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# Scott Edgar (basketball)
## Head coaching record {#head_coaching_record}
### College
Sources: `{{CBB yearly record start | type = coach | conference = | postseason= }}`{=mediawiki} `{{CBB Yearly Record Subhead
| name =[[Murray State Racers men's basketball|Murray State Racers]]
| conference=[[Ohio Valley Conference]]
| startyear =1991
| endyear =1995
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{CBB yearly record entry
| championship = confboth
| season = [[1991–92 NCAA Division I men's basketball season|1991–92]]
| name = [[1991–92 Murray State Racers men's basketball team|Murray State]]
| overall = 17–13
| conference = 11–3
| confstanding = 1st
| postseason = [[1992 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament|NCAA Division I Round of 64]]
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{CBB yearly record entry
| championship =
| season = [[1992–93 NCAA Division I men's basketball season|1992–93]]
| name = Murray State
| overall = 18–12
| conference = 11–5
| confstanding = T–2nd
| postseason =
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{CBB yearly record entry
| championship = conference
| season = [[1993–94 NCAA Division I men's basketball season|1993–94]]
| name = Murray State
| overall = 23–6
| conference = 15–1
| confstanding = 1st
| postseason = [[1993 National Invitation Tournament|NIT first round]]
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{CBB yearly record entry
| championship = confboth
| season = [[1994–95 NCAA Division I men's basketball season|1994–95]]
| name = Murray State
| overall = 21–9
| conference = 11–5
| confstanding = T–1st
| postseason = [[1994 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament|NCAA Division I Round of 64]]
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{CBB yearly record subtotal
| name = Murray State
| overall = {{winpct|79|40|record=y}}
| confrecord = {{winpct|48|14|record=y}}
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{CBB Yearly Record Subhead
| name = [[Duquesne Dukes men's basketball|Duquesne Dukes]]
| conference= [[Atlantic-10 Conference]]
| startyear = 1995
| endyear = 1998
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{CBB yearly record entry
| championship =
| season = [[1995–96 NCAA Division I men's basketball season|1995–96]]
| name = Duquesne
| overall = 9–18
| conference = 3–13
| confstanding = T–5th (West)
| postseason =
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{CBB yearly record entry
| championship =
| season = [[1996–97 NCAA Division I men's basketball season|1996–97]]
| name = Duquesne
| overall = 9–18
| conference = 5–11
| confstanding = T–5th (West)
| postseason =
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{CBB yearly record entry
| championship =
| season = [[1997–98 NCAA Division I men's basketball season|1997–98]]
| name = Duquesne
| overall = 11–19
| conference = 5–11
| confstanding = T–4th (West)
| postseason =
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{CBB yearly record subtotal
| name = Duquesne University
| overall = {{winpct|29|55|record=y}}
| confrecord = {{winpct|13|35|record=y}}
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{CBB Yearly Record Subhead
| name = [[Southeast Missouri State Redhawks men's basketball|Southeast Missouri State Redhawks]]
| conference= Ohio Valley Conference
| startyear = 2006
| endyear = 2008
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{CBB yearly record entry
| championship =
| season = [[2006–07 NCAA Division I men's basketball season|2006–07]]
| name = Southeast Missouri State
| overall = 11–20
| conference = 9–11
| confstanding = 6th
| postseason =
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{CBB yearly record entry
| championship =
| season = [[2007–08 NCAA Division I men's basketball season|2007–08]]
| name = Southeast Missouri State
| overall = 1–19*
| conference = 1–13*
| confstanding = 11th*
| postseason =
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{CBB yearly record subtotal
| name = Southeast Missouri State
| overall = {{winpct|12|39|record=y}}
| confrecord = {{winpct|10|24|record=y}}
}}`{=mediawiki} `{{CBB yearly record end
| overall = {{winpct|120|134|record=y}}
}}`{=mediawiki}
\* 11 wins (including six conference wins) were vacated from the 2007--08 season due to NCAA violations. The original season record was 12--19 (7--13, 9th in OVC)
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# William Hay (bishop)
**William Hay** (17 February 1647 -- 17 March 1707) was a Scottish clergyman and prelate who rose to be the final Church of Scotland Bishop of Moray.
## Life
He was born on 17 February 1647 the eldest son of William Hay, Master of the Music School in Old Aberdeen.
He was educated at the University of Aberdeen and entered the Church of Scotland being ordained by Bishop Patrick Scougal, Bishop of Aberdeen. Hay was appointed to Kilconquhar parish church in Fife in November 1673 and St Andrews University awarded him a Doctor of Divinity in 1687 before moving to Perth in March 1684. In early 1688 he was selected to be Bishop of Moray and was consecrated on 4 February 1688.
On 31 March 1689 he preached at the Easter Sunday service at St Giles Cathedral in Edinburgh which was notable due to the assassination of Lord President Sir George Lockhart, Lord Carnwath by John Chieslie on his leaving the church.
However, Hay\'s days as a bishop were not to last long. In the following year Bishop Hay, along with all other Scottish bishops, was deprived of his see. He refused to take an oath of fealty to King William and Queen Mary and was expelled from Spynie Palace, its last episcopal occupant. He died at his son-in-law\'s house: Castlehill House in Inverness, on 19 March 1707.
## Family
He married Margaret Wemyss daughter of Robert Wemyss of Castlehill. They had two daughters: Sophia and Jean
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# Early goal-directed therapy
**Early goal-directed therapy** (**EGDT** or **EGDT**) was introduced by Emanuel P. Rivers in *The New England Journal of Medicine* in 2001 and is a technique used in critical care medicine involving intensive monitoring and aggressive management of perioperative hemodynamics in patients with a high risk of morbidity and mortality. In cardiac surgery, goal-directed therapy has proved effective when commenced after surgery. The combination of GDT and Point-of-Care Testing has demonstrated a marked decrease in mortality for patients undergoing congenital heart surgery. Furthermore, a reduction in morbidity and mortality has been associated with GDT techniques when used in conjunction with an electronic medical record.
Early goal-directed therapy is a more specific form of therapy used for the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock. This approach involves adjustments of cardiac preload, afterload, and contractility to balance oxygen delivery with an increased oxygen demand before surgery.
Three trials published in 2014/2015 have shown that early goal directed therapy should be abandoned.
## Evidence
EGDT, as compared to usual modern care, does not appear to improve outcomes but results in greater expense.
## Elements
In the event of hypotension and/or lactate greater than 4 mmol/L, initial management includes a minimum fluid challenge of 30 ml/kg of crystalloid solution. Crystalloid solutions are recommended over colloid solutions given the cost and lack in difference of mortality benefit. Albumin may be considered if large amounts of crystalloid solution is needed.
Indications of a positive response to fluid resuscitation may include:
- a transient increase in central venous pressure (CVP)
- a decrease in heart rate
If hypotension persists despite fluid resuscitation (septic shock) and/or lactate \> 4 mmol/L (36 mg/dl), goals in the first 6 hours of resuscitation include:
- Achieve CVP of 8-12 mmHg. Mechanical ventilation, increased abdominal pressure, and preexisting impaired ventricular compliance may require higher CVP targets of 12-15 mmHg
- Achieve superior vena cava oxygen saturation (ScvO2) of \> 70% OR mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) of \> 65%. If initial fluid resuscitation fails to achieve adequate oxygen saturation, additional options include dobutamine infusion (maximum 20 μg/kg/min) or transfusion of packed red blood cells to a hematocrit ≥ 30%. If a ScvO2 is unavailable, lactate normalization may be used as a surrogate marker. A reduction in lactate by ≥ 10% is noninferior to achieving a ScvO2 of ≥ 70%
- Achieve mean arterial pressure (MAP) ≥ 65mmHg The presence of atherosclerosis or pre-existing uncontrolled hypertension may necessitate a higher MAP target.
- Achieve urine output ≥ 0
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# The Pacemaker
**The Pacemaker** is a pocket-size DJ system invented by Jonas Norberg. The device features include a 120 GB hard drive, a signal-to-noise ratio of 103, and many basic DJ audio tools, including line out and headphone crossfaders and jacks, bend, pitch, DJ pause, cue points, loop, equalisation, filter, sound effects, and a USB 2.0 connector.
## History
As of 2008-10-02, the Pacemaker supports MP3, variable bitrate, AAC, OGG Vorbis, FLAC, AIFF, SND (file) and WAV.
In 2007 the physical device was showcased at the Sónar Festival in Barcelona in June, on Ibiza in July and at IFA Berlin and PLASA trade shows. It was also at the Amsterdam dance event.
Originally scheduled for release in February 2008, slight delays pushed it back to March 2008 when the first units were shipped. The first release of the device was to the first 2000 people who pre-ordered (all of whom received the \"Premier Edition\" of the device).
Using his Tonium Pacemaker, DJ JMS made history in 2009 being the first DJ to play a wireless set to over 5,000 people in the UK\'s biggest dance club. Pacemaker is being used by top DJs in US, Australia, UK and the Netherlands. India\'s DJ Loch is said to be the only DJ from India to have adopted this latest technology. The same is for Ukraine, where DJ Garazd was the sole artist, who performed using the Tonium Pacemaker \"Premier Edition\" with the serial number 00AA000100021 (the 21st unit in the world). He also was one of the first, who adapted his Pacemaker for wireless using. The first wireless performance of DJ Garazd with the Pacemaker was in August 2008, in one of the biggest clubs near Rivne, Ukraine.
In October 2008, Pacemaker received the world\'s most prestigious DJ Technology award: the DJ Mag Tech Awards in the category \"Most Innovative New DJ Product\".
In 2010, due to poor sales, the Pacemaker product line was discontinued to be replaced by an upcoming app for the Blackberry Playbook which was scheduled for release in the second quarter of 2012.
On 12 October 2012, pacemakerdevice.org was launched, a community run website currently sponsored by Pacemaker.net for the owners of the original Pacemaker Device. The site contains downloads for the Pacemaker editor, firmware and manuals. A dedicated forum was launched at the same time too.
On 4 February 2014, the Pacemakerdevice.org and the Pacemaker Team announced a new version of the Pacemaker firmware (dfw_146061537.pfw).
## Technical specifications {#technical_specifications}
The Pacemaker weighs 200 g. It has a length of 164 mm, a width of 69.6 mm, and a depth of 22.8 mm. Its user input latency is less than 5 milliseconds. Its playback time for music is 18 hours and 5 hours for DJ playback
| 459 |
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# I Was a Cub Scout
**I Was a Cub Scout** were a two-piece synthpop/indie rock band from Nottingham, England, consisting of Todd Marriott (vocals, synthesizers, guitar, formerly of Through Winter) and William Bowerman (drums, formerly of Sixteen Hours). The band started in 2005, and split in July 2008.
## History
Marriott started the project in June 2005, becoming a band with the addition of Bowerman in 2006. After releasing their first single they were signed to XL Recordings label Abeano. \"Pink Squares\" was released in November 2006, and followed in 2007 with \"I Hate Nightclubs\" and \"Our Smallest Adventures\".
A compilation of tracks from the band\'s early singles, *Iwasacubscout*, was released in 2007. The band\'s first album proper, *I Want You To Know That There Is Always Hope*, was released in February 2008, preceded by a new version of \"Pink Squares\", released as a double A-side with \"Echoes\", which peaked at no. 71 on the UK Singles Chart. The album was well received by critics, with Stewart Mason of Allmusic calling it \"ultra-catchy synth pop\", and the *NME* commenting on \"positive songwriting which makes life that little more liveable\". PopMatters\' Andrew Martin called it \"a damn fine effort worthy of a listen\". The tour to promote the album was interrupted after Marriott was hit in the face with a glass at their concert in Southampton.
The duo added James Spence of Rolo Tomassi, Daniel Mothers of Reno Dakota + Franko Fraize and Sam Hudson of Youth Movies as touring members. Follow up single \"The Hunter\'s Daughter\" was withdrawn prior to release after the band announced their split in June 2008, citing \"countless problems over the past year or so\", although they continued to complete their UK tour into the following month.
## Post-split activities {#post_split_activities}
Since the split, both former members have created new bands. Todd Marriott has formed YGT, an electronic duo with Tom Mclean.
Immediately after IWACS split, Bowerman formed the instrumental band Brontide. Bowerman also plays live and also session drums for La Roux and is tour drummer for Summer Camp and Paul Mullen (of yourcodenameis:milo) also announced on his Twitter that he had been recording with Will and Gordon Moakes of Bloc Party
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# U.S.–Russia Business Council
The **U.S.--Russia Business Council** (**USRBC**) is a Washington, D.C.--based trade association that represents the interests of 300 member companies with operations in the Russian market. The Council\'s mission is to expand the U.S.--Russian commercial relationship. Guided by member interests, the Council lobbies for an economic environment in which businesses can succeed in a challenging Russian market. It contributes to the stability and development of a free market in Russia and supports its integration into the global economy.
## Membership
There are nearly 200 members, including Alfa-Bank, Boeing, Cargill, Citigroup, Coca-Cola, Ford Motor Company, Lukoil, Procter & Gamble, and other leading businesses, banks, law firms, accounting firms and organizations.
In March 2022, after the Russian invasion of Ukraine, *Politico* reported that the U.S.--Russia Business Council had quietly removed two sanctioned Russian financial institutions, VEB.RF and VTB Bank, from its list of members on its website, while despite sanctions Sberbank and Gazprombank retained their memberships and Sberbank\'s CEO still sat on the Council\'s board; the Council then blocked the ability of the public to view its members, Board of Directors, and Executive Committee.
## Activities
The USRBC provides business development, dispute resolution, government relations, and market intelligence services to its American and Russian member companies. Though some activities and research are reserved for paying members, the USRBC provides a variety of resources for those interested in Russia\'s business environment and the overall economy.
## Leadership
Daniel Russell was appointed President and CEO of the USRBC in July 2013. The Board of Directors is chaired by Mark Sutton, Chairman and CEO of International Paper and consists of C-suite executives from companies invested in the bilateral relationship and leading Russia experts
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# Viva Knievel (band)
**Viva Knievel** was a short-lived punk rock and pre-riot grrrl band in Olympia, Washington, that existed around 1989--1990. Viva Knievel was Kathleen Hanna\'s second band, and included Zeb Olsen on bass, her brother, Stu, on guitar, and Matt Zodrow on drums. Kathleen\'s first band had been called \"Amy Carter\". Zeb, Stu, and Matt started playing punk rock in the early 80\'s and were in multiple bands before VK. Four Viva Knievel songs recorded in 1990 were released as a 7-inch EP on Cindy Wolfe\'s record label Ultrasound Records.
In 1989 Hanna came upon a copy of Tobi Vail\'s zine *Jigsaw*, and Hanna interviewed people while on tour with Viva Knievel in summer 1990 for inclusion in *Jigsaw*.
In 1990, Hanna, Karren, and Vail formed Bikini Kill with their friend Kathi Wilcox
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# Ryan Lappin
**Ryan Lappin** (born 1980) is an Australian television personality. He is known for co-hosting children\'s morning show, *Cheez TV*, from 1995 until 2004 with Jade Gatt.
## Biography
Lappin was born in 1980. As an actor he has appeared on *Home and Away* and took the role of Bartholomew/Bart on *Heartbreak High*.
Lappin started co-hosting *Cheez TV* with Jade Gatt in July 1995, on weekday mornings for Network Ten. Aside from presenting cartoons such as *Pokémon*, *Digimon*, *Transformers*, *Dragon Ball Z*, *Count Duckula* and *Rugrats*; the pair also performed skits. They left *Cheez TV* in December 2004.
Lappin was a member of the Australian band, UfOBiA, previously named, the Grymm. In 2009, he appeared in a television commercial for Dare Iced Coffee.
Lappin and Gatt were special guests at AVCon in 2011, which ran from 22 to 24 July. AVCon is an anime and video games convention that is held yearly in Adelaide.
On 14 February 2016, Lappin and Gatt launched a podcast, *The Jade & Ryan Show*. In June that year, Lappin and Gatt appeared on the Supanova Pop Culture Expo tour in Sydney and Perth
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# Giovanni Marchese
**Giovanni Marchese** (born 17 October 1984) is an Italian football coach and a former player who played as a defender. He is currently the manager of the Sicily national team.
## Club career {#club_career}
### Torino
Born in Caltanissetta, Sicily, Marchese started his career with the youth system of Serie A side Torino. After Torino were relegated in 2003, Marchese occasionally received call-up from first team, and made 7 appearances since April 2004. He was the member of Primavera Under-20 team in 2003--04 season. In 2004, he was loaned out to Serie B side Treviso along with Riccardo Pagliuchi in order to gain experience, and with Treviso he managed 31 appearances in just one season and in 2005 he returned to Turin. But Torino\'s financial made the club went bankrupt and its promotion to Serie A was canceled. All players were allowed to leave for free and a new team was formed in Serie B as successor. Marchese and teammate Andrea Mantovani joined Chiveo in August 2005.
### Chievo Verona and Calcio Catania {#chievo_verona_and_calcio_catania}
After his loan return to Torino, Marchese was instantly sold to Serie A rivals Chievo, in 2005. After a short spell with the Chievo Verona first team, the player was sent out on loan to the-Serie B side, Catania for the remaining six months of the 2005--2006 season. In his time with Catania, he made 14 appearances helping the Sicilian giants win promotion into the Serie A for the first time in just over two decades. After returning to Verona in the summer of 2006, Marchese remained at the club for the 2006--07 Serie A season. However, after finishing fifth in the league just a year earlier the Verona-based club were relegated to Serie B for the 2007--2008 season. He remained at the club for the first six months of their Serie B campaign, however, he was loaned out to fellow Serie B side Bari for the remaining half of the 2007--08 Serie B season. ChievoVerona did win promotion back to the Italian top flight that season. On 1 July 2006, Marchese returned to Verona for their Serie A and UEFA Cup campaign, but just made 9 league appearances. He followed the team relegated to Serie B after the club slipped form 4th in 2005--06 season (post- trail) to 18th in 2006--07. He remained at the club for the first six months of their Serie B campaign, and made 11 league appearances. On 1 February 2008, he was loaned out to fellow Serie B side Bari for the remaining half of the season.
### Loans to AS Bari and Salernitana {#loans_to_as_bari_and_salernitana}
In his six-month spell with Bari, Marchese managed a total of 19 appearances with one goal credited to his name. In the summer of 2008, he returned to Verona, but again was loaned out. He was loaned to newly promoted Serie B outfit, Salernitana, where, in one season, the young defender appeared an impressive 34 times. In July 2009 he returned to Chievo.
On 1 July 2008, Marchese returned to Chievo again, but immediately left out from Chievo\'s Serie A campaign, as the club won promotion as champion. On 7 August 2008, he was loaned to newly promoted Serie B outfit, Salernitana At Salerno, he played 34 league matches.
### Return to Catania {#return_to_catania}
On 31 August 2009, the final day of the 2009 summer transfer window, Marchese was sent to Catania, in exchange for right back, Gennaro Sardo. Sardo\'s transfer was somewhat of a surprise, due to the fact that he had been consistently included in Catania\'s starting XI for the past few seasons. Marchese made just 5 appearances in the entire 2009--10 Serie A season.
On 29 June 2010, Sardo permanently transferred to Chievo and Marchese permanently transferred to Catania ahead of the 2010--11 Serie A season. After spending much of the 2010--11 Serie A season as a reserve for veteran Ciro Capuano at left back, Marchese finally was able to obtain frequent game time under new head coach Vincenzo Montella during the 2011--12 campaign, in-part due to a series of injuries which have limited Capuano to minimal availability. The left-back is part of a record-breaking Catania outfit that had picked up 56 points from 38 Serie A matches. This performance saw the club also break its record number of home victories in a single season, its record number of victories overall in a single top flight campaign, as well as its record points total in Serie A for the fifth consecutive season.
### Genoa and return to Catania {#genoa_and_return_to_catania}
In the summer of 2013 he moved to Genoa; in January 2017 back again to play in Catania.
## Coaching career {#coaching_career}
On 27 August 2020, Catania announced that Marchese retired from playing and was appointed coach for the youth squad of the club.
By 2022 he serves as head of the unrecognized Sicily national football team.
In July 2022, Marchese was appointed new head coach of Serie D club Acireale, being however sacked on 3 October 2022 after only three games in charge
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# Circuit Trois-Rivières
The **Circuit Trois-Rivières** is a street circuit in Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Canada. The circuit has been the home of the annual **Grand Prix de Trois-Rivières**, the longest-running street race in North America, since 1967. The circuit is located on the Terrain de l\'Exposition (fairgrounds) and is unusual in that it passes through *Porte Duplessis*, the narrow concrete gateway of the grounds at turn 3.
Throughout its history the circuit has hosted numerous major North American racing series including the American Le Mans Series, the Grand-Am Rolex Sports Car Series, the Trans-Am Series, Can-Am, Indy Lights and Formula Atlantic.
The Grand Prix has been headlined by the NASCAR Pinty\'s Series since 2007 (except 2020), and from 2014 until 2019 it was expanded to two weekends when it was joined by the FIA World Rallycross Championship and its World RX of Canada race.
