text
stringlengths 127
2.59k
|
|---|
{"id": 12452, "answer": 2, "text": "Images from ground-based telescopes are invariably distorted by the Earth' s atmosphere. Orbiting space telescopes, however, operating above Earth' s atmosphere, should provide superbly detailed images. Ttherefore, ground-based telescopes will soon become obsolete for advanced astronomical research purposes.", "question": "Which of the following statements, if true, would cast the most doubt on the conclusion drawn above?", "options": ["Ground-based telescopes located on mountain summits are not subject to the kinds of atmospheric distortion which, at low altitudes, make stars appear to twinkle.", "By careful choice of observatory location, it is possible for large-aperture telescopes to avoid most of the kind of wind turbulence that can distort image quality.", "Detailed spectral analyses, upon which astronomers rely for determining the chemical composition and evolutionary history of stars, require telescopes with more light-gathering capacity than space telescopes can provide.", "When large-aperture telescopes are located at high altitudes near the equator, they permit the best Earth-based observations of the center of the Milky Way Galaxy, a prime target of astronomical research."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 14855, "answer": 2, "text": "Airport administrator: According to the latest figures, less than 1 commercial flight in 2 million strays off course while landing, a number low enough to allow runways to be built closer together without a significant increase in risk. Opponents of closer runways claim that the number is closer to 1 in 20, 000, but this figure is based on a partial review of air traffic control tapes and so is relatively unreliable compared to the other figure, which is based on a thorough study of the flight reports required of pilots for all commercial flights.", "question": "Which one of the following most accurately describes a flaw in the airport administrator's argument?", "options": ["The argument questions the integrity of those who are opposed to allowing runways to be built closer together.", "The argument presumes, without providing justification, that the air traffic control tapes studied do not provide accurate information concerning specific flights.", "The argument overlooks the fact that those who make mistakes are often unreliable sources of information about those mistakes.", "The argument presumes, without providing justification, that building runways closer together will encourage pilots to be more cautious while landing."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 2265, "answer": 0, "text": "No reform can succeed without the support and participation of the people. Only when the will of the people is fully respected and broad consensus is reached can the people actively support and participate in reform. We must uphold the principal position of the people, give full play to their initiative, and rely closely on them to push forward reform and opening up.", "question": "Based on the above statement, which of the following can be concluded?", "options": ["Only with the support and participation of the people can reform succeed", "Only by upholding the principal position of the people can we give full play to their initiative", "If the people are enthusiastic about reform, there is a broad consensus", "If the will of the people is not fully respected, the people will not actively support reform"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 10444, "answer": 0, "text": "When local governments auction land, there is a basic price, which is called the base price of land. The ratio of the amount that exceeds the base price of land to the base price of land is called premium rate. The premium rate indicates the popularity of the land market and the property market. There is a piece of land in City B that was temporarily suspended during its first listing this year because the premium rate will hit a record high. The second listing ended up trading at a premium lower than the first listing, but the total amount of the transaction exceeded the amount that could be achieved the first time.", "question": "Which of the following options, if true, best explains the seemingly inconsistent phenomenon mentioned above?", "options": ["When the land in city B was listed for the second time, the government raised the base price of its land.", "This year, City B has implemented the strictest real estate regulation and control policy in the country.", "At present, the proceeds from land auctions are an important source of finance for local governments.", "When this piece of land in city B was listed for the second time, the competition among the developers was much fiercer than the first time."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 14726, "answer": 3, "text": "Critic: An art historian argues that because fifteenth- century European paintings were generally more planimetric (that is, two-dimensional with no attempt at suggesting depth) than were sixteenth-century paintings, fifteenth-century painters had a greater mastery of painting than did sixteenth-century painters. However, this conclusion is wrong. Fifteenth-century European painters did not have a greater mastery of painting, for the degree to which a painting is planimetric is irrelevant to the painter' s mastery.", "question": "The argument is flawed in that it", "options": ["takes a necessary condition for an argument's being inadequate to be a sufficient condition for an argument's being inadequate", "rejects a position merely because the proponent of the position has other objectionable views", "bases its conclusion on two claims that contradict each other", "rejects a position on the grounds that an inadequate argument has been made for it"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 14824, "answer": 3, "text": "Theories in certain scientific fields may be in flux today, but this unsettled state must be attributed to scientific progress, not to a lack of theoretical rigor. Several decades of scientific research have recently culminated in a wealth of new discoveries in these fields, and whenever many new facts come to light in a field, the ways in which that field organizes its knowledge inevitably need adjustment.", "question": "The argument proceeds by", "options": ["showing that two alternate explanations for a situation are equally probable", "citing a law of nature to explain a particular kind of change", "explaining why a situation came about by referring to the intended outcome of a course of action", "presenting the situation to be explained as part of a general pattern"], "type": {"Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 4541, "answer": 2, "text": "Some students who participated in the summer advanced workshop on linguistics won the youth linguistics award. All third year master students majoring in Chinese participated in the summer advanced workshop on linguistics. All first year master students majoring in Chinese did not participate in the summer advanced workshop on linguistics.", "question": "If the above statement is true, which of the followings can we deduce?", "options": ["Some of the students who have won the youth linguistics award are third year master students majoring in Chinese", "Some third year master students majoring in Chinese have won the youth linguistics award", "Some students who have won the youth linguistics award are not first-year master students majoring in Chinese", "Some first-year master students majoring in Chinese have won the youth linguistics award"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 4156, "answer": 2, "text": "In 2005 Shanghai invited Manchester United to Shanghai for a friendly match. In just one day, the sponsor grossed eight million yuan. This time, Shanghai invited Spain's Real Madrid Club for a friendly match and plus various activities with the fans inside the stadium, the sponsor is ready to make ten million yuan of box office revenue in two days.", "question": "Which of the following assumptions is most likely implied by the above inference?", "options": ["This event will take two days longer than the last time, which can attract more fans.", "Many people in Shanghai missed the Manchester United game, this time can be compensated.", "The level of fans' affection for the two clubs, estimated attendance, ticket prices and so on are very similar.", "This time the sponsor launched an interactive event and more fans can participate."