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the lords continued to suggest amendments to money bills over which it had no right of veto and in several instances these were accepted by the commons these included the china indemnity bill 1925 and the inshore fishing industry bill 1947 the use of the lords ' now temporary veto remains a powerful check on legislation
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it was used in relation to the government of ireland act 1914 which had been under the threat of a lords veto now removed ulster protestants had been firmly against the passing of the bill however it never came into force because of the outbreak of the first world war amendments to the parliament act 1911 were made to prolong the life of the 1910 parliament following the outbreak of the first world war and 1935 parliament because of the second world war these made special exemptions to the requirement to hold an election every five years
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legislation passed through the parliament act without the consent of the lords is still considered primary legislation the importance of this was highlighted jackson v attorney general where the legality of the parliament act 1949 was questioned the challenge asserted foremost that the 1949 act was delegated rather than primary legislation and that the 1911 act had delegated power to the commons if this were the case then the commons could not empower itself through the 1949 act without direct permission from the lords since it was passed under the 1911 act it had never received the required consent of the lords however the 1949 act was found to be legal the 1911 act it was concluded was not primarily about empowering the commons but rather to restrict the ability of the lords to affect legislation this ruling also means that efforts to abolish the house of lords ( a major constitutional change ) using the act could be successful although the issue was not directly addressed in the ruling
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= = analysis = =
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the parliament act 1911 can be seen in the context of the british constitution rather than creating a written constitution parliament chose instead to legislate through the usual channels in response to the crisis this was a pragmatic response which avoided the further problems of codifying unwritten rules and reconstructing the entire government it is commonly considered a statute of constitutional importance which gives it informal priority in parliament and in the courts with regards to whether later legislation can change it and the process by which this may happen
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it is also mentioned in discussion of constitutional convention whilst it replaced conventions regarding the role of the house of lords it also relies on several others section 1 ( 1 ) only makes sense if money bills do not arise in the house of lords and the provisions in section 2 ( 1 ) only if proceedings on a public bill are completed in a single session otherwise they must fail and be put through procedure again
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= = = case law = = =
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= hibiscus ( restaurant ) =
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hibiscus is a london restaurant owned and run by french chef claude bosi it was opened in 2000 in ludlow shropshire and won its first michelin star within a year and a second in the 2004 guide in july 2006 bosi and his wife claire announced that they were to sell the location in ludlow and move closer to london the property was sold to alan murchison and bosi purchased a new site on maddox street in london
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bosi uses molecular gastronomy to create some items on the menu in an effort to enhance their flavours such as freeze @@ drying cabbage to create a purée the restaurant has received mixed reviews from critics but has been listed in the world 's 50 best restaurants since 2010 and was named by egon ronay as the best restaurant in the uk in 2005 the good food guide ranked hibiscus as the eighth @@ best restaurant in the uk in the 2013 edition it has also been awarded five aa rosettes
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in 2011 bosi started a new venture the fox & grapes in wimbledon this new gastropub operates under the same philosophy as hibiscus and is a collaboration with brother cedric and former sous chef at hibiscus patrick <unk>
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= = history = =
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claude bosi and his wife claire opened hibiscus in ludlow shropshire in 2000 the location had a 36 @@ seat capacity and was previously occupied by a three aa rosette restaurant called the oaks
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bosi had previously been head chef and won a michelin star at the overton grange restaurant just outside the town he had intended to open a restaurant in warwickshire but found the premises too expensive and purchased a 25 @@ year lease on the former oaks property in ludlow for £ 40 @@ 000 within a year hibiscus won its first michelin star and at the same time overton grange was downgraded before going in to receivership
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working under bosi at hibiscus was sous chef glynn purnell who left hibiscus in 2003 to become head chef at jessica 's restaurant in edgbaston hibiscus gained a second star in the 2004 michelin guide
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in july 2006 bosi and his wife claire announced that they were intending to sell hibiscus and open a new restaurant closer to london or in the capital itself hibiscus closed in ludlow in april 2007 with bosi selling the site to fellow chef alan murchison for £ 247 @@ 500 but retaining the hibiscus name for himself the restaurant was renamed le <unk> ( sic ) and underwent a £ 100 @@ 000 makeover before being re @@ opened under head chef will holland in 2014 murchison 's company went into voluntary liquidation after running up debts of almost half a million pounds
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bosi completed the deal in june 2007 for a new site at 29 maddox street in london he intended for the new hibiscus to be open by september and to transfer over the style of cooking he had used in ludlow saying i 'm transferring hibiscus not starting a new restaurant the idea is to continue and build on what i have been doing purchasing and fitting out the london premises cost around £ 1 million