## Lap records {#lap_records}
As of August 2022, the fastest official race lap records at Circuit Trois-Rivières are listed as:
Category Time Driver Vehicle Event
---------------------------------------------- --------------- --------------------- ------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------
Grand Prix Circuit: 2.460 km (1986--present)
Indy Lights **0:58.2962** Tristan Vautier Dallara IPS 2012 Grand Prix de Trois-Rivières
Formula Atlantic **0:59.022** Jonathan Summerton Swift 016.a 2009 Le Grand-Prix de Trois-Rivières
LMP900 **0:59.265** Marco Werner Audi R8 2003 Grand Prix de Trois-Rivières
LMP675 **0:59.995** Butch Leitzinger Lola EX257 AER 2003 Grand Prix de Trois-Rivières
Star Mazda **1:01.161** Jack Hawksworth Star Formula Mazda \'Pro\' 2012 Trois-Rivières Star Mazda Championship round
Prototype Lites **1:02.143** Austin Versteeg Élan DP02 2016 Grand Prix de Trois-Rivières
LMP3 **1:02.430** Kenton Koch Ligier JS P3 2017 Grand Prix de Trois-Rivières
Mazda Prototype Challenge **1:03.341** Kyle Masson Élan DP02 2017 Grand Prix de Trois-Rivières
Trans-Am **1:03.762** Ron Fellows Ford Mustang 1997 Trois-Rivières Trans-Am round
Porsche Carrera Cup **1:04.163** Scott Hargrove Porsche 991 (991 II) GT3 Cup 2017 Trois-Rivières IMSA GT3 Cup Challenge Canada round
GT1 (GTS) **1:04.201** Johnny O\'Connell Chevrolet Corvette C5-R 2002 Grand Prix de Trois-Rivières
GT **1:04.956** Sascha Maassen Porsche 911 GT3-R (996) 2003 Grand Prix de Trois-Rivières
Ferrari Challenge **1:07.020** Benoit Bergeron Ferrari 488 Challenge 2021 Trois-Rivières CTCC round
AGT **1:07.335** Doug Goad Chevrolet Corvette 2001 Le Grand Prix de Trois-Rivières
GTO **1:07.572** Terry Borcheller Saleen Mustang 2000 Le Grand Prix de Trois-Rivières
GT4 **1:07.947** Romain Monti Mercedes-AMG GT4 2022 Trois-Rivières Sports Car Championship Canada round
GTU **1:08.268** Andy Pilgrim BMW M3 2000 Le Grand Prix de Trois-Rivières
TCR Touring Car **1:08.485** Jean-François Hevey Audi RS 3 LMS TCR 2022 Trois-Rivières Sports Car Championship Canada round
Super Touring **1:10.105** Peter Hardman Honda Accord 1996 Trois-Rivières NATCC round
SGS **1:11.588** David Haskell Porsche 911 Cup (996) 2001 Le Grand Prix de Trois-Rivières
Grand Prix Circuit: 3.380 km (1978--1985)
Can-Am **1:25.667** Michael Roe VDS-004 1984 Trois-Rivières Can-Am round
Formula Atlantic **1:27.592** Howdy Holmes March 79B 1979 Grand-Prix Molson de Trois-Rivieres
Trans-Am **1:33.583** Willy T. Ribbs Mercury Capri 1985 Trois-Rivières Trans-Am round
Grand Prix Circuit: 2.414 km (1974--1977)
Can-Am **1:03.332** Peter Gethin Lola T333CS 1977 Trois-Rivières Can-Am round
Formula Atlantic **1:04.848** Gilles Villeneuve March 76B 1976 Grand-Prix Labatt de Trois-Rivieres
Trans-Am **1:10.311** George Follmer Porsche 934 1976 Mayor\'s Cup
Grand Prix Circuit: 2.092 km (1971--1972)
Formula Atlantic **1:00.400** Brian Robertson Chevron B20 1972 Grand-Prix Labatt de Trois-Rivieres
## Current series {#current_series}
- August: NASCAR Canada Series, Sports Car Championship Canada, Nissan Sentra Cup, Super Production Challenge
| 550 |
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| 0 |
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# Circuit Trois-Rivières
## Future series {#future_series}
- FIA World Rallycross Championship
- *World RX of Canada* (2014--2019, 2025)
## Former series {#former_series}
- American Le Mans Series (2002--2003)
- Americas Rallycross Championship (2018--2019)
- Atlantic Championship (1974--1983, 1985, 1989--2003, 2008--2009)
- Can-Am Series (1977--1984)
- Canadian Touring Car Championship (2007--2019, 2021)
- CASCAR Super Series (2001, 2006)
- IMSA GT3 Cup Challenge Canada (2013--2018)
- IMSA Prototype Challenge (2016--2017)
- Indy Lights (1996--1998, 2011--2012)
- KONI Sports Car Challenge (2001, 2005--2010)
- North American Touring Car Championship (1996)
- Pro Mazda Championship (2005--2013)
- Rolex Sports Car Series (2000--2001)
- Speed World Challenge (1993--1999, 2002)
- SCCA Spec Racer Ford Pro Series (2011)
- SCCA Super Vee Gold Cup (1984)
- Trans-Am Series (1976, 1979--1985, 1990--1999, 2002--2004, 2011)
## Past winners {#past_winners}
### American Le Mans Series {#american_le_mans_series}
+------------------------+------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+---------+
| Year | Date | LMP900 Winning Team | LMP675 Winning Team | GTS Winning Team | GT Winning Team | Results |
+========================+========================+====================================================================+=========================================================+========================================================+===============================================+=========+
| LMP900 Winning Drivers | LMP675 Winning Drivers | GTS Winning Drivers | GT Winning Drivers | | | |
+------------------------+------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+---------+
| 2002 | Aug 3 | **`{{flagicon|Germany}}`{=mediawiki} #2 Audi Sport North America** | #56 Team Bucknum Racing | #4 Corvette Racing | #23 Alex Job Racing | Results |
+------------------------+------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+---------+
| | | **`{{flagicon|Denmark}}`{=mediawiki} Tom Kristensen\ | Jeff Bucknum\ | Andy Pilgrim\ | Sascha Maassen\ | |
| | | `{{flagicon|Italy}}`{=mediawiki} Rinaldo Capello** | `{{flagicon|United States}}`{=mediawiki} Chris McMurry\ | `{{flagicon|United States}}`{=mediawiki} Kelly Collins | `{{flagicon|Germany}}`{=mediawiki} Lucas Luhr | |
| | | | `{{flagicon|United States}}`{=mediawiki} Bryan Willman | | | |
+------------------------+------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+---------+
| 2003 | Aug 3 | **`{{flagicon|Germany}}`{=mediawiki} #1 Infineon Team Joest** | #37 Intersport Racing | #4 Corvette Racing | #23 Alex Job Racing | Results |
+------------------------+------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+---------+
| | | **`{{flagicon|Germany}}`{=mediawiki} Frank Biela\ | Jon Field\ | Kelly Collins\ | Sascha Maassen\ | |
| | | `{{flagicon|Germany}}`{=mediawiki} Marco Werner** | `{{flagicon|United States}}`{=mediawiki} Duncan Dayton | `{{flagicon|United Kingdom}}`{=mediawiki} Oliver Gavin | `{{flagicon|Germany}}`{=mediawiki} Lucas Luhr | |
+------------------------+------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+---------+
| | | | | | | |
+------------------------+------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------+---------+
### Can-Am Series {#can_am_series}
Year Date Drivers Team Car Distance/Duration Report
------ -------- ------------------------- ---------------------------- -------------------- ------------------- --------
1977 Sept 4 Patrick Tambay Carl A. Haas Racing Team Lola-Chevrolet 66 Laps
1978 Sept 4 Elliot Forbes-Robinson Newman-Freeman Racing Spyder-Chevrolet 42 Laps
1979 Sept 4 Elliot Forbes-Robinson Newman-Freeman Racing Spyder-Chevrolet 42 Laps
1980 Aug 24 Patrick Tambay Carl A. Haas Racing Team Lola-Chevrolet 42 Laps
1981 Sept 6 Al Holbert Holbert Racing Holbert-Chevrolet 42 Laps
1982 Sept 5 Al Holbert Racing Team VDS VDS-Chevrolet 60 Laps
1983 Sept 4 Jacques Villeneuve, Sr. Canadian Tire Racing Frissbee-Chevrolet 60 Laps
1984 Sept 2 Jim Crawford RK Racing/United Breweries March-Chevrolet 60 Laps
### CASC/SCCA/CART/IMSA Atlantic Championship {#cascsccacartimsa_atlantic_championship}
Year Date Driver Car Distance Report
------ --------- ------------------------- -------------------- ---------- --------
1974 Sept. 1 Tom Klausler Lola T360/Ford BDA 60 laps
1975 Aug. 31 Vittorio Brambilla March 75B/Ford BDA 60 laps
1976 Sept. 5 Gilles Villeneuve March 76B/Ford BDA 60 laps
1977 Sept. 4 Price Cobb March 77B/Ford BDN 60 laps
1978 Sept. 3 Bill Brack March 78B/Ford BDN 21 laps
1979 Sept. 2 Howdy Holmes March 79B/Ford BDD 42 laps
1980 Aug. 24 Price Cobb March 80A/Ford BDD 48 laps
1981 Sept. 6 Jacques Villeneuve, Sr. Unknown Unknown
1982 Sept. 5 Roberto Moreno Ralt=Ford RT4 48 laps
1983 Sept. 4 Michael Andretti Unknown Unknown
1985 Sept. 1 Dan Marvin Unknown Unknown
1989 Aug. 27 Jacques Villeneuve, Sr. Unknown Unknown
1990 Aug. 19 Brian Till Unknown Unknown
1991 Aug. 18 Jacques Villeneuve, Sr. Swift DB-4/Toyota 50 laps
1992 Aug. 16 Chris Smith Swift DB-4/Toyota 50 laps
1993 Aug. 15 David Empringham Ralt RT-40/Toyota 50 laps
1994 Aug. 7 David Empringham Ralt RT-41/Toyota 50 laps
1995 Aug. 6 David Empringham Unknown/Toyota 30 laps
1995 Aug. 7 Richie Hearn Unknown/Toyota 30 laps
1996 Aug. 3 Patrick Carpentier Ralt RT-41/Toyota 30 laps
1996 Aug. 4 Patrick Carpentier Ralt RT-41/Toyota 30 laps
1997 Aug. 7 Alex Tagliani Ralt RT-40/Toyota 45 laps
1998 Aug. 2 Alex Tagliani Swift 008.a/Toyota 45 laps
1999 Aug. 1 Anthony Lazzaro Swift 008.a/Toyota 45 laps
2000 July 30 Buddy Rice Swift 008.a/Toyota 45 laps
2001 Aug. 5 Hoover Orsi Swift 008.a/Toyota 45 laps
2002 Aug. 4 Michael Valiante Swift 014.a/Toyota 45 laps
2003 Aug. 3 A. J. Allmendinger Swift 014.a/Toyota 45 laps
2008 Aug. 17 Jonathan Bomarito Swift 016.a/Mazda 45 laps
2009 Aug. 16 Simona de Silvestro Swift 016.a/Mazda 50 laps
### SCCA Formula Super Vee Championship {#scca_formula_super_vee_championship}
Year Date Driver Report
------ --------- --------------- --------
1984 Sept. 2 Arie Luyendyk
| 759 |
Circuit Trois-Rivières
| 1 |
11,095,234 |
# Circuit Trois-Rivières
## Past winners {#past_winners}
### Grand American Road Racing Championship {#grand_american_road_racing_championship}
+--------------------+-----------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| Year | Date | SR Winning Team | SR II Winning Team | GTO Winning Team | GTU Winning Team | AGT Winning Team |
+====================+=======================+===============================================================+=======================================================+======================================================+========================================================+=======================================================+
| SR Winning Drivers | SR II Winning Drivers | GTO Winning Drivers | GTU Winning Drivers | AGT Winning Drivers | | |
+--------------------+-----------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| 2000 | July 30 | **`{{flagicon|United States}}`{=mediawiki} #16 Dyson Racing** | #22 Archangel Motorsport Services | #5 Saleen-Allen Speedlab | #50 Genesis Racing | #09 The Spirit of Daytona |
+--------------------+-----------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
| | | **`{{flagicon|United Kingdom}}`{=mediawiki} James Weaver\ | Larry Oberto\ | Terry Borcheller\ | Rick Fairbanks\ | Doug Goad\ |
| | | `{{flagicon|United States}}`{=mediawiki} Butch Leitzinger** | `{{flagicon|United States}}`{=mediawiki} Ryan Hampton | `{{flagicon|United States}}`{=mediawiki} Ron Johnson | `{{flagicon|United Kingdom}}`{=mediawiki} Andy Pilgrim | `{{flagicon|United States}}`{=mediawiki} Craig Conway |
+--------------------+-----------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+
+---------------------+------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
| Year | Date | SRP Winning Team | SRP II Winning Team | GTS Winning Team | GT Winning Team | AGT Winning Team | SGS Winning Team |
+=====================+========================+===============================================================+==========================================================+======================================================+=========================+=======================================================+========================================================+
| SRP Winning Drivers | SRP II Winning Drivers | GTS Winning Drivers | GT Winning Drivers | AGT Winning Drivers | SGS Winning Drivers | | |
+---------------------+------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
| 2001 | Aug 5 | **`{{flagicon|United States}}`{=mediawiki} #16 Dyson Racing** | #88 Porschehaus Racing | #5 Fordahl Motorsports | #34 Zip/Pumpelly Racing | #09 Team X-1R | #65 SpeedSource |
+---------------------+------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
| | | **`{{flagicon|United Kingdom}}`{=mediawiki} James Weaver\ | Stephane Veilleux\ | Chris Bingham\ | Spencer Pumpelly | Doug Goad\ | Selby Wellman\ |
| | | `{{flagicon|United States}}`{=mediawiki} Butch Leitzinger** | `{{flagicon|Canada}}`{=mediawiki} Jean-Francois Dumoulin | `{{flagicon|United States}}`{=mediawiki} Ron Johnson | | `{{flagicon|United States}}`{=mediawiki} Craig Conway | `{{flagicon|United States}}`{=mediawiki} David Haskell |
+---------------------+------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+------------------------------------------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------------------+
### NASCAR Pinty\'s Series {#nascar_pintys_series}
Year Date Driver Team Car Distance/Duration Report
------ -------- ----------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----------- ------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2007 Sept 4 Kerry Micks Beyond Digital Imaging Ford 41 Laps {{cite web\|url=<http://www.racing-reference.info/race/2007_GP3R_100/T%7Ctitle=2007> GP3R 100
2008 Aug 17 Andrew Ranger Wal-Mart / Tide Ford 46 Laps {{cite web\|url=<http://www.racing-reference.info/race/2008_GP3R_100/T%7Ctitle=2008> GP3R 100
2009 Aug 17 Andrew Ranger Wal-Mart / Tide Ford 43 Laps {{cite web\|url=<http://www.racing-reference.info/race/2009_GP3R_100/T%7Ctitle=2009> GP3R 100
2010 Aug 15 Andrew Ranger Dodge Dealers of Quebec Dodge 42 Laps
2011 Aug 7 Robin Buck Quaker State/Durabody Dodge 44 Laps {{cite web\|url=<http://localracing.nascar.com/node/6665%7Ctitle=NCATS> GP3R 8/7/11 Official Results
2012 Aug 7 Andrew Ranger Dodge/GC Motorsports Dodge 44 Laps {{cite web\|url=<http://localracing.nascar.com/node/8143%7Ctitle=NCATS> Trois-Rivieres 8/5/12 Results
2013 Aug 11 D. J. Kennington Castrol Edge/Mahindra Tractors Dodge 46 Laps
2014 Aug 10 L.P. Dumoulin WeatherTech Canada/Bellemare Dodge 51 Laps
2015 Aug 2 Kevin Lacroix Lacroix Tuning/Excellence Chrysler Dodge 50 Laps
2016 Aug 14 Kevin Lacroix Bumper to Bumper/Total/Go Fast Dodge 50 Laps
2017 Aug 13 Alex Tagliani Epipen/Lowe\'s/St. Hubert/Fast Wheels Dodge 54 Laps
2018 Aug 12 Alex Tagliani Epipen/Rona/St. Hubert/Spectra Premium Chevrolet 50 Laps
2019 Aug 11 L.P. Dumoulin WeatherTech/Bellemare/Eibach Dodge 50 Laps
2021 Aug 15 Alex Tagliani RONA / Viagra / St. Hubert Chevrolet 60 Laps
2022 Aug 7 Alex Guenette Motos Illimitees / DLGL Ford 64 Laps
2023 Aug 6 Marc-Antoine Camirand GM Paille / Chevrolet Canada Chevrolet 60 Laps
| 515 |
Circuit Trois-Rivières
| 2 |
11,095,234 |
# Circuit Trois-Rivières
## Past winners {#past_winners}
### Trans-Am Series {#trans_am_series}
Year Date Drivers Car Distance/Duration Race Title Report
------ -------- ------------------------- -------------------- --------------------- ------------------------------------------------ --------
1976 Sept 5 George Follmer Porsche Carrera 45 Laps - 67.5 mi Le Grand Prix de Trois-Rivières
1979 Sept 1 John Paul, Sr. Porsche 935 45 Laps - 67.5 mi Le Grand Prix de Trois-Rivières
1980 Aug 23 Roy Woods Chevrolet Camaro 35 Laps - 73.5 mi Le Grand Prix Molson de Trois-Rivières
1981 Sept 6 Eppie Wietzes Chevrolet Corvette 35 Laps - 73.5 mi Le Grand Prix Molson de Trois-Rivières
1982 Sept 5 Elliott Forbes-Robinson Pontiac Trans Am 35 Laps - 73.5 mi Le Grand Prix Labatt de Trois-Rivières
1983 Sept 4 John Paul Jr. Chevrolet Camaro 35 Laps - 73.5 mi Le Grand Prix Labatt de Trois-Rivières
1984 Sept 2 Tom Gloy Mercury Capri 35 Laps - 73.5 mi Le Grand Prix Labatt de Trois-Rivières
1985 Sept 1 Willy T. Ribbs Mercury Capri 40 Laps - 84 mi Le Grand Prix Labatt de Trois-Rivières
1990 Aug 19 Tommy Kendall Chevrolet Beretta 50 Laps - 80 mi Grand Prix de Trois-Rivières
1991 Aug 18 Scott Sharp Chevrolet Camaro 50 Laps - 75.3 mi Le Grand Prix Player\'s Ltee de Trois-Rivières
1992 Aug 16 Jack Baldwin Chevrolet Camaro 50 Laps - 75.3 mi Le Grand Prix Player\'s Ltee de Trois-Rivières
1993 Aug 15 Scott Sharp Chevrolet Camaro 50 Laps - 75.3 mi Le Grand Prix Player\'s Ltee de Trois-Rivières
1994 Aug 7 Tommy Kendall Ford Mustang 55 Laps - 82.83 mi Le Grand Prix Player\'s Ltee de Trois-Rivières
1995 Aug 6 Ron Fellows Chevrolet Camaro 55 Laps - 82.83 mi Le Grand Prix Player\'s Ltee de Trois-Rivières
1996 Aug 4 Ron Fellows Chevrolet Camaro 55 Laps - 82.83 mi Le Grand Prix Player\'s Ltee de Trois-Rivières
1997 Aug 3 Tommy Kendall Ford Mustang 55 Laps - 82.83 mi Le Grand Prix Player\'s de Trois-Rivières
1998 Aug 2 Paul Gentilozzi Chevrolet Corvette 55 Laps - 82.83 mi Le Grand Prix Player\'s de Trois-Rivières
1999 Aug 1 Paul Gentilozzi Ford Mustang 55 Laps - 82.83 mi Le Grand Prix Player\'s de Trois-Rivières
2002 Aug 4 Butch Leitzinger Chevrolet Corvette 66 Laps Le Grand Prix de Trois-Rivières
2003 Aug 2 Scott Pruett Jaguar XKR 65 Laps - 98.8 mi Le Grand Prix de Trois-Rivières
2004 Aug 1 Paul Gentilozzi Jaguar XKR 65 Laps - 98.8 mi Le Grand Prix de Trois-Rivières
2011 Aug 7 Tony Ave Chevrolet Corvette 61 Laps - 92.781 mi Le Grand Prix de Trois-Rivières
### SCCA Spec Racer Ford Pro Series {#scca_spec_racer_ford_pro_series}
Year Date Drivers Car Distance/Duration Race title Report
------ ---------------- ----------------- ----------------- --------------------- --------------------------------- --------
2011 Aug 5 - race 1 Brian Schofield Spec Racer Ford 21 Laps - 31.941 mi Le Grand Prix de Trois Rivières
Aug 7 - race 2 Richard Spicer 17 Laps - 25
| 477 |
Circuit Trois-Rivières
| 3 |
11,095,235 |
# Mycobacterium palustre
***Mycobacterium palustre*** is a slowly growing mycobacterium first isolated from an environmental source in Finland. It is potentially pathogenic, and has been isolated from human and veterinary clinical specimens.
## Type strain {#type_strain}
- First isolated from water from a stream in Finland.
- Strain E846 = ATCC BAA-377 = DSM 44572
| 55 |
Mycobacterium palustre
| 0 |
11,095,244 |
# Alhassane Issoufou
**Alhassane Dante Issoufou** (born January 1, 1981) is a Nigerien footballer who plays as a striker.
## Career
Before signed with Morrocain club played for ASO Chlef and formerly presented Zumunta AC, Africa Sports, CA Bordj Bou Arreridj, JS du Ténéré, KSC Lokeren and RC Kadiogo.
## International career {#international_career}
Issoufou is the member of Niger national football team. He played on 2012 Africa Cup of Nations. As there was no accurate statistic made, Issoufou\'s caps and number of goals for national team remain mystery, but it seems that he played more than 30 matches and scored at least 3 goals
| 104 |
Alhassane Issoufou
| 0 |
11,095,254 |
# Gulong Itlog Gulong
***Gulong Itlog Gulong*** (English translation: Roll Egg Roll) is the third studio album and fourth overall album of the Filipino alternative rock band Parokya ni Edgar, released in 1999 by Universal Records. The album received Platinum certification from the Philippine Association of the Record Industry, Inc. in September 24, 1999
| 54 |
Gulong Itlog Gulong
| 0 |
11,095,268 |
# Better Than Sex (book)
***Better Than Sex: Confessions of a Political Junkie*** is a 1994 book written by American author and journalist Hunter S. Thompson. In Volume IV of *The Gonzo Papers* series of books, Thompson details his reactions to the 1992 election of Bill Clinton as U.S. President, as well as recollects his own (unsuccessful) run for sheriff of Pitkin County, Colorado.
The book contains a number of magazine articles and other essays Thompson wrote about the Clinton election, but consists largely of faxes Thompson sent to various celebrities, politicians and journalists about the subject. It is the only volume in *The Gonzo Papers* to be composed of mostly new material.
Some copies are additionally subtitled *Trapped Like a Rat in Mr. Bill\'s Neighborhood*
| 126 |
Better Than Sex (book)
| 0 |
11,095,279 |
# Louis Ganne
**Louis-Gaston Ganne** (5 April 1862 in Buxières-les-Mines (Allier) -- 13/14 July 1923 in Paris) was a conductor and composer of French operas, operettas, ballets, and marches.
## Biography
Ganne was born in the Auvergne region of France and grew up in Issy-les-Moulineaux, in the suburbs of Paris. He studied under César Franck and Jules Massenet at the Conservatoire de Paris. He conducted at the Nouveau Théâtre de la Rue Blanche and at the Folies-Bergère, and later led a concert series at the Monte Carlo Casino.
Ganne is most recognized today for his popular patriotic marches, *Le père la victoire* and *La marche Lorraine*. He also composed for the ballet, including the 1902 ballet \"In Japan\". He is less well known outside his native France, and his many operettas are now rarely performed. His most successful light opera is the circus musical *Les saltimbanques* (*The Acrobats*), from 1899
| 150 |
Louis Ganne
| 0 |
11,095,286 |
# Tribe of Shabazz
The **Tribe of Shabazz** (*qabīlah ash-shabāzz*) was, according to the Nation of Islam, an ancient black nation that migrated into central Africa, led by a leader named Shabazz. The concept is found primarily in the writings of Wallace Fard Muhammad and Elijah Muhammad. According to the *Autobiography of Malcolm X*, all the races except the white race are descendants of the Tribe of Shabazz.
## Story
According to the Nation of Islam, the Tribe of Shabazz was the only survivor of thirteen tribes that lived on Earth 66 trillion years ago. After a rogue scientist blew up the planet, splitting off the moon, the other tribes perished. The Tribe of Shabazz relocated to the rich Nile valley of Egypt and then to the present seat of the Islamic holy city of Mecca in Arabia.
It was a technologically advanced society, but one faction was led by Shabazz himself into previously unoccupied areas of central Africa because he wanted them to be hardened. There they evolved Negroid features. Malcolm X in a 1962 speech stated that:
A scientist named Yakub was a member of the Meccan branch of the tribe and, according to Fard, was the creator of the white race. The Tribe of Shabazz is said to have reached its peak in the year 4084 BC.
## Name
The name may be related to the Arabic words *sha\'b* (*شَعْب*) \'a people\', and *\'azz* (*عَزّ*) \'to be mighty or glorious\'.
However, the name\'s etymology is possibly also related to Indo-European as there is a similar Persian name, *Shahbāz* (شهباز) meaning \'royal falcon\' or \'eagle\' (a contraction of *shāh*, \"king\" and *bāz* \"hawk, falcon\"), popular among Bosnian, Turkish, Indian, and Pakistani Muslims. *Shāh* is from Old Persian *xšāyaθiya* \"king\", itself derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian *\*ksayati* \"he controls\", ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *tkeh~1~-* \"to rule, to control land\" (cf. Greek κταομαι *ktaómai* \"to procure, to annex\", Sanskrit क्षत्र *kṣatra* \"dominion\"). *Bāz* in turn derives from Middle Persian *vāǰ*.
Malcolm X used the surname Shabazz from 1949 because he believed himself to be a descendant of the tribe. Members of his family have also used the name, which has also been adopted by other persons.
Karl Evanzz, author of the books *The Judas Factor: The Plot to Kill Malcolm X* (1992) and *The Messenger: The Rise and Fall of Elijah Muhammad* (1999), lays out a variety of theories that connects the name to locations and names in several of W.D. Fard\'s alleged places of birth. Going for Afghanistan: Shabazz, along with Fard, is a common name in this region according to Evanzz. His World War I draft card lists him as being born in the district of Shinkay in the Zabul Province. In addition, Qalat is one of the names for the capital of Zabul Province, which Evanzz connects to Elijah Muhammad\'s brother being given the name \"Kallat Muhammad\" by Shahbaz and Fard when he became a minister in the NOI. Evanzz also lays out the name\'s possible South Asian origins; the Qalandar temple named after the Sufi saint Lal Shahbaz Qalandar is located near one of Fard\'s claimed places of birth. Shahbazz is a common name in Pakistan.
In *The Messenger*, Evanzz had originally speculated that Fard was the son of Zared Fard, a Māori whose family had lived in Pakistan. Evanzz further alleges that Fard\'s mother was a Caucasian New Zealander named Beatrice Dodd
| 564 |
Tribe of Shabazz
| 0 |
11,095,302 |
# Claus Høyer
**Claus Owrén Høyer** (17 March 1891 -- 2 November 1964) was a Norwegian rower who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.
He was the bowman of the Norwegian boat that won the bronze medal in the coxed four, inriggers
| 42 |
Claus Høyer
| 0 |
11,095,303 |
# Hardin County onion pickers strike
The **Hardin County onion pickers strike** was a strike by agricultural workers in Hardin County, Ohio, in 1934. Led by the Agricultural Workers Union, Local 19724, the strike began on June 20, two days after the trade union formed. After the kidnapping and beating of the union\'s leader and the intervention of the Ohio National Guard on behalf of the growers, the strike ended in October with a partial victory for the union. Some growers met the union\'s demand for a 35-cents-an-hour minimum wage, but the majority did not.
## The Hardin County onion fields {#the_hardin_county_onion_fields}
Hardin County, Ohio, contained a large onion-growing region about 12 mi east of the town of Lima. Two main growing areas existed. Scioto Marsh consisted of about 17,000 acre of farmland. The top three growers controlled about 30 percent of Scioto Marsh land under cultivation. Hog Creek Marsh was a smaller growing area which consisted of about 4,000 acre. The largest owner of Hog Creek marshland controlled about a third of that area\'s total land under cultivation. Roughly 25 smaller growers cultivated the rest of the farmland.
Wages and working conditions for agricultural workers in Hardin County were poor even before the onset of the Great Depression. A plentiful supply of Caucasian migrant farm workers kept wages far below those of other counties and states. Working conditions were harsh. Laborers worked on their hands and knees weeding and picking onions. The work day was 10 hours long, with a 15-minute break for lunch and no overtime. There were no toilet facilities or restroom breaks, and water and first aid for injuries or heat exhaustion were not provided. The black earth absorbed heat, and temperatures near the ground could reach 120 F. Many workers lived in employer-provided housing, and were given an employer-owned milk cow (on loan) to prevent starvation.
Crop yields from the Hardin County onion fields were declining significantly by 1930 due to soil exhaustion as crop rotation was not practiced. As the Great Depression worsened, growers reduced the amount of land under cultivation even further to only 3,500 acre. Growers also cut wages and required laborers to work longer hours.
By June 1934, economic conditions for farm workers in Hardin County were especially severe. The prevailing wage was 12 cents an hour, but many workers earned only 8 cents an hour. Eight out of 10 families were considered to be living in extreme poverty, and almost half of all workers reported working only 26 days a year.
## Legality of farm labor unions {#legality_of_farm_labor_unions}
When the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) was passed in 1935, it specifically exempted agricultural workers from the protection of the law. Although it was not illegal for farm workers to organize unions, federal (and state) law did not protect their ability to do so. Subsequently, most employers discriminated heavily against agricultural workers who attempted to form unions, and used a variety of techniques (many heavy-handed, and some actually coercive) to resist farm unionization.
| 502 |
Hardin County onion pickers strike
| 0 |
11,095,303 |
# Hardin County onion pickers strike
## Beginning of the strike {#beginning_of_the_strike}
On June 18 and June 19, 1934, weeders and pickers working on onion farms in Hardin County formed a union, the Agricultural Workers Union, under the leadership of Okey Odell, a 38-year-old weeder. The workers were assisted by J.M. Rizor, an organizer for the International Quarrymen\'s Union. Their union was recognized by the American Federation of Labor (AFL) as a federal union, and listed as Local 19724.
The workers immediately demanded recognition of their union, a 23-cents-an-hour wage increase (to obtain a minimum wage of 35 cents an hour), and an eight-hour work day.
Led by the top four landowners, the 30 growers formed the Onion Growers\' Association to oppose the union. Odell and Rizor asked to meet with the Association, but the growers refused and said they would let their fields be overgrown with weeds first. The growers subsequently told the press that meeting with the union was pointless, since the growers were already losing money. The union challenged this claim, pointing out that at least one grower had recently purchased three new automobiles. But the growers stuck by their claim. A few weeks later, the Ohio state legislature asked the growers to open their books as part of a state investigation into the strike. But the growers declined to do so. To the union, this was merely additional evidence that the growers were profitable.
Odell called a strike on June 20. About 800 of the county\'s 1,000 onion field workers walked out. To prevent replacement workers from entering the fields and breaking the strike, the strikers attempted to stop and search all automobiles entering the Scioto Marsh and Hog Creek Marsh areas. For the first week of the strike, there was no violence. The Socialist Party of America and the American Civil Liberties Union raised funds for strike relief.
The union also received assistance from the Ohio Unemployed League. The League was a branch of the American Workers Party (AWP). The goal of the League was to organize jobless workers, advocate for higher relief payments for the unemployed, and help the unemployed resist employer calls to take striking workers\' jobs. The League and the union struck a deal which provided for the legal defense of union members by the AWP and the League. League leaders obtained representation on the union\'s strike committee, assurances that the strike would be carried out using militant tactics, and that no settlement of the strike would be made without agreement of the strikers. Pursuant to this agreement, Toledo League leader Sam Pollock became part of the union\'s strike leadership team.
| 439 |
Hardin County onion pickers strike
| 1 |
11,095,303 |
# Hardin County onion pickers strike
## Beginning of the strike {#beginning_of_the_strike}
### Injunction
The growers immediately went to court to prevent the union from picketing in the fields.
On June 22, Court of Common Pleas Judge Hamilton E. Hoge issued one of the most sweeping anti-labor injunctions in American history.
The injunction restricted picketing to groups of two. Judge Hoge left it up to the discretion of sheriffs\' deputies how far apart each group must be. Initially, the union established 34 pickets at least 25 ft apart. Deputies arrested half the strikers. The union increased the distance between pickets to 50 yd, and still arrests occurred. Distance between pickets was extended to 100 yd, then a 1/4 mi, and in some cases a 1/2 mi. Arrests continued. On a number of occasions, deputies called pickets together and, when they obeyed, arrested them for congregating unlawfully.
To enforce the injunction, 54 \"special\" sheriff\'s deputies were hired and sworn in. The deputies\' salaries were paid for by the growers. Although the deputies technically remained under the supervision of the Hardin County sheriff, the deputies were under the control of the growers and their field foremen. Most of the special sheriff\'s deputies were members of the Hardin County detachment of the Ohio National Guard and veterans of the Auto-Lite strike in nearby Toledo, which had only recently ended. The National Guard troops, most of whom were only 18 years old, were determined not to be intimidated by the picketers as they had been in Toledo. The newly appointed special deputies were armed with riot guns, machine guns, and tear gas equipment from the National Guard armory in Kenton, Ohio.
The union demanded to know why the state was providing the county with troops. When Governor George White was asked why the special deputies were recruited solely from the Ohio National Guard, he replied that the guardsmen were merely private citizens who had sought temporary employment. The governor saw no problem with arming the county deputies with state-owned weaponry or having full-time, on-duty officers of the Ohio National Guard command and drill the special deputies.
The special deputies quickly proved unruly. Local citizens complained that the guards were harassing them. The sheriff referred complaints to the commanding general of the Ohio National Guard, who then told petitioners that this was a matter for the local county sheriff. When prominent Hardin County business leaders forced the sheriff to deal with these problems, the sheriff ordered an investigation. But the investigation was never carried out, and the National Guard troops\' behavior worsened.
| 427 |
Hardin County onion pickers strike
| 2 |
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# Hardin County onion pickers strike
## Beginning of the strike {#beginning_of_the_strike}
### First settlement attempt and outbreak of violence {#first_settlement_attempt_and_outbreak_of_violence}
On June 27, the United States Department of Labor sent a mediator to Hardin County to help settle the strike. The growers agreed to raise the minimum wage to 15 cents an hour, but the union rejected the offer.
After the settlement\'s rejection, employers began evicting workers from employer-owned homes.
The employers also began to resort to violence to protect their replacement workers and break the strike. Vigilante groups were formed which beat strikers and union sympathizers, and ran them out of town at gunpoint. Shots were fired at picketers and at union members attending meetings. The growers hired another 50 special deputies to patrol the fields with machine guns, and special deputies used extensive amounts of tear gas to harass and break up pickets. National Guard troops began clubbing and beating picketers whenever they encountered them. On June 29, two strikers were shot and wounded by National Guard troops after they attempted to stop a truck of strikebreakers from entering a field.
Union members and their supporters also resorted to violence. The growers began large-scale importation of replacement workers to break the strike. When they could intercept trucks carrying replacement workers, the strikers would throw rocks, bricks and bottles at the strikebreakers. Fistfights broke out whenever striking workers and strikebreakers encountered one another. Union members and sympathizers cut telephone wires throughout the county, blew up bridges, scattered nails on roads to stop and slow truck traffic, fired shots at strikebreakers, burned warehouses, and set off small explosions in towns, villages and onion processing stations throughout the county. Strikers even bombed the home of the owner of the Scioto Land Company, the largest landowner in Scioto Marsh.
The level of violence led to a large number of arrests. Over the next 20 days, more than 60 picketers were arrested. Odell was arrested and charged with contempt of court for violating Judge Hoge\'s injunction. A Scioto Land Company official had approached Odell on the street and brandished a gun in his face. Arrested by the town marshal, the official retaliated by having Odell arrested for \"congregating\" in violation of the injunction. Odell served 10 days in jail for contempt of court. Pollock, too, was arrested and jailed. When a truckload of strikebreakers attempted to run down a group of pickets, the pickets (led by Pollock) retaliated by hurling stones and bottles at the truck. Pollock was charged with unlawful assemblage, inciting to riot, and malicious destruction of property. Pollock\'s wife and defense lawyers were unlawfully denied access to him for several days. When they finally did see him, sheriff\'s deputies stood close by to intimidate them and listen in on their privileged conversation.
| 463 |
Hardin County onion pickers strike
| 3 |
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# Hardin County onion pickers strike
## Bombing of the mayor\'s home and seizure of the town of McGuffey {#bombing_of_the_mayors_home_and_seizure_of_the_town_of_mcguffey}
Near dawn on the morning of August 25, 1934, a bomb exploded at the home of Godfrey Ott, mayor of the town of McGuffey, Ohio. The explosion ripped away an entire side of the home. Although the mayor and his wife were sleeping in the home at the time, they were not injured. The leader of the Onion Farmers was charismatic Veril Baldwin who was accused of hypnotizing opposition during negotiations to get a settlement to avoid violence
Although he denied any involvement with the bombing, Odell was arrested minutes later and taken to the Hardin County jail (which was located in the town of McGuffey). However, sheriff\'s deputies refused to charge Odell. As Odell was being booked, about 200 anti-union vigilantes rushed the jail, seized Odell, took him out of the jail and threw him on a waiting truck. Sheriff\'s deputies stopped the truck and demanded to know if Odell was aboard. Odell claimed he shouted to let the deputies know he was there, but the deputies ignored him. Odell also claimed that at least 15 sheriff\'s deputies were in the jail and could have prevented his abduction, but the county sheriff contended that only three deputies were on hand. To Odell and union sympathizers, the sheriff\'s deputies appeared to be cooperating in the kidnapping.
