cchoi1022/wikitext-103-v1 · Datasets at Hugging Face

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= = = health care = = =

sarnia is served by bluewater health a hospital with 188 acute care beds 70 complex continuing care beds and 27 rehabilitation beds the hospital opened in 2010 following the amalgamation of several smaller facilities bluewater health was recently recognized by healthcare insurance reciprocal of canada one of the country 's largest hospital insurers for its continued improvement in patient safety and care quality

= = culture = =


= = = music theatre and arts = = =

sarnia 's musical and theatrical presence in southern ontario is significant the international symphony orchestra plays at the imperial theatre for an annual season lasting from september to april in addition to symphonic concerts the imperial theatre offers year @@ round dramatic productions michael learned played the lead in driving miss daisy at the theatre in 2010 former max webster frontman kim mitchell has returned to his hometown on occasion to play a concert including his visit in 2008 for sarnia 's popular <unk> a competition where local amateur chefs share their recipes for barbecued ribs and compete against each other canadian composer and music educator raymond murray schafer was born in sarnia and developed his radical <unk> techniques there musicians and groups such as aerosmith kiss keith urban john bon jovi and rascal flatts have played at sarnia bayfest in the past the sarnia bayfest which was preceded by the festival by the bay is an annual concert festival that features big @@ name rock and country bands typically during the second or third weekend of july 2013 would have marked the fifteenth anniversary of the annual festival but financial problems caused the event 's cancellation prior to december 2013 organizers stated that it is not the end and that they planned on coming back on solid financial footing sometime in the future as of december 2013 however bayfest organizers indicated they planned on merging with the international powerboat festival for a joint event in 2015
besides the single museum in sarnia proper six other museums in the local area document sarnia 's history including its legacy as the home of the north american oil industry gallery lambton offers 12 annual art exhibitions in 2012 the judith and norman alex art gallery opened it is an international category a art gallery
during the christmas season the city of sarnia presents the annual celebration of lights in centennial park the event was created in 1984 by dr wills <unk> and a committee funded by the retail chain hudson 's bay and the national telecommunications company telus from modest beginnings the event has garnered numerous awards as it has grown including second place in the 2002 canadian government 's canada <unk> competition the celebration was incorporated in its national prizewinning year and is now run by a voluntary board of directors

= = attractions = =

there are over 100 parks in sarnia the largest being canatara park which covers over 200 acres along the shore of lake huron canatara is an ojibwe word that means blue water the park was opened 24 may 1933 within the park is lake <unk> a haven for 280 different species of birds on their migration routes the park also maintains a children 's animal farm as part of sarnia 's commitment to wildlife the annual christmas on the farm weekend event held at the farm in early december is a popular community event enjoyed by families canatara park is one of the first parks in southern ontario to feature an outdoor fitness equipment installation
the largest recreational park in sarnia is germain park which incorporates five baseball diamonds four soccer fields an outdoor pool and the community gardens as a memorial to canadian aviators who gave their lives in world war ii one of the remaining canadair sabres in canada is on display in the park
centennial park was opened on dominion day in 1967 as part of canada 's centenary celebrations the city of sarnia decided in 2013 to close much of centennial park after the discovery of toxic lead and asbestos in the soil
sarnia has one remaining museum within its city limits stones ' n bones which houses over 6 @@ 000 exhibits the collection includes rocks artifacts fossils and bones from all over the world a previous museum the discovery house museum has been converted into to a hospice this historic house built between 1869 and 1875 is recognised as a testament to victorian era construction
the city 's sandy fresh water beaches are a popular tourist attraction while the sheltered harbour houses marinas for recreational sailing since 1925 the 400 km ( 250 mi ) mackinac race from sarnia / port huron to mackinac island at the north end of the lake has been the highlight of the sailing season drawing more than 3 @@ 000 sailors each year
sarnia 's fresh @@ cut fries are another popular tourist attraction and thousands of visitors annually visit the chip trucks parked under the blue water bridge niagara @@ based cookbook author and food e @@ magazine publisher lynn <unk> visited the chip trucks in august 2012 and stated i was blown away by sarnia not only by the city 's waterfront where the chip trucks are located but also by the chip trucks themselves she also published an article in her e @@ magazine the ontario table recognizing the outstanding quality of the fresh @@ cut fries guelph @@ based travel writer pat brennan also recognized the quality of sarnia 's fries in his 2007 piece sarnia <unk> best fries in the world in 2012 sarnia officials even created a special detour to reach the chip trucks during a period of construction realizing the popularity of sarnia 's chip trucks the ontario medical association includes them in a campaign to have fries and other junk food labelled for being dangerous in the same manner as cigarettes