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many of the staff from the ludlow incarnation of hibiscus agreed to move to london to continue working at the restaurant including head chef marcus mcguinness and sommelier simon freeman hibiscus re @@ opened in october 2007 in its new location after following building works and planning delays the interior of the london @@ based restaurant was decorated in orange and shades of brown the walls were covered in pale @@ coloured wooden panels and a chandelier designed as a series of globes <unk> from the middle of the main dining room 's ceiling
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the handover on the first day was so tight that builders moved out at midday and the first service was run at 7 pm that evening the late opening resulted in the reviewers for the michelin guide having only a two @@ week window in which to re @@ assess the restaurant for the 2008 guide bosi admitted later that the restaurant was not yet up to scratch in those two weeks and agreed with the decision of michelin to downgrade hibiscus to a single star in the 2008 guide the restaurant was also given a rising star as one with potential to go up to two stars in the future during the run up to christmas the stress of serving 550 covers a week in a new location with a modified menu resulted in three sous chefs resigning
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the two @@ star award was restored a year later in the 2009 michelin guide as had been predicted by a number of bosi 's fellow chefs including tom aikens antonin bonnet and richard corrigan sat bains went a step further and said i would love to see claude bosi regain his second star at hibiscus and win his third in time he s probably the best chef i know
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= = menu = =
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the menu is created by bosi he has been described as an innovator and his work has been compared to that of heston blumenthal at the fat duck one of the new dishes bosi introduced following his move to london was a two @@ part pork dish the first part was roasted suckling pig served with sea urchin <unk> and a <unk> of sweet potato the second inspired by his daughter featured a sausage roll with a salad and a truffle dressing other dishes have included roast chicken with an onion fondue and licorice and desserts include a chocolate tart served with basil ice cream
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bosi uses molecular gastronomy techniques such as in the process for making a savoy cabbage purée in which the cabbage is freeze dried into a powder and then reconstituted but he prefers only to enhance the flavours of individual ingredients rather than changing those flavours by using unusual techniques
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= = reception = =
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jay rayner reviewed the restaurant for the observer after hibiscus moved from ludlow to london his first time at the restaurant while stating that elements of the meal were very clever indeed such as foie gras ice cream and a sausage roll he described as a colossus he described the desserts as a disappointment calling an olive oil parfait a gloopy mess overall he planned on returning to give bosi another chance
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zoe williams also reviewed the restaurant shortly after it arrived in london for the daily telegraph she enjoyed her visit and was impressed with the unusual combinations of foods that worked together saying the sheer expertise of taking a food with a range of flavours and knowing it 's in peak condition to meet four others it really is something
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john walsh also visited it for the independent after the restaurant arrived in london and gave the food four stars and the ambience and service three stars terry durack reviewed it for the same paper giving the restaurant 17 out of 20
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food critics from time out visited the restaurant in 2009 and were disappointed compared to their previous visit they thought that bosi 's food combinations just did not work but still said that some of his desserts were faultless
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andy hayler gave the restaurant a score of six out of ten on his scale during his november 2011 visit the redeeming feature of his trip was a dish of venison he thought served with a confit of pear in mulled wine and savoy cabbage with a red wine and smoked chocolate sauce but he otherwise felt that the food was over @@ worked and the service peculiarly amateurish
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= = = ratings and awards = = =
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in 2005 hibiscus was one of three restaurants to be awarded three @@ stars by the egon ronay restaurant guide along with the waterside inn and restaurant tom aikens and was named ronay 's restaurant of the year
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the restaurant made its first entry in the world 's 50 best restaurants in 2010 ranked in 49th place and one of three british restaurants in the list the following year it moved up to 43rd
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the good food guide ranked hibiscus as the eighth @@ best restaurant in the uk in its 2013 guide
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the restaurant has been given five aa rosettes by the automobile association
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= chris turner ( american football ) =
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chris turner ( born september 8 1987 ) is an american football quarterback he played quarterback for the maryland terrapins at the university of maryland from 2007 to 2009 turner began his career at maryland as a redshirt in 2005 and then served as a reserve quarterback before he earned the starting position
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after a redshirt season in 2005 turner saw no playing time as the third @@ string quarterback the following year in 2007 he replaced the injured starter during the game against 10th @@ ranked rutgers and led the terrapins to an upset victory after that he remained as the team 's leader for the remainder of the season and against eighth @@ ranked boston college engineered another upset victory turner also helped maryland secure an appearance in the emerald bowl at the start of the 2008 season he was relegated to backup status but soon regained the starting position that year he led maryland in wins over four of their five ranked opponents and to an appearance in the humanitarian bowl he returned as the starter for the 2009 season but suffered a knee injury and was replaced by jamarr robinson
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= = early years = =
