cchoi1022/wikitext-103-v1 · Datasets at Hugging Face

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everyone in the office tells andy that quitting is a foolish move and that he has no chance of achieving stardom andy eventually goes back on his decision and david allows him to stay on in a sales position however mere hours later andy feels that he is only sticking with his <unk> @@ mifflin job because it is safe and that he has to take a shot at achieving fame fearing his conviction will falter a second time he decides he cannot simply quit but get fired this proves difficult as he is unable to make himself go through with any offense more serious than defecating on david 's car andy bids farewell to his coworkers with an unexpectedly moving rendition of i will remember you prompting them to comment to the documentary crew that he may have star potential after all
meanwhile angela martin ( angela kinsey ) is evicted from her studio apartment after her cats were taken away by animal control she considers living in a tent in the woods prompting oscar martinez ( oscar nunez ) to offer her to stay with him until she gets back on her feet she finally accepts with gratitude as they set off to take angela 's things to oscar 's place oscar mentions her marriage to robert lipton and she breaks down into tears saying i love him however she denies she still has feelings for robert and claims she was talking about dwight

= = production = =

livin ' the dream was written by story editor niki schwartz @@ wright marking her second writing credit for the series after the earlier season episode lice it was directed by regular office director jeffrey blitz who last directed season eight 's gettysburg the episode was originally scheduled to air in its regular half @@ hour time slot but nbc later announced it would be expanded to fill an hour time slot beginning a half hour early although it still counts as one official episode similar to the earlier season episode moving on rogers noted that we knew the last two episodes would be hour @@ longs and the finale might even end up running longer but we still had a lot of great storytelling to do leading up to them and ' livin ' the dream ' was one that ultimately deserved to be an hour long episode as well

= = reception = =


= = = ratings = = =

livin ' the dream originally aired on may 2 2013 on nbc in its original american broadcast livin ' the dream was viewed by an estimated 3 @@ 51 million viewers and received a 1 @@ 8 rating / 5 share among adults between the ages of 18 and 49 this means that it was seen by 1 @@ 8 percent of all 18 to 49 @@ year @@ olds and 5 percent of all 18 to 49 @@ year @@ olds watching television at the time of the broadcast this marked a slight increase in the ratings from the previous episode paper airplane the episode ranked third in its first half @@ hour timeslot being beaten by an episode of the cbs comedy series two and a half men which received a 3 @@ 2 / 10 rating and an entry of the fox reality series american idol which scored a 2 @@ 6 / 9 rating the second half @@ hour ranked fourth in its timeslot being beaten by an episode of the abc series grey 's anatomy which scored a 3 @@ 0 / 9 rating an entry of the cbs series person of interest which garnered a 2 @@ 4 / 7 rating and installment of the fox series glee which received a 1 @@ 9 / 5 rating

= = = reviews = = =

livin ' the dream received positive reviews from television critics roth cornet of ign wrote that it pleases me greatly that at the conclusion of this super @@ sized episode i was left once again truly looking forward to seeing what these next few weeks and that final hour of the office will bring cornet praised the full @@ use of the ensemble particularly the phyllis and stanley lil ' romeo mini @@ debate and creed 's confused mimicking of dwight 's declaration cornet also called the dwight storyline perfectly executed as well as the jim @@ pam @@ dwight dynamic featured throughout the episode calling their companionship to be entirely earned she also praised kinsey 's performance during her character 's storyline and said her final scenes with oscar [ tugged ] at my heart @@ string she gave the episode an 8 @@ 5 out of 10 calling it great m giant of television without pity awarded the episode an a and wrote that almost everybody is having their best day in a long time in the best episode of the office in an even longer time
nick campbell of tvcom complimented the sentimental storylines in the episode specifically between jim pam and dwight he was positive towards jim and pam 's reconciliation but felt something hollow about their reunion he also noted that the jim @@ pam storyline caused the dwight @@ angela relationship to go darker alan sepinwall of hitfix gave the episode a slightly more mixed review writing that the non @@ andy parts of livin ' the dream were fairly interesting he appreciated the drama coming from angela 's desperation despite disagreeing with the logic in the situation sepinwall praised the jim @@ dwight dynamic in the episode considering it an enjoyable payoff and also praised jim and pam 's reconciliation particularly them annoying their co @@ workers with their flirting joshua alton of the av club was more negative towards the episode saying it felt padded @@ out to fill the full hour timeslot and that this episode might be the nadir for the show s hour @@ long installments he was complimentary towards the jim @@ pam storyline but felt there wasn t much happening beyond pam overhearing jim 's talk with darryl alton praised the dwight storyline and his dynamic with jim and pam calling it the true fan service alton gave the episode a c