= = sports = =

sarnia is home to the sarnia sting a junior ice hockey team in the ontario hockey league dino ciccarelli a former nhl player was a part owner of the team former sting player steven stamkos was selected first overall in the 2008 nhl entry draft by the tampa bay lightning and was followed by nail <unk> in 2012 sarnia is also home to the sarnia legionnaires ice hockey team which plays in the greater ontario junior hockey league the team is successor to the sarnia legionnaires ( 1954 1970 ) who won five western jr ' b ' championships and four sutherland cups during 16 seasons in the ontario hockey association
sarnia has a successful tradition in canadian football as members of the ontario rugby football union the local team sarnia imperials twice won the grey cup in 1934 and 1936 the modern sarnia imperials are a semi @@ professional team playing in the northern football conference
the sarnia @@ born world champion curler steve bice played as alternate for the glenn howard rink in the 2007 tim hortons brier and 2007 ford world men 's curling championship winning both times

= = government = =

sarnia city council consists of nine elected members the mayor four members from the city and four members from the county the mayor and all council members are elected to four @@ year terms the four lambton county council members serve both county and city council
the current mayor mike bradley has held the position since december 1988 and is currently the second longest @@ serving mayor in the province of ontario behind milton 's gord krantz past mayors of the city have included andy brandt <unk> <unk> paul blundy thomas george johnston and alexander mackenzie the second prime minister of canada
at the provincial level sarnia is located within the sarnia lambton provincial electoral district represented in 2013 by bob bailey a member of the progressive conservative party of ontario at the federal level sarnia is located within the sarnia lambton federal electoral district which in 2013 was represented by patricia davidson of the conservative party of canada
over the past 50 years sarnia 's voters have been moderate and the party affiliation of its members of parliament both provincial and federal has swung back and forth largely between the liberal and progressive conservative parties ( a new democrat was elected in their 1990 provincial wave )

= = education = =

the lambton kent district school board is responsible for the 13 elementary and four secondary public schools ( northern collegiate institute and vocational school alexander mackenzie secondary school sarnia collegiate institute & technical school and st clair secondary school ) located within sarnia 's boundaries
the st clair catholic district school board is responsible for the city 's seven elementary and two secondary catholic schools ( st christopher 's and st patrick 's ) in 2014 st patrick 's and st christopher 's merged under the st patrick 's name on st christopher 's north sarnia site
the conseil scolaire catholique de providence ( csc providence ) represents the two french catholic schools in the city saint @@ françois @@ xavier and saint @@ thomas @@ d 'aquin while the conseil scolaire viamonde operates two french public schools the elementary école les rapides and the secondary école <unk> franco @@ jeunesse there are also two independent christian elementary schools in sarnia sarnia christian school and temple christian academy
lambton college which offers two @@ year programs and diplomas is one of ontario 's 21 colleges of applied arts and technology it has a full @@ time enrolment of 3 @@ 500 and a part @@ time enrolment of about 8 @@ 000 it is the city 's only post @@ secondary school

= = media = =

there are four radio stations that originate from sarnia although other stations rebroadcast their signal there notably <unk> @@ fm a first nations produced station from kettle point and <unk> @@ fm and <unk> @@ 3 @@ fm simulcasts of cbc radio one and ici radio @@ canada première respectively from windsor ontario
chok country / news / sports
<unk> @@ fm the fox adult contemporary
chok @@ 1 @@ fm ( <unk> of chok am )
<unk> @@ fm active rock
sarnia does not have a network television station of its own although it has a community channel on cogeco which is the cable television provider in sarnia cable systems pipe in stations from kitchener and toronto
the city 's main daily newspaper is the sarnia observer owned by postmedia which purchased sun media in 2014 for $ 316 million a weekly newspaper called the sarnia journal began distribution in march 2014 it is distributed to 30 @@ 000 households in sarnia bright s grove point edward and corunna the community publications sarnia this week lambton county smart shopper and business trends are owned by bowes publishing the monthly business oriented newspaper first monday is owned by huron web printing and graphics lambton shield publishing has been in operation since november 2010 and runs an on @@ line only news website <unk> delivering local news and services to the sarnia @@ lambton area there are two magazines currently published in sarnia business trends and report on industry business trends is distributed through city hall and report on industry is sent to executives in surrounding businesses report on industry articles are available online

= = notable people = =

among sarnia 's distinguished residents are retired canadian space agency astronaut chris hadfield who flew on two nasa space shuttle missions and served as the first canadian commander of the international space station during expedition 35 the nobel laureate george andrew olah moved to sarnia from his native hungary to join dow chemical in 1957 james doohan the well @@ known star trek actor attended high school in sarnia harmonica virtuoso mike stevens still lives in sarnia and tours all over the world he is also notable for his extensive work with aboriginal youth many notable <unk> are athletes and others associated with sports such as nhl hall of famer dino ciccarelli former nhl star pat verbeek retired nhl referee kerry fraser current nhl star steven stamkos champion curler steve bice and golfer mike weir who was the 2003 masters champion dominique pegg a sarnia gymnast won a bronze medal in floor exercise at the world cup event in cottbus in march 2012 the honourable alexander mackenzie second prime minister of canada was buried at lakeview cemetery sarnia where a monument has been erected the 1910s 1930s actress marie prevost was also born there katherine ryan comedian writer presenter and actress was born in sarnia in 1983 she now resides in london england


