are present such as the appendage 124 in Figure 5 it is possible to extend the repair even to the walls of the ventricle V when, for example, these have been damaged by endocarditis, or to provide for reconstruction of the ring.
Naturally, the principle of the invention remaining the same, the constructional details and forms of embodiment may be varied widely with respect to those described and illustrated without thereby departing from the scope of the present invention. This is particularly true with regard to the possibility, already indicated previously, of using a continuous, for example, micro-porous and/or composite synthetic material ( for example, polyurethane) for the sheets 10 and 12 instead of natural biological tissue (for example, bovine pericardium). The use of this synthetic material has the potential advantage give by the possibility of replacing the connection by stitching of the sheets with connection by welding or gluing, a technique - the latter - which may possibly be applied even to biological tissue. In addition to this, recourse to synthetic materials also enables one to consider the possibility of making stentless prostheses in a single piece, for example, by moulding, instead of by the connection by separate sheets.
1. A stentless cardiac valve prosthesis, characterised in that it includes valve leaflets (14) of material other than biological valve tissue.
2. A prosthesis according to Claim 1, characterised in that it is constituted substantially (10, 12) of material other than biological valve tissue.
3. A prosthesis according to Claim 1 or Claim 2, characterised in that the material is selected from the group constituted by biological tissue and synthetic material.
4. A prosthesis according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that it comprises a valve sleeve made from two sheets of the said material (10, 12), of which one (12), intended to be on the inside of the sleeve, defines the prosthetic valve leaflets (14) while the other (10), intended be on the outside of the sleeve, constitutes a formation for the suturing (C) of the prosthesis during implantation and projects axially from the prosthesis itself for a certain distance.
5. A prosthesis according to Claim 4, characterised in that the prosthetic valve leaflets (14) have arcuate edges and in that the other sheet (10) has homologous end edges (120, 120′) located at a certain distance from the arcuate edges of the prosthetic valve leaflets (14).
6. A prosthesis according to Claim 5, characterised in that the sheets (10, 12) are connected together by at least one connecting line having a festoon course (16) with loops which follow the line of the arcuate edges of the valve leaflets (14) and in that the homologous end edges (120, 120′) of the other sheet (10) are located at a certain distance from the said festoon line (16).
7. A prosthesis according to Claim 5 or Claim 6, characterised in that the homologous end edges (120) of the other sheet (10) also have a generally festoon course which copies the course of the arcuate edges of the valve leaflets (14).
8. A prosthesis according to Claim 5 or Claim 6, characterised in that the homologous end edges (120′) have a generally straight course.
9. A prosthesis according to any one of claims 5 to 8, characterised in that the homologous end edges (120, 120′) are located at a distance of the order of at least about 1 cm from the arcuate edges of the valve leaflets (14).
10. A prosthesis according to Claim 8, characterised in that the homologous end edges (120′) are approximately complanar with the free end edges of the valve leaflets (14).
11. A valve prothesis according to Claim 4 or Claim 8, characterised in that the other sheet (10) projects substantially in an axial direction from the prosthesis whereby the prosthesis itself takes on the character of a vasco-valvular, preferably an aortic valve, prosthesis.
12. A prosthesis according to any one of Claims 4 to 10, characterised in that, at the end of the prosthesis intended to be located flowdynamically upstream of the direction of free flow of the blood through the prosthesis, the said one sheet (12) projects a certain distance beyond the corresponding edge of the other sheet (10).
13. A prosthesis according to any one of Claims 4 to 12, characterised in that at least one of the two sheets (10, 12) has a projecting appendage (124) for use in a re-constructional operation .
14. A prosthesis according to any one of Claims 4 to 12, characterised in that the said sheets (10, 12) have a generally trapezoidal shape whereby, when the sleeve is closed on itself to form the duct intended to be traversed by the blood flow, it assumes a generally frusto-conical shape.
15. A prosthesis according to Claim 3, characterised in that the synthetic material is continuous and/or micro-porous and/or composite.
16. A prosthesis according to Claim 3 or Claim 15, characterised in that the synthetic material is polyurethane.
17. A prosthesis according to Claim 4, characterised in that the two sheets (10, 12) are connected together (16) by stitching and/or welding and/or gluing.
18. A prosthesis according to any one of Claims 1 to 4 made in a single piece, for example by moulding.
19 An aortic valve prosthesis according to any one Claims 1 to 18.
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2019-04-23T21:06:24Z
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https://patents.google.com/patent/EP0515324A1/en
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.28676 |
webs
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While I am NOT a stamp dealer, even as a collector I end up with various spare stamps, which I will be offering below.
In addition to certain individual stamps from St. Vincent, I also have bundles of USA & Foreign that stamps, see below for details.
Don't finalize until you are truly done (simply because PayPal charges me for every transaction).
Stamps will be sold in in sets of 50 stamps (please DO NOT request individual stamps or topics) as follows.
Stamps are only 9¢ each plus postage!
50 USA Commemoratives (mostly from the 1930's to 1990's). This will be ONLY commemoratives, no definitive stamps will be included.
50 Worldwide stamps (contains NO USA stamps). This will include old & recent stamps, mint, used, commemoratives & some (but not many) definitives.
. The order will NOT be finalized until you click on this button. Please choose the correct button above. If selecting "USA shipments" and your address is not in the USA, then I will return the payment.
I prefer PayPal payments, but you can submit cash payments by mail (at your own risk). I can accept US Dollars, Euro coins & banknotes & Swiss Franc coins & banknotes. Prices are the same in all currencies (ie: US$ 1.00 = 1 Euro = 1 Swiss Franc). I only accept Euros & Swiss Francs since these are currencies that I can trade with other people. Due to the low price of my offering, the shipping & handling costs include postage, the envelope and my PayPal receiving fee. All items will be mailed via regular 1st class or airmail. If need insurance and/or registration, then these fees are extra.
Note: You are welcome to order more than one of each above, but please remember that when you order more than one set, that there might be duplicates. I will simply start counting stamps out of the box and will not check to see if there are duplicates.
Please indicate which and how many of the stamps you are ordering (ie: 2x USA sets, 1x Worldwide sets, etc).
Please secure coins & bills in the envelope, use extra paper so that you can not see through the envelope.
Send exact amount; I can NOT send back change! $5 per set for US shipments, $6 per set for Foreign shipments.
Use commemorative stamps on your envelope! As a collector, it is only common courtesy to use commemorative stamps when sending mail to a fellow collector; I use commemorative stamps on all outgoing mail, please do the same!
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2019-04-22T16:56:08Z
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https://stvincentstamps.webs.com/stampsforsale.htm
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Porn
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Shopping
| 0.716708 |
wikipedia
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The personal finances of professional American athletes is a subject of widespread discussion due to the often high salaries of such athletes and the high rates of personal bankruptcy and other financial distress.
According to a 2009 Sports Illustrated article, 78% of National Football League (NFL) players are either bankrupt or are under financial stress within two years of retirement and an estimated 60% of National Basketball Association (NBA) players go bankrupt within five years after leaving their sport. Originally the statement "60% of NBA players go bankrupt within five years after leaving their sport" was released by a representative of the NBA Players' Association in 2008 A Fortune magazine article states, however, that a working paper from the National Bureau of Economic Research found that the percentage of NFL players who go bankrupt after two years is a much smaller 1.9%, climbing to 15.7% after 12 years.
As of 1911[update] the average salary for the about 500 players in Major League Baseball was slightly more than $2,000 a season ($53,800 today). The star hitter Ty Cobb received $9,000 a season ($242,000 today), and sold automobiles in the off season. While Cobb encouraged young men to play professionally, top pitcher Christy Mathewson—who had made more money as a player than Cobb—warned, "Keep out of baseball unless you are sure of being a star!" He stated that the average player did not make enough over a ten-year career to justify devoting those years to the sport.
By 1941, Hank Greenberg was the highest-paid player in baseball, earning $55,000 a season ($936,900 today). Stan Musial's $80,000 a season ($754,800 today) was the highest in 1952, while young star Mickey Mantle earned $10,000 a season ($94,300 today). Musial, like Cobb, supplemented his income; he owned a restaurant.
Baseball outfielder Torii Hunter brought up another obstacle: "Once you get into the financial stuff, and it sounds like Japanese, guys are just like, 'I ain't going back.' They're lost." It has been often suggested that baseball players study finance in college so that they can understand basic finances and contracts.
Players encourage each other to spend lavishly. Rod Strickland explained, "For rookies, it's like an unspoken initiation ... You're trying to get in good with the veterans, so you go beyond your means." Friends and strangers become part of their entourages. Retired basketball center Danny Schayes stated, "Guys go broke because they surround themselves with people who help them go broke".
An additional problem is that players can earn money in many different tax jurisdictions, and be a citizen of one country but a legal resident of another.
"There's a far shorter peak earnings period than in any other profession". Black Enterprise reported in 2003 that "the average career span for professional basketball, football, and baseball is a mere 4.5 years, 3.2 years, and under five years, respectively." A 2007 study found that, excluding pitchers, rookie Major League Baseball players' careers last for 5.6 years on average.
Magic Johnson said, "They hire these people not because of expertise but because they're friends. Well, they'll fail." Rod Strickland made his father his business manager. The older Strickland checked out a real estate deal from a "friend of a close friend" of Rod's, but not well enough to avoid a costly blunder.
Hockey Hall of Famer Bobby Orr received deceitful treatment from Alan Eagleson, who "as Orr's agent, left him all but broke as part of one of sports' most spectacular financial scandals."
Karl Malone, another Basketball Hall of Famer has said, "You get in trouble when you let a lot of people close to you . . . I've made my share of mistakes. You've got to learn from them.
When asked by one of his players "What's the most dangerous thing that could happen to us financially?", Carolina Panthers majority owner Jerry Richardson replied immediately, "Divorce." The money stops flowing in. Without a prenuptial agreement, Michael Jordan's $168 million divorce settlement was at the time the largest ever. On the other hand, Dikembe Mutombo canceled his wedding, when his fiancee refused to sign one the day before the ceremony.
Another factor is the sexual opportunities available to athletes during their careers. Players end up being responsible for child support. Shawn Kemp had at least seven children with six women, Derrick Thomas seven with five, Jon Kilgore fifteen with four, and Travis Henry nine with nine. Henry was imprisoned for non-payment of an estimated $170,000 annually.
The National Football League offers its players a Financial Education Program. "The non-credit seminars are offered during the year and teach players about cash management, insurance, tax planning, retirement planning and other related topics." There is also a more advanced NFL Business Management and Entrepreneurial Program, with "custom programs at top-rated business schools".
Ryerson University's Ted Rogers School of Management offers a program called Breakaway, which aims to help players in their transition away from professional hockey and other sports.
Education can often be overlooked by professional athletes, once they have made it to their desired sports league. This is a major concern because many professional athletes have no funds or career options to fall back on. Without a college degree, higher education, or in some instances even a high school diploma; there are limited options to explore in the world outside of athletics. Well established athletes like Shaquille O'Neal and Ray Lewis have gone back to receive their college degrees, despite their incredible success in their respected athletic professions. One side of the argument says that college athletics and the educational institutions often do not succeed in accommodating their student athletes for their future endeavors outside of sports, and that the overall relationship between schools and athletes can be perceived as commercial, rather than educational.
In college athletics, such as basketball and football, coaches appear to control athletes in and out of season of their respected sport. With incredibly demanding schedules that almost always requires players to miss classes to focus on their athletic performance, one side of the argument is that it can be difficult to state that schools implement policies and coaches that respect athletics and education equally at a university. Universities have been able to counter these arguments by complying with NCAA rules on limits of practice time and extracurricular activities for the sport that do not pertain to the classroom. Universities often argue that not only do these athletes receive an opportunity of a higher education that they might not have necessarily been able to receive, but that these skills enhance competitive drive, discipline, and teamwork skills in future work settings. Scholarships often provide opportunities for those who may not have gotten into a university, based on previous academic performance or financial status, have been the one of the central arguments for universities justifying their athletic standing and policies. Additional arguments now cite the importance of the synergies in the valuable knowledge and experience gained on the field and how these skills are applied in the workplace. In a study done about the mean attribution of life skills to the sport experience, 75% of former athletes who were participants stated that there were major life skills associated with sports that transferred to their working lives. This study analyzed different types of experiential learning, and found that these were often experiential skills that were learned through playing sports that included what ranged from leadership to goal setting. These arguments may more commonly come up to defend universities for implementing high standards in athletic performance. Regardless of these allegations against universities, education is extremely valuable to professional athletes because the average athlete rarely has a long tenure and cannot make their income last for a sustained period of time.
Some believe that the universities are not to blame, and that students often pave their own path. In a survey consisting of previous student athletes, athletic performance and effort was attributed to helping the development of major life skills, especially in the work force. However, this can change from person to person, and social theorists even believe that roles and identities contribute heavily to where a person is headed in life. There are some athletes, whose personality caters to working incredibly hard on the field, rather than off the field, thus developing more of an athletic identity that can get in the way of a career path or education. The same goes with those who have passions in education or some other activity, making student athletes think very differently from one another.
Basketball Hall of Famer Magic Johnson is an example of an athlete who has not only kept his money, but increased it. He has built a thriving business empire. He was at one time a part owner of the Los Angeles Lakers, and his company, Magic Johnson Enterprises, has a net worth of $700 million. In 2012, he was a minority partner in a group that bought the Los Angeles Dodgers.
Michael Jordan has proven almost as successful in his post-basketball business ventures, despite a temporary financial setback due to his divorce. He has numerous business interests, most notably his own line of apparel through Nike. In March 2010, he became the majority owner of the Charlotte Bobcats, now known as the Charlotte Hornets, after buying out most of the interest of founding owner Bob Johnson for $275 million.
Another Hall of Famer, Dave Bing, established a steel processing company, Bing Steel, in Detroit in 1980. After Bing Steel suffered a loss in its first year of operation, Bing decided to shift his company from manufacturing to being a middleman. Bing Steel became profitable in its second year of operation, and has since expanded to become the Bing Group, a conglomerate involved in a number of businesses, including supplying the automotive industry. However, it has been recently announced that the Bing Group is heavily in debt and is in process of being sold. Most of his holdings have either gone bankrupt or been dissolved.
