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the drug addiction of towelie a living and talking towel is growing so overwhelming that the south park children make attempts to help him towelie 's history is shown using head interviews and on @@ screen captions ( in a parody of intervention ) starting with years of drug addiction to cannabis crystal meth heroin and crack he previously had a girlfriend named rebecca and conceived a child with her ( a <unk> ) but he was kicked out of their home due to his persistently getting high having run out of money for hard drugs towelie starts getting high off of cans of computer duster his life continued in a downward spiral leaving him in heavy debt and offering oral sex to strangers for money in the alleys the boys help him get a job at lake <unk> a summer camp for children with physical and mental disabilities as a towel to dry off the campers however towelie persists in drug use and fellating strangers in the supply closet and is fired by the camp the boys confront towelie and make emotional speeches to him as a plea to help him from killing himself ( except for cartman who uses this opportunity to read what appears to be several tens of thousands of pages of anti @@ semitic remarks on television which the psychiatrist allows to continue in respect of the no interruptions rule ) towelie refuses their pleas until butters reveals he has brought towelie 's child <unk> which finally prompts him to accept the offer to go to a rehabilitation clinic in southern california later towelie reveals he has completed rehab and is now living with his girlfriend and son
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meanwhile at the summer camp young bully nathan and his lackey mimsy plot to destroy jimmy during the athletic competitions so nathan can be declared the camp 's champion this sub @@ plot is also narrated in the same style as intervention nathan uses mimsy as a minion to carry out his plans to harm jimmy but is repeatedly foiled by mimsy who either misinterprets his instructions or takes them too literally and causes his plans to backfire nathan tries to plant a black mamba in jimmy 's canoe during a race but mimsy instead leaves it in nathan 's canoe ( when told to put it in the canoe ) subsequently nathan tries to lead jimmy 's team into dangerous indian territory during a scavenger hunt but instead mimsy switches the maps and switches them again ( nathan demanded him to switch the maps switch the maps ) and leads nathan 's team there when nathan tries to use a whistle with a shark mating call against jimmy mimsy who was supposed to blow the whistle underwater instead swims in the water briefly then blows the whistle on land and a shark jumps out of the water and anally rapes nathan with its nine @@ inch long penis according to the colorado national wildlife association during the talent show nathan rigs jimmy 's ukulele with c @@ 4 hoping it will explode during a solo but when jimmy cannot perform the solo correctly mimsy starts to show jimmy the correct notes nathan interrupts and confronts mimsy about his failure to follow orders with a lapse of judgment nathan plays the correct notes and causes the ukulele to explode knocking him away before being further injured by his past plans attacking him again the ukulele solo is spoofing the looney tunes repeated use of the xylophone gag where the last note of believe me if all those endearing young charms is booby trapped but the protagonist always somehow manages to play it wrong nathan is subsequently escorted to an ambulance but is given the champion 's crown by jimmy nathan tells jimmy he hates him anyway before he is sent away to the hospital
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the episode ends with a message encouraging people who know towels in need of drug rehabilitation to visit restore stephen baldwin a real @@ life website seeking assistance for actor stephen baldwin
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= = production = =
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crippled summer was written and directed by series co @@ creator trey parker and was rated tv @@ ma l in the united states it originally aired on comedy central in the united states on april 28 2010 and served as the mid @@ season finale of the fourteenth season before a months @@ long hiatus for the series parker and fellow series co @@ creator matt stone originally planned for the tenth season episode a million little fibers to be about towelie 's struggle to overcome addiction in the style of the television series intervention with the children and residents of south park coming together to help him just as it was done in crippled summer however after writing portions of the story for the tenth season episode they found they did not know where to bring the story or how to resolve it as a result they completely revamped the episode and focused it on talk show host oprah winfrey and the controversy surrounding the james frey book a million little pieces rather than towelie 's addiction crippled summer also marked the first appearance by towelie since the a million little fibers and the first appearance of nathan jimmy 's handicapped nemesis since the eighth season episode up the down steroid
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= = cultural references = =
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crippled summer served as a parody of intervention the a & e network documentary series about people struggling with various addictions throughout the episode information about towelie 's drug addiction is presented on completely black screens with white letters this device is used frequently in intervention the interviews with towelie 's friends and footage of their pleas to get help are also characteristic of the reality series during one of towelie 's interviews he quotes feels like i 'm walking on sunshine after huffing air duster cans both the quote and his actions are from season 5 episode 9 of the tv reality series intervention where they interview allison many of the campers at lake <unk> are parodies of characters from the cartoon series looney tunes nathan and mimsy in particular are strongly influenced by rocky and mugsy with nathan taking on the role of the diminutive mastermind ( like rocky ) who is constantly thwarted by his large but dim @@ witted accomplice ( like mugsy ) other characters from the summer camp in the episode resemble cartoon characters such as elmer fudd pete puma droopy porky pig taz foghorn leghorn and beaky buzzard