Odell was taken to Waynesfield, a small village in Auglaize County about 12 mi away. There, Odell was beaten and threatened with death, then taken to a highway in mid-afternoon and left at the side of the road.
During the day, the town of McGuffey was seized by hundreds of armed anti-union vigilantes. The vigilantes patrolled the town on foot and accosted any citizens they found on the street. They demanded to know if the citizen was a union supporter. If the individual claimed not to be taking sides in the strike, the vigilantes threatened them with death and told them to leave town. As the capture of the town continued throughout the day, union members and their families barricaded themselves inside their homes, fearing for their lives.
During the afternoon, Odell hitch hiked back to McGuffey. He obtained a revolver from his home and then walked with his brother through the center of town, defying the vigilantes to kill him. Odell returned home in the late afternoon.
After Odell returned to his house, a crowd of 200 men and women gathered in front of the building and demanded that he leave town or suffer the consequences. Odell replied, \"Tell them to go to hell.\" Odell then went to bed, a revolver under his pillow and armed union guards stationed throughout the house. The crowd continued to surround Odell\'s house throughout the evening, shouting obscenities and threatening Odell and his family. Only five sheriff\'s deputies stood nearby to handle the mob. Around midnight, the crowd climbed into cars and trucks and paraded around Odell\'s home, honking horns and brandishing clubs. The vigilante caravan then headed to the nearby town of Alger, where they threatened three other union leaders. One union leader, Floyd Collins, was ill and had to be secretly rushed out of town.
That same day, United States Secretary of Labor Frances Perkins sent Robert C. Fox, another federal mediator, to Hardin County to try to end the strike.
The day after his kidnapping, Odell sought to invoke the Federal Kidnapping Act, a new federal statute enacted in 1932 in the wake of the Lindbergh kidnapping. But on August 27, a federal prosecutor said the Federal Kidnapping act would not apply as Odell had not been taken across state lines or held for more than five days.
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# Hardin County onion pickers strike
## Conclusion of the strike {#conclusion_of_the_strike}
On August 28, federal mediator Fox met with Ott, several large growers, and Odell. Odell agreed to reduce his demand for a wage increase to 25 cents an hour. The discussions went so well that Fox felt a resolution to the strike could be reached within a few days. Odell later told the press he had made no such concession.
The strike, however, was close to an end. The 800 strikers had dwindled to a handful as violence drove them from the picket lines. The larger growers were able to employ significant numbers of replacement workers, and onion production was nearly back to full capacity.
A few days later, several of the smaller growers signed a contract with the union. The contract raised wages to 35 cents per hour, but did not alter working conditions or recognize the union.
Within a few months, most of the strikebreakers left the area as the growing season wound down. But as onion production continued to drop over the next several years due to soil exhaustion, fewer and fewer onion weeders and pickers were needed in Hardin County. A few years after its founding, the Agricultural Workers Union faded away. By the mid-1940s, most of the Hardin County agricultural workers had been replaced by Mexican migrant workers
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# Integro-differential equation
In mathematics, an **integro-differential equation** is an equation that involves both integrals and derivatives of a function.
## General first order linear equations {#general_first_order_linear_equations}
The general first-order, linear (only with respect to the term involving derivative) integro-differential equation is of the form
$$\frac{d}{dx}u(x) + \int_{x_0}^x f(t,u(t))\,dt = g(x,u(x)), \qquad u(x_0) = u_0, \qquad x_0 \ge 0.$$
As is typical with differential equations, obtaining a closed-form solution can often be difficult. In the relatively few cases where a solution can be found, it is often by some kind of integral transform, where the problem is first transformed into an algebraic setting. In such situations, the solution of the problem may be derived by applying the inverse transform to the solution of this algebraic equation.
### Example
Consider the following second-order problem,
:
u\'(x) + 2u(x) + 5\\int\_{0}\^{x}u(t)\\,dt = \\theta(x)
`\qquad \text{with} \qquad u(0)=0,`
where
:
`\theta(x) = \left\{ \begin{array}{ll}`\
` 1, \qquad x \geq 0\\`\
` 0, \qquad x < 0 \end{array} `
\\right.
is the Heaviside step function. The Laplace transform is defined by,
$$U(s) = \mathcal{L} \left\{u(x)\right\}=\int_0^{\infty} e^{-sx} u(x) \,dx.$$
Upon taking term-by-term Laplace transforms, and utilising the rules for derivatives and integrals, the integro-differential equation is converted into the following algebraic equation,
$$s U(s) - u(0) + 2U(s) + \frac{5}{s}U(s) = \frac{1}{s}.$$
Thus,
$$U(s) = \frac{1}{s^2 + 2s + 5}$$.
Inverting the Laplace transform using contour integral methods then gives
$$u(x) = \frac{1}{2} e^{-x} \sin(2x) \theta(x)$$.
Alternatively, one can complete the square and use a table of Laplace transforms (\"exponentially decaying sine wave\") or recall from memory to proceed:
$$U(s) = \frac{1}{s^2 + 2s + 5} = \frac{1}{2} \frac{2}{(s+1)^2+4} \Rightarrow u(x) = \mathcal L^{-1}\left\{ U(s) \right\} = \frac{1}{2} e^{-x} \sin(2x) \theta(x)$$.
## Applications
Integro-differential equations model many situations from science and engineering, such as in circuit analysis. By Kirchhoff\'s second law, the net voltage drop across a closed loop equals the voltage impressed $E(t)$. (It is essentially an application of energy conservation.) An RLC circuit therefore obeys $L \frac{d}{dt}I(t) + RI(t) + \frac{1}{C} \int_{0}^{t} I(\tau) d\tau = E(t),$ where $I(t)$ is the current as a function of time, $R$ is the resistance, $L$ the inductance, and $C$ the capacitance.
The activity of interacting *inhibitory* and *excitatory* neurons can be described by a system of integro-differential equations, see for example the Wilson-Cowan model.
The Whitham equation is used to model nonlinear dispersive waves in fluid dynamics.
### Epidemiology
Integro-differential equations have found applications in epidemiology, the mathematical modeling of epidemics, particularly when the models contain age-structure or describe spatial epidemics. The Kermack-McKendrick theory of infectious disease transmission is one particular example where age-structure in the population is incorporated into the modeling framework
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# Bigotilyo
***Bigotilyo*** is the fifth studio album and sixth overall album of the Filipino alternative rock band Parokya ni Edgar, released in 2003 by Universal Records. The album contains the singles \"Chikinini\", \"Mr. Suave\" and \"The Yes Yes Show\"
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# Reidar Holter
**Reidar Durie Holter** (28 December 1892 -- 19 June 1953) was a Norwegian rower who competed in the 1912 Summer Olympics.
## Early life {#early_life}
Holter was born in Oslo. He was a crew member of the Norwegian boat that won the bronze medal in the coxed four, inriggers.
## Death
Holter died in Los Angeles in 1953 at the age of 60
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# Jessica Long
**Jessica Tatiana Long** `{{post-nominal|PLY|size=85%}}`{=mediawiki} (born February 29, 1992) is a Russian-born American Paralympic swimmer from Baltimore, Maryland, who competes in the S8, SB7 and SM8 category events. She has held many world records and competed at six Paralympic Games, winning 30 medals (17 of them gold). She has won over 50 world championship medals.
## Early life {#early_life}
Long was born **Tatiana Olegovna Kirillova** in Bratsk, Russia. At the time she was born, her mother and father were unwed teenagers, 18 and 17 years old respectively. She was adopted by American parents at the age of 13 months. Because of fibular hemimelia, her lower legs were amputated when she was 18 months old. She learned to walk with prostheses. Long has been involved in many sports including gymnastics, cheerleading, ice skating, biking, trampoline, and rock climbing. She began swimming in her grandparents\' pool before joining her first competitive team in 2002. The next year, Long was selected as Maryland Swimming\'s 2003 Female Swimmer with a Disability of the Year. Long trained with the North Baltimore Aquatic Club.
Long\'s brother, Joshua, was adopted at the same time from the same Siberian orphanage.
## International swimming career {#international_swimming_career}
Long entered the international stage at the 2004 Paralympic Games in Athens, Greece, winning three gold medals in swimming. Aged twelve at the time, she was the youngest competitor on the U.S. Paralympic Team. Long had 18 world record-breaking performances in 2006. Her performance at the 2006 International Paralympic Committee (IPC) Swimming World Championships in Durban, South Africa, where she won nine gold medals for her participation in seven individual medleys and two relays. She also held five world records which made her known from outside the world of Paralympic sport. In 2006, Long became the first Paralympic athlete selected as the AAU\'s James E. Sullivan Award winner. She was honored as the U.S. Olympic Committee\'s 2006 Paralympian of the year and Swimming World Magazine\'s 2006 Disabled Swimmer of the Year.
In June 2021 the US announced the 34 Paralympic swimmers who would be going to the delayed 2020 Summer Paralympics in Tokyo. Long was named as the lead for the women\'s team of McKenzie Coan, Elizabeth Marks, Rebecca Meyers and Mallory Weggemann.
On April 14, 2022, Long was named to the roster to represent the United States at the 2022 World Para Swimming Championships. On April 29, 2023, Long was named to the roster to represent the United States at the 2023 World Para Swimming Championships.
At the 2024 Summer Paralympics Long won two gold medals. The U.S. Olympic and Paralympic committee barred Long from the 2024 Summer Paralympics Closing Ceremony after Long questioned Christie Raleigh Crossley\'s disability on social media and allegations of long term bullying were made. Long also received a suspension from the US Paralympic Swimming National Team.
**Major achievements:**
CR: Championship Record; WR: World Record
- **2004:** Three gold medals, 100m freestyle, 400m freestyle, 4 × 100 m freestyle relay -- Paralympic Games, Athens, Greece
- **2005:** Five gold medals, bronze medal, two world records, and named Swimmer of the Meet -- 2005 U.S. Paralympics Open Swimming Championships, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- **2006:** Two world records (100m butterfly, 200m individual medley) -- Blaze Sports Georgia Open, Atlanta, Georgia
- **2006:** U.S. Olympic Committee Female Athlete of the Month -- January 2006
- **2006:** Five gold medals, silver medal, four world records (50m breaststroke, 50m butterfly, 200m breaststroke, 400m individual medley) -- Can-Am Championships, London, Ontario, Canada
- **2006:** Named winner of 77th AAU James E. Sullivan Award
- **2006:** Named Disabled Swimmer of the Year by Swimming World magazine
- **2006:** Named U.S. Olympic Committee Paralympian of the Year
- **2006:** Second place Rock Climbing Speed Climbing -- Extremity Games
- **2006:** Selected as USA Swimming\'s Disability Swimmer of the Year (Trischa L. Zorn Award)
- **2006:** Two world records (100m butterfly, 200m individual medley) -- Belgian Open, Antwerp, Belgium
- **2006:** Nine gold medals (100m freestyle -- WR, 100m butterfly -- WR, 200m individual medley -- WR, 400m freestyle -- WR, 34pts 4 × 100 m freestyle relay -- WR, 50m freestyle, 100m backstroke, 100m breaststroke, 34pts 4 × 100 m medley relay) -- International Paralympic Committee (IPC) Swimming World Championships, Durban, South Africa
- **2007:** Three world records (200m backstroke, 400m individual medley, 800m freestyle) -- Spring Can-Am Swimming Championships, Montreal, Canada
- **2007:** Three world records (50m butterfly, 200m freestyle, 1500m freestyle) -- GTAC Disability Open, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan
- **2007:** Recipient of the ESPN Best Female Athlete with a Disability ESPY Award
- **2007:** Selected as USA Swimming\'s Disability Swimmer of the Year (Trischa L. Zorn Award)
- **2007:** First place, 50m backstroke, 50m butterfly, 100m backstroke, 100m breaststroke, 100m freestyle, 200m butterfly; second place, 50m freestyle -- U.S. Paralympics Open Swimming Championships, College Park, Md.
- **2008:** World record, S8 100m butterfly -- Can-Am Championships, Victoria, Canada
- **2008:** Recipient of Juan Antonio Samaranch IOC Disabled Athlete Award
- **2008:** Four gold medals, three world records (400m freestyle -- WR, 100m freestyle -- WR, 200m individual medley -- WR, 100m butterfly); silver medal (100m backstroke); bronze medal (100m breaststroke) -- International Paralympic Committee (IPC) -- Paralympic Games, Beijing, China
- **2009:** Seven gold medals (100m breaststroke, 100m butterfly, 50m freestyle, 50m butterfly, 400m freestyle, 50m breaststroke, 100m freestyle) -- Spring Can-Am Championships, Gresham, Oregon
- **2009:** Seven gold medals, world record, S8 100m breaststroke -- Summer Can-Am Championships, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- **2009:** Four gold medals and world records (100m freestyle -- WR, 400m freestyle -- WR, 100m breaststroke -- WR, 100m butterfly -- WR); four silver medals (50m freestyle, 100m individual medley, 200m individual medley, 34 pts 4 × 100 m freestyle relay) -- International Paralympic Committee (IPC) Swimming World Championships 25m, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- **2010:** Six gold medals (50m freestyle, 100m freestyle, 400m freestyle, 100m breaststroke, 100m butterfly, 100m breaststroke) -- Can-Am National Championships, San Antonio, Texas
- **2010:** Seven gold medals, two world records (100m freestyle, 400m freestyle, 100m backstroke, 100m butterfly, 200m individual medley -- WR, 34pts 4 × 100 m freestyle relay -- WR, 34pts 4 × 100 m medley relay); two silver medals (50m freestyle, 100m breaststroke) -- International Paralympic Committee (IPC) Swimming World Championships, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
- **2011:** Nine gold medals, four world records (50m freestyle, 100m freestyle -- WR, 400m freestyle -- WR, 100m butterfly -- WR, 100m backstroke, 100m breaststroke, 200m individual medley -- WR, 34pts 4 × 100 m freestyle relay, 34pts 4 × 100 m medley relay) -- Pan Pacific Para Swimming Championships, Edmonton, Canada
- **2011:** Six gold medals (100m freestyle, 100m breaststroke, 50m backstroke, 100m backstroke, 100m butterfly, 200m individual medley) -- Can-Am Open Swimming Championship, La Mirada, California
- **2011:** Named Disabled Swimmer of the Year by Swimming World magazine
- **2012:** Recipient of the ESPN Best Female Athlete with a Disability ESPY Award
- **2012:** Five gold medals (100m butterfly, 400m freestyle, 100m breaststroke, 200m indiv. medley, 100m freestyle); two silver medals (4 × 100 m freestyle 34pts, 100m backstroke); bronze medal (4 × 100 m medley 34pts) -- International Paralympic Committee (IPC) -- Paralympic Summer Games, London, England
- **2012:** Named U.S. Paralympic SportsWoman of the Year by the United States Olympic Committee
- **2013:** Three gold medals (100m freestyle, 200m individual medley, 400m Free) -- U.S. Paralympics Spring Swimming Nationals/Can-Am, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- **2013:** Three gold medals, world record (200m individual medley, 400m freestyle, 100m butterfly -- WR); silver medal (100m freestyle); bronze medal (4X100m freestyle) -- International Paralympic Committee (IPC) Swimming World Championships, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- **2013:** Recipient of the ESPN Best Female Athlete with a Disability ESPY Award
- **2014:** Four gold medals (100m freestyle, 200m individual medley, 100m backstroke, 400m freestyle) -- U.S. Paralympics Spring Swimming Nationals/Can-Am, Miami, Florida
- **2014:** Six gold medals (100m freestyle, 100m breaststroke, 4x100 freestyle, 400m freestyle, 100m butterfly, 200 Individual Medley); two silver medals (100m backstroke, 4X100 medley) -- Pan Pacific Para-Swimming Championships, Pasadena, California
- **2014:** Named Para-Swimming Female Athlete of the Year by swimming news website SwimSwam
- **2015:** Four gold medals (100m butterfly, 100m breaststroke, 200m individual medley, 400m freestyle); three silver medals (100m freestyle, 4 × 100 m freestyle relay, 100m backstroke) -- International Paralympic Committee (IPC) Swimming World Championships, Glasgow, Scotland
- **2015:** Selected as USA Swimming\'s Disability Swimmer of the Year (Trischa L. Zorn Award)
- **2016:** One gold medal (200m individual medley SM8); three silver medals (100 m breaststroke SB7, 400 m freestyle S8, 4×100 m freestyle 34 pts ); two bronze medals (100 m butterfly S8, 100 m backstroke S8) -- International Paralympic Committee (IPC) -- Paralympic Summer Games, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
## In popular media {#in_popular_media}
A special NBC broadcast in 2014, *Long Way Home*, followed Long\'s journey to meet her biological parents. The story of her adoption was portrayed in a Toyota ad, titled *Upstream*, which ran as a Super Bowl commercial in 2021 and during the 2020 Summer Olympics and 2020 Summer Paralympics
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# Changeling: The Lost
***Changeling: The Lost*** is the fifth supplementary role-playing game line published by White Wolf Publishing. It uses the Storytelling System for rules and is set in the Chronicles of Darkness setting. Changeling is the second limited game published by White Wolf after *Promethean: The Created*, but in April 2008 it was announced that because of the success of the line it would be an extended limited series not limited to five books. Since then, three full hard-cover books were published: *Equinox Road*, *Dancers in the Dusk*, and *Swords at Dawn*. *Goblin Markets*, available only on PDF, was also created. This was followed by the setting book *Victorian Lost*.
The game is primarily inspired by tales of changelings from European folklore but includes elements of similar stories from around the world. While superficially similar to the Classic World of Darkness game *Changeling: The Dreaming*, *Changeling: The Lost* approaches the legends from a more traditional perspective of mortals kidnapped by Fae and eschews the past life angle that characterized its predecessor.
In 2014, Onyx Path Publishing announced the game\'s second edition, which released on January 16, 2019.
## Release history {#release_history}
The game was released on August 16, 2007, \"just in time for Gen Con,\" according to the White Wolf website. Previous to that, updates on the White Wolf website slowly revealed more about the setting and the mechanics. Much of what was known about the game, prior to the official updates, was disseminated by members who attended the 2007 GAMA Trade Show in Las Vegas.
On April 25, 2007, a White Wolf staff member\'s publicly posted photograph documenting a prank revealed the *Changeling* cover for the first time.
On April 30, 2007, the cover for *Changeling: The Lost* was officially revealed via White Wolf\'s news feed; coupled with this description of the game line from the publisher:
> Taken from your home, transformed by the power of Faerie, kept as the Others' slave or pet --- but you never forgot where you came from. Now you have found your way back through the Thorns, to a home that is no longer yours. You are Lost. Find yourself.
The cover depicts the *Changeling* title super-imposed over a mass of green thorns; a battered Luna moth is impaled on the thorns.
A \"quickstart\" version of *Changeling: The Lost* was released for Free RPG Day, June 23, 2007. This free demo was made available for download from the White Wolf, Inc. website on June 26, 2007.
In 2014, Onyx Path announced that there would be an updated release of *Changeling: The Lost*, similar to the remakes of their other series. The second edition was released on January 16, 2019.
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# Changeling: The Lost
## Game overview {#game_overview}
The game is set in the Chronicles of Darkness, a fictional analog to the real world in which human beings unknowingly coexist with legendary monsters and other supernatural phenomena. The \"Changelings\" of the title are ordinary human beings who were kidnapped by the Fae and taken as slaves to their world (alternately known as **Arcadia** or **Faerie**). The player characters are changelings who have managed to escape their otherworldly captors and struggle through the barrier (known as the **Hedge** or the **Thorns**) that separates Faerie from Earth. The game focuses on the experiences of these changelings as they re-discover the world of their birth, try to cope with the metamorphoses they have undergone, and seek to evade recapture.
### Themes
The dominant themes of the game are the pain of loss, the quest for identity, and the bittersweet nature of human existence.
Changelings refer to themselves as \"the Lost\": they were kidnapped by the godlike Fae, taken to an alien realm, and held prisoner. While trapped there (referred to as their \"Durance\"), they were forced to serve their otherworldly masters and endure inhuman tortures; to survive under the twisted laws underpinning Arcadia, they also had to undergo physical and supernatural metamorphoses. Many escape only to find that they have been replaced by a faerie simulacrum (called a \"Fetch\") and that they have not been missed at all. Most also discover that time passed differently in Arcadia than in the mortal world, and they are either too old or too young to resume their normal lives. Those who can often attempt to pick up where they left off before they were taken, with varying degrees of success, while others try to build new human lives elsewhere. However even under the best possible circumstances, the Lost are no longer fully human; they have become part of both worlds and while they are still human enough to make sense of human things, they have metamorphosed just enough to skew their perceptions. Many embrace their new existences, compensating for the loss of their mortal lives by immersing themselves in changeling society. Most find that they have come to appreciate humanity in a new way, finding beauty in the most mundane or painful of experiences, aching for things they did not appreciate before their capture.
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# Changeling: The Lost
## Characters
Changeling characters are unique individuals, each one shaped differently by his or her personal experiences in the world of the Fae. As a result, *Changeling: The Lost* features a more nuanced and detailed character-creation system than the other *World of Darkness* games. Each Changeling possesses a **Seeming**, and may possess a **Kith** which further defines a seeming, a **Court** represented by Seasons or any other patterns, and **Entitlements** which are used to distinguish and describe the nature of the character according to the metamorphoses that her time with the Fae have wrought upon her. Some Changelings exhibit inhuman beauty, while others exhibit atavism; some are defined by a particular season, while others are defined by their approach to social interaction.
All things fae, including changelings, are also protected by the **Mask**, an illusion that makes them appear as mundane versions of themselves. Only fae beings can see through the Mask, though they can ensorcell humans and thereby grant them the temporary ability to see through the Mask.
**The Seemings are as listed:**
- *Beasts*: Changelings that share qualities with animals both mythical and mundane.
- *Darklings*: Changelings that represent the aspects of Fear and Shadow.
- *Elementals*: Changelings that have become one with an aspect of nature.
- *Fairests*: Changelings that embody the beauty and majesty of the Fae.
- *Ogres*: Changelings that were subject to violence and became avatars of it.
- *Wizened*: Changelings that served as workers and servants only to become the figure of their profession.
The Lost have many problems to deal with, the most prominent being the Gentry, or True Fae. Other problems include their fetches, Hobgoblins, Enchanted Mortals, Mad Changelings, and the various other beings within the World of Darkness Cosmology. Not to mention conflicts within the political bodies that make up Changeling society, from debates to full-scale underground wars, between Courts, Freeholds and Entitlements.
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# Changeling: The Lost
## Books
### First Edition {#first_edition}
Title Release Product no. ISBN Note(s)
----------------------------------- ------------------- ------------- ------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*Changeling: The Lost* August 16, 2007 WW70000 Core rulebook
*The Fear Maker\'s Promise* August 16, 2007 WW70905 Adventure for *Changeling: The Lost*. Published digitally.
*Autumn Nightmares* October 5, 2007 WW70300 Antagonists book
*Winter Masques* November 30, 2007 WW70200 Seemings and kith book
*Rites of Spring* February 6, 2008 WW70201 Contracts and magic book
*Lords of Summer* June 11, 2008 WW70202 Courts and entitlements book
*The Equinox Road* August 6, 2008 WW70203 Advanced guide on playing with themes, moods, epic levels of play and variants
*Night Horrors: Grim Fears* October 6, 2008 WW70205 An antagonist book filled with Fae and Lost for any chronicle and crossover
*The Rose-Bride\'s Plight* October 7, 2007 WW70906 Adventure for *Changeling: The Lost*. Published digitally.
*Dancers in the Dusk* April 1, 2009 WW70207 Sourcebook on dreams and nightmares, the Hedge and the Dusk court
*Swords at Dawn* June 24, 2009 WW70208 An Antagonist book filled with Fae and Lost for any chronicle and crossover
*Ready Made Characters: Personae* July 1, 2009 WW70001 Characters with art and backgrounds ready to play without preparation
*Goblin Markets* September 9, 2009 WW70002 Sourcebook about goblins and goblin markets. Published digitally.
*Victorian Lost* June 5, 2012 WW70006 Sourcebook for running chronicles set in Victorian England
### Second Edition {#second_edition}
Title Release Product no. ISBN Note(s)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------- ------------- ------ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
*The Huntsmen Chronicle Anthology* October 25, 2017 Anthology of short stories
*Changeling: The Lost Second Edition* January 16, 2019 CTL001 Revised core rulebook
*Hearts on Trial: Changeling the Lost Second Edition Jumpstart* January 23, 2019 Rules digest including ready-made adventure and characters
*Oak, Ash, and Thorn: The Changeling: The Lost Second Edition Companion* April 17, 2020 Companion book expanding on the second edition
*Kith and Kin* November 16, 2022 Sourcebook for new kiths and powers, and tools for creating new kiths of one\'s own
*The Hedge* March 13, 2024 Sourcebook about the space between the material and faerie worlds
## Reception
*Changeling: The Lost* has been more popular than its predecessor *Changeling: The Dreaming*, and has won several awards: in 2008, it received the Gold ENnie Awards for Product of the Year, Best Interior Art, Best Production Values, and Best Writing. Additionally, the supplement *The Fear Maker\'s Promise* and the demo *Changling: The Lost Quickstart* won the Silver ENnie Awards for Best Electronic Book and Best Free Product, respectively.
In her book *Elves and Fairies*, writer Kris Hirschmann praised the darker and creepier tone of *Changeling: The Lost* compared to *Changeling: The Dreaming*, saying that it, despite being too sinister for some, made for a fascinating premise that is \"seductive in its scariness\"
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# Sathivada
**Sathivada** is a village and panchayat in Nellimarla mandal of Vizianagaram district, Andhra Pradesh, India.
## Assembly constituency {#assembly_constituency}
Sathivada is an assembly constituency in Andhra Pradesh. There are 1,24,695 registered voters in Sathivada constituency in 1999 elections
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# WCBY
**WCBY** (1240 AM and **W264CF** 100.7 FM) is a radio station in Cheboygan, Michigan, broadcasting a classic country format delivered by Westwood One \"Big Country Gold\" is the slogan, which plays off sister country FM WMKC 102.9 known as \"Big Country - 102-9\". WCBY is owned by Black Diamond Broadcast Holdings, LLC.
The station began broadcasting in 1954 as a 250-watt station under the ownership of Straits Broadcasting. For over a quarter-century the station featured a full-service format featuring popular music which was chiefly MOR in nature but included some Top 40 fare to appeal to younger listeners after school hours. An FM sister, 25,000-watt WCBY-FM at 105.1, was added in 1968 and aired a beautiful music format.
WCBY-AM/FM were sold in 1981 to Fabiano-Strickler Communications, which implemented format changes at both AM and FM, changing the AM to country music and the FM to Top 40, eventually changing the FM\'s call letters to WQLZ and boosting its power to 100,000 watts. In 1989, WGFM and WQLZ came under the ownership of Del Reynolds, who had begun his broadcasting career at WCBY in the 1960s, and his wife Mary. WCBY-AM adopted an MOR/adult standards format which continued for over two decades, and WQLZ became WGFM with a classic rock format as \"W-Gold FM\", later changing to \"The Bear\" and most recently to \"Real Rock 105 & 95-5\" (simulcast with WJZJ-FM Traverse City). At various times WCBY featured programming from the Music of Your Life network and from Waitt Radio Networks\' \"The Lounge\" format.
In April 2010, WCBY dropped standards in favor of the classic country format formerly heard on FM sister station 94.5 FM.
In October 2012, WCBY added a presence on the FM dial with translator 100.7 W264CF Saint Ignace. In the early days of WCBY, the station had a studio in St. Ignace but closed that studio when Mighty-Mac Broadcasting Company\'s WIDG signed on the air.
In February 2015, WCBY became an affiliate of CBS Radio airing hourly national news, complemented by local news, sports, and community information.
WCBY airs Cheboygan Chief basketball and football games as well as Detroit Tigers Baseball and Detroit Red Wings Hockey games.
WCBY streams on line at www.bigcountrygold
| 368 |
WCBY
| 0 |
11,095,505 |
# Rhomboclase
**Rhomboclase** is an acidic iron sulfate mineral with a formula reported as H~5~Fe^3+^O~2~(SO~4~)~2~·2(H~2~O) or HFe(SO~4~)~2~·4(H~2~O). It crystallizes in the orthorhombic system and typically occurs as tabular crystals with a rhombic outline. It occurs as transparent colorless, blue, green, yellow or grey crystals with a vitreous to pearly luster.
