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Consequently, one of the fine points in the design of the present study is that we were required to select our control population among infants who were referred for an MRI scan with sedation because of a clinical indication.
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While the robot placed the flasks gently in the incubator carousel without disturbing the cells, as soon as the carousel was rotated, cell clumps moved under centrifugal force to concentrate in parts of the flask resulting in a heterogeneous distribution of the cell clumps/colonies in the flask; this in particular can result in the growth of differentiated colonies.
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Although the PVO mission covered an entire solar cycle the ionospheric measurements were largely restricted to a limited period close to solar maximum between 1978 and 1980 when the PVO periapsis was at a sufficiently low altitude to allow sampling of the ionosphere.
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To generate both normalized contrast maps used in the current study as well as contrast maps in native space for other uses, we first generated contrast maps in each individual's native space and then normalized the contrast maps to standard space.
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Since no highly-threaded, many-core machine allows an infinite number of threads, it is important to understand both (1) how many threads does a particular algorithm need to achieve PRAM performance, and (2) how does an algorithm perform when it has fewer threads than required to get PRAM performance?
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While this model is a good predictor of performance on computationally intensive programs, it does not properly capture the important characteristics of the memory hierarchy of modern machines.
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Although the PVO mission covered an entire solar cycle the ionospheric measurements were largely restricted to a limited period close to solar maximum between 1978 and 1980 when the PVO periapsis was at a sufficiently low altitude to allow sampling of the ionosphere.
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With the precautions described above and other procedures we took to insure normal auditory function and brain anatomy, this is perhaps the best control group that could be obtained for this age group in an ethical fashion.
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Focusing first on the 0° case (Fig. 8), in which the release is close to the ground (at z=0.0625 H) in the middle of the gap between the two middle cubes, it is clear that much of the material is captured in the wake region behind the upstream cube.
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While the location of the transition region is different for distinct GPU models, this general pattern is found in many applications.
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To take into account the small volumes of some reagents and to prevent inaccuracies of the dispensed volumes by a 10ml pipette or 1.6mm bore tubing, the media formulation was mixed manually.
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Although the PVO mission covered an entire solar cycle the ionospheric measurements were largely restricted to a limited period close to solar maximum between 1978 and 1980 when the PVO periapsis was at a sufficiently low altitude to allow sampling of the ionosphere.
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To further assess the quality of these cells when compared to manual protocols (T25Manual and T175Manual), expression of pluripotency markers was analyzed using qPCR and immunochemistry.
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Although the PVO mission covered an entire solar cycle the ionospheric measurements were largely restricted to a limited period close to solar maximum between 1978 and 1980 when the PVO periapsis was at a sufficiently low altitude to allow sampling of the ionosphere.
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Since we model some important machine parameters of these machines, we expect analysis under this model to provide a more fine-grained and accurate performance prediction than the PRAM analysis.
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To motivate this enterprise and to understand the importance of high thread counts on highly-threaded, many-core machines, let us consider a simple application that performs Bloom filter set membership tests on an input stream of biosequence data on GPUs [3].
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Of the four flasks/protocol versions (A-D) tested in the CompacT SelecT, C was the best protocol based on colony morphology and absence of differentiation 7 days after passage (Fig. 2).
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The observed dawn-dusk asymmetry was consistent with a nightward transport of ions while the noon-midnight observations indicated that the flow was highly variable but could contribute to the maintenance of the nightside ionosphere.
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These important brain regions provided clues about neuroimaging markers that may be relevant to the future use of functional neuroimaging to guide predictions about speech and language outcomes in HI infants who receive a cochlear implant.
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The observed dawn-dusk asymmetry was consistent with a nightward transport of ions while the noon-midnight observations indicated that the flow was highly variable but could contribute to the maintenance of the nightside ionosphere.
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This is consistent with the picture that material released at the initial source location moves horizontally into the wake region of adjacent buildings where it is then pushed up by the updraft flow visualised in Section 3.1.3 and then spread by the faster flow above the array.
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Indeed, these pluripotent stem cells could enable the production of patient specific cell types that are fully immuno-compatible with the original donor thereby avoiding the need for immune suppressive treatment after cell transplantation.