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 1047, "answer": 3, "text": "A study found that a pair of right-handed couples are only about 9.5% likely to have left-handed children. If one of the parents is left-handed, the probability of the child being left-handed rises to 19.5%. If both parents are left-handed, the probability of the child being left-handed is 26%. Therefore, the researchers believe that the habit of using left and right hands is genetically affected.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, can weaken the above view?", "options": ["For most animals, the habit of using one side limb seems to be random.", "Different habits, left-handed or right-handed, are likely to bring different talents to different people.", "It is observed that once children form the habit of using their left or right hands, it is difficult to change them.", "A study of twins found that 50% of twins are left-handed and one is right-handed."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 12660, "answer": 1, "text": "Most of the employees of the Compujack Corporation are computer programmers. Since most computer programmers receive excellent salaries from their employers, at least one Compujack employee must receive an excellent salary from Compujack.", "question": "Which one of the following arguments exhibits a flawed pattern of reasoning most similar to the flawed pattern of reasoning exhibited by the argument above?", "options": ["Most of Molly's classmates are gardeners with a great deal of patience. Since most of Molly's classmates are women, at least one female classmate of Molly's must be a gardener with a great deal of patience.", "Most gardeners are people with a great deal of patience. Since most of Molly's classmates are gardeners, at least one of Molly's classmates must be a person with a great deal of patience.", "Most gardeners are people with a great deal of patience. Since most of Molly's classmates are gardeners, at least one of Molly's classmates who is a gardener must be a person with a great deal of patience.", "Most gardeners are people with a great deal of patience. Since most of Molly's classmates who garden are women, at least one female classmate of Molly's must be a person with a great deal of patience."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 11067, "answer": 1, "text": "TrueSave is a mail-order company that ships electronic products from its warehouses to customers worldwide. The company' s shipping manager is proposing that customer orders be packed with newer, more expensive packing materials that virtually eliminate damage during shipping. The manager argues that overall costs would essentially remain unaffected, since the extra cost of the new packing materials roughly equals the current cost of replacing products returned by customers because they arrived in damaged condition.", "question": "Which of the following would it be most important to ascertain in determining whether implementing the shipping manager's proposal would have the argued-for effect on costs?", "options": ["Whether the products shipped by TrueSave are more vulnerable to incurring damage during shipping than are typical electronic products", "Whether a sizable proportion of returned items are returned because of damage already present when those items were packed for shipping", "Whether electronic products are damaged more frequently in transit than are most other products shipped by mail-order companies", "Whether TrueSave continually monitors the performance of the shipping companies it uses to ship products to its customers"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 11641, "answer": 1, "text": "Nutritionist: The food pyramid was amended to provide the public with a healthier nutrition plan to combat the obesity epidemic. The base of the previous food pyramid -- the grains group -- advised people to eat six-to-eleven servings of pasta and bread per day. In contrast, the updated pictorial nutrition guide shows a plate, and it reduces the percentage of dietary intake of grains and replaces the difference with lean proteins and vegetables. The updated guide has been wildly successful, as citizens have lost a significant amount of weight.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, most strengthens the nutritionist's conclusion?", "options": ["Since the publication of the updated food guide, citizens have started to exercise more.", "Eating more lean proteins and vegetables contributes to weight loss.", "Eating six-to-eleven servings of pasta and bread increased citizens' risk of heart disease.", "The old food pyramid used horizontal layers, while the updated guide uses vertical layers."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 13524, "answer": 2, "text": "Commentator: Human behavior cannot be fully understood without inquiring into nonphysical aspects of persons. As evidence of this, I submit the following: suppose that we had a complete scientific account of the physical aspects of some particular human action -- every neurological, physiological, and environmental event involved. Even with all that we would obviously still not truly comprehend the action or know why it occurred.", "question": "Which one of the following most accurately describes a flaw in the argument's reasoning?", "options": ["It fails to indicate whether the speaker is aware of any evidence that could undermine the conclusion.", "No support is offered for its conclusion other than an analogy that relates only superficially to the issue at hand.", "The purported evidence that it cites in support of its conclusion presumes that the conclusion is true.", "It concludes that a proposition must be true merely on the grounds that it has not been proven false."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 6213, "answer": 2, "text": "The development of foreign investment economy and Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan economy within a certain range is of great significance to strengthen China's modernization. It can make up for the relative shortage of funds and build a number of urgently needed projects in the national economy. We can introduce advanced technology and scientific management methods to improve China's production technology and economic management level. It can increase national and local fiscal revenue and accumulate construction funds. It can also expand employment, improve people's living standards, expand exports and increase foreign exchange income.", "question": "Which of the following is the central idea of the above paragraph?", "options": ["To develop foreign investment economy and Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan investment economy within a certain range can improve people's living standards.", "To develop foreign investment economy and Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan investment economy within a certain range can increase fiscal revenue.", "To develop foreign investment economy and Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan investment economy within a certain range is of great significance to accelerate China's modernization.", "To develop foreign investment economy and Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan investment economy within a certain range can increase construction funds."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 898, "answer": 0, "text": "Zhang Ming said that if Li Ming is selected as the coach, then Wang Fang will be the team leader. Li Hong said she disagree with that.", "question": "Which of the followings best fits Li Hong's meaning?", "options": ["Choose Li Ming as the coach, but can't let Wang Fang as the team leader.", "If you choose Li Ming as the coach, you can't let Wang Fang be the team leader.", "Don't choose Li Ming as the coach, but let Wang Fang be the team leader.", "If you don't choose Li Ming as the coach, let Wang Fang be the team leader."