= french cruiser sully =

the french cruiser sully was an armored cruiser of the gloire class that was built for the french navy in the early 1900s she was named in honor of maximilien de béthune duke of sully trusted minister of king henry iv the ship struck a rock in hạ long bay french indochina in 1905 only eight months after she was completed and was a total loss

= = design and description = =

the gloire @@ class ships were designed as enlarged and improved versions of the gueydon @@ class armored cruisers by emile bertin her crew numbered 612 officers and men the ship measured 139 @@ 8 meters ( 458 ft 8 in ) overall with a beam of 20 @@ 2 meters ( 66 ft 3 in ) sully had a draft of 7 @@ 7 meters ( 25 ft 3 in ) and displaced 10 @@ 014 metric tons ( 9 @@ 856 long tons )
sully had three propeller shafts each powered by one vertical triple @@ expansion steam engine which were rated at a total of 20 @@ 500 indicated horsepower ( 15 @@ 300 kw ) twenty @@ four belleville water @@ tube boilers provided steam for her engines she had a designed speed of 21 @@ 5 knots ( 39 @@ 8 km / h 24 @@ 7 mph ) she carried up to 1 @@ 590 long tons ( 1 @@ 620 t ) of coal and could steam for 12 @@ 000 nautical miles ( 22 @@ 000 km 14 @@ 000 mi ) at a speed of 10 knots ( 19 km / h 12 mph )
sully 's main armament consisted of two 194 @@ millimeter ( 7 @@ 6 in ) 45 @@ caliber guns were mounted in single gun turrets fore and aft her intermediate armament was eight 45 @@ caliber canon de 164 mm modèle 1893 guns four of these were in single gun turrets on the sides of the ship and the other four were in casemates for anti @@ torpedo boat defence she carried six 45 @@ caliber 100 @@ millimeter ( 3 @@ 9 in ) guns in casemates and eighteen 47 @@ millimeter ( 1 @@ 9 in ) hotchkiss guns she was also armed with five 450 @@ millimeter ( 18 in ) torpedo tubes two of these were submerged and the others were above water
the waterline armored belt of the gloire @@ class ships was 170 millimeters ( 6 @@ 7 in ) thick amidships and tapered to 106 millimeters ( 4 @@ 2 in ) towards the bow and stern above the main belt was another belt 127 millimeters ( 5 in ) thick that also tapered to 106 mm at the ends of the ship the conning tower had armored sides 150 millimeters ( 5 @@ 9 in ) thick the main gun turrets were protected by 173 millimeters ( 6 @@ 8 in ) of armor and the intermediate turrets by 120 millimeters ( 4 @@ 7 in ) the flat part of the lower armored deck was 45 millimeters ( 1 @@ 8 in ) but increased to 64 millimeters ( 2 @@ 5 in ) as it sloped down to the sides of the ship

= = service = =

sully was laid down at the forges et chantiers de la méditerranée shipyard in la seyne on 24 may 1899 and launched on 4 june 1901 the ship was completed in june 1904 and sent to french indochina for her first commission on 7 february 1905 sully struck a rock in hạ long bay her crew was not injured her guns and equipment were salvaged but the ship broke in two and was abandoned as a total loss


= norman finkelstein =

norman gary finkelstein ( born december 8 1953 ) is an american political scientist activist professor and author his primary fields of research are the israeli palestinian conflict and the politics of the holocaust an interest motivated by the experiences of his parents who were jewish holocaust survivors he is a graduate of binghamton university and received his phd in political science at princeton university he has held faculty positions at brooklyn college rutgers university hunter college new york university and depaul university where he was an assistant professor from 2001 to 2007
in 2007 after a highly publicized feud between finkelstein and an academic opponent alan dershowitz finkelstein 's tenure bid at depaul was denied finkelstein was placed on administrative leave for the 2007 2008 academic year and on september 5 2007 he announced his resignation after coming to a settlement with the university on generally undisclosed terms an official statement from depaul strongly defended the decision to deny finkelstein tenure stated that outside influence played no role in the decision in 2008 he was banned from entering israel for 10 years
finkelstein taught at sakarya university middle east institute in turkey between 2014 and 2015

