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= = = setting and protagonist = = =

hellblazer was set in a contemporary world albeit a world of magic and supernatural conflict behind the scenes although issue 14 made a passing reference to superheroes the series since developed its own pocket universe in which the supernatural or paranormal did not play a large role in the lives of most ordinary people and in earth @@ threatening circumstances no superhero interventions were shown or hinted at suggesting that superheroes no longer existed there however some dc comics characters most notably the fringe supernatural characters such as zatanna the phantom stranger shade the changing man dream of the endless and swamp thing made appearances
john constantine the main character of hellblazer was portrayed as a kind of confidence man and occult detective who did morally questionable things arguably for the greater good he usually triumphed through guile deceit and misdirection but often made more enemies in the process than he defeated indeed it was a common theme in the book that constantine was unable to effect any lasting change or enjoy unequivocal victories while sometimes striving for the good of mankind constantine was often manipulative and a dangerous person to have as a friend as the lives and souls of those around him became perilously involved in his misadventures he took pains to protect himself from direct attacks but his friends and relatives were often endangered in order to strike at him the spirits of deceased friends haunted him individually or as an entourage of ghosts
constantine made appearances in other comic book titles such as crisis on infinite earths infinite crisis green arrow green lantern the sandman lucifer and shade the changing man he was a recurring supporting character in both swamp thing and the books of magic throughout their numerous incarnations some attempts to use the character in other superhero or family @@ friendly comics were altered due to editorial mandate such as gregori <unk> rasputin in firestorm and captain atom ( who refers to constantine as an impertinent <unk> in england ) grant morrison created willoughby kipling for doom patrol after being refused constantine by dc changing his appearance to that of richard e grant in withnail and i following which phil <unk> was forced to create ambroise bierce in stanley and his monster having been refused both constantine and willoughby kipling
john constantine was reintroduced into the dc universe in 2011 initially in the brightest day crossover event title search for the swamp thing and in the ongoing the new 52 title justice league dark

= = = 1988 1991 jamie delano ( # 1 40 # 84 ) = = =

having previously worked on dr & <unk> for 2000 ad a title made popular by john constantine 's creator alan moore delano was selected to start the character 's first run in his own comic by then editor karen berger in 1988 delano 's run was characterised by his political satire taking on late 1980s and 1990s tropes such as with city financiers being literal demons and constantine meeting with freemasons from the houses of parliament he also had environmentalist issues crop up especially in the fear machine ( issues # 15 @@ 22 ) where john fell in with a travelling community of environmental activists indeed editor karen berger noted on delano 's departure the irony that his final issue was handed in the week that margaret thatcher was forced out of office
there were five main storylines in the run the first collected as original sins deals with john travelling to america to exorcise a demon <unk> and investigate a strange cult known as damnation 's army crossing paths with a demon called nergal ( from whom he gains demon blood ) and having to be responsible for killing an old friend gary lester and betraying another called zed in the process the following four issues the devil you know finally explain john 's failure to save a young girl astra from a demon in newcastle an event that left him near insane and incarcerated in an asylum known as <unk> and still haunted him to the comic 's end he eventually discovers that the demon responsible for this was nergal and uses a technological scheme to trap him and lead him back to hell it also contains a crossover with swamp thing where constantine loses his body while the swamp thing uses it to procreate
this was followed by a lengthy nine @@ issue story arc the fear machine revolving around a masonic plot to collect people 's fears in order to resurrect a <unk> god known as <unk> and his efforts to prevent this with the help of environmentalists including mercury a young psychic girl and marj her mother with whom he becomes romantically involved the penultimate major run of delano 's tenure was the family man which differed from the main body of the series thus far in that constantine 's nemesis is not supernatural ( beyond an opening metafictional encounter with a fictional fence ) but a former policeman turned serial killer john 's ethical quandary as to whether murder is ever acceptable and his coping with the murder of his father thomas frames this story during this run on the title grant morrison ( issues # 25 & 26 ) and neil gaiman ( issue # 27 ) both filled in during a three @@ month break grant morrison 's story dealing with nuclear fear and neil gaiman 's being a simple romantic ghost story
delano 's run ended with the golden child where john is reunited with marj and mercury who help him discover that he murdered his more perfect twin in the womb culminating in an extended story in which we are shown what would have occurred had the other twin survived in his place during his run there was also a stand @@ alone issue the hellblazer annual # 1 exploring constantine 's ancestry and featuring the video to john 's punk band <unk> membrane 's song venus of the <unk>
jamie delano returned to the title on several occasions between the garth ennis and paul jenkins runs on hellblazer he finally told the story of why john 's best friend chas ' owes ' him and he returned again for one of the five christmas stories in issue # 250 he also wrote the mini series the <unk> in 1995 and bad blood in 2000 both featuring john constantine a more substantial return was made in 2010 for a hardcover graphic novel hellblazer pandemonium with artist jock to commemorate the 25th anniversary of john constantine 's first appearance in swamp thing