Rhomboclase forms within the oxidizing environment of pyrite rich ore deposits and is reported as a *post mine* mineral of arid regions.
It was first described in 1888 for an occurrence in Slovakia and was named from Latin, *rhombus*, rhomb, and Greek *klasis*, to break, for its crystal form and perfect basal cleavage
| 103 |
Rhomboclase
| 0 |
11,095,518 |
# John McLevy
**John McLevy** (born 2 January 1927, Dundee, Scotland -- died 27 November 2002) was a Scottish jazz trumpeter.
He played in Europe for Benny Goodman in the 1970s, alongside George Masso, Hank Jones and Slam Stewart. He performed with artists such as Max Bygraves, Roy Williams, accordionist Jack Emblow and later in a duo with veteran trumpeter Tommy McQuater
| 62 |
John McLevy
| 0 |
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# Werner Roth (footballer)
**Werner Roth** (25 July 1925 -- 25 March 2011) was a German football player and manager.
Roth played as a midfielder for VfB Mühlburg between 1948 and 1952. He remained with the club following Muhlburg\'s merger with *Karlsruher FC Phönix* and played for newly formed Karlsruher SC until 1959, appearing 156 times and scoring 10 goals in the Oberliga Süd. He also coached the club in the Bundesliga from 19 October 1965 until 1 November 1966
| 80 |
Werner Roth (footballer)
| 0 |
11,095,531 |
# Carl Leone
**Carl Desmond Leone** (born c.1976) is a Canadian businessman from Windsor, Ontario. Leone was jailed after pleading guilty in a Windsor court to 15 counts of aggravated sexual assault for not informing his sexual partners of his positive HIV status. It is believed he has been charged with exposing more women to the AIDS-causing virus than anyone in Canadian history. Two of his victims have attempted suicide.
## Diagnosis and subsequent actions {#diagnosis_and_subsequent_actions}
In 1997, Leone was told by Windsor Essex County Health Unit workers that he was HIV-positive. Seven years later on June 6, 2004, he was arrested. On June 10, police issued a public safety advisory that resulted in more than 100 people seeking HIV tests for having been a partner of Leone or possibly being linked to him. Under Canadian criminal law, people knowing they are HIV positive have a legal duty to disclose their HIV status before engaging in behaviors that put another person at significant risk of serious bodily harm. This is the result of the 1998 ruling by the Supreme Court of Canada in R. v. Cuerrier, which held that a partner cannot truly give informed consent if the other fails to disclose their HIV status.
Complainants said they would not have been Leone\'s partner had he been truthful about his status. Six of the 22 complainants tested positive for HIV (three of them learned of their condition after his arrest) with the same rare strain that Leone was infected with. The strain is extremely rare in Canada, and the number of local cases represented an unusually high concentration for the country and constituted a public health issue for the Public Health Agency of Canada. Dr. Paul Sandstrom, director of the National HIV & Retrovirology Laboratories, testified that \"Windsor cluster\" was unique in North America because it is a different HIV strain infection than the one that began spreading across North America in the early-1980s and is more commonly found in Southeast Asia.
## Legal proceedings {#legal_proceedings}
Initially, Leone was refused bail but turned to well-known criminal defence lawyer Edward Greenspan who successfully appealed the decision. Leone was released after posting bail of nearly \$800,000.
By the time of the trial, Leone was represented by Andrew Bradie. On April 27, 2007, prior to any of the complainants testifying, Leone agreed to plead guilty. The agreement spared the complainants the experience of testifying and also marked the first time he publicly acknowledged his HIV-positive status.
On October 23, 2007, the Deputy Attorney General of Ontario approved the Crown attorney\'s motion to pursue a dangerous offender designation for Leone. Under the Criminal Code, a person designated a dangerous offender may be indefinitely incarcerated so that they do not get released into society if there is a fear they may re-offend due to their violent tendencies.
## Sentence
At the time of sentencing, the Windsor Star interviewed detectives Pat Keane and Bill Stibbard, who investigated the case, and a pair of Leone\'s victims who were 17 and 18 at the time of Leone\'s offences. The detectives and women described how Leone lured the teenage girls (under the drinking age) through internet chatrooms and online messengers to night clubs, drugged them, took them to other locations, and engaged in unprotected sex with their unconscious bodies. The detectives said that at least four victims claimed that Leone had raped them while unconscious. The detectives also told of a 16-year-old girl and another woman, who was a virgin when she met Leone, whom he infected with HIV. In trial, Leone\'s parole officer claimed that Leone informed her that he had purchased date rape drugs from drug dealers.
Leone was sentenced to 18 years in prison in April 2008, with eligibility for parole in six years. The judge said he was unable to designate him a dangerous offender because there was insufficient evidence that he would commit similar offences if released.
He was twice refused day parole in November 2015 and September 2016, but was granted in April 2017. Leone planned to move back to Windsor to live with his family
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# WCCY
**WCCY** (1400 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a contemporary hit radio format. Licensed to Houghton, Michigan, it first began broadcasting in 1929. It is owned by Morgan Murphy Media.
The studios are at 313 E. Montezuma, Houghton. It shares this location with its sister stations, WHBS, WHKB, and WOLV.
## History
WCCY is the oldest continually operated radio station in the Upper Peninsula, tracing its history back to WHDF in nearby Calumet.
On June 16, 2017, at 3 pm, WCCY changed their format from adult standards to CHR, branded as \"99.3 The Lift\".
In September 2023, The Marks Group sold its Michigan broadcasting properties---WBKB-TV, WBKP, WBUP, and the Houghton and Iron River radio stations---for \$13.375 million to Morgan Murphy Media. The deal was closed on December 4
| 130 |
WCCY
| 0 |
11,095,571 |
# Özgür Bayer
**Özgür Bayer** (born 4 April 1979 in Balıkesir, Turkey) is a Turkish former football player
| 18 |
Özgür Bayer
| 0 |
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# Frederick G. Donnan
**Frederick George Donnan** (6 September 1870 -- 16 December 1956) was a Ceylonese-born British chemist who is known for the Gibbs--Donnan effect describing ionic transport in cells. He spent most of his career at University College London.
## Life
Donnan was born in Colombo, Ceylon, the son of William Donnan, a Belfast merchant, and his wife, Jane Ross Turnley Liggate. He spent his early life in Ulster. He was blind in one eye as the result of a childhood accident, and is often shown in profile. He studied at Queen\'s College, Belfast gaining a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1894, then at the University of Leipzig with Wilhelm Ostwald, resulting in a PhD in 1896, followed by research with J. H. van\'t Hoff. Donnan then became a research student at University College London, joining the academic staff in 1901.
In 1903, he became a lecturer on organic chemistry at the Royal College of Science, Dublin, followed a chair in physical chemistry at the University of Liverpool in 1906. In 1913, he returned to University College London, where he remained until his retirement, serving as Head of Department from 1928 to 1937.
He died in Canterbury on 16 December 1956. He was unmarried and had no children.
## Work
During the First World War, Donnan was a consultant to the Ministry of Munitions, and worked with chemical engineer K. B. Quinan on plants for the fixation of nitrogen, for compounds essential for the manufacture of munitions. It was for this work that Donnan received the CBE in 1920. It was also during this period that he coined the word aerosol. He was said to have been \"an early enthusiast for the new discipline of chemical engineering\", and following the war was closely involved with the company Brunner Mond in the development of a major chemical works at Billingham.
Donnan\'s 1911 paper on membrane equilibrium was important for leather and gelatin technology, but even more so for understanding the transport of materials between living cells and their surroundings. It was on this so-called Donnan equilibrium that he frequently was asked to lecture across Europe and America, and is largely the only scientific research for which he is remembered today. The Donnan equilibrium remains an important concept for understanding ion transport in cells.
Just before World War II, Donnan was active in helping European refugees wanting to flee from the Nazis. Among those he assisted were Hermann Arthur Jahn and Edward Teller, who wrote their paper on the Jahn--Teller effect while in London.
## Positions held {#positions_held}
Founder member of the Faraday Society and its president from 1924--26.
Fellow of the Chemical Society and President 1937-39.
President of the British Association of Chemists 1940-41.
## Honours
- 1911 -- Fellow of the Royal Society
- 1920 -- CBE for wartime services
- 1924 -- Longstaff Medal of the Chemical Society
- 1928 -- Davy Medal
- 1936 -- Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
- Donnan received 11 honorary degrees.
## Collections
In 1957 Donnan\'s family donated his archive to the library at University College London. The collection contains correspondence, subject files, copies of reports and speeches, and photographic material
| 532 |
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# WCEN-FM
**WCEN-FM** (94.5 MHz, \"The Moose\") is a radio station broadcasting a country music format. WCEN has been licensed in Hemlock, Michigan since 2001. It first began broadcasting in 1959 and was originally licensed in Mount Pleasant, Michigan (though the tower location and signal pattern have not changed since the city of license change, and the station still has a local-grade signal in Mount Pleasant). The station has been playing country music since 1969 and as a full-time format since 1980.
## Early history and AM frequency {#early_history_and_am_frequency}
On October 16, 1948, Paul A. Brandt, a Mount Pleasant, Mich., businessman, applied to the Federal Communications Commission for a broadcast station construction permit. On April 21, 1948, the FCC granted a construction permit for station WCEN and building began. On August 8, 1949, WCEN-AM went on the air for the first time as a 500-watt, AM daytime only station on 1150 kHz. The studios were located in downtown Mount Pleasant at 112½ E. Broadway, above Voisin\'s Jewelry store. The transmitter was located about one mile south of the then city limits, just east of U.S. 27 on Bluegrass Road. In late 1949, Steve Cole became the chief engineer and general manager. On December 17, 1951, the FCC granted a construction permit for WCEN improvements. On February 26, 1952, the station began full-time operation on 1150 kHz with 1,000 watts, non-directional daytime, and 500 watts directional nighttime power. In late 1953, the WCEN studios were moved from downtown Mount Pleasant to the Bluegrass Road transmitter site. In 1959, WCEN-FM went on the air at 94.5 MHz. The FM transmitter and antenna were co-located at the Bluegrass Road location. In 1969, a country format was tried for the first time on the 94.5 frequency; and later a dayparted mixture of country and rock. Afterwards, 94.5 turned into a full-time country station as \"94 Country\". This came with an upgrade in 1990 which moved both the AM and FM transmitters to a location near Coleman, Michigan. The new thousand-foot FM tower and erp of 100,000 watts for WCEN provided the maximum Class C1 coverage area, reaching much of Mid-Michigan including the Tri-Cities. Later the entire Tri-Cities station group was sold to Wilks Broadcasting for \$6 million. In November 2000, WCEN-AM at 1150 went silent after 51 years serving the Mount Pleasant area.
## Listening area & range {#listening_area_range}
WCEN has a relatively strong signal with the ability to reach the Mid-Michigan Thumb. During certain atmospheric conditions, it has the tendency to reach the Far northern Oakland County area, however the signal is not often strong that far south. WCEN can also be heard in western Sanilac County and under the right conditions, as far east as Marlette. WCEN has a large coverage area, giving local coverage to about thirteen counties.
## Airstaff
The current lineup (as of October 2023) is as follows
- **The Moose Morning Show** with Jim Biggins and Jodi K
| 490 |
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11,095,629 |
# Alexander Douglas (bishop)
**Alexander Douglas** (1561--1623) was a Church of Scotland minister and served as Bishop of Moray.
## Life
He was born in 1561 the son of Alexander Douglas, Provost of Elgin, and his wife Agnes Leslie. In September 1573 he was appointed minister of Alves but moved only a few weeks later to Spynie parish. In 1580 he translated to Keith and from there to Elgin in 1581.
Minister at Elgin for 17 years, he was elevated to the bishopric of Moray, receiving crown provision on 30 November 1602. He was not consecrated, for over eight years, eventually undergoing a ceremony at Edinburgh on 15 March 1611.
He died 11 May 1623, at Elgin. He was buried in his cathedral, the church of St Giles, Elgin, in a vault by a window. The structure is now ruinous
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# Thomas Hobbes Scott
**Thomas Hobbes Scott** (17 April 1783 -- 1 January 1860) was an English-born Anglican cleric active in the Colony of New South Wales.
## Early life {#early_life}
Scott was born in Kelmscott, Oxford, England, one of the youngest of eight children of James Scott, sometime vicar of Itchen Stoke, Hampshire, and chaplain ordinary to George III, and his wife Jane Elizabeth, *née* Harmood.
Scott went to France after his father\'s death and was a vice-consul at Bordeaux and later went bankrupt as a wine merchant.
Scott was a clerk to a British consulate in Italy. Scott matriculated at Oxford University at the late age of 30, on 11 October 1813, and graduated M.A. on 12 November 1818. He was at St Alban Hall, subsequently merged in Merton College. Early in 1819 he was appointed secretary of the commission of John Bigge and Governor Lachlan Macquarie was instructed that in the event of the death or illness of Bigge, Scott would take his place. After his return to England Scott took holy orders and became rector of Whitfield, Northumberland, in 1822.
Early in 1824, at the request of Earl Bathurst, Scott drew up an elaborate plan for providing for churches and schools in Australia. The main idea was that one-tenth of the lands in the colony should be vested in trustees for the support of churches and schools. Primary schools were to be followed by schools for agriculture and trades, and also schools to fit students for a university which was ultimately visualized. He also suggested that pending the establishment of the university a few of the ablest students should be awarded exhibitions to take them to Oxford or Cambridge. His plans were adopted in a modified form.
## New South Wales {#new_south_wales}
Scott was appointed archdeacon of New South Wales on 2 October 1824, and he arrived at Sydney on 7 May 1825. He was also a trustee of the clergy and school lands; this corporation, however, had neither land nor funds. Governor Brisbane opposed his suggestion that \"government reserves\" should be considered church and school lands, and with regard to land generally, comparatively little of it had even been surveyed. Scott too was working on the assumption that the control of education would be in the hands of the Church of England, which brought vigorous opposition from the Presbyterians, Wesleyans and Roman Catholics. Scott\'s connexion with Bigge and a friendship he had formed with John Macarthur tended to make him unpopular, and though Governor Darling spoke of him as amiable and well-disposed, he quarrelled with several men of the period. Scott was appointed a member of the New South Wales Legislative Council by reason of his office as archdeacon and was made a member of the Executive Council in 1825. On 1 January 1828, he sent his resignation to England and was succeeded in 1829 as archdeacon by William Grant Broughton, who later was to become the first Bishop of Australia. Scott\'s final report on the church and school establishment of New South Wales was dated 1 September 1829.
## Later life and death {#later_life_and_death}
Scott then set sail for England aboard `{{HMS|Success|1825|6}}`{=mediawiki}. The ship struck a reef off Fremantle on 28 November 1829, marooning him in the new Swan River Colony, in which he was the first ordained minister. He ministered alone to the colony for two months, building a temporary church and officiating at the first Christmas celebrations, until he was joined by John Burdett Wittenoom, the appointed colonial chaplain. Scott was well regarded by the colonists and by Wittenoom, and the settlement of Kelmscott, Western Australia, was named after Scott\'s birthplace.
Scott continued his homeward journey aboard the William, stopping in Old Batavia where he opened an English chapel. On arriving in England, Scott took charge once again of his parish at Whitfield, where he had installed a curate in his absence, and was later made an honorary canon of Durham. He died at Whitfield on 1 January 1860.
## Assessment
Scott was a capable man who was arbitrary and autocratic. He could not get on with his own clergy, and when he visited Tasmania in 1826 a report he made on the state of religion and education raised similar antagonism to that he had experienced in Sydney. He was a hard worker, he had a fine conception of the place education should take in the colony, and during his five years in New South Wales, the number of schools and the number of pupils attending regularly were both more than doubled. His proposed scheme of education in Australia could not be accepted at the time, largely because it assumed the ascendancy of the Church of England, but considered broadly it was a statesmanlike piece of work which must have had much influence on the plans that were later developed
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# High School Old Boys RFC
**High School Old Boys** is a rugby union football club based in Christchurch, New Zealand. The club was founded in 1901 by former students of Christchurch Boys\' High School (CBHS). While many members are former CBHS students, High School Old Boys RFC is an open club accepting both male and female players. The club is affiliated with the Canterbury Rugby Football Union.
## History
## Name
The official name of the club is the \"Christchurch High School Old Boys Rugby Football Club\". This is generally shortened to \"High School Old Boys\" (HSOB) and the club is commonly referred to simply as \"Old Boys\" or the \"Polar Bears\" due to their full white playing uniform and notoriously cold home fields.
## Location
The High School Old Boys clubrooms are located in Hagley Park adjacent to the Bob Deans Playing Fields on North Hagley Park, 12 Riccarton Avenue, Christchurch
## Colours
Old Boys colours are: White jersey, white shorts and black socks with blue tops
## All Blacks coaches from HSOB {#all_blacks_coaches_from_hsob}
- Graham Henry, former All Blacks coach
- Steve Hansen, current All Blacks coach
- Brad Mooar, former All Blacks assistant coach
## Notable players {#notable_players}
### All Blacks {#all_blacks}
A number of New Zealand representatives, called All Blacks, have been selected for international duties while affiliated to the club. Before the advent of professionalism in 1996, international players would appear for their clubs regularly in New Zealand, but since the introduction of Super Rugby, most professional players play for their clubs only rarely
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11,095,651 |
# Mongolian Barbeque (album)
***Mongolian Barbeque*** is a 1997 studio album by the Leningrad Cowboys.
## Track listing {#track_listing}
## Personnel
**The Leningrad Cowboys:**
- Twist Twist Erkinharju - drums
- Sakke Järvenpää - vocals
- Veeti Kallio - vocals
- Tatu Kemppainen - guitar
- Vesa Kääpä - guitar
- Pemo Ojala - trumpet
- Silu Seppälä - bass
- Mauri Sumén - keyboards, accordion
- Mato Valtonen - vocals
- Mari Hatakka - Go-Go and vocals
- Tiina Isohanni - Go-Go and vocals
## EP
An EP of the same name was released in Finland to support this album.
CD: Megamania/1000 121432 (Finland)
1. \"There Must Be An Angel\"
2. \"Bad Wind\"
3
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# Charles McPherson (musician)
**Charles McPherson** (born July 24, 1939) is an American jazz alto saxophonist born in Joplin, Missouri, United States; raised in Detroit, Michigan; and now lives in San Diego, California. He worked intermittently with Charles Mingus from 1960 to 1974, and as a performer leading his own groups.
McPherson also was commissioned to help record ensemble renditions of pieces from Charlie Parker, on the 1988 soundtrack for the film *Bird*.
In 2020, the JazzTimes magazine readers' poll named McPherson Artist of the Year, and also selected his album *Jazz Dance Suites* as Best New Release.
## Discography
### As leader {#as_leader}
- *Bebop Revisited!* (Prestige, 1965)
- *Con Alma!* (Prestige, 1965)
- *The Quintet/Live!* (Prestige, 1967)
- *From This Moment On!* (Prestige, 1968)
- *Horizons* (Prestige, 1969)
- *McPherson\'s Mood* (Prestige, 1969)
- *Charles McPherson* (Mainstream, 1971)
- *Siku Ya Bibi (Day of the Lady)* (Mainstream, 1972)
- *Today\'s Man* (Mainstream, 1973)
- *Beautiful!* (Xanadu, 1975)
- *Live in Tokyo* (Xanadu, 1976)
- *New Horizons* (Xanadu, 1978)
- *Free Bop!* (Xanadu, 1979)
- *The Prophet* (Discovery, 1983)
- *Follow the Bouncing Ball* (Discovery, 1989)
- *Illusions in Blue* (Chazz Jazz, 1990)
- *First Flight Out* (Arabesque, 1994)
- *Come Play With Me* (Arabesque, 1995)
- *Live at Vartan Jazz* (Vartan, 1997)
- *Manhattan Nocturne* (Arabesque, 1998)
- *But Beautiful* (Venus, 2004)
- *Charles McPherson with Strings* (Clarion, 2005)
- *The Journey* (Capri Records, 2015)
- *Jazz Dance Suites* (Chazz Mack, 2020)
### As sideman {#as_sideman}
**With Barry Harris**
- *Newer Than New* (Riverside, 1961)
- *Bull\'s Eye!* (Prestige, 1968)
- *Stay Right with It* (Milestone, 1978)
- *Tokyo 1976* (Xanadu, 1980)
**With Charles Mingus**
- *Mingus* (Candid, 1961)
- *Mingus at Monterey* (Jazz Workshop, 1965)
- *Music Written for Monterey 1965* (Jazz Workshop, 1966)
- *My Favorite Quintet* (Fantasy, 1964)
- *Let My Children Hear Music* (Columbia, 1972)
- *Charles Mingus and Friends in Concert* (Columbia, 1973)
- *Mingus at Carnegie Hall* (Atlantic, 1974)
- *The Complete Town Hall Concert* (United Artists, 1983)
- *The Complete Candid Recordings of Charles Mingus* (Mosaic, 1985)
- *Shoes of the Fisherman\'s Wife* (Columbia, 1988)
- *Charles Mingus Sextet Paris, TNP October 28th 1970* (Ulysse Musique, 1988)
- *Live in Chateauvallon, 1972* (France\'s Concert, 1989)
- *Charles Mingus in Paris: The Complete America Session* (Sunnyside, 2007)
- *Pithycanthropus Erectus* (America, 1971)
- *Reincarnation of a Lovebird* (Prestige, 1974)
- *Something Like a Bird* (Atlantic, 1980)
**With others**
- Pepper Adams, *Pepper Adams Plays the Compositions of Charlie Mingus* (Workshop Jazz, 1964)
- Toshiko Akiyoshi, *Just Be Bop* (Discomate \[Japan\], 1980)
- Ray Appleton, *Killer Ray Rides Again* (Sharp Nine, 1996)
- Jeannie & Jimmy Cheatham, *Sweet Baby Blues* (Concord Jazz, 1985)
- Kenny Drew, *For Sure!* (Xanadu, 1981)
- Clint Eastwood, *Eastwood After Hours: Live at Carnegie Hall* (Warner Bros., 1997)
- Art Farmer, *The Many Faces of Art Farmer* (Scepter, 1964)
- Lionel Hampton, *At Newport \'78* (Timeless, 1980)
- Eddie Jefferson, *Come Along with Me* (Prestige, 1969)
- Eddie Jefferson, *There I Go Again* (Prestige, 1980)
- LaMont Johnson, *New York Exile* (Masterscores, 1980)
- Bobby Jones, *Arrival of Bobby Jones* (Cobblestone, 1972)
- Sam Jones, *Cello Again* (Xanadu, 1976)
- Dave Pike, *Bluebird* (Timeless, 1989)
- Jimmy Raney, *The Complete Jimmy Raney in Tokyo* (Xanadu, 1988)
- Red Rodney, *Bird Lives!* (Muse, 1974)
- Sonny Stitt & Don Patterson, *Sonny Stitt/Don Patterson Vol
| 565 |
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| 0 |
11,095,678 |
# WWDK
**WWDK** (\"94.1 Duke FM\"\') is a radio station broadcasting a classic country format. Licensed to Jackson, Michigan, it first began broadcasting on July 14, 1958 as WMKZ-FM. The station broadcasts from a tower near Springport, Michigan.
## History
After spending most of the 1960s in simulcast with WIBM (1450 AM) under various call signs (including **WMKZ**, **WIBM-FM**, and **WBBC**), 94.1 separated programming from the AM station in the late 1960s and adopted a separate MOR format, returning to the WBBC calls, and then changing to beautiful music as **WHFI** in 1974. In 1980, the station returned to the WIBM-FM calls, picking up the Top 40 format (including weekly broadcasts of Casey Kasem\'s American Top 40) from then-sister WIBM, which flipped to a country format at that time as WXCM. After moving to its current tower site in 1982, WIBM-FM changed its format to gold-based adult contemporary (as \"I-94\" and then \"94 Gold\"), and a few years later, would lose *AT40* to by-now rival WFMK. By November 1985, the station\'s format became oldies as \"Oldies 94.1,\" with which the station was successful for a number of years until its November 1995 switch to country as **WBHR**, \"The Bear\" (which would change monikers to \"Kix 94\" two years later under new **WXIK** call letters). AM 1450 regained the WIBM calls and simulcasted WIBM-FM from 1987 to 1994, at which time the station was sold to Cascades Broadcasting, then-owners of Jackson\'s other heritage radio station, WKHM; the sale permanently separated ownership of AM 1450 and FM 94.1. In May 2000, the station was sold to Ohio-based Rubber City Radio Group.
On March 27, 2001, WXIK flipped to classic hits as \"Rockin\' Hits 94.1 **WVIC**\". (The WVIC call sign was used for many years by AM 730 (now WVFN) and WVIC-FM 94.9 (now WMMQ) in East Lansing, as the market\'s dominant Top 40 music station from the 1970s through the early 1990s, with the new WVIC-FM playing off of that heritage.)
WVIC\'s format changed from classic hits to AC as \"Soft Rock 94.1\" at 7 p.m. on October 15, 2007, at which time the station went into Delilah\'s syndicated love-songs program. WVIC\'s format also included the Bob and Sheri morning show. In 2007, WVIC was also the first radio station in the Lansing market to change to an all-Christmas music format for the holiday season, as competitor WFMK had never done so in the past.
However, the station was unable to make any inroads against WFMK, and at 9 a.m. on August 17, 2009, the station flipped to a modern rock format as \"94.1 The Edge,\" reviving the format and moniker used for years on sister station WWDX (92.1 FM, now WQTX).
In February 2010, Rubber City announced that they were selling WVIC, as well as WJXQ, WQTX and WLMI to Midwest Communications based in Wausau, Wisconsin. The sale closed and was consummated in May of that year.
On March 16, 2015, WVIC changed their format to classic country, branded as \"94.1 Duke FM\". The station also changed their call letters to **WWDK** to go with the \"Duke FM\" branding.
## Bronco Radio Network {#bronco_radio_network}
WWDK is an affiliate of the Western Michigan University \"Broncos Radio Network\" and carries all of the Broncos football and men\'s basketball games
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| 0 |
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# Sariwon-class corvette
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| 19 |
Sariwon-class corvette
| 0 |
11,095,723 |
# WVFN
**WVFN** (730 AM) is a radio station licensed to East Lansing, Michigan, broadcasting a sports format known as \"The Game\". It broadcasts on AM frequency 730 kHz and is under the ownership of Townsquare Media. 730 AM is a Mexican and Canadian clear-channel frequency.
As WVIC, AM 730 was a Top 40 music station in Lansing for many years (see also: WMMQ, current sister station and former simulcast partner).
WVFN is an affiliate of the Detroit Tigers baseball and Grand Valley State Laker football radio networks.
WVFN began broadcasting as WVIC in 1965 with a Middle-of-the-Road (MOR) format, as sister station WVIC-FM programmed a Beautiful Music format. WVIC and WVIC-FM adopted a full-time Top 40 format in 1968, competing with cross-town rivals WJIM and WILS. WVIC and WVIC-FM would simulcast the Top 40 format full-time for most of the 1970s, eventually leading WVIC-FM to beat out its AM competitors with the advantage of a 24-hour FM stereo signal. WVIC, during this time, was licensed to operate from 6:00 am to local sunset, and aired a promotional announcement at nightly sign-off, encouraging listeners to tune to WVIC-FM. WVIC made a partial break in their simulcast with WVIC-FM in 1979, airing an Urban Contemporary format during the midday, while continuing to simulcast WVIC-FM for the remainder of the broadcast day.
WVIC and WVIC-FM were purchased by Goodrich Broadcasting in August 1981, and WVIC was reprogrammed with Al Hamm\'s Music of Your Life format, featuring Big Band music from the 1940s, along with vocal standards from the 1950s and 1960s. Along with the format change came a call-sign change to WVGO. Less than two years later in July 1983, the Music of Your Life format was abandoned, the WVIC call-sign was restored, and the station returned to a Top 40 simulcast with WVIC-FM as \"The New 73 AM\". The simulcast would continue until May 1992, when the current Sports Talk format was introduced under the call-sign WVFN.
Goodrich Broadcasting changed the call-sign of WVIC to WAAP for a brief period in 1989, apparently to prevent cross-town rival WLNZ (The Ape 92) from acquiring the same call-sign (WLNZ later changed its call-sign to WGOR). There were no programming changes made to WVIC during this period.
Between 1972 and 1976, the original use of the WVFN ("Voice of the Forty-Niners") call letters were assigned to a 10-watt AM carrier current campus radio station (710 kHz) at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte in Charlotte, NC
| 413 |
WVFN
| 0 |
11,095,739 |
# Richard Frethorne
**Richard Frethorne** was an indentured servant at Martin\'s Hundred, Virginia in 1622-1623. He is known as the author of letters detailing his miserable condition in Virginia.