= toniná =

<unk> ( or toniná in spanish orthography ) is a pre @@ columbian archaeological site and ruined city of the maya civilization located in what is now the mexican state of chiapas some 13 km ( 8 @@ 1 mi ) east of the town of ocosingo
the site is medium to large with groups of temple @@ pyramids set on terraces rising some 71 metres ( 233 ft ) above a plaza a large court for playing the mesoamerican ballgame and over 100 carved monuments most dating from the 6th century through the 9th centuries ad during the classic period toniná is distinguished by its well preserved stucco sculptures and particularly by its in @@ the @@ round carved monuments produced to an extent not seen in mesoamerica since the end of the much earlier olmec civilization
toniná was an aggressive state in the late classic using warfare to develop a powerful kingdom for much of its history toniná was engaged in sporadic warfare with palenque its greatest rival and one of the most important polities in the west of the maya region although toniná eventually became the dominant city in the west
the city is notable for having the last known long count date on any maya monument marking the end of the classic maya period in ad 909

= = etymology = =

toniná means house of stone in the tzeltal language of the local maya inhabitants an alternate interpretation is the place where stone sculptures are raised to honour time however this is a modern name and the original name was either po or popo appearing in classic maya texts in the title used for the kings of toniná k 'uhul po ' ajaw ( divine lord of po ) a maya rebellion in colonial times in 1558 featured a group called the po ' <unk> ' ( people of po ) early versions of the toniná emblem glyph bore a doubled po glyph and the term popo is also found in colonial records since double sounds were often abbreviated in hieroglyphic texts popo may represent the original name of the city

= = location = =

toniná is located at an altitude of 800 to 900 metres ( 2 @@ 600 to 3 @@ 000 ft ) above mean sea level in the chiapas highlands of southern mexico some 40 miles ( 64 km ) south of the contemporary maya city of palenque toniná 's greatest rival throughout its recorded history toniná is separated from palenque by mountainous terrain and the site core is located along an easily defended ascending limestone ridge immediately to the west of a seasonal tributary of the río <unk> one of the two rivers forming the ocosingo valley

= = rulers = =

rulers of toniná recorded in the maya script on toniná monuments include
the last known recorded date at the site is featured on monument 101 as 15 january 909 ce

= = history = =


= = = early classic = = =

toniná had a particularly active early classic presence although the early classic remains lie entirely buried under later construction due to this early texts are scarce and only offer a glimpse of the early history of the site an 8th @@ century text refers to a king ruling in ad 217 although it only mentions his title not his name
ruler 1 is depicted on a couple of early classic monuments the better preserved of which is an altar that dates to 514 a ruler known as jaguar bird <unk> is represented on a 6th @@ century stela which describes him acceding to the throne in 568
the first mention of toniná in a record from a foreign state is from the site of <unk> located 72 kilometres ( 45 mi ) to the northeast on the usumacinta river the text is from a throne and describes the capture of a person from toniná in 573

= = = late classic = = =


= = = = k 'inich hix chapat = = = =

toniná 's history comes into focus in the late classic when its historical record is more fully represented by hieroglyphic texts in 633 k 'inich hix chapat is recorded as installing two subordinate lords but little else is known of his reign although he was probably enthroned in 595 the last mention of k 'inich hix chapat is in a monument dated to 665 that appears to be a memorial stone

= = = = ruler 2 = = = =

ruler 2 acceded to the throne of toniná in 668 his rule is marked by warfare and the frequent depiction of bound captives on his monuments ruler 2 established the use of in @@ the @@ round sculptural style that came to typify the stelae of toniná a monument dated to 682 depicts three naked prisoners with their arms bound one of them is identified as a lord from <unk> ' an as yet unidentified site his reign may have ended with his defeat and capture by k 'inich kan balam ii of palenque in september 687 as described in a glyphic text from temple 17 in the rival city an event that probably culminated in his sacrifice