= = = 1991 1999 garth ennis ( # 41 83 # 129 133 ) and paul jenkins ( # 89 128 ) = = =

irish writer garth ennis then took over the title in 1991 again from 2000 ad where he had been working on judge dredd he proceeded to write the longest run for any writer on the title his take on the title was more personal than jamie delano 's with john 's relationships coming to the fore it also had a strong religious theme with john 's dealings with the first of the fallen and some storylines such as the relationship between an angel tali and a succubus demon ellie would go on to be used again as a major plot device in preacher one of his most popular works he also references the music of the pogues and the poetry of brendan behan both of these being relevant to ennis ' irish heritage
his run started with dangerous habits ( 41 @@ 46 ) which was the basis for the 2005 film constantine and dealt with john constantine contracting lung cancer and the desperate deal he makes with the first of the fallen and various other lords of hell to save himself in the course of trying to save himself he visits ireland where he becomes reacquainted with kit ryan an old friend the following few issues follow the early stages of his relationship with kit a plot to install a demon on the british throne in the plotline royal blood and in the extended issue # 50 his first meeting with the king of the vampires one minor story in this arc ( issue # 51 ) was written by guest writer john smith
the next major arc fear and loathing ( issues 62 @@ 67 ) covers a high point of john 's personal life with his relationship with kit going well and a fortieth birthday party where his friends ellie zatanna and the swamp thing attend and use their various abilities to create a large quantity of <unk> whiskey and marijuana the story then takes him to his lowest point through his dealings with the national front their threats towards kit and her leaving him to return to ireland following this john is defeated and lives homeless on the streets drinking to forget his life this remains the case until the king of the vampires hunts him out and is poisoned by his demon blood leaving him out in the sun at dawn killing him following his recovery the storyline damnation 's flame ( issues # 72 77 ) follows a trip to the us where constantine is put into an alternative america by his old adversary papa midnite a <unk> shaman he is accompanied by the spirit of jfk who has to hold his brain in place from his infamous wound he eventually learns how to escape shortly before running into the first of the fallen in the guise of abraham lincoln there then follows a small break where he meets the spirit of a dead friend in dublin offering some closure to his recent problems ennis ' run ends with rake at the gates of hell a story which finally brings together the racism storyline with riots in mile end echoing the real @@ life brixton and broadwater farm riots in london the revenge attempt of the first of the fallen started in dangerous habits and the end of john 's relationship with kit ryan john 's eventual pyrrhic victory leaves this run with closure and a relatively clean slate for a new writer to take over
following a brief interlude by from hell artist eddie campbell the series ' direction was taken over by paul jenkins in 1995 he had been former editor of teenage mutant ninja turtles and other mirage studios lines he had pitched to several comic houses having tired of editing and eventually managed to gain stewardship of hellblazer the first largely untested writer to achieve this his four @@ year run is the longest run to remain uncollected jenkins ' run is more traditionally english in its themes with albion arthurian legend and old english battles all featuring and even an appearance by samuel taylor coleridge and a speculative explanation of the writing of kubla khan and what the interruption of the ' man from porlock ' may have been he also returns to jamie delano 's coverage of anarchist lifestyles and the effects of the criminal justice act of 1994 a controversial law which restricted the ability of the public to throw raves and large demonstrations
major storylines in this run include critical mass where constantine is forced to use magic to purge his darker side into another human body in order to avoid being damned to hell as part of a trade to save the possessed son of a friend thus creating the antagonistic character demon constantine with the assistance of aleister crowley the landmark hundredth issue gave more detail on john constantine 's father and the abusive relationship that they had shared however it is unclear as to whether this is happening in reality or in his mind as john <unk> in a coma last man standing reveals that his friend rich is the current descendant of king arthur and merlin 's attempt to discover god 's secret an act which would destroy england using john 's few remaining friends as bait
the tenth anniversary issue breaks from the usual format in breaking the fourth wall and addressing the reader as if they are in a pub with constantine for a monthly get together to hear his stories over the course of the issue most of the characters from constantine 's history appear along with death of the endless from sandman there are also appearances by writers and artists including series creator alan moore garth ennis and jenkins himself jenkins ' run then draws to a close with two storylines up the down staircase and how to play with fire which relate the first of the fallen 's new plan to essentially let mankind ruin itself through television and consumerism and ellie 's plot to leave constantine friendless and alone john eventually saves himself through a literal deus ex machina in a campfire conversation with god however at that time rich and his family finally sever their friendship with john and the latter ends the run alone paul jenkins later returned for one of the five stories in issue # 250
ennis briefly returned to the title in 1998 with son of man filling the gaps between paul jenkins ' and warren ellis ' runs on the title this more irreverent story is about the consequences of constantine resurrecting the dead son of an east london gangster using the spirit of a demon he also had two specials published during his run on the title the hellblazer special and heartland which follows kit ryan 's return to ireland

