text
stringlengths 4
118k
| source
stringlengths 15
79
|
|---|---|
We calculate the geometric phase of a spin-1/2 system driven by a one and two mode quantum field subject to decoherence. Using the quantum jump approach, we show that the corrections to the phase in the no-jump trajectory are different when considering an adiabatic and non-adiabatic evolution. We discuss the implications of our results from both the fundamental as well as quantum computational perspective.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0306178
|
A new algorithm for estimating the fraction of numbers that is present in a superpositional state which satisfies a given condition,is introduced.This algorithm is conceptually simple and does not require quantum Fourier transform.Also the number of steps required does not depend on the size of the data base to be searched.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0306181
|
For angular observables pairs (angular momentum-angle and number-phase) the adequate reference element of normality is not the Robertson-Schr\"{o}dinger uncertainty relation but a Schwarz formula regarding the quantum fluctuations. Beyond such a fact the traditional interpretation of the uncertainty relations appears as an unjustified doctrine.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0307007
|
The fundamental gates of linear optics quantum computation are realized by using single photons sources, linear optics and photon counters. Success of these gates is conditioned on the pattern of photons detected without using feedback. Here it is shown that the maximum probability of success of these gates is typically strictly less than 1. For the one-mode non-linear sign shift, the probability of success is bounded by 1/2. For the conditional sign shift of two modes, this probability is bounded by 3/4. These bounds are still substantially larger than the highest probabilities shown to be achievable so far, which are 1/4 and 2/27, respectively.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0307015
|
Galilean invariant Schr\"odinger equations possessing nonlinear terms coupling the amplitude and the phase of the wave function can violate the Ehrenfest theorem. An example of this kind is provided. The example leads to the proof of the theorem: A Galilean invariant Schr\"odinger equation derived from a lagrangian density obeys the Ehrenfest theorem. The theorem holds for any linear or nonlinear lagrangian.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0307018
|
We present numerical results on the capacities of two-qubit unitary operations for creating entanglement and increasing the Holevo information of an ensemble. In all cases tested, the maximum values calculated for the capacities based on the Holevo information are close to the capacities based on the entanglement. This indicates that the capacities based on the Holevo information, which are very difficult to calculate, may be estimated from the capacities based upon the entanglement, which are relatively straightforward to calculate.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0307058
|
We classify multipartite entangled states in the 2 x 2 x n (n >= 4) quantum system, for example the 4-qubit system distributed over 3 parties, under local filtering operations. We show that there exist nine essentially different classes of states, and they give rise to a five-graded partially ordered structure, including the celebrated Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) and W classes of 3 qubits. In particular, all 2 x 2 x n-states can be deterministically prepared from one maximally entangled state, and some applications like entanglement swapping are discussed.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0307067
|
The quantum Zeno effect -- suppression of decay by frequent measurements -- was believed to occur only when the response of the detector is so quick that the initial tiny deviation from the exponential decay law is detectable. However, we show that it can occur even for exactly exponentially decaying systems, for which this condition is never satisfied, by considering a realistic case where the detector has a finite energy band of detection. The conventional theories correspond to the limit of an infinite bandwidth. This implies that the Zeno effect occurs more widely than expected so far.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0307075
|
We have investigated both theoretically and experimentally dipolar relaxation in a gas of magnetically trapped chromium atoms. We have found that the large magnetic moment of 6 $\mu_B$ results in an event rate coefficient for dipolar relaxation processes of up to $3.2\cdot10^{-11}$ cm$^{3}$s$^{-1}$ at a magnetic field of 44 G. We present a theoretical model based on pure dipolar coupling, which predicts dipolar relaxation rates in agreement with our experimental observations. This very general approach can be applied to a large variety of dipolar gases.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0307184
|
We qualify the entanglement of arbitrary mixed states of bipartite quantum systems by comparing global and marginal mixednesses quantified by different entropic measures. For systems of two qubits we discriminate the class of maximally entangled states with fixed marginal mixednesses, and determine an analytical upper bound relating the entanglement of formation to the marginal linear entropies. This result partially generalizes to mixed states the quantification of entaglement with marginal mixednesses holding for pure states. We identify a class of entangled states that, for fixed marginals, are globally more mixed than product states when measured by the linear entropy. Such states cannot be discriminated by the majorization criterion.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0307192
|
In this paper we study in details a system of two weakly coupled harmonic oscillators. This system may be viewed as a simple model for the interaction between a photon and a photodetector. We obtain exact solutions for the general case. We then compute approximate solutions for the case of a single photon (where one oscillator is initially in its first excited state) reaching a photodetector in its ground state (the other oscillator). The approximate solutions represent the state of both the photon and the photodetector after the interaction, which is not an eigenstate of the individual hamiltonians for each particle, and therefore the energies for each particle do not exist in the Copenhagen interpretation of Quantum Mechanics. We use the approximate solutions that we obtained to compute bohmian trajectories and to study the energy transfer between the two particles. We conclude that even using the bohmian view the energy of each individual particle is not well defined, as the nonlocal quantum potential is not negligible even after the coupling is turned off.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0307193
|
Strong subadditivity inequality for a three-particle composite system is an important inequality in quantum information theory which can be studied via a four-particle entangled state. We use two three-level atoms in $\Lambda$ configuration interacting with a two-mode cavity and the Raman adiabatic passage technique for the production of the four-particle entangled state. Using this four-particle entanglement, we study for the first time various aspects of the strong subadditivity inequality.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0307206
|
We consider coGapSVP_\sqrt{n}, a gap version of the shortest vector in a lattice problem. This problem is known to be in AM\cap coNP but is not known to be in NP or in MA. We prove that it lies inside QMA, the quantum analogue of NP. This is the first non-trivial upper bound on the quantum complexity of a lattice problem. The proof relies on two novel ideas. First, we give a new characterization of QMA, called QMA+. Working with the QMA+ formulation allows us to circumvent a problem which arises commonly in the context of QMA: the prover might use entanglement between different copies of the same state in order to cheat. The second idea involves using estimations of autocorrelation functions for verification. We make the important observation that autocorrelation functions are positive definite functions and using properties of such functions we severely restrict the prover's possibility to cheat. We hope that these ideas will lead to further developments in the field.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0307220
|