Still another Hall of Famer, Karl Malone, was involved in a substantial number of business ventures during his NBA career, with his involvement both expanding and diversifying since his retirement. A 2012 story in the Deseret News of Salt Lake City, where he played almost all of his NBA career, listed his current ventures. Among these are new-car and used-car dealerships in the Salt Lake City area; a cattle ranch and substantial timber property in his home state of Louisiana; restaurants in Louisiana, Utah and Idaho; a commercial development company; a deer-raising venture; and an outfitting business.
Hall of Fame pitcher Nolan Ryan has proven successful in business, though not at the level of Johnson or Jordan. After the end of his playing career in 1993, he was majority owner and chairman of a bank in his home town of Alvin, Texas before selling his interest in 2005. He also became part owner of two minor-league teams in his home state, the Corpus Christi Hooks and Round Rock Express. In 2010, he was the public face of, and a minority investor in, a group that bought the Texas Rangers, the team with which he finished his Major League Baseball playing career. He owned a controlling interest in the team until late 2013, when he sold his stake after differences with the majority partners of the Rangers.
Former Washington Redskins cornerback Eugene Profit parlayed his Yale economics education into a highly successful financial career. His company, Profit Investment Management, looks after $2 billion in assets. Former Denver Broncos quarterback and Pro Football Hall of Fame member John Elway used his football earnings to launch a chain of automotive dealerships and steakhouses.
Another athlete turned successful businessman, at least for a time, was former football safety Dave Duerson, president and CEO of Duerson Foods L.L.C. However, an expansion of his company turned into financial disaster due to issues with a supplier of freezers for a meat processing plant. Duerson Foods won a $34 million judgment against the freezer company in 2004, but never collected because the company later filed for bankruptcy, and Duerson himself filed for bankruptcy in September 2010. Duerson's story turned far more tragic, as he committed suicide in February 2011, and a post-mortem examination of his brain revealed he was suffering from what was described as a "moderately advanced" case of chronic traumatic encephalopathy, presumably from constant blows to the head during his football career.
Vince Young – After earning $45 million in salary and endorsements, Young is one of the most recent pro athletes to go broke.
Antoine Walker – Despite earning $108 million in salary while playing in the NBA, Walker had to declare bankruptcy in 2010 listing assets of $5 million and debts of $13 million thanks to bad real estate investments and gambling debts.
Evander Holyfield – After earning $250 million as a heavyweight champion, in 2008 a bank foreclosed on Holyfield's $10 million, 54,000 square foot, 109 room Atlanta mansion.
Kenny Anderson – Despite earning $63 million in salary, Anderson was broke the day he left the NBA. After filing for bankruptcy, Anderson became a K-12 school teacher.
Warren Sapp – In April 2012, Sapp filed for bankruptcy claiming assets worth $6.5 million and debts of $7 million. The $7 million is owed to the IRS, child support to four different women, and medical bills.
Allen Iverson – In February 2012, Iverson told a Georgia judge that he was flat broke and could not pay an $860k jewelry debt. Iverson earned $154 million in salary and $30–50 million in endorsements during his career. Iverson was known to travel with a 50-person entourage, lost millions of dollars gambling, lavished friends with expensive gifts and had massive monthly child support obligations.
Mike Tyson - earned an estimated $400 million over his career, but declared bankruptcy in 2003.
Sheryl Swoopes earned an estimated $50 million playing basketball, and declared bankruptcy in 2004, owing $711,050. Swoopes admitted, "I didn't surround myself with the right people. I got in a position where it was like, 'Oh, wow, what happened?'"
Former Boston Red Sox star Jack Clark filed for bankruptcy in the middle of his $8.7-million-dollar contract.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Pablo S. Torre (March 23, 2009). "How (and Why) Athletes Go Broke". Sports Illustrated. Archived from the original on 2009-08-11. Retrieved January 6, 2011.
^ Roberts, Daniel (April 15, 2015). "16% of retired NFL players go bankrupt, a report says". Fortune.
^ Fox, Edward Lyell (May 1911). "Baseball as the Players See It". Outing Magazine. p. 143. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
^ "Army Inducts Highest-paid Baseball Player". Life. 1941-05-19. p. 45. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
^ "An Old Pro and a Young One". Life. 1952-09-15. p. 71. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
^ Rick Reilly. "Life of Reilly". ESPN. Retrieved January 6, 2011.
^ Bischoff, Bill (6 February 2016). "Why so many sports stars run into tax troubles". Market Watch. Retrieved 7 February 2016. Due to complicated tax issues that don’t affect the rest of us, even financially literate athletes can wind up in tax trouble if they have less-than-stellar advisers.
^ a b Alan Hughes (March 2003). "A brand new game: for these athletes, entrepreneurship is the next playing field - Entrepreneurship". Black Enterprise magazine. Retrieved January 6, 2011.
^ Roberts, Sam (2007-07-15). "Just How Long Does the Average Baseball Career Last?". The New York Times. Retrieved 14 April 2015.
^ S. L. Price (March 2, 2009). "The Ever Elusive, Always Inscrutable And Still Incomparable Bobby Orr". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved January 7, 2011.
^ a b Robinson, Doug (June 26, 2012). "From the Mailman to a businessman, Karl Malone still delivers the goods". Deseret News. Retrieved July 25, 2012.
^ "Forbes: Michael Jordan's Divorce Most Costly Ever". Fox News. April 16, 2007. Archived from the original on 2007-08-24. Retrieved January 7, 2011.
^ Mike Tierney (March 11, 2009). "With Nine Mouths to Feed, Travis Henry Says He's Broke". New York Times.
^ Lawrence Delevingne (September 12, 2009). "10 Ways Sports Stars Go From Riches To Rags". Business Insider. Retrieved January 7, 2011.
^ a b "Financial Education". nfl.com. Retrieved January 6, 2011.
^ Danielle Webb (January 5, 2011). "Education for when a hockey career gets put on ice". The Globe and Mail.
^ a b c McCormick, A. C. "The myth of the student-athlete: The college athlete as employee". Washington Law Review. Retrieved 8 April 2012.
^ a b c Barton, Gavin. "Career success and life skill development through sports". Boston University. Retrieved 8 April 2012.
^ a b c Preacco, Lara. "Student-athlete worldview: A qualitative discovery of student-athletes outlook of the world through their athletic experiences". Western Michigan University. Retrieved 8 April 2012.
^ Associated Press (March 13, 2010). "Jordan soon to get reins of Bobcats". ESPN.com. Retrieved May 13, 2011.
^ Damon Hack (June 16, 2011). "Playing for Profit: Ex-NFL corner succeeds in business after football". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved June 16, 2011.
^ "Duerson filed for bankruptcy". ESPNChicago.com. February 22, 2011. Retrieved May 13, 2011.
^ "Dave Duerson had brain damage". ESPNChicago.com. May 3, 2011. Retrieved May 13, 2011.
^ Andrew Farrell (November 25, 2008). "Sports Stars' Money Meltdowns". Forbes. Retrieved January 7, 2011.
^ a b Liz Robbins (October 27, 2005). "Swoopes Says She Is Gay, and Exhales". New York Times.
This page was last edited on 4 December 2018, at 06:51 (UTC).
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2019-04-20T17:08:44Z
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This entry was posted on June 8, 2010 at 3:10 am and is filed under books, sf with tags Tobias S. Buckell. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
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2019-04-18T17:21:49Z
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https://garbledsignals.wordpress.com/2010/06/08/crystal-rain-tobias-s-buckell/
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Should One Stoop to a Defense of Philosophy or the Humanities?
The place of philosophy in college curricula is often defended on the ground that its study promotes critical thinking.
Now I don't doubt that courses in logic, epistemology, and ethics can help inculcate habits of critical thinking and good judgment. And it may also be true that philosophy has a unique role to play here. So, while it is true that every discipline teaches habits of critical thinking and good judgment in that discipline, there are plenty of issues that are not discipline-specific, and these need to be addressed critically as well.
What I object to, however, is the notion that philosophy needs to justify itself in terms of an end external to it, and that its main justification is in terms of an end outside of it. The main reason to study philosophy is not to become a more critical reasoner or a better evaluator of evidence, but to grapple with the ultimate questions of human existence and to arrive at as much insight into them as is possible. What drives philosophy is the desire to know the ultimate truth about the ultimate matters. Let's not confuse a useful byproduct of philosophical study (development of critical thinking skills) with the goal of philosophical study. The reason to study English literature is not to improve one's vocabulary or to prepare for a career as a journalist. Similarly, the reason to study philosophy is not to improve one's ability to think clearly about extraphilosophical matters or to acquire skills that may prove handy in law school.
Philosophy is an end in itself. This is why it is foolish to try to convince philistines that it is good for something. It is not primarily good for something. It is a good in itself. Otherwise you are acquiescing in the philistinism you ought to be combating. Is listening to the sublime adagio movement of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony good for something? And what would that be, to impress people with how cultured you are?
To the philistine's "Philosophy bakes no bread" you should not respond "Yes it does," for such responses are patently lame. You should say, "Man does not live by bread alone," or "Not everything is pursued as a means to something else," or "A university is not a trade school." You should not acquiesce in the philistine's values and assumptions, but go on the attack and question his values and assumptions. Put him on the spot. Play the Socratic gadfly. If a philistine wants to know how much you got paid for writing an article for a professional journal, say, "Do you really think that only what one is paid to do is worth doing?"
Admittedly, this is a lofty conception of philosophy and I would hate to have to defend it before the uncomprehending philistines one would expect to find on the typical Board of Regents. But philosophy is what it is, lofty by nature, and if we are to defend it we must do so in a way that does not betray it.
It might be better, though, not to stoop to defend it at all, at least not before the uncomprehending. It might be better to show contempt and supercilious disdain. Not everyone can be reasoned with, and part of being reasonable is understanding this fact.
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2019-04-19T06:44:53Z
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https://maverickphilosopher.typepad.com/maverick_philosopher_stri/academia/
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(AP NEWS) — One of five men charged with plotting to bomb an Ohio highway bridge pleaded guilty Wednesday and agreed to testify against his co-defendants.
Anthony Hayne, 35, of Cleveland, pleaded to all three counts against him in U.S. District Court. His attorney, Michael O’Shea, said Hayne hopes to get leniency in return for his testimony.
Authorities have called the men anarchists who acted out of their own anger against corporate America and the government, and investigators say the group planted what turned out to be a dud bomb provided by an FBI undercover informant on a bridge south of Cleveland and then tried to detonate it.
Hayne previously signed a lease for the warehouse that was housing roughly a dozen Occupy Cleveland members. The Associated Press reported in May that the group was trying to scrub his name from the list.
The $600 monthly rent for the space was paid to a landlord not to Hayne, Occupy spokesman Joseph Zitt told The Plain Dealer. He argues they just needed a name to be on the lease.
The Occupy movement has attempted to distance itself from the violent and potentially murderous plan. They have admitted the men were affiliated with Occupy Cleveland but argue they do not represent it or the movement’s non-violent philosophy.
The defendants could face life in prison if convicted.
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2019-04-22T00:02:24Z
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https://sonsanddaughtersofliberty.wordpress.com/2012/07/26/one-of-five-anarchist-occupy-freaks-pleads-guilty-in-ohio-bridge-bomb-plot/
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That's not what I'm worried about. I'm mistrusting because it's turning Facebook into something else. I liked how little you were able to do on it, but now it has its own versions of MySpace pages, Neopets, and so on.
I'm just being a fuddy-duddy.
It's understandable that they're trying to be the most rich social networking site out there...rich in terms features that is...it means that more people will want to join it and take part.
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2019-04-24T07:06:11Z
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https://themadone.livejournal.com/564778.html?thread=1406506
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This proliferation of new technology and services has altered author economics. Almost half of author earnings now come from independently published books. Independent books don’t outsell big-five books, but they offer higher royalty rates—roughly 70 percent versus 25 percent. For the first time—perhaps since the invention of the printing press—authors and small presses have viable independent options beyond the “traditional” publishing path with its gatekeepers.
In response to this email explosion, the startup Substack launched in 2017 as a newsletter publishing and monetization platform. Most newsletter platforms and payment systems aren’t integrated in any smooth or meaningful way. Charging for access can be an onerous task. Through the Substack system, though, a publisher can easily set up metered access to a newsletter for a subscription fee. As of October, Substack boasts over 25,000 subscribers across various newsletters, paying on average $80 a year. Rolling Stone reporter Matt Taibbi recently launched his novel, The Business Secrets of Drug Dealing, in serial on Substack. Judd Legum’s Popular Information is also published via Substack.
In addition to sending several email newsletters, I subscribe to many, and I talk about them a lot; you might have heard me say this at some point (or seen me type it) but I think any artist or scholar or person-in-the-world today, if they don't have one already, needs to start an email list immediately.
By contrast, there’s something almost ahistorical about email, existing outside the normal flow of technological progress. It works and has worked, reliably, for decades. There’s no central email authority. Most bookish people use it. Today I’m convinced you could skip a website, Facebook page, or Twitter account, and launch a publishing company on email alone. Coffee House Press is a good example: I don’t ever peek at the website, or see any of the social media updates, but I love its semiregular, well-considered emails, and almost always buy something when they arrive. Similarly, publisher MCD Books’ newsletter, Electric Eel, is my main vector for keeping up with their work. MCD Books has also discovered what covers in the digital age were missing: a little bit of animation. Just enough movement to catch the eye of someone scrolling through their feed.
The technical improvements that made audiobooks a great experience arrived suddenly in the past few years: Higher quality, better battery life, and less expensive Bluetooth headphones have flooded the market. Connectivity and multi-device cloud syncing are ubiquitous. By August, 25 million smart home speakers had shipped, with sales rising 187 percent in the second quarter. That’s useful because over half of all audio book listening takes places at home.
Voyager Golden Record: 40th Anniversary Edition, which was published with the help of a crowdfunding campaign. The edition includes a book of images, three records and a small poster.
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2019-04-26T16:02:43Z
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https://www.wired.com/story/future-book-is-here-but-not-what-we-expected/
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I have realised over the years that generally the plans that seem least sensible are often those that make me smile most – you know the ones that make the majority of people look a bit puzzled, wondering why you would do that strange and unconventional thing instead of going to a the pub like everyone else.
Thankfully I have found a few friends that know exactly why, that feel equally free and happy and connected to the world when heading out to the hills with a tent and some food (and one with a camelback of wine) on a Friday night.