= = = 1999 2002 = = =


= = = = warren ellis ( # 134 143 ) = = = =

warren ellis took over the title in 1999 after his work on transmetropolitan which had moved to the vertigo imprint following the closure of helix comics he was meant to become a full @@ time writer for several years as delano ennis and jenkins before him but left the title early after dc refused to publish the story shoot about high school shootings following the columbine high school massacre despite the fact it had been written and submitted prior to the event the story was finally published in 2010
his brief run began with haunted a london @@ based story in which john investigates the brutal murder of a former girlfriend isabel by an aleister crowley style magician josh wright the story introduces or reintroduces many characters who became an important part of the hellblazer universe including inspector watford ( originally from jamie delano 's run on the title ) aging magician clarice and map a powerful magician who works on tube renovations in his part as custodian of london the remainder of ellis ' brief tenure was taken up with single issue stories collected as setting sun

= = = = brian azzarello ( # 146 174 ) = = = =

following a brief interlude by croatian writer darko macan the series was then taken over by brian azzarello once again hired on the strength of his own series for vertigo 100 bullets azzarello 's run is one large meta @@ story that follows john constantine on a trip across america starting with his incarceration in prison then variously uncovering a pornography ring catching a serial killer taking on a neo nazi group before finally dealing with the architect of his incarceration stanley w manor a thinly @@ veiled pastiche of batman brian azzarello did return for one of the five stories in issue # 250