= = = = k 'inich b 'aaknal chaak = = = =

k 'inich b 'aaknal chaak was enthroned in 688 twenty years after ruler 2 and reigned for twenty @@ seven years during his reign he restored toniná 's power with a number of military victories over palenque and his reign was dominated by the struggle against the rival city for regional power ballcourt 1 the larger of toniná 's two ballcourts was dedicated in 699 to celebrate three victories over the city 's arch @@ rival the ballcourt originally had six sculptures of bound captives all vassals of the enemy palenque king from the usumacinta region the date of the king 's death is unknown

= = = = ruler 4 = = = =

ruler 4 came to power in 708 at a very young age three years later in 711 while ruler 4 was still a child toniná gained an important victory over palenque the battle resulted in the capture of kan joy chitam ii of palenque and made toniná the dominant centre in the lower usumacinta region the victory was so complete that it resulted in a ten @@ year gap in the dynastic history of the defeated city during which the captured ruler may have been held hostage ruler 4 continued in power to celebrate the period endings of 716 and 721 a captive depicted on one of his monuments is identified as being from the distant city of calakmul one of the two maya superpowers

= = = = k 'inich ich 'aak chapat = = = =

ruler 4 was succeeded by k 'inich ich 'aak chapat in 723 around 725 toniná fought a war against piedras negras a city on the north bank of the usumacinta river now in guatemala a series of events during his reign were marked on monuments between 726 and 729 and in 730 he rededicated the tomb of his predecessor k 'inich b 'aaknal chaak the mother of k 'inich ich 'aak chapat is named as lady <unk> <unk> k 'awiil and his father may well have been k 'inich b 'aaknal chaak himself the reign of k 'inich ich 'aak chapat is notable for the absence of the usual sculptures depicting bound war captives although the reason for this is unknown

= = = = later rulers = = = =

little is known of the next two rulers ruler 6 is named as k 'inich tuun chapat he celebrated the period ending of 736 and may have died 762 a damaged text accompanying the image of a bound captive indicates renewed warfare with palenque during his reign however the name of the prisoner is lost and it is unclear if it is the actual king of palenque or merely one of his vassals he was succeeded by ruler 7 about whom even less is known around 764 toniná defeated palenque in battle
in 775 a text recorded the death of lord wak chan k 'ak ' a prince who appears to have been the heir to the throne and who died before he could take power
ruler 8 was the last of the successful warrior kings of toniná he celebrated a series of events between 789 and 806 including the defeat of <unk> in 789 and the capture of the ruler ucha 'an aj chih who appears to have been the vassal of b 'olon k 'awiil of calakmul in 799 he rededicated the tomb of ruler 1 ruler 8 oversaw an extensive remodelling of the upper levels of the acropolis ruler 8 erected a number of sculptures of bound prisoners of war and adopted the title aj b 'olon b 'aak he of many captives however the lesser extent of toniná 's power is evident from its victory over the site of sak tz 'i ' ( white dog ) an important city in the lacandon region an area which had once been dominated by toniná
by the time of ruler 8 's successor uh chapat toniná was clearly in decline only a single event in 837 can be dated to his reign although a stucco mural depicting captives with <unk> at their throats may belong to his period of rule
the history of toniná continued after most other classic maya cities had fallen perhaps aided by the site 's relative isolation ruler 10 is associated with a monument dating to 904 in the terminal classic and a monument dating to 909 bears the last known long count date although the name of the king has not survived ceramic fragments indicate that occupation at the site continued for another century or more

= = = modern history = = =

the first published account of the ruins was made by fray jacinto garrido at the end of the 17th century a number of visitors investigated the ruins of toniná in the 19th century the first being an expedition led by guillaume <unk> in 1808 john lloyd stephens and frederick catherwood visited in 1840 and stephens wrote an extensive description of the site eduard <unk> and <unk> <unk> @@ sachs investigated the monuments at toniná publishing their reports at the turn of the 20th century karl sapper visited the site in 1895 and 1896 frans blom and oliver la farge investigated the site in 1920s for tulane university publishing their reports in 1926 1927
the french toniná project began excavations in 1972 which continued through 1975 then resumed in 1979 to 1980 under the direction of pierre <unk> and claude baudez the national institute of anthropology and history of mexico ( inah the instituto nacional de <unk> e historia ) began their own excavations at toniná the following year
the site is accessible for tourism and has a small museum that was inaugurated on 15 july 2000