We walked up a big hill filling our lungs with fresh air, watched the most beautiful sunset filling our hearts with awe, and ate and drunk together filling our bellies with a random selection of tasty treats. We ran around in the dark jumping from stone to stone, and we messed around with head torches inside the tent until the photographer in the group got the right light for his shot. We talked about the week and how strangely this felt more like ‘home’ than home sometimes. One friend had been feeling quite down, and suddenly there she was with a wide smile and bright eyes, back with a feeling of hope and a spirit of adventure again.
In the morning we found a new route down, heading back to reality, but with the whole weekend ahead of us. I think of that Friday night more than most, a secret night out that most will never know. I hope it will be the first of many.
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2019-04-21T09:02:09Z
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https://theadventuredeclaration.wordpress.com/tag/exploration/
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DonnaRae Snowdall, 71 died Feb. 24, 2009 at home, with her husband and daughter by her side.
The memorial service will be held later at First Presbyterian Church of Casa Grande.
Mrs. Snowdall was born March 21, 1937 to Raymond and Pearl Cordell in Spokane, Wash. She moved to Wenatchee, Wash., when she was in seventh grade. She graduated from Wenatchee High School and spent a year at Simpson Bible College.
In October 1960 she married Sgt. 1st Class Philip Snowdall. She was a Christian and was devoted to her family.
In addition to her husband, survivors include two daughters, Susanne McFadden of Seattle and Sharon Wilhelm of Casa Grande, and five grandchildren.
Memorial contributions may be made to: Hospice Charitable Fund of Central Arizona, 1675 E. Monument Plaza Drive, Casa Grande, AZ 85222, or First Presbyterian Church Memorial Fund, 702 E. Cottonwood Lane, Casa Grande, AZ 85222.
The United States District Court issued a ruling on February 21st on the Motion to Transfer or Reassign the Case filed by Mill Bay Members Association (Plaintiffs). The United States – BIA (Defendants) brought the motion to the court in an attempt to have Judge Justin Quackenbush removed from the case.
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2019-04-25T03:56:37Z
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https://millbayresort.wordpress.com/2009/02/
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Vicki’s thoughts on Pre-washing or not!
Dear friend Vicki Welsh wrote and offered to share her experience and thoughts on the issue at hand. Vicki is a trusted and dear friend of mine. I consider her a very talented quilter, and beyond — you simply have to head on to her blog and find out about the “beyond” part. Vicki is amazingly skilled in many other artsy pursuits. I know I can always count on her for advice!
So, I hope you will enjoy what Vicki has to share about pre-washing… and actually soaking your fabrics! Vicki’s generosity to share her experience is just another example of the sweet kindness we show toward one another in the quilting community! THANK YOU, Vicki.
To Pre-was or not to pre-wash……Neither!
An argument for pre-soaking instead.
A couple of weeks ago Wendy polled her readers about whether or not we pre-wash our fabric. I’m visiting here with you today to show you why it doesn’t really matter if you pre-wash or not. If you really want to get the excess dye out of your fabric you really need to pre-soak.
I mean really soak…..for hours!
I know, you are skeptical. But stick with me a bit and I’ll explain. Even if you don’t agree with pre-soaking your fabric, at the end you will at least know how to deal with a bleeding quilt.
I’m a fabric dyer and I don’t want to sell fabric that bleeds to my quilting customers. Hand dyed fabric has a well-deserved reputation for bleeding and I set out to make mine colorfast. Through lots of experimenting I discovered that soaking the fabric for long periods made the difference. Washing just isn’t enough.
Here’s the proof. I soaked some dyed fabric for 12 hours. At 15 minutes, 3 hours and 12 hours I took water samples. I poured the water samples on paper towels and allowed them to dry. The 15 minutes soak shows how much dye would be released in a typical wash cycle. I think this shows clearly that 15 minutes just isn’t enough.
Not long after this I bought a collection of commercial fabrics. I washed them once with a color catcher and the color catcher came out clean. As a test I put the fabric back in the wash and soaked them over night with a color catcher. The next morning the color catcher and water were dark brown!
That explained why one quilt of mine bled years after I made it. At some point all of that excess dye will eventually release. You can read the entire post about my soaking tests here.
Since that original testing a customer had a quilt bleed (using hand dyed and commercial prints) and around the same time I had a quilt bleed (hand dyed and commercial prints). That gave me the incentive to test the process further, including testing different detergents. You can read all of the details here.
I’ve written a summary of the process to remove excess dye from a bleeding quilt and you can print or download it here. You may share the link on your own blog/Facebook page/Pinterest/whatever and you may reprint the article in your guild newsletter as long as it’s reprinted in full and completely attributed to me as the author. I’m a bit evangelical about this and want to get the word out!
If you’ve made it this far in the post I think you deserve a reward! If you’ve ever wanted to try hand dyed fabric but have been afraid to use it I want to give you some incentive to try my colorfast hand dyed fabric. All of Wendy’s loyal readers can use coupon code WENDY15 for 15% off your order. The coupon is good through October 15. My favorite fabrics are the ones I created based on the Munsell color wheel and they are always on sale!
Good friends don’t let friends piece without properly preparing their fabrics! Vicki, you are a good friend – thank you again for that very educational post. Friends, don’t forget to head on over to Vicki’s blog or shop after you leave here… Thanks for stopping by today. Hugs to you all.
Hi Wendy. I never prewash fabric. I had some obvious bleeding fabrics over the years. These fabrics would turn my sewing machine colors. After finishing most my quilts, I wash the quilt in hot water and a cup of white vinegar. ? This process will set the dye and prevent future running of dyes. Am an old fashion gal that likes antique looking quilts. Also, I will know if the quilt can stand up to washing. I do give all my recipients washing instructions to preserve their heirloom.
I hope you don’t mind if I interject a bit here. Unfortunately using vinegar to set dye is an old wives tale. It probably came out of a process of using natural dyes. Salt added to the wash is another one that people sometimes use. Not are quoted very often. Neither of these do anything to help set modern dyes. The best thing we can do is to make sure that we get all of any excess dye out of the fabric to prevent future bleeding.
Thank you for the amazing post! I have been working under the delusion that my pre-washing of new fabrics is enough to stop my finished quilts from bleeding. I have bookmarked Vicki’s article and presoak method for future reference. I plan on presoaking all new fabrics for future projects. I invest too much time, money and love into my quilt creations to have the dyes run. May I share this with my quilter’s guild?
What great information! Thanks to both you and Vicki for bring this subject to the forefront. I wash, and I use color catchers… sometimes more than once is necessary. Next time I’ll just do a long soak! I think I’ve read that Dawn detergent acts as a ‘sufficant’ holding the dye away from the fabric similar to what Synthapol does?
Thank you for mentioning the vinegar with wool dyeing. Vinegar is the fixative for acid dyes on wool and silk for sure. It just doesn’t do anything for cotton. Also, yes, Dawn and (any other detergent) is a surfactant like Synthrapol. It suspends the dye particles in water, away from the fiber. In my testing I found that Dawn worked even better than Synthrapol on commercial fabrics. Some commercial fabrics seem to attract dye and Dawn worked best to keep those fabrics from attracting more dye.
Well Vicky.. I sure mutiflated that “surfactant” word. I’ll be certain to remember it next time. :-) Thanks again for your information. I’ve printed it out and will keep it to refer to in my files! I also added your pin with this info onto my Pinterest board.
Now THAT was a typo… “mutilated”. Fingers are not working well so late.
What a great read!!! Thank you so much for the information. I will definitely be using this technique from now on.
Definitely “food for thought”!!! I don’t prewash as I want the total shrinkage and I go through a ton of Color Catchers. I probably will have an unpleasant outcome one of these days, but……………………….
Thank you Wendy and Vicki for this fantastic information. Most of my quilts are mini and don’t get washed (or soiled ?? fingers crossed)… Seriously though — thank you for sharing. I once visited the Airing of the Quilts in Tunkhannock, PA and saw a beautifully done Baltimore Album Quilt outside with the damp air making the reds run… Oh it was heartbreaking.
My golly, what an eye-opener. How does Orvus Paste fit into the mix? I prewash my fabrics using it along with a color catcher. Vicki, do you use Dawn in the washing machine? What about the newer HE washers, what do you suggest because you are supposed to use low suds soaps? Or do you soak in a pan or the bathtub? So many things to think about. But as it was mentioned, so much goes into making quilts…….time, money, heart, and soul.
I have not tested Orcus but you could easily set up a test to try as many other soaps as you want. My links above talk in detail about how I did my tests and what soaps I tested. It also talks about HE washers. They are of no use in dealing with bleeding fabric. You need lots of water so if you have a HE washer you will need to soak in a big sink or tub.
Wendy, even if I don’t comment, I am always lurking! hahaha! Lurking is such a bad connotation word, but when used in the blogosphere, it’s funny to me!
Thank you so much for the links to Vicki Welsh. Seems full of really useful information. Signed up to follow. Found you through Linda Franz and now the trail continues.
This is great information and thanks so much to both of you for sharing the knowledge.
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2019-04-20T08:24:06Z
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https://ivoryspring.wordpress.com/2014/09/23/vickis-thoughts-on-pre-washing-or-not/
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| 0.374683 |
wordpress
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There will be a lot going on with multiple games, events and prizes (including outdoor gear, guns, trips…) Don’t get caught at home – come join in the fun!
The Wyoming Migration Initiative will be at the WWF annual fundraiser banquet. Learn more about the Initiative, about big game migration and about WWF’s work with the Initiative. Make your reservations for the WWF banquet now!
Members, bring a friend and you’ll be entered into a raffle drawing for a fabulous prize!
Reports from Burns, Oregon indicate that some community members condemn the violent tactics of the Bundy family and the militants but support their goals of turning American public lands over to private owners.
Without question, some in the West—including some citizens in Burns—share the view that the U.S. government’s ownership and management of the region’s public lands are to blame for economic challenges. Yet public opinion research indicates that this view is actually not shared widely in the region.
have grown at a faster rate than other areas in the West.
1) A majority of Westerners approve of the job federal land management agencies are doing.
A majority of Western voters approve of the job that the Bureau of Land Management, Forest Service, Fish and Wildlife Service, and National Park Service are each doing. Despite heavy criticism that the Bundy family and militants are directing at the BLM, only 23 percent of Western voters disapprove of the agency’s work.
2) Westerners support keeping public lands public.
a transfer of national public lands to state management, and instead believe that these places belong to all Americans.
3) Public lands are an asset, not a drain on local economies.
91% of Western voters believe public lands are an essential part of their state’s economy. They provide a variety of economic benefits such grazing, oil drilling, recreation, and benefits that are not as easily monetizable (like option value). Economic research has shown that Western counties with more protected national public lands have added jobs more than four times faster than counties with fewer protected lands.
4) Many factors are to blame for the very real difficulties faced by the rural West.
Some resource-based economies are struggling because of myriad factors including globalization, the transition to a cleaner energy, and a Western economy increasingly based on knowledge and service industries. Some areas in the West are struggling. While public lands and land managers can be a convenient scapegoat, there’s no data to support the blame.
5) Giving our American lands to the states or private interests is not a panacea for these problems.
The additional burden of managing millions of acres of public lands could break state budgets because the massive costs of fighting wildfires and cleaning up polluting mines would be transferred to state taxpayers. Grazing fees that ranchers pay would triple or quadruple at a minimum. A better option is to engage in collaborative efforts to manage public lands have worked, such as those that have taken place at the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge.
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2019-04-25T20:55:54Z
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https://lewcarpenter.wordpress.com/tag/public-lands/
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Porn
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Recreation
| 0.356184 |
wordpress
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It’s the centenary of the Battle of Jutland today – the first and only clash of the great fleets during the First World War.
HMS Orion during the First World War. Public Domain, via Wikipedia.
On the misty afternoon of 31 May 1916, off the coast of Denmark, the British and German fleets came to blows in classic form: a tussle between their lighter battlecruiser forces, then – as dusk came on – the main fleets collided in two brief bursts of fire, during which the British sent the Germans packing. Twice.
My great uncle was in the middle of it, aged 21, on board the super-dreadnought HMS Orion. He was stationed in the forward Transmitting Station, where he used a Navyphone to relay spotting details from the foretop to the men running the Dumaresq trigonometric computer and the Dreyer Fire Control Table – a Heath Robinson array of cogs and bicycle chains that calculated exactly where to point the guns. Mostly: it ran a shade slower than real time.
SMS Derfflinger, firing a salvo. Public domain, Wikipedia.
Jutland was the last large sea battle controlled with flag and light signals, where commanders relied on reports from far-flung scouting cruisers. It was the only clash of the main fleets during the First World War. And it was the first time those colossal products of industrial science and imperial wealth – the dreadnoughts – came to blows with each other, as they had been designed to do.
It was one of the crucial battles of the war. The Western Front stood in deadlock; but if Britain lost command of the sea, there was little to stop Germany launching an invasion – or, more likely (and cheaply), severing British trade routes and cutting her off from the Continent. That would effectively knock Britain out of the war.
Only Admiral Sir John Jellicoe’s Grand Fleet stood in the way: and the Grand Fleet was vastly superior to the German equivalent, the High Seas Fleet under Vice-Admiral Reinhard Scheer. However, Scheer had plans to whittle that down, variously with U-boat ambushes and by isolating part of the British force.
HMS Queen Mary blows up at Jutland, as seen from the German lines. Public domain, Wikimedia Commons.
Jellicoe was well aware that he faced the risk of a mass torpedo attack – also whittling down his superiority – a threat that eventuated during the second brief fleet engagement at Jutland, around 6.30 pm on 31 May. His standing instructions called for a turn away, so the ships presented smaller targets and were moving away from the threat. When it had passed, Scheer’s fleet had faded into the misty dusk.
Jellicoe intended to renew the engagement next day – eschewing a night battle for the same reasons as he had avoided the torpedo attack. His fleet was between the Germans and their base. However, Scheer steamed for a different route through the minefields protecting the German coasts, towards Horns Reef. The High Seas Fleet consequently barged past the tail of the British fleet at night, and escaped. British light forces were heavily engaged, but nobody reported to Jellicoe where the Germans were. Nor did he consider a decrypted wireless intercept signalling for reconnaissance off Horns Reef to be credible.