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 586, "answer": 3, "text": "German doctor Merlin and Russian Minkowski, who worked together on digestive function, found that in experimental dogs. The pancreas of dogs was removed, and the urine of such dogs always attracted flocks of bees. The tests showed that dogs had high levels of sugar in their urine. Scientists speculate that the pancreas may be linked to diabetes", "question": "Which of the followings supports for the above conclusions strongly", "options": ["Doctor used insulin to control diabetes", "Pancreas has digestive function", "Pancreas is synthesized with sugar", "Pancreatic cancer can aggravate diabetes"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 12029, "answer": 0, "text": "Principle: Any person or business knowingly aiding someone' s infringement on a copyright is also guilty of copyright infringement. Application: Grandview Department Store, which features a self-service photo-printing kiosk, is guilty of copyright infringement since a customer using the kiosk infringed on a wedding photographer' s copyright by printing photographs whose copyright is held by the photographer.", "question": "Which one of the following, if assumed, most helps to justify the application of the principle?", "options": ["A person or business providing a service that can be expected to be used to infringe on a copyright should be considered to knowingly aid any copyright infringer using the service.", "Owners of self-service facilities should monitor those facilities in order to ensure that they are not used for illegal or unethical purposes.", "The operator of a business has the same legal obligations to customers who use self-service facilities as it has to customers who use full-service facilities.", "The management of a business that is open to the public is obligated to report to the authorities any illegal activity that it witnesses on its property."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 772, "answer": 1, "text": "Studies have shown that people who sleep more than eight hours have healthier skin than those who usually stay up late. Some financial workers stay up all night, and some sports workers sleep for more than eight hours. Zhang Yu is a sports worker.", "question": "Which of the following options can be deducted?", "options": ["Most sports workers have healthier skin than some financial workers.", "Some sports workers have healthier skin than some financial workers.", "The skin of some financial workers is healthier than that of Zhang Yu. ", "Zhang Yu's skin is healthier than that of some financial workers."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 12564, "answer": 0, "text": "Sanderson intentionally did not tell his cousin about overhearing someone say that the factory would close, knowing that if he withheld this information, his cousin would assume it would remain open. Clearly this was morally wrong. After all, lying is morally wrong. And making a statement with the intention of misleading someone is lying. True, it was Sanderson' s failing to state something that misled his cousin. Yet there is no moral difference between stating and failing to state if they are done with the same intention.", "question": "Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument?", "options": ["Sanderson believed that the factory would in fact be closing.", "Sanderson had something to gain by his cousin's continuing to believe that the factory would remain open.", "Sanderson would have lied to his cousin if his cousin had asked him whether the factory would be closing.", "No one ever told Sanderson's cousin about the factory closing."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 3845, "answer": 1, "text": "All people living in a city are entitled to a card after reaching 65, guaranteeing them discounts on most of the city's public transport services. Census records from 1990 show that 2,450 of the city's residents turned 64 that year, but in 1991, more than 3,000 applied for and reasonably received discount cards. So it is clear that part of the city's population growth between 1990 and 1991 must have come from people in their 60s migrating to the city.", "question": "Which of the following assumptions is the above discussion based on?", "options": ["The city's 1990 Census records were problem", "The city's total population grew by more than 500 during the 1990s", "People who applied for and received a discount card in 1991 were entitled to apply for the card for the first time that year", "None of those 65 years of age or older who migrating to the city in 1991 have not applied for a discount card"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 3534, "answer": 3, "text": "An institutional unit is an entity that can own resources, assume liabilities, engage in economic activities and conduct economic transactions with other units.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following is an institutional unit?", "options": ["A subsidiary factory of an enterprise", "By a college owned by the student canteen", "A department managed by Peking Union Medical College Hospital", "Changsha Huanghua Airport"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 2912, "answer": 0, "text": "Kong Zhi, Meng Rui, Xun Hui, Zhuang Cong, Mo Ling, and Han Min formed a team to participate in a chess competition. Two of them participated in the Go game, two in the Chinese chess game, and two others, chess game. Regarding their specific participation in the competition, the following conditions must be met: (1) Each player can only participate in one competition; (2) Kong Zhi participates in the Go game, and Zhuang Cong and Meng Rui both participate in the Chinese chess game; (3) If Han Min does not participate in the chess competition, then Mo Ling will participate in the Chinese chess competition; (4) If Xun Hui participates in the Chinese chess competition, then Zhuang Cong will not participate in the Chinese chess competition; (5) At least one of Xun Hui and Mo Ling will not participate in the Chinese chess competition .", "question": "If Xun Hui participates in a Chinese chess competition, which of the following can be derived?", "options": ["Han Min participates in a chess competition", "Meng Rui participates in a Go game", "Mo Ling participates in a chess competition", "Meng Rui participates in chess competition"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 3393, "answer": 3, "text": "Formal communication refers to the transmission and communication of information within the organizational system according to certain organizational principles. For example, correspondence between organizations, internal communication of documents, meetings, regular exchange of information between superiors and subordinates. In addition, the group organized visits, technical exchanges, market research and so on are also included.", "question": "Which of the following is a formal communication channel?", "options": ["Grapevine.", "A Friend's party.", "Lunch in the cafeteria.", "Staff meeting."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 12436, "answer": 3, "text": "Municipal legislator: The mayor proposes that the city accept a lighting company' s gift of several high-tech streetlights. Surely there would be no problem in accepting these despite some people' s fear that the company wants to influence the city' s decision regarding park lighting contracts. The only ulterior motive I can find is the company' s desire to have its products seen by mayors who will visit the city for an upcoming convention. In any case, favoritism in city contracts is prevented by our competitive-bidding procedure.", "question": "Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main conclusion of the municipal legislator's argument?", "options": ["The lighting company's desire to display its products to visiting mayors is the real motivation behind the suggested gift of streetlights.", "Some people's fear that the company wants to influence the city's decision regarding park lighting contracts is unfounded.", "It is not appropriate that any company should have the unique opportunity to display its products to mayors attending the upcoming convention.", "The mayor's proposal to accept the gift of streetlights should not be considered problematic."