= = personal background and education = =

finkelstein has written of his jewish parents ' experiences during world war ii his mother <unk> <unk> grew up in warsaw survived the warsaw ghetto the majdanek concentration camp and two slave labor camps her first husband died in the war she considered the day of her liberation as the most horrible day of her life as she realized that she was alone her parents and siblings gone norman 's father zacharias finkelstein active in hashomer <unk> was a survivor of both the warsaw ghetto and the auschwitz concentration camp
after the war they met in a displaced persons camp in linz austria and then emigrated to the united states where his father became a factory worker and his mother a homemaker and later a bookkeeper finkelstein 's mother was an ardent pacifist both his parents died in 1995 of his parents finkelstein has recalled that they saw the world through the prism of the nazi holocaust they were eternally indebted to the soviet union ( to whom they attributed the defeat of the nazis ) and so anyone who was anti @@ soviet they were extremely harsh on they supported the soviet union 's approval of the creation of the state of israel as enunciated by gromyko who stated that the jews had earned the right to a state but thought that israel had sold its soul to the west and refused to have any truck with it
finkelstein grew up in borough park then mill basin both in brooklyn new york where he attended james madison high school in his memoir finkelstein recalls his strong youthful identification with the outrage that his mother witness to the genocidal atrocities of world war ii felt at the carnage wrought by the united states in vietnam one childhood friend recalls his mother 's emotional investment in left @@ wing humanitarian causes as bordering on hysteria he had internalized [ her ] indignation a trait which he admits rendered him insufferable when talking of the vietnam war and which imbued him with a holier @@ than @@ thou attitude at the time which he now regrets but finkelstein regards his absorption of his mother 's outlook the refusal to put aside a sense of moral outrage in order to get on with one 's life as a virtue subsequently his reading of noam chomsky played an important role in tailoring the passion bequeathed to him by his mother to the necessity of maintaining intellectual rigor
finkelstein completed his undergraduate studies at binghamton university in new york in 1974 after which he studied at the école <unk> des hautes études in paris a deep admirer of paul sweezy he was an ardent maoist and was devastated by the news of the trial of the gang of four an event which totally devastated him and led him to abandon marxism leninism
finkelstein received his master 's degree in political science in 1980 and later his phd in political studies from princeton his doctoral thesis was on zionism before gaining academic employment finkelstein was a part @@ time social worker with teenage dropouts in new york he then taught successively at rutgers university new york university brooklyn college and hunter college and at depaul university in chicago during the first intifada he spent every summer from 1988 in the west bank a guest of palestinian families in hebron and beit sahour
according to the new york times finkelstein left hunter college in 2001 after his teaching load and salary were reduced by the college administration in his own recollection he enjoyed teaching at hunter ( 1992 2000 ) and was ' unceremoniously kicked out of ' the school after begging them to keep him on with just two courses a semester ( $ 12 @@ 000 a year ) hunter set conditions that would have required him to spend four days a week which he thought unacceptable
beginning with his doctoral thesis at princeton finkelstein 's career has been marked by controversy a self @@ described forensic scholar he has written sharply critical academic reviews of several prominent writers and scholars whom he accuses of misrepresenting the documentary record in order to defend israel 's policies and practices his writings have dealt with politically charged topics such as zionism the demographic history of palestine and his allegations of the existence of a holocaust industry that exploits the memory of the holocaust to further israeli and financial interests
citing linguist and political activist noam chomsky as an example finkelstein notes that it is possible to unite exacting scholarly rigor with scathing moral outrage and supporters and detractors alike have remarked on the polemical style of finkelstein 's work its content has been praised by eminent historians such as raul hilberg and avi shlaim as well as chomsky
finkelstein has described himself as an old @@ fashioned communist in the sense that he see [ s ] no value whatsoever in states

= = academic career = =


= = = on from time immemorial = = =

in finkelstein 's doctoral thesis he examined the claims made in joan peters 's from time immemorial a best @@ selling book at the time peters 's history and defense of israel deals with the demographic history of palestine demographic studies had tended to assert that the arab population of ottoman @@ controlled palestine a 94 majority at the turn of the century had dwindled towards parity due to massive zionist immigration peters radically challenged this picture by arguing that a substantial part of the palestinian people were descended from immigrants from other arab countries from the early 19th century onwards it followed for peters and many of her readers that the picture of a native palestinian population overwhelmed by jewish immigration was little more than propaganda and that in actuality two almost simultaneous waves of immigration met in what had been a relatively unpopulated land
from time immemorial had been praised by figures as varied as barbara tuchman theodore h white elie wiesel and lucy dawidowicz saul bellow for one wrote in a jacket endorsement that
millions of people the world over smothered by false history and propaganda will be grateful for this clear account of the origins of the palestinians
finkelstein asserted that the book was a monumental hoax he later opined that while peters 's book received widespread interest and approval in the united states a scholarly demonstration of its fraudulence and unreliability aroused little attention