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Another advantage [5,6,8-10] is that due to their very small size, and hence large number, then a relatively low volume fraction of such nanoparticles can induce relatively extensive toughening of the epoxy polymer.
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A modelling study by Cravens et al. (1983) predicted that ions which crossed the terminator at altitudes below 500km recombined before reaching a SZA of 120°, whilst ions that crossed the terminator at 876km influenced the entire night sector.
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Owing to the generality of this argument, one would expect a similar behaviour in the far field for more complex building morphologies, for example with buildings of different heights - although the precise distance at which this occurs would likely depend on the details of the building arrangement, which determines the physical locations of the resulting secondary sources.
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This is probably due to the combined effect of more efficient mixing in those canyons due to the canyon vortex and less exposure to larger scale eddies, which are more likely to be present in the channels where they might cause meandering of the plume and hence greater intermittency.
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The ions were assumed to follow ballistic trajectories and theoretical calculations predicted that 80% of the ions that crossed the terminator had recombined with electrons before they reached a solar zenith angle (SZA) of 110°.
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In the nightside ionosphere they showed that precipitating electrons could contribute only ∼25% of the plasma densities observed and that changes in ionospheric densities were much more variable than, and not correlated with, changes in the flux of precipitating electrons (Spenner et al., 1981).
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On multi-core machines, context switch cost is high, and most models nominally assume that only one (or a small constant number of) thread(s) are running on each machine and this thread blocks when there is a memory access.
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Therefore, if there are enough threads, we should, in principle, be able to use PRAM algorithms on such machines, since we can ignore the effect of memory transfers which is exactly what PRAM model does.
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The plume's progress has been monitored by eight seismic surveys, as well as gravimetric and electromagnetic monitoring, which record the spreading of nine thin CO2 layers.
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This approach therefore predicts that only 14.3% of the nanoparticles present will debond, and this value is in excellent agreement with the value of 10-15% of those nanoparticles present debonding which was recorded via direct observations of the fracture surfaces.
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The observed dawn-dusk asymmetry was consistent with a nightward transport of ions while the noon-midnight observations indicated that the flow was highly variable but could contribute to the maintenance of the nightside ionosphere.
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A modelling study by Cravens et al. (1983) predicted that ions which crossed the terminator at altitudes below 500km recombined before reaching a SZA of 120°, whilst ions that crossed the terminator at 876km influenced the entire night sector.
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The plume's progress has been monitored by eight seismic surveys, as well as gravimetric and electromagnetic monitoring, which record the spreading of nine thin CO2 layers.
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Cells were successfully transferred between different sites representative of research and manufacturing settings; and passaged manually and using the CompacT SelecT automation platform.
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Here finite-element modelling has demonstrated that once one silica nanoparticle debonds then its nearest neighbours are shielded from the applied stress field, and hence may not debond.
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In the nightside ionosphere they showed that precipitating electrons could contribute only ∼25% of the plasma densities observed and that changes in ionospheric densities were much more variable than, and not correlated with, changes in the flux of precipitating electrons (Spenner et al., 1981).
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The observations presented were those made of the Venusian ionospheric plasma by the ASPERA-4 experiment onboard the Venus Express spacecraft, and which constitute the first extensive in-situ measurements of the plasma near solar minimum.
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The plume's progress has been monitored by eight seismic surveys, as well as gravimetric and electromagnetic monitoring, which record the spreading of nine thin CO2 layers.
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fMRI data were initially analyzed on a voxel-by-voxel basis to identify the activated brain regions using a standard pre-processing pipeline implemented in the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Image Processing Software (CCHIPS) (Schmithorst et al., 2010) written in IDL computer language.
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Along the plume centreline the mean concentration decreases very slowly whereas the r.m.s. concentration decreases more rapidly, hence the rapid decrease in the fluctuation intensity.
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For both machines, the pattern is quite similar, at low thread counts, the performance increases (roughly linearly) with the number of threads, up until a transition region, after which the performance no longer increases with increasing thread count.
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In order to transfer the culture protocol to the CompacT SelecT it was necessary to scale up from a T25 to a T175 flask, media volumes were scaled proportionally to flask surface area, and work within the restricted set of plasticware and the allowable positioning of the plasticware within the automated system (Fig. 1).