## Life
Frethorne was from the parish of St. Dunstan-in-the-East in London, where his family received poor relief. In 1622 he was indentured by the parish and sent to Virginia as a servant, arriving in December on the ship *Abigail.* Textual analysis of his letters suggests he may have been around twelve years old at the time. Frethorne became one of the indentured servants of William Harwood, the "governor" or leader of Martin's Hundred. In March and April following his arrival, he wrote several letters to his family and associates back in England, listing the miseries of his life in Virginia and begging them to pay off his indenture or, failing that, to send some food which he could then sell. Richard Frethorne died sometime before February 16, 1624 (1623 Old Style), when his name (in this case spelled "Frethram") appears on a list of the dead at Martin's Hundred.
## Letters
On March 5, 1623 (1622 Old Style) Frethorne wrote to Mr. Bateman, one of the vestrymen of his home parish, asking for his help. He lists various hardships suffered in Virginia, including lack of sufficient food, lack of adequate clothing, and settlements ravaged by recent native attack. He asks Bateman to free him (by paying off the indenture) or to send food, and refers to the biblical story of Joseph and to the books of Jeremiah and Ecclesiasticus.
At the end of March and beginning of April Frethorne wrote to his parents in three installments dated March 20, April 2, and April 3. In these missives he goes into greater and more emotional detail about his lack of food and clothing and about illness in the colony and the threat of native attack. He describes others in his situation as expressing the opinion that being limbless beggars in England would be preferable to their current circumstances.
Frethorne\'s letter has been cited as evidence that the reports in England that Virginia was being run as a model of justice and equity were incorrect
| 363 |
Richard Frethorne
| 0 |
11,095,811 |
# 2006–07 Eccellenza
This is a list of division winners and playoff matches in the regionally organized **Eccellenza 2006--2007**.
## Division winners {#division_winners}
Region/Division Winners
---- ------------------------------ ------------------
1 Abruzzo Cologna Paese
2 Basilicata Horatiana Venosa
3 Calabria Rosarno
4 Campania -- A Caserta
5 Campania -- B Gelbison Cilento
6 Emilia-Romagna -- A Crociati Parma
7 Emilia-Romagna -- B Real Cesenatico
8 Friuli-Venezia Giulia Sarone
9 Lazio -- A Bassano Romano
10 Lazio -- B Lupa Frascati
11 Liguria Sestrese
12 Lombardy -- A Sestese
13 Lombardy -- B Caratese
14 Lombardy -- C Feralpi Lonato
15 Marche Recanatese
16 Molise Olympia Agnonese
17 Piedmont & Aosta Valley -- A Favria
18 Piedmont & Aosta Valley -- B Derthona
19 Apulia Fasano
20 Sardinia Tavolara
21 Sicily -- A Alcamo
22 Sicily -- B Acate-Modica
23 Tuscany -- A Gavorrano
24 Tuscany -- B Colligiana
25 Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol Alta Vallagarina
26 Umbria Pontevecchio
27 Veneto -- A Domegliara
28 Veneto -- B Sandonà
## Regional playoffs {#regional_playoffs}
### Rules
In the regional playoffs, each Regional Committee can decide its own rules to admit a single team to the national phase. In the 2006--07 season, Liguria, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, Veneto, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Emilia-Romagna and Lazio opted not to organize any regional playoff, preferring instead to admit the runner-up team directly to the national phase, whereas all other regional committees organized playoffs between teams from second to fifth place, with the exception of Piedmont, that organized a playoff between only three teams (from second to fourth place).
### Piedmont A {#piedmont_a}
*Playoff semifinals* `{{TwoLegStart}}`{=mediawiki} `{{TwoLegResult|Biella V.L. Cossatese||1–4|'''Settimo'''||0–2|1–2}}`{=mediawiki} \|} *Playoff finals* `{{TwoLegStart}}`{=mediawiki} `{{TwoLegResult|'''Rivoli Collegno'''||4–2|Settimo||1–1|3–1}}`{=mediawiki} \|} `{{col-2|width=34%}}`{=mediawiki}
*Teams admitted to playoffs*
------------------------------
Position
2nd
3rd
4th
### Piedmont B {#piedmont_b}
*Playoff semifinals* `{{TwoLegStart}}`{=mediawiki} `{{TwoLegResult|'''Acqui'''||([[#best|b]])3–3|Bra||2–3|1–0}}`{=mediawiki} \|} *Playoff finals* `{{TwoLegStart}}`{=mediawiki} `{{TwoLegResult|'''[[U.S. Novese|Novese]]'''||3–1|Acqui||1–1|2–0}}`{=mediawiki} \|} `{{col-2|width=34%}}`{=mediawiki}
*Teams admitted to playoffs*
------------------------------
Position
2nd
3rd
4th
### Lombardy A {#lombardy_a}
*Preliminary playoff* `{{OneLegStart}}`{=mediawiki} `{{OneLegResult|'''Corsico'''||2–0|Gallaratese|}}`{=mediawiki} \|} *Playoff semifinals* `{{OneLegStart}}`{=mediawiki} `{{OneLegResult|'''Corsico'''||3–1|Sancolombano|}}`{=mediawiki} `{{OneLegResult|'''Brembio'''||1–0|Saronno|}}`{=mediawiki} \|} *Playoff final* `{{OneLegStart}}`{=mediawiki} `{{OneLegResult|Brembio||1–2|'''Corsico'''|}}`{=mediawiki} \|} `{{col-2|width=34%}}`{=mediawiki}
*Teams admitted to playoffs*
------------------------------
Position
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
### Lombardy B {#lombardy_b}
*Playoff semifinals* `{{OneLegStart}}`{=mediawiki} `{{OneLegResult|Voluntas Osio di Sotto||1–2|'''Base 96'''|}}`{=mediawiki} `{{OneLegResult|Cinisellese||2–2([[#best|b]])|'''Cantù'''|}}`{=mediawiki} \|} *Playoff final* `{{OneLegStart}}`{=mediawiki} `{{OneLegResult|Cantù||1–2|'''Base 96'''|}}`{=mediawiki} \|} `{{col-2|width=34%}}`{=mediawiki}
*Teams admitted to playoffs*
------------------------------
Position
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
### Lombardy C {#lombardy_c}
*Playoff semifinals* `{{OneLegStart}}`{=mediawiki} `{{OneLegResult|'''Suzzara'''||2–0|Caravaggio|}}`{=mediawiki} `{{OneLegResult|'''Trevigliese'''||3–2|Chiari|}}`{=mediawiki} \|} *Playoff final* `{{OneLegStart}}`{=mediawiki} `{{OneLegResult|Suzzara||2–4|'''Trevigliese'''|}}`{=mediawiki} \|} `{{col-2|width=34%}}`{=mediawiki}
*Teams admitted to playoffs*
------------------------------
Position
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
### Tuscany A {#tuscany_a}
*Playoff semifinals* `{{TwoLegStart}}`{=mediawiki} `{{TwoLegResult|Larcianese||1–4|'''Lunigiana'''||0–2|1–2}}`{=mediawiki} `{{TwoLegResult|'''Calenzano'''||([[#best|b]])1–1|Castelfiorentino||1–1|0–0}}`{=mediawiki} \|} *Playoff final* `{{TwoLegStart}}`{=mediawiki} `{{TwoLegResult|Lunigiana||1–3|'''Calenzano'''||1–0|0–3}}`{=mediawiki} \|} `{{col-2|width=34%}}`{=mediawiki}
*Teams admitted to playoffs*
------------------------------
Position
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
### Tuscany B {#tuscany_b}
*Playoff semifinals* `{{TwoLegStart}}`{=mediawiki} `{{TwoLegResult|'''Scandicci'''||3–2|Castelnuovese||1–1|2–1}}`{=mediawiki} `{{TwoLegResult|'''Monteriggioni'''||([[#best|b]])2–2|M.M. Subbiano||1–1|1–1}}`{=mediawiki} \|} *Playoff final* `{{TwoLegStart}}`{=mediawiki} `{{TwoLegResult|'''Scandicci'''||3–0|Monteriggioni||0–0|3–0}}`{=mediawiki} \|} `{{col-2|width=34%}}`{=mediawiki}
*Teams admitted to playoffs*
------------------------------
Position
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
### Umbria
*Playoff semifinals* `{{TwoLegStart}}`{=mediawiki} `{{TwoLegResult|'''Torgiano'''||2–1|Bastia||0–0|2–1}}`{=mediawiki} `{{TwoLegResult|Deruta||0–1|'''Todi'''||0–0|0–1}}`{=mediawiki} \|} *Playoff final* `{{OneLegStart}}`{=mediawiki} `{{OneLegResult|'''Torgiano'''||2–0([[extra time|aet]])|Todi||}}`{=mediawiki} \|} `{{col-2|width=34%}}`{=mediawiki}
*Teams admitted to playoffs*
------------------------------
Position
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
### Marche
*Playoff semifinals* `{{TwoLegStart}}`{=mediawiki} `{{TwoLegResult|'''B.Fossombrone'''||2–1|Fermignanese||0–0|2–1}}`{=mediawiki} `{{TwoLegResult|'''Piano San Lazzaro'''||3–1|Monturanese||0–0|3–1}}`{=mediawiki} \|} *Playoff final* `{{OneLegStart}}`{=mediawiki} `{{OneLegResult|'''B.Fossombrone'''||1–0|Piano San Lazzaro||}}`{=mediawiki} \|} `{{col-2|width=34%}}`{=mediawiki}
*Teams admitted to playoffs*
------------------------------
Position
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
### Abruzzo
*Playoff semifinals* `{{TwoLegStart}}`{=mediawiki} `{{TwoLegResult|San Nicolò||0–1|'''Hatria'''||0–0|0–1}}`{=mediawiki} `{{TwoLegResult|Miglianico||2–5|'''Notaresco'''||1–3|1–2}}`{=mediawiki} \|} *Playoff final* `{{OneLegStart}}`{=mediawiki} `{{OneLegResult|Hatria||1–3|'''Notaresco'''||}}`{=mediawiki} \|} `{{col-2|width=34%}}`{=mediawiki}
*Teams admitted to playoffs*
------------------------------
Position
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
### Molise
*Playoff semifinals* `{{TwoLegStart}}`{=mediawiki} `{{TwoLegResult|Atletico Trivento||2–3|'''Termoli'''||1–2|1–1}}`{=mediawiki} `{{TwoLegResult|'''Guglionesi'''||2–1|Campobasso '19||1–1|1–0}}`{=mediawiki} \|} *Playoff final* `{{OneLegStart}}`{=mediawiki} `{{OneLegResult|'''Termoli'''||3–2|Guglionesi||}}`{=mediawiki} \|} `{{col-2|width=34%}}`{=mediawiki}
*Teams admitted to playoffs*
------------------------------
Position
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
### Campania A {#campania_a}
*Playoff semifinals* `{{OneLegStart}}`{=mediawiki} `{{OneLegResult|'''Pianura'''||([[#best|b]])1–1|[[Internapoli Camaldoli S.S.D.|Internapoli]]|}}`{=mediawiki} `{{OneLegResult|Gladiator||0–2|'''[[A.S.D. Quarto|Quarto]]'''||}}`{=mediawiki} \|} *Playoff final* `{{OneLegStart}}`{=mediawiki} `{{OneLegResult|Pianura||1–2|'''[[A.S.D. Quarto|Quarto]]'''||}}`{=mediawiki} \|} `{{col-2|width=34%}}`{=mediawiki}
*Teams admitted to playoffs*
------------------------------
Position
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
### Campania B {#campania_b}
*Playoff semifinals* `{{OneLegStart}}`{=mediawiki} `{{OneLegResult|'''[[S.S.C. Gragnano|Gragnano]]'''||([[#best|b]])0–0|Baronissi||}}`{=mediawiki} `{{OneLegResult|Alba Durazzano||0–1|'''[[A.S.D. Comprensorio Valsele Battipagliese|Battipagliese]]'''||}}`{=mediawiki} \|} *Playoff final* `{{OneLegStart}}`{=mediawiki} `{{OneLegResult|'''[[S.S.C. Gragnano|Gragnano]]'''||3–1|[[A.S.D. Comprensorio Valsele Battipagliese|Battipagliese]]||}}`{=mediawiki} \|} `{{col-2|width=34%}}`{=mediawiki}
*Teams admitted to playoffs*
------------------------------
Position
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
### Apulia
*Playoff semifinals* `{{TwoLegStart}}`{=mediawiki} `{{TwoLegResult|'''Noci'''||([[#best|b]])2–2|Lucera||1–1|1–1}}`{=mediawiki} `{{TwoLegResult|'''Audace Cerignola'''||([[#best|b]])3–3|Molfetta||1–2|2–1}}`{=mediawiki} \|} *Playoff final* `{{TwoLegStart}}`{=mediawiki} `{{TwoLegResult|Noci||1–3|'''Audace Cerignola'''||0–2|1–1}}`{=mediawiki} \|} `{{col-2|width=34%}}`{=mediawiki}
*Teams admitted to playoffs*
------------------------------
Position
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
### Basilicata
*Playoff semifinals* `{{TwoLegStart}}`{=mediawiki} `{{TwoLegResult|[[Pol. Atella Monticchio|Atella Monticchio]]||0–1|'''Vultur Rionero'''||0–1|0–0}}`{=mediawiki} `{{TwoLegResult|'''Avigliano'''||([[#best|b]])1–1|Ricigliano||1–0|0–1}}`{=mediawiki} \|} *Playoff final* `{{TwoLegStart}}`{=mediawiki} `{{TwoLegResult|Vultur Rionero||1–2|'''Avigliano'''|||}}`{=mediawiki} \|} `{{col-2|width=34%}}`{=mediawiki}
*Teams admitted to playoffs*
------------------------------
Position
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
### Calabria
*Playoff semifinals* `{{TwoLegStart}}`{=mediawiki} `{{TwoLegResult|'''Taurianovese'''||3–1|Hinterreggio||1–0|2–1}}`{=mediawiki} `{{TwoLegResult|Acri||1–3|'''Scalea'''||0–1|1–2}}`{=mediawiki} \|} *Playoff final* `{{TwoLegStart}}`{=mediawiki} `{{TwoLegResult|'''Taurianovese'''||3–0|Scalea||1–0|2–0}}`{=mediawiki} \|} `{{col-2|width=34%}}`{=mediawiki}
*Teams admitted to playoffs*
------------------------------
Position
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
### Sicily A {#sicily_a}
*Playoff semifinals* `{{OneLegStart}}`{=mediawiki} `{{OneLegResult|'''Carini'''||2–1|Nissa|}}`{=mediawiki} `{{OneLegResult|'''[[G.S. Mazara 1946|Mazara]]'''||([[#best|b]])0–0|Kamarat|}}`{=mediawiki} \|} *Playoff final* `{{OneLegStart}}`{=mediawiki} `{{OneLegResult|'''Carini'''||([[#best|b]])1–1|[[G.S. Mazara 1946|Mazara]]|}}`{=mediawiki} \|} `{{col-2|width=34%}}`{=mediawiki}
*Teams admitted to playoffs*
------------------------------
Position
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
### Sicily B {#sicily_b}
*Playoff semifinals* `{{OneLegStart}}`{=mediawiki} `{{OneLegResult|'''Villafranca Tirrena'''||([[#best|b]])1–1|Orlandina|}}`{=mediawiki} `{{OneLegResult|'''Palazzolo'''||([[#best|b]])1–1|Trecastagni|}}`{=mediawiki} \|} *Playoff final* `{{OneLegStart}}`{=mediawiki} `{{OneLegResult|Villafranca Tirrena||0–1|'''Palazzolo'''|}}`{=mediawiki} \|} `{{col-2|width=34%}}`{=mediawiki}
*Teams admitted to playoffs*
------------------------------
Position
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
| 755 |
2006–07 Eccellenza
| 0 |
11,095,811 |
# 2006–07 Eccellenza
## Regional playoffs {#regional_playoffs}
### Sardinia
*Playoff semifinals* `{{TwoLegStart}}`{=mediawiki} `{{TwoLegResult|'''Budoni'''||([[#best|b]])0–0|San Teodoro||0–0|0–0}}`{=mediawiki} `{{TwoLegResult|Castelsardo||2–4|'''Quartu 2000'''||2–3|0–1}}`{=mediawiki} \|} *Playoff final* `{{OneLegStart}}`{=mediawiki} `{{OneLegResult|'''Budoni'''||2–1|Quartu 2000||}}`{=mediawiki} \|} `{{col-2|width=34%}}`{=mediawiki}
*Teams admitted to playoffs*
------------------------------
Position
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
- *(b)* --- Team who best placed in the regular season qualifies for the next round.
## National playoffs {#national_playoffs}
### Rules {#rules_1}
The national playoffs involved a total of 28 teams, respectively the regional playoff winners or the second-placed teams in case regional playoffs were not organized by the correspondent committee. A total of two two-legged rounds are played in order to fill the remaining seven Serie D spots
| 104 |
2006–07 Eccellenza
| 1 |
11,095,813 |
# Naguru
**Naguru** is a village and panchayat in Garugubilli mandal in Parvathipuram Manyam district of Andhra Pradesh, India. Naguru is a small village with a population of around 5000. Most of the people are employed in cultivation and cattle. Naguru was an assembly constituency in Andhra Pradesh till restructuring in 2009. It is located on the highway connecting Parvathipuram - Srikakulam, just 17 km from Parvathipuram. One who wants to visit Naguru, has to reach Parvathipuram first via train and from there can get a bus to Naguru easily.
## Assembly constituency {#assembly_constituency}
**Naguru Assembly constituency** was a ST reserved constituency of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly, India. It is one of 9 constituencies in the Vizianagaram district
| 119 |
Naguru
| 0 |
11,095,814 |
# Prosthecate bacteria
**Prosthecate bacteria** are a non-phylogenetically related group of Gram-negative bacteria that possess appendages, termed **prosthecae**. These cellular appendages, also known as *stalks*, are neither pili nor flagella, as they are extensions of the cellular membrane and contain cytosol. One notable group of prosthecates is the genus *Caulobacter*.
## Function of prostheca {#function_of_prostheca}
Prosthecates are generally chemoorganotrophic aerobes that can grow in nutrient-poor habitats, being able to survive at nutrient levels on the order of parts-per-million for which reason they are often found in aquatic habitats. These bacteria will attach to surfaces with their prosthecae, allowing a greater surface area with which to take up nutrients (and release waste products). Some prosthecates will grow in nutrient-poor soils as aerobic heterotrophs
| 122 |
Prosthecate bacteria
| 0 |
11,095,850 |
# Kfar Darom bus attack
The **Kfar Darom bus attack** was a 1995 suicide attack on an Israeli bus carrying civilians and soldiers to Kfar Darom, an Israeli settlement in the Gaza Strip. The attack killed seven Israeli soldiers and one American civilian. The Shaqaqi faction of the Islamic Jihad claimed responsibility for the bombing. A United States Federal district judge ruled that the Iranian Government had provided financial aid to the group that carried out the attack and were therefore responsible for the murder of the U.S. citizen. The court ordered the Government of Iran to pay the victim\'s family \$247.5 million in damages.
## The attack {#the_attack}
On the morning of 9 April 1995, Khaled Mohammed Khatib, a construction worker from the Nuseirat refugee camp, waited on the main highway running from Ashkelon to the settlements in the Gaza Strip. At 11:45 am, he rammed Egged bus 36 carrying more than 60 Israeli soldiers and civilian passengers to the Jewish settlement of Kfar Darom. At the moment he rammed the bus, he flipped a trigger switch in the steering column, detonating a bomb in his car. Seven Israeli soldiers and one American civilian (named Alisa Flatow) were killed and 52 passengers were wounded. The family donated Alisa Flatow\'s organs.
## Subsequent attack {#subsequent_attack}
Two hours later, Imad Abu Amouna used a suicide car-bomb against an Israeli police-escorted convoy of cars driving towards the Netzarim settlement. Imad Abu Amouna was a Palestinian Islamic Jihad militant who had grown tired of waiting for his \"martyrdom operation\" and instead volunteered with Hamas. Nobody was killed, but thirty soldiers were wounded. The bomb used by Amouna was designed by Yahya Ayyash.
## Lawsuit
The family of the American citizen killed in the attack sued the government of Iran, and in 1998 a Federal district judge ordered the Iranian government to pay \$247.5 million in damages to the family
| 316 |
Kfar Darom bus attack
| 0 |
11,095,851 |
# Waubra Wind Farm
The **Waubra wind farm** is located on both sides of the Sunraysia Highway 35 km north-west of Ballarat in Victoria, Australia. Upon its completion in July 2009, it was the largest wind farm in Australia and was the largest wind farm by number of turbines and total capacity in the southern hemisphere.
Consisting of 128 wind turbines, with associated substations and an operations centre, each wind turbine has a capacity of 1.5 megawatts (MW). The total installed capacity is 192 MW. The turbines have a tip height of 119 metres, rotor diameter of 77 metres and a hub height of 80 metres. Annually the farm is projected to generate 630 GWh of energy over the life of the project, for an annual capacity factor of 37.5%.
The green energy generated by the wind farm each year provides electricity for 138,000 households enough to power a city 3-4 times the size of Ballarat.
Acciona Energy formed a Community Reference Group (CRG) for the construction phase of the Waubra wind farm, to provide a regular forum for community input to the project and to facilitate communication between members of the Waubra community and the wind farm project team. In 2010 the anti-wind farm lobby group the Waubra Foundation adopted the name of the nearby town.
The construction of the Waubra wind farm received financial assistance as part of the Victorian State government\'s Victorian Renewable Energy Target (VRET).
In July 2011 the Australian Broadcasting Corporation 4 Corners program explored health concerns connected with Australian wind farms in its [Against the Wind](https://www.abc.net.au/4corners/against-the-wind/2810478) report. The Waubra wind farm and the community living around it was featured in the report.
A viewing platform designed by Melbourne-based firm JOH Architects is accessible to tourists and located just off the Sunraysia Highway.
## Operations
The generation table uses [eljmkt nemlog](http://nemlog.com.au/) to obtain generation values for each month.
Year Total Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
------ --------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------
2011 621,970 47,516 40,760 55,943 39,394 46,579 63,673 69,138 37,653 61,698 52,945 44,851 61,820
2012 661,894 70,705 46,604 57,089 35,204 53,773 55,093 51,242 73,212 56,441 53,840 48,515 60,176
2013 654,980 61,640 47,343 49,522 38,999 53,182 43,750 53,669 70,964 55,347 67,563 63,095 49,906
2014 615,260 65,029 53,295 38,908 48,443 41,629 57,079 65,049 41,226 47,213 53,965 55,453 47,971
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
: Waubra Wind Farm Generation (MWh)
Note: Records date back to 2011
| 416 |
Waubra Wind Farm
| 0 |
11,095,858 |
# Sassoon Eskell
**Sir Sassoon Eskell** , KBE (*rtl=yes*; *rtl=yes*; 17 March 1860 -- 31 August 1932), also known as **Sassoon Effendi** was an Iraqi statesman, politician and financier. He is regarded in Iraq as the Father of Parliament. Eskell was the first Minister of Finance in the Kingdom and a permanent Member of Parliament until his death. Along with Gertrude Bell and T. E. Lawrence, he was instrumental in creating and establishing the Kingdom of Iraq post-Ottoman rule, and he founded the nascent Iraqi government\'s laws and financial structure.
Eskell was one of the most prominent Jews in Iraq. He was knighted by King George V in 1923. King Faisal I conferred on him the Civil Rafidain Medal Grade II, the Shahinshah awarded him the Shir-o-khorshi medal and the Ottoman Empire decorated him with the Al-Moutamayez Medal.
## Early life {#early_life}
Scion of an ancient, distinguished and aristocratic Jewish family of great affluence, the Shlomo-David\'s, Sassoon was born on 17 March 1860 in Baghdad, Iraq. He was a cousin of the celebrated English war poet and author Siegfried Sassoon, through their common ancestor, Heskel Elkebir (1740--1816). His father was Hakham Heskel, Shalma, Ezra, Shlomo-David, a student of Hakham Abdallah Somekh. In 1873 Heskel travelled to India to become the Chief Rabbi and Shohet of the thriving Baghdadi Jewish Community there. In 1885 he returned to Baghdad as the leading rabbinical authority and a great philanthropist. A wealthy man, in 1906 he built Slat Hakham Heskel, one of the most prominent synagogues in Baghdad. His father patriarch of the Eskell line of the Shlomo David dynasty Sassoon obtained his primary education at the Alliance Israélite Universelle in Baghdad. In 1877, at age 17, he travelled to Constantinople to continue his education, accompanied by his maternal uncle, the immensely wealthy magnate and land owner Menahem Saleh Daniel who was elected deputy for Baghdad to the first Ottoman Parliament in 1876 during the reign of Sultan Abdul Hamid II and later became Senator of the Kingdom of Iraq (1925--1932). Sassoon then went to London and Vienna at the Diplomatic Academy of Vienna to receive his higher education in economics and law. He was known to have been an outstanding student. He finally returned to Constantinople to obtain another law degree. He is also known as Sassoon Effendi (from Turkish Efendi, a title meaning Lord). (Arabic: ساسون حسقيل or ساسون حزقيال)
| 398 |
Sassoon Eskell
| 0 |
11,095,858 |
# Sassoon Eskell
## Formative career {#formative_career}
Following his education abroad and fluent in nine languages (English, Arabic, Turkish, Persian, Hebrew, French, German, Greek and Latin) Sassoon returned to Baghdad in 1881 where he was appointed Dragoman for the vilayet of Baghdad, in which post he remained until 1904. In 1885, he was also appointed Foreign Secretary to the Wali (Governor-General). On the announcement of the new Ottoman Constitution in 1908, he was elected deputy for Baghdad in the first Turkish Parliament, a position he occupied until the end of World War I, when Iraq was detached from the Ottoman Empire in 1918. In the Ottoman Parliament he worked as a member of various committees and organizations including the Committee of Union and Progress (the \"Young Turks\" party) and was Chairman of the Budget Committee. He was deputed to London and Paris on special missions, including as a member of an Ottoman delegation to London in 1909 as under-secretary of state for trade and agriculture. In 1913 he was appointed Advisor to the Ministry of Commerce and Agriculture.
Gertrude Margaret Lowthian Bell referred to him and his brother Shaoul in a letter to her father dated 14 June 1920, as follows:
> \"I\'m making great friends with two Jews, brothers---one rather famous, as a member of the Committee of Union and Progress and a deputy for Baghdad. His name is Sasun Eff. The other Sha\'al, (which is Saul) is the leading Jew merchant here. They have recently come back from C\'ple \[Istanbul (Constantinople)\]---they were at the first tea party I gave for you, here. I\'ve known Sha\'al\'s wife and family a long time---they are very interesting and able men. Sasun, with his reputation and his intelligence, ought to be a great help\".
Bell also wrote of Sassoon on 17 October 1920:
> \"That night Mr Philby dined with me and we had a long and profitable talk. He had been to tea with me also and I had Sasun Eff. to meet him which was most valuable, for Sasun is one of the sanest people here and he reviewed the whole position with his usual wisdom and moderation\".
## Creation of Post WWI Iraq {#creation_of_post_wwi_iraq}
In 1920, after the end of the First World War, Sassoon returned to Baghdad from Istanbul and was appointed Minister of Finance in the first Iraqi government, a new provisional government under the premiership of Abd Al-Rahman Al-Naqib. The importance of his role was what was to make or break the new constitution of Iraq. The details of this were highlighted by Gertrude Bell when she recounted the circumstances regarding the establishment of Iraq\'s new government.
To reach a final conclusion on the choice for ruler Winston Churchill, then British colonial secretary, summoned a small group of Orientalists to Egypt for the famous Cairo Conference of March 1921. The British Empire\'s best minds on the Middle East would determine the fate of Mesopotamia, Transjordan and Palestine. Churchill\'s objectives were to save money by reducing Britain\'s overseas military presence; find a way to maintain political control over Britain\'s mandate areas as identified in the Sykes-Picot Agreement; protect what was then suspected to be substantial oil reserves in Iraq; and lastly preserve an open trade route to India, the Crown Jewel of the empire. Representing the Iraqis, two members of the council were picked to join the delegation: Sassoon Eskell and Jafar Pasha al-Askari; with the disliked Syed Talib left behind. It was at this conference, with Sassoon\'s and Jafar Pasha\'s approval that Emir Faisal was chosen for the throne of Iraq.
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# Sassoon Eskell
## Ministerial office {#ministerial_office}
When Faisal I was enthroned as King of Iraq, a new ministry was formed on 1 September 1921 by Prime Minister Abd Al-Rahman Al-Naqib in which Sassoon was re-appointed Minister of Finance. He was re-appointed Minister of Finance again in five successive governments until 1925 of Abd Al-Rahman Al-Naqib, Abd Al-Muhsin Al-Sa'dun and Yasin Pasha Al-Hashimi.
Gertrude Bell described Sassoon\'s ministerial qualities in another letter dated 18 December 1920:
> \"The man I do love is Sasun Eff. and he is by far the ablest man in the Council. A little rigid, he takes the point of view of the constitutional lawyer and doesn\'t make quite enough allowance for the primitive conditions of the \'Iraq, but he is genuine and disinterested to the core. He has not only real ability but also wide experience and I feel touched and almost ashamed by the humility with which he seeks---and is guided by---my advice. It isn\'t my advice, really; I\'m only echoing what Sir Percy thinks. But what I rejoice in and feel confident of is the solid friendship and esteem which exists between us. And in varying degrees I have the same feeling with them all. That\'s something, isn\'t it? that\'s a basis for carrying out the duties of a mandatory?"