So the British were robbed of a second ‘Glorious First of June’ in which the battered German fleet would certainly have suffered heavy losses. In the controversy that followed, higher British material losses on 31 May gave the impression of defeat, and the ‘Jutland controversy’ raged through the 1920s. Critics declared that Jellicoe ‘should have’ turned towards the German torpedo attack – thus keeping the Germans in sight for a few crucial minutes, enough probably to sink or disable the leading German dreadnoughts, which had already taken a pounding.
Jellicoe himself was under a cloud as a result of this and his 1917 mis-handling of the U-boat threat, and in 1919 was packed off to New Zealand as its new Governor-General (where my wife’s grandmother was among his staff). But the fact was that he had done everything right. His strategic objective wasn’t to annihilate the German fleet – which wouldn’t have made any difference to the war – but to maintain British sea command. And he did that in spades: on 1 June, the only fleet at sea was the British one. That said it all. The Germans had, as one paper put it, assaulted their jailer, but they hadn’t escaped their prison.
Jutland, in short, was an overwhelming British strategic victory. It was also a clash of the highest technologies at the time – a high-tech battle, First World War style. To me the gulf between the dreadnoughts and Nelson’s wooden-walled fighting sail of a century earlier was profound – far more so than the gap between today’s warships and the dreadnoughts, not least because both the dreadnoughts and today’s ships are self-propelled metal-built vessels. Thoughts? Let’s discuss in the comments.
If you’re interested in more, I’ve covered the story of Jutland – and more – in my book Blue Water Kiwis. Check it out. Now. On Kindle.
People these days under appreciate the technological changes of the early 20th Century. In one lifetime there was the introduction of electrified homes, telephones, moving pictures, automobiles, airplanes, tanks, and so many other advances. As with the comparison between our ships today and the dreadnoughts of the First World War, we’re talking about improvements more than entirely new ideas.
The dreadnoughts were the very highest tech of their day – and definitely far closer to modern ships than to the ‘wooden walls’ of Nelson’s day. They had stuff in them – even down to electric lighting and cooking facilities – that we take for granted today but which were usually unknown in ordinary homes then. I have seen eyewitness accounts of NZ soldiers at Gallipoli going on board the brand new super-dreadnought the British sent for fire support and boggling at the technology.
Something that I failed to appreciate until it was pointed out was that the world’s experience with essentially modern battleships like this was almost nil. I suppose there was the Battle of Tsushima and then this, and that isn’t much to learn from.
The biggest difference, of course, between Trafalgar and Jutland, was the reliance on wind and the constraints it imposed on tactics. This entirely changed the fighting style of a sail-powered ship-of-the-line from that of a dreadnought that could steam in any direction it wanted. However, between the dreadnought and today’s warship, the advent of air-power and warfare at huge distances have also invoked similarly remarkable changes in fighting tactics.
Yes. While the fact of 1916 and 2016 ships being steel-built (or similar), self-propelled and equipped with guns has been a constant – albeit with improvements all along the way – the other aspects of naval warfare have been revolutionised. A lot of the difference between Jutland and today is to do with fire control and the ability to project lethal force over distance. Although I believe a modern AShM would have trouble sinking a battleship – apparently the Soviets worried about the USS Missouri and her sisters when the US revamped them in the 1980s, because they had nothing heavy enough, just then, to get through the armour. Though I suppose enough P-700 Granits would swamp the close-in defences and knock a battleship out as an effective fighting unit even if it stayed afloat.
Great post! Did you ever have the chance to talk with your great uncle about his experiences?
It is hard to fathom (pun unintended) how much was at stake for both sides yet how few precedents there were to draw upon. Similar to the first carrier battles in the Pacific.
I do wonder how much the naval battles of the Russo-Japanese War and perhaps also the often overlooked First Sino-Japanese War influenced the decisions made by naval commanders in the First World War. They weren’t dreadnoughts, but were perhaps the closest thing to a precedent. I recall reading about one battle in the First Sino-Japanese War which was fought between ships that had been built in Germany, France and Britain. There were a number of very curious international observers!
I talked a lot with him about it as a kid. He knew all about the fire control systems – after Jutland he ended up on Repulse running the rangefinder. Yes, the Tsushima experience was widely viewed as validating (or invalidating) the rival national design philosophies – British and French. Every incident was pored over though some of the lessons were askew with hindsight and more experience. It is an indictment of the pace of change of the time that – by contrast with the age of ‘wooden walls’ nobody quite knew how these products of the industrial age would quite work in practise – or how to fight them.
This is great stuff. A clash of titans. Love the details of this. Jellicoe really did do things correctly. If he’d been too aggressive with Britain’s astoundingly expensive capital ships and got them sunk, history would say something different about him, and it wouldn’t be nice. Command of the seas is what Britain needed, and ultimately this led to victory.
He never put a foot wrong. He knew what he was doing on many levels – had been on the design committee for the original Dreadnought, so he knew the technical capabilities of his ships completely. My wife’s grandmother later worked for Jellicoe whrn he was Governor General here in NZ. Apparently he was a very nice guy in person – kind and thoughtful – whereas his wife was an ‘old Tartar’.
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2019-04-25T10:45:44Z
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https://mjwrightnz.wordpress.com/2016/05/31/its-a-century-today-since-the-great-clash-of-dreadnoughts/
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Porn
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Computers
| 0.376166 |
wordpress
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Yesterday I implemented N+1 HA configuration on my lab with Cisco 2504 WLC. Earlier tried to find a guide especially for 2504 Controller but didn’t get on Cisco web. That’s the reason I thought to create a post about this, may be it will be helpful for others.
The N+1 HA setup provides redundancy for controllers across separate data centers with low cost of deployment.
These WLCs are independent of each other and do not share configuration or IP addresses on any of their interfaces. Each WLC needs to be managed separately, can run a different hardware and a different software version, and can be deployed in different datacenters across the WAN link.
We must configure and manage both WLC separately.
When a primary WLC resumes operation, the APs fall back from the backup WLC to the primary WLC automatically if the AP fallback option is enabled.
Step1: Configure both WLC’s and just make sure the hostname and IP address used for management and the dynamic interfaces are different.
Step2: Go to Primary Controller GUI and navigate to Wireless > Access Points > Global Configuration, then configure the backup controller on the primary to point to the secondary controller.
Step3: Configure High Availability to input Primary and Backup controller IP Address at Wireless AP.
Go to Wireless > Access Point > All APs, select specific AP and then Click on High Availability tab.
Enter the primary WLC, secondary WLC IP and name here. Make sure that the WLC name we entered on the AP high availability tab is correct and is case sensitive.
Step4: Configure Mobility Group on both Primary and Secondary Controllers.
Go to Primary WLC GUI then navigate to Controller > Mobility Management > Mobility Groups and then click on new, enter the details of secondary controller.
Go to Secondary WLC GUI then navigate to Controller > Mobility Management > Mobility Groups and then click on new, enter the details of Primary controller.
Go to Secondary Controller GUI and navigate to Controller then enable the AP Fallback (Enable on both WLC) & HA SKU secondary unit from drop down option.
Execute the config redundancy unit secondary command to obtain support for Max AP count licenses on a given hardware.
(WLC2) >config redundancy unit ?
After this entire configuration we must save the config by Save configuration via GUI or save config from CLI on Both WLCs .
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2019-04-23T06:00:52Z
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https://rscciew.wordpress.com/category/high-availability/
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Porn
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News
| 0.533655 |
typepad
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Communities can take hundreds of steps to reduce emissions from motor vehicles and green their transportation systems. Some of the better ones: use hybrid fleets; create "Safe Routes to School" projects and participate in "Walk to School Week"; appoint a cycling coordinator, build bicycle lanes, and provide for widespread bicycle parking; and provide a jitney bus service to get commuters to the train. For more information, see Walkable Communities and Walktoschool.org. For information on the new Jitney programs in New Jersey, click here.
Ecosystems do not respect municipal borders and, unfortunately, municipalities have generally returned the favor. Communities, however, can band together to create biotic corridors that maintain important ecosystems and biodiversity. Recently, the Metropolitan Conservation Alliance of the Wildlife Conservation Society has worked with the New York towns of Lewisboro, Pound Ridge and North Salem to preserve habitats spanning 22,000 acres known as the Eastern Westchester Biotic Corridor. The New York towns of Cortlandt, Putnam Valley and New Castle just reached a similar agreement for the Croton-to-Highlands Biotic Corridor.
The New York Constitution states that "the policy of the state shall be to conserve and protect its natural resources and scenic beauty," and the State grants broad authority for localities to enact environmentally-friendly laws. Comprehensive plans and other local laws can protect sensitive areas and native plant species, implement water use and conservation goals, protect trees, and require environmental mitigation measures. Cluster zoning can limit a development's footprint and maintain more contiguous open space. Incentive zoning can encourage developers to use renewable energy, energy efficiency, reduced impervious surfaces, and maintain native vegetation.
In March 2006 the Oakland, CA, City Council adopted a "Zero Waste" goal by 2020 and commissioned the creation of a "Zero Waste" Strategic Plan. Oakland has already achieved the 50% waste reduction goal mandated by California law, primarily through residential recycling collection programs and free market recycling services available to businesses. As opposed to traditional waste management principles, the "Zero Waste" strategy presumes that products are designed to be repaired, reused or recycled, and so that no waste is a threat to planetary, animal or plant health. Communities can strive toward "Zero Waste" by implementing policies to reduce (promote low-impact or reduced-consumption lifestyles, and reduce volume and toxicity of waste); reuse (foster use of discarded materials to stimulate and drive local economic growth); and recycle (improve "downstream" recycling of end of life products and materials to ensure highest and best use).
On a simpler level, municipalities can mandate municipal purchasing of recycled products such as paper. Communities can also create a materials exchange program for items such as computers and chemicals, or give incentives to reduce waste by charging residents based upon the amount of waste they generate with "pay as you throw" programs. Local laws should also insure that communities use "dual steam" recycling, meaning that paper and cardboard is separated at the curbside from bottles, cans and plastic. There is an unfortunate trend toward mixing all recycled waste in a "single stream," which is less expensive for haulers, but undermines the value of the recycling (paper with glass shards, for example, cannot be recycled).
In his new book, "The Small-Mart Revolution," Michael Shuman argues that local businesses create a vibrant local economy with more local jobs and wealth.
A strong local economy also reduces transportation, and makes it easier for a community to maintain high environmental and labor standards (local businesses won't move simply to find a place with less protective laws).
And because shorter supply lines substantially reduce emissions (most food travels 1500-2000 miles before eaten), Bill Mckibben has said that local business may "be one of the keys to containing global warming." Municipalities can support local business by implementing local purchasing preferences, instituting "buy local first" campaigns, providing local business directories and training, and removing subsidies and other benefits for non-local businesses.
Large box stores and shopping malls are a particular problem. They contain huge impervious surfaces, lead to more driving by shoppers, and result in longer supply chains in the delivery of their products. Localities can enact size ordinances limiting the size of single retail stores and shopping malls. Localities may also require that new retail stores undergo special review if they exceed a particular size, or generate substantial vehicular traffic. The Institute for Local Self Reliance has put together an excellent BigBoxToolKit to help communities keep out big box stores, or reduce their footprint.
Local business networks are cropping up around the country. For example, in the Hudson Valley in New York, the newly formed Hudson Valley Sustainable Business Network, a project of Sustainable Hudson Valley, is working on a wide range of projects to support the local economy. The Business Alliance for Local Living Economies is an alliance of 37 independently operated local business networks with more than 12,000 members dedicated to building local living economies.
Act Locally: Ten Steps Toward Sustainability -- What is Sustainability?
Sustainability sounds complicated but it's actually something every child understands: leave your place as nice as you find it. More formally, it is sometimes defined as meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Environmental sustainability can often be measured by looking at a societies' "ecological footprint."
Redefining Progress, a major sustainability non-profit, uses "ecological footprint" to compare humanity's natural resource consumption rates (its use of resources and waste disposal) to nature's regenerative capacity. Society is presumed to be operating sustainably if its footprint does not exceed the Earth's natural regenerative capacity. In 2004, the United States consumed approximately twice its natural regenerative capacity and its per capita consumption significantly exceeded that of any other country. Businesses are frequently considered sustainable if they follow a triple bottom line with equal concern for people and planet, as well as for profits.
According to a World Wildlife Fund (WWF) report issued this week (story), people are stripping nature at an unprecedented rate and will need two planets' worth of natural resources every year by 2050 on current trends. According to WWF Director-General James Leape, "If everyone around the world lived as those in America, we would need five planets to support us."
"Think globally and act locally" remains the perfect creed for communities seeking a sustainable future. With the federal government in denial, most of the innovative work for sustainability in the United States today is occurring on a state and local level.
Local action has great benefits. Citizens can best identify local problems and opportunities given their political, economic and social make-up. Local programs -- arising organically from the community -- can engage, educate and empower citizens more forcefully than directives from Washington or Albany. And local communities can serve as laboratories for small-scale experiments that, if successful, can be exported for widespread use.
In the Hudson Valley, New York, the City of Hudson just created a "Cool Cities Citizen Advisory Panel." The panel will focus on energy, infrastructure, municipal policy, community and intergovernmental partnerships, and "buy local first" economic development. In Westchester, a group of citizens recently formed a Sustainable Westchester Task Force and drafted a proposal (MS Word Doc) for community-wide sustainability planning to engage the county, local governments, schools, and the private sector.
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2019-04-19T18:24:46Z
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https://nylawline.typepad.com/greencounsel/sustainability/page/2/
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Porn
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Business
| 0.397806 |
uchicago
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Eddie Bocanegra, AM ’15, had a goal when he enrolled at the University of Chicago School of Social Service Administration. Bocanegra, a native of Chicago’s Little Village community, chose SSA because he wanted to create bridges between the communities where he works and institutions of privilege such as the University.
“By being part of an institution that is held in such high esteem, I hope to advocate for access to higher education at UChicago for students from minority communities, which typically face barriers to continuing their education,” he said.
Eddie, who has experienced violence from both sides, is an ex-offender. He received a Laurence Lynn Fellowship to support his studies at SSA as a Social Administration student who is also in the Violence Prevention program of study. He earned his undergraduate degree in Social Work from Northeastern Illinois University.
He worked with the Chicago CeaseFire organization and was featured in the film, “The Interrupters.” Eddie said he came to realize that simply fighting violence through direct intervention ignores the urban poverty, inequality, and exposure to trauma that are at its root. “When violence is treated like a symptomatic behavior, then the treatment penetrates at a superficial level,” he noted.