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the episode ends with a reference to restore stephen baldwin a real @@ life website seeking to restore actor stephen baldwin 's career and solicit donations to repay his $ 2 @@ 3 million debt the joke compares towelie 's addiction and rehabilitation to that of baldwin who had a history of drug abuse before becoming a born @@ again christian a version of are you ready for the summer a camp theme song sung by children in the comedy film meatballs is featured the episode makes reference to actress kirstie alley when a counselor says towelie is the most troubled towel he had seen since alley 's towel who he said has seen some nasty stuff
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= = reception = =
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in its original american broadcast on april 29 2010 crippled summer was watched by 3 @@ 56 million viewers according to nielsen media research making it the most watched cable television show of the night it received a 2 @@ 2 rating / 4 share among overall viewers and a 2 @@ 0 rating / 6 share among adult viewers between ages 18 and 49 this rating marked an improvement over the previous south park episode 201 and outperformed those of several primetime network shows that evening including fox 's lie to me abc 's the middle nbc 's minute to win it cbs 's the new adventures of old christine and the cw network 's america 's next top model most of which were in repeats that evening crippled summer received a 4 @@ 1 rating / 13 share among male viewers between ages 18 and 34 the episode also ranked fourth for the week among cable viewers between ages 18 and 49 and because it ranked only behind three nba playoff games it was the highest @@ rated scripted cable show of the week crippled summer was the highest @@ rated cable show among the 18 34 viewer demographic
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crippled summer received mixed reviews ramsey isler of ign called crippled summer a brilliant episode particularly praising the return of towelie who he said has a slew of great moments in this story making up for his long absence from the series isler said after the controversy raised from the depictions of muhammad in the previous two episodes 200 and 201 he appreciated that the show returned to a simpler plot and provided a little comedy relief the av club writer josh modell also praised south park for not getting too caught up in the muhammad thing and praised the jokes about intervention which he said is one of those shows that 's really easy to parody he also praised several individual jokes like cartman 's theories about the jews and nathan getting raped by a shark although he said the mimsy jokes were a little one @@ note ken tucker of entertainment weekly said of the episode not the kind of south park episode that s going to stir national @@ news debate but funny and vulgar enough to satisfy fans
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carlos delgado of if magazine pointed out that although the episode mocked drug addicts and handicapped children it did not face the kind of censorship 200 and 201 did which he suggested proved that censorship was born of fear rather than ethics delgado also said the comparison of handicapped children to looney tunes characters should remind us all that such cruel portrayals of disabled people have been going on for years others criticized the episode mtv writer adam rosenberg thought the episode just wasn 't very funny and said it missed an opportunity to continue the creative edginess demonstrated in 200 and 201 rosenberg found the jokes about handicapped children pointlessly mean and said the fact that they are allowed where depictions of muhammad are censored makes a point about the absurdity of what is and isn 't tv @@ acceptable the television website tv fanatic praised the towelie storyline and the use of his son <unk> but said the jokes about the handicapped children were unfunny and irritating the site called it by far the weakest of the season and a disappointment following 200 and 201
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= = home release = =
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crippled summer along with the thirteen other episodes from south park 's fourteenth season were released on a three @@ disc dvd set and two @@ disc blu @@ ray set in the united states on april 26 2011
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= sweet tooth ( novel ) =
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sweet tooth is a novel by the english writer ian mcewan published on 21 august 2012 it deals with the experiences of its protagonist serena frome during the early 1970s after graduating from cambridge she is recruited by mi5 and becomes involved in a covert program to combat communism by infiltrating the intellectual world when she becomes romantically involved with her mark complications ensue
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mcewan wanted to write a novel dealing with the social turmoil of the 1970s and sweet tooth is to a large extent based on his own life the story explores the relationship between artistic integrity and government propaganda and addresses competing approaches to literature the boundary between reality and fiction is tested throughout the novel is dedicated to mcewan 's late friend christopher hitchens he is not referred to directly in the book but he did play a part as the host of a real @@ life literary event fictionalised in the book involving mcewan and martin amis who does appear in the story critical reception was mixed some reviewers found the novel moving and poignant while others saw it as weaker than much of mcewan 's previous work