= = site description = =

the site was built on a platform covering 6 hectares ( 650 @@ 000 sq ft ) the principal architecture is located in the acropolis which occupies seven south @@ facing terraces on the northern side of the platform rising 71 metres ( 233 ft ) over the plaza below it has a more distinct geometry than at most maya sites with a right @@ angle relationship between most structures
much of the public imagery of the site details the ruthless manner in which the city dealt with its enemies a 16 by 4 metres ( 52 by 13 ft ) stucco sculpture rising from the fourth to fifth terraces depicts a skeletal death god carrying the severed head of a lord of palenque in one hand a frieze on the fifth terrace probably displayed toniná 's most distinguished victims dozens of fragments of this frieze were discovered in the plaza below this frieze was carved from the local sandstone but its style is that of palenque suggesting that captured artists carried out the work
after the abandonment of the city at the end of the classic period many of the sculptures fell down the steep embankment supporting the seven terraces

= = = structures = = =

ballcourt 1 ( the sunken ballcourt ) was dedicated in 699 by k 'inich b 'aaknal chaak to mark three victories over k 'inich kan balam ii of palenque sculptures of the torsos of six captured vassals of the palenque king were used as ballcourt markers one of these vassals is named as yax ahk ( green turtle ) who was the lord of <unk> te ' a site that probably lay on the south side of the usumacinta between piedras negras and <unk>
ballcourt 2 is the smaller of the two ballcourts and lies in the north of the plaza at the foot of the acropolis
the palace of the underworld is entered via three step @@ vaulted arches on the eastern side of the second terrace of the acropolis
the palace of frets is located on the fourth terrace of the acropolis the south facade of the palace is decorated with four large stepped frets on the east side of the palace a stairway leads to a decorated throne of stone and stucco one of the rooms of the palace contains a stucco decoration representing feathered serpents and crossed bones

= = = monuments and sculptures = = =

everyone in the office tells andy that quitting is a foolish move and that he has no chance of achieving stardom andy eventually goes back on his decision and david allows him to stay on in a sales position however mere hours later andy feels that he is only sticking with his <unk> @@ mifflin job because it is safe and that he has to take a shot at achieving fame fearing his conviction will falter a second time he decides he cannot simply quit but get fired this proves difficult as he is unable to make himself go through with any offense more serious than defecating on david 's car andy bids farewell to his coworkers with an unexpectedly moving rendition of i will remember you prompting them to comment to the documentary crew that he may have star potential after all

meanwhile angela martin ( angela kinsey ) is evicted from her studio apartment after her cats were taken away by animal control she considers living in a tent in the woods prompting oscar martinez ( oscar nunez ) to offer her to stay with him until she gets back on her feet she finally accepts with gratitude as they set off to take angela 's things to oscar 's place oscar mentions her marriage to robert lipton and she breaks down into tears saying i love him however she denies she still has feelings for robert and claims she was talking about dwight

= = production = =

livin ' the dream was written by story editor niki schwartz @@ wright marking her second writing credit for the series after the earlier season episode lice it was directed by regular office director jeffrey blitz who last directed season eight 's gettysburg the episode was originally scheduled to air in its regular half @@ hour time slot but nbc later announced it would be expanded to fill an hour time slot beginning a half hour early although it still counts as one official episode similar to the earlier season episode moving on rogers noted that we knew the last two episodes would be hour @@ longs and the finale might even end up running longer but we still had a lot of great storytelling to do leading up to them and ' livin ' the dream ' was one that ultimately deserved to be an hour long episode as well