And again in correspondence dated 7 February 1921:
> \"I do love Sasun Eff; I think he is out and away the best man we\'ve got and I am proud and pleased that he should have made friends with me. He is an old Jew, enormously tall and very thin; he talks excellent English, reads all the English papers, and is entirely devoid of any self-interest. He has no wish to take any further part in public life but he says he is convinced that the future of his country---if it is to have a future---is bound up with the British mandate and as long as we say he can help us he is ready to put himself at our service. He made a very considerable name in the Turkish Chamber where he sat as a strong Committee man. Some day I mean to make him tell me all he really thought about the Committee. One can talk to him as man to man, and exchange genuine opinions\"
During his period as Minister of Finance, Sassoon founded all the financial and budgeting structures and laws for the Kingdom and looked whole-heartedly after the interests of the monarchy and the proper fulfilment of its laws. Rather famously, one of his most financially prolific deeds for the State was during negotiations with the British Petroleum Company in 1925. Eskell demanded that Iraq\'s oil revenue be remunerated in gold rather than sterling; at the time, this request seemed bizarre since sterling was backed by the gold standard. Nevertheless, his demand was reluctantly accepted. This concession later benefited Iraq\'s treasury during World War II, when the gold standard was abandoned and sterling plummeted. He thus secured countless additional millions of Iraqi dinars for the State.
In 1925 he was elected deputy for Baghdad in the first parliament of the Kingdom and was re-elected to all successive parliaments until his death. In the Iraqi parliament he was chairman of the financial committee and was regarded as the Father of Parliament, in light of his vast parliamentary knowledge, depth of experience and venerable age. His advice was taken on all parliamentary matters. He arbitrated and his views were accepted, whenever a conflict arose concerning the enforcement of internal regulations. He was considered to be a far-sighted statesman with a profoundly deep knowledge of Iraq and other countries. He was immensely well travelled and was well acquainted with most major European statesmen of the time.
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# Sassoon Eskell
## Death
Eskell died in Paris, France, on 31 August 1932 while undergoing medical treatment. He was buried at the Père-Lachaise cemetery on Boulevard de Ménilmontant in Paris. On 7 September 1932, a commemorative service was held in Baghdad in his memory. Prime Minister Yasin Pasha Al-Hashimi published a eulogy in an Arabic daily newspaper in which he praised the late Eskell\'s character, culture, his outstanding personality, his vast knowledge, sense of duty and the proper fulfilment of that duty no matter how great the sacrifice was in time or in life. He said that the stupendous efforts which had been exerted by the deceased in regulating and establishing on a solid footing, the affairs of the Kingdom of Iraq during the mandatory regime, will be remembered by future generations.
All leading Arabic daily newspapers similarly eulogised the late Sassoon\'s character and achievements, saying that the services which had been rendered by the deceased for the welfare of his country will immortalise his great name, adding that his death was an irreparable loss to the nation
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# Tommy McQuater
**Thomas Mossie McQuater** (4 September 1914 -- 20 January 2008) was a Scottish jazz trumpeter.
## Biography
Born in Maybole, Ayrshire, McQuater was most notable for his work in the United Kingdom with Bert Ambrose in the 1930s, and also for some recordings made with George Chisholm and Benny Carter. McQuater showed musical talent from an early age. Largely self-taught, he began on the cornet and by the age of 11 was a regular member of the Maybole Burgh Band -- a brass band that won several competitions in the late 1920s -- and played at local events and dances.
McQuater turned professional in his teens and got a regular position with Louis Freeman\'s Band, which played at Greens Playhouse in Glasgow.
In 1934, aged 20, McQuater was offered a job with one of London\'s most renowned bands: the Jack Payne Orchestra, which played in London and Paris. The following year he joined Lew Stone\'s band and made the classic recording of \"Pardon Me, Pretty Baby\". In the 1940s, McQuater joined The Squadronaires.
Leaving the Squadronaires at the end of the 1940, McQuater joined the Skyrockets at the London Palladium for over a year. From 1952 he joined the BBC Show band and started to broadcast regularly with Kenny Baker\'s Dozen. He freelanced widely in the 1960s, with sessions for radio, television and films and appeared regularly with Jack Parnell\'s ATV Orchestra.
He can be heard in the signature music for Steptoe and Son, on backing tracks for Thunderbirds and on many of hit records. His TV work included his playing the featured trumpet parts in The Muppet Show, throughout its 1976 - 1981 run.
McQuater often performed with John McLevy in the 1970s and 1980s. In his later years, he concentrated his energy and playing around the Ealing Jazz Festival.
## Death
He died in London, aged 93, and was survived by his two sons
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# Polygonatum × hybridum
***Polygonatum* × *hybridum***, the **garden Solomon\'s-seal**, is a hybrid flowering plant, which is a cross between common Solomon\'s-seal (*Polygonatum multiflorum*) and angular Solomon\'s-seal (*Polygonatum odoratum*).
The plant tends to be more vigorous than either of its parent species.
## Description
Like other members of the genus, *Polygonatum* × *hybridum* grows from rhizomes. The stems reach a height of about 1 m, and carry pointed leaves arranged alternately. They arch over at the top so that the flowers, produced in Spring in small clusters at the junction between a leaf and the stem, hang downwards. Individual flowers are white with green tips and are slightly scented.
## Cultivation
*Polygonatum* × *hybridum* is suitable for sunny or partially shaded positions and is described as easy to grow. It is fully hardy, down to at least -20 C. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society\'s Award of Garden Merit. In gardens it is susceptible to attack by the larvae of Solomon\'s seal sawfly (*Phymatocera aterrima*), which feed on the underside of the leaves, rapidly reducing them to a skeletonised appearance.
Numerous cultivars are known:
- \'Striatum\' has leaves which are striped and edged with cream to white markings. It is somewhat shorter at 60 cm than the normal form.
- \'Betberg\' (named after the village of Betberg in Germany near to where it was found) has leaves which are initially dark brown, fading when flowering begins. It is taller than the normal form, reaching 1.2 m
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# James Webster (musicologist)
**James Webster** is a musicologist, specializing in the music of Joseph Haydn and other composers of the classical era. His professional position is as the Goldwin Smith Professor of Music at Cornell University.
## Research and writing {#research_and_writing}
He has published several books in his field, including a massive study of Haydn\'s \"Farewell\" Symphony and (with Georg Feder) the Haydn article in the current edition of the New Grove, spun off as a separate book.
His website lists the following areas of specialization (links to articles in this encyclopedia are added):
- History and theory of music of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, with a particular focus on Haydn
- Mozart (especially his operas), Beethoven, Schubert, and Brahms
- Performance practice
- Editorial practice
- Historiography of music
- Issues of musical form (including analytical methodology)
- Schenkerian analysis
Webster\'s work is notable for his willingness to sift through and assess conflicting sources of historical evidence. His biography of Haydn particularly reflects this tendency, and unlike several earlier Haydn biographers, he is generally unwilling to fill in the narrative with conjecture, particularly conjecture about how Haydn must have felt or what he must have done on some particular occasion.
Webster is highly devoted to the earlier works of Haydn, and has consistently asserted his opposition to the views of Charles Rosen and others who assert a course of \"progress\" and learning through the composer\'s career. He has expressed strong views on the quality of current urtext editions and their appropriateness for use in performance; for quotations and discussion see Urtext edition.
## Books authored and edited {#books_authored_and_edited}
- Webster, James; Caplin, William; and Hepokoski, James (2009) *Musical Form, Forms, and Formenlehre: Three Methodological Reflections.* *Ed. Berge, Pieter. Leuven: Leuven University Press.*
- Webster, James and Georg Feder (2002) *The New Grove Haydn*. London: Macmillan; New York: Palgrave, 2002.
- *Opera Buffa in Mozart\'s Vienna*. Ed. Mary Hunter and James Webster. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1997.
- Webster, James (1991) *Haydn\'s \"Farewell\" Symphony and the Idea of Classical Style: Through-Composition and Cyclic Integration in His Instrumental Music*. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
- *Haydn Studies: Proceedings of the International Haydn Conference, Washington, D.C., 1975*. Ed. Jens Peter Larsen, Howard Serwer, and James Webster. New York: Norton, 1981. \[includes seven articles by James Webster\]
## Honors
Webster is the dedicatee of a festschrift volume published 2014 by Cambridge University Press, with contributions by colleagues including Elaine Sisman, Neal Zaslaw, and Lewis Lockwood; see References below
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# Alfred Sormann
**Alfred Richard Gotthilf Sormann** (May 16, 1861 -- September 17, 1913) was a German pianist and composer.
Sorman was born on May 16, 1861 in Danzig, Kingdom of Prussia. He studied at the Hochschule in Berlin under Ernst Rudorff, Karl Heinrich Barth, Philipp Spitta, and Woldemar Bargiel; in 1885 he was a pupil of Franz Liszt. His debut performance was in 1886, and he gave successful concerts in chief German towns. In 1889 he became court pianist to Friedrich Wilhelm, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. He died in Berlin.
Among his works are the operas *Die Sibylle von Tivoli* (Berlin, 1902) with the libretto by Adelaide Rosa Schultze Henke (née Zingler, the mother of Harald Schultz-Hencke) and *König Harald* (Stettin, 1909); a piano concerto in E minor (opus 7); two string quartets; a piano trio; concert études; and other piano pieces
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# Oratory of San Giacomo della Marina
The **Oratorio di San Giacomo della Marina** (translated as **Oratory of St. James of the Marina**) is a small chapel or prayer-house at the dockside in Genoa, northern Italy.
Erected in 1453, the oratory was rebuilt and decorated in the 17th century. Twelve large canvasses illustrating the saint and patron of the battle against the Moors, Saint James, were completed by major Genoese Baroque artists including:
- Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione (il Grechetto) - *St. James defeats the Moors*
- Giovanni Battista Carlone - *St. James Opens the Gates of Coimbra to King Ferdinand* and *Martyrdom of St. James*
- Valerio Castello - *Saint Peter Baptizes St. James*
- Giovanni Domenico Cappellino - *St. James Preaching*
- Domenico Piola *Martyrdom of the Saint*
- Giovanni Lorenzo Bertolotto - *The Invention of the Spoglia*
- Aurelio Lomi - *Sons of Zebedee with Jesus*
The exterior of the oratory is unadorned. The confraternity was active in religious processions during past centuries
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# James Webster (Australian politician)
**James Joseph Webster** (14 June 1925 -- 3 April 2022) was an Australian politician. He was a Senator for Victoria from 1964 to 1980, representing the National Country Party (NCP). He served as Minister for Science (1975--1978) and Science and the Environment (1978--1979) in the Fraser government. He left politics to become High Commissioner to New Zealand, serving from 1980 to 1983.
## Early life {#early_life}
Webster was born on 14 June 1925 on Flinders Island, Tasmania. He was the youngest of three sons born to Eileen (née Thorne) and Leslie Webster. His father was the chairman of the Flinders Island Butter Factory and served as president of the Flinders Island Municipal Council.
In 1929, Webster and his family moved to his father\'s home state of Victoria. His father ran a timber and hardware business in Melbourne before settling the family on a farm in Greenval in 1932. Webster was educated at state schools before completing his education at Caulfield Grammar School. During World War II he managed the family farm in the absence of his older brothers, and also joined the Air Training Corps. His father served in state parliament from 1944 to 1947 as a member of the Country Party.
Webster took business classes at the YMCA before studying accounting at Melbourne Technical College. He worked for periods as a clerk at a timber company, as chief clerk at a sawmill in Orbost, and as a tallyman on the Melbourne wharves. He was active in the labour movement as a delegate to the Australian Timber Workers\' Union and as a member of the Waterside Workers\' Federation. In 1948, he joined J. J. Webster Pty Ltd, the Elsternwick timber, hardware, and plumbing retailer that had been founded by his grandfather in 1884. In 1954, he became a director of Lords Holdings Limited, a building supply wholesaler.
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# James Webster (Australian politician)
## Politics
Webster joined the Young Country Party in 1940. He was a member of the party\'s Federal Council (1960--1964) and served as state president of the Victorian Country Party (1963--1964). At the 1955 state election he stood unsuccessfully in the seat of Broadmeadows.
Webster was appointed to the Senate in December 1964, filling a casual vacancy caused by the death of Harrie Wade. He was re-elected in 1966, 1967, 1974, and 1975. Webster was an \"active backbencher\" and served on a variety of Senate committees. His views were \"in many respects, those of a rural socialist\", and he supported government subsidies and tax incentives for rural industries. He was also in favour of public funding of the Australian film industry, supporting the establishment of the Australian Film Development Corporation, the Australian Film and Television School, and the Australian Film Commission.
In December 1975, Webster was appointed Minister for Science in the Fraser government. He was also given the environment portfolio in 1978, becoming Minister for Science and the Environment.
In 1979, Webster announced that responsibility for whaling would be moved from the Department of Primary Industry to his own department. He subsequently said that the government would seek to end illegal \"pirate\" whaling and was \"firmly committed to a policy of vigorous and active protection of whales\". During his tenure Australia and Seychelles successfully lobbied the International Whaling Commission (IWC) to introduce the Indian Ocean Whale Sanctuary.
In 1975, his constitutional eligibility to sit in the Senate was questioned, prompting the Parliament to introduce the *Common Informers (Parliamentary Disqualifications) Act 1975*, although ultimately the High Court found that he was not ineligible and he continued to serve until his retirement in 1980.
## Later life {#later_life}
In December 1979, it was announced that Webster would retire from politics in order to be appointed High Commissioner to New Zealand. He formally resigned from the Senate in January 1980, and was succeeded by Laurence Neal. Webster served as High Commissioner during the negotiations leading up to the Closer Economic Relations agreement. According to John Menadue, he opposed the Fraser government\'s 1981 changes to the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement, which required New Zealanders to carry passports when entering Australia. His term as High Commissioner ended in October 1983. He subsequently resumed farming in Victoria.
## Personal life and death {#personal_life_and_death}
Webster married Jean Drake in 1957, with whom he had four sons. They were divorced in 1989 and in 1993 he married Jeanette Hillis.
Webster became an elder in the Presbyterian Church of Victoria at the age of 21. He served on the board of the Victorian School for Deaf Children from 1954 to 1974.
Webster died in Brighton, Victoria on 3 April 2022, at the age of 96. His funeral was held at St Leonards Uniting Church on 21 April
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# 2008 Sugar Bowl
The **2008 Allstate Sugar Bowl** was an American college football bowl game. It was part of the Bowl Championship Series (BCS) for the 2007 NCAA Division I FBS football season, and was the 74th Sugar Bowl. It was played on January 1, 2008, in the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans.
Because the SEC champion (LSU) was slated to participate in the BCS National Championship Game, the number-five Georgia Bulldogs were selected to host the number-ten, WAC champion Hawaii Warriors, the last undefeated major college football team going into the bowl season.
The Warriors were the third team not in any of the six BCS conferences (not counting major independent Notre Dame) to play in a BCS game. Boise State qualified for the 2007 Fiesta Bowl, and Utah made the same game two years earlier. Both teams won their respective games.
Georgia earned a 41--10 win. It was already a one-sided affair at halftime with a 24--3 score and it was 41--3 at one point early in the fourth quarter. The closest Hawaii got was 7--3 after a Dan Kelly field goal.
## Scoring summary {#scoring_summary}
### Pre-game {#pre_game}
- Hawaii wins the toss, selects to receive.
### First Quarter {#first_quarter}
- **UGA** Touchdown, by Knowshon Moreno, rush for 17 yards. Brandon Coutu makes PAT. (9:49) **7-0 UGA**
- **UH** Field goal, by Dan Kelly, 42 yards. (4:26) **7-3 UGA**
- **UGA** Touchdown, by Moreno, rush for 11 yards. Coutu makes PAT. (1:02) **14-3 UGA**
### Second Quarter {#second_quarter}
- **UGA** Field goal, by Coutu, 52 yards. (9:36) **17-3 UGA**
- **UGA** Touchdown, 11-yard pass from Matthew Stafford to Sean Bailey, Coutu makes PAT. (8:05) **24-3 UGA**
### Third Quarter {#third_quarter}
- **UGA** Fumble recovery, touchdown by Marcus Howard. Coutu makes PAT. (8:57) **31-3 UGA**
- **UGA** Touchdown, by Thomas Brown, 1-yard rush. Coutu makes PAT. (1:40) **38-3 UGA**
### Fourth Quarter {#fourth_quarter}
- **UGA** Field goal, by Coutu, 45 yards. (14:37) **41-3 UGA**
- **UH** Touchdown, pass from Tyler Graunke to Ryan Grice-Mullen, 16 yards. PAT made by Dan Kelly. (10:38) **41-10 UGA**
## Aftermath
With Hawaii\'s defeat, the 2007-08 college football season ended with no undefeated teams, something that had not happened since the 2003-04 season. This is also the second time in the BCS era that this has occurred.
Georgia DE Marcus Howard was named the MVP of the Sugar Bowl Game, the first time in its history that a purely defensive player has received the honor.
With the win, Georgia Head Coach Mark Richt became the first head coach in Georgia history to win more than one Sugar Bowl (his previous victory was over Florida State University following the 2002 season). Vince Dooley and Wally Butts won one Sugar Bowl each, with Dooley\'s only win securing the 1980 National Championship. Dooley lost four other Sugar Bowl games.
On January 8, Hawaii Head Coach June Jones left Hawaii to become the head coach at Southern Methodist University. He signed a five-year contract
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# Dan Andrei Aldea
**Dan Andrei Aldea** (9 March 1950 -- 18 January 2020) was a Romanian multi-instrumentalist (guitars, violin, and keyboards, mainly) and vocalist, best known for his work with the band Sfinx, but also for his solo career.
Aldea was born in Bucharest, where he graduated from the Music Academy, and was known as one of the best electric guitar players from Romania. Aldea has lived in Germany since 1981, after defecting. Just before defecting, he had played for several months in a night club in Belgium with his band Sfinx.
He lived in Munich Germany and worked as studio and session musician for several music labels. Also he had several music projects and was playing among other things from 2001 until 2004 with Franz Trojan co - founder of the music group „spider murphy gang"and „Stefan Späth" in the Band „thezeitgeist."
Along with Dorin Liviu Zaharia, he composed the music for the movie *Nunta de piatră* (\"The Stone Wedding\"). He died in Fântâna Doamnei, aged 69
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# Anniversary of National Service 1951–1972 Medal
The **Anniversary of National Service 1951--1972 Medal** is a commemorative medal awarded to Australians for their service in post-war national service schemes.
There is no post-nominal for this medal.
## Description
- The Anniversary of National Service 1951--1972 Medal is a circular bronze medal ensigned with the Crown of St Edward. The obverse depicts an Australian Defence Force emblem with the crossed swords of the Army taking precedence, being the arm predominantly affected by national service. The Federation Star surmounts the emblem. The words \'Anniversary of National Service\' are on the perimeter of the medal and the years 1951--1972 are on the central bottom edge.
- The reverse shows the Southern Cross overlaid on spreading rays and surrounded by a cog, a traditional symbol for the spirit of co-operation between the Australian Defence Force and the community.
- The ribbon has a central yellow stripe, flanked by two dark blue stripes, which are in turn flanked by white, green and light blue stripes and ochre edges. The central yellow and dark blue stripes represent Australia\'s national colours of the time, the white, green and light blue represent the Navy, Army and Air Force and the outer ochre stripes represent the soil of Australia
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# Polk Audio
**Polk Audio, Inc.** is an American manufacturer of audio products best known for its home and automobile speakers. The company also produces a wide range of other audio products, such as amplifiers and FM tuners. The company\'s headquarters is in San Diego, California. In 2006, it was bought by Directed Electronics. Polk Audio has also introduced smart speakers for Google Assistant and Amazon Alexa.
## Background
Polk Audio was founded by Matthew Polk, George Klopfer and Sandy Gross in 1972. The three first met one another while attending classes at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore. After graduating in 1971, the team collaborated on producing a sound system for a local bluegrass music convention. Polk designed the speaker system, and Klopfer built the cabinets. After it was discovered the producers of the convention could not afford the system, Klopfer designed a logo for Polk Audio and attached it to the speakers. Gross organized the marketing of Polk Audio and helped build Polk\'s worldwide dealer network.
After spending a short period of time dabbling in professional audio, Polk Audio turned its attention to affordable high-performance home audio. With the release of the first successful model in 1974, the Monitor 7, Polk Audio was gaining recognition in audiophile circles. Polk Audio used a two-way configuration on almost all its speakers, such as the popular Monitor 10 and Monitor 12, typically with 6.5-inch mid/bass drivers with rubber surrounds and passive radiators. The Monitor 12 was quite capable for its day, having bass response to 18 Hz, a free-air mounted tweeter, and 500-watt RMS power handling. Later Polk speaker models used arrays of drivers---Stereo Dimensional Array (SDA)---to cancel the crosstalk from the left speaker to the right ear and from the right speaker to the left ear, so as to expand the stereo image beyond the space between two stereo speakers. The SDA effect is used in some current Polk speakers. The company also makes automobile speakers.
In early 2015, most or all of Polk\'s non-technical jobs were moved from the Baltimore office to the headquarters of the parent company, Sound United, in Carlsbad, California. At that time, Polk\'s engineers joined with those of Definitive Technology, and the Audio and Acoustics Research and Development \[ARAD\] center was established in Owings Mills. ARAD remains the center for most loudspeaker development by Sound United, which also owns the brands Bowers & Wilkins, Classé, Definitive Technology, Denon, and Marantz
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# 1980–81 Honduran Liga Nacional
The **1980--81 Honduran Liga Nacional** season was the 15th edition of the Honduran Liga Nacional. The format of the tournament remained the same as the previous season. Real C.D. España won the title after defeating C.D. Marathón in a 3-series final. Both teams qualified to the 1981 CONCACAF Champions\' Cup. Additionally, Real España, Marathón, Club Deportivo Olimpia and C.D.S. Vida obtained berths to the 1981 Copa Fraternidad. Due to the national team\'s participation at the 1982 FIFA World Cup qualifiers, the league defined that no relegation was to take place this season. C.D. Platense which finished last, was financially penalized though.
## 1980--81 teams
- Atlético Morazán (Tegucigalpa, *promoted*)
- Broncos (Choluteca)
- Marathón (San Pedro Sula)
- Motagua (Tegucigalpa)
- Olimpia (Tegucigalpa)
- Platense (Puerto Cortés)
- Real España (San Pedro Sula)
- Universidad (Tegucigalpa)
- Victoria (La Ceiba)
- Vida (La Ceiba)
## Regular season {#regular_season}
### Standings
{{#invoke:sports table\|main\|style=WDL \|res_col_header=QR \|winpoints=2
\|team1=RES\|name_RES=Real España \|team2=VID\|name_VID=Vida \|team3=MAR\|name_MAR=Marathón \|team4=OLI\|name_OLI=Olimpia \|team5=VIC\|name_VIC=Victoria \|team6=MOT\|name_MOT=Motagua \|team7=BUN\|name_BUN=Universidad \|team8=BRO\|name_BRO=Broncos \|team9=AMO\|name_AMO=Atlético Morazán \|team10=PLA\|name_PLA=Platense \|win_RES=14\|draw_RES=6\|loss_RES=7\|gf_RES=35\|ga_RES=26 \|win_VID=12\|draw_VID=7\|loss_VID=8\|gf_VID=33\|ga_VID=30 \|win_MAR=8\|draw_MAR=13\|loss_MAR=6\|gf_MAR=39\|ga_MAR=32 \|win_OLI=10\|draw_OLI=9\|loss_OLI=8\|gf_OLI=31\|ga_OLI=32 \|win_VIC=10\|draw_VIC=8\|loss_VIC=9\|gf_VIC=27\|ga_VIC=33 \|win_MOT=6\|draw_MOT=15\|loss_MOT=6\|gf_MOT=32\|ga_MOT=30 \|win_BUN=10\|draw_BUN=3\|loss_BUN=14\|gf_BUN=33\|ga_BUN=35 \|win_BRO=6\|draw_BRO=11\|loss_BRO=10\|gf_BRO=28\|ga_BRO=30 \|win_AMO=7\|draw_AMO=9\|loss_AMO=11\|gf_AMO=28\|ga_AMO=32 \|win_PLA=7\|draw_PLA=9\|loss_PLA=11\|gf_PLA=22\|ga_PLA=27 \|note_RES=Real España clinched Final spot as regular season winner. \|col_QF=#D0F0C0\|text_QF=Qualified to the Final round \|result1=QF\|result2=QF\|result3=QF\|result4=QF\|result5=QF \|note_res_QF=Top five qualify to Final round. \|update=complete\|source= }}
- *No relegation this season.*
## Final round {#final_round}
### Pentagonal standings {#pentagonal_standings}
{{#invoke:sports table\|main\|style=WDL \|res_col_header=QR \|winpoints=2
\|team1=MAR\|name_MAR=Marathón \|team2=OLI\|name_OLI=Olimpia \|team3=RES\|name_RES=Real España \|team4=VID\|name_VID=Vida \|team5=VIC\|name_VIC=Victoria \|win_MAR=4\|draw_MAR=3\|loss_MAR=1\|gf_MAR=13\|ga_MAR=6 \|win_OLI=4\|draw_OLI=3\|loss_OLI=1\|gf_OLI=12\|ga_OLI=4 \|win_RES=5\|draw_RES=1\|loss_RES=2\|gf_RES=12\|ga_RES=9 \|win_VID=1\|draw_VID=3\|loss_VID=4\|gf_VID=4\|ga_VID=11 \|win_VIC=0\|draw_VIC=2\|loss_VIC=6\|gf_VIC=3\|ga_VIC=14 \|col_ER=#D0F0C0\|text_ER=Forced to play extra round \|result1=ER\|result2=ER\|result3=ER \|note_res_ER=After a three-way tie between Marathón, Olimpia, and Real España with 11 points; an extra one-robin round was required, however all games finished leveled and the tie persisted, therefore Marathón qualified to the Final by goal difference on all rounds together. \|update=complete\|source= }}
### Final
## Top scorer {#top_scorer}
- Luis O
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# Mansour Zalzal
**Manṣūr Zalzal al-Ḍārib** (منصور زلزل; died after 842 CE) or simply **Zalzal**, was an Iranian musician during the early Abbasid period. The renowned musician Ishaq al-Mawsili was his student; he declared Zalzal to be the most outstanding lutenist of his time.
He contributed musical scales that were later named after him : the Mansouri scale, Arabic, المقياس المنصوري.
He introduced positions (intervals) within scales on the fretboard of an oud (neutral 3rd frets, between major 3rd frets and minor third frets), called *wusta-zalzal*.
Mansour is credited by the Encyclopedia of Islam with making improvements on the design of the barbat lute, which was then called the ūd shabbūt
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# Darpan Chhaya
**Darpan Chhaya** (*The Illusory Mirror*) is a 2001 Nepalese romantic drama film, written and directed by Tulsi Ghimire. The film is produced by Shrawan Ghimire under the banner of Siddhanta Films. The film features an ensemble cast including Dilip Rayamajhi, Uttam Pradhan, and Niruta Singh in the lead roles, alongside Laxmi Giri, Tika Pahari, and Jeetu Nepal. The film\'s plot concerns a love triangle between two best friends where one of them is blind, fall in love with the same girl and the whole film follows their journey of friendship, love and sacrifice.
The film received extremely positive reviews and response from critics and audience especially for its music, screenplay and performances of the three main leads, The film was a historic success, broke all previous records at the box office and went on to become the highest-grossing Nepali film of all time, breaking the 16-year-old record of Kusume Rumal until its record was broken by Hami Tin Bhai in 2004. The film is considered a cult classic and one of the greatest movies ever made in Nepali Cinema. The film songs, especially the song \"Lahana Le Jurayo Ki\", are still a top choice of Nepalese functions and celebrations.
## Plot
The film revolves around best friends and college students, Abhi and Raj. Abhi is blind and Raj takes care of him. Abhi strikes up a friendship with newcomer Smriti but Raj and Smriti get off to a poor start. At a college picnic, the girls play a prank on the boys and hide their clothes. Things go wrong when the boys develop allergies after using leaves to cover themselves. The college principal scolds Smriti for harming their star basketball player, Raj. Smriti apologizes to him and soon Raj and Smriti also become friends.
Gradually, both Abhi and Raj start falling for Smriti. Abhi proposes to Smriti who leaves his house in shock and tells him that she loves Raj. When Raj proposes to her soon after, she tells him that she actually loves Abhi. At a dinner where the three friends are together, Abhi discloses that he lost his vision in an accident that Raj was responsible for, leading to a rift between the friends. Meanwhile, Abhi\'s mother discovers what Smriti told both of them and helps Raj and Abhi patch things up. When they reach college to confront Smriti, they come to know that she is in the hospital fighting for her life. They rush to the hospital where her father hands them a letter in which Smriti tells them that she got the news that she has last stage cancer the day before Abhi proposed to her and she did not want to break his heart. She requests for her eyes to be donated to Abhi and for Raj to always be strong and take care of his friend. Smriti passes away. As Raj pleads with her to open her eyes, the scene cuts to Abhi and Raj who are doing a book reading of their story called *Darpan Chaya*.
