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A gas of $N$ Bogomol'nyi vortices in the Abelian Higgs model is studied on a compact Riemann surface of genus $g$ and area $A$. The volume of the moduli space is computed and found to depend on $N, g$ and $A$, but not on other details of the shape of the surface. The volume is then used to find the thermodynamic partition function and it is shown that the thermodynamical properties of such a gas do not depend on the genus of the Riemann surface.
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arxiv:hep-th/9807017
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We apply the resolvent technique to the computation of the QED effective action in time dependent electric field backgrounds. The effective action has both real and imaginary parts, and the imaginary part is related to the pair production probability in such a background. The resolvent technique has been applied previously to spatially inhomogeneous magnetic backgrounds, for which the effective action is real. We explain how dispersion relations connect these two cases, the magnetic case which is essentially perturbative in nature, and the electric case where the imaginary part is nonperturbative. Finally, we use a uniform semiclassical approximation to find an expression for very general time dependence for the background field. This expression is remarkably similar in form to Schwinger's classic result for the constant electric background.
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arxiv:hep-th/9807031
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We analyse a class of four-dimensional heterotic ground states with N=2 space-time supersymmetry. From the ten-dimensional perspective, such models can be viewed as compactifications on a six-dimensional manifold with SU(2) holonomy, which is locally but not globally K3 x T^2. The maximal N=4 supersymmetry is spontaneously broken to N=2. The masses of the two massive gravitinos depend on the (T,U) moduli of T^2. We evaluate the one-loop threshold corrections of gauge and R^2 couplings and we show that they fall in several universality classes, in contrast to what happens in usual K3 x T^2 compactifications, where the N=4 supersymmetry is explicitly broken to N=2, and where a single universality class appears. These universality properties follow from the structure of the elliptic genus. The behaviour of the threshold corrections as functions of the moduli is analysed in detail: it is singular across several rational lines of the T^2 moduli because of the appearance of extra massless states, and suffers only from logarithmic singularities at large radii. These features differ substantially from the ordinary K3 x T^2 compactifications, thereby reflecting the existence of spontaneously-broken N=4 supersymmetry. Although our results are valid in the general framework defined above, we also point out several properties, specific to orbifold constructions, which might be of phenomenological relevance.
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arxiv:hep-th/9807067
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We study a massive Thirring-like model in 2-dimensional space-time, which contains two different species of fermions. This model is a field theoretical version of the quantum mechanical model originally proposed by Gl\"{o}ckle, Nogami and Fukui, where different fermions interact with each other through $\delta$-function potentials. We derive a corresponding boson model by the bosonization technique in the path integral formulation. This is a simple but non-trivial extension of the freedom of the bosonization technique. Operator correspondences between fermion and boson fields are given. One of these could not be realistically expected from the naive correspondence of the original single-species models. It is essential for this point that in our model fermions of the same kind do not interact with each other directly. We find that for a specific value of the coupling constant, one boson field becomes free while the other is a Sine-Gordon field. For this case, therefore, our two-species model is equivalent to the ordinary Sine-Gordon model of a single boson field.
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arxiv:hep-th/9807073
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We show that each rigid symmetry of a D-string action is contained in a family of infinitely many symmetries. In particular, kappa-invariant D-string actions have infinitely many supersymmetries. The result is not restricted to standard D-string actions, but holds for any two-dimensional action depending on an abelian world-sheet gauge field only via the field strength. It applies thus also to manifestly $SL(2,Z)$ covariant D-string actions. Furthermore, it extends analogously to $d$-dimensional actions with $(d-1)$-form gauge potentials, such as brane actions with dynamical tension.
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arxiv:hep-th/9807113
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In a recent paper DeWolfe et al. have shown how to use the self-intersection number of junctions to constrain the BPS spectrum of N=2, D=4 theories with ADE flavor symmetry arising on a single D3-brane probe in a 7-brane background. Motivated by the existence of more general N=2, D=4 theories arising on the worldvolume of multiple D3-brane probes we show how to compute the self-intersection number of junctions in the presence of 7-branes and multiple D3-branes.
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arxiv:hep-th/9807117
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A new cosmological model leads to testable predictions that are different from those of both standard cosmology and models with a cosmological constant. The prediction that q_0=0 is the same as in other ``coasting universe'' models, but arises without the need for any exotic form of matter or other ad hoc assumptions.
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arxiv:hep-th/9807141
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We compute the Casimir energy between an unusual pair of parallel plates at finite temperature, namely, a perfectely conducting plate ($\epsilon\to\infty$) and an infinitely permeable one ($\mu\to\infty$) by applying the generalized zeta function method. We also compute the Casimir pressure and discuss the high and the low temperature limits.
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arxiv:hep-th/9807162
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BPS black hole solutions of U(1) gauged five-dimensional supergravity are obtained by solving the Killing spinor equations. These extremal static black holes live in an asymptotic AdS_5 space time. Unlike black holes in asymptotic flat space time none of them possess a regular horizon. We also calculate the influence, of a particular class of these solutions, on the Wilson loops calculation.
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arxiv:hep-th/9807187
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The AdS/CFT correspondence provides valuable constraints on the possible exact form of various physical quantities in the ${\cal N}=4$ super Yang-Mills theory in the large N limit. We examine the free energy as the expansions in a small as well as in a large 't Hooft parameter $\lambda$. We argue that it is impossible to smoothly extrapolate from the weak coupling regime to the strong coupling regime, thus there must exist a large N phase transition in $\lambda$ at a finite temperature. We also argue that there is no world-sheet instanton in the background of the Euclidean anti-de Sitter black hole.
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arxiv:hep-th/9807196
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Complete wetting is a universal phenomenon associated with interfaces separating coexisting phases. For example, in the pure gluon theory, at $T_c$ an interface separating two distinct high-temperature deconfined phases splits into two confined-deconfined interfaces with a complete wetting layer of confined phase between them. In supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory, distinct confined phases may coexist with a Coulomb phase at zero temperature. In that case, the Coulomb phase may completely wet a confined-confined interface. Finally, at the high-temperature phase transition of gluons and gluinos, confined-confined interfaces are completely wet by the deconfined phase, and similarly, deconfined-deconfined interfaces are completely wet by the confined phase. For these various cases, we determine the interface profiles and the corresponding complete wetting critical exponents. The exponents depend on the range of the interface interactions and agree with those of corresponding condensed matter systems.
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arxiv:hep-th/9807207
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The quantum algebra of observables postulated in hep-th/9805057 is constructed up to degree five. All independent relations of degree four are given; they involve three as yet undetermined parameters. Definitions and symbols are used as introduced in the above-mentioned article.