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= = plot summary = =
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the plot is set in early @@ 1970s england serena frome ( rhymes with plume ) the daughter of an anglican bishop shows a talent for mathematics and is admitted to the university of cambridge but she struggles academically and graduates with a third while at cambridge she becomes romantically involved with tony canning a professor who before abruptly ending the affair secures a position for serena with mi5 the job is low @@ level but a more exciting opportunity appears when serena is offered a chance to take part in a new covert program codenamed sweet tooth to counter communist propaganda during the cold war the agency wants to offer financial assistance to young writers academics and journalists with an anti @@ communist bent serena who is an avid and quick reader of fiction is given the task of vetting burgeoning writer thomas haley
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serena is immediately taken by haley 's published short fiction she travels to the university of sussex where he works to offer him a stipend from the fictional freedom international foundation soon the two begin a romantic affair but things gradually start to unravel serena discovers that professor canning ( who it turns out broke off their affair only because he knew he was dying from cancer ) was in fact a soviet spy and she was recruited because the agency wanted to keep tabs on canning then when haley 's first novel comes out it is a great critical success but its dystopian anti @@ capitalist theme is not well received by the agency finally his affair with serena is exposed by the press and the whole sweet tooth program is threatened
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serena fears that she has lost haley 's love forever now he knows she has deceived him haley however had known about the program for months and instead of ending the affair had decided to turn the story into a novel the reader now discovers that the author of sweet tooth is in fact haley despite its being written from serena 's first @@ person perspective as the novel ends haley asks serena in a letter to marry him
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= = autobiographical elements = =
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several reviewers have pointed out that the thomas haley character shares many traits and biographical details with the author like haley mcewan studied at the university of sussex ( later also at the university of east anglia ) and not at one of the more prestigious oxbridge universities haley 's stories summarised briefly in the novel are in several cases strikingly similar to some of mcewan 's earlier work this goes particularly for haley 's dystopian début novel which closely follows the plot of two fragments a short story from mcewan 's 1978 in between the sheets the novel wins haley the fictional jane austen prize for fiction just as mcewan 's debut first love last rites was rewarded with the somerset maugham award in 1976 several of mcewan 's acquaintances from this period also make cameo appearances in the novel including his friend martin amis his first publisher tom maschler and his mentor ian hamilton
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mcewan has been open about the autobiographical elements in the book and has called it a muted and distorted autobiography and a muted or transmuted memoir of myself as a young writer there are however significant differences between author and character haley is both an academic and a writer of fiction while mcewan has been a professional author for his entire career the intelligence agency plot is also completely fictional there was never a scheme such as the one described in the book run by mi5 as mcewan says himself unfortunately a beautiful woman never came into my room and offered me a stipend
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= = genre and style = =
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sweet tooth is a love story a spy novel and a book about literature itself serena and her boyfriend haley she a well @@ read but uncritical lover of literature he a highly accomplished writer and literary scholar have different attitudes towards literature serena prefers a realist approach where life in the book reflects real life haley on the other hand is of a more modernist school and enjoys experimentation in his work mcewan plays with these differences firstly by placing himself in the novel and blurring the line between author and character and secondly by writing what appears to be a straight first @@ person narrative only to distort this perception at the very end
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= = themes = =
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mcewan had long wanted to write a novel about the 1970s a formative period in his life he refers to as the time of my life for the united kingdom it was a turbulent period with striking miners energy crisis escalation of the conflict over northern ireland repeated states of emergency and several shifts of government it was also the period of the cold war when western governments were trying to win the war of ideas against a highly radicalised intelligentsia operation sweet tooth is entirely fictional but the story is inspired by the actual scandal affecting the conservative literary magazine encounter which in 1967 was revealed to have received covert funding from the cia mcewan uses this back @@ story to explore the relationship between artist and government and the need for literature to remain independent according to mcewan the problem was not the anti @@ communist crusade itself but the secrecy with which it was conducted all that 's really required is that anything the state does in relation to the arts is laid on the table where we can see it