Common observations of the unpredictability of human behavior and the influence of one question on the answer to another suggest social science experiments are probabilistic and may be mutually incompatible with one another, characteristics attributed to quantum mechanics (as distinguished from classical mechanics). This paper examines this superficial similarity in depth using the Foulis-Randall Operational Statistics language. In contradistinction to physics, social science deals with complex, open systems for which the set of possible experiments is unknowable and outcome interference is a graded phenomenon resulting from the ways the human brain processes information. It is concluded that social science is, in some ways, "less classical" than quantum mechanics, but that generalized "quantum" structures may provide appropriate descriptions of social science experiments. Specific challenges to extending "quantum" structures to social science are identified.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0307234
|
The relations of antilinear maps, bipartite states and quantum channels is summarized. Antilinear maps are applied to describe bipartite states and entanglement. Teleportation is treated in this general formalism with an emphasis on conditional schemes applying partially entangled pure states. It is shown that in such schemes the entangled state shared by the parties, and those measured by the sender should ``match'' each other.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0308020
|
With a view to eliminate an important misconception in some recent publications, we give a brief review of the notion of a pseudo-Hermitian operator, outline pseudo-Hermitian quantum mechanics, and discuss its basic difference with the indefinite-metric quantum mechanics. In particular, we show that the answer to the question posed in the title is a definite No.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0308028
|
This work proposes numerical tests which determine whether a two-qubit operator has an atypically simple quantum circuit. Specifically, we describe formulae, written in terms of matrix coefficients, characterizing operators implementable with exactly zero, one, or two controlled-not (CNOT) gates and all other gates being one-qubit. We give an algorithm for synthesizing two-qubit circuits with optimal number of CNOT gates, and illustrate it on operators appearing in quantum algorithms by Deutsch-Josza, Shor and Grover. In another application, our explicit numerical tests allow timing a given Hamiltonian to compute a CNOT modulo one-qubit gates, when this is possible.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0308045
|
Alice communicates with words drawn uniformly amongst $\{\ket{j}\}_{j=1..n}$, the canonical orthonormal basis. Sometimes however Alice interleaves quantum decoys $\{\frac{\ket{j}+i\ket{k}}{\sqrt{2}}\}$ between her messages. Such pairwise superpositions of possible words cannot be distinguished from the message words. Thus as malevolent Eve observes the quantum channel, she runs the risk of damaging the superpositions (by causing a collapse). At the receiving end honest Bob, whom we assume is warned of the quantum decoys' distribution, checks upon their integrity with a measurement. The present work establishes, in the case of individual attacks, the tradeoff between Eve's information gain (her chances, if a message word was sent, of guessing which) and the disturbance she induces (Bob's chances, if a quantum decoy was sent, to detect tampering). Besides secure channel protocols, quantum decoys seem a powerful primitive for constructing n-dimensional quantum cryptographic applications. Moreover the methods employed in this article should be of strong interest to anyone concerned with the old but fundamental problem of how much information may be gained about a system, versus how much this will disturb the system, in quantum mechanics. Keywords: d-level systems cryptography
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0308050
|
We prove that the binegativity is always positive for any two-qubit state. As a result, as suggested by the previous works, the asymptotic relative entropy of entanglement in two qubits does not exceed the Rains bound, and the PPT-entanglement cost for any two-qubit state is determined to be the logarithmic negativity of the state. Further, the proof reveals some geometrical characteristics of the entangled states, and shows that the partial transposition can give another separable approximation of the entangled state in two qubits.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0308056
|
We introduce a formalism of nonlinear canonical transformations for general systems of multiphoton quantum optics. For single-mode systems the transformations depend on a tunable free parameter, the homodyne local oscillator angle; for n-mode systems they depend on n heterodyne mixing angles. The canonical formalism realizes nontrivial mixings of pairs of conjugate quadratures of the electromagnetic field in terms of homodyne variables for single-mode systems; and in terms of heterodyne variables for multimode systems. In the first instance the transformations yield nonquadratic model Hamiltonians of degenerate multiphoton processes and define a class of non Gaussian, nonclassical multiphoton states that exhibit properties of coherence and squeezing. We show that such homodyne multiphoton squeezed states are generated by unitary operators with a nonlinear time evolution that realizes the homodyne mixing of a pair of conjugate quadratures. Tuning of the local oscillator angle allows to vary at will the statistical properties of such states. We discuss the relevance of the formalism for the study of degenerate (up-)down-conversion processes. In a companion paper, ``Structure of multiphoton quantum optics. II. Bipartite systems, physical processes, and heterodyne squeezed states'', we provide the extension of the nonlinear canonical formalism to multimode systems, we introduce the associated heterodyne multiphoton squeezed states, and we discuss their possible experimental realization.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0308081
|
We propose a directly measurable criterion for the entanglement of two qubits. We compare the criterion with other criteria, and we find that for pure states, and some mixed states, it coincides with the state's concurrency. The measure can be obtained with a Bell state analyser and the ability to make general local unitary transformations. However, the procedure fails to measure the entanglement of a general mixed two-qubit state.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0308091
|
An optical source that produces single photon pulses on demand has potential applications in linear optics quantum computation, provided that stringent requirements on indistinguishability and collection efficiency of the generated photons are met. We show that these are conflicting requirements for anharmonic emitters that are incoherently pumped via reservoirs. As a model for a coherently pumped single photon source, we consider cavity-assisted spin-flip Raman transitions in a single charged quantum dot embedded in a microcavity. We demonstrate that using such a source, arbitrarily high collection efficiency and indistinguishability of the generated photons can be obtained simultaneously with increased cavity coupling. We analyze the role of errors that arise from distinguishability of the single photon pulses in linear optics quantum gates by relating the gate fidelity to the strength of the two-photon interference dip in photon cross-correlation measurements. We find that performing controlled phase operations with error < 1% requires nano-cavities with Purcell factors F_P >= 40 in the absence of dephasing, without necessitating the strong coupling limit.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0308117
|
Two measures of sensitivity to eavesdropping for alphabets of quantum states were recently introduced by Fuchs and Sasaki in quant-ph/0302092. These are the accessible fidelity and quantumness. In this paper we prove an important property of both measures: They are multiplicative under tensor products. The proof in the case of accessible fidelity shows a connection between the measure and characteristics of entanglement-breaking quantum channels.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0308120
|
Hall's recent derivation of an exact uncertainty relation [Phys. Rev. A64, 052103 (2001)] is revisited. It is found that the Bayes estimator of an observable between pre- and postselection equals the real part of the weak value. The quadratic loss function equals the expectation of the squared imaginary part of the weak value.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0308137
|
In spite of the very common opinion we show that QM is not complete and that it is possible to create prequantum models providing finer description of physical reality than QM. There exists (at least in theoretical models) dispersion free states and the Heisenberg uncertainty principle can be violated. Thus in spite of all ``No-Go'' theorems (e.g., von Neumann, Kochen and Specker,..., Bell) we found a realist basis of quantum mechanics. I think that our model would totally satisfy A. Einstein who was sure that QM is not complete and a finer description is possible.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0308166