= = = health care = = =

sarnia is served by bluewater health a hospital with 188 acute care beds 70 complex continuing care beds and 27 rehabilitation beds the hospital opened in 2010 following the amalgamation of several smaller facilities bluewater health was recently recognized by healthcare insurance reciprocal of canada one of the country 's largest hospital insurers for its continued improvement in patient safety and care quality

= = culture = =

= = = music theatre and arts = = =

sarnia 's musical and theatrical presence in southern ontario is significant the international symphony orchestra plays at the imperial theatre for an annual season lasting from september to april in addition to symphonic concerts the imperial theatre offers year @@ round dramatic productions michael learned played the lead in driving miss daisy at the theatre in 2010 former max webster frontman kim mitchell has returned to his hometown on occasion to play a concert including his visit in 2008 for sarnia 's popular <unk> a competition where local amateur chefs share their recipes for barbecued ribs and compete against each other canadian composer and music educator raymond murray schafer was born in sarnia and developed his radical <unk> techniques there musicians and groups such as aerosmith kiss keith urban john bon jovi and rascal flatts have played at sarnia bayfest in the past the sarnia bayfest which was preceded by the festival by the bay is an annual concert festival that features big @@ name rock and country bands typically during the second or third weekend of july 2013 would have marked the fifteenth anniversary of the annual festival but financial problems caused the event 's cancellation prior to december 2013 organizers stated that it is not the end and that they planned on coming back on solid financial footing sometime in the future as of december 2013 however bayfest organizers indicated they planned on merging with the international powerboat festival for a joint event in 2015

besides the single museum in sarnia proper six other museums in the local area document sarnia 's history including its legacy as the home of the north american oil industry gallery lambton offers 12 annual art exhibitions in 2012 the judith and norman alex art gallery opened it is an international category a art gallery

during the christmas season the city of sarnia presents the annual celebration of lights in centennial park the event was created in 1984 by dr wills <unk> and a committee funded by the retail chain hudson 's bay and the national telecommunications company telus from modest beginnings the event has garnered numerous awards as it has grown including second place in the 2002 canadian government 's canada <unk> competition the celebration was incorporated in its national prizewinning year and is now run by a voluntary board of directors

= = attractions = =

there are over 100 parks in sarnia the largest being canatara park which covers over 200 acres along the shore of lake huron canatara is an ojibwe word that means blue water the park was opened 24 may 1933 within the park is lake <unk> a haven for 280 different species of birds on their migration routes the park also maintains a children 's animal farm as part of sarnia 's commitment to wildlife the annual christmas on the farm weekend event held at the farm in early december is a popular community event enjoyed by families canatara park is one of the first parks in southern ontario to feature an outdoor fitness equipment installation

the largest recreational park in sarnia is germain park which incorporates five baseball diamonds four soccer fields an outdoor pool and the community gardens as a memorial to canadian aviators who gave their lives in world war ii one of the remaining canadair sabres in canada is on display in the park

centennial park was opened on dominion day in 1967 as part of canada 's centenary celebrations the city of sarnia decided in 2013 to close much of centennial park after the discovery of toxic lead and asbestos in the soil

sarnia has one remaining museum within its city limits stones ' n bones which houses over 6 @@ 000 exhibits the collection includes rocks artifacts fossils and bones from all over the world a previous museum the discovery house museum has been converted into to a hospice this historic house built between 1869 and 1875 is recognised as a testament to victorian era construction

the city 's sandy fresh water beaches are a popular tourist attraction while the sheltered harbour houses marinas for recreational sailing since 1925 the 400 km ( 250 mi ) mackinac race from sarnia / port huron to mackinac island at the north end of the lake has been the highlight of the sailing season drawing more than 3 @@ 000 sailors each year

sarnia 's fresh @@ cut fries are another popular tourist attraction and thousands of visitors annually visit the chip trucks parked under the blue water bridge niagara @@ based cookbook author and food e @@ magazine publisher lynn <unk> visited the chip trucks in august 2012 and stated i was blown away by sarnia not only by the city 's waterfront where the chip trucks are located but also by the chip trucks themselves she also published an article in her e @@ magazine the ontario table recognizing the outstanding quality of the fresh @@ cut fries guelph @@ based travel writer pat brennan also recognized the quality of sarnia 's fries in his 2007 piece sarnia <unk> best fries in the world in 2012 sarnia officials even created a special detour to reach the chip trucks during a period of construction realizing the popularity of sarnia 's chip trucks the ontario medical association includes them in a campaign to have fries and other junk food labelled for being dangerous in the same manner as cigarettes