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arxiv:hep-th/9807231
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We show that discrete torsion is implemented in a D-brane world-volume theory by using a projective representation of the orbifold point group. We study the example of C^3/Z_2 x Z_2 and show that the resolution of singularities agrees with that proposed by Vafa and Witten. A new type of fractional brane appears.
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arxiv:hep-th/9807235
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Various string theory realizations of three-dimensional gauge theories relate them to gravitational instantons, Nahm equations and monopoles. We use this correspondence to model self-dual gravitational instantons of $D_k$-type as moduli spaces of singular monopoles, find their twistor spaces and metrics.
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arxiv:hep-th/9807237
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We briefly review the status of three-family grand unified string models.
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arxiv:hep-th/9807240
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We consider a class of black hole solutions to Einstein's equations in d dimensions with a negative cosmological constant. These solutions have the property that the horizon is a (d-2)-dimensional Einstein manifold of positive, zero, or negative curvature. The mass, temperature, and entropy are calculated. Using the correspondence with conformal field theory, the phase structure of the solutions is examined, and used to determine the correct mass dependence of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy.
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arxiv:hep-th/9808032
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In view of the presence of a superpotential, the dual of a gauge theory like SQCD contains two coupling parameters. The method of the Reduction of Couplings is used in order to express the parameter of the superpotential in terms of the dual gauge coupling. In the conformal window and above it, a unique, isolated solution is obtained. The coupling parameter of the superpotential is given simply by f times the square of the gauge coupling. Here f is a function of the the number of colors and the number of flavors, and it is known explicitly. The solution is valid to all orders in the asymptotic expansion, and it is the appropriate choice for the dual theory. The same solution exists in the free magnetic interval. A `general' solution with non-integer powers is discussed, as are some exceptional cases.
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arxiv:hep-th/9808054
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Due to a computational mistake this paper has been withdrawn.
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arxiv:hep-th/9808066
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We describe new $N$-extended 2D supergravities on a $(p+1)$-dimensional (bosonic) space. The fundamental objects are moving frame densities that equip each $(p+1)$-dimensional point with a 2D ``tangent space''. The theory is presented in a $[p+1, 2]$ superspace. For the special case of $p=1$ we recover the 2D supergravities in an unusual form. The formalism has been developed with applications to the string-parton picture of $D$-branes at strong coupling in mind.
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arxiv:hep-th/9808072
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3d Chern-Simons gauge theory has a strong connection with 2d CFT and link invariants in knot theory. We impose some constraints on the $D(2|1;\alpha)$ CS theory in the similar context of the hamiltonian reduction of 2d superconformal algebras. There Hilbert states in $D(2|1;\alpha)$ CS theory are partly identified with characters of the large N=4 SCFT by their transformation properties.
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arxiv:hep-th/9808094
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We examine supersymmetry of four-dimensional asymptotically anti-de Sitter (AdS) dyonic black holes in the context of gauged N=2 supergravity. Our calculations concentrate on black holes with unusual topology and their rotating generalizations, but we also reconsider the spherical rotating dyonic Kerr-Newman-AdS black hole, whose supersymmetry properties have previously been investigated by Kosteleck\'{y} and Perry within another approach. We find that in the case of spherical, toroidal or cylindrical event horizon topology, the black holes must rotate in order to preserve some supersymmetry; the non-rotating supersymmetric configurations representing naked singularities. However, we show that this is no more true for black holes whose event horizons are Riemann surfaces of genus $g>1$, where we find a nonrotating extremal solitonic black hole carrying magnetic charge and permitting one Killing spinor. For the nonrotating supersymmetric configurations of various topologies, all Killing spinors are explicitly constructed.
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arxiv:hep-th/9808097
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We examine the stabilization of the two typical moduli, the length $\rho$ of the eleventh segment and the volume $V$ of the internal six manifold, in compactified heterotic $M$-theory. It is shown that, under certain conditions, the phenomenologically favored vacuum expectation values of $\rho$ and $V$ can be obtained by the combined effects of multi-gaugino condensations on the hidden wall and the membrane instantons wrapping the three cycle of the internal six manifold.
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arxiv:hep-th/9808122
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We briefly present two-dimensional dilaton gravity from the point of view of integrable systems.
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arxiv:hep-th/9808135
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I briefly summarize recent results on classical and quantum dilaton gravity in 1+1 dimensions.
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arxiv:hep-th/9808136
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In this paper a set of canonical collective variables is defined for a classical Klein-Gordon field and the problem of the definition of a set of canonical relative variables is discussed. This last point is approached by means of a harmonic analysis is momentum space. This analysis shows that the relative variables can be defined if certain conditions are fulfilled by the field configurations. These conditions are expressed by the vanishing of a set of conserved quantities, referred to as supertranslations since as canonical observables they generate a set of canonical transformations whose algebra is the same as that which arises in the study of the asymptotic behaviour of the metric of an isolated system in General Relativity.
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arxiv:hep-th/9809024
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We study the free energy of \N=4 super Yang-Mills theory in the Higgs phase with a mass scale M corresponding to non-zero v.e.v. of the scalar fields. At zero temperature this theory describes a system of parallel separated extremal D3-branes. Non-zero temperature corresponds to non-extremality in supergravity description. We interpret the supergravity interaction potential between a non-extremal D3-brane and a D3-brane probe as contribution of massive states to the free energy of N --> infinity SYM theory at strong 't Hooft coupling (N g^2_{YM} >> 1). Both low (M >> T) and high (T >> M) temperature regimes are considered. For low temperature we find that the structure of terms that appear in the free energy at strong and weak coupling is the same. The analysis of the high-temperature regime depends on a careful identification of the scalar field v.e.v. in terms of the distance between branes in the supergravity description and again predicts strong coupling terms similar to those found in the weak-coupling \N=4 SYM theory. We consider also the corrections to the strong coupling results by taking into account the leading \a'^3 R^4 string contribution to the supergravity effective action. This gives rise to the (N g^2_{YM})^{-3/2} corrections in the coefficient functions of 't Hooft coupling which multiply different terms in free energy.
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arxiv:hep-th/9809032
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We discuss the action of a circle isometry group on non compact Euclidean Einstein manifolds. We discuss approaches to a decomposition of the action and entropy for non compact manifolds in terms of the characteristics of the orbit space of a suitable isometry. There is entropy associated with non trivial cohomology of the orbit space of the isometry, and we consider a class of non compact solutions for which such contributions do not vanish. To obtain suitable solutions we generalise the Bais-Batenburg construction of higher dimensional Taub-Nut type solutions to obtain the corresponding bolt solutions. We consider the generalisations to non compact solutions of gravity coupled to scalar and gauge fields.