|
Fingerprinting is a technique in communication complexity in which two parties (Alice and Bob) with large data sets send short messages to a third party (a referee), who attempts to compute some function of the larger data sets. For the equality function, the referee attempts to determine whether Alice's data and Bob's data are the same. In this paper, we consider the extreme scenario of performing fingerprinting where Alice and Bob both send either one bit (classically) or one qubit (in the quantum regime) messages to the referee for the equality problem. Restrictive bounds are demonstrated for the error probability of one-bit fingerprinting schemes, and show that it is easy to construct one-qubit fingerprinting schemes which can outperform any one-bit fingerprinting scheme. The author hopes that this analysis will provide results useful for performing physical experiments, which may help to advance implementations for more general quantum communication protocols.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0309036
|
In this work we establish a link between two apparently unrelated subjects: polarization effects in optical fibers and devices, and the quantum theory of weak measurements. We show that the abstract concept of weak measurements followed by post-selection, introduced a decade ago by quantum theorists, naturally appears in the everyday physics of telecom networks.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0309055
|
The key step in classical convolution and correlation algorithms, the componentwise multiplication of vectors after initial Fourier Transforms, is shown to be physically impossible to do on quantum states. Then this is used to show that computing the convolution or correlation of quantum state coefficients violates quantum mechanics, making convolution and correlation of quantum coefficients physically impossible.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0309070
|
Temporal fluctuations in the Hadamard walk on circles are studied. A temporal standard deviation of probability that a quantum random walker is positive at a given site is introduced to manifest striking differences between quantum and classical random walks. An analytical expression of the temporal standard deviation on a circle with odd sites is shown and its asymptotic behavior is considered for large system size. In contrast with classical random walks, the temporal fluctuation of quantum random walks depends on the position and initial conditions, since temporal standard deviation of the classical case is zero for any site. It indicates that the temporal fluctuation of the Hadamard walk can be controlled.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0309204
|
A local realistic theory is presented for Mermin's special case of the EPRB experiment. The theory, which is readily extended to the general EPRB experiment, reproduces all the predictions of quantum theory. It also reveals that Bell, and also Hess and Philipp, had made an error in the mathematical formulation of Einstein's locality or no action at a distance principle.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0309219
|
The density matrix of composite spin system is discussed in relation to the adjoint representation of unitary group U(n). The entanglement structure is introduced as an additional ingredient to the description of the linear space carrying the adjoint representation. Positive maps of density operator are related to random matrices. The tomographic probability description of quantum states is used to formulate the problem of separability and entanglement as the condition for joint probability distribution of several random variables represented as the convex sum of products of probabilities of random variables describing the subsystems. The property is discussed as a possible criterion for separability or entanglement. The convenient criterion of positivity of finite and infinite matrix is obtained. The U(n)-tomogram of a multiparticle spin state is introduced. The entanglement measure is considered in terms of this tomogram.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0310022
|
A method is described for calculating the heat generated in a quantum computer due to loss of quantum phase information. Amazingly enough, this heat generation can take place at zero temperature. and may explain why it is impossible to extract energy from vacuum fluctuations. Implications for optical computers and quantum cosmology are also briefly discussed.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0310074
|
We demonstrate fractal noise in the quantum evolution of wave packets moving either ballistically or diffusively in periodic and quasiperiodic tight-binding lattices, respectively. For the ballistic case with various initial superpositions we obtain a space-time self-affine fractal $\Psi(x,t)$ which verify the predictions by Berry for "a particle in a box", in addition to quantum revivals. For the diffusive case self-similar fractal evolution is also obtained. These universal fractal features of quantum theory might be useful in the field of quantum information, for creating efficient quantum algorithms, and can possibly be detectable in scattering from nanostructures.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0310125
|
We present efficient circuits that can be used for the phase space tomography of quantum states. The circuits evaluate individual values or selected averages of the Wigner, Kirkwood and Husimi distributions. These quantum gate arrays can be programmed by initializing appropriate computational states. The Husimi circuit relies on a subroutine that is also interesting in its own right: the efficient preparation of a coherent state, which is the ground state of the Harper Hamiltonian.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0310126
|
We derive the general formula for Lorentz-transformed spin density matrix. It is shown that an appropriate Lorentz transformation can prduce totally unpolarized state out of pure one. Further properties, as depurification by an arbitrary Lorentz boost and its relation to the localization properties are also discussed.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0310132
|
Alice can distribute a quantum state $|\phi>$ to $N$ spatially separated parties(say Bobs) by telecloning. It is possible for Charlie to reconstruct the quantum state to him if he shares same kind of telecloning quantum channel with Bobs using only LOCC. For N=3 reconstruction can be done faithfully using Smolin's 4 party unlockable bound entangled state as shared channel. In this note we investigate, in multiparty setting, the general structure of quantum channel and protocol by which faithful distribution and concentration of quantum information can be done.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0311013
|
Accurate control of quantum evolution is an essential requirement for quantum state engineering, laser chemistry, quantum information and quantum computing. Conditions of controllability for systems with a finite number of energy levels have been extensively studied. By contrast, results for controllability in infinite dimensions have been mostly negative, stating that full control cannot be achieved with a finite dimensional control Lie algebra. Here we show that by adding a discrete operation to a Lie algebra it is possible to obtain full control in infinite dimensions with a small number of control operators.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0311034
|
Quantum teleportation of a squeezed state is demonstrated experimentally. Due to some inevitable losses in experiments, a squeezed vacuum necessarily becomes a mixed state which is no longer a minimum uncertainty state. We establish an operational method of evaluation for quantum teleportation of such a state using fidelity, and discuss the classical limit for the state. The measured fidelity for the input state is 0.85$\pm$ 0.05 which is higher than the classical case of 0.73$\pm$0.04. We also verify that the teleportation process operates properly for the nonclassical state input and its squeezed variance is certainly transferred through the process. We observe the smaller variance of the teleported squeezed state than that for the vacuum state input.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0311056
|