= = sports = =

sarnia is home to the sarnia sting a junior ice hockey team in the ontario hockey league dino ciccarelli a former nhl player was a part owner of the team former sting player steven stamkos was selected first overall in the 2008 nhl entry draft by the tampa bay lightning and was followed by nail <unk> in 2012 sarnia is also home to the sarnia legionnaires ice hockey team which plays in the greater ontario junior hockey league the team is successor to the sarnia legionnaires ( 1954 1970 ) who won five western jr ' b ' championships and four sutherland cups during 16 seasons in the ontario hockey association

sarnia has a successful tradition in canadian football as members of the ontario rugby football union the local team sarnia imperials twice won the grey cup in 1934 and 1936 the modern sarnia imperials are a semi @@ professional team playing in the northern football conference

the sarnia @@ born world champion curler steve bice played as alternate for the glenn howard rink in the 2007 tim hortons brier and 2007 ford world men 's curling championship winning both times

= = government = =

sarnia city council consists of nine elected members the mayor four members from the city and four members from the county the mayor and all council members are elected to four @@ year terms the four lambton county council members serve both county and city council

the current mayor mike bradley has held the position since december 1988 and is currently the second longest @@ serving mayor in the province of ontario behind milton 's gord krantz past mayors of the city have included andy brandt <unk> <unk> paul blundy thomas george johnston and alexander mackenzie the second prime minister of canada

at the provincial level sarnia is located within the sarnia lambton provincial electoral district represented in 2013 by bob bailey a member of the progressive conservative party of ontario at the federal level sarnia is located within the sarnia lambton federal electoral district which in 2013 was represented by patricia davidson of the conservative party of canada

over the past 50 years sarnia 's voters have been moderate and the party affiliation of its members of parliament both provincial and federal has swung back and forth largely between the liberal and progressive conservative parties ( a new democrat was elected in their 1990 provincial wave )

= = education = =

the lambton kent district school board is responsible for the 13 elementary and four secondary public schools ( northern collegiate institute and vocational school alexander mackenzie secondary school sarnia collegiate institute & technical school and st clair secondary school ) located within sarnia 's boundaries

the st clair catholic district school board is responsible for the city 's seven elementary and two secondary catholic schools ( st christopher 's and st patrick 's ) in 2014 st patrick 's and st christopher 's merged under the st patrick 's name on st christopher 's north sarnia site

the conseil scolaire catholique de providence ( csc providence ) represents the two french catholic schools in the city saint @@ françois @@ xavier and saint @@ thomas @@ d 'aquin while the conseil scolaire viamonde operates two french public schools the elementary école les rapides and the secondary école <unk> franco @@ jeunesse there are also two independent christian elementary schools in sarnia sarnia christian school and temple christian academy

lambton college which offers two @@ year programs and diplomas is one of ontario 's 21 colleges of applied arts and technology it has a full @@ time enrolment of 3 @@ 500 and a part @@ time enrolment of about 8 @@ 000 it is the city 's only post @@ secondary school

= = media = =

there are four radio stations that originate from sarnia although other stations rebroadcast their signal there notably <unk> @@ fm a first nations produced station from kettle point and <unk> @@ fm and <unk> @@ 3 @@ fm simulcasts of cbc radio one and ici radio @@ canada première respectively from windsor ontario

chok country / news / sports

<unk> @@ fm the fox adult contemporary

chok @@ 1 @@ fm ( <unk> of chok am )

<unk> @@ fm active rock

sarnia does not have a network television station of its own although it has a community channel on cogeco which is the cable television provider in sarnia cable systems pipe in stations from kitchener and toronto

the city 's main daily newspaper is the sarnia observer owned by postmedia which purchased sun media in 2014 for $ 316 million a weekly newspaper called the sarnia journal began distribution in march 2014 it is distributed to 30 @@ 000 households in sarnia bright s grove point edward and corunna the community publications sarnia this week lambton county smart shopper and business trends are owned by bowes publishing the monthly business oriented newspaper first monday is owned by huron web printing and graphics lambton shield publishing has been in operation since november 2010 and runs an on @@ line only news website <unk> delivering local news and services to the sarnia @@ lambton area there are two magazines currently published in sarnia business trends and report on industry business trends is distributed through city hall and report on industry is sent to executives in surrounding businesses report on industry articles are available online

= = notable people = =

among sarnia 's distinguished residents are retired canadian space agency astronaut chris hadfield who flew on two nasa space shuttle missions and served as the first canadian commander of the international space station during expedition 35 the nobel laureate george andrew olah moved to sarnia from his native hungary to join dow chemical in 1957 james doohan the well @@ known star trek actor attended high school in sarnia harmonica virtuoso mike stevens still lives in sarnia and tours all over the world he is also notable for his extensive work with aboriginal youth many notable <unk> are athletes and others associated with sports such as nhl hall of famer dino ciccarelli former nhl star pat verbeek retired nhl referee kerry fraser current nhl star steven stamkos champion curler steve bice and golfer mike weir who was the 2003 masters champion dominique pegg a sarnia gymnast won a bronze medal in floor exercise at the world cup event in cottbus in march 2012 the honourable alexander mackenzie second prime minister of canada was buried at lakeview cemetery sarnia where a monument has been erected the 1910s 1930s actress marie prevost was also born there katherine ryan comedian writer presenter and actress was born in sarnia in 1983 she now resides in london england