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 11226, "answer": 1, "text": "In a recent study, each member of two groups of people, Group A (composed of persons sixty-five to seventy-five years old) and Group B (composed of college students), was required to make a telephone call to a certain number at a specified time. The time when each call was initiated was recorded electronically. Group A proved far better at remembering to make a telephone call precisely at a specified time than did Group B. There were fourteen lapses in Group B but only one lapse in Group A. Clearly, at least one type of memory does not suffer as a person ages.", "question": "Which one of the following, if all of them are true, is LEAST helpful in establishing that the conclusion above is properly drawn?", "options": ["The members of the two groups received their instructions approximately the same amount of time before they were to make their telephone calls.", "The same group of researchers answered the calls made by the callers in both study groups.", "Both groups had unrestricted access to telephones for making the required calls.", "There was the same number of people in each group."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 6427, "answer": 0, "text": "Some people say that Zhouzhuang was at the expense of the destruction of Suzhou, and I immediately flashed the appearance of ancient Suzhou. Yes, Suzhou has taken off its Luo shirt and long coat. Suzhou is much more modern. Although he still has a silk-embroidered fan in his hand, it is no longer the old appearance of hiding in purdah. In this way, Zhouzhuang, a classical embroidery girl in the south of the Yangtze River, became famous all over the world.", "question": "Which of the following is the main content of this text?", "options": ["The modernization of Suzhou makes Zhouzhuang, which still retains the classical charm of Jiangnan, stand out", "Zhouzhuang has the charm of Jiangnan classical embroidery girl more than Suzhou", "The modernization of Suzhou made her lose her original classical charm", "Zhouzhuang is one of the famous tourist attractions in the south of the Yangtze River"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 13803, "answer": 1, "text": "Would it be right for the government to abandon efforts to determine at what levels to allow toxic substances in our food supply? Only if it can reasonably be argued that the only acceptable level of toxic substances in food is zero. However, virtually all foods contain perfectly natural substances that are toxic but cause no harm because they do not occur in food in toxic concentrations. Furthermore, we can never be certain of having reduced the concentration of any substance to zero; all we can ever know is that it has been reduced to below the threshold of detection of current analytical methods.", "question": "The main conclusion of the argument is that", "options": ["the only acceptable level of toxic substances in food is zero", "the government should continue trying to determine acceptable levels for toxic substances in our food supply", "the government needs to refine its methods of detecting toxic substances in our food supply", "naturally occurring toxic substances in food present little danger because they rarely occur in toxic concentrations"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 6816, "answer": 2, "text": "Ralph Darrandolph wrote in 1998 that the 20th century was largely dominated by divisions, leading to a hot cold war, but it was also the origin of integration; globalization began to dominate people's lives, imagination and fear. People have to think from a global perspective to respond to this increasingly globalized reality.", "question": "Which of the following options is the situation of the 20th century highlighted by Darrandolf here?", "options": ["Global upheaval is worrying.", "The confrontation between countries is fierce.", "The connection between the world is getting closer and closer.", "Ethnic contradictions are gradually easing."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 746, "answer": 3, "text": "According to the daily mail of Britain, Fuji photographic film company of Japan will use its film technology to innovate skin care products and enter the beauty industry. The collagen in photosensitive emulsion can prevent the film from being oxidized, It is similar to using collagen to protect skin from ultraviolet radiation. Some consumers loyal to Fuji brand think this is good news for beauty lovers.", "question": "Which is the implicit assumption that consumers draw the above conclusions?", "options": ["Skin care products containing collagen are widely welcomed by consumers in Asia, Europe and other regions", "Fuji has a huge production capacity to produce skin care products containing collagen", "Scientists have found antioxidants in Fuji's skin care products", "Skin care products can use the scientific research achievements and technology used in Fuji film production"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 7263, "answer": 2, "text": "All poor countries have been plagued, and all democratic countries have not been plagued, so all democratic countries are not poor countries.", "question": "Which of the followings is similar to the above reasoning structure:", "options": ["All animals are creatures, all creatures are selective, so all animals are selective", "All corruption is a crime, and all Changji people are not criminals, so all embezzlers are not Changji people", "All lies are inconsistent with the facts, and the truth is consistent with the facts, so all truths are not lies", "All vegetables are nutritious, and all clovers have no nutrition, so people who eat clover are undernourished"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 10875, "answer": 0, "text": "A new tax law aimed at encouraging the reforestation of cleared land in order to increase the amount of forested land in a particular region offers lumber companies tax incentives for each unit of cleared land they reforest. One lumber company has accordingly reduced its tax liability by purchasing a large tract of cleared land in the region and reforesting it. The company paid for the purchase by clearing a larger tract of land in the region, a tract that it had planned to hold in long-term reserve.", "question": "If the statements above are true, which one of the following must be true about the new tax law?", "options": ["It can provide a motivation for companies to act in a manner contrary to the purpose of the law while taking advantage of the tax incentives.", "It will have no immediate effect on the amount of forested land in the region.", "It will ultimately cause lumber companies to plant trees on approximately as much land as they harvest in the region.", "It will provide lumber companies with a tax incentive that will ultimately be responsible for a massive decrease in the number of mature forests in the region."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 7091, "answer": 3, "text": "Body fluid refers to the body contains a large amount of water-based fluids, including intracellular and extracellular fluids, which in addition to containing a large amount of water, there are many ions and compounds.", "question": "Which of the following do not belong to body fluids?", "options": ["Sweat from a hot environment.", "The flow of plasma through a blood vessel.", "Interstitial fluid.", "A lymph that flows through a lymphatic vessel."