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arxiv:hep-th/9809041
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In this contribution some aspects of supergravity and super Yang-Mills systems in D=6 are briefly reviewed and, in some cases, are contrasted with the analogous features in D=4. Particular emphasis is laid on the stringy solutions of the D=6 super Yang-Mills systems.
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arxiv:hep-th/9809044
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In a new approach to the theory of integration over Wess-Zumino supermanifolds, we suggest that a fundamental principle is their consistency with an ``Ethereal Conjecture'' that asserts the topology of the supermanifold must be generated essentially from its bosonic submanifold. This naturally leads to a theory of ``ectoplasmic'' integration based on super p-forms. One consequence of this approach is that the derivation of ``density projection operators'' becomes trivial in a number of supergravity theories.
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arxiv:hep-th/9809056
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We present briefly the deformation philosophy and indicate, with references, how it was applied to the quantization of Nambu mechanics and to particle physics in anti De Sitter space.
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arxiv:hep-th/9809073
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Some results from arguments of research dealt with R. Raczka are exposed and extended. In particular new arguments are brought in favor of the conjecture, formulated with him, that both space-time and momentum may be conformally compactified, building up a compact phase space of automorphism for the conformal group, where conformal reflections determine a convolution between space-time and momentum space which may have consequences of interest for both classical and quantum physics.
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arxiv:hep-th/9809120
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We derive the classical kappa-symmetric Type IIB string action on AdS(3) x S(3) by employing the SU(1,1|2)^2 algebra. We then gauge fix kappa-symmetry in the background adapted Killing spinor gauge and present the action in a very simple form.
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arxiv:hep-th/9809164
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A dual Ginzburg-Landau model corresponding to SU(3) gluodynamics in abelian projection is studied. A string theory describing QCD string dynamics is obtained in this model. The interaction of static quarks in mesons and baryons is investigated in an approximation to leading order.
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arxiv:hep-th/9809183
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The cosmological solutions of Horava-Witten theory discovered by Lukas, Ovrut and Waldram are generalized to allow non vanishing spatial curvature. The solution with closed spatial sections has initial and final curvature singularities. We find two solutions with open spatial sections, both of which evolve from an initial curvature singularity to the supersymmetric domain wall solution at late times. We also present a solution with open spatial sections and a non-zero Ramond-Ramond scalar. The behaviour of the solutions in eleven dimensions is discussed.
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arxiv:hep-th/9809195
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To construct actions for describing superbranes propagating in AdS x S superbackgrounds we propose a coset space realization of these superbackgrounds which results in a short polynomial fermionic dependence (up to the sixth power in Grassmann coordinates) of target superspace supervielbeins and superconnections. Gauge fixing kappa-symmetry in a way compatible with a static brane solution further reduces the fermionic dependence down to the fourth power. Subtleties of consistent gauge fixing worldvolume diffeomorphisms and kappa-symmetry of the superbrane actions are discussed.
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arxiv:hep-th/9809213
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We show how to systematically derive the complete set of the gauge transformations of different types of the gauge invariant models, which are the chiral Schwinger and CP$^1$ with Chern-Simons term, in the Lagrangian Formalism.
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arxiv:hep-th/9810016
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We study the regularized correlation functions of the light-like coordinate operators in the reduction to zero dimensions of the matrix model describing $D$-particles in four dimensions. We investigate in great detail the related matrix model originally proposed and solved in the planar limit by J. Hoppe. It also gives the solution of the problem of 3-coloring of planar graphs. We find interesting strong/weak 't Hooft coupling dependence. The partition function of the grand canonical ensemble turns out to be a tau-function of KP hierarchy. As an illustration of the method we present a new derivation of the large-N and double-scaling limits of the one-matrix model with cubic potential.
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arxiv:hep-th/9810035
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We compute the expectations of the squares of the electric and magnetic fields in the vacuum region outside a half-space filled with a uniform non-dispersive dielectric. This gives predictions for the Casimir-Polder force on an atom in the `retarded' regime near a dielectric. We also find a positive energy density due to the electromagnetic field. This would lead, in the case of two parallel dielectric half-spaces, to a positive, separation-independent contribution to the energy density, besides the negative, separation-dependent Casimir energy. Rough estimates suggest that for a very wide range of cases, perhaps including all realizable ones, the total energy density between the half-spaces is positive.
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arxiv:hep-th/9810131
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We examine the matrix theory representation of D0-brane dynamics at finite temperature. In this case, violation of supersymmetry by temperature leads to a non-trivial static potential between D0-branes at any finite temperature. We compute the static potential in the 1-loop approximation and show that it is short-ranged and attractive. We compare the result with the computations in superstring theory. We show that thermal states of D0-branes can be reproduced by matrix theory only when certain care is taken in integration over the moduli space of classical solutions in compactified time.
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arxiv:hep-th/9810170
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We study aspects of the new phases of M-theory recently conjectured using generalised dualities such as timelike T-duality. Our focus is on brane solutions. We derive the intersection rules in a general framework and then specialise to the new phases of M-theory. We discuss under which conditions a configuration with several branes leads to a regular extremal black hole under compactification. We point out that the entropy seems not to be constant when the radius of the physical timelike direction is varied. This could be interpreted as a non-conservation of the entropy (and the mass) under at least some of the new dualities.
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arxiv:hep-th/9810180
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The set of space-time short-distance structures which can be described through linear operators is limited to a few basic cases. These are continua, lattices and a further short-distance structure which implies an ultraviolet cut-off. Under certain conditions, these cut-off degrees of freedom can reappear as internal degrees of freedom. We review the current status of the classification and present new conjectures.
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arxiv:hep-th/9810215
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An exact one monopole solution in a uniform self-dual background field is obtained in the BPS limit of the SU(2) Yang-Mills-Higgs theory by using the inverse scattering method.
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arxiv:hep-th/9810216
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The OSp(2|2)-invariant planar dynamics of a D=4 superparticle near the horizon of a large mass extreme black hole is described by an N=2 superconformal mechanics, with the SO(2) charge being the superparticle's angular momentum. The {\it non-manifest} superconformal invariance of the superpotential term is shown to lead to a shift in the SO(2) charge by the value of its coefficient, which we identify as the orbital angular momentum. The full SU(1,1|2)-invariant dynamics is found from an extension to N=4 superconformal mechanics.