= = reception = =

= = = ratings = = =

livin ' the dream originally aired on may 2 2013 on nbc in its original american broadcast livin ' the dream was viewed by an estimated 3 @@ 51 million viewers and received a 1 @@ 8 rating / 5 share among adults between the ages of 18 and 49 this means that it was seen by 1 @@ 8 percent of all 18 to 49 @@ year @@ olds and 5 percent of all 18 to 49 @@ year @@ olds watching television at the time of the broadcast this marked a slight increase in the ratings from the previous episode paper airplane the episode ranked third in its first half @@ hour timeslot being beaten by an episode of the cbs comedy series two and a half men which received a 3 @@ 2 / 10 rating and an entry of the fox reality series american idol which scored a 2 @@ 6 / 9 rating the second half @@ hour ranked fourth in its timeslot being beaten by an episode of the abc series grey 's anatomy which scored a 3 @@ 0 / 9 rating an entry of the cbs series person of interest which garnered a 2 @@ 4 / 7 rating and installment of the fox series glee which received a 1 @@ 9 / 5 rating

= = = reviews = = =

livin ' the dream received positive reviews from television critics roth cornet of ign wrote that it pleases me greatly that at the conclusion of this super @@ sized episode i was left once again truly looking forward to seeing what these next few weeks and that final hour of the office will bring cornet praised the full @@ use of the ensemble particularly the phyllis and stanley lil ' romeo mini @@ debate and creed 's confused mimicking of dwight 's declaration cornet also called the dwight storyline perfectly executed as well as the jim @@ pam @@ dwight dynamic featured throughout the episode calling their companionship to be entirely earned she also praised kinsey 's performance during her character 's storyline and said her final scenes with oscar [ tugged ] at my heart @@ string she gave the episode an 8 @@ 5 out of 10 calling it great m giant of television without pity awarded the episode an a and wrote that almost everybody is having their best day in a long time in the best episode of the office in an even longer time

nick campbell of tvcom complimented the sentimental storylines in the episode specifically between jim pam and dwight he was positive towards jim and pam 's reconciliation but felt something hollow about their reunion he also noted that the jim @@ pam storyline caused the dwight @@ angela relationship to go darker alan sepinwall of hitfix gave the episode a slightly more mixed review writing that the non @@ andy parts of livin ' the dream were fairly interesting he appreciated the drama coming from angela 's desperation despite disagreeing with the logic in the situation sepinwall praised the jim @@ dwight dynamic in the episode considering it an enjoyable payoff and also praised jim and pam 's reconciliation particularly them annoying their co @@ workers with their flirting joshua alton of the av club was more negative towards the episode saying it felt padded @@ out to fill the full hour timeslot and that this episode might be the nadir for the show s hour @@ long installments he was complimentary towards the jim @@ pam storyline but felt there wasn t much happening beyond pam overhearing jim 's talk with darryl alton praised the dwight storyline and his dynamic with jim and pam calling it the true fan service alton gave the episode a c

= toniná =

<unk> ( or toniná in spanish orthography ) is a pre @@ columbian archaeological site and ruined city of the maya civilization located in what is now the mexican state of chiapas some 13 km ( 8 @@ 1 mi ) east of the town of ocosingo

the site is medium to large with groups of temple @@ pyramids set on terraces rising some 71 metres ( 233 ft ) above a plaza a large court for playing the mesoamerican ballgame and over 100 carved monuments most dating from the 6th century through the 9th centuries ad during the classic period toniná is distinguished by its well preserved stucco sculptures and particularly by its in @@ the @@ round carved monuments produced to an extent not seen in mesoamerica since the end of the much earlier olmec civilization

toniná was an aggressive state in the late classic using warfare to develop a powerful kingdom for much of its history toniná was engaged in sporadic warfare with palenque its greatest rival and one of the most important polities in the west of the maya region although toniná eventually became the dominant city in the west

the city is notable for having the last known long count date on any maya monument marking the end of the classic maya period in ad 909

= = etymology = =

toniná means house of stone in the tzeltal language of the local maya inhabitants an alternate interpretation is the place where stone sculptures are raised to honour time however this is a modern name and the original name was either po or popo appearing in classic maya texts in the title used for the kings of toniná k 'uhul po ' ajaw ( divine lord of po ) a maya rebellion in colonial times in 1558 featured a group called the po ' <unk> ' ( people of po ) early versions of the toniná emblem glyph bore a doubled po glyph and the term popo is also found in colonial records since double sounds were often abbreviated in hieroglyphic texts popo may represent the original name of the city