It is shown that in the case of the one-particle one-dimensional scattering problem for a given time-independent potential, for each state of the whole quantum ensemble of identically prepared particles, there is an unique pair of (subensemble's) solutions to the Schr\"odinger equation, which, as we postulate, describe separately transmission and reflection: in the case of nonstationary states, for any instant of time, these functions are orthogonal and their sum describes the state of all particles; evolving with constant norms, one of them approaches at late times the transmitted wave packet and another approaches the reflected packet. Both for transmission and reflection, 1) well before and after the scattering event, the average kinetic energy of particles is the same, 2) the average starting point differs, in the general case, from that for all particles. It is shown that for reflection, in the case of symmetric potential barriers, the domain of the motion of particles is bounded by the midpoint of the barrier region. We define (exact and asymptotic) transmission and reflection times and show that the basic results of our formalism can be, in principle, checked experimentally.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0311090
|
Experimental realization of quantum information processing in the field of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has been well established. Implementation of conditional phase shift gate has been a significant step, which has lead to realization of important algorithms such as Grover's search algorithm and quantum Fourier transform. This gate has so far been implemented in NMR by using coupling evolution method. We demonstrate here the implementation of the conditional phase shift gate using transition selective pulses. As an application of the gate, we demonstrate Grover's search algorithm and quantum Fourier transform by simulations and experiments using transition selective pulses.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0311103
|
It is shown how the essentials of quantum theory, i.e., the Schroedinger equation and the Heisenberg uncertainty relations, can be derived from classical physics. Next to the empirically grounded quantisation of energy and momentum, the only input is given by the assumption of fluctuations in energy and momentum to be added to the classical motion. Extending into the relativistic regime for spinless particles, this procedure leads also to a derivation of the Klein-Gordon equation. Comparing classical Hamiltonian flow with quantum theory, then, the essential difference is given by a vanishing divergence of the velocity of the probability current in the former, whereas the latter results from a much less stringent requirement, i.e., that only the average over fluctuations and positions of the average divergence be identical to zero.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0311109
|
We propose a scheme for measuring the squeezing, purity, and entanglement of Gaussian states of light that does not require homodyne detection. The suggested setup only needs beam splitters and single-photon detectors. Two-mode entanglement can be detected from coincidences between photodetectors placed on the two beams.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0311119
|
The conventional decomposition of a vector field into longitudinal (potential) and transverse (vortex) components (Helmholtz's theorem) is claimed in [1] to be inapplicable to the time-dependent vector fields and, in particular, to the retarded solutions of Maxwell's equations. Because of this, according to [1], a number of conclusions drawn in [2] on the basis of the Helmholtz theorem turns out to be erroneous. The Helmholtz theorem is proved in this letter to hold for arbitrary vector field, both static and time-dependent. Therefore, the conclusions of the paper [2] questioned in [1] are true. The validity of Helmholtz's theorem in the general case is due to the fact that the decomposition above of vector field does not influence the field time coordinate, which plays, thus, a passive role in the decomposition procedure. An analysis is given of the mistakes made in [1]. It is noted that for point particle the longitudinal and transverse components of electric field, taken separately, are characterized by the infinitely great velocity of propagation. However, superluminal contributions to the expression for the total electric field cancel each other.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0311124
|
We demonstrate experimentally and theoretically that a coherent image of a pure phase object may be obtained by use of a spatially incoherent illumination beam. This is accomplished by employing a two-beam source of entangled photons generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion. Though each of the beams is, in and of itself, spatially incoherent, the pair of beams exhibits higher-order inter-beam coherence. One of the beams probes the phase object while the other is scanned. The image is recorded by measuring the photon coincidence rate using a photon-counting detector in each beam. Using a reflection configuration, we successfully imaged a phase object implemented by a MEMS micro-mirror array. The experimental results are in accord with theoretical predictions.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0311147
|
We consider finite macroscopic systems, i.e., systems of large but finite degrees of freedom, which we believe are poorly understood as compared with small systems and infinite systems. We focus on pure states that do not have the `cluster property.' Such a pure state is entangled macroscopically, and is quite anomalous in view of many-body physics because it does not approach any pure state in the infinite-size limit. However, we often encounter such anomalous states when studying finite macroscopic systems, such as quantum computers with many qubits and finite systems that will exhibit symmetry breaking in the infinite-size limit. We study stabilities of such anomalous states in general systems. In contrast to the previous works, we obtain general and universal results, by making full use of the locality of the theory. Using the general results, we discuss roles of anomalous states in quantum computers, and the mechanism of emergence of a classical world from quantum theory.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0311176
|
We investigate the canonical forms of positive partial transposition (PPT) density matrices in ${\cal C}^2 \otimes {\cal C}^M \otimes {\cal C}^N$ composite quantum systems with rank $N$. A general expression for these PPT states are explicitly obtained. From this canonical form a sufficient separability condition is presented.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0312031
|
We use the Weizsacker-Williams method to deduce the radiated power, and its angular distribution, emitted by an electron of charge that undergoes simple harmonic motion.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0312038
|
A decoherence mechanism caused by spacetime curvature is discussed. The spin state of a particle is shown to decohere if only the particle moves in a curved spacetime. In particular, when a particle is near the event horizon of a black hole, an extremely rapid spin decoherence occurs for an observer who is static in a Killing time, however slow the particle's motion is.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0312064
|
In the context of Quantum Information (QI) the ''Faraday Mirror'' acts as a non-universal NOT Gate. As such its behaviour complies with the principles of quantum mechanics. This non trivial result, at the core of some recent misinterpretations in the QI community, has been reached by a thorough experimental investigation of the properties of the device including the adoption of modern Quantum Process Tomography. In addition, the ''universal optical compensation'' method devised by Mario Martinelli, of common use in long distance quantum-cryptography, has been fully investigated theoretically and experimentally.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0312113
|
We present an analysis of the structure of Bell inequalities, mainly for the case of N qubits with two observables each. We show that these inequalities are related to Hadamard matrices and define Bell polynomials (in one variable) as an additional tool. With these aids we raise several conditions the coefficients of Bell inequalities must satisfy, and recursively generate the whole set of inequalities starting from N=1. Moreover, we prove some characteristic features of this set, such as that most of the inequalities contain all expectation values under consideration. Finally, we show how the presented results can be used to construct Bell inequalities with certain properties. An outlook on further research topics concludes the paper.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0312117
|