At SSA, violence prevention served as the unifying theme of his research and his field work. Eddie supported two research projects: Urban Warriors, a peer support group that brings together combat veterans and at-risk youth who have experienced trauma, and Social Media and Gangs, a project that examines content on such media as Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube in the attempt to distinguish credible threats from social media dialogue. He worked with Grady Osten-Gardner from the Adler School of Psychology on the first and with Desmond Patton, PhD ’12 from the University of Michigan School of Social Work on the second.
For his field placement, he worked with Enlace Chicago, an agency dedicated to making a difference in the lives of Little Village neighborhood residents by fostering a safe and healthy environment. Eddie worked directly with the agency’s executive director, Michael Rodriguez, AM ’07, on violence prevention programming.
His academic work included courses in violence prevention, and trauma and resilience. He credits a number of SSA faculty with helping him build on his personal experiences to succeed academically at SSA, citing Dean Neil Guterman; faculty Waldo E. Johnson, Jr., Charles M. Payne, Harold Pollack, Gina M. Samuels; and lecturer Mark Sanders.
In addition to his academic accomplishments, Eddie worked as the co-executive director of Youth Safety and Violence Prevention of the YMCA of Metro Chicago, a position he has continued since his graduation.
“I hope that my work there will bring me into contact with leaders in the Cook County Sheriff ’s Office or the Illinois Department of Corrections. I am very interested in developing programs to help current inmates and returning citizens.” He indicated he also is considering the possibility of working for a foundation in his next career move.
In looking forward to working in violence prevention, community safety, or criminal justice, Eddie said, “I have built upon my life experience to establish a professional career in working with victims and perpetrators of violence.” By looking at the root causes of violence through a social work lens, Eddie wants to instill hope, providing inspiration, optimism, and especially solutions.
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2019-04-25T20:29:10Z
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https://www.ssa.uchicago.edu/eddie-bocanegra-am-15
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Porn
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Business
| 0.225236 |
typepad
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Gomoku Takikomi Gohan - Five Ingredient Rice - mmm-yoso!!!
As I mentioned earlier, I'd made a pretty large amount of dashi around the holidays and needed to find a way to use it up. I decided on making a pretty common mixed rice dish called Gomoku Gohan. In fact, I've seen various frozen instant version of Gomoku Gohan, but making it yourself is pretty easy..... after all, it's just rice, right?
There a couple of key points I follow when making this dish; first, for once, I actually follow the rather draconian rules for making rice. That would be rinse, then drain the rice (koshihikari in this case) for 30-40 minutes in a colander. I also parcook the vegetables in my dashi-soy sauce-sugar mixture before mixing with the rice. I do my chicken separately. This is so I can taste the simmering liquid of the vegetables, and make adjustments. The flavoring of the rice can be pretty bland, so getting the simmering liquid up to your tastes is imperative.
4 dried shiitake mushrooms, soaked in 1 1/2 cups hot water, sliced.
- Place the liquid in a pot, add vegetables and simmer.
- Add 3Tb Shoyu, 3tsp sugar, and mirin and simmer for 1-2 minutes.
- Place a sieve or strainer over a large bowl or pot.
- Pour the contents of the pot into the strainer, letting the simmering liquid drain into the bowl.
- Let everything cool completely.
- Rub the chicken with sake and soy sauce and let stand for 10 minutes.
- Place the rice in the cooker.
- Add the vegetables and chicken, and mix lightly with the rice.
- Pour the simmering liquid into the rice pot, until the correct liquid level is reached. Use dashi if more liquid is required.
- Once rice has cooker has turned off let the rice stand covered for 15-20 minutes.
- Mix the rice well before serving.
Looks great! Makes me crave a bowl of hot miso soup..
Thanks for the rice advice! Must be genetic or something, but I'm always screwing it up no matter how precise I am with my measurements. Don't get me wrong, the rice is passable, just not perfect (especially when it needs to be on the dry side for fried rice or something like this).
Somehow, it never occurred to me that one could make this from scratch. I've only ever tried the packaged versions. Your version looks really good.
Hi Dennis - I needed to use up all the dashi I made, so this seemed like a good thing to make.
Hi Jan - You noticed that I didn't use any precise liquid measurements for my rice.... I just kinda eyeball the whole thing. It seems based on your previous comments that you tend to plan things out.... so perhaps you can plan to have day old rice for your fried rice.
Hi Lynnea - Thanks! BTW, this recipe can be halved.
Looks good. I knew rice had to be rinsed, but I didn't know to drain it for 30 minutes. Will have to give it a try. Do you use an electric rice cooker?
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2019-04-19T13:09:35Z
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https://mmm-yoso.typepad.com/mmmyoso/2010/02/gomoku-takikomi-gohan-five-ingredient-rice.html
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.144738 |
livejournal
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I'm going to start going Brown on Star Wars information until further notice. Not full Black where I delete every Star Wars related site from my Feeds and Lists and Bookmarks, but Brown where I keep them from appearing in my News Feed, tucking away the Bookmarks in a folder so I'm not tempted to click on them, not listening to the podcasts, but not deleting them from my podcast library.
Anyway, I'm a little disappointed that Episode 7 won't come out near the traditional release date. It'll take some of the buzz out of Celebration Anaheim, but it should still be a fun and exciting gathering. At least pushing it back to December won't make it feel like it is being rushed out.
Truthfully, I've never expected a Sequel Trilogy, probably never even wanted a Sequel Trilogy, so I have no idea what I want or even expect to get from these movies! Hopefully, being as far in the dark as I possibly can will help me enjoy the eventual results.
I hate hate hate seeing tidbits "revealed" online, as most of them are "casting calls" and rumors released way too early. I don't want to know anything until it's been officially released!
I've never wanted a Sequel trilogy either. I love the movies as they are and they are always there to rewatch. For me, Star Wars lives on in the books, comics, video games, and the friends I've met on forums and conventions.
Star Wars is what you make it, no matter how you include the movies, books, comics, games, or cartoons into your own personal Fan Universe. For me, I don't go beyond the NJO books in my personal Star Wars canon, and while I enjoy the comics, they're not Official Canon according to me. We'll see when it comes to the new movies. If I like them, I'll say, "The books? They're an alternative universe. I like them too." It should be fun.
Plus, with the release being 6 months after Celebration, we may not be completely spoiled while we're there.
Well, for me, Star Wars is all of that. My canon is everything that I've read or played, and I will have a hard time with the sequels if they mess with that canon in any significant way. I am really contemplating not seeing the sequels if they completely dismiss the EU.
I hate to break it to you, but they're completely dismissing the EU.
I've heard that, but until it's officially released by Lucasfilm, I'm still holding out. But I'm thinking more and more I don't think I can watch these.
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2019-04-24T12:46:37Z
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https://knight-ander.livejournal.com/331334.html
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Porn
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Games
| 0.358919 |
wordpress
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From Public School to Homeschooling – You can do it!!!
Ok….so I am at the beach with your church’s youth group. Internet connection is really “iffy.” Once again, I am basically unplugged without planning on being unplugged. And once again, the Lord knows best!!!! He is truly amazing.
Today I have a guest post over at Gricefully Homeschooling about our journey from public school to homeschooling.
If you have a minute today, I would appreciate prayers for the church groups at Student Life in Orange Beach. Lord, please speak clearly to each of these kids today. Help them to have the discernment to recognize that You are moving among them and within each of the them!!!
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2019-04-26T02:09:57Z
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https://byhisdesign5.wordpress.com/2012/07/11/from-public-school-to-homeschooling-you-can-do-it/
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Porn
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Kids
| 0.937422 |
galeon
|
Getting a free online quote for Property Insurance from Aviva Home Insurance takes just a few minutes, and you can then store your quote online at the Aviva website for future reference, or to compare with other Property Insurance providers, for example.
However, don't just look at the cost of the insurance cover, look at the benefits which Aviva Home & Contents Insurance offer too; for instance, you can call the Aviva Home & Contents Insurance UK claims team 24 hours a day, seven days a week, and you'll be given a personal claim manager who will see through your specific claim from start to finish. Aviva Home & Contents Insurance has also been awarded a 5 Star Rating by Defaqto so you rest easy that you are buying quality cover; not every insurance company can say that!
Also, amongst other great features, with Aviva 5 Star Home Insurance, if your property suffers a break-in, resulting in damage which makes it unsafe or insecure, Aviva Home & Contents Insurance will despatch a tradesperson to your home within two hours of your call to make it safe and secure again.
Home Insurance Claims Advice ; Home Insurance Over 50 ; Home Insurance for Flood Risk Areas ; Age Concern Home Insurance ; Home Insurance for Over 50S ; Flood Home Insurance ; Countrywide Home Insurance ; Home Insurance Compare ; As Home Insurance ; Home Insurance Prices ; Home Insurance Broker ; Home and Building Insurance ; Home Insurance for Tenants ; Home and Content Insurance ; Home Insurance Unoccupied Property ; Home Insurer Reviews ; Liverpool and Victoria Home Insurance ; Renovation Insurance ; House Building Insurance ; Insurance Price Comparison ; Compare Cheap Home Insurance ; Home Contents Insurance Quotes ; Home & Buildings Insurance ; Cheap House Contents Insurance ; Car Insurance Quote Online … amongst other things.
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2019-04-20T18:19:22Z
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http://www.galeon.com/insurance/aviva.uk/aviva_home_141.html
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Porn
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Home
| 0.955258 |
mikomi
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Going for an exclusive tip on a bounty, Spike discovers that the bar he's to get this information at is full of other bounty hunters looking for the same tip! This soon leads to an old fashioned bar room brawl. Meanwhile, Faye has better luck tracking the bounty, but manages to screw it up and fails to nab him. With the help of the space-trucker VT, Spike and Faye pursue thier prey with explosive results.
This is a pretty fun episode. I liked the idea of long haul truckers in space! VT was a great guest character.
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2019-04-25T02:10:12Z
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https://anime.mikomi.org/episode/175/7.html
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.32419 |
wordpress
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What Books or Movies Inspired You to Travel?
Always on the lookout for my weekly topics, I was drawn in by another blogger’s title question above. I read her article which mentioned books like Eat Pray Love and Around the World in Eighty Days and tried to think what my own answer would be. Days later, I have come up with only two answers to that question, and they actually answer a different question.
I could have answered other questions, such as “What book or movie has aroused fascination about another place?” The problem is that though the destinations fascinated me, the portrayal was vivid enough that I definitely did not want to go there.
This is the country home which Zhivago and his family retreat to. Bring blankets!
saw it on the big screen. Omar Sharif and Julie Christie were both amazingly handsome, but it was the landscape and endless expanses of snow that made the biggest impression (even on Labor Day weekend). Zhivago gets up at night to write with fingerless gloves at a desk surrounded by frost-covered windows? How can his bottle of ink not be frozen? Add in the crushing realities for the gentry of accommodation to the Revolution and you have one fascinating but not particularly attractive alternate world.
Another movie which opened my eyes to a world of possibilities was The Inn of the Sixth Happiness (1958, watch it on YouTube). Based on a true story, this tells of an Englishwoman who incorporates herself happily into life in a Chinese village, only to be thrust into the role of evacuation leader for the village children during the war between China and Japan. As with Zhivago, I found the story captivating but hardly inviting.
My list could go on. A Town Like Alice (TV mini-series, 1981) about prisoners of war in Malaysia and beyond. Maybe it was Bryan Brown that captivated me, but I did not want to be there and do that! And Lawrence of Arabia (1962), ditto.
I hope each of you has some inspiring answer to the title question! My list is getting depressing.
There are two books I have read recently, after a travel decision was made, and I am happy for both stories. In November we are going on a Rhine river cruise. My husband has not spent any amount of time in Paris so we are going there for a few days before the cruise.
The first Paris story I picked up to prepare myself was The Bishop and the Beggar Girl of St. Germain by Andrew M. Greeley. This is a light mystery featuring a Chicago-based bishop, and I more or less solved it as soon as the disappearance was outlined. (Watch enough “Masterpiece Mystery” and you can do that.) It was enjoyable, familiarized me with a few place names, and made me curious to visit the Left Bank again.
Next, I got a copy of All the Light We Cannot See by Anthony Doerr (which takes place in Paris partially). Before long I was engrossed in the world of blind Marie-Laure and her father, just getting along in spite of difficulties as the clouds of WW II drew ever closer. The other half of the book (in alternate sections) is set in Germany, so that drew me in, as well, to consider whether we might be near any of Werner’s travels. It is one of the best books I have read in many years, and it certainly brought its locales to life in vivid detail. Then the other day as I was checking locations for our Paris hotel I stumbled across the National Museum of Natural History where Papa worked, and the Jardin des Plantes which Marie-Laure walked through on her way home. It was like the map lit up for me! I had assumed the book had enough basis in history to have used real places – or thinly disguised versions of them, but now I have to see these sites when we are in Paris. St. Malo (where the book ends) is out of the question for this trip, but who knows where our next trip might take us?
Please tell me the stories which have inspired or enlivened your travels. I need to expand my list!
This entry was posted in Travel, Uncategorized and tagged A Town Like Alice, All the Light We Cannot See, Bishop and the Beggar Girl of St. Garmain, books, Doctor Zhivago, Inn of the Sixth Happiness, Lawrence of Arabia, movies, travel. Bookmark the permalink.
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2019-04-19T18:42:13Z
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https://travelunites.wordpress.com/2015/09/10/what-books-or-movies-inspired-you-to-travel/
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.655788 |
tripod
|
Click on the pic of the actor/actress to see some pics of him/her.
Click on the links of the heroe to see some pics of the actor/actress in the x-uniforms.
MUTANT POWER: Heightened senses, super healing factor and retractable razor sharp bone claws.
From his history with the weapon-x program, his claws and skeleton were covered with indistructable adamantium, making his claws super lethal weapons.
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2019-04-21T10:31:49Z
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http://x-menplace.tripod.com/movie_wolverine.htm
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.572338 |
wordpress
|
I speak a lot about the Armor of God and about being clothed in righteousness. We are able to put on this armor and to be clothed in this righteousness only through God’s grace, only through the blood of Christ. From the very beginning, God made sure we were able to be dressed by Him.