= = = 2002 2006 mike carey ( # 175 215 # 229 ) = = =

following azzarello 's run writer mike carey took over the title following his eisner award @@ winning title lucifer set in the sandman universe carey 's run attempted to return john constantine to his roots with the title largely set back in london and featuring many characters from former runs on the title mike carey also has the honour of being the first liverpudlian to write the liverpudlian character his was the second longest run by any single author on the title second only to garth ennis
the start of his run introduces angie <unk> a fellow magician and reintroduces his niece gemma constantine who has also fallen into magic use to her uncle 's consternation after ridding his sister 's house of an evil spirit and finding out gemma has gone missing john returns to london to find his old colleagues and enemies are all taking sides in the hunt for a mythical item known as the red sepulchre john eventually locates the item and finds gemma freeing her from his old enemy josh wright following several <unk> constantine then travels the world to set up a plan for a forthcoming tragedy which will occur when three doors are opened involving swamp thing and the garden of eden amongst others
john 's preparations have no effect however as he is tricked into killing the guardian that had been preventing the tragedy freeing a beast which can control the collective unconsciousness of mankind john constantine cuts his own wrists in order to free himself from consciousness and plays a confidence trick on the beast allowing his friends time to use the collective consciousness to rebuild the guardian that had kept the beast trapped however in this process swamp thing has his human soul removed setting up the fourth run of the comic relaunched shortly afterward in the process john loses his memory setting up the events leading up to the 200th issue leading up to the landmark issue john has little control over events and is led along by a psychic serial killer who threatens to kill chas and his family and a demon rosacarnis who offers his memories back at the cost of 24 hours in her service john eventually gives into this offer and the 200th issue shows how rosacarnis manipulates his reality making him raise three children with her in the guise of kit ryan from garth ennis ' time on the title zed from jamie delano 's and angie from the current run with three different artists steve dillon marcelo <unk> and leonardo manco each drawing one story as the past present and future of the title
carey 's final run followed the attempts of john 's three new children attempting to kill all of his family and friends culminating in the death of his sister cheryl at the hands of her possessed husband john then travels into hell to try to rescue her soul with the assistance of rosacarnis ' father nergal the plan ultimately fails and john returns broken and intending to renounce magic
mike carey returned to the title for a single issue between denise mina and andy diggle 's runs on the title and also wrote the well @@ received hellblazer graphic novel all his engines about a strange illness sweeping the globe

= = = 2006 2013 = = =


= = = = denise mina ( # 216 228 ) = = = =

denise mina had not written for comics when she took over the title in 2006 but had three acclaimed crime novels to her name the <unk> trilogy the first of which won the cwa award for best debut crime novel her run on the title took john to scotland to attempt to stop a plot to make everybody empathise with each other however john fails to stop this and overwhelmed by the grief and horror they 're forced to <unk> share suicides abound through the people of glasgow with help from gemma constantine angie <unk> and chas chandler a plan to reverse the problem is made as tension builds among the soldiers now surrounding the city the soldiers keenly listen to a world cup match between england and portugal on the radio when england loses the match it seems all is lost but the expected psychic riot fails to materialize the soldiers are scottish so england 's loss is celebrated saving the day and proving there 's no source of joy like <unk>

= = = = andy diggle ( # 230 249 ) = = = =

andy diggle having previously written the hellblazer special lady constantine and vertigo titles the losers and swamp thing took over the title in 2007 another former writer for 2000 ad to have done this he left the title in 2009 after accepting an exclusive contract with marvel
the run starts by introducing two main antagonists an aging politician who is using a strange portal to enter other people 's minds and commit crimes and mako a cannibalistic mage who devours other magicians in order to obtain their power constantine 's attempt to play them off one another only succeeds in making them join forces in a further plot constantine then traps them both with considerable ease and questions how this has been so easy it then becomes apparent that he has been manipulated by the ' golden child ' his twin who did not survive childbirth and has been manipulating events for the whole of the series including his battle with cancer and many other events he declines his twin 's offer to merge souls suspicious that his twin has been weakening his will in past years to make him accept this offer choosing instead to take control of his own destiny