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= = critical reception = =
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lydia of the observer enjoyed the russian doll of the novel 's multiple layers and its keen emotional pull though she had certain misgivings along the way she felt that the last few pages answered all her questions and moved [ her ] almost to tears lucy kellaway of the financial times was taken by the stories within the story and though they tended to suck vivacity from the main narrative she saw this as a device to illuminate the different crafts of writing short stories and novels benjamin errett writing for the national post pointed out how mcewan had blended spy fiction and literary criticism to a combination that was both exciting and intellectually stimulating in reference to serena and tom 's different literary preferences he concluded that [ t ] his novel is juicy enough to satisfy them both
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other reviewers were less enthusiastic the daily telegraph 's catherine taylor found the protagonist a little too credulous she also found mcewan 's wilful narrative sadism sadly missing from the work the review in the economist was even more scathing referring to sweet tooth as not mr mcewan 's finest book the reviewer concluded that by the end it is hard to feel much of anything for these heroes who are all notions and no depth james lasdun of the guardian found that there were momentous political questions raised in the earlier parts of the novel which were not fully addressed by the end stylistically serena found herself caught in exactly the kind of narrative she disliked but asked lasdun to what end particularly the ending of the book was polarising kellaway saw it as a good excuse to go back to the beginning and read this rich and enjoyable novel all over again while another reviewer confessed that though the ending might be enough to send mcewan acolytes scurrying back through the novel to see how he did it it made me want to throw the book out the window
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the statistical journal significance analyses mcewan 's representation of the famous mathematical conundrum the monty hall problem
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= attention deficit hyperactivity disorder =
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attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( adhd ) is a mental disorder of the neurodevelopmental type it is characterized by problems paying attention excessive activity or difficulty controlling behavior which is not appropriate for a person 's age these symptoms begin by age six to twelve are present for more than six months and cause problems in at least two settings ( such as school home or recreational activities ) in children problems paying attention may result in poor school performance although it causes impairment particularly in modern society many children have a good attention span for tasks they find interesting
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despite being the most commonly studied and diagnosed mental disorder in children and adolescents the cause is unknown in the majority of cases the world health organization ( who ) estimated that it affected about 39 million people as of 2013 it affects about 5 7 of children when diagnosed via the dsm @@ iv criteria and 1 2 when diagnosed via the icd @@ 10 criteria rates are similar between countries and depend mostly on how it is diagnosed adhd is diagnosed approximately three times more in boys than in girls about 30 50 of people diagnosed in childhood continue to have symptoms into adulthood and between 2 5 of adults have the condition the condition can be difficult to tell apart from other disorders as well as to distinguish from high levels of activity that are still within the normal @@ range
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adhd management recommendations vary by country and usually involve some combination of counseling lifestyle changes and medications the british guideline only recommends medications as a first @@ line treatment in children who have severe symptoms and for medication to be considered in those with moderate symptoms who either refuse or fail to improve with counseling canadian and american guidelines recommend that medications and behavioral therapy be used together as a first @@ line therapy except in preschool @@ aged children stimulant therapy is not recommended as a first @@ line therapy in preschool @@ aged children in either guideline treatment with stimulants is effective for up to 14 months however its long term effectiveness is unclear adolescents and adults tend to develop coping skills which make up for some or all of their impairments
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the medical literature has described symptoms similar to adhd since the 19th century adhd its diagnosis and its treatment have been considered controversial since the 1970s the controversies have involved clinicians teachers policymakers parents and the media topics include adhd 's causes and the use of stimulant medications in its treatment most healthcare providers accept adhd as a genuine disorder and the debate in the scientific community mainly centers on how it is diagnosed and treated the condition was officially known as attention deficit disorder ( add ) from 1980 to 1987 while before this it was known as hyperkinetic reaction of childhood
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= = signs and symptoms = =