= = location = =

toniná is located at an altitude of 800 to 900 metres ( 2 @@ 600 to 3 @@ 000 ft ) above mean sea level in the chiapas highlands of southern mexico some 40 miles ( 64 km ) south of the contemporary maya city of palenque toniná 's greatest rival throughout its recorded history toniná is separated from palenque by mountainous terrain and the site core is located along an easily defended ascending limestone ridge immediately to the west of a seasonal tributary of the río <unk> one of the two rivers forming the ocosingo valley

= = rulers = =

rulers of toniná recorded in the maya script on toniná monuments include

the last known recorded date at the site is featured on monument 101 as 15 january 909 ce

= = history = =

= = = early classic = = =

toniná had a particularly active early classic presence although the early classic remains lie entirely buried under later construction due to this early texts are scarce and only offer a glimpse of the early history of the site an 8th @@ century text refers to a king ruling in ad 217 although it only mentions his title not his name

ruler 1 is depicted on a couple of early classic monuments the better preserved of which is an altar that dates to 514 a ruler known as jaguar bird <unk> is represented on a 6th @@ century stela which describes him acceding to the throne in 568

the first mention of toniná in a record from a foreign state is from the site of <unk> located 72 kilometres ( 45 mi ) to the northeast on the usumacinta river the text is from a throne and describes the capture of a person from toniná in 573

= = = late classic = = =

= = = = k 'inich hix chapat = = = =

toniná 's history comes into focus in the late classic when its historical record is more fully represented by hieroglyphic texts in 633 k 'inich hix chapat is recorded as installing two subordinate lords but little else is known of his reign although he was probably enthroned in 595 the last mention of k 'inich hix chapat is in a monument dated to 665 that appears to be a memorial stone

= = = = ruler 2 = = = =

ruler 2 acceded to the throne of toniná in 668 his rule is marked by warfare and the frequent depiction of bound captives on his monuments ruler 2 established the use of in @@ the @@ round sculptural style that came to typify the stelae of toniná a monument dated to 682 depicts three naked prisoners with their arms bound one of them is identified as a lord from <unk> ' an as yet unidentified site his reign may have ended with his defeat and capture by k 'inich kan balam ii of palenque in september 687 as described in a glyphic text from temple 17 in the rival city an event that probably culminated in his sacrifice

= = = = k 'inich b 'aaknal chaak = = = =

k 'inich b 'aaknal chaak was enthroned in 688 twenty years after ruler 2 and reigned for twenty @@ seven years during his reign he restored toniná 's power with a number of military victories over palenque and his reign was dominated by the struggle against the rival city for regional power ballcourt 1 the larger of toniná 's two ballcourts was dedicated in 699 to celebrate three victories over the city 's arch @@ rival the ballcourt originally had six sculptures of bound captives all vassals of the enemy palenque king from the usumacinta region the date of the king 's death is unknown

= = = = ruler 4 = = = =

ruler 4 came to power in 708 at a very young age three years later in 711 while ruler 4 was still a child toniná gained an important victory over palenque the battle resulted in the capture of kan joy chitam ii of palenque and made toniná the dominant centre in the lower usumacinta region the victory was so complete that it resulted in a ten @@ year gap in the dynastic history of the defeated city during which the captured ruler may have been held hostage ruler 4 continued in power to celebrate the period endings of 716 and 721 a captive depicted on one of his monuments is identified as being from the distant city of calakmul one of the two maya superpowers

= = = = k 'inich ich 'aak chapat = = = =

ruler 4 was succeeded by k 'inich ich 'aak chapat in 723 around 725 toniná fought a war against piedras negras a city on the north bank of the usumacinta river now in guatemala a series of events during his reign were marked on monuments between 726 and 729 and in 730 he rededicated the tomb of his predecessor k 'inich b 'aaknal chaak the mother of k 'inich ich 'aak chapat is named as lady <unk> <unk> k 'awiil and his father may well have been k 'inich b 'aaknal chaak himself the reign of k 'inich ich 'aak chapat is notable for the absence of the usual sculptures depicting bound war captives although the reason for this is unknown