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arxiv:hep-th/9810230
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This is an introduction to some recent developments in string theory and M theory. We try to concentrate on the main physical aspects, and often leave more technical details to the original literature.
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arxiv:hep-th/9811019
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We study the effect of the gravitational Chern-Simons term (GCST) in the (2+1)-dimensional anti-de Sitter (AdS$_{2+1}$) geometry. In the context of the gauge gravity, we obtain black hole solution and its boundary WZW theory. The BTZ black hole solution can still be retrieved but its gravitational mass and angular momentum become different from their inherent values. The deformation on these quantities due to the GCST can be summarized as $SO(1,1)$ times rescaling. The boundary WZW theory is found to be chiral, i.e., composed of the right moving part and the left moving part with different Kac-Moody levels. The statistical entropy is proportional to the area only for the large levels and vanishing GCST limit, but its coefficient is not the correct order in the Newton constant $G$. Some related physics are discussed.
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arxiv:hep-th/9811049
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We consider the photon field between an unusual configuration of infinite parallel plates: a perfectly conducting plate $(\epsilon\to\infty)$ and an infinitely permeable one $\mu\to\infty)$. After quantizing the vector potential in the Coulomb gauge, we obtain explicit expressions for the vacuum expectation values of field operators of the form $<{\hat E}_i{\hat E}_j>_0$ and $<{\hat B}_i{\hat B}_j>_0$. These field correlators allow us to reobtain the Casimir effect for this set up and to discuss the light velocity shift caused by the presence of plates (Scharnhorst effect \cite{Scharnhorst,Barton,BarScharn}) for both scalar and spinor QED.
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arxiv:hep-th/9811062
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A worldsheet approach to the study of non-abelian D-particle dynamics is presented based on viewing matrix-valued D-brane coordinate fields as coupling constants of a deformed sigma-model which defines a logarithmic conformal field theory. The short-distance structure of spacetime is shown to be naturally captured by the Zamolodchikov metric on the corresponding moduli space which encodes the geometry of the string interactions between D-particles. Spacetime quantization is induced directly by the string genus expansion and leads to new forms of uncertainty relations which imply that general relativity at very short-distance scales is intrinsically described by a non-commutative geometry. The indeterminancies exhibit decoherence effects suggesting the natural incorporation of quantum gravity by short-distance D-particle probes. Some potential experimental tests are briefly described.
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arxiv:hep-th/9811116
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The model of D4 open string with non-Grassmann spinning variables is considered. The non-linear gauge, which is invariant both Poincar\'e and scale transformations of the space-time, is used for subsequent studies. It is shown that the reduction of the canonical Poisson structure from the original phase space to the surface of constraints and gauge conditions gives the degenerated Poisson brackets. Moreover it is shown that such reduction is non-unique. The conseption of the adjunct phase space is introduced. The consequences for subsequent quantization are discussed. Deduced dependence of spin $J$ from the square of mass $\mu^2$ of the string generalizes the ''Regge spectrum`` for conventional theory.
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arxiv:hep-th/9811175
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We construct N=1 supersymmetric versions of four-dimensional Freedman-Townsend models and generalizations thereof found recently by Henneaux and Knaepen, with couplings between 1-form and 2-form gauge potentials. The models are presented both in a superfield formulation with linearly realized supersymmetry and in WZ gauged component form. In the latter formulation the supersymmetry transformations are nonlinear and do not commute with all the gauge transformations. Among others, our construction yields N=1 counterparts of recently found N=2 supersymmetric gauge theories involving vector-tensor multiplets with gauged central charge.
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arxiv:hep-th/9811180
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We consider a possibility to describe spin one-half and higher spins of massive relativistic particles by means of commuting spinors. We present two classical gauge models with the variables $x^\mu,\xi_\alpha,\chi_\alpha$, where $\xi,\chi$ are commuting Majorana spinors. In course of quantization both models reproduce Dirac equation. We analyze the possibility to introduce an interaction with an external electromagnetic background into the models and to generalize them to higher spin description. The first model admits a minimal interaction with the external electromagnetic field, but leads to reducible representations of the Poincare group being generalized for higher spins. The second model turns out to be appropriate for description of the massive higher spins. However, it seams to be difficult to introduce a minimal interaction with an external electromagnetic field into this model. We compare our approach with one, which uses Grassman variables, and establish a relation between them.
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arxiv:hep-th/9811229
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In this article a non--technical survey is given of the present status of Axiomatic Quantum Field Theory and interesting future directions of this approach are outlined. The topics covered are the universal structure of the local algebras of observables, their relation to the underlying fields and the significance of their relative positions. Moreover, the physical interpretation of the theory is discussed with emphasis on problems appearing in gauge theories, such as the revision of the particle concept, the determination of symmetries and statistics from the superselection structure, the analysis of the short distance properties and the specific features of relativistic thermal states. Some problems appearing in quantum field theory on curved spacetimes are also briefly mentioned. (Talk given at Ringberg Symposium on Quantum Field Theory, Ringberg Castle, June 1998)
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arxiv:hep-th/9811233
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We study, as hypersurfaces in toric varieties, elliptic Calabi-Yau fourfolds for F-theory compactifications dual to E8xE8 heterotic strings compactified to four dimensions on elliptic Calabi-Yau threefolds with some choice of vector bundle. We describe how to read off the vector bundle data for the heterotic compactification from the toric data of the fourfold. This map allows us to construct, for example, Calabi-Yau fourfolds corresponding to three generation models with unbroken GUT groups. We also find that the geometry of the Calabi-Yau fourfold restricts the heterotic vector bundle data in a manner related to the stability of these bundles. Finally, we study Calabi-Yau fourfolds corresponding to heterotic models with fivebranes wrapping curves in the base of the Calabi-Yau threefolds. We find evidence of a topology changing extremal transition on the fourfold side which corresponds, on the heterotic side, to fivebranes wrapping different curves in the same homology class in the base.
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arxiv:hep-th/9811240
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We obtain N=1 SU(N)^k gauge theories with bifundamental matter and a quartic superpotential as the low energy theory on D3-branes at singular points. These theories generalize that on D3-branes at a conifold point, studied recently by Klebanov and Witten. For k=3 the defining equation of the singular point is that of an isolated D_4 singularity. For k>3 we obtain a family of multimodular singularities. The considered SU(N)^k theories flow in the infrared to a non-trivial fixed point. We analyze the AdS/CFT correspondence for our examples.