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 8326, "answer": 3, "text": "The common people's lecturer means that grass-roots units select ordinary people to publicize the principles and policies of the party and the government in a form that they like to hear and see.", "question": "Which of the followings belongs to the common people's lecturer?", "options": ["The town government often invites villagers who are familiar with the local conditions and customs to introduce the basic situation of the countryside to the new cadres and explain the methods of implementing superior policies in rural areas.", "Lao Chen, the secretary of the village branch, watches the News broadcast on time every day, publicizes the principles and policies of the Party and the state by chatting with the villagers, and answers their questions.", "After retiring, Mr. Zhu walked the streets for a long time to publicize the principle of changing customs and revitalizing the countryside, and was awarded the title of rural cultural celebrity by the township government.", "Entrusted by the street office, Mr. Jiang, a citizen, compiled the new medical insurance policy into Allegro, recorded it as a video, and posted it on the official Wechat account and moments every day."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 6592, "answer": 1, "text": "In the public impression, every time the tailings treatment is strengthened, it is always after the serious tailings dam break accident. And the assault type of tailings treatment is unlikely to be effective for a long time. A large number of tailings are increasing with the continuous increase of mining. With the depletion of the mine, the tailings stored for years are stacked on the hillside of the river bank. Due to the lack of effective treatment methods at the technical level, they can only be exposed in an unsafe way. Continue to remain in nature.", "question": "Which of the following options is the main message of this passage?", "options": ["We always do a surprise treatment of tailings after an accident.", "If the tailings can not be treated effectively, it will give rise to all kinds of hidden dangers and threats.", "The leftover historical burden and new hidden dangers have greatly increased the pressure on tailings treatment.", "In what mode will China's tailings management continue to be effective?"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 4509, "answer": 0, "text": "In 2009, an Air France plane crashed. If France and other countries do not take active search and rescue action, the wreckage will not be found as soon as possible. The investigation report on the crash would have been more objective if the plane design company had provided technical support and sent experts to participate in the cause analysis.", "question": "If the above statement is true, which of the following can not be false?", "options": ["Or France and many other countries to take active search and rescue operations, or will not find the wreckage of the plane as soon as possible.", "Unless the crashed aircraft design company provides technical support, the wreckage of the crashed plane will be found as soon as possible.", "If France and other countries take active search and rescue operations, the wreckage of the crashed plane will be found as soon as possible.", "The investigation report on the crash would have been more objective if the plane design company had provided technical support."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 3932, "answer": 3, "text": "Three buyers go to a shop regularly. A goes to the store every 9 days, B goes to the store every 11 days and C goes to the store every 7 days. The three met at the store for the first time on Tuesday.", "question": "Which of the following is the date of their next meeting?", "options": ["Tuesday.", "Thursday.", "Monday.", "Wednesday."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 8817, "answer": 0, "text": "There are 7 heart disease patients E, F, G, H, I, J, K to be assigned to 4 doctors for treatment, they are Dr. Zhang, Dr. Li, Dr. Wang and Dr. Liu. Only one doctor can be responsible for each patient, and each doctor is responsible for the treatment of up to two patients. Among the patients, J and K are children, and the remaining 5 are adults; E, F, and J are male, and the remaining 4 are female. The following conditions must be met: (1) Dr. Zhang is only responsible for treating male patients. (2) Dr. Li can only be responsible for the treatment of 1 patient. (3) If a doctor is responsible for the treatment of a child, he must be responsible for the treatment of an adult of the same sex as the child.", "question": "According to the above, which of the followings is definitely true?", "options": ["Dr. Wang treats at least one female patient.", "Dr. Wang treats at least one child.", "Dr. Liu treats at least one male patient.", "Dr. Liu treats at least one child."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 12333, "answer": 2, "text": "On the first day of trout season a team of biologists went with local trout anglers to the Macawber River. Each angler who caught at least 2 trout chose exactly 2 of these trout for the biologists to weigh. A total of 90 fish were weighed. The measurements show that at the beginning of this season the average trout in the Macawber River weighed approximately 1. 6 kilograms.", "question": "The reasoning above is most vulnerable to criticism on the grounds that it", "options": ["does not consider whether any fish other than trout were caught", "fails to take into account measurements from the same time in previous seasons", "makes a generalization from a sample that is unlikely to be representative", "relies on evidence that is anecdotal rather than scientific"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 3975, "answer": 0, "text": "An expert on the current multi-lateral aviation security questions issued a statement. He said regional planes are subject to the same safety standards as big Boeing and Airbus planes, as well as the same structural strength for large and small planes. Passengers feel the regional turbulence, because the larger the aircraft, the more anti-interference ability, so feel stable. In fact, there is no difference in safety between regional and regional planes.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, most challenges the expert's opinion?", "options": ["In recent years, China's regional aviation development is too fast. The problem of management and equipment lag of regional planes is becoming more and more serious.", "In mature markets such as North America and Europe, regional planes account for nearly 40% of the total.", "In aviation accidents, it is very important whether the passengers have the ability to leave the plane quickly.", "Some cerebrovascular disease don't want to fly on a regional planes."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 11493, "answer": 0, "text": "Politician: The current crisis in mathematics education must be overcome if we are to remain competitive in the global economy. Alleviating this crisis requires the employment of successful teaching methods. No method of teaching a subject can succeed that does not get students to spend a significant amount of time outside of class studying that subject.", "question": "Which one of the following statements follows logically from the statements above?", "options": ["The current crisis in mathematics education will not be overcome unless students spend a significant amount of time outside of class studying mathematics.", "Students' spending a significant amount of time outside of class studying mathematics would help us to remain competitive in the global economy.", "Few subjects are as important as mathematics to the effort to remain competitive in the global economy.", "If students spend a significant amount of time outside of class studying mathematics, the current crisis in mathematics education will be overcome."