= = = = peter milligan ( # 250 300 ) = = = =

peter milligan a veteran of the vertigo line having written both shade the changing man and animal man at the publisher 's inception then took over starting with a short story in the landmark 250th issue and taking over full @@ time following this his run implemented several major changes including john constantine 's wedding and the loss of his thumb
in a rare change milligan 's run on the title starts with john living in domestic bliss with a nurse phoebe over the course of the first storyline several new characters are introduced including epiphany greaves the alchemist daughter of a notorious london gangster and julian a babylonian demon over the course of the run john dealt with a demon taking revenge on people involved in the liverpool dockers ' strike gone insane and sought help from shade the changing man after chopping off his own thumb seen phoebe die at the hands of julian and traveled to india to try to find a way of saving her following this he realised that he was in love with epiphany and married her in the 275th issue however the events of this wedding turned constantine 's niece gemma against him due to the demon constantine sexually assaulting her in the restroom the strain of this traumatic incident turned her against john and she enlisted the help of a coven of witches to kill him which later came to a head when john was forced to fight off a brutal demon summoned by them using john 's iconic trenchcoat to target him
afterwards john 's coat ( which gemma sold on ebay ) began to manipulate its various new owners into murder suicide or other horrific acts until coming into the hands of a man from the us who tried to kill john and epiphany during the time the coat was missing john 's magical abilities had begun to go out of control john eventually resolves this and he was re @@ united with his coat since this gemma and john have a very shaky relationship with one another and she began a sexual relationship with epiphany 's crime @@ boss father terry in order to punish john when he confronted her about this relationship though she told him that she would not stop unless he was able to retrieve her mother 's soul from hell john agreed in order to get his sister to leave hell john agreed to track down her son his adopted nephew in ireland
on october 8 2012 the series was announced as ending with issue 300 following which a new title constantine started at the main imprint of dc comics by 2013 constantine was contacted by the three fates who tell him that he will finally meet his end in five days having lived a good and adventurous life he happily accepts his fate rather than trying to fight it like he always does when the last day came constantine was ambushed and shot in his own home right in front of a horrified epiphany after he died epiphany and finn had an affair as a way to comfort each other john 's ghost saw them having sex in a graveyard and seemed to give his blessing making the fates decide that john wasn 't going to try to come back to life then of course he did he contacted epiphany and asked her to help resurrect him by making him cigarettes from his ashes which after he smoked them made him corporeal again thinking to disappear and live happily ever after with epiphany they moved to a tiny house in ireland courtesy of finn that was totally off the grid and far removed from any apparent trouble the last place anyone would think to look for john that didn 't last long though as john realized he can never run from his past
so john left epiphany in ireland and returned to england to confront gemma he stole the last dart holding the concoction that killed his demon twin but ultimately gave it back to gemma and told her either she could kill him and live her life without him in but consumed with guilt for killing him or she could let him disappear from her life forever without any guilt for murdering him gemma shot the dart at him but john disappeared the final panel of hellblazer reveals john looking shocked and much older than we 'd previously seen him standing in a bar appropriately called a long journey 's end surrounded by people in front of a shelf full of bottles with the names of the comic 's staff over the years

= = justice league dark constantine and cancellation = =

in 2011 it was announced that a younger john constantine would feature in justice league dark one of the new titles launched as part of september 2011 's dc universe reboot he was to be part of a team including shade the changing man deadman and madame xanadu known as justice league dark as part of the dc universe reboot in september 2011 peter milligan started the title which featured an alternate version of john constantine as a prominent part of the team milligan wrote eight issues of justice league dark with writer jeff lemire taking over on issue nine
on november 8 2012 dc announced that hellblazer would be cancelled following its 300th issue and would be replaced by constantine written by robert venditti and drawn by renato guedes starring the younger new 52 john constantine rather than the version from hellblazer depicted as being in his late 50s the constantine series finally ended its run on its 23rd issue in may 1 2015 nonetheless the character would again star in another solo series entitled constantine the hellblazer written by ming doyle and art by riley rossmo and released in june 10 2015 writer ming doyle expressed excitement in her chance to write constantine stating that the reason of putting the term hellblazer back to the character 's title was to take constantine back to what he was at the start

= = themes and style = =

hellblazer was first published during the early days of the modern age of comics and so its themes were dark edgy politically and morally complex as its contemporaries hellblazer mixes supernatural and real life horror akin to contemporary gothic with noire surrealism and occult detective fiction elements unlike other comic books hellblazer is unique as it follows real time in its span of 20 years with its protagonist john constantine aging in every publication because of this writers of the series often places their era 's culture and social commentary in their run when jamie delano first wrote the series in the late 1980s and early 1990s his issues were heavily inspired by the era such as punk rock and the british economy delano would be the first to put his political views in the series an element never before seen in mainstream comics such as his negative views of thatcher 's regime and by 2005 includes the war on terror this made john constantine different from other comic book characters at that time in that he fights the political and social injustice of great britain
when garth ennis took over writing he included his trademark representation of racism and religious fanaticism as well his depictions of the falklands war the most controversial writer brian azzarello tackled issues such as neo @@ nazism prison rape and homosexuality during warren ellis ' run he included american school shootings in a one @@ shot issue which led to a major controversy in his run peter milligan managed to put punk ideology in the series with the protagonist trying to reacquire his former punk self while also characterizing the conservative government as a demon infestation with the punk subculture fighting against this supposed subversion and abuse as such much of hellblazer 's horror often comes in the crisis and controversies of its time being set in the uk many famous british personalities have appeared or made cameos such as sid vicious margaret thatcher aleister crowley and alan moore
as stated by warren ellis hellblazer 's major themes were cynicism nihilism and sudden violence with the protagonist oftentimes narrating the story in dark <unk> with occasional breaking of the fourth wall in many story arcs every victory constantine makes has a negative side effect and often leads to tragedy his friends family and others would be sacrificed or be caught in the crossfire many of them dead or have left him john tries his best to make something good in his life but most of it leading to failure