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turner was born in simi valley california to parents john and grace turner his father was the original drummer of the glam metal band ratt chris turner attended high school at the chaminade college preparatory school where he was a three @@ year <unk> and starting quarterback in football and pitcher in baseball as a sophomore he was on the junior varsity football team until midseason when the varsity quarterback suffered an injury against valencia high school a regional powerhouse turner described the incident as the last time that he was nervous during a game and said it got pretty ugly to be honest ever since then i 've always thought to myself ' it can 't get worse than that '
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at chaminade he led a pass @@ oriented offense and during his senior year accumulated 139 completions on 265 attempts 2 @@ 047 yards 16 touchdowns and 11 interceptions he was named to the all @@ california interscholastic federation ( cif ) second team as a senior and the all @@ mission league team as both a junior and senior superprep picked him as a far west all @@ region selection and prepstar as an all @@ region selection turner was assessed as a rivalscom three @@ star and scoutcom two @@ star recruit he received scholarship offers from boise state illinois louisville maryland oregon utah and utep maryland offered him after another californian recruit josh portis chose florida instead although portis later transferred to maryland and served as a backup alongside turner turner ultimately chose maryland which is located just outside washington dc partly due to his interest in politics
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= = college career = =
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= = = experience = = =
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turner sat out his true freshman year during the 2005 season on redshirt status in 2006 he served as the third @@ team quarterback behind starter sam hollenbach and reserve jordan steffy but turner saw no playing time during that season
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= = = = 2007 season = = = =
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in 2007 as the second @@ string quarterback he saw his first action against villanova when he was substituted for injured starter jordan steffy turner executed a scoring drive and completed four of six passes but also threw two interceptions he sat out the next two games and then took one snap against wake forest when the unranked terps faced 10th @@ ranked rutgers steffy suffered a concussion and turner again filled in he led drives for two touchdowns and two field goals in an upset of the scarlet knights 34 24 about the then relatively unknown turner rutgers head coach greg <unk> said i wish i would have seen this guy before turner started for the remaining eight games of the season in his career @@ first start he passed for 255 yards in a win against georgia tech 28 26 in the game he threw a 78 @@ yard touchdown pass which was caught by tight end jason goode rather than his intended receiver darrius heyward @@ bey after a three @@ game losing streak turner led another upset win over a top @@ ten team this time against eighth @@ ranked boston college 42 35 in the 24 16 loss to florida state turner had his worst performance of the season late in the second quarter he was benched and replaced by steffy for two possessions turner said i didn 't know that my leash was that short in the first place to be honest i didn 't think it would come to this i guess i should have after an uneven performance by steffy turner played the entire second half and showed improvement the following week maryland played their regular season finale against nc state and both teams needed an additional win to attain bowl eligibility maryland led in the second quarter 3 0 but was struggling offensively turner a generally immobile pocket quarterback invigorated the offense when he executed a 41 @@ yard option run for a first down he completed 19 of 24 passes for 206 yards and led a shutout of nc state 37 0 with the sixth win maryland was invited to the emerald bowl where they were beaten by oregon state 21 14 turner finished the season as the third @@ most efficient passer in the atlantic coast conference ( acc )
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= = = = 2008 season = = = =
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in 2008 maryland hired a new offensive coordinator james franklin who installed a west coast offense that season started with some controversy when head coach ralph friedgen initially selected senior jordan steffy as the starting quarterback turner considered returning home with a transfer to a californian school but ultimately decided against it when steffy was injured again in the season @@ opener against delaware turner was awarded the starting job for the rest of the season after maryland defeated 21st @@ ranked wake forest 26 0 turner was voted the acc player of the week and espn named him an on the mark quarterback against 16th @@ ranked north carolina turner 's split @@ second decision to hold onto the ball for a nine @@ yard run on fourth down and five put the team within range for the game @@ winning field goal 17 15 for that he was nominated for the week 's pontiac game changing performance the win improved maryland 's record to 7 3 and reasserted control over their acc championship destiny although they lost the next game against florida state 37 3 which ended the terrapins ' title hopes the following week against boston college turner set career highs with 33 completions 57 attempts and 360 passing yards but the effort fell short and maryland lost 28 21 in the postseason the terrapins played nevada in the humanitarian bowl where turner threw for 198 yards one interception two touchdowns including a 59 @@ yard long and a two @@ point conversion at the end of the season maryland had beaten four out of their five top 25 @@ ranked opponents a feat that was surpassed only by the teams in the bcs championship game florida and oklahoma
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= = = = 2009 season = = = =
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fifth @@ year senior turner entered the 2009 season as the uncontested starter at quarterback for the first time in his career he was backed @@ up by sophomore jamarr robinson and true freshmen c j brown and danny o 'brien turner 's seniority was called critical for the performance of the team 's relatively youthful offensive line head coach friedgen said if i had to choose between a veteran offensive line and an inexperienced quarterback or an inexperienced line with a veteran quarterback i think i 'd go with the veteran quarterback upon the conclusion of preseason camp the coaching staff praised his progress particularly his game @@ planning for which he had been criticized in the past turner said mentally i am way further ahead than where i was last year physically he dropped 16 pounds by adding muscle and losing body fat and weighed 220 pounds before the start of the season offensive coordinator franklin said you look at him he was kind of mushy last year you look at him now and he 's muscular and shaped he looks more athletic