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The fractures are very unlikely to have been caused by CO2 injection given the confining stress of the rock and weak overpressure of the plume, and so fracturing must pre-date injection.
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This observation showed the importance of leaving the unattached cells in an undisturbed condition and that even the slightest movement can result in a heterogeneous distribution of the colonies.
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This appears to be a ubiquitous phenomenon, at least in the relatively high packing density regime investigated here, which is characteristic of city centres.
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The observations presented were those made of the Venusian ionospheric plasma by the ASPERA-4 experiment onboard the Venus Express spacecraft, and which constitute the first extensive in-situ measurements of the plasma near solar minimum.
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In the first version (A) of the automated protocol, several cell clumps were lost during the washing steps as the time for cell clumps to settle was insufficient, additionally several clumps were aspirated due to the pipette reaching close to the bottom of the flask when aspirating the enzymatic solution.
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It leads to the diversity of H-bonding pattern and helical pattern in molecular packing in crystal lattice in the viewpoint of supramolecular chemistry.
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The simulations were run with a time step of 0.00025T, spun up for a duration of approximately 200T to allow fully developed turbulence conditions and statistics were collected over an interval of approximately 100T.
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Additional structural figure, scheme, H-bond data and IR spectrum are available as electronic supplementary information in the online version, at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2013.04.038.
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Further up at z=0.80H (Fig. 2c) the flow pattern along the lower channel meanders between the alternate rows of buildings.
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The Sleipner storage site: Capillary flow modeling of a layered CO2 plume requires fractured shale barriers within the Utsira Formation
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There is a central peak associated with material coming directly from the original source, but there are also two stronger peaks on either side associated with the secondary sources.
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Hence, the maximum concentration at this height is not directly above the source block but one or two blocks downstream.
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Staggering the cube rows in the streamwise direction means that the flow is no longer symmetrical with respect to the 45° diagonal line through the array.
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• At x=0.14H (a little further into the canyon, Fig. 6b), we start seeing a weak updraft up the leeward face of the buildings.
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In these plots the plume is represented using 'smoke' visualisation and with the regions of highest concentration indicated by contour lines.
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The plasma flow from the subsolar region toward the nightside is primarily driven by the day-to-night pressure gradient (Knudsen et al., 1981).
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In these figures the location of each subplot corresponds to the actual location of the block that it pertains to, i.e. the distribution of subplots shows the actual layout of the array.
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The authors acknowledge the contributions of the following: 'Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia' (SFRH/BD/69033/2010) and the Cambridge Hospitals National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Center, EPSRC Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Regenerative Medicine and TAP Biosystems.
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Indeed, evidence indicates that hiPSC grown and harvested as single cells are more likely to acquire genetic anomalies (Amps et al., 2011).
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Elsewhere, for example in the upstream section of the lower channel at z=0.52H (Fig. 2b), much of the flow diverts into the side 'street' behind the building wake instead of proceeding downstream along the channel as one might expect.
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Plant available phosphorus levels were determined using two selected fertilizer recommendation systems: one from Hungary and one from the United Kingdom.
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The input variable consists of the following factors; cation exchange capacity (CEC), base saturation (BS), base sum, exchangeable aluminium (Al), calcium/magnesium (Ca/Mg), potassium (K) and P levels, sodium (Na) saturation and electrical conductivity.
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They had documented bilateral severe to profound hearing loss with average hearing thresholds in the range of 90dB or greater.
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In Fig. 13, the location of the source is in the block located at (i=4, j=7) and the mean wind is from left to right (0°).
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For many manual cell culture protocols, there is a centrifugation step to concentrate the cell suspension and allow for cells to be washed.
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One kind of the assembly mode is the neighbor helical chains linked by strong and right-handed helical H-bonding along b axis [O8-H80…O14 (1.741Å, 2.550Å, 176.33°), O14-H14B…O4 (1.969Å, 2.782Å, 168.51°), O9-H9B…O4 (2.173Å, 2.173Å, 168.27°)] (Fig. 2(b)).
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Such intermittent flow features drive turbulent exchanges between the channels along the forcing direction and the 'streets' perpendicular to it.
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There is a recirculation behind each face of the cubes, symmetrically disposed with respect to the 45° diagonal line through the cubes.