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 4903, "answer": 2, "text": "China's 20 million families make a living by producing silk, and the export volume accounts for three quarters of the world market. However, in recent years, the silk industry has faced export difficulties: the image of silk has declined, the export volume has decreased, and some Asian competitors have met. Some countries have also implemented quotas on silk import, which is undoubtedly a blow to China's silk industry.", "question": "This shows that:", "options": ["At present, China has not imported silk", "At present, China's silk export volume is decreasing year by year", "The silk industry in some other countries has made great progress", "At present, China's silk export volume is no longer the first in the world"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 1730, "answer": 3, "text": "With the popularity of internet languages among teenagers, there are many different types of internet languages, from meimei (beauty) and 88 (goodbye) which appeared in the early days to even (me) and porridge (like) which are in the process of being humiliated. The teacher is worried that parents are anxious, and the influence of online language on people's daily communication is inevitable. However, online language is not a scourge, and online language needs to be channeled and guided.", "question": "Which of the following is the main point that is least supported by this passage?", "options": ["Network language must revolution modern Chinese", "Language also has survival of the fittest", "Channeled and guided: two drugs for standardizing online language", "Do not use online languages that do not conform to modern Chinese vocabulary and grammatical norms"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 11376, "answer": 2, "text": "According to a review of 61 studies of patients suffering from severely debilitating depression, a large majority of the patients reported that missing a night' s sleep immediately lifted their depression. Yet sleep-deprivation is not used to treat depression even though the conventional treatments, which use drugs and electric shocks, often have serious side effects.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, best explains the fact that sleep-deprivation is not used as a treatment for depression?", "options": ["The dramatic shifts in mood connected with sleep and wakefulness have not been traced to particular changes in brain chemistry.", "Keeping depressed patients awake is more difficult than keeping awake people who are not depressed.", "Depression returns in full force as soon as the patient sleeps for even a few minutes.", "For a small percentage of depressed patients, missing a night's sleep induces a temporary sense of euphoria."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 13918, "answer": 0, "text": "James: Chemists have recently invented a new technique for extracting rhodium, an element necessary for manufacturing catalytic converters for automobiles, from nuclear waste. Catalytic converters function to remove noxious gases from automobile exhaust. The use of nuclear power is ttherefore contributing in at least one way to creating a cleaner environment. Marta: The technique you mention, though effective, is still at an experimental stage, so there has been no shift in the sources of the rhodium currently used in manufacturing catalytic converters.", "question": "Marta responds to James's argument by", "options": ["pointing out a fact that James, in drawing his conclusion, did not take into account", "indicating that James is assuming the truth of the conclusion that he intends to establish", "casting doubt on the accuracy of the claims made by James in support of his conclusion", "questioning the credibility of advocates of nuclear power"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 3124, "answer": 2, "text": "As an edible sugar, fructose has been widely used in the food processing industry. Fructose is kept in the blood after entering human cells. Its metabolic pathway in the human body is independent of insulin. The intake of human body does not cause fluctuations in blood glucose and insulin levels. Therefore, fructose has a smaller effect on glucose in patients with diabetes than glucose, and blood sugar in diabetic patients does not increase after fructose intake. Fructose is a kind of sugar beneficial to health.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, does not weaken the above conclusion?", "options": ["In the population with high fructose intake, the incidence of obesity and obesity related diseases was significantly higher than the average level.", "When fructose enters the body, it is easier to convert into triglycerides than glucose, and finally produce more fat, which is stored in the viscera.", "Fructose is hydrolyzed from starch, which is first decomposed into glucose, and then transformed into a mixture of fructose and glucose, so fructose does not come from fruit.", "Long term intake of large amounts of fructose can lead to an increase in insulin resistance, which indicates that the sensitivity of insulin to blood glucose changes is reduced, which can lead to diabetes."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 2533, "answer": 2, "text": "In the treatment of patients with recurrent severe colds, some doctors often use one antibiotic continuously, which will have two side effects: one is that it often destroys the balance of bacteria in the patient's body; the other is to make the patient develop drug resistance. Because bacteria that are not killed by antibiotics begin to become drug-resistant, and they may continue to reproduce.", "question": "Which of the following methods is most likely to solve the above problem?", "options": ["Only use antibiotics that have good anti-inflammatory effects", "Research on better antibiotics to reduce side effects", "According to the patient's condition, different kinds of antibiotics are used periodically", "Use Chinese medicine instead of antibiotics"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 15038, "answer": 3, "text": "Naturalist: The recent claims that the Tasmanian tiger is not extinct are false. The Tasmanian tiger' s natural habitat was taken over by sheep farming decades ago, resulting in the animal' s systematic elimination from the area. Since then naturalists working in the region have discovered no hard evidence of its survival, such as carcasses or tracks. In spite of alleged sightings of the animal, the Tasmanian tiger no longer exists.", "question": "Which one of the following is an assumption on which the naturalist's argument depends?", "options": ["Those who have reported sightings of the Tasmanian tiger are not experienced naturalists.", "Every naturalist working in the Tasmanian tiger's natural habitat has looked systematically for evidence of the tiger's survival.", "Some scavengers in Tasmania are capable of destroying tiger carcasses without a trace.", "The Tasmanian tiger did not move and adapt to a different region in response to the loss of habitat."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 888, "answer": 3, "text": "At an economics seminar, experts and scholars who attended the meeting expressed their views in response to the current domestic consumer price increase. An economist pointed out that this round of price increases is mainly manifested in the increase in food prices. The fundamental reason lies in excess liquidity, which is manifested by excessive currency input. These excess funds need to find a way out for investment, so there will be investment or economic overheating. Excess liquidity is a hidden danger for current price increases.", "question": "Which of the followings, if true, can weaken the above-mentioned economist's view?", "options": ["Practice has proved that when there is insufficient liquidity in the market, it often leads to oversupply and lower consumer prices.", "According to an authoritative survey, 80% of food producers said that the increase in cost is the reason for the increase in food prices.", "This economist has been unknown in the domestic economics circle before.", "What caused this round of consumer price increases is still under further study."