When Adam and Eve brought sin into the world, defying the Word of God, they found themselves naked and ashamed. They hid themselves from God. Even before sin entered the world, God had a plan in place. He knew what was going to happen and He prepared a way. Redemption was always on His mind. YOU were always on His mind. His compassion we see as He dressed Adam and Eve with leather clothing He made so that they would no longer feel ashamed.
You don’t have to feel ashamed either. God has made a way for you—His name is Jesus Christ. If you believe in Him and accept His redemptive work on the Cross, it is by His blood that you are cleaned. You are redeemed. No longer should you feel ashamed. If you are still feeling ashamed, you have not given it all to God. Give it all to Him. Allow God to dress you. You have been redeemed. You have been bought with a price. Don’t forget that YOU have been dressed by God.
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2019-04-22T03:04:29Z
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https://4110fearnot.wordpress.com/tag/redemptive-plan/
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Porn
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News
| 0.12853 |
wordpress
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Today we’re featuring Ms. Rogna’s favorite book, Miss Peregrine’s Home for Peculiar Children, by Ransom Riggs. This NY Times bestseller is now a blockbuster movie directed by Tim Burton, master of the macabre. “The whole premise of starting with photos and morphing them into a story is so intriguing to me,” says Ms. Rogna. “The characters drew me into their circumstances quickly and I began to care about them.” If you’re looking for a scare-your -pants-off book, we think this one will do the trick (or treat).
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2019-04-26T10:22:39Z
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https://lfhslibrary.wordpress.com/2016/10/19/faculty-favorites-ms-rogna/
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Porn
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Home
| 0.901412 |
wordpress
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This chapbook, which I received through Goodreads’ First Reads, narrates an impressionistic picture of land, life and relationships in the far Northern Midwest. Each poem is individual, but in combination the themes recur and re-analyze.
In the previous week, I had also read and reviewed other poetry collections by Rae Armantrout, Frank Bidart, and Anne Boyer. I wanted to make sure that I was in a poetry frame of mind when I read the collection, which I read twice due to its particular invented form. Each poem in the collection [many of which had been previously published individually over the past 35 years] is written in the same form: a short prose-poetry “paragraph” of 4-5 sentences is followed by verse comprised of single, separated lines. There is no sense of stanza to any poems. The prose-poetry lines and the verse lines were usually, but not always on the same topic and often had differing POVs. The shared form between the poems bind the collection though the narration does not arc over the course of the collection.
There are some undoubtedly beautiful moments here. In the opening poem, “I Sit With You,” the verse section opens with the two lines, “No wind over the eighty-eight acre face of Lake Nothing,//No moon in the leaf stained water.” The repetition of the form iterates the stagnancy of the scene. The final three lines of the poem pull us back into this moment, “I sit with you, my silent wife,//Until the wind stirs and the ice forms//Between us and the lake.” The slow thrum of the spaced single lines works well here. I do not think it works equally well for every poem in the collection. But that is the form for every poem in the collection. The form binds the poem, perhaps inhibiting it.
Verse thrives in an economy of words. Possibly, a little latitude should exist for prose-poem passages. But, each of these 8 poems opens with a pronoun without an antecedent and remains largely vague through the first sentence. As I progressed through the collection, the form worked less well and eventually felt constraining if not jarring.
So, I re-read the entire collection. On the second read, I read every prose-poem section in a row to look for an collection-wide arc to explain the use of the form. Then I re-read all of the verse sections to do the same. Ultimately, I was disappointed by what I did not find.
This is my third entry in my series of poetry collection reviews having finished Watching the Spring Festival: Poems by Frank Bidart yesterday. Like the others, I had read this previously a few years back.
There is a sense of fun here, however. Or possibly a sound of fun, as in her ode to pigs, “Cloven by Cloven:” “I have dined on the deviled, the pickled, the rude:/bacon, baloney, barbecue, maws,//neckbones, ears, feet, knees./I sing the canned and the candied. . . .” Unfortunately, sounding fun and being fun can be two different things in my experience.
This is my second time reading this collection, the first being 5 years back in grad school. Last week I re-read and wrote a review for Up to Speed by Rae Armantrout. The second half of this collection salvaged my opinion and enjoyment of this collection ultimately adding the third star to this review. Clearly, not every poem is going to connect with every reader and this was my experience with this collection until I got to the longest included poem, “Ulanova at Forty-Six at Last Dances Before a Camera Giselle.” I found this poem exquisite. The opening section recreates the dance: “Many ways to dance Giselle, but tonight as you/watch you think that she is what art is, creature//who remembers//her every gesture and senses its relation to the time/just a moment before when she did something//close to it//but then everything was different so what she feels/now is the pathos of the difference. Her body//hopping forward//remembers the pathos of the difference. Each/hop is small, but before each landing she has//stepped through//many ghosts.” The poem expertly weaves in prose-poem sections that contemplate the desire to write this very poem, muse on the typical tragedies, and even quote contemporary reviews of the performance, all while reconstructing the dance.
I regret that more of the collection eluded me, but what spoke to me, moved me.
This is the second time I’ve read this collection, the first being in grad school five years back. It contains some moments of beauty scattered among the poems. From “The Fit:” “In a coming-of-age story/each dream/produces me://an ignorance/on the point of revelation.” Similarly in “Write Home,” she pens “In order to write/you must fall in love//with your own thought/every time.” I enjoy these rare moments and wish entire poems communicated as well to me. Like in the cited examples, her words about words and writing ring very true and clear. “‘When size really counts,’/the billboard says//showing the product/tiny,//in one corner,//so we need to search for it./Come find me.//I stand/behind these words.” [from “Almost”].
Overall I found the poems too vague. Pages would go by without an image that spoke to me. An early poem, “Afterlife,” colored my reading: “He always said my poems were lonely, as if each thing (word, person) stood still, waiting for meaning.” I wish I hadn’t found this an accurate description of the entire collection for me.
I read this book on the heels of finishing Red Rising (Red Rising Trilogy, #1) by Pierce Brown. Going from a fully developed sci-fi world to a YA-voiced urban fantasy that does not spend time defining its world tinted my read. As an adult, I do not particularly enjoy the YA-voice. I am also not familiar with the canon of vampire urban fantasy that this book relies on. I have no interest in reading or watching Twilight (Twilight, #1) by Stephenie Meyer, so maybe this was a bad pick for me.
However, I read the entire thing as I did want to know where it was going. Most plot points can be guessed a chapter or two before they happen; the same can be said of the significance of most of the characters. I did not enjoy that aspect.
There is a middle-ground that this book does not reach for in between informing the reader and getting too tell-y.
The best moment is witnessing the inside of a Jackal’s den. The character POV truly explored at this moment and shared the revelations with the reader. The entire book could have used more of that eye and voice.
Early sections of the book had me thinking of The City of Ember (Book of Ember, #1) by Jeanne DuPrau, the Harry Potter books by J.K. Rowling [mostly due to the author’s notes] and The Hunger Games Trilogy by Suzanne Collins. The latter deserves comparison, though I was glad that Red Rising quickly established how it was different than a fantasy. The story felt organic and more fully filled out its world than the Harry Potter and The Hunger Games series which was fully satisfying.
I was also appreciative of the story not being YA-voiced despite the youth of the protagonist.
Predictable plot and predictable characters irk me. I do not want to be continuously more in the know than the characters or else their discovery process can become tedious. This is not a problem here in the least. I discovered as the main character discovered. I was not able to guess at the deeper meaning and role of certain characters before they embraced or revealed that role. I truly have no idea where the second book will take me, and I love that fact.
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2019-04-19T06:31:25Z
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https://jaffalogue.wordpress.com/2014/08/
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.306134 |
wordpress
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My favorite item on this weeks BuyTheCase.net’s store flyer is Hershey’s Chocolate Syrup with Calcium. Ladies, is this the perfect product for us? Chocolate AND stuff for our bones in one delicious syrup? Life just doesn’t get any better than this! All I need now is a potato chip that can build muscle tone!
This entry was posted in bulk shopping, calcium, chocolate and tagged bulk shopping, Buy The Case, buythecase, BuyTheCase.net, calcium, chocolate syrup, groceries, Grocery, Hershey's Chocolate Syrup with Calcium, Sale, sales, savings, Special Offers, store flyer, warehouse shopping. Bookmark the permalink.
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2019-04-20T00:51:58Z
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https://buythecase.wordpress.com/2011/05/19/the-perfect-product/
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Porn
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Shopping
| 0.834295 |
wordpress
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This is not a super feminist work, but I don’t always want to review those! With that goal in mind, I want to share “Scary Godmother” by Jill Thompson with you. I have recently been trying out comic books and find I enjoy them, which doesn’t really surprise me. My one complaint about the genre is they are so expensive and I read them so fast! I started with X-men, but that has been so hard to find where to start after so many decades of comics. While I was looking for some X-men comics and being thoroughly confused, my eyes fell upon “Scary Godmother” and fell in love.
The volume I have now is, I suppose, the second one, but it is barely even noticeable. The basic idea is that Hannah, a human girl, finds her way* to the Fright Side and Scary Godmother. Scary Godmother is, well, a fairy godmother that seems to be infused with a healthy dose of Halloween Witch (her origin story is told in here!**). There are all sorts of Halloween beasties that live in the Fright Side. There are vampires, a skeleton that lives in the Scary Godmother’s closet, a under-the-bed monster (whose parents don’t approve of his job), a werewolf, vampires, of course, and many others. Each comic is about one of these character’s hijinx which inevitably involves the Scary Godmother. Each comic even comes with a snack recipe! I definitely plan to make the Swedish Spiders (page 55).
I absolutely love these comics. They are really cute stories and hilarious drawings. The characters are so much fun! I love how Jill Thompson does not make the Scary Godmother the fix-all. Sometimes she screws up and someone else saves her. I really do not know how I can give it enough of a glowing recommendation. It is just too brilliant. The only things I can even think to complain about is that the comic was in black and white, but there are some color pictures in the back, and I wanted more***. The black and white worked, though, so it is only a minor complaint bordering on an observation.
There are two things that I think are relevant to this blog, other than my desire to write about it. Those are that this is different from a traditional take on fairy godmothers and a positive portrayal of a witch (sort of). As for a different godmother, this is great for a girl who never wanted to be a princess! It would be awesome to have a fairy godmother and not have to deal with the ridiculousness of royalty being thrust on you. Here’s a fairy godmother for those of you not so in love with a want waving grandmother singing “Bibbdy-Bobbidy-Boo”. Not to mention having a best friend who could let you play with bats would be a dream come true!
I know that Scary Godmother is not completely a witch, but I think she is close enough. She does have a number of the stereotypical witchy things, like a cat, broomstick, potions, etc. However, she uses them to help the residence of the Fright Side and Hannah, not run around cursing people’s cows, crops and children. She is more of a traditional wise woman figure (what a lot of witches would prefer to be seen as), than she is the green faced hags you see at Halloween. There is certainly no mention of the devil or even and demons. Even though she is not really related to the modern real world witches, she is still a positive character who is broadening what people think of when they think of witches, which is certainly a positive thing.
It is also nice to see a take on vampires that is clearly modified from an old version. Not like Twilight, which is clearly an adaption on an adaption on another diluted adaption.
For anyone who likes or does not like comics, I recommend this. If you like Halloween, silly stories or cute drawings this is definitely worth a look. For those of my friends who may have a collection of “witchy” things, this is definitely worth a look. I could not put it down, which I have not been able to say for awhile, unfortunately.
*This is the only thing that is slightly confusing. How did she end up there? I believe that is explained in the earlier volume, but not knowing does not affect your enjoyment.
**I absolutely love origin stories. If I like the character, then I want to know every interesting thing that ever happened to them ever. That’s why the first comic I bought for X-men was X-men Origins.
***It is a good 300 pages long and contains 5 comics, some multi-parted, so don’t think you are actually getting cheated here.
This entry was posted in review and tagged bat, book, comics, fairy godmother, jill thompson, review, scary godmother, skeleton, the Fright Side, tom boy, vampire, werewolf, witch, witches, x-men. Bookmark the permalink.
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2019-04-24T11:02:42Z
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https://notsoangryfeminist.wordpress.com/2011/07/20/review-scary-godmother-comic-book-stories-by-jill-thompson/
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.14255 |
yahoo
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Me and my friend are trying to come to a conclusion who is best. Who does everybody prefer?
I love queen but only with Freddie.
Both are great, but Queen is the greatest!
Both are awesome. They are classics in their own way. I actually prefer Queen because to me Freddie Mercury is the greatest lead singer.
No preference. They are from different eras. I would not compare them to each other.
I like Queen a lot and they were influential but nowhere near the phenomenon that was The Beatles. There can be no "best" when it comes to the arts though, it's not a competition. But if you wanted to say who had a bigger impact on modern culture or on music, the answer would clearly be The Beatles.
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2019-04-26T07:42:21Z
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https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20190324210512AA0bWcQ
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Porn
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Arts
| 0.996255 |
wordpress
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This entry was posted in General updates and tagged Christmas, Cold Process, CP Soap, Drop swirl, handmade soap, Soap, soapmaking, summer, Swirls by Vicki. Bookmark the permalink.
drool! You candycane soap looks delicious! And yes! It will be nice seeing you in my inbox more often!
Thank you lovely – I’m back on it!
Get you with your winning entries at the show, that’s brilliant!
Congrats on your big win! How exciting! The cookies look tasty too! And the candy cane soap is so beautiful! Your house must smell amazing!
Congratulations on all your baking wins! How exciting!
I would love if you posted your recipe for the Viennese Fingers – yummy!!
FYI: I’ve hit the subscribe button 2-3 times (over a month ago and again just today), but your posts never end up in my mail box…so I guess I will just have to try to check back more often.
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2019-04-26T16:49:01Z
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https://thesoapmine.wordpress.com/2017/08/31/i-seem-to-have-lost-a-month/
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.175324 |
wordpress
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For me, Vienna was a squalid disappointment on many fronts. The most romantic city in the world? Better stick to the square kilometer in the centre then.
I thought Vienna would salvage its reputation with its old European charms and quality beer. So much potential: I even liked the name; “The Beer Clinic”, how whimsical! But none of the chthonic, ancient, rustic Central European charm, so resplendent in Prague, can be found in Gösser Bierklinik.