= = = = later rulers = = = =

little is known of the next two rulers ruler 6 is named as k 'inich tuun chapat he celebrated the period ending of 736 and may have died 762 a damaged text accompanying the image of a bound captive indicates renewed warfare with palenque during his reign however the name of the prisoner is lost and it is unclear if it is the actual king of palenque or merely one of his vassals he was succeeded by ruler 7 about whom even less is known around 764 toniná defeated palenque in battle

in 775 a text recorded the death of lord wak chan k 'ak ' a prince who appears to have been the heir to the throne and who died before he could take power

ruler 8 was the last of the successful warrior kings of toniná he celebrated a series of events between 789 and 806 including the defeat of <unk> in 789 and the capture of the ruler ucha 'an aj chih who appears to have been the vassal of b 'olon k 'awiil of calakmul in 799 he rededicated the tomb of ruler 1 ruler 8 oversaw an extensive remodelling of the upper levels of the acropolis ruler 8 erected a number of sculptures of bound prisoners of war and adopted the title aj b 'olon b 'aak he of many captives however the lesser extent of toniná 's power is evident from its victory over the site of sak tz 'i ' ( white dog ) an important city in the lacandon region an area which had once been dominated by toniná

by the time of ruler 8 's successor uh chapat toniná was clearly in decline only a single event in 837 can be dated to his reign although a stucco mural depicting captives with <unk> at their throats may belong to his period of rule

the history of toniná continued after most other classic maya cities had fallen perhaps aided by the site 's relative isolation ruler 10 is associated with a monument dating to 904 in the terminal classic and a monument dating to 909 bears the last known long count date although the name of the king has not survived ceramic fragments indicate that occupation at the site continued for another century or more

= = = modern history = = =

the first published account of the ruins was made by fray jacinto garrido at the end of the 17th century a number of visitors investigated the ruins of toniná in the 19th century the first being an expedition led by guillaume <unk> in 1808 john lloyd stephens and frederick catherwood visited in 1840 and stephens wrote an extensive description of the site eduard <unk> and <unk> <unk> @@ sachs investigated the monuments at toniná publishing their reports at the turn of the 20th century karl sapper visited the site in 1895 and 1896 frans blom and oliver la farge investigated the site in 1920s for tulane university publishing their reports in 1926 1927

the french toniná project began excavations in 1972 which continued through 1975 then resumed in 1979 to 1980 under the direction of pierre <unk> and claude baudez the national institute of anthropology and history of mexico ( inah the instituto nacional de <unk> e historia ) began their own excavations at toniná the following year

the site is accessible for tourism and has a small museum that was inaugurated on 15 july 2000

= = site description = =

the site was built on a platform covering 6 hectares ( 650 @@ 000 sq ft ) the principal architecture is located in the acropolis which occupies seven south @@ facing terraces on the northern side of the platform rising 71 metres ( 233 ft ) over the plaza below it has a more distinct geometry than at most maya sites with a right @@ angle relationship between most structures

much of the public imagery of the site details the ruthless manner in which the city dealt with its enemies a 16 by 4 metres ( 52 by 13 ft ) stucco sculpture rising from the fourth to fifth terraces depicts a skeletal death god carrying the severed head of a lord of palenque in one hand a frieze on the fifth terrace probably displayed toniná 's most distinguished victims dozens of fragments of this frieze were discovered in the plaza below this frieze was carved from the local sandstone but its style is that of palenque suggesting that captured artists carried out the work

after the abandonment of the city at the end of the classic period many of the sculptures fell down the steep embankment supporting the seven terraces

= = = structures = = =

ballcourt 1 ( the sunken ballcourt ) was dedicated in 699 by k 'inich b 'aaknal chaak to mark three victories over k 'inich kan balam ii of palenque sculptures of the torsos of six captured vassals of the palenque king were used as ballcourt markers one of these vassals is named as yax ahk ( green turtle ) who was the lord of <unk> te ' a site that probably lay on the south side of the usumacinta between piedras negras and <unk>

ballcourt 2 is the smaller of the two ballcourts and lies in the north of the plaza at the foot of the acropolis

the palace of the underworld is entered via three step @@ vaulted arches on the eastern side of the second terrace of the acropolis

the palace of frets is located on the fourth terrace of the acropolis the south facade of the palace is decorated with four large stepped frets on the east side of the palace a stairway leads to a decorated throne of stone and stucco one of the rooms of the palace contains a stucco decoration representing feathered serpents and crossed bones

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