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For example, Propst and colleagues studied the activation pattern of HI with narrowband noise and speech-in-noise tasks (Propst et al., 2010).
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The simulations for the larger arrays typically took a few weeks in total to run on 124 dual-core 2.5GHz PowerPC 970MP processors.
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As seen in Section 3.1, the flow field in the arrays is highly unsteady in time as well as spatially inhomogeneous.
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Omduth Coceal gratefully acknowledges funding from the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) through their National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS) under grant no. R8/H12/83/002.
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According to a Hungarian advisory system there is a need for fertilizer P input in all regions of the EU.
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However, on an instantaneous basis, the flow in these channels is far from being linear along the direction of the forcing.
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The multiple and helical H-bonding is a distinctive way of chirality delivery from the discrete molecules to three-dimensional supramolecular architecture.
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However with the increased food demand, improved agrotechnology and availability of mineral P forms in the 20th and 21st centuries, fertilizer P application became the substantial source of soil P (Cordell et al., 2009).
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Preliminary work in this respect has been performed by the authors and is reported in Goulart (2012) and Belcher et al. (2013).
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(ii) 10ml pipettes were used instead of 1000μl tips when breaking the cell clumps to a desirable size (Fig. 2).
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One of the challenges of research in pediatric neuroimaging is that it is unethical to expose children to more than minimal risk for the purposes of research.
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These analyses showed high levels and homogenous expression of pluripotency markers and morphology characteristic of hiPSC for both manual and automated protocols (Fig. 3).
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Thus this platform can be used to expand and differentiate batches of cells to a tighter specification than manual cell culture (Liu et al., 2010).
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The mean flow structure around the buildings is found to exert a strong influence over the dispersion of material in the near field.
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In contrast, highly-threaded, many-core machines are explicitly designed to have a large number of threads per core and a fast context switching mechanism.
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How do concentration fluctuations vary around the area of a release? What is the order of magnitude of the fluctuating concentration compared to the mean concentration?
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Further, these 2D sheets are packed based on π-π stacking (3.3304Å) between on the ab plane combining with H-bonding [O14-H14A…O15 (1.890Å, 2.691Å, 164.53°); O14-H14B…O4 (1.969Å, 2.782Å, 168.51°)] (Fig. 2(c)).
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The domain size was 16H x 16H×16H in the horizontal and 8H in the vertical - see Fig. 1a and b.
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The three-dimensional structure of these flow features is especially pertinent and needs to be taken into account in models that aim to predict near-field concentrations.
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Besides other basic soil properties soil phosphorus (P) content of the samples were also measured in a single laboratory in both years.
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Streamlines from the two perpendicular streets upstream of the intersection come together and then diverge around the corner of the next building at the intersection, part of them feeding into a recirculation on the leeward face of the upstream buildings in the street perpendicular to the original flow direction and another part channelling into the far side of that same street.
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These aspects of near-field dispersion are documented by analysing data from direct numerical simulations in arrays of building-like obstacles and are related to the underlying flow structure.
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In this snapshot, at z=0.23H the whole plume is blown into the canyon region between the cubes in the y-direction and none in the x-direction.
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The path of the chirality delivery in the crystalline and chiral nucleotide-Co(II) complex, [Co(GMP)(H2O)5]·3H2O (GMP=guanosine-5′-monophosphate), has been studied based on X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis, liquid- and solid-state circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy.
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The relative roles of the recirculations and the channelling flow change with increasing height, as the recirculations reduce in size, coupled with stronger mean flow into the side streets.
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In this context, incorporating some of the current findings into street network models (Soulhac, 2000; Belcher, 2005; Hamlyn et al., 2007) offers an especially promising possibility.
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Two flask decappers and flask holders, automated medium pumping and an automatic cell counter (Cedex®, Roche Innovatis AG, Germany) are integrated within a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtered cabinet to ensure sterility.
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To date the most extensive set of in situ observations of the ionospheric plasma were obtained by Pioneer Venus Orbiter (PVO).
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References:

Daniel, R. (Creator), Groth, P. (Creator), Scerri, A. (Creator), Harper, C. A. (Creator), Vandenbussche, P. (Creator), Cox, J. (Creator) (2015). An Open Access Corpus of Scientific, Technical, and Medical Content. Github.

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