Often great bars have an unremarkable frontage, but at the Bierklinik, this rather set the tone for the evening. We asked the impatient waiter for a beer recommendation and were left lumbered with bloody Gösser. This piss-water is the Heineken of Austria, and surely has the friendliest profit margin.
Unremarkable. Played heavily on the historic, medieval theme, but in this respect can’t hold a candle to the average old Prague pub.
We asked for a recommendation, and were treated to Gösser pils; the Heineken of Austria.
There are much better bars of this style in Vienna, and a remarkable new one in 1516, so this inclusion is unfathomable.
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2019-04-23T16:33:34Z
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https://perfectbeers.wordpress.com/tag/historic/
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.160953 |
wordpress
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‘You look well’. Three words I struggled with during Eating Disorder recovery. You see, someone saying, ‘You look well’ means it with the greatest of intentions. It’s like saying, ‘You look good; You look nice’ – why should that be insulting?
For me, this was another way Anorexia fooled me. The thoughts twisted this phrase completely – this is how it went in my head… ‘They just said you look well…They haven’t seen you since before you regained weight…That means they’re saying you look healthier…That means you’re looking bigger…Really they’re just saying you’re fat.’ What?!? Looking back, I’m thinking, ‘What a sneaky thing my ED was to turn a simple compliment into an insult’. But at the time, someone telling me I looked ‘well’ could get me really upset, depending on what sort of day I was having in my head.
The thing is, Anorexia Nervosa (and any Eating Disorder) is a mental illness with physical symptoms -ie. losing weight is a symptom of Anorexia Nervosa. Therefore, I think when people told me I looked ‘well’ during my first few months of recovery (and Eating Disorder recovery can be a very lengthy process), apart from the fact that my ED turned this phrase into an insult, it upset me because I did not feel well at all mentally.
Once I was in the ED clinic system, I regained weight fast – my parents followed the dieticians meal plan for me to the letter. I by no means was wanting to eat and put on this weight, but the fear of a long term hospital admission kept me going. Within a relatively short time period of ‘re-feeding’ I was almost at my ‘healthy range’ – and believe me, that was scary. After losing weight for 6 months, leading to being severely underweight, and then regaining almost all of this quite quickly – it was terrifying. (That was when things physically went downhill again, but I’ll talk about that another time.) I know now that I needed to gain this weight at that point to save my body from long term damage after what I’d been putting it through, so I am thankful for the help I received. However, at the time, the fact that I looked physically healthy, but mentally was only just coming to terms with the fact that there was a problem, never mind an Eating Disorder, and then being told I looked ‘well’ when mentally I was deteriorating to my worst…it was hard.
Ever heard of the phrase ‘Never judge a book by its cover’? Well, that’s what Eating Disorder recovery can be like. Yes, there can be phases where a sufferer is severely underweight and looks unwell – you may think ‘that person has an eating problem’ and you may be right! However, there can also be stages where the sufferer has regained sufficient weight to be classified as ‘physically healthy’ and doesn’t look unwell – but that person could be in absolute mental torture because of their Eating Disorder. To you they may look ‘still slim, but healthy slim’, while their ED tells them they are ‘far too big and absolutely disgusting’. They could be struggling with the fact they are ‘healthy’ because Anorexia Nervosa almost always wants her prisoners to be significantly underweight – that is ‘doing well’ in her book.
An A.N. sufferer who is ‘physically healthy’ can be severely unwell mentally. ‘Miss A.N.’ likes to torture ED sufferers in recovery by saying, ‘You’re massive! Look how big you’ve become… Don’t eat that, or you’ll put on weight!…Go exercise right now, or you’ll get even bigger’. Let me tell you, none of these things are true, because A.N. is a lier – but, to the sufferer it is real and scary. Therefore, being told they look ‘well’ can be rather distressing, because a) they feel like everyone thinks they are ‘better’ now they’ve put on weight, while inside they are screaming because of the ED’s torment, and b) because of ‘its’ sneaky ways to change ‘You look well’ into ‘You look big’.
It’s hard to get your head around, I know – and really, Eating Disorder thoughts do not generally make sense, because they are so twisted and devious. I thought this was something I should write about however, and raise awareness, because honestly, if I hadn’t lived through an ED, I probably wouldn’t see any harm at all with saying the 3 words You.Look.Well. Also, let me highlight that this is from my experience – different ED sufferers have their ED torment them in different ways, so not all sufferers may struggle/have struggled with this…however, I do know some people who have been through ED recovery who have struggled with this.
Also, for people going through ED recovery who are struggling with the phrase ‘You look well’, try to remember that your ED is just twisting people’s words. The person means it as a good thing. Saying ‘You look well’ doesn’t mean ‘You look big’. Also, the aim of recovery is to be healthy – physically and mentally. Healthy is good. Healthy is living a happy life where you have energy to have fun, eat meals and enjoy them with family/friends, being content in life and not tortured by the ED thoughts. Healthy is good. Healthy is not an insult.
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2019-04-20T14:21:55Z
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https://freedomhopeblog.wordpress.com/2017/01/31/healthy-is-not-an-insult/
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Porn
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Health
| 0.892648 |
wordpress
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A 16 size (case diameter 50mm) Waltham Silver Open Face Pocket Watch. The dial is a Limited Edition Evenlode Collectables original with the famous Daily Mail Express cartoon from 1939 when Britain stood alone against the Nazis. It shows a British Tommy standing on the shore shouting defiance at the enemy. A most moving and famous image. This dial has been hand-crafted in our workshops and is finished to a very high standard (see pictures). It is plastic (not paper!) and is harder wearing than enamel. All our dials are measured, constructed and fitted by hand (each movement is slightly different). The case is a lovely ALD (Aaron L Dennison) Silver case. Please note: This is a vintage watch fitted with a bespoke dial. All our watches are checked and, if necessary, cleaned and oiled before they leave Evenlode Collectables PLEASE NOTE: WE ALSO MAKE DIALS TO ORDER. WE WILL NEED A HIGH RESOLUTION IMAGE OF YOUR SUBJECT (RELATIVE, PET ETC). PLEASE CONTACT US IF YOU ARE INTERESTED.
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2019-04-25T08:53:51Z
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https://evenlodecollectables.wordpress.com/pocket-watches/antique-waltham-open-face-pocket-watch-w-very-well-alone-ww2-commemorative-dial-125/
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.476477 |
wikipedia
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Daniel Joseph Berrigan SJ (May 9, 1921 – April 30, 2016) was an American Jesuit priest, anti-war activist, Christian pacifist, playwright, poet, and author.
Like many others during the 1960s, Berrigan's active protest against the Vietnam War earned him both scorn and admiration, but it was his participation in the Catonsville Nine that made him famous. It also landed him on the Federal Bureau of Investigation's "most wanted list" (the first-ever priest on the list), on the cover of Time magazine, and in prison. His own particular form of militancy and radical spirituality in the service of social and political justice was significant enough, at that time, to "shape the tactics of resistance to the Vietnam War" in the United States.
For the rest of his life, Berrigan remained one of the United States' leading anti-war activists. In 1980, he founded the Plowshares movement, an anti-nuclear protest group, that put him back into the national spotlight. He was also an award-winning and prolific author of some 50 books, a teacher, and a university educator. He, along with his activist brother Philip Berrigan, was nominated in 1998 for the Nobel Peace Prize by 1976 laureate Mairead Maguire.
Berrigan was born in Virginia, Minnesota, the son of Frieda Berrigan (née Fromhart), who was of German descent, and Thomas Berrigan, a second-generation Irish Catholic and active trade union member. He was the fifth of six sons. His youngest brother was fellow peace activist Philip Berrigan.
At age 5, Berrigan's family moved to Syracuse, New York. In 1946, Berrigan earned a bachelor's degree from St. Andrew-on-Hudson, a Jesuit seminary in Hyde Park, New York. In 1952 he received a master's degree from Woodstock College in Baltimore, Maryland.
Berrigan was devoted to the Catholic Church throughout his youth. He joined the Jesuits directly out of high school in 1939 and was ordained to the priesthood on June 19, 1952.
Berrigan taught at St. Peter's Preparatory School in Jersey City from 1946 to 1949.
In 1954, Berrigan was assigned to teach French and theology at the Jesuit Brooklyn Preparatory School.[a] In 1957 he was appointed professor of New Testament studies at Le Moyne College in Syracuse, New York. The same year, he won the Lamont Prize for his book of poems, Time Without Number. He developed a reputation as a religious radical, working actively against poverty and on changing the relationship between priests and lay people. While at Le Moyne, he founded its International House.
While on a sabbatical from Le Moyne in 1963, Berrigan traveled to Paris and met French Jesuits who criticized the social and political conditions in Indochina. Taking inspiration from this, he and his brother Philip founded the Catholic Peace Fellowship, a group that organized protests against the war in Vietnam.
On October 28, 1965, Berrigan, along with the Rev. Richard John Neuhaus and Rabbi Abraham Joshua Heschel, founded an organization known as Clergy and Laymen Concerned About Vietnam (CALCAV). The organization, founded at the Church Center for the United Nations, was joined by the likes of Dr. Hans Morgenthau, Dr. Reinhold Niebuhr, Rev. William Sloane Coffin, and the Rev. Philip Berrigan, among many others. The Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., who delivered his 1967 speech Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence under sponsorship from CALCAV, served as the national co-chairman of the organization.
From 1966 to 1970, Berrigan was the assistant director of the Cornell University United Religious Work (CURW), the umbrella organization for all religious groups on campus, including the Cornell Newman Club (later the Cornell Catholic Community), eventually becoming the group's pastor.
Berrigan at one time or another held faculty positions or ran programs at Union Theological Seminary, Loyola University New Orleans, Columbia, Cornell, and Yale. His longest tenure was at Fordham (a Jesuit university located in the Bronx), where for a brief time he also served as poet-in-residence.
Berrigan appeared briefly in the 1986 Warner Bros. film The Mission, playing a Jesuit priest. He also served as a consultant on the film.
But how shall we educate men to goodness, to a sense of one another, to a love of the truth? And more urgently, how shall we do this in a bad time?
Berrigan, his brother and Josephite priest Philip Berrigan, and Trappist monk Thomas Merton founded an interfaith coalition against the Vietnam War and wrote letters to major newspapers arguing for an end to the war. In 1967, Berrigan witnessed the public outcry that followed from the arrest of his brother Philip, for pouring blood on draft records as part of the Baltimore Four. Philip was sentenced to six years in prison for defacing government property. The fallout he had to endure from these many interventions, including his support for prisoners of war and, in 1968, seeing firsthand the conditions on the ground in Vietnam, further radicalized Berrigan, or at least strengthened his determination to resist American military imperialism.
Berrigan traveled to Hanoi with Howard Zinn during the Tet Offensive in January 1968 to "receive" three American airmen, the first American prisoners of war released by the North Vietnamese since the U.S. bombing of that nation had begun.
In 1968, he signed the Writers and Editors War Tax Protest pledge, vowing to refuse to make tax payments in protest of the Vietnam War. In the same year, he was interviewed in the anti-Vietnam War documentary film In the Year of the Pig, and later that year became involved in radical non-violent protest.
The short fuse of the American left is typical of the highs and lows of American emotional life. It is very rare to sustain a movement in recognizable form without a spiritual base.
We confront the Roman Catholic Church, other Christian bodies, and the synagogues of America with their silence and cowardice in the face of our country's crimes. We are convinced that the religious bureaucracy in this country is racist, is an accomplice in this war, and is hostile to the poor.
Berrigan was arrested and sentenced to three years in prison, but went into hiding with the help of fellow radicals prior to imprisonment. While on the run, Berrigan was interviewed for Lee Lockwood's documentary The Holy Outlaw. The Federal Bureau of Investigation apprehended him on August 11, 1970 at the home of William Stringfellow and Anthony Towne. Berrigan was then imprisoned at the Federal Correctional Institution in Danbury, Connecticut until his release on February 24, 1972.
In retrospect, the trial of the Catonsville Nine was significant, because it "altered resistance to the Vietnam War, moving activists from street protests to repeated acts of civil disobedience, including the burning of draft cards." As The New York Times noted in its obituary, Berrigan's actions helped "shape the tactics of opposition to the Vietnam War."
On September 9, 1980, Berrigan, his brother Philip, and six others (the "Plowshares Eight") began the Plowshares movement. They trespassed onto the General Electric nuclear missile facility in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, where they damaged nuclear warhead nose cones and poured blood onto documents and files. They were arrested and charged with over ten different felony and misdemeanor counts. On April 10, 1990, after ten years of appeals, Berrigan's group was re-sentenced and paroled for up to 231/2 months in consideration of time already served in prison. Their legal battle was re-created in Emile de Antonio's 1982 film In the King of Prussia, which starred Martin Sheen and featured appearances by the Plowshares Eight as themselves.
Berrigan endorsed a consistent life ethic, a morality based on a holistic reverence for life. As a member of the Rochester, New York-area consistent life ethic advocacy group Faith and Resistance Community, he protested via civil disobedience against abortion at a new Planned Parenthood clinic in 1991.
We deal with very many gay Catholics who have felt terribly hurt and misused by the church. There are some people who want to be reconciled with the church and there are others who have great bitterness. So I try to perform whatever human or religious work that seems called for.
Berrigan published Sorrow Built a Bridge: Friendship and AIDS reflecting on his experiences ministering to AIDS patients through the Supportive Care Program at St. Vincent's Hospital and Medical Center in 1989. The Religious Studies Review wrote, "the strength of this volume lies in its capacity to portray sensitively the impact of AIDS on human lives." Speaking about AIDS patients, many of whom were gay, The Charlotte Observer quoted Berrigan saying in 1991, "Both the church and the state are finding ways to kill people with AIDS, and one of the ways is ostracism that pushes people between the cracks of respectability or acceptability and leaves them there to make of life what they will or what they cannot."
Although much of his later work was devoted to assisting AIDS patients in New York City, Berrigan still held to his activist roots throughout his life. He maintained his opposition to American interventions abroad, from Central America in the 1980s, through the Gulf War in 1991, the Kosovo War, the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan, and the 2003 invasion of Iraq. He was also an opponent of capital punishment, a contributing editor of Sojourners, and a supporter of the Occupy movement.
Berrigan has been considered by many to be a Christian anarchist.
Dar Williams' song "I Had No Right" from her album The Green World is about Berrigan and his trial.
January 25, 1971: Featured on the cover of TIME along with his brother Philip.