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arxiv:hep-th/9812025
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An explicit calculation is performed to check all the tangent bundle gravitational couplings of Dirichlet branes and Orientifold planes by scattering $q$ gravitons with a $p+1$ form Ramond-Ramond potential in the world-volume of a $D(p+2q)$-brane. The structure of the D-brane Wess-Zumino term in the world-volume action is confirmed, while a different O-plane Wess-Zumino action is obtained.
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arxiv:hep-th/9812088
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In this letter we implement a recently proposed {\it spacetime duality} approach to dualize a two dimensional, Abelian, gauge field theory, which has no dual version under $p$--duality. Our result suggests that spacetime duality spans a new, wider, class of dual theories, which cannot be related one to another by $p$--duality transformations.
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arxiv:hep-th/9812108
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The relation between connections on 2-dimensional manifolds and holomorphic bundles provides a new perspective on the role of classical gauge fields in quantum field theory in two, three and four dimensions. In particular we show that there is a close relation between unstable bundles and monopoles, sphalerons and instantons. Some of these classical configurations emerge as nodes of quantum vacuum states in non-confining phases of \qft which suggests a relevant role for those configurations in the mechanism of quark confinement in QCD.
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arxiv:hep-th/9812173
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We derive the Schwinger-Dyson/loop equations for the USp(2k) matrix model which close among the closed and open Wilson loop variables. These loop equations exhibit a complete set of the joining and splitting interactions required for the nonorientable Type I superstrings. The open loops realize the SO(2n_f) Chan-Paton factor and their linearized loop equations derive the mixed Dirichlet/Neumann boundary conditions.
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arxiv:hep-th/9812177
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Light-cone gauge quantization procedures are given, for superstring theory on $AdS_3$ space charged with NS-NS background, both in NSR and GS formalism. The spacetime (super)conformal algebras are constructed in terms of the transversal physical degrees of freedom. The spacetime conformal anomaly agrees with that of covariant formalism, provided that the worldsheet conformal anomaly $c$ equals 26 or 15 for bosonic string or superstring, respectively. The spacetime (super)conformal field theory is found to correspond to orbifold construction on symmetric product space $\it{Sym_p} {\cal{M}}/Z_p$.
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arxiv:hep-th/9812216
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The canonical quantization on a single light front is performed for the Abelian gauge fields with the Weyl gauge coupled with fermion field currents. The analysis is carried separately for 1+1 dimensions and for higher dimensions. The Gauss law, implemented weakly as the condition on states, selects physical subspace with the Poincare covariance recovered. The perturbative gauge field propagators are found with the ML prescription for their spurious poles. The LF Feynman rules are found and their equivalence with the usual equal-time perturbation for the S-matrix elements is studied for all orders.
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arxiv:hep-th/9812217
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Zero-point fluctuations in quantum fields give rise to observable forces between material bodies, the so-called Casimir forces. In these lectures I present the theory of the Casimir effect, primarily formulated in terms of Green's functions. There is an intimate relation between the Casimir effect and van der Waals forces. Applications to conductors and dielectric bodies of various shapes will be given for the cases of scalar, electromagnetic, and fermionic fields. The dimensional dependence of the effect will be described. Finally, we ask the question: Is there a connection between the Casimir effect and the phenomenon of sonoluminescence?
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arxiv:hep-th/9901011
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In the large-N limit of d=4, N=4 gauge theory, the dual AdS spacetime becomes flat. We identify a gauge theory correlator whose large-N limit is the flat spacetime S-matrix.
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arxiv:hep-th/9901076
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The Floreanini-Jackiw formulation of the chiral quantum-mechanical system oscillator is a model of constrained theory with only second-class constraints. in the Dirac's classification.The covariant quantization needs infinite number of auxiliary variables and a Wess-Zumino term. In this paper we investigate the path integral quatization of this model using $G\ddot{u}ler's$ canonical formalism. All variables are gauge variables in this formalism. The Siegel's action is obtained using Hamilton-Jacobi formulation of the systems with constraints.
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arxiv:hep-th/9901082
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Massless elementary-particle propagation is represented historically (cosmologically) through 3-scale ``towers of quartet rings'' within a lattice of magneto-electrodynamically communicating ``pre-events''. The lightlike intervals within a ring of 4 pre-events (discrete ``closed string'') display transverse GUT-scale and longitudinal ``particle scale''. The lightlike (longitudinal) spacing between successive rings of a tower is at Planck scale. Ratio between GUT scale and Planck scale relates quantum-dynamically to elementary magnetic charge. Permutations of a ring quartet, in conjunction with Lorentz-group representations, control elementary-particle quantum numbers.
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arxiv:hep-th/9901157
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It is known that the noncommutativity of D-brane coordinate is responsible for describing the higher-dimensional D-branes in terms of more fundamental ones such as D-particles or D-instantons, while considering a noncommutative torus as a target space is conjectured to be equivalent to introducing the background antisymmetric tensor field in matrix models. In the present paper we clarify the dual nature of both descriptions. Namely the noncommutativity of conjugate momenta of the D-brane coordinates realizes the target space structure, whereas noncommutativity of the coordinates themselves realizes world volume structure. We explicitly construct a boundary state for the Dirichlet boundary condition where the string boundary is adhered to the D-brane on the noncommutative torus. There are non-trivial relations between the parameters appeared in the algebra of the coordinates and that of the momenta.
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arxiv:hep-th/9902004
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We investigate one-matrix correlation functions for finite SU(N) Yang-Mills integrals with and without supersymmetry. We propose novel convergence conditions for these correlators which we determine from the one-loop perturbative effective action. These conditions are found to agree with non-perturbative Monte Carlo calculations for various gauge groups and dimensions. Our results yield important insights into the eigenvalue distributions rho(lambda) of these random matrix models. For the bosonic models, we find that the spectral densities rho(lambda) possess moments of all orders as N -> Infinity. In the supersymmetric case, rho(lambda) is a wide distribution with an N-independent asymptotic behavior rho(lambda) ~ lambda^(-3), lambda^(-7), lambda^(-15) for dimensions D=4,6,10, respectively.
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arxiv:hep-th/9902113
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We consider the AdS/CFT correspondence for theories with a Chern-Simons term in three dimensions. We find the two-point functions of the boundary conformal field theories for the Proca-Chern-Simons theory and the Self-Dual model. We also discuss particular limits where we find the two-point function of the boundary conformal field theory for the Maxwell-Chern-Simons theory. In particular our results are consistent with the equivalence between the Maxwell-Chern-Simons theory and the Self-Dual model.
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arxiv:hep-th/9902123
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A charged superconductiong cosmic string produces an extremely large electric field in its vicinity. This leads to vacuum instability and to the formation of a charged vacuum condensate which screens the electric charge of the string. We analyze the structure of this condensate using the Thomas-Fermi method.