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 8260, "answer": 1, "text": "After the long-distance running results of the Games were announced, Xiao Zhang said: I am in the top five, Xiao Xia's position is not good, Xiao Wang is the last to cross the finish line. Xiao Xia said: my long-distance running results have always been at this level, and I followed Xiao Wang across the finish line. Xiao Wang said, both Xiao Zhang and Xiao Xia have better grades than me. At most one in three people tells lies.", "question": "Based on this, it can be concluded that which of the followings is correct?", "options": ["Xiao Zhang told a lie", "Xiao Xia told a lie", "Xiao Wang told a lie", "None of them told a lie"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 7691, "answer": 2, "text": "Physicist Fermi famously proposed the Fermi paradox: Given the Milky Way's ancient age and other factors, if there really is intelligent life out there, they would have visited Earth long ago; But the truth is that when we look up at the stars, we face what is known as the Great Silence. The universe is silent and tranquil.", "question": "Which of the following judgments, if true, does not account for the Fermi paradox?", "options": ["We may not have reached the level where we can find alien intelligent life.", "Alien civilizations have advanced far enough that we can't see them directly.", "Extraterrestrial intelligent life has produced many mysterious UFOevents on Earth.", "Alien civilizations may have reached a state of equilibrium with nature, melding neatly with the galactic background."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 14332, "answer": 0, "text": "People who are allergic to cats are actually allergic to certain proteins found in the animals' skin secretions and saliva; which particular proteins are responsible, however, varies from allergy sufferer to allergy sufferer. Since all cats shed skin and spread saliva around their environment, there is no such thing as a cat incapable of provoking allergic reactions, although it is common for a given cat to cause an allergic reaction in some -- but not all -- people who are allergic to cats.", "question": "Which one of the following statements is most strongly supported by the information above?", "options": ["Not all cats are identical with respect to the proteins contained in their skin secretions and saliva.", "The allergic reactions of some people who are allergic to cats are more intense than the allergic reactions of other allergy sufferers.", "Any particular individual will be allergic to some breeds of cat but not to others.", "No cat is capable of causing an allergic reaction in all types of allergy sufferers."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 10651, "answer": 2, "text": "Despite the best efforts of journalists to be objective, it is inevitable that their own biases will enter their reporting, even if inadvertently. Ttherefore, it is imperative that a trained editor look over journalists' work with an eye toward detecting and removing their biases, so as to make reporting as objective as possible.", "question": "Each of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends EXCEPT:", "options": ["Journalists do not eliminate all of the biases that enter their reporting.", "Trained editors are able to detect at least some biases of journalists.", "Journalists' reporting that is not objective is not taken seriously by trained editors.", "It is imperative that reporting be as objective as possible."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 8266, "answer": 1, "text": "On the road to success, all shortcuts are detours, and all detours are necessary. Therefore, attaching to the strong is not a shortcut to success.", "question": "Which of the followings can be added as a premise to make the above conclusion valid?", "options": ["All shortcuts are the only way", "Attaching to the strong is not the only way", "All detours are not shortcuts", "Attaching to the strong is a detour"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 12040, "answer": 1, "text": "Researcher: Dinosaur fossils come in various forms, including mineralized bones and tracks in dried mud flats. However, mineralized dinosaur bones and dinosaur tracks in dried mud flats are rarely found together. This isn' t surprising, because creatures that scavenged dinosaur carcasses most likely frequented mud flats to find food.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, would most strengthen the researcher's argument?", "options": ["Dinosaur fossils other than mineralized bone or tracks in dried mud flats are quite common.", "Scavengers commonly drag a carcass away from the site where it was found.", "Dinosaur tracks are also found in locations other than mud flats.", "Researchers have found more fossil dinosaur tracks than fossil dinosaur bones."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 3352, "answer": 1, "text": "Specific object refers to the specific object in civil law, which refers to the transferred object with independent characteristics or designated by the obligee and can not be replaced by other objects.", "question": "Which of the following is a specific object?", "options": ["Bicycles for sale in the mall", "A famous painting by Xu Beihong at the auction", "New 100 yuan RMB", "Sanjiu Weitai granule placed in the counter of the drugstore"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 2031, "answer": 2, "text": "Due to the emergence of the information revolution, our educational theory and model are facing a great change and challenge at the turn of the century. In the next few years, interactive multimedia system will be widely used in the educational field because of its rich functions, powerful influence, convenience and cheapness, thus setting off a new type of educational revolution.", "question": "Which of the following options is the central idea of this passage?", "options": ["There has been an information revolution in human society.", "Education is facing challenges.", "The application of powerful multimedia in the field of education will lead to a new type of educational revolution.", "The function of multimedia is very powerful."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 7097, "answer": 1, "text": "Seasonal variation refers to the regular and obvious fluctuation of some objective phenomena in a year with the change of seasons.", "question": "Based on the above definition, which of the following is seasonal variation?", "options": ["In the spring of 2008, Changsha experienced freezing weather once in 50 years.", "From June to August 2006, the sales volume of watermelon in Changsha City was the highest in the whole year.", "In 2007, the number of graduate students applying for examinations decreased by 72,000 compared with 2006.", "In the winter of 2007, China's consumer price index rose rapidly."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 13338, "answer": 2, "text": "The vast majority of first-year engineering students at Bighorn University are registered in Physics 121. Simone is registered in Physics 121; thus it seems likely that she is a first-year engineering student.", "question": "Which one of the following statements, if assumed, enables the conclusion above to be properly drawn?", "options": ["The engineering program at Bighorn University is highly structured and leaves its students few opportunities to take nonscience elective courses.", "Every engineering student at Bighorn University must pass Physics 121 or an equivalent in order to meet degree requirements.", "The number of first-year engineering students at Bighorn University is slightly larger than the total number of students registered in Physics 121.", "Some engineering students at Bighorn University take Physics 121 in their second year, but none take it in later years."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 312, "answer": 1, "text": "The reason why river and ocean can become the king of all creeks is because they can be under a hundred creeks. The reason why the saint is above the people is because he is humble to the people. The reason why the saint can lead the people is because he puts his own self-interest behind the people.", "question": "escape", "options": ["escape", "escape", "escape", "escape"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 12001, "answer": 3, "text": "Though Earth' s human population is increasing, it currently uses only a relatively small fraction of the supply of fresh water. Thus, claims that water shortages will plague humankind in the near future unless population growth trends change are simply mistaken.