## Cast
- Dilip Rayamajhi as Raj
- Niruta Singh as Smriti
- Uttam Pradhan as Abhishek
- Tulsi Ghimire as Smriti\'s father
- Laxmi Giri as Abhishek\'s mother
- Tika Pahari as Raj\'s father
- Jitu Nepal as College friend
## Soundtrack
All music was composed by Ranjit Gazmer.
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# Darpan Chhaya
## About the movie {#about_the_movie}
*Darpan Chaya* grossed roughly NRS 1.75 crore+ at the box office, surpassing Tulsi Ghimire\'s own 1987 classic *Kusume Rumal* to become the highest grossing Nepali movie of all time. If adjusted for inflation its collection crosses रु 30cr mark making it the biggest grosser ever in Nepal (among all National And International film releases in the country).
The soundtrack of the film, with music composed by Ranjit Gazmer, became hugely popular. The song \"Lahanale jurayo ki\" by Sadhana Sargam was very popular, as well as the dance of Niruta Singh.
## Sequel
After 15 years of *Darpan Chaya*, Tulsi Ghimire announced a sequel *Darpan Chhaya 2* which was released in 2017. New actors like Pushpal Khadka and Sahara Karki were cast. The film was directed and written by Tulsi Ghimire and released on March 10, 2017. The film received largely negative reviews and was Box Office Disaster
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# Corymbophanes
***Corymbophanes*** is a genus of armored catfish native to South America where they are only known from Guyana. *Corymbophanes* was originally placed in its own tribe **Corymbophanini**, but the first comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily Hypostominae found *Corymbophanes* to be nested within the tribe Ancistrini.
## Taxonomy
*Corymbophanes* and its type species, *C. andersoni*, were first described in 1909 by Carl H. Eigenmann. In 2000, they were redescribed along with the description of a new species, *C. kaiei*. In 2004, the tribe Corymbophanini was erected.
*Corymbophanes* represents an old lineage as it lacks many of the characteristics of the rest of the subfamily Hypostominae. This group probably has a basal position within the subfamily.
## Species
There were previously two recognized species in this genus. A third species was described in a 2020 study.
- *Corymbophanes ameliae* Lujan, Armbruster, Werneke, Teixeira & Lovejoy, 2020
- *Corymbophanes andersoni* C. H. Eigenmann, 1909
- *Corymbophanes kaiei* Armbruster & Sabaj Pérez, 2000
## Distribution and habitat {#distribution_and_habitat}
*Corymbophanes* species originate from the upper Potaro River of the Essequibo River drainage system. *C. andersoni* is only known from the Chenapou Falls of this river. *C. kaiei* is only known from the Oung Creek, a small tributary of the Potaro River drainage. Neither of these species are found downstream of the Kaieteur Falls. *Corymbophanes* species live in swift riffles over gravel and cobble and among submerged logs.
## Appearance and anatomy {#appearance_and_anatomy}
Like other Loricariids, *Corymbophanes* species have plates of armor on their body and a suckermouth. Small odontodes are also present along their body. This genus can be distinguished from all other Loricariids by the presences of a dorsal ridge formed by plates between the dorsal fin and the caudal fin, the absence of the adipose fin, as well as the absence of the omega iris that most loricariids possess. *Corymbophanes* species do not have evertible cheek plates and do not hypertrophied cheek odontodes which are present in many other loricariid species, which differentiates it from the few species that possess the aforementioned ridge.
Species of this genus do not get very large; *C. andersoni* does not exceed 8.6 centimetres (3.4 in) and *C. kaiei* does not exceed 6.6 cm. These fish are dark brown to black with white or cream-colored markings. *C. kaiei* has alternating light and dark bands on its caudal fin; also, this species has a dark-colored abdomen with light vermiculations in adults. By contrast, *C. andersoni* has no bands on the caudal fin, has no vermiculations, and the abdomen is light-colored
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# Benji, Zax & the Alien Prince
***Benji, Zax & the Alien Prince*** is a live-action children\'s science fiction television series created by Joe Camp, the creator of the *Benji* film series. The series was produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions and Mulberry Square Productions, and it aired Saturday mornings on CBS in 1983 with repeats airing in the United States and internationally for a number of years through the 1980s. In the show, the dog Benji helps an alien prince and his droid evade various henchmen sent by a dictator to capture the prince.
The series was taped in various parts of the Dallas--Fort Worth Metroplex, with interiors taped at the Las Colinas studios in Irving, Texas. The entire series was released to DVD by GoodTimes Home Video as four separate releases of 3 or 4 episodes each and a single release with all 13 episodes.
## Plot
A tyrant named Zanu has taken control of the distant, red planet of Antars which is \"way off in another galaxy\" as Yubi describes in the episode \"Double Trouble\" while rehearsing exactly who he is and where he comes from. Zanu has the king of Antars killed and imprisons the queen. Lisa LeMole plays the queen in the episode \"Goodbye Earth.\" Yubi\'s monologue from the episode \"Double Trouble\" explains, \"My mother is there, probably in prison. My father is dead. I have a guardian. Sorta. He\'s not really a person. He\'s a droid. Also from Antars. And those people in the black van. You guessed it! From Antars!\"
The opening sequence of the series shows how the crown prince, their son and heir prince Yubi, has escaped to Earth with his droid Zax. When Yubi and Zax land on Earth, they are befriended by a stray dog named Benji, who remains their companion for the run of the series. Two Antarian bounty hunters named Darah and Khyber, along with their droid Zord (Level 10 programing), are sent to Earth to find and to capture Yubi. Most of the plot involves Darah and Khyber chasing Benji, Zax and Yubi in a black Chevy van, and their efforts almost always end in failure, usually due to some failure of one or both of them combined with Benji\'s incredible intelligence and loyal assistance. There is never any doubt that Benji is a major heroic figure for this show who seems to do an often better job protecting his highness than the level 2 droid assigned to him.
In order to survive on Earth, Antarians must wear a special bracelet known as a cipher. In the episode \"The Locals\", Prince Yubi\'s cipher is stolen by a gang of boys known as \"The Vikings\" and he gets very sick without it. Within seconds of the cipher\'s removal, Yubi faints, suggesting to more observant viewers that this life support device helps Yubi to breathe in some way. This is logical since the atmosphere is likely to be very different on Antars than on Earth. Every Antarian in the series is highly protective of their cipher, experiencing the immediate onset of fatigue as a result of its theft (Benji steals first Darah\'s then Khyber\'s cipher in the episode \"Gold Mine\" to force them to share a cipher and therefore rendering them unable to detect the nearby orgon signature from Trask\'s ship).
Beyond principal hunters Darah (Angie Bolling; episodes 1-7 and Anna Holbrook; episodes 8-13) and Khyber (Joe Rainer; episodes 1-7 and Dallas Miles; episodes 8-13), the episode \"UFO\" also features Ric Spiegel as hunter Harwell Thompson. The episode \"Puppy Love\" features Tosha Moody as Tanya, a secret agent of Zanu. Burton also played T.J. Parker (an Earth boy) in the episode \"Double Trouble\" who shoplifted a general store, which led to Yubi being arrested due to their striking resemblance to each other, while Khyber and Darah kidnap T.J. whom they mistake for the Prince.
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# Benji, Zax & the Alien Prince
## Characters
### Main characters {#main_characters}
- **Benji** - The protagonist of the series. He is a stray dog who lives in Texas and befriends Yubi and Zax when they crash-land on Earth. He is very protective and caring of Yubi and comes up with ideas to evade and outsmart the two hunters sent to capture Yubi. He is referred by Antarians as a quadruped, since he walks on four legs.
- **Zax** - A Level 2 droid assigned to Yubi. He has the ability to translate Benji and receive audio-visual signals.
- **Prince Yubi** - A young Antarian who is forced to flee to Earth from Zanu\'s tyranny with Benji and Zax by their side and to avoid capture from the hunters pursuing them.
### Supporting characters {#supporting_characters}
- **Lucy** - A bag lady who encounters Benji in the first episode. When Zax is damaged while being chased by the hunters, she takes him with her by mistake. She then rescues Yubi from the hunters and distracts them to give them time to escape.
- **Trask** - An old Antarian who used to be Zanu\'s right-hand man. He was presumed dead when he escaped to Earth and pretended to be a man named Montana. He meets up with Yubi and offers a job to herd cattle. He explains his history with Zanu and the trio help him repair his ship to return to Antars, while Benji has the hunters distracted.
- **The Queen** - The queen of Antars until she is overthrown and imprisoned by Zanu. She makes an appearance in the episode \"Goodbye to Earth\", where she sends Yubi a birthday message. Yubi gets a job at NASA in order to return to Antars until he relents and quits his job.
- **The King** - The former king of Antars. Not much is known about him other than the fact that he was murdered by Zanu.
- **Mr. Stevens** - A senior worker at NASA. He reluctantly hires Yubi when he wants to test his ship, who actually wants to go back home to see his mother, in spite of Zax\'s warnings to not endanger her wishes until he relents and quits his job until he\'s old enough to face Zanu.
- **Farley and BJ Matthews** - A pair of fugitives who flee to a ghostown. They meet up with Yubi and come up with a plan to ransom his parents, so they can become rich with his cipher until they realize who the hunters really are. Farley is wiser than his younger brother, whereas BJ is much more paranoid and tries to warn his older brother about Zax\'s presence, to no avail. They tie up the hunters and tell the trio to move along before the police arrive.
- **Joey** - A member of a local gang called \"The Vikings\" and the only reluctant member. He was forced by his leader, Will to steal Yubi\'s cipher, leaving him to become very ill without it. He eventually makes up and teams up with Benji to get Yubi\'s cipher back before quitting his gang along with the other members.
- **Tanya** - A young girl from Antars sent by Zanu to capture Yubi. However, she has actually grown fond of Yubi when she meets him at a skating rink. When Benji and Zax learn of this, Tanya is forced to end her relationship and abandons her mission to capture him.
- **Pop Wilcox** - A local fisherman who hires Yubi. When he tells Yubi to get him groceries, Yubi is arrested by mistake after TJ Parker shoplifts Ross\' store until Zax informs him about Yubi.
- **Sheriff Payton** - The police chief of Rockwell County, Texas. He arrests Yubi after TJ Parker shoplifts Ross\' store until Benji and Zax rescue Parker from the hunters.
- **Charlie Ross** - A kind-hearted businessman who works at a local grocery store in Garland, Texas. He mistakes Yubi for TJ Parker until Benji and Zax rescue Parker from the hunters.
- **Dr. Len Janson** - A veterinarian who originally worked as a World War II pilot. He is the husband of Nora and offers a job for the trio. When the hunters arrive, they gravely injure his horse, Sugarfoot and they are forced to get him to a faraway animal shelter with his plane. They eventually manage to get him to the shelter and return home.
- **Sugarfoot** - The Jansons\' black stallion. He tries to fend off the hunters chasing the trio, but ends up getting run over. Len and the trio manage to get him to a faraway shelter and the vet states that he would be home within two weeks.
- **RJ Jenkins** - A man who finds Benji and unknowingly sells him to a greedy couple. When Yubi and Zax offer a job in exchange for Benji, the robbers break into his home and Jenkins blames Yubi until Zax informs him about the real burglars. They manage to track them down and get them arrested. Benji then gets Jenkins a white dog named Tiffany and he adopts her.
- **Tiffany** - A female Maltese who is Benji\'s love interest. She appears in the episode \"Benji Call Home\", where she eventually gets adopted by Jenkins.
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# Benji, Zax & the Alien Prince
## Characters
### Villains
- **Zanu** - A tyrannical warlord who takes control of Antars and overthrows Yubi\'s family, forcing Yubi and Zax to flee to Earth. Zanu sends his right-hand hunters, Darah and Khyber to capture Yubi and take him back. In the episode \"Goldmine\", it is stated by Trask that he was associated with Zanu during the revolution until he revealed his true colors and his efforts to stop him were unsuccessful.
- **Darah and Khyber** - Zanu\'s primary hunters who are the main antagonists of the series. They arrive at Earth to capture Yubi, but their efforts are almost unsuccessful, usually due to Benji\'s quick thinking and loyal assistance to Yubi. They pursue Yubi in a black chevy van and are accompanied by a Level 10 droid named Zord for assistance.
- **Zord** - Darah and Khyber\'s Level 10 droid sent by Zanu to catch Yubi. Despite being destroyed in the episode \"Ghostown\" by Benji and Zax, he returned in the later episodes. Whenever he has plans to capture Benji, he thinks about brainwashing him to have him lead them to the prince, despite Darah\'s protests that the brainwave manipulator is designed for humans.
- **Harwell Thompson** - An Antarian hunter whose real motives to capture Yubi are to become rich and humiliate Darah and Khyber. He posts a fake news article about a spacecraft from Antars and kidnaps Yubi and Zax. However, Benji foils his plans by leading the hunters to his location and allowing them to escape.
- **The Rustlers** - A pair of rustlers who try to steal Trask\'s cattle and break into his goldmine. However, their efforts are unsuccessful when Benji and Zax scare them away.
- **Will** - The leader of a local gang known as \"The Vikings.\" He develops a grudge against Benji for stealing his hot dog and offers Yubi to challenge him to beat at an arcade game. After Yubi wins, Will plans to use his cipher to become rich and Joey is forced to remove Yubi\'s cipher to avoid his wrath, resulting in Yubi becoming ill without it. However, Benji and Joey team up to reclaim his cipher and Joey and the other members of the gang abandon Will.
- **TJ Parker** - A mischievous boy who resembles Yubi and shoplifts a store belonging to Charlie Ross. This results in him getting captured by the hunters and getting Yubi arrested. Oblivious about the danger, he insists on going with them to space until Benji and Zax rescue them and the police send him on his way to compensate Ross for his misdeeds.
- **Johnny and Marge Stevens** - A greedy couple who buy Benji from Jenkins and rob him the next day. However, their plans are foiled when the trio track them down and get arrested.
- **Circon** - A Level 2 droid sent by the hunters to impersonate Zax and lure Yubi into their trap. However, Benji sees under the trick, due to his lack of arachnophobia and leads him to get trapped. The hunters return and switch him back on, but Benji leads him to get shot and destroyed by the hunters by mistake
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# Grant Krieger
**Grant Wayne Krieger** is a Canadian who, in May 1996, travelled to Holland to obtain a prescription for cannabis to alleviate symptoms of multiple sclerosis. He became a prominent cannabis rights advocate. In 1996 he began a controversy associated with medical marijuana. Krieger openly admitted to using and selling marijuana from his home in Regina because of his multiple sclerosis and his customers' medical conditions.
In 1998 he moved his family to Calgary and was seen on the steps of the Calgary courthouse giving a fellow medicinal user an ounce of weed. He was charged with trafficking, and court appearances were scheduled. Krieger was elated with a not-guilty verdict.
In 2000, he won a judicial ruling allowing him to use marijuana for personal medical purposes.
In June 2001 he was acquitted on charges of possessing and trafficking marijuana.
In December 2003 he was convicted of trafficking marijuana. But in October 2006, this conviction was overturned by the Supreme Court, which found that the trial judge erred in compelling the jury to convict Krieger.
On March 27, 2007, Krieger was sentenced to four months in jail for trafficking marijuana. The judge also ordered that Krieger be provided marijuana for medical purposes while in jail. Because the Correctional Service of Canada indicated that it would not allow him to use marijuana, the judge deferred the sentence to June 2007 to give the agency time to accommodate Krieger's use of marijuana.
In March 2009, Krieger was placed on probation for 18 months by the Court of Appeal of Alberta. In December 2009, the Court of Queen\'s Bench of Manitoba imposed a term of probation of nine months
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# Alexander Stewart (bishop of Moray)
Alexander Stewart}} `{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Use British English|date=August 2012}}`{=mediawiki} **Alexander Stewart** (1477 -- 19 December 1537) was a Scottish prince and prelate; also known as **Alexander Stewart of Pitcairn**. He was the son of Alexander Stewart, Duke of Albany, and his first wife Lady Catherine Sinclair, daughter of William Sinclair, Earl of Orkney and Earl of Caithness. The marriage of his parents was dissolved in 1478 and his father remarried, but it was not until 1516 that an act of parliament made the marriage unlawful and ensured that Alexander Jr. would be regarded as legally illegitimate and unable to inherit his father\'s title.
His high birth, however, enabled a successful career in the church. He held Inchaffray Abbey from 1514, and Scone Abbey from 1518 *in commendam*. Between 1516 and 1518 he held a right to the commend of Whithorn Priory, a right he gave up to the papally-backed Silvio Passarini. He held the Collegiate Church of Dunbar from 1504 until at least 1510, and almost certainly beyond. He was Dean of Brechin from at least 1523, and perhaps as early as 1512. He was given crown nomination to the bishopric of Moray and then papal provision on 13 September 1529, after the failure of the candidature of Alexander Douglas I. He was probably not consecrated until 1532. He was allowed to retain control of his monastic commends. He died on 21 December 1537.
## Family and children {#family_and_children}
About 1518, he had intention of marriage with Margaret Stewart Lady Gordon, widow of Lord Gordon but this did not occur. Margaret Stewart was the natural daughter of James IV of Scotland and his mistress Margaret Drummond. They didn\'t marry because of their close kinship (his father, Alexander Stewart,1st Duke of Albany was the uncle of her father, James IV) but they did have a daughter
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# Dražen Žerić
**Dražen \"Žera\" Žerić** (born 20 July 1964) is a Bosnian and Yugoslav musician currently based in Croatia, best known as the vocalist for the popular pop rock band Crvena Jabuka.
Žerić started his career in 1985 as Crvena Jabuka keyboardist. He was the member of the band\'s first lineup alongside guitarist and vocalists Dražen Ričl, guitarist Zlatko Arslanagić, drummer Darko Jelčić and bass guitarist Aljoša Buha. Following large commercial success of their 1986 self-titled debut album, the band announced a nationwide promotional tour. On 18 September 1986, while on their way to Mostar for the first concert on the tour, the band members were involved in a car accident which killed Ričl and Buha. For the band\'s second album, the 1987 *Za sve ove godine*, Žerić took over the vocal duties, continuing his career as the band\'s vocalist. The band enjoyed large mainstream popularity, until the outbreak of Bosnian War forced them to split up. Since Crvena Jabuka reunion in 1994, Žerić has been the leader of the band, and since the departure of Jelčić in 2017, he has remained the sole original member of the group. In addition to recording 19 studio albums and 4 live albums with Crvena Jabuka, he has recorded an album in cooperation with singer-songwriter Narcis Vučina. Žerić is recognizable for public image -- for his spiky hair and for always wearing Converse sneakers on the band\'s performances.
## Early life {#early_life}
Žerić was born in the city of Mostar, in a family of Bosniak professors Nedžib and Šemsa. He grew up in Sarajevo, where he attended primary and secondary school, as well as music school, learning to play piano. He later graduated with a economics degree from the University of Sarajevo.
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# Dražen Žerić
## Musical career {#musical_career}
### Crvena Jabuka (1985--1992, 1994--present) {#crvena_jabuka_19851992_1994present}
In 1985, Žerić became a member of the band Crvena Jabuka. The band\'s original lineup consisted of Žerić (keyboards), Dražen Ričl \"Para\" (vocals, guitar), Zlatko \"Zlaja\" Arslanagić (guitar), Darko Jelčić \"Cunja\" (drums) and Aljoša Buha (bass guitar). The band\'s 1986 self-titled debut album saw large commercial success and media attention, the band announcing a nationwide promotional tour. On 18 September 1986, while on their way to Mostar to hold the first concert on the tour, band members were involved in a car accident near Jablaničko lake, in which Buha died on impact, while Ričl died in October 1986 from his injuries. Žerić, Arslanagić and Jelčić continued as Crvena Jabuka, releasing the band\'s second album *Za sve ove godine* in 1987, Žerić taking over the vocal duties. From 1987 to 1991, Crvena Jabuka would be one of the most successful bands on the Yugoslav rock scene.
In 1992, as the Yugoslav War advanced into Sarajevo, the band ended their activity. Žerić spent two years under the Army of Republika Srpska siege of Sarajevo doing humanitarian work and charity concerts. In 1994, he emigrated to Zagreb, where he reformed Crvena Jabuka with Darko Jelčić and multi-instrumentalist Nikša Bratoš. With principal songwriter Arslanagić out of the band, the group started to coopeerate with external songwriters, renewing their popularity in former Yugoslav republics. With the dearture of Jelčić in 2017, Žerić has remained the only original member of the group.
### Solo works {#solo_works}
During the siege of Sarajevo, Žerić held a number of humanitarian concerts along with singers Kemal Monteno, Mladen Vojičić Tifa and Zlatan Fazlić \"Fazla\". During war years, he also recorded the song \"Ostajte ovdje\" (\"Stay Here\") on the lyrics of 19th century Herzegovinian Serb poet Aleksa Šantić. In 1999, Žerić appeared on the renewed Vaš šlager sezone (*Your Schlager of the Season*) festival in Sarajevo, performing the song \"Proveo bih život ispod mostova\" (\"I Would Spend My Life Under Bridges\"), written by Zlatan Fazlić.
In 2013, Žerić recorded the album *Ručni rad -- Sarajevo* (*Handicraft -- Sarajevo*) with singer-songwriter Narcis Vučina, featuring songs authored by Vučina.
### Guest appearances {#guest_appearances}
Žerić has made a number of guest appearances on albums by other artists. In 2004, he made a guest appearance in the song \"Ljubav ne postoji (rođaci moji)\" (\"Love Doesn\'t Exist (My Cousins)\"), released by Croatian pop Leteći Odred on their album *Razglednice* (*Postcards*). In 2011, with Serbian folk singer Indira Radić he recorded the duet \"Istok, sever, jug i zapad\" (\"East, North, South and West\"), released on her album of the same title. In 2013, he recorded the duet \"Svaki dan je put\" (\"Every Day Is a Journey\") with Croatian pop singer Antonija Šola, released on her album *Nezgodna* (*Inconvenient One*). During the same year, he recorded the duet \"Crveni poljupci\" (\"Red Kisses\") with Bosnian and Yugoslav singer-songwriter Kemal Monteno, released on Monteno\'s album *Šta je život* (*What Is Life*). In 2015, he recorded the duet \"Ti budi tu\" (\"Be There\") with Croatian pop singer Paula Jusić, released on her album *Dvije izgubljene duše* (*Two Lost Souls*). In 2021, he recorded the duet \"Sarajevo\" with Croatian musician Lana S., released on her album *Avantura* (*Adventure*).
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# Dražen Žerić
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Constant touring took toll on Žerić\'s health, with extensive drinking habits had been reported many times. In 1998 he was pulled over by the Croatian police on the Croatian-Slovenian border and later detained reportedly for not appearing at the Municipal Court in Zagreb where he was due for the trial in the court case in which he was accused of driving under the influence of alcohol. The case was later dismissed and Žerić was given probation.
Žerić has been living in Zagreb, Croatia since 1994. He married twenty-year-old Barbara Mačela, 24 years his junior, in a July 2008 ceremony on a boat off the coast of Šolta island. In February 2009, the couple had twin daughters, Petra and Marea.
On multiple occasions throughout 2008 and 2009, Žerić publicly expressed his opposition to what he saw as promotion of gay lifestyle in Zagreb.
In November 2017, Žerić was summoned by a Municipal Court in Zagreb to provide testimony in the libel lawsuit that Nikša Bratoš, president of the government-funded Croatian Music Union (HGU), filed against Croatia Records CEO Želimir Babogredac over Babogredac\'s June 2015 *Slobodna Dalmacija* interview claims, accusing Bratoš and his HGU team of malfeasance and blackmail in collusion with Croatia\'s state-run broadcaster Croatian Radiotelevision (HRT). Žerić\'s testimony focused on clarifying Babogredac\'s additional claims from the same media interview about Žerić and Željko Bebek being rejected, despite their respective long-standing careers, for the *samostalni umjetnik* (cultural worker) status in Croatia, a legal provision for country\'s prominent and HGU-approved artists entitling them to various financial benefits from the state budget. In his testimony, Žerić talked of his *samostalni umjetnik* application being turned down by the HGU along with an explanation that \"his work has not achieved sufficient recognition\", all of which made him feel \"humiliated\". He further stated that his appearances on the HRT had been greatly reduced, before adding he holds Bratoš responsible because \"Bratoš has been holding some of the most important posts in Croatian music bodies\".
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# Dražen Žerić
## Discography
### With Crvena Jabuka {#with_crvena_jabuka}
#### Studio albums {#studio_albums}
- *Crvena Jabuka* (1986)
- *Za sve ove godine* (1987)
- *Sanjati* (1988)
- *Tamo gdje ljubav počinje* (1989)
- *Nekako s proljeća* (1991)
- *U tvojim očima* (1996)
- *Svijet je lopta šarena* (1997)
- *Sve što sanjam* (2000)
- *Tvojim željama vođen* (2002)
- *Oprosti što je ljubavna* (2005)
- *\...Duša Sarajeva* (2007)
- *Volim te* (2009)
- *Za tvoju ljubav* (2011)
- *Nek\' bude ljubav* (2013)
- *2016* (2016)
- *Nocturno* (2018)
- *Tvrđava* (2020)
- *Neka nova jutra* (2022)
- *Mirišu jabuke* (2024)
#### Live albums {#live_albums}
- *Uzmi me (kad hoćeš ti)* (1990)
- *Riznice sjećanja* (1999)
- *Live* (2001)
- *Bivše djevojčice, bivši dječaci -- Unplugged live u Lisinskom* (2014)
#### Compilations
- *Ima nešto od srca do srca* (1993)
- *Moje najmilije* (1996)
- *Antologija* (2003)
- *Zlatna kolekcija* (2005)
- *The Ultimate Collection* (2008)
- *Da nije ljubavi* (2010)
- *Najlepše ljubavne pjesme* (2010)
- *Christmas Limited Edition* (2017)
- \'*\'Sarajevo 1985. -- 2020
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# 1970–71 Honduran Liga Nacional
The **1970--71 Honduran Liga Nacional** season was the 6th edition of the Honduran Liga Nacional. The format of the tournament remained the same as the previous season. C.D. Motagua won the title and qualified to the 1971 CONCACAF Champions\' Cup along with runners-up Club Deportivo Olimpia.
## 1970--71 teams
- Atlético Español (Tegucigalpa, *promoted*)
- Atlético Indio (Tegucigalpa)
- España (San Pedro Sula)
- Lempira de Guaruma (La Lima)
- Marathón (San Pedro Sula)
- Motagua (Tegucigalpa)
- Olimpia (Tegucigalpa)
- Platense (Puerto Cortés)
- Victoria (La Ceiba)
- Vida (La Ceiba)
## Regular season {#regular_season}
### Standings
{{#invoke:sports table\|main\|style=WDL \|res_col_header=QR \|winpoints=2
\|team1=MOT\|name_MOT=Motagua \|team2=OLI\|name_OLI=Olimpia \|team3=MAR\|name_MAR=Marathón \|team4=RES\|name_RES=España \|team5=VID\|name_VID=Vida \|team6=PLA\|name_PLA=Platense \|team7=AIN\|name_AIN=Atlético Indio \|team8=AES\|name_AES=Atlético Español \|team9=LEM\|name_LEM=Lempira de Guaruma \|team10=VIC\|name_VIC=Victoria \|win_MOT=13\|draw_MOT=11\|loss_MOT=3\|gf_MOT=43\|ga_MOT=18 \|win_OLI=16\|draw_OLI=5\|loss_OLI=6\|gf_OLI=43\|ga_OLI=19 \|win_MAR=12\|draw_MAR=8\|loss_MAR=7\|gf_MAR=35\|ga_MAR=25 \|win_RES=10\|draw_RES=10\|loss_RES=7\|gf_RES=36\|ga_RES=29 \|win_VID=10\|draw_VID=10\|loss_VID=7\|gf_VID=38\|ga_VID=32 \|win_PLA=8\|draw_PLA=11\|loss_PLA=8\|gf_PLA=25\|ga_PLA=29 \|win_AIN=8\|draw_AIN=7\|loss_AIN=12\|gf_AIN=29\|ga_AIN=34 \|win_AES=6\|draw_AES=9\|loss_AES=12\|gf_AES=29\|ga_AES=47 \|win_LEM=5\|draw_LEM=9\|loss_LEM=13\|gf_LEM=25\|ga_LEM=44 \|win_VIC=3\|draw_VIC=8\|loss_VIC=16\|gf_VIC=28\|ga_VIC=54 \|hth_MOT=OLI\|hth_OLI=Motagua and Olimpia to play an extra match for the title. \|col_CCC=#D0F0C0\|text_CCC=Qualified to the 1971 CONCACAF Champions\' Cup \|result1=CCC\|result2=CCC \|col_R=#FFCCCC\|text_R=Relegated to the Segunda División \|result10=R \|note_res_R=Victoria relegated to second division. \|update=complete\|source= }}
### Championship playoff {#championship_playoff}
---------------- ------------- ------------------ --------------- ------------------- ----------------- ---------------- -------------------- ---------------- ------------- ------------------ --------------- ------------------- ----------------- ---------------- --------------------
{{football kit pattern_b = leftarm = 003366 body = 003366 rightarm = 003366 shorts = 003366 socks = 003366 title = Motagua }} {{football kit pattern_b = leftarm = FFFFFF body = FFFFFF rightarm = FFFFFF shorts = FFFFFF socks = FFFFFF title = Olimpia }}
---------------- ------------- ------------------ --------------- ------------------- ----------------- ---------------- -------------------- ---------------- ------------- ------------------ --------------- ------------------- ----------------- ---------------- --------------------
--------------------
GK
DF
DF
DF
DF
MF
MF
MF
FW
FW
FW
**Substitutions:**
FW
--
**Manager:**
Carlos Padilla
--------------------
--------------------
GK
DF
DF
DF
DF
MF
MF
MF
FW
FW
FW
**Substitutions:**
--
FW
**Manager:**
José Herrera
--------------------
--
--
- *Motagua champions as better regular season record
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# 32nd Indiana Monument
The **32nd Indiana Monument**, also known as the **August Bloedner Monument,** honors the Union soldiers of the 32nd Indiana Volunteer Infantry Regiment, also known as Indiana\'s \"1st German\" regiment, who died in the Battle of Rowlett\'s Station on December 17, 1861, near Munfordville, Kentucky. Originally placed at Fort Willich, near Munfordville, in January 1862, the monument was moved to Cave Hill National Cemetery at Louisville, Kentucky, in June 1867. Due to its fragile condition, the monument was removed from the national cemetery in 2008. After undergoing conservation treatment at the University of Louisville, it was placed on display at the Frazier History Museum lobby in August 2010. Although it is no longer in its original location, the 32nd Indiana Monument is generally considered to be the oldest surviving memorial to the American Civil War. A replacement monument at Cave Hill National Cemetery was dedicated in December 2011.