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arxiv:hep-th/9902135
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The abelian Chern-Simons theory is perturbed by introducing local gauge-invariant interaction terms depending on the curvature. The computation of the correlation function of two Wilson lines for two smooth closed nonintersecting curves is reported up to four loops and is shown to be unaffected by radiative corrections. This result ensures the stability of the linking number of the two curves with respect to the local perturbations which may be added to the Chern-Simons action.
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arxiv:hep-th/9902154
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The theta dependence of the vacuum energy in large N Yang-Mills theory has been studied some time ago by Witten using a duality of large N gauge theories with string theory compactified on a certain space-time. We show that within the field theory context vacuum fluctuations of the topological charge give rise to the vacuum energy consistent with the string theory computation. Furthermore, we calculate 1/N suppressed corrections to the string theory result. The reconciliation of the string and field theory approaches is based on the fact that the gauge theory instantons carry zerobrane charge in the corresponding D-brane construction of Yang-Mills theory. Given the formula for the vacuum energy we study certain aspects of stability of the false vacua of the model for different realizations of the initial conditions. The vacuum structure appears to be different depending on whether N is infinite or, alternatively, large but finite.
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arxiv:hep-th/9902191
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We summarize recent results on the construction of Lax pairs with spectral parameter for the twisted and untwisted elliptic Calogero-Moser systems associated with arbitrary simple Lie algebras, their scaling limits to Toda systems, and their role in Seiberg-Witten theory. We extend part of this work by presenting a new parametrization for the spectral curves for elliptic spin Calogero-Moser systems associated with SL(N).
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arxiv:hep-th/9903002
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We discuss a solution of the equations of motion of five-dimensional gauged type IIB supergravity that describes confining SU(N) gauge theories at large N and large 't Hooft parameter. We prove confinement by computing the Wilson loop, and we show that our solution is generic, independent of most of the details of the theory. In particular, the Einstein-frame metric near its singularity, and the condensates of scalar, composite operators are universal. Also universal is the discreteness of the glueball mass spectrum and the existence of a mass gap. The metric is also identical to a generically confining solution recently found in type 0B theory.
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arxiv:hep-th/9903026
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New non-perturbatives excitations in the massless Thirring and Schwinger models are discussed.
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arxiv:hep-th/9903047
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This text follows the line of a talk on Ringberg symposium dedicated to Wolfhart Zimmermann 70th birthday. The historical overview (Part 1) partially overlaps with corresponding text of my previous commemorative paper. At the same time second part includes some recent results in QFT and summarize an impressive progress of the "QFT renormalization group" application in mathematical physics.
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arxiv:hep-th/9903073
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We construct dual Lagrangians for $G/H$ models in two space-time dimensions for arbitrary Lie groups $G$ and $H\subset G$. Our approach does not require choosing coordinates on $G/H$, and allows for a natural generalization to Lie-Poisson duality. For the case where the target metric on $G/H$ is induced from the invariant metric on $G$, the dual system is a gauged Higgs model, with a nonconstant metric and a coupling to an antisymmetric tensor. The dynamics for the gauge connection is governed by a $BF$-term. Lie-Poisson duality is relevant once we allow for a more general class of target metrics, as well as for couplings to an antisymmetric tensor, in the primary theory. Then the dual theory is written on a group $\tilde G$ dual to $G$, and the gauge group $H$ (which, in general, is not a subgroup of $\tilde G$) acts nonlinearly on $\tilde G$. The dual system therefore gives a nonlinear realization of a gauge theory. All dual descriptions are shown to be canonically equivalent to the corresponding primary descriptions, at least at the level of the current algebra.
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arxiv:hep-th/9903170
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In this paper we further elaborate on the notion of fractional exclusion statistics, as introduced by Haldane, in two-dimensional conformal field theory, and its connection to the Universal Chiral Partition Function as defined by McCoy and collaborators. We will argue that in general, besides the pseudo-particles introduced recently by Guruswamy and Schoutens, one needs additional `null quasi-particles' to account for the null-states in the quasi-particle Fock space. We illustrate this in several examples of WZW-models.
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arxiv:hep-th/9903176
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Recently Jarvis has proved a correspondence between SU(N) monopoles and rational maps of the Riemann sphere into flag manifolds. Furthermore, he has outlined a construction to obtain the monopole fields from the rational map. In this paper we examine this construction in some detail and provide explicit examples for spherically symmetric SU(N) monopoles with various symmetry breakings. In particular we show how to obtain these monopoles from harmonic maps into complex projective spaces. The approach extends in a natural way to monopoles in hyperbolic space and we use it to construct new spherically symmetric SU(N) hyperbolic monopoles.
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arxiv:hep-th/9903183
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We construct the most general solution in type-II string theory that represents N coincident non-extremal rotating NS5-branes and determine the relevant thermodynamic quantities. We show that in the field theory limit, it has an exact description. In particular, it can be obtained by an O(3,3) duality transformation on the exact string background for the coset model SL(2,R)_{-N}/U(1) \times SU(2)_N. In the extreme supersymmetric limit we recover the multicenter solution, with a ring singularity structure, that has been discussed recently.
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arxiv:hep-th/9903201
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We make use of product integrals to provide an unambiguous mathematical representation of Wilson line and Wilson loop operators. Then, drawing upon various properties of product integrals, we discuss such properties of these operators as approximating them with partial sums, their convergence, and their behavior under gauge transformations. We also obtain a surface product integral representation for the Wilson loop operator. The result can be interpreted as the non-abelian version of Stokes theorem.
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arxiv:hep-th/9903221
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We study the decoupling effects in one-loop corrected N=1 supersymmetric theory with gauge neutral chiral superfields, by calculating the one-loop corrected effective Lagrangian that involves light and heavy fields with the mass scale M, and subsequently eliminating heavy fields by their equations of motion. In addition to new non-renormalizable couplings, we determine the terms that grow as log(M) and renormalize the fields and couplings in the effective field theory, in accordance with the decoupling theorem. However, in a theory derived from superstring theory, these terms can significantly modify low energy predictions for the effective couplings of light fields. For example, in a class of heterotic superstring vacua with an anomalous U(1) the vacuum restabilization introduces such decoupling effects which in turn correct the low energy predictions for certain couplings by 10-50%.