It has been recently suggested that the dynamics of a quantum spin system may provide a natural mechanism for transporting quantum information. We show that one dimensional rings of qubits with fixed (time-independent) interactions, constant around the ring, allow high fidelity communication of quantum states. We show that the problem of maximising the fidelity of the quantum communication is related to a classical problem in fourier wave analysis. By making use of this observation we find that if both communicating parties have access to limited numbers of qubits in the ring (a fraction that vanishes in the limit of large rings) it is possible to make the communication arbitrarily good.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0312141
|
I show that an experimental technique used in nuclear physics may be successfully applied to quantum teleportation (QT) of spin states of massive matter. A new non-local physical effect the `quantum-teleportation-effect' is discovered for the nuclear polarization measurement. Enhancement of the neutron polarization is expected in the proposed experiment for QT that discriminates {\it only} one of the Bell states.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0312153
|
We present detailed analytical calculations for an 1D Ising ring of arbitrary number of spin-1/2 particles, in order to reveal entanglement properties of the stationary states. We show that the ground state and specific eigenstates of the Ising Hamiltonian posses remarkable entanglement properties that can reveal new insight into quantum correlations present in the Ising model. This correlations might be exploited in quantum information processing. We propose an intuitive picture of the behaviour of multipartite entanglement and discuss a relation of our results to some aspects of phase transitions in the Ising model.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0312154
|
We withdraw our paper as the factorizability of the correlation functions is unproven.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0312177
|
We proposed a scheme to realize a controlled-NOT quantum logic gate in a dimer of exchange coupled single-molecule magnets, $[\textrm{Mn}_4]_2$. We chosen the ground state and the three low-lying excited states of a dimer in a finite longitudinal magnetic field as the quantum computing bases and introduced a pulsed transverse magnetic field with a special frequency. The pulsed transverse magnetic field induces the transitions between the quantum computing bases so as to realize a controlled-NOT quantum logic gate. The transition rates between the quantum computing bases and between the quantum computing bases and other excited states are evaluated and analyzed.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0312180
|
This paper proposes quantum image reconstruction. Input-triggered selection of an image among many stored ones, and its reconstruction if the input is occluded or noisy, has been simulated by a computer program implementable in a real quantum-physical system. It is based on the Hopfield associative net; the quantum-wave implementation bases on holography. The main limitations of the classical Hopfield net are much reduced with the new, original -- quantum-optical -- implementation. Image resolution can be almost arbitrarily increased.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0401016
|
The Weyl relations, the harmonic oscillator, the hydrogen atom, the Dirac equation on the lattice are presented with the help of the difference equations and the orthogonal polynomials of discrete variable. This area of research is attracting more interest due to the lattice field theories and the hypothesis of a finite space.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0401077
|
We experimentally demonstrate two-photon absorption (TPA) with broadband down-converted light (squeezed vacuum). Although incoherent and exhibiting the statistics of a thermal noise, broadband down-converted light can induce TPA with the same sharp temporal behavior as femtosecond pulses, while exhibiting the high spectral resolution of the narrowband pump laser. Using pulse-shaping methods, we coherently control TPA in Rubidium, demonstrating spectral and temporal resolutions that are 3-5 orders of magnitude below the actual bandwidth and temporal duration of the light itself. Such properties can be exploited in various applications such as spread-spectrum optical communications, tomography and nonlinear microscopy.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0401088
|
In this paper we will give a short presentation of the quantum Levy-Khinchin formula and of the formulation of quantum continual measurements based on stochastic differential equations, matters which we had the pleasure to work on in collaboration with Prof. Holevo. Then we will begin the study of various entropies and relative entropies, which seem to be promising quantities for measuring the information content of the continual measurement under consideration and for analysing its asymptotic behaviour.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0401114
|
In this paper we extend Hardy's nonlocality proof for two spin-1/2 particles [PRL 71 (1993) 1665] to the case of n spin-1/2 particles configured in the generalized GHZ state. We show that, for all n \geq 3, any entangled GHZ state violates the Bell inequality associated with the Hardy experiment. This feature is important since it has been shown [PRL 88 (2002) 210402] that, for all n odd, there are entangled GHZ states that do not violate any standard n-particle correlation Bell inequality.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0401122
|
The nonnegative Wigner function of all quantum states involved in teleportation of Gaussian states using the standard continuous-variable teleportation protocol means that there is a local realistic phase-space description of the process. This includes the coherent states teleported up to now in experiments. We extend the phase-space description to teleportation of non-Gaussian states using the standard protocol and conclude that teleportation of non-Gaussian states with fidelity of 2/3 is a "gold standard" for this kind of teleportation.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0401149
|
A detector undergoing uniform acceleration $a$ in a vacuum field responds just as though it were immersed in thermal radiation of temperature $T=\hbar a/2\pi k c$. A simple, intuitive derivation of this result is given for the case of a scalar field in one spatial dimension. The approach is then extended to treat the case where the field seen by the accelerated observer is a spin-1/2 Dirac field.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0401170
|
Decoherence effect on quantum entanglement of two optical qubits in a lossy cavity interacting with a nonlinear medium (Kerr nonlinearity) is analyzed. The qubits are assumed to be initially in the maximally entangled states (Bell or Bell-like states) or the maximally entangled mixed states, on the example of Werner and Werner-like states. Two kinds of measures of the entanglement are considered: the concurrence to describe a decay of the entanglement of formation of the qubits, and the negativity to determine a decay of the entanglement cost under positive-partial-transpose-preserving operations. It is observed that the Kerr nonlinearity, in the discussed decoherence model, does not affect the entanglement of the qubits initially in the Bell or Werner states, although the evolution of the qubits can depend on this nonlinearity explicitly. However, it is shown that for the initial Bell-like state and the corresponding Werner-like state, the loss of the entanglement can be periodically reduced by inserting the Kerr nonlinearity in the lossy cavity. Moreover, the relativity of the entanglement measures is demonstrated, to our knowledge for the first time, as a result of a physical process.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0402025
|
Quantum noise of the electromagnetic field is one of the limiting noise sources in interferometric gravitational wave detectors. Shifting the spectrum of squeezed vacuum states downwards into the acoustic band of gravitational wave detectors is therefore of challenging demand to quantum optics experiments. We demonstrate a system that produces nonclassical continuous variable states of light that are squeezed at sideband frequencies below 100 kHz. A single optical parametric amplifier (OPA) is used in an optical noise cancellation scheme providing squeezed vacuum states with coherent bright phase modulation sidebands at higher frequencies. The system has been stably locked for half an hour limited by thermal stability of our laboratory.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0402064
|
We show that quantum information can be encoded into entangled states of multiple indistinguishable particles in such a way that any inertial observer can prepare, manipulate, or measure the encoded state independent of their Lorentz reference frame. Such relativistically invariant quantum information is free of the difficulties associated with encoding into spin or other degrees of freedom in a relativistic context.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0403014