Adrienne Rich's poem "The Burning of Paper Instead of Children" makes numerous references to the Catonsville Nine and includes an epigraph from Daniel Berrigan during the trial ("I was in danger of verbalizing my moral impulses out of existence").
Berrigan was interviewed about his life and activism for: Kisseloff, Jeff (2006). Generation on Fire: Voices of Protest from the 1960s, an Oral History. University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 0-8131-2416-6. .
Berrigan appeared briefly in the 1986 Roland Joffé film The Mission, which starred Robert De Niro and Jeremy Irons.
Berrigan is named in a list of famous persons in a dialogue between Jack Lemmon and Laurie Heineman in the 1973 film Save the Tiger.
Berrigan's play The Trial of the Catonsville Nine (1970) premiered at the Lyceum Theatre in New York City on June 2, 1971. The original cast featured the talents of Biff McGuire, Michael Moriarty, Josef Sommer, Sam Waterston, and James Woods, among others. Gordon Davidson received a 1972 Tony Award nomination for his direction of the play.
The Trial of the Catonsville Nine was adapted in a 1972 film of the same name, produced by Gregory Peck and starring Ed Flanders as Berrigan.
Berrigan is interviewed in Emile de Antonio's 1968 Vietnam War documentary In the Year of the Pig.
Berrigan is featured in Emile de Antonio's 1983 film In the King of Prussia, also starring fellow activist Martin Sheen.
Berrigan's involvement with the Catonsville Nine is explored in the 2013 documentary Hit & Stay.
The character of Father Corrigan in the novel Let The Great World Spin (2009, by Colum McCann), was inspired by the life of Berrigan.
Berrigan was interviewed for a television documentary called, "The Holy Outlaw," by National Educational Television aired September 1970.
The Berrigan brothers were referenced in the novel The Man Without a Shadow (2016, by Joyce Carol Oates)pp. 140–141.
Daniel and Philip Berrigan were noted among other social justice activists on a section on Fasting for Peace and Justice, "Exploring a Great Spiritual Practice: Fasting" by Carole Garibaldi Rogers (2004), p. 155.
On 30 April 2016, forty-one years after the conclusion of the Vietnam War, Berrigan died in The Bronx, New York City, at Murray-Weigel Hall, the Jesuit infirmary at Fordham University. For many years, since 1975, he had lived on the Upper West Side at the West Side Jesuit Community.
^ According to Marsh and Brown, it was French and philosophy.
^ "Fire and Faith: The Catonsville Nine File". Digital archive. Enoch Pratt Free Library. Archived from the original on August 17, 2016. Retrieved May 1, 2016.
^ a b Chris Hedges (May 20, 2008). "Daniel Berrigan: Forty Years After Catonsville". The Nation.
^ a b "TIME Magazine Cover: Philip and Daniel Berrigan". Time. January 25, 1971.
^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Lewis, Daniel (April 30, 2016). "Daniel J. Berrigan, Defiant Priest Who Preached Pacifism, Dies at 94". The New York Times. Retrieved April 30, 2016.
^ "Jesuit Priest, Peace Activist Daniel Berrigan Dies at 94". NBC News. Associated Press. April 30, 2016. Retrieved May 1, 2016. Berrigan said in an interview that he became a fugitive to draw more attention to the anti-war movement.
^ "US anti-Vietnam war priest Daniel Berrigan dies aged 94". BBC News.
^ "Daniel Berrigan – United States Census, 1930". FamilySearch. Retrieved May 1, 2016.
^ Lewis, Daniel (December 8, 2002). "Philip Berrigan, Former Priest and Peace Advocate in the Vietnam War Era, Dies at 79". The New York Times. Retrieved May 1, 2016.
^ Faison, Carly (2014). "Guide to the Daniel Berrigan Papers". CatholicResearch.net. Retrieved May 1, 2016.
^ "Danial J Berrigan – United States Census, 1940". FamilySearch. Retrieved May 1, 2016.
^ Roberts, Tom (April 30, 2016). "Daniel Berrigan, poet, peacemaker, dies at 94". National Catholic Reporter. Retrieved May 1, 2016.
^ Schmidt, Margaret (April 30, 2016). "Peace activist Father Berrigan dies, taught at St. Peter's Prep in '40s". The Jersey Journal. Retrieved May 1, 2016.
^ Official Associated Press Almanac. New York Times. 1970. p. 31. Retrieved April 23, 2018. Back in New York, Berrigan taught French and theology for three years at the Jesuits' Brooklyn Preparatory School.
^ Siracusa, J.M. (2012). "Berrigan, Daniel". Encyclopedia of the Kennedys: The People and Events That Shaped America: The People and Events That Shaped America. ABC-CLIO. p. 67. ISBN 978-1-59884-539-6.
^ Curtis, R. (1974). The Berrigan Brothers: The Story of Daniel and Philip Berrigan. Hawthorn Books. p. 33. Retrieved April 23, 2018.
^ Marsh, J.L.; Brown, A.J. (2012). Faith, Resistance, and the Future: Daniel Berrigan's Challenge to Catholic Social Thought. Fordham University Press Series. Fordham University Press. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-8232-3982-5. Retrieved April 23, 2018.
^ "International House – Alumni News".
^ a b "Daniel Berrigan, priest and anti-Vietnam war peace activist, dies". The Guardian.
^ Aloi, Daniel (April 4, 2006). "From Vietnam to Redbud Woods: Daniel Berrigan launches events commemorating five decades of activism at Cornell". Cornell Chronicle. Retrieved December 1, 2007.
^ "Dissenter Poet in Residence: The Rev. Daniel Berrigan, S.J." Inside Fordham Online. March 2003. Retrieved May 1, 2016.
^ Guerierro, Katherine (November 6, 1997). "Peace activist Daniel Berrigan to teach poetry course". Retrieved October 18, 2016.
^ a b Raftery, Kay (March 25, 1993). "Father Berrigan Talks About His Film Mission The Jesuit And Noted Peace Activist Discussed His Role In The Making Of A Major Motion Picture". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Retrieved May 2, 2016.
^ a b Berrigan, Daniel (1986). The Mission: A Film Journal (1st ed.). San Francisco: Harper & Row. ISBN 978-0-06-250056-4. OCLC 13947262.
^ "The Nation: The Berrigans: Conspiracy and Conscience". Time. 97 (4): 18. January 25, 1971. ISSN 0040-781X. Retrieved May 1, 2016.
^ "Father Daniel Berrigan, Anti-War Activist & Poet, Dies". Democracy Now!. April 30, 2016. Retrieved May 1, 2016.
^ "In 2006 Interview, Fr. Dan Berrigan Recalls Confronting Defense Secretary McNamara over Vietnam War". Democracy Now!.
^ Nancy Zaroulis; Gerald Sullivan (1989). Who Spoke Up? American Protest Against the War in Vietnam 1963–1975. Horizon Book Promotions. ISBN 0-385-17547-7.
^ "Writers and Editors War Tax Protest". New York Post. January 30, 1968.
^ "The Catonsville Nine original 5/17/68 footage". Waging Non-Violence. May 17, 1968. Retrieved May 1, 2016.
^ Olzen, Jake (May 17, 2013). "How the Catonsville Nine survived on film". Waging Non-Violence. Retrieved May 1, 2016.
^ United States v. Moylan , 1002 417 F. 2d (Court of Appeals, 4th Circuit 1969).
^ Berrigan v. Norton , 790 451 F. 2d (Court of Appeals, 2nd Circuit 1971).
^ Associated Press (December 18, 1970). "Grand jury indicts two for hiding Dan Berrigan". Cornell Daily Sun. 87 (63). p. 3. Retrieved May 8, 2017.
^ Com. v. Berrigan , 226 501 A. 2d (Pa: Supreme Court 1985).
^ "A History of Direct Disarmament Actions The Ploughshares movementoriginated in the North American faith".
^ a b Gibson, David (April 1, 2016). "Daniel Berrigan, anti-war priest, dies at 94". Religion News Service. Retrieved January 17, 2017.
^ a b Goldman, Ari L. (February 8, 1992). "Religion Notes". The New York Times. Retrieved January 17, 2017.
^ "Consistent Life Individual Endorsers As of January 9, 2017" (PDF). Consistent Life Network. Retrieved January 17, 2017.
^ Press, Associated (May 2, 2016). "Fr Daniel Berrigan, anti-war and pro-life campaigner, dies aged 94 – CatholicHerald.co.uk". CatholicHerald.co.uk – Breaking news and opinion from the online edition of Britain's leading Catholic newspaper. Retrieved January 17, 2017.
^ Mullen, Thomas (June 2, 1990). "JESUIT PRIEST'S VARIED CAUSES INCLUDE HELPING AIDS VICTIMS". Richmond Times-Dispatch (VA) – via Access World News.
^ Berrigan, Daniel (1989). Sorrow Built a Bridge: Friendship and AIDS. Baltimore: Fortkamp Publishing Company.
^ "Notes on Recent Publications". Religious Studies Review. 17, (2): 150. 1991.
^ McClain, Kathleen (October 11, 1989). "AIDS ATTITUDES APPALL ACTIVIST DANIEL BERRIGAN". The Charlotte Observer (NC) – via Access World News.
^ Chris Hedges (June 11, 2012). "Daniel Berrigan, America's Street Priest, Stands With Occupy".
^ Roberts, Tom (January 26, 1996). "Soon 75, Berrigan's is still an edgy God". National Catholic Reporter. 32 (13). ISSN 0027-8939. Retrieved May 1, 2016.
^ Schneider, N. (2013). Thank You, Anarchy: Notes from the Occupy Apocalypse. University of California Press. p. 117. ISBN 978-0-520-95703-9. Retrieved May 7, 2017.
^ Coy, P.G. (1988). A Revolution of the Heart: Essays on the Catholic Worker. Temple University Press. p. 299. ISBN 978-0-87722-531-7. Retrieved May 7, 2017.
^ Labrie, R. (2001). Thomas Merton and the Inclusive Imagination. University of Missouri Press. p. 207. ISBN 978-0-8262-6279-0. Retrieved May 7, 2017.
^ Berryman, P. (2013). OUR UNFINISHED BUSINESS. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. p. 221. ISBN 978-0-307-83164-4. Retrieved May 7, 2017.
^ Davis, A.Y. (2016). If They Come in the Morning... Radical Thinkers. Verso Books. p. 80. ISBN 978-1-78478-770-7. Retrieved May 7, 2017.
^ Anderson, D.L. (2003). The Human Tradition in America Since 1945. Human tradition in America. Scholarly Resources. p. 88. ISBN 978-0-8420-2943-8. Retrieved May 7, 2017.
^ "Investigation of a Flame (2003)". IMDb.
^ "Daniel Berrigan Papers (1961–2009)" (Finding aid). Special Collections and Archives, DePaul University. Chicago, Illinois. Retrieved May 1, 2016.
^ Goldman, Ari L. (April 17, 1989). "A Landlord Tries to Evict Jesuit Group". The New York Times. Retrieved May 1, 2016.
^ Wylie-Kellermann, Bill (September 2016). "Death Shall Have No Dominion: Daniel Berrigan of the Resurrection". CrossCurrents. 66 (3): 312–320.
^ "WRL Peace Awards". Archived from the original on June 10, 2007.
^ "OBITUARY: Fr. Daniel Berrigan, S.J., Pax Christi USA Teacher of Peace, passes away at age 94". PAX CHRISTI USA.
^ "List of Award Recipients".
Coles, Robert (March 22, 1971). "A Dialogue With Radical Priest Daniel Berrigan". Time. 97 (12): 28. ISSN 0040-781X – via EBSCOhost.
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2019-04-26T08:50:05Z
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https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Berrigan
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Porn
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Arts
| 0.895819 |
wordpress
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Progress is always possible. You can always change, if you are willing to do the work. Don’t ever give up on yourself. There is only one of you. You are meant to do great things. Love yourself. You are worth it!
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2019-04-19T13:05:22Z
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https://suebabyblogs.wordpress.com/2012/04/01/the-pain-of-being-single/
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.473805 |
narod
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JRAMetamaker 1.0 is a web-server application for entering metadata into DjVu and PDF documents that are stored on a web server.
Why embed metadata in a document?
Why enter metadata in the web browser?
Let' s face it - entering metadata is a labor-intensive and repetitive task. It is difficult to ask a technician to sit for 8 hours entering metdata, as you must do when the data entry interface is a local desktop application.
Putting the metadata entry task in the web browser liberates the technicians to perform their task anywhere, anytime. This permits shorter data entry sessions on a completely flexible schedule. Technicians do not even have to be on-site, which opens up the possiblity of using the services of mothers, students, and part-timers that need the flexible hours and flexibility of location.
The index fields are displayed in a browser frame on the left side of the screen.
On the right side of the screen, page 1 of the current document is displayed.
Above both of these frames is a custom navigation toolbar that allows operators to field-index an entire folder of documents.
Clicking his button inserts the entered metadata directly into the opened DjVu or PDF file, saves the file, and then automatically opens the next one for indexing.
The second button inserts the entered metadata into the opened file, saves it and leaves it open.
Use the third button if you need to undo (clear) what you have entered.
The File List in JRAMetamaker displays the files that were retrieved for field-indexing.
"Committing" the files moves them to a final folder for search-indexing. "Getting" files will bring in a new batch of unindexed files for field-indexing.
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2019-04-21T14:10:40Z
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http://djvu-soft.narod.ru/planetdjvu/jrametamaker.htm
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Porn
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Computers
| 0.094954 |
wordpress
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I’m so proud of you. And will try to learn from your example.
@Noreen, anyone who wakes up at 5am deserves a cookie. Emailing you privately.
Just ordered mine. Can’t wait. :) I love your work and I can already see myself curled up in the corner, coffee in hand, drawing laughs and inspiration from your chap book. It will be a springboard to write my own.
This series has been hugely helpful to me, Colleen. You have no idea! Dashing out the door to meet someone for coffee – have bookmarked this and will order the chapbook as soon as I get home. You will be, in essence, on MY “favorite bloggers” shelf.
You sold out! Of course! But alas for me! And yay! Book! Congratulations and good work. Exclamation point.
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2019-04-23T17:52:56Z
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https://communicatrix.wordpress.com/2013/09/14/good-enough-day-21/
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Porn
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Reference
| 0.550767 |
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