## History
On December 17, 1861, the 32nd Indiana Volunteer Infantry Regiment experienced its first major action during the American Civil War at the Battle of Rowlett\'s Station, south of Munfordville, Kentucky. Its efforts to successfully defend a crucial bridge received national recognition in the newspapers for its stand against Confederate forces. The battle became notable as one of the few occasions during the war when the Union infantry successfully defended itself in the open against repeated Confederate cavalry assaults. The 32nd Indiana\'s battle casualties were 46 (13 killed, 28 wounded, and 5 captured).
Shortly after the battle, Christian Friedrich August Bloedner of Cincinnati, Ohio, who served as a Union private in the 32nd Indiana, carved a limestone memorial to honor his comrades who had died. The monument was placed at the Union soldiers\' gravesite at Fort Willich, near Munfordville, Kentucky, in mid-January 1862. In June 1867, after Cave Hill National Cemetery was established at Louisville, Kentucky, the monument and the remains of 21 Union soldiers, 14 of them from the 32nd Indiana, were moved from the Cemetery at Fort Willich to the national cemetery.
On July 17, 1997, the 32nd Indiana Monument was added to the National Register of Historic Places. The porous limestone monument has been severely damaged over time by artificial pollutants and natural weathering, and most of the original inscription has faded away. A wooden structure was erected to protect the monument from further decay. Due to its deteriorating condition, the monument was removed from the national cemetery in December 2008 for conservation treatment at the University of Louisville. Conservation Solutions, Inc. (CSI), who treated the monument, recommended that it should be removed to an indoor display. Conservation methods included \"cleaning, re-attaching flaking and spalled stone surfaces, removal of inappropriate patch materials and patching\".
Due to its fragile condition, one plan to preserve the monument suggested that it be moved indoors to the Hart County Historical Society Museum in Munfordville, with granite copies placed at Cave Hill National Cemetery and at its original location at Fort Willich. In addition to the Hart County museum, the Frazier History Museum at Louisville and the Patton Museum at Fort Knox, Kentucky, vied to display the monument after conservation efforts were completed. The Frazier History Museum was selected to house the monument on long-term loan from the National Cemetery Administration. In August 2010 the refurbished monument was installed in the museum\'s lobby, where visitors need not pay to see it.
On November 19, 2010, the monument was removed from the National Register of Historic Places. A new monument to the 32nd Indiana that contains German and English inscriptions was dedicated at Cave Hill National Cemetery on December 16, 2011.
## Description
The monument was originally intended to lie flat on the ground; however, after its move to Cave Hill National Cemetery, it was installed upright on a stone base, a contribution from Louisville\'s German community. The base measured 16 in wide, 67 in long, and 8 in above ground. The monument weighs 3500 lb.
On the front of the monument, near the top, a relief carving of an eagle clutches a brace of cannon with two stacks of cannonballs paired below. Olive and oak branches border American flags on each side. Below the frieze a stone-carved tablet bears a German inscription and the names of 13 soldiers from the 32nd Indiana who died at the Battle of Rowlett\'s Station, along with their ranks and birth years.
Although the German inscription is no longer legible, the National Cemetery records inscription, transcribed into English, reads as follows:
> HERE REST THE FIRST HEROES OF THE 32ND INDIANA GERMAN REGIMENT WHO LAID DOWN THEIR LIVES FOR PRESERVATION OF THE FREE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF NORTH AMERICA. THEY WERE KILLED DECEMBER 17, 1861, IN A FIGHT WITH THE REBELS AT ROWLETT\'S STATION, KENTUCKY, IN WHICH ONE REGIMENT TEXAS RANGERS, TWO REGIMENTS OF INFANTRY, AND A BATTERY OF SIX CANNON, OVER 3,000 STRONG, WERE DEFEATED BY 500 GERMAN SOLDIERS.
An English inscription on the monument\'s base reads:
> IN MEMORY OF THE FIRST VICTIMS OF THE 32. REG. INDIANA VOL. WHO FELL AT THE BATTLE OF ROWLETTS STATION DECEMBER 17, 1861
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# 32nd Indiana Monument
## Legacy
Although the 32nd Indiana Monument has been moved from its original location, it is generally considered to be the oldest surviving memorial to the American Civil War. The National Park Service considers the Hazen Brigade Monument at Stones River National Battlefield, Tennessee, placed in 1863, a year after the 32nd Indiana Monument\'s installation at Fort Willich, the oldest intact Civil War monument in the United States. An earlier monument erected after First Battle of Bull Run (1861) in Virginia has not survived
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# King's South Africa Medal
The **King\'s South Africa Medal** is a British campaign medal awarded to all British and Colonial military personnel who served in the Second Boer War in South Africa, and who were in the theatre on or after 1 January 1902 and who had completed 18 months service in the conflict prior to 1 June 1902.
## Institution
The fourth campaign medal relating to the Second Boer War, and the second which could be awarded for service in South Africa, the King\'s South Africa Medal was instituted in 1902 and was the first British campaign medal to be instituted by King Edward VII. Recipients had to have served in the theatre of war between 1 January 1902 and 31 May 1902 and completed 18 months service in the conflict, not necessarily continuous, prior to 1 June 1902.
The medal was never awarded singly, but was always paired with the Queen\'s South Africa Medal.
## The Second Boer War {#the_second_boer_war}
The medal recognised service in the difficult latter phases of the war and rewarded those who, by their long service in the field, had brought the campaign to a successful conclusion. Poor logistics over very long supply lines and disease, combined with having to fight against a disciplined and capable enemy of excellent horsemen and marksmen who had perfected guerrilla warfare, made this a hard-won medal. In addition to men often having had to go without basics such as food and water, enteric fever killed several thousand and was a constant drain on manpower. Published casualty rolls run to over 50,000 names, while studies of contemporary publications and reports put the actual figure for all casualties, including caused by disease, at 97,000.
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# King's South Africa Medal
## Award criteria {#award_criteria}
### The medal {#the_medal}
The King\'s South Africa Medal was awarded only to those troops on active service during 1902, and who had served for at least 18 months by the end of the war on 31 May 1902. This service did not have to be continuous. For example, men who were invalided out of South Africa prior to January 1902 but who returned and served any time between January 1902 and May 1902 received the medal, provided they had completed the 18 months aggregate qualifying service.
### Clasps
Two clasps were awarded:
- \"SOUTH AFRICA 1901\" -- For service in South Africa between 1 January 1901 and 31 December 1901.
- \"SOUTH AFRICA 1902\" -- For service in South Africa between 1 January 1902 and 31 May 1902.
While the qualifying criteria meant that most King\'s South Africa Medals were awarded with both clasps, there were exceptions. Those who served in South Africa but left in 1900, for example due to wounds, and who returned in 1902 would receive the medal with the 1902 clasp only, providing they had completed a total of eighteen months service. Nursing sisters qualified for the medal, but not the clasps, being the only recipients to receive the medal without a clasp.
Those who qualified for the 1901 and 1902 clasps, but not for the King\'s South Africa Medal, received the clasps with the Queen\'s South Africa Medal.
### Recipients
Even with continuous service, a recipient would have had to have served from 1 December 1900 to have 18 months service before the war ended on 31 May 1902. As a result, the majority of participants qualified for the award of the Queen\'s South Africa Medal only. While most of those qualifying for the King\'s South Africa Medal served with the British Army, a number of others also received the medal:
Service afloat off South Africa did not qualify, with only 31 medals awarded to the Royal Navy.
By 1902 most contingents from the Dominions had returned home, with only 154 medals awarded to Canadian forces and approximately 200 to New Zealanders.
A total of 587 nursing sisters received the medal without clasp, including six New Zealand nurses, among which Janet Gillies.
## Description
The King\'s South Africa Medal is a silver disk, 38 mm in diameter and 3 mm thick.
Obverse
The obverse shows King Edward VII, in Field Marshal\'s uniform and facing left, with the legend \"EDWARDVS VII REX IMPERATOR\" around the upper perimeter.
Reverse
The reverse shows Britannia holding the Union Flag in her left hand and a laurel wreath in her right hand. In the right background are troops marching inland from the coast. In the left background are two men-of-war, with Neptune\'s Trident and Britannia\'s shield on the ground in the foreground. Around the top perimeter are the words \"SOUTH AFRICA\". The reverse is identical to the third version reverse of the Queen\'s South Africa Medal, with the wreath almost touching the \"F\" of \"AFRICA\".
Clasps
The clasps were attached to the suspender and to each other in roller chain fashion with rivets.
Ribbon
The ribbon is 32 millimetres wide, with an 11 millimetres wide green band, a 10 millimetres wide white band and an 11 millimetres wide orange band. As was often done with subsequent campaign medals, the colours of the ribbon represent those of the countries in which the campaign took place, green and white for the South African Republic and orange and white for the Orange Free State.
Naming
The recipient\'s name and details were impressed on the rim of the medal, with some officer\'s medals engraved.
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# King's South Africa Medal
## Order of wear {#order_of_wear}
Campaign medals are not listed by name in the order of wear prescribed by the British Central Chancery of the Orders of Knighthood, but are grouped together as taking precedence after the Queen\'s Medal for Chiefs and before the Polar Medals, in order of the date of the campaign for which awarded.
Second Boer War campaign medals are worn after the Ashanti Medal and before the Africa General Service Medal and in the following order:
- The Queen\'s South Africa Medal.
- The Queen\'s Mediterranean Medal.
- The Transport Medal.
- The **King\'s South Africa Medal**.
### South Africa {#south_africa}
Even though the Boer Republic awards for the Anglo-Boer War, the *Dekoratie voor Trouwe Dienst* (Decoration for Loyal Service) and the two campaign awards, the *Medalje voor de Anglo-Boere Oorlog* (Anglo Boer War Medal) and the *Lint voor Verwonding* (Wound Ribbon), were instituted on behalf of King George V by the Governor General of the Union of South Africa, the *Dekoratie voor Trouwe Dienst* is not listed in the British order of wear and the two campaign awards would therefore most likely also have been excluded. The South African order of precedence of the Second Boer War campaign medals, in order of the date of the campaign for which awarded, is as follows:
- The Queen\'s South Africa Medal.
- The *Medalje voor de Anglo-Boere Oorlog*.
- The *Lint voor Verwonding*.
- The **King\'s South Africa Medal**.
In the South African order of wear, in respect of British campaign medals applicable to South Africa, the King\'s South Africa Medal takes precedence before the Natal Native Rebellion Medal.
On 6 April 1952 the Union of South Africa instituted its own range of military decorations and medals. These new awards were worn before all earlier British decorations and medals awarded to South Africans, with the exception of the Victoria Cross, which still took precedence before all other awards. Of the official British campaign medals which were applicable to South Africans, the King\'s South Africa Medal took precedence as shown.
- Preceded by the *Lint voor Verwonding* (Wound Ribbon).
- Succeeded by the Natal Native Rebellion Medal
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# Ernst Rudorff
**Ernst Friedrich Karl Rudorff** (January 18, 1840 -- December 31, 1916) was a German composer and music teacher, also a founder of the nature protection movement *\"Heimatschutz\"*.
## Biography
Born in Berlin, Rudorff studied piano under Woldemar Bargiel from 1852 to 1857 before enrolling at the Leipzig Conservatory in 1859, where he studied under Ignaz Moscheles, Louis Plaidy, and Julius Rietz. He was also a private pupil of Moritz Hauptmann and Carl Reinecke.
In 1865 he became a piano teacher at the Cologne Conservatory, and he founded the Bach-Verein Köln in 1867. He moved to Berlin in 1869, and for four decades, to his retirement in 1910, was the head piano teacher at the Berlin Hochschule. He also conducted the Stern Gesangverein from 1880 to 1890, succeeding Max Bruch.
His collection of music manuscripts, scores, and correspondence is one of the largest and most important such collections still held in private hands. It includes autographs by Bach, Beethoven, Bruch, Clementi, Dussek, Gluck, Handel, Mendelssohn, Mozart, and Salieri. The collection materials date not just from his lifetime but from those of his father and grandfather. The collection started when his grandfather Carl Pistor outbid Carl Zelter for a group of Johann Sebastian Bach manuscripts that had been owned by Wilhelm Friedemann Bach. Mendelssohn learned of Pistor\'s acquisition and catalogued the manuscripts which included 13 complete cantata manuscripts; in return Pistor gifted him the autograph of newly acquired Bach\'s cantata *Ich freue mich in Dir*.
As early as 1878, Rudorff wrote on the negative effects that mass tourism and rapid industrialization has on the environment. He advocated for the creation of an organization that protected the environment while opposing the creation of railways, especially those solely for tourists. He would coin the term \"Heimatschutz\", starting a movement following these principles.
His students included Fridtjof Backer-Grøndahl, Wilhelm Berger, Leo Blech, Gerard von Brucken Fock, Leopold Godowsky, Elsie Hall, Siegfried Ochs, Alexandre Rey Colaço, Clemens Schmalstich, Carl Schuricht and Alfred Sormann. `{{See LMST|Ernst|Rudorff}}`{=mediawiki}
## Musical works {#musical_works}
Among his works are: Symphony No. 1 in B flat, Op. 31; No. 2 in G minor, Op. 40; No. 3 in B minor, Op. 50; serenades for orchestra (Op. 20 in A; Op. 21 in G); three overtures, to Ludwig Tieck\'s *Märchen vom blonden Ekbert* (Op. 8); to *Otto der Schütz* (Op. 12); *Romantische Ouverture* (Op. 45); *Ballade* in 3 movements for orchestra (Op. 15); *Variationen* for orchestra (Op. 24); *Romanze* for violin and orchestra (Op. 41); *Der Aufzug der Romanze* (libretto by Ludwig Tieck) for solo, choir, and orchestra (Op. 18); *Gesang an die Sterne* (libretto by Friedrich Rückert) for six voices with orchestra; *Herbstlied* (Op. 43); String sextet in A (Op. 5); and many songs.
Rudorff also orchestrated Schubert\'s Fantasia in F minor; edited the full score of Weber\'s *Euryanthe* and the piano concertos and piano sonatas of Mozart; and published Weber\'s letters to Heinrich Lichtenstein (1900). His correspondence with Brahms and Joachim has also been published in collections of the latter two\'s letters
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# Alexander Douglas (bishop-designate)
**Alexander Douglas** (fl. 1528) was a Scottish aristocrat and priest in the Pre-Reformation church. He was the son of Sir Archibald Douglas of Kilspindie, Treasurer of Scotland. After the death of Robert Shaw, Bishop of Moray, Alexander was given crown nomination to the Apostolic see as Shaw\'s successor. At that time, during the minority of King James V of Scotland, Alexander\'s kinsman Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus, was in control of the country. However, this appointment was opposed by John Stewart, Duke of Albany, Angus\' rival, who was supporting his own brother, Alexander Stewart. The fall of Angus in late 1528 appears to have doomed his candidature. He largely disappears from the records, and it is Stewart who succeeds to the bishopric. However, he does appear on some of the lists of bishops as Alexander Douglas I to distinguish him from another member of his extended family, Alexander Douglas II
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# Please Give Me a Job!
***Please Give Me a Job!*** is a Malaysian reality television programme produced by Red Communications and 8TV which features 10 fresh graduates vying for job placements in various companies. In each episode, the contestants compete in groups and take on various tasks. Created by Ahmad Izham Omar in cooperation with SEGi university college, it is hosted by Azah Yasmin. Datuk Clement Hii as the CEO of SEGi Education Group also plays a role in the show as mentor to the contestants, who appears in the beginning of each episode to give a short briefing to them in which he gives words of wisdom.
## Format
Unlike competition-formatted shows like *The Apprentice* which remove contestants candidacy for a potential job, *Please Give Me a Job!* \"eliminates\" its contestants by sealing job opportunities for them at the end of each episode. Throughout the show, contestants are to take on various challenges from companies of different industries. After each challenge, the management of each company will choose a number of contestants which they feel fit to be interviewed and one of them will eventually be given the job opening.
## Season 1 {#season_1}
Production Team
Lina Tan - Executive Producer / Lee Su May - Director / Lee Su May - Script / Angie Choo & Karen Kuek - Assistant Directors / Moh Hafiz, Melissa Lim & Christina Richard - Production Assistants / Lee Mee Fung & Joanna Lee - PR & Marketing /\\
Technical Team
Haris Hue - DOP / Zolkefli - Sound
Post Production Team
Oliver Lee & Farra Aizurin - Editors
### Contestants
Name (Age) Academic qualification, Institution Recruited (Episode, Company)
-------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------
**Nurul Ain** a.k.a. **Katina Latif** (21) Bachelor of Performing Arts, University of Tasmania
**G. Justin Frances** (24) Bachelor of Law, University of London Programme at Kemayan ATC Episode 9 (Received SEGi scholarship as consolation)
**Juliet John** (24) Bachelor of Psychology, University of South Australia Episode 9, Royal Selangor
**Mohd Farez Atan** (24) Degree in Communications & Media Studies (Hons in Advertising) Episode 8, SEGi University
**Hisham Albakri Abdullah** (24) Bachelor of Multimedia (Media Studies), Swinburne University of Technology Episode 7, 8TV
**Krystle Lim Xin Ee** (22) Bachelor of Communications (Persuasive Communications), Universiti Sains Malaysia Programme at Taylor\'s College Episode 6, Meda Inc. Berhad
**Mike Cheng** (22) Bachelor of Mass Communications & Public Relations, Queensland University of Technology Episode 5, Andaman Group
**Azira Mustafa** (24) Interior Architecture, Limkokwing University College of Creative Technology Episode 4, Red Communications
**Natalia Chan** (21) Bachelor of Communications in Advertising & Marketing Episode 3, MindShare
**Charlene Rayna Sebastian** (24) BSc in Psychology, BSc in Communications, SEGi University Episode 2, Media Prima
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# Please Give Me a Job!
## Season 1 {#season_1}
### Episode list {#episode_list}
Episode 1 (aired 15 April 2007)
Ten fresh graduates arrive at the SEGi building to begin their quest for job. For starters, they were tested by their résumé presentation skills, followed by a session of clothing selection at 1 Utama to groom them up for the challenges ahead.
Episode 2 (aired 22 April 2007)
The ten fresh graduates\' first challenge was to make a promo for Fly FM which were recorded by its breakfast shift announcers Phat Fabes and Ben. They were split into two teams --- one led by Justin and the other by Charlene. They were examined by the top management of Media Prima Radio Networks, who eventually picked Charlene and two members of her team, Azira and Hashim. Eventually it was Charlene who was offered a job in the broadcast company.
Episode 3 (aired 29 April 2007)
The nine remaining contestants were split into two again, this time led by Farez and Krystle, in a challenge to present an advertising idea to the management of MindShare to promote the upcoming film *Pirates of the Caribbean: At World\'s End*. Krystle\'s team won the challenge and she and two others, Hisham and Natalia were picked by the management for a round of interviews. Natalia emerged with the job placement.
Episode 4 (aired 6 May 2007)
The remaining eight were once again divided into two teams led respectively by Juliet and Mike for the task of making video clips themed on AIDS awareness for television program and film production company Red Communications. Mike\'s team won the task and he along with Hisham and Azira were given the interviews. Eventually, despite her lack of experience in the mass media industry, Azira landed a job in the company.
Episode 5 (aired 13 May 2007)
With seven job-seekers left (however, Katina called in sick thus only the other six competed), the task was to promote the Cova, Andaman Group\'s upcoming residential-cum-commercial construction project. Farez and Hisham became the two group leaders.\
A notable event in this episode was when Farez said about having the company to arrange feng shui services for a customer who insisted on it. This had greatly upset the management of Andaman, nevertheless it was his group who won the task and he along with the other members, Krystle and Mike were interviewed. Mike landed the job in Andaman.
Episode 6 (aired 20 May 2007)
Six contestants remained, only to be helped by the return of Azira and Natalia to boost the performances of Justin and Katina\'s teams respectively for an events management task in the Summit USJ in conjunction with International Women\'s Day. As usual, the management of Meda Inc. Berhad, the developers of the Summit USJ, would watch over and judge the teams. This episode saw a spate of disorder and resentment among the members of Justin\'s team, particularly about how Justin led them.\
As a result, Katina\'s team won hands down and she and Krystle were chosen for the interview with Meda\'s superiors. Krystle landed the job at Meda.
Episode 7 (aired 27 May 2007)
With Hisham and Juliet as the respective team leaders of five remaining contestants plus Mike who was brought back to help them, they take on a press conference organizing task for 8TV\'s new programmes *So You Think You Can Dance (Malaysia)* and *Project Runway Malaysia* respectively. Juliet\'s team was found to not follow the proper procedures of the task, and this led to a scuffle between the team leader and one of 8TV\'s directors.\
Hisham\'s team won the task after winning praise by 8TV\'s directors for their teamwork and effective organization of their press conference, but in a twist, they chose the team leaders of both teams for the interview. Hisham won the round and landed a job at 8TV.
Episode 8 (aired 3 June 2007)
With only four contestants left, Krystle and Charlene were brought back to the show to assist Katina and Justin, and Juliet and Farez respectively for the task given by SEGi University\'s Senior Marketing Director, Bruce Lim, to make a promotion campaign for the college\'s new flagship campus in Kota Damansara. Both teams relied on the same one photographer, and Juliet\'s team, who used his services first, found it difficult to supervise him till he arrived at Katina\'s team late.\
Despite the glaring flaws made by both teams, Katina\'s team won the task in terms of their promotional effectiveness, and the team leader was duly rewarded and automatically brought into the interview. Yet, SEGi\'s executives also chose Farez to join in, and eventually it was Farez who landed the job at SEGi.
Episode 9 (aired 10 June 2007)
The season finalé began with a shocking revelation that Katina is actually an actress named Nurul Ain who was sent into the competition by the producers to blend with the other contestants. This left Juliet and Justin remaining in contention for the last job opening in Royal Selangor, assisted by Natalia and Hisham respectively, by selling as many of the company\'s pewter merchandise to local celebrities in a closed (invitation-only) event.\
After a discussion by six of Royal Selangor\'s directors, Juliet was selected to join their company while Justin, left without a job from the competition, was given a scholarship by SEGi to further his studies into the Masters level
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# Garanganze people
The **Garanganze**, **Yeke** or **Bayeke** are a people of Katanga, in the Democratic Republic of Congo. They established the Yeke Kingdom under the warrior-king Msiri, who dominated the southern part of Central Africa from 1850 to 1891 and controlled the trade route between Angola and Zanzibar from his capital, at Bunkeya.
Msiri and his people were originally Nyamwezi traders from around Tabora who migrated to Katanga to reach the source of copper, ivory and slaves to trade. They took over and merged with a Wasanga chieftainship and established a powerful base by conquering neighbouring tribes.
In 1891, Msiri was killed by the Stairs Expedition sent by King Leopold II of Belgium to take possession of Katanga for his Congo Free State. Many of the Yeke dispersed, with some settling in the Luapula Valley and the western shores of Lake Mweru around the Garanganze Missions of the Plymouth Brethren, led by Dan Crawford. Others who had been regarded as the Yeke were reabsorbed into the Wasanga ethnic group. Consequently, the Yeke or Garanganze now number only about 20,000 and speak Kisanga and Swahili, Yeke (Kiyeke) now being a language that is used only for ceremonial occasions.
## Mwami Mwenda chieftainship {#mwami_mwenda_chieftainship}
The Garanganze still maintain the **Mwami Mwenda** chieftainship at Bunkeya, after it was exiled by the Belgian colonial authorities for some years to the Lufoi River. The chieftainship is named in honour of Msiri whose full name was *Mwenda Msiri Ngelengwa Shitambi*. The current chief who was enthroned in 1997 is Mwami Mwenda VIII, named Mwenda-Bantu Godefroid Munonga.
The official history of the Garanganze claims that the chieftainship survived despite neglect and opposition from the Belgian colonial authorities. However other sources say that the Belgians, whose first treaty in Katanga was with Mwami Mwenda II Mukanda-Bantu whom they had installed after killing Msiri, used the chieftainship to bolster colonial rule, conferring on the chiefs an importance which the Yeke, a relatively small tribe, did not warrant from their numbers.
Mwami Mwenda VI Godefroid Munonga was involved in the Katanga secession crisis and was appointed Minister of the Interior of the breakaway state. After Katanga was reunited with the Congo, he was imprisoned by Mobutu for a few years and after his release he was enthroned as chief in 1976
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# Yu Dan (academic)
**Yu Dan** (`{{zh|c=于丹 |p=Yú Dān}}`{=mediawiki}, born June 28, 1965) is a Chinese professor of media studies at China\'s Beijing Normal University. She is also assistant to the Dean, Faculty of Arts & Media, as well as the Department Chair of the Film & Television Media Department.
## Background
Yu was born in Beijing, China. She received a master\'s degree in ancient Chinese literature and a doctoral degree in film & TV studies from Beijing Normal University. She holds strategist/researcher positions in a roster of mass media groups such as China Television Artists Association, China Visual Association\'s Tertiary Arts committee, China Visual Association\'s Research Group, CCTV\'s Research Office, China News Research Group, China-Guangdong Research Institute, China-Guangdong Institute Legal Programs Committee, News Corp (Australia), etc. Yu is apparently a fan of pop music idols such as Jay Chou and Nan Quan Mama, a Chinese classic enthusiast and a Kunqu Opera performer. She is also unofficially known as \"the chieftain of the fun-seeking club of the School of Media and Arts at Beijing Normal University.\"
## Lecture Room Program {#lecture_room_program}
In late 2006, a series of her lectures entitled \"Yu Dan\'s Insights into the Analects\" (于丹《论语》心得) was broadcast for seven days on China Central Television (CCTV) as part of the *Lecture Room* (《百家讲坛》) program. The transcript, edited into a book, sold 10,000 copies within the first day of release. Within 40 days, sales exceeded 1.5 million. By September 2007, the book has sold 4.2 million legal copies and an estimated 6 million pirated ones since its publication in December and remains on best-seller lists. It has been published in English under the more literally translated title *Confucius from the Heart*.
In the Spring Festival period of 2007, another series of her lectures \"Yu Dan\'s Insights into Zhuangzi\" (于丹《庄子》心得) was broadcast to much acclaim. The transcript \"Yu Dan\'s Notes on Zhuangzi\" sold 15,000 copies on its first day of release on March 3. Crowds of people lined up outside the Zhongguancun Xinhua bookstore, waiting as many as eight hours in the rain, just to get Yu Dan\'s autograph.
## Criticisms
Yu managed to become a household name in China because she abridged the works of Confucius (551-479 B.C.) and Zhuangzi (369-286 B.C.) to make it appear relevant to laymen with \"colloquial re-wordings and vivid short stories\". In an interview with New York Times, Yu attributed the popularity of her work to the stresses of life in the fast-changing nation and to historical factors (paraphrased): \"Traditional thought has been criticized for so many years that there is genuine interest in rediscovering it.\" On the Baidu (《百度》) portal alone, there are over 20,000 posts on the [\"bulletin board\" named after her](http://tieba.baidu.com/f?kw=%D3%DA%B5%A4%BD%CC%CA%DA). \"White collar workers, college students, professors, migrant workers, community guards and retired grannies all had something to say.\"
Christian Caryl, writing in Hong Kong\'s *Muse* Magazine, has criticised Yu\'s book *Confucius from the heart: Ancient Wisdom for Today\'s World*: \'New-Agers in the West have made an industry out of freeze-drying non-Western religions until they\'re tasteless enough for the indiscriminate modern palate. Yu\'s book is the first time I\'ve seen a non-Westerner up to the same sort of thing
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