|
We clarify the confusion, misunderstanding and misconception that the physical finiteness of the universe, if the universe is indeed finite, would rule out all hypercomputation, the kind of computation that exceeds the Turing computability, while maintaining and defending the validity of Turing computation and the Church-Turing thesis.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0403045
|
Several proposals for quantum computation utilize a lattice type architecture with qubits trapped by a periodic potential. For systems undergoing many body interactions described by the Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian, the ground state of the system carries number fluctuations that scale with the number of qubits. This process degrades the initialization of the quantum computer register and can introduce errors during error correction. In an earlier manuscript we proposed a solution to this problem tailored to the loading of cold atoms into an optical lattice via the Mott Insulator phase transition. It was shown that by adding an inhomogeneity to the lattice and performing a continuous measurement, the unit filled state suitable for a quantum computer register can be maintained. Here, we give a more rigorous derivation of the register fidelity in homogeneous and inhomogeneous lattices and provide evidence that the protocol is effective in the finite temperature regime.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0403052
|
We derive the class of covariant measurements which are optimal according to the maximum likelihood criterion. The optimization problem is fully resolved in the case of pure input states, under the physically meaningful hypotheses of unimodularity of the covariance group and measurability of the stability subgroup. The general result is applied to the case of covariant state estimation for finite dimension, and to the Weyl-Heisenberg displacement estimation in infinite dimension. We also consider estimation with multiple copies, and compare collective measurements on identical copies with the scheme of independent measurements on each copy. A "continuous-variables" analogue of the measurement of direction of the angular momentum with two anti-parallel spins by Gisin and Popescu is given.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0403083
|
We investigate the conditions to entangle two qubits interacting with local environments driven by a continuous-variable correlated field. We find the conditions to transfer the entanglement from the driving field to the qubits both in dynamical and steady-state cases. We see how the quantum correlations initially present in the driving field play a critical role in the entanglement-transfer process. The system we treat is general enough to be adapted to different physical setups.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0403180
|
We present a theory of recoil effects in two zone Ramsey spectroscopy, particularly adapted to microwave frequency standards using laser cooled atoms. We describe the atoms by a statistical distribution of Gaussian wave packets which enables us to derive and quantify effects that are related to the coherence properties of the atomic source and that have not been considered previously. We show that, depending on the experimental conditions, the expected recoil frequency shift can be partially cancelled by these effects which can be significant at microwave wavelengths whilst negligible at optical ones. We derive analytical expressions for the observed interference signal in the weak field approximation, and numerical results for realistic caesium fountain parameters. In the near future Cs and Rb fountain clocks are expected to reach uncertainties which are of the same order of magnitude (10^{-16}) as first estimates of the recoil shift at microwave frequencies. We show, however, that the partial cancellation predicted by the complete theory presented here leads to frequency shifts which are up to an order of magnitude smaller. Nonetheless observation of the microwave recoil shift should be possible under particular experimental conditions (increased microwave power, variation of atomic temperature and launching height etc.). We hope that the present paper can provide some guidance for such experiments that would test the underlying theory and its assumptions, which in turn is essential for the next generation of microwave frequency standards.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0403194
|
We show that quantum walks interpolate between a coherent `wave walk' and a random walk depending on how strongly the walker's coin state is measured; i.e., the quantum walk exhibits the quintessentially quantum property of complementarity, which is manifested as a trade-off between knowledge of which path the walker takes vs the sharpness of the interference pattern. A physical implementation of a quantum walk (the quantum quincunx) should thus have an identifiable walker and the capacity to demonstrate the interpolation between wave walk and random walk depending on the strength of measurement.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0404043
|
Suppose Alice and Bob try to transform an entangled state shared between them into another one by local operations and classical communications. Then in general a certain amount of entanglement contained in the initial state will decrease in the process of transformation. However, an interesting phenomenon called partial entanglement recovery shows that it is possible to recover some amount of entanglement by adding another entangled state and transforming the two entangled states collectively. In this paper we are mainly concerned with the feasibility of partial entanglement recovery. The basic problem we address is whether a given state is useful in recovering entanglement lost in a specified transformation. In the case where the source and target states of the original transformation satisfy the strict majorization relation, a necessary and sufficient condition for partial entanglement recovery is obtained. For the general case we give two sufficient conditions. We also give an efficient algorithm for the feasibility of partial entanglement recovery in polynomial time. As applications, we establish some interesting connections between partial entanglement recovery and the generation of maximally entangled states, quantum catalysis, mutual catalysis, and multiple-copy entanglement transformation.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0404047
|
We introduce classical properties using the concept of super selection rule, i.e. two properties are separated by a superselection rule iff there do not exist 'superposition states' related to these two properties. Then we show that the classical properties of a state property system correspond exactly to the clopen subsets of the corresponding closure space. Thus connected closure spaces correspond precisely to state property systems for which the elements 0 and I are the only classical properties, the so called pure nonclassical state property systems. The main result is a decomposition theorem, which allows us to split a state property system into a number of 'pure nonclassical state property systems' and a 'totally classical state property system'. This decomposition theorem for a state property system is the translation of a decomposition theorem for the corresponding closure space into its connected components.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0404070
|
Quantum marking and quantum erasure are discussed for the neutral kaon system. Contrary to other two-level systems, strangeness and lifetime of a neutral kaon state can be alternatively measured via an "active" or a "passive" procedure. This offers new quantum erasure possibilities. In particular, the operation of a quantum eraser in the "delayed choice" mode is clearly illustrated.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0404086
|
The behaviour of a particle with a spin 1/2 and a dipole magnetic moment in a time-varying magnetic field in the form $(h_0 cn(\omega t,k), h_0 sn(\omega t,k), H_0 dn(\omega t,k))$, where $\omega$ is the driving field frequency, $t$ is the time, $h_0$ and $H_0$ are the field amplitudes, $cn$, $sn$, $dn$ are Jacobi elliptic functions, $ k$ is the modulus of the elliptic functions has been considered. The variation parameter $k$ from zero to 1 gives rise to a wide set of functions from trigonometric shapes to exponential pulse shapes modulating the field. The problem was reduced to the solution of general Heun' equation. The exact solution of the wave function was found at resonance for any $ k$. It has been shown that the transition probability in this case does not depend on $k$. The present study may be useful for analysis interference experiments, improving magnetic spectrometers and the field of quantum computing.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0404114