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arxiv:hep-th/9903243
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The possibility that the expansion rate of the Universe, as reflected by the Red Shift, could be produced by the existence of the dilaton field is explored. The analysis starts from previously studied solutions of the Einstein equations for gravity interacting with a massive scalar field. It is firstly underlined that such solutions can produce the observed values of the Hubble constant. Since the Einstein-Klein-Gordon lagrangian could be expected to appear as an effective one for the dilaton in some approximation, the mentioned solutions are applied to study this field. Therefore, the vacuum expectation value for the dilaton is selected to be of the order of the Planck mass, as it is frequently fixed in string phenomenology. Then, it follows that the value of its effective mass should be as low as m=3.9 10^(-29) cm^(-1) in order produce the observed expansion rate. The discussion can also predict a radius of the Universe of the order of 10^(29) cm. Finally, after adopting the view advanced ina previous work, in which these mentioned solutions are associated to interior configurations of collapsed scalar fields, a picture of our Universe as a black hole interior is suggested.
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arxiv:hep-th/9903265
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We investigate maximal gauged supergravity in seven dimensions and some of its solitonic solutions. By focusing on a truncation of the gauged SO(5) R-symmetry group to its U(1)^2 Cartan subgroup, we construct general two charge black holes that are asymptotically anti-de Sitter. We demonstrate that 1- and 2-charge black holes preserve 1/2 and 1/4 of the supersymmetries respectively. Additionally, we examine the odd-dimensional self-duality equation governing the three-form potential transforming as the 5 of SO(5), and provide some insight on the construction of membrane solutions in anti-de Sitter backgrounds.
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arxiv:hep-th/9903269
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We introduce a new invariant for foliations using the even pairing between K-homology and cyclic homology and discuss some possible applications in physics.
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arxiv:hep-th/9904001
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In the conformal-gauge two-dimensional quantum gravity, the solution obtained by the perturbative or path-integral approach is compared with the one obtained by the operator-formalism approach. Treatments of the anomaly problem in both approaches are different. This difference is found to be essentially caused by the fact that the perturbative or path-integral approach is based on the T*-product (covariantized T-product), which generally violates field equations. Indeed, this fact induces some extra one-loop Feynman diagrams, which would not exist unless a nonzero contribution arose from a zero field. Some demerits of the path-integral approach are explicitly demonstrated.
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arxiv:hep-th/9904057
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We give explicit and inductive formulas for the construction of a Lorentz covariant renormalization in the EG approach. This automatically provides for a covariant BPHZ subtraction at totally spacelike momentum useful for massless theories.
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arxiv:hep-th/9904136
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The classification of the regularization ambiguity of 2D fermionic determinant in three different classes according to the number of second-class constraints, including the new faddeevian regularization, is examined and extended. We found a new and important result that the faddeevian class, with three second-class constraints, possess a free continuous one parameter family of elements. The criterion of unitarity restricts the parameter to the same range found earlier by Jackiw and Rajaraman for the two-constraints class. We studied the restriction imposed by the interference of right-left modes of the chiral Schwinger model ($\chi QED_{2}$) using Stone's soldering formalism. The interference effects between right and left movers, producing the massive vectorial photon, are shown to constrain the regularization parameter to belong to the four-constraints class which is the only non-ambiguous class with a unique regularization parameter.
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arxiv:hep-th/9904152
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Recently we have presented in hep-th/9811071 an ansatz which allows us to construct skyrmion fields from the harmonic maps of $S\sp2$ to $CP\sp{N-1}$. In this paper we examine this construction in detail and use it to construct, in an explicit form, new static spherically symmetric solutions of the SU(N) Skyrme models. We also discuss some properties of these solutions.
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arxiv:hep-th/9904160
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We present an approach to studying the Casimir effects by means of the effective theory. An essential point of our approach is replacing the mirror separation into the size of space S^1 in the adiabatic approximation. It is natural to identify the size of space S^1 with the scale factor of the Robertson-Walker-type metric. This replacement simplifies the construction of a class of effective models to study the Casimir effects. To check the validity of this replacement we construct a model for a scalar field coupling to the two-dimensional gravity and calculate the Casimir effects by the effective action for the variable scale factor. Our effective action consists of the classical kinetic term of the mirror separation and the quantum correction derived by the path-integral method. The quantum correction naturally contains both the Casimir energy term and the back-reaction term of the dynamical Casimir effect, the latter of which is expressed by the conformal anomaly. The resultant effective action describes the dynamical vacuum pressure, i.e., the dynamical Casimir force. We confirm that the force depends on the relative velocity of the mirrors, and that it is always attractive and stronger than the static Casimir force within the adiabatic approximation.
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arxiv:hep-th/9904193
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We make some comments on the derivation of N=2 super-conformal field theories with smooth gauge group from M2-branes placed at conifold singularities, giving a detailed prescription for two specific examples: the singular cones over the Q^{111} and M^{110} manifolds.
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arxiv:hep-th/9904198
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We discuss how to obtain an N=(2,2) supersymmetric SU(3) gauge theory in two dimensions via geometric engineering from a Calabi-Yau 4-fold and compute its non-perturbative twisted chiral potential. The relevant compact part of the 4-fold geometry consists of two intersecting P^1's fibered over P^2. The rigid limit of the local mirror of this geometry is a complex surface that generalizes the Seiberg-Witten curve and on which there exist two holomorphic 2-forms. These stem from the same meromorphic 2-form as derivatives w.r.t. the two moduli, respectively. The middle periods of this meromorphic form give directly the twisted chiral potential. The explicit computation of these and of the four-point Yukawa couplings allows for a non-trivial test of the analogue of rigid special geometry for a 4-fold with several moduli.
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arxiv:hep-th/9904218
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As a test of the conjectured QCD/supergravity duality, we consider mass gaps in the supergravity construction of QCD_2. We find a mass gap in the dual field theory both when using non-rotating and rotating black D2-branes as backgrounds in the supergravity construction of QCD_2. So, since pure QCD_2 does not have a mass gap, the dual field theory of the supergravity construction of QCD_2 cannot be pure QCD_2. Considering the mass scales in the dual field theory of the supergravity construction of QCD_2, we find that this is explainable both in the case of the non-rotating background and of the rotating background. In particular, the mass gap in the case of the rotating background can be explained using results of the large angular momentum limit of euclidean rotating branes, obtained recently by Cvetic and Gubser. We furthermore remark on the possible implications for the mass gaps in the supergravity constructions of QCD_3 and QCD_4.