= french cruiser sully =

the french cruiser sully was an armored cruiser of the gloire class that was built for the french navy in the early 1900s she was named in honor of maximilien de béthune duke of sully trusted minister of king henry iv the ship struck a rock in hạ long bay french indochina in 1905 only eight months after she was completed and was a total loss

= = design and description = =

the gloire @@ class ships were designed as enlarged and improved versions of the gueydon @@ class armored cruisers by emile bertin her crew numbered 612 officers and men the ship measured 139 @@ 8 meters ( 458 ft 8 in ) overall with a beam of 20 @@ 2 meters ( 66 ft 3 in ) sully had a draft of 7 @@ 7 meters ( 25 ft 3 in ) and displaced 10 @@ 014 metric tons ( 9 @@ 856 long tons )

sully had three propeller shafts each powered by one vertical triple @@ expansion steam engine which were rated at a total of 20 @@ 500 indicated horsepower ( 15 @@ 300 kw ) twenty @@ four belleville water @@ tube boilers provided steam for her engines she had a designed speed of 21 @@ 5 knots ( 39 @@ 8 km / h 24 @@ 7 mph ) she carried up to 1 @@ 590 long tons ( 1 @@ 620 t ) of coal and could steam for 12 @@ 000 nautical miles ( 22 @@ 000 km 14 @@ 000 mi ) at a speed of 10 knots ( 19 km / h 12 mph )

sully 's main armament consisted of two 194 @@ millimeter ( 7 @@ 6 in ) 45 @@ caliber guns were mounted in single gun turrets fore and aft her intermediate armament was eight 45 @@ caliber canon de 164 mm modèle 1893 guns four of these were in single gun turrets on the sides of the ship and the other four were in casemates for anti @@ torpedo boat defence she carried six 45 @@ caliber 100 @@ millimeter ( 3 @@ 9 in ) guns in casemates and eighteen 47 @@ millimeter ( 1 @@ 9 in ) hotchkiss guns she was also armed with five 450 @@ millimeter ( 18 in ) torpedo tubes two of these were submerged and the others were above water

the waterline armored belt of the gloire @@ class ships was 170 millimeters ( 6 @@ 7 in ) thick amidships and tapered to 106 millimeters ( 4 @@ 2 in ) towards the bow and stern above the main belt was another belt 127 millimeters ( 5 in ) thick that also tapered to 106 mm at the ends of the ship the conning tower had armored sides 150 millimeters ( 5 @@ 9 in ) thick the main gun turrets were protected by 173 millimeters ( 6 @@ 8 in ) of armor and the intermediate turrets by 120 millimeters ( 4 @@ 7 in ) the flat part of the lower armored deck was 45 millimeters ( 1 @@ 8 in ) but increased to 64 millimeters ( 2 @@ 5 in ) as it sloped down to the sides of the ship

= = service = =

sully was laid down at the forges et chantiers de la méditerranée shipyard in la seyne on 24 may 1899 and launched on 4 june 1901 the ship was completed in june 1904 and sent to french indochina for her first commission on 7 february 1905 sully struck a rock in hạ long bay her crew was not injured her guns and equipment were salvaged but the ship broke in two and was abandoned as a total loss

= norman finkelstein =

norman gary finkelstein ( born december 8 1953 ) is an american political scientist activist professor and author his primary fields of research are the israeli palestinian conflict and the politics of the holocaust an interest motivated by the experiences of his parents who were jewish holocaust survivors he is a graduate of binghamton university and received his phd in political science at princeton university he has held faculty positions at brooklyn college rutgers university hunter college new york university and depaul university where he was an assistant professor from 2001 to 2007

in 2007 after a highly publicized feud between finkelstein and an academic opponent alan dershowitz finkelstein 's tenure bid at depaul was denied finkelstein was placed on administrative leave for the 2007 2008 academic year and on september 5 2007 he announced his resignation after coming to a settlement with the university on generally undisclosed terms an official statement from depaul strongly defended the decision to deny finkelstein tenure stated that outside influence played no role in the decision in 2008 he was banned from entering israel for 10 years

finkelstein taught at sakarya university middle east institute in turkey between 2014 and 2015