|
Quantum measurement is universal for quantum computation. Two models for performing measurement-based quantum computation exist: the one-way quantum computer was introduced by Briegel and Raussendorf, and quantum computation via projective measurements only by Nielsen. The more recent development of this second model is based on state transfers instead of teleportation. From this development, a finite but approximate quantum universal family of observables is exhibited, which includes only one two-qubit observable, while others are one-qubit observables. In this article, an infinite but exact quantum universal family of observables is proposed, including also only one two-qubit observable. The rest of the paper is dedicated to compare these two models of measurement-based quantum computation, i.e. one-way quantum computation and quantum computation via projective measurements only. From this comparison, which was initiated by Cirac and Verstraete, closer and more natural connections appear between these two models. These close connections lead to a unified view of measurement-based quantum computation.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0404125
|
We point out that the non-adiabatic orientation of quantum rotors, produced by ultrashort laser pulses, is remarkably enhanced by introducing dipolar interaction between the rotors. This enhanced orientation of quantum rotors is in contrast with the behavior of classical paired rotors, in which dipolar interactions prevent the orientation of the rotors. We demonstrate also that a specially designed sequence of pulses can most efficiently enhances the orientation of quantum paired rotors.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0405034
|
This paper presents a realistic model that describes radiation-matter interactions. This is achieved by a generalization of first quantization, where the Maxwell equations are interpreted as the electromagnetic component of the Schroedinger equation. This picture is complemented by the consideration of electrons and photons as real particles in three-dimensional space, following guiding conditions derived from the particle-wave-functions to which they are associated. The guiding condition for the electron is taken from Bohmian mechanics, while the photon velocity is defined as the ratio between the Poynting vector and the electromagnetic energy density. The case of many particles is considered, taking into account their statistical properties. The formalism is applied to a two level system, providing a satisfactory description for spontaneous emission, Lamb shift, scattering, absorption, dispersion, resonance fluorescence and vacuum fields. This model adequately describes quantum jumps by the entanglement between the photon and the atomic system and it will prove to be very useful in the simulation of quantum devices for quantum computers and quantum information systems. A possible relativistic generalization is presented, together with its relationship to QED.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0405055
|
When prior partial information about a state to be cloned is available, it can be cloned with a fidelity higher than that of universal quantum cloning. We experimentally verify this intriguing relationship between the cloning fidelity and the prior information by reporting the first experimental optimal quantum state-dependent cloning, using nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. Our experiments may further have important implications into many quantum information processing protocols.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0405094
|
We consider a bipartite mixed state of the form, $\rho =\sum_{\alpha, \beta =1}^{l}a_{\alpha \beta} | \psi_{\alpha}> < \psi_ \beta}| $, where $| \psi_{\alpha}>$ are normalized bipartite state vectors, and matrix $(a_{\alpha \beta})$ is positive semidefinite. We provide a necessary and sufficient condition for the state $\rho $ taking the form of maximally correlated states by a local unitary transformation. More precisely, we give a criterion for simultaneous Schmidt decomposability of $| \psi_{\alpha}>$ for $\alpha =1,2,..., l$. Using this criterion, we can judge completely whether or not the state $\rho $ is equivalent to the maximally correlated state, in which the distillable entanglement is given by a simple formula. For generalized Bell states, this criterion is written as a simple algebraic relation between indices of the states. We also discuss the local distinguishability of the generalized Bell states that are simultaneously Schmidt decomposable.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0405107
|
Einstein's rate equations are derived from the semiclassical Bloch equations describing the interaction of a classical broadband light field with a two--level system.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0405122
|
The beam splitter and phase shifter, which are the key elements in the experiments of light interference, are realized in the motion of trapped ions. Some applications, such as the creation of quantum motional states and the realization of Mach-Zehnder interferometer, are illustrated. Several detection methods of motional states used in the interferometer are also discussed.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0405136
|
In this paper we construct an analytical separation (diagonalization) of the full (minimal coupling) Dirac equation into particle and antiparticle components. The diagonalization is analytic in that it is achieved without transforming the wave functions, as is done by the Foldy-Wouthuysen method, and reveals the nonlocal time behavior of the particle-antiparticle relationship. We interpret the zitterbewegung and the result that a velocity measurement (of a Dirac particle) at any instant in time is, as reflections of the fact that the Dirac equation makes a spatially extended particle appear as a point in the present by forcing it to oscillate between the past and future at speed c. From this we infer that, although the form of the Dirac equation serves to make space and time appear on an equal footing mathematically, it is clear that they are still not on an equal footing from a physical point of view. On the other hand, the Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation, which connects the Dirac and square root operator, is unitary. Reflection on these results suggests that a more refined notion (than that of unitary equivalence) may be required for physical systems.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0405151
|
The explicit form of evolution operator of the three atoms Tavis-Cummings Model is given.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0405176
|
The time dependence of nonclassical correlations is investigated for two fields (1,2) generated by an ensemble of cold Cesium atoms via the protocol of Duan et al. [Nature Vol. 414, p. 413 (2001)]. The correlation function R(t1,t2) for the ratio of cross to auto-correlations for the (1,2) fields at times (t1,t2) is found to have a maximum value Rmax=292(+-)57, which significantly violates the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality R<=1 for classical fields. Decoherence of quantum correlations is observed over 175 ns, and is described by our model, as is a new scheme to mitigate this effect.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0406050
|
We consider an open model possessing a Markovian quantum stochastic limit and derive the limit stochastic Schrodinger equations for the wave function conditioned on indirect observations using only the von Neumann projection postulate. We show that the diffusion (Gaussian) situation is universal as a result of the central limit theorem with the quantum jump (Poissonian) situation being an exceptional case. It is shown that, starting from the correponding limiting open systems dynamics, the theory of quantum filtering leads to the same equations, therefore establishing consistency of the quantum stochastic approach for limiting Markovian models.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0406055
|
We propose how to generate macroscopic quantum superposition states using a microwave cavity containing a superconducting charge qubit. Based on the measurement of charge states, we show that the superpositions of two macroscopically distinguishable coherent states of a single-mode cavity field can be generated by a controllable interaction between a cavity field and a charge qubit. After such superpositions of the cavity field are created, the interaction can be switched off by the classical magnetic field, and there is no information transfer between the cavity field and the charge qubit. We also discuss the generation of the superpositions of two squeezed coherent states.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0406058