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arxiv:hep-th/9905067
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We discuss higher loop corrections to gauge coupling renormalization in the context of gauge coupling unification via Kaluza-Klein thresholds. We show that in the case N=1 supersymmetric compactifications the one-loop threshold contributions are dominant, while the higher loop correction are subleading. This is due to the fact that at heavy Kaluza-Klein levels the spectrum as well as the interactions are N=2 supersymmetric. In particular, we give two different arguments leading to this result - one is field theoretic, while the second one utilizes the power of string perturbation techniques. To illustrate our discussions we perform explicit two-loop computations of various corrections to gauge couplings within this framework. We also remark on phenomenological applications of our discussions in the context of TeV-scale brane world.
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arxiv:hep-th/9905137
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Thermodynamics of d=4, N=4 supersymmetric SU(N) Yang-Mills theory is studied with particular attention on perturbative expansion at weak `t Hooft coupling regime and interpolation to strong coupling regime thereof. Non-ideal gas effect to free-energy is calculated and found that leading- and next-to-leading-order corrections contribute with relative opposite sign. Pade approximant method is adopted to improve fixed-order, perturbative series and is found to decrease free-energy monotonically as `t Hooft coupling parameter is increased. This may be regarded as an indication of smooth interpolation of thermodynamics between weak and strong `t Hooft coupling regimes, as suggested by Maldacena's AdS/CFT correspondence.
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arxiv:hep-th/9905205
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The question of how infalling matter in a pure state forms a Schwarzschild black hole that appears to be at non-zero temperature is discussed in the context of the AdS/CFT connection. It is argued that the phenomenon of self-thermalization in non-linear (chaotic) systems can be invoked to explain how the boundary theory, initially at zero temperature self thermalizes and acquires a finite temperature. Yang-Mills theory is known to be chaotic (classically) and the imaginary part of the gluon self-energy (damping rate of the gluon plasma) is expected to give the Lyapunov exponent. We explain how the imaginary part would arise in the corresponding supergravity calculation due to absorption at the horizon of the black hole.
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arxiv:hep-th/9905219
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We realize the two dimensional anti-de Sitter ($AdS_2$) space as a Kaluza-Klein reduction of the $AdS_3$ space in the framework of the discrete light cone quantization (DLCQ). Introducing DLCQ coordinates which interpolate the original (unboosted) coordinates and the light cone coordinates, we discuss that $AdS_2/CFT$ correspondence can be deduced from the $AdS_3/CFT$. In particular, we elaborate on the deformation of WZW model to obtain the boundary theory for the $AdS_2$ black hole. This enables us to derive the entropy of the $AdS_2$ black hole from that of the $AdS_3$ black hole.
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arxiv:hep-th/9906078
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The self-dual Chern-Simons solitons under the influence of the quantum potential are considered. The single-valuedness condition for an arbitrary integer number $N \ge 0$ of solitons leads to quantization of Chern-Simons coupling constant $\kappa = m {e^{2} \over g}$, and the integer strength of quantum potential $s = 1 - m^{2}$. As we show, the Jackiw-Pi model corresponds to the first member (m = 1) of our hierarchy of the Chern-Simons gauged nonlinear Schr\"odinger models, admitting self-dual solitons. New type of exponentially localized Chern-Simons solitons for the Bloch electrons near the hyperbolic energy band boundary are found.
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arxiv:hep-th/9906104
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Recent work in the literature has proposed the use of non-local boundary conditions in Euclidean quantum gravity. The present paper studies first a more general form of such a scheme for bosonic gauge theories, by adding to the boundary operator for mixed boundary conditions of local nature a two-by-two matrix of pseudo-differential operators with pseudo-homogeneous kernels. The request of invariance of such boundary conditions under infinitesimal gauge transformations leads to non-local boundary conditions on ghost fields. In Euclidean quantum gravity, an alternative scheme is proposed, where non-local boundary conditions and the request of their complete gauge invariance are sufficient to lead to gauge-field and ghost operators of pseudo-differential nature. The resulting boundary conditions have a Dirichlet and a pseudo-differential sector, and are pure Dirichlet for the ghost. This approach is eventually extended to Euclidean Maxwell theory.
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arxiv:hep-th/9906169
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We study M-theory fivebranes wrapped on Special Lagrangian submanifolds ($\S_n$) in Calabi-Yau three- and fourfolds. When the M5 wraps a four-cycle, the resulting theory is a two-dimensional domain wall embedded in three-dimensional bulk with four supercharges. The theory on the wall is specified in terms of the geometry of the CY manifold and the cycle $\S_4$. It is chiral and anomalous, however the presence of a three-dimensional gravitational Chern-Simons terms with a coefficient that jumps when crossing the wall allows to cancel the anomaly by inflow. Kahler manifolds of special type, where the potential depends only on the real part of the complex coordinate, are shown to emerge as the target spaces of two-dimensional sigma-models when the M5 is wrapped on $\S_3 \times S^1$, thus providing a physical realization of some recent symplectic construction by Hitchin.
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arxiv:hep-th/9906190
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We study the quantum mechanical model obtained as a dimensional reduction of N=1 super Yang-Mills theory to a periodic light-cone "time". After mapping the theory to a cohomological field theory, the partition function (with periodic boundary conditions) regularized by a massive term appears to be equal to the partition function of the twisted matrix oscillator. We show that this partition function perturbed by the operator of the holonomy around the time circle is a tau function of Toda hierarchy. We solve the model in the large N limit and study the universal properties of the solution in the scaling limit of vanishing perturbation. We find in this limit a phase transition of Gross-Witten type.
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arxiv:hep-th/9907058
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Classical properties of 1/4 BPS dyons were previously well understood both in field theory context and in string theory context. Its quantum properties, however, have been more difficult to probe, although the elementary information of the supermultiplet structures is known from a perturbative construction. Recently, a low energy effective theory of monopoles was constructed and argued to contain these dyons as quantum bound states. In this paper, we find these dyonic bound states explicitly in the N=4 supersymmetric low energy effective theory. After identifying the correct angular momentum operators, we motivate an anti-self-dual ansatz for all BPS bound states. The wavefunctions are found explicitly, whose spin contents and degeneracies match exactly the expected results.
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arxiv:hep-th/9907090
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We reconsider the options for cosmological holography. We suggest that a global and time--symmetric version of the Fischler-Susskind bound is the most natural generalization of the holographic bound encountered in AdS and De Sitter space. A consistent discussion of cosmological holography seems to imply an understanding of the notion of ``number of degrees of freedom'' that deviates from its simple definition as the entropy of the current state. The introduction of a more adequate notion of degree of freedom makes the suggested variation of the Fischler-Susskind bound look like a stringent and viable bound in all 4--dimensional cosmologies without a cosmological constant.
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arxiv:hep-th/9907115
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