= = personal background and education = =

finkelstein has written of his jewish parents ' experiences during world war ii his mother <unk> <unk> grew up in warsaw survived the warsaw ghetto the majdanek concentration camp and two slave labor camps her first husband died in the war she considered the day of her liberation as the most horrible day of her life as she realized that she was alone her parents and siblings gone norman 's father zacharias finkelstein active in hashomer <unk> was a survivor of both the warsaw ghetto and the auschwitz concentration camp

after the war they met in a displaced persons camp in linz austria and then emigrated to the united states where his father became a factory worker and his mother a homemaker and later a bookkeeper finkelstein 's mother was an ardent pacifist both his parents died in 1995 of his parents finkelstein has recalled that they saw the world through the prism of the nazi holocaust they were eternally indebted to the soviet union ( to whom they attributed the defeat of the nazis ) and so anyone who was anti @@ soviet they were extremely harsh on they supported the soviet union 's approval of the creation of the state of israel as enunciated by gromyko who stated that the jews had earned the right to a state but thought that israel had sold its soul to the west and refused to have any truck with it

finkelstein grew up in borough park then mill basin both in brooklyn new york where he attended james madison high school in his memoir finkelstein recalls his strong youthful identification with the outrage that his mother witness to the genocidal atrocities of world war ii felt at the carnage wrought by the united states in vietnam one childhood friend recalls his mother 's emotional investment in left @@ wing humanitarian causes as bordering on hysteria he had internalized [ her ] indignation a trait which he admits rendered him insufferable when talking of the vietnam war and which imbued him with a holier @@ than @@ thou attitude at the time which he now regrets but finkelstein regards his absorption of his mother 's outlook the refusal to put aside a sense of moral outrage in order to get on with one 's life as a virtue subsequently his reading of noam chomsky played an important role in tailoring the passion bequeathed to him by his mother to the necessity of maintaining intellectual rigor

finkelstein completed his undergraduate studies at binghamton university in new york in 1974 after which he studied at the école <unk> des hautes études in paris a deep admirer of paul sweezy he was an ardent maoist and was devastated by the news of the trial of the gang of four an event which totally devastated him and led him to abandon marxism leninism

finkelstein received his master 's degree in political science in 1980 and later his phd in political studies from princeton his doctoral thesis was on zionism before gaining academic employment finkelstein was a part @@ time social worker with teenage dropouts in new york he then taught successively at rutgers university new york university brooklyn college and hunter college and at depaul university in chicago during the first intifada he spent every summer from 1988 in the west bank a guest of palestinian families in hebron and beit sahour

according to the new york times finkelstein left hunter college in 2001 after his teaching load and salary were reduced by the college administration in his own recollection he enjoyed teaching at hunter ( 1992 2000 ) and was ' unceremoniously kicked out of ' the school after begging them to keep him on with just two courses a semester ( $ 12 @@ 000 a year ) hunter set conditions that would have required him to spend four days a week which he thought unacceptable

beginning with his doctoral thesis at princeton finkelstein 's career has been marked by controversy a self @@ described forensic scholar he has written sharply critical academic reviews of several prominent writers and scholars whom he accuses of misrepresenting the documentary record in order to defend israel 's policies and practices his writings have dealt with politically charged topics such as zionism the demographic history of palestine and his allegations of the existence of a holocaust industry that exploits the memory of the holocaust to further israeli and financial interests

citing linguist and political activist noam chomsky as an example finkelstein notes that it is possible to unite exacting scholarly rigor with scathing moral outrage and supporters and detractors alike have remarked on the polemical style of finkelstein 's work its content has been praised by eminent historians such as raul hilberg and avi shlaim as well as chomsky

finkelstein has described himself as an old @@ fashioned communist in the sense that he see [ s ] no value whatsoever in states

= = academic career = =

= = = on from time immemorial = = =

in finkelstein 's doctoral thesis he examined the claims made in joan peters 's from time immemorial a best @@ selling book at the time peters 's history and defense of israel deals with the demographic history of palestine demographic studies had tended to assert that the arab population of ottoman @@ controlled palestine a 94 majority at the turn of the century had dwindled towards parity due to massive zionist immigration peters radically challenged this picture by arguing that a substantial part of the palestinian people were descended from immigrants from other arab countries from the early 19th century onwards it followed for peters and many of her readers that the picture of a native palestinian population overwhelmed by jewish immigration was little more than propaganda and that in actuality two almost simultaneous waves of immigration met in what had been a relatively unpopulated land

from time immemorial had been praised by figures as varied as barbara tuchman theodore h white elie wiesel and lucy dawidowicz saul bellow for one wrote in a jacket endorsement that

millions of people the world over smothered by false history and propaganda will be grateful for this clear account of the origins of the palestinians

finkelstein asserted that the book was a monumental hoax he later opined that while peters 's book received widespread interest and approval in the united states a scholarly demonstration of its fraudulence and unreliability aroused little attention