|
We address the question of the multiplicativity of the maximal p-norm output purities of bosonic Gaussian channels under Gaussian inputs. We focus on general Gaussian channels resulting from the reduction of unitary dynamics in larger Hilbert spaces. It is shown that the maximal output purity of tensor products of single-mode channels under Gaussian inputs is multiplicative for any p>1 for products of arbitrary identical channels as well as for a large class of products of different channels. In the case of p=2 multiplicativity is shown to be true for arbitrary products of generic channels acting on any number of modes.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0406065
|
In recent work [quant-ph/0405174] by Schumacher and Werner was discussed an abstract algebraic approach to a model of reversible quantum cellular automata (CA) on a lattice. It was used special model of CA based on partitioning scheme and so there is a question about quantum CA derived from more general, standard model of classical CA. In present work is considered an approach to definition of a scheme with "history", valid for quantization both irreversible and reversible classical CA directly using local transition rules. It is used language of vectors in Hilbert spaces instead of C*-algebras, but results may be compared in some cases. Finally, the quantum lattice gases, quantum walk and "bots" are also discussed briefly.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0406119
|
We examine the possibility of storing and retrieving a single photon using electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We consider the theory of a proof of principle two-photon interference experiment, in which an atomic vapor cell is placed in one arm of a two-photon interferometer. Since the two-photon state is entangled, we can examine the degree to which entanglement survives. We show that while the experiment might be difficult, it should be possible to perform. We also show that the two-photon interference pattern has oscillatory behavior. pacs 42.50.Ct, 42.50.Dv, 42.50.Gy, 42.50.St
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0406153
|
A complete set of N+1 mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) exists in Hilbert spaces of dimension N = p^k, where p is a prime number. They mesh naturally with finite affine planes of order N, that exist when N = p^k. The existence of MUBs for other values of N is an open question, and the same is true for finite affine planes. I explore the question whether the existence of complete sets of MUBs is directly related to the existence of finite affine planes. Both questions can be shown to be geometrical questions about a convex polytope, but not in any obvious way the same question.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0406174
|
We consider the convex set of positive operator valued measures (POVM) which are covariant under a finite dimensional unitary projective representation of a group. We derive a general characterization for the extremal points, and provide bounds for the ranks of the corresponding POVM densities, also relating extremality to uniqueness and stability of optimized measurements. Examples of applications are given.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0406237
|
A two level system is considered which has no static dipole moment, e.g. molecule $H_2$ in its ground electronic state. If strong enough external field is applied, it will dynamically distort such a system and supply it with time (and field) dependent dipole moment. Although it is impossible to do so in the undistorted system which has no coupling to the dipole component of the external field, having induced in it a dipole moment, the rotational and vibrational dynamics of such system can be manipulated using lasers. In this work, a system is considered in which the external perturbation dynamically induces the transition dipole moment between only two distinct levels. The aim of the work is to show how the driving pulse can be analytically designed, that will produce Rabi-like complete population oscillations between the two levels.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0407026
|
We show that the dynamics of interacting fermions can be exactly replaced by a quantum jump theory in the many-body density matrix space. In this theory, jumps occur between densities formed of pairs of Slater determinants, $D_{ab}=| \Phi_a > < \Phi_b |$, where each state evolves according to the Stochastic Schr\"odinger Equation (SSE) given in ref. \cite{Jul02}. A stochastic Liouville-von Neumann equation is derived as well as the associated Bogolyubov-Born-Green-Kirwood-Yvon (BBGKY) hierarchy. Due to the specific form of the many-body density along the path, the presented theory is equivalent to a stochastic theory in one-body density matrix space, in which each density matrix evolves according to its own mean field augmented by a one-body noise. Guided by the exact reformulation, a stochastic mean field dynamics valid in the weak coupling approximation is proposed. This theory leads to an approximate treatment of two-body effects similar to the extended Time-Dependent Hartree-Fock (Extended TDHF) scheme. In this stochastic mean field dynamics, statistical mixing can be directly considered and jumps occur on a coarse-grained time scale. Accordingly, numerical effort is expected to be significantly reduced for applications.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0407042
|
A basic introduction to the $su(1,1)$ algebra is presented, in which we discuss the relation with canonical transformations, the realization in terms of quantized radiation field modes and coherent states. Instead of going into details of these topics, we rather emphasize the existing connections between them. We discuss two parametrizations of the coherent states manifold $SU(1,1)/U(1)$: as the Poincar{\'e} disk in the complex plane and as the pseudosphere (a sphere in a Minkowskian space), and show that it is a natural phase space for quantum systems with SU(1,1) symmetry.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0407092
|
We study the effects of dynamical imperfections in quantum computers. By considering an explicit example, we identify different regimes ranging from the low-frequency case, where the imperfections can be considered as static but with renormalized parameters, to the high frequency fluctuations, where the effects of imperfections are completely wiped out. We generalize our results by proving a theorem on the dynamical evolution of a system in the presence of dynamical perturbations.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0407098
|
A novel effect of population transfer in a five-level system is analyzed. This population transfer effect is found to be a version of a Raman process, which is facilitated and assisted by coherence effects, acting to close other available decay channels.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0407191
|
A class of self-similar sets of entangled quantum states is introduced, for which a recursive definition is provided. These sets, the "Bell gems," are defined by the subsystem exchange symmetry characteristic of the Bell states. Each Bell gem is shown to be an orthonormal basis of maximally entangled elements. A non-trivial example Bell gem is presented. Quantum circuits for producing the elements of this example from the computational basis states are provided.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0407251
|
We describe a phase transition for long-range entanglement in a three-dimensional cluster state affected by noise. The partially decohered state is modeled by the thermal state of a suitable Hamiltonian. We find that the temperature at which the entanglement length changes from infinite to finite is nonzero. We give an upper and lower bound to this transition temperature.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0407255
|
We derive the relativistic transformation laws for the annihilation operators of the scalar field, the massive spin-1 vector field, the electromagnetic field and the spinor field. The technique developed here involves straightforward mathematical techniques based on fundamental quantum field theory, and is applicable to the study of entanglement in arbitrary coordinate transformations. In particular, it predicts particle creation for non-inertial motion. Furthermore, we present a unified description of relativistic transformations and multi-particle interferometry with bosons and fermions, which encompasses linear optical quantum computing.
|
arxiv:quant-ph/0407259
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.