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before the season turner was added to the watch list for the johnny unitas golden arm award an annual honor bestowed upon the nation 's top senior quarterback at that time he ranked as the school 's fourth all @@ time quarterback in terms of completion percentage fifth in completions seventh in total offensive yards and he is tied for 11th in number of touchdown passes in june 2009 turner stated that he wanted to leave a legacy at maryland in his final season he also expressed a desire to pursue a professional playing career in the national football league ( nfl ) if possible the nfl draft scout assessed turner as the 16th @@ ranked quarterback out of the 135 available for the 2010 nfl draft and projected him as a potential seventh @@ round selection
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= = = playing style and personality = = =
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prior to his senior year jeff barker of the baltimore sun noted that turner 's strengths were poise smarts [ and ] toughness while he had room for improvement in arm strength and mobility barker said he 's a bit streaky he calls himself a ' rhythm ' passer but he doesn 't quit when things go poorly his coolness can be mistaken for apathy turner typically confines himself to the pocket as his ability to run the ball himself is limited by his speed he has made light of his own lack of quickness by saying that he runs a flat 5 @@ 0 <unk> 40 @@ yard dash the cbs sports @@ affiliated nfl draft scout records his actual time as ranging from a low of 4 @@ 89 to a high of 5 @@ 16 seconds while scoutcom reports his 40 @@ yard time as 4 @@ 8 seconds turner 's supposedly one @@ dimensional nature however has occasionally allowed him to make unexpected plays with his feet the most noteworthy of these were the momentum @@ changing 41 @@ yard option run against nc state in 2007 and the fourth @@ down nine @@ yard scramble into field goal range against north carolina in 2008
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pundits and coaches sometimes characterized turner as a quarterback who did not excel during practices but executed well on game @@ day maryland head coach ralph friedgen said he 's pretty go @@ with @@ the @@ flow and that 's his greatest strength and maybe his greatest weakness the bottom line is he plays well in games the baltimore sun wrote that he seems to play his best when it counts and his worst when it doesn 't regarding the 2008 summer practices offensive coordinator james franklin said turner ranked in the middle compared with jordan steffy and josh portis in terms of completion percentage fewest interceptions and explosive plays that gained 16 yards or more turner conceded that steffy was a better game @@ planner during practices head coach ralph friedgen who had offered critical or subdued assessments of turners ' practice said his intensity grew after losing the starting position to steffy prior to the 2008 season turner said it lit a fire in me in the sense that i had to be ready
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among his maryland teammates and coaches turner earned a reputation as an archetypal laid @@ back californian and for remaining calm under pressure after the 2007 win over rutgers offensive tackle scott burley described his roommate turner as real calm [ in the huddle ] he would say ' guys are you ready to score again are you ready to run the ball on these guys ' and we 're like ' yeah let 's do that ' turner received the nicknames sunshine and napoleon dynamite in reference to his similar appearance to the fictional characters in the films remember the titans and napoleon dynamite respectively
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= = personal life = =
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turner graduated from the university of maryland in may 2009 with a bachelor 's degree in government and politics his strong interest in politics factored into his decision on where to attend college he chose the university of maryland partly based on its close proximity to washington dc turner 's political views are liberal he is registered as a democrat and has described himself as an idealist
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during the 2008 season political discussions were common in the maryland locker room because of the presidential election turner and fellow quarterback jordan steffy a conservative and supporter of presidential candidate senator john mccain were the most frequent debaters while defensive tackle dean muhtadi was described as the primary instigator during the summer of 2009 turner held an internship on capitol hill working for democratic representative steny hoyer the house majority leader and maryland 's fifth district congressman turner had previously considered volunteering for the presidential campaign of barack obama which he said probably annoyed his conservative father john turner describing his experience during the internship turner said it 's funny to compare how serious politics is and how serious football is depending on who you talk to they 're both pretty big deals there 's more to life than football
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incidentally turner 's favorite sport is soccer not football he is also interested in foreign cultures and expressed regret at being unable to spend a semester abroad because of college football turner said that dependent upon the outcome of his football career he would like to attend the 2010 world cup in south africa he also got to meet his childhood idol david beckham while at the 2010 south africa world cup
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= = statistics = =
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= jack and jill ( nursery rhyme ) =
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jack and jill ( sometimes jack and gill particularly in earlier versions ) is a traditional english nursery rhyme the roud folk song index classifies this tune and its variations as number <unk> the rhyme dates back at least to the 18th century and exists with different numbers of verses each with a number of variations several theories have been advanced to explain its origins and to suggest meanings for the lyrics
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