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<unk> hyperactivity ( restlessness in adults ) disruptive behavior and impulsivity are common in adhd academic difficulties are frequent as are problems with relationships the symptoms can be difficult to define as it is hard to draw a line at where normal levels of inattention hyperactivity and impulsivity end and significant levels requiring interventions begin
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according to the dsm @@ 5 symptoms must be present for six months or more to a degree that is much greater than others of the same age and they must cause significant problems functioning in at least two settings ( eg social school / work or home ) the full criteria must have been met prior to age 12 in order to receive a diagnosis of adhd
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adhd is divided into three subtypes predominantly inattentive predominantly hyperactive @@ impulsive and combined type
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an individual with adhd inattentive type has most or all of following symptoms excluding situations where these symptoms are better explained by another psychiatric or medical condition
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be easily distracted miss details forget things and frequently switch from one activity to another
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have difficulty maintaining focus on one task
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become bored with a task after only a few minutes unless doing something enjoyable
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have difficulty focusing attention on organizing and completing a task or learning something new
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have trouble completing or turning in homework assignments often losing things ( eg pencils toys assignments ) needed to complete tasks or activities
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not seem to listen when spoken to
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daydream become easily confused and move slowly
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have difficulty processing information as quickly and accurately as others
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struggle to follow instructions
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have trouble understanding minute details
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an individual with adhd hyperactive / impulsive type has most or all of the following symptoms excluding situations where these symptoms are better explained by another psychiatric or medical condition
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fidget and squirm in their seats
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talk nonstop
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dash around touching or playing with anything and everything in sight
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have trouble sitting still during dinner school doing homework and story time
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be constantly in motion
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have difficulty doing quiet tasks or activities
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be very impatient
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blurt out inappropriate comments show their emotions without restraint and act without regard for consequences
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have difficulty waiting for things they want or waiting their turns in games
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often interrupt conversations or others ' activities
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symptoms of hyperactivity tend to go away with age and turn into inner restlessness in teens and adults with adhd
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people with adhd are more likely to have problems with social skills such as social interaction and forming and maintaining friendships this is true for all subtypes about half of children and adolescents with adhd experience social rejection by their peers compared to 10 15 of non @@ adhd children and adolescents people with attention deficits are prone to having difficulty processing verbal and nonverbal language which can negatively affect social interaction they also may drift off during conversations and miss social cues
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difficulties managing anger are more common in children with adhd as are poor handwriting and delays in speech language and motor development although it causes significant impairment particularly in modern society many children with adhd have a good attention span for tasks they find interesting
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= = = associated disorders = = =
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in children adhd occurs with other disorders about ⅔ of the time some commonly associated conditions include
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learning disabilities have been found to occur in about 20 30 of children with adhd learning disabilities can include developmental speech and language disorders and academic skills disorders adhd however is not considered a learning disability but it very frequently causes academic difficulties
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tourette syndrome has been found to occur more commonly in the adhd population
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oppositional defiant disorder ( odd ) and conduct disorder ( cd ) which occur with adhd in about 50 and 20 of cases respectively they are characterized by antisocial behaviors such as stubbornness aggression frequent temper tantrums deceitfulness lying and stealing about half of those with hyperactivity and odd or cd develop antisocial personality disorder in adulthood brain imaging supports that conduct disorder and adhd are separate conditions
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