= = reception = =

over the two decades that it had been published hellblazer had normally been quite well received while not attaining the sales of ' mainstream ' comics it had sustained healthy figures consistently being one of the top selling vertigo titles and was sustained by healthy sales of trade paperbacks hillary goldstein of ign described it as sometimes surreal often provocative and almost always entertaining the adventures of the hellblazer are among the best vertigo has to offer well @@ known comic book writer warren ellis also praised the series as his favorite calling it as among the very best horror works of the 1990 's andre borges from dna india listed it in the 15 must read graphic novels describing it as one of the first of its kind and that its writing and art work have been praised throughout its run robert tutton of paste magazine listed the series at # 4 in its 13 terrifying modern horror comics stating that constantine s most frightening encounters have hewn close enough to that kernel of truth to remind readers that real life can be as terrifying as any succubus or demon spawn
jamie delano 's original run on the title is looked on fondly with journalist helen braithwaite stating his take on the character of john constantine has never been equalled delano 's original sins graphic novel should be in every comic book fan 's collection she added that his writing evokes an incredible sense of dread and terror in a reader ign listed the title as one of the 25 best vertigo books calling john constantine as one of vertigo 's best characters
garth ennis ' run is also much loved particularly dangerous habits which was voted the best garth ennis story on comic book resources ahead of his work on preacher the boys and the punisher in the same article brian cronin describes john 's one time love kit ryan as one of the series ' most memorable characters the popularity of ennis and dillon 's run on hellblazer is also credited for vertigo agreeing to publish their seminal series preacher empire magazine called dangerous habits storyline as rightly one of the most celebrated in comic book history glenn fabry who was the cover artist during ennis ' run won an eisner ward for best cover artist in 1995
the creator of the protagonist alan moore praised jamie delano 's portrayal of the character commenting [ delano ] demonstrates brilliantly that english horror didn 't vanish with the fog and gas lit cobblestones at the end of the victorian era moore also liked brian azzarello 's run on the series commenting that azzarello and corben captured the character down cold and to the life
the character received positive critical reception while starring in the series empire magazine ranked constantine third in their 50 greatest comic characters of all time while ign ranked him # 29 in their top 100 comic book heroes and the character ranked # 10 in wizard magazine 's top 200 comic book characters of all time

= = = legacy = = =

the comic book 's initial cancellation and the introduction of the character to dc led to many negative feedback and reception i vampire writer joshua hale fialkov expressed sadness he would never get to write the ' real ' john constantine noted crime author and former hellblazer writer ian rankin stated that constantine was the only comic book character he ever wanted to write for and alan moore 's daughter leah moore expressing doubt that constantine could replace hellblazer among others as a result dc co @@ publisher dan <unk> issued a statement defending this decision stating that hellblazer 's had a long and incredibly successful run and that 's a tip of the hat to all the great creators that have worked on the book over the years the new constantine series will return him back to his roots in the dcu and hopefully be the start of another incredible run comic alliance described hellblazer 's cancellation as marking the end of an era for vertigo while adding it to be one of a handful of comics from the late eighties that helped comic books and their readers grow up
hellblazer boosted the popularity and image of the occult detective fiction genre and shaped it to its modern form many modern examples of the genre such as hellboy supernatural grimm the originals and the dresden files have been influenced by it and many imitators of both the series and its character flourished such as criminal macabre gravel planetary and others its elements and style have been used countless of times in other works and many analogues of the cynical john constantine have appeared

= = publications = =


= = collected editions = =


= = = trade paperbacks = = =

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