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?", "options": ["The percentage of fresh water used for agriculture is likely to grow more quickly than is the percentage used for industry.", "Not all of Earth's population will adopt water conservation methods in the near future.", "Population growth trends are notoriously hard to predict with reasonable accuracy.", "The amount of fresh water available to meet the needs of Earth's population varies significantly from region to region."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 12716, "answer": 0, "text": "But if a public place is uncomfortable it is not well designed, and all comfortable public places have spacious interiors If all of the interior decorator' s statements are true, then which one of the following must be true?", "question": "Interior decorator: All coffeehouses and restaurants are public places. Most well-designed public places feature artwork.", "options": ["Any well-designed coffeehouse or restaurant has a spacious interior.", "Any restaurant that has a spacious interior is comfortable.", "Most coffeehouses that are well designed feature artwork.", "Most public places that feature artwork are well designed."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 8502, "answer": 1, "text": "People can see objects because they block the passage of light waves. If you want to make a ball invisible, you can cover it with a layer of metamaterial arranged in the shape of a concentric circle, which can block all light waves and does not reflect or absorb. The blocked waves meet again on the other side of the object and continue to travel in a straight line. To the observer, the object seems to become non-existent and visual invisibility is realized. in short, the metamaterial used in the invisibility cloak allows radar waves, light, or other waves to pass around the object without being bounced. in order to achieve an invisible effect. In the future, the invisibility cloak will be first used in the military field to improve the concealment and security of operations. But if anyone can achieve invisibility, it will also cause a series of social problems.", "question": "Which of the following options matches the meaning of this passage?", "options": ["The invisibility cloak allows light to penetrate itself.", "Objects block light waves so that people can see.", "The use of invisibility cloak in military affairs will lead to war.", "The use of metamaterials can rebound radar waves."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 3518, "answer": 3, "text": "Only when the purchase price of a flower shop is lower than the normal price, it can make profits by selling flowers at a price below the market. Unless the florist sells a lot of flowers, it is not possible to buy flowers from the florist at a lower price than normal. In order to sell large numbers of products, the florist needs to satisfy consumers' personal interests or have exclusive rights to sell certain kinds of products.", "question": "If the above assertion is true, which of the following must be true?", "options": ["If the florist buys flowers from the florist at a lower than normal price, it will make a profit selling them at a lower than market price", "If the florist does not make a profit by selling flowers below market price, it must not have bought flowers below normal price from the florist", "The florist not only caters to consumers' personal interests, but also has the exclusive right to sell certain kinds of flowers, but still cannot make a profit by selling flowers at below market prices", "If the florist makes a profit by selling flowers below market price, the purchase price must be below normal price"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 3711, "answer": 3, "text": "If a city wants to develop the exhibition industry well, it needs to build a nest to attract the phoenix, which first has the foundation of software and hardware, and then attracts exhibition activities. Having complete exhibition facilities and ideal traffic conditions only shows that a city has the hardware foundation for the development of convention and exhibition industry. in order to attract a sufficient number of high-quality exhibition activities, it is also necessary to improve the level of public services and build a good business environment, so as to strengthen the construction of soft power.", "question": "If the above statement is true, which of the following options is not possible?", "options": ["City A has the hardware foundation for the development of the exhibition industry, but it is not good for the development of the exhibition industry", "City B has made great efforts to improve the level of public service and attracted a sufficient number of high-quality exhibition activities", "The convention and exhibition industry in C city is very developed, but the problem of aging municipal facilities is becoming more and more prominent", "Ding City has complete exhibition facilities and ideal traffic conditions, but it does not have the hardware basis for the development of exhibition industry"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 1948, "answer": 2, "text": "In the past, the shaping of our peasant image formed two habitual modes: one is to tell positively how the protagonist turns an enemy into a friend by means of humiliation, self-sacrifice or good character in the binary opposition between reform and conservatism or between advanced and backward, winning the trust of the villagers and making progress in the reform; the other is to resolve the contradiction through a series of skit or comic stories of the protagonist and maintain its attraction to the audience. The aesthetic consequence of these two habitual models is that the image of farmers has become an almost immutable symbol, lacking in richness and attractiveness and there is a huge gap between peasant image and real life. This model is a flattening of reality itself.", "question": "Which of the following is the most likely content of this passage?", "options": ["What are the shortcomings of a single description of the image of farmers?", "What is the stereotyped description of the image of farmers?", "What is the change in the image of farmers now?", "What are the advantages of flattening the reality itself?"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 5723, "answer": 1, "text": "The digital divide refers to the fact that people's information acquisition, information processing and information dissemination are all realized through digital technology due to the influence of information and the Internet. As a result, the gap between different individuals, groups or countries in ideology, economy, culture and politics is getting bigger and bigger.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following options does not involve the digital divide?", "options": ["Xiao Song, who came home from the holiday, chatted with his classmates on his mobile phone with new online words. His grandma couldn't understand a word.", "Xiao Zhao is obsessed with online games all day, and his parents have tried to persuade him many times, but have no effect. For this reason, Xiao Zhao and his parents have many disputes.", "The fruits grown in a certain town in the east have been ordered through the online platform before they are mature, while the high-quality and low-cost fruits in a town in the west can only rot on the trees because no one knows.", "Some Western countries have used their technology accumulation to obtain absolute advantages in big data processing. They further imposed a technical blockade, making some countries unable to do well in big data sharing."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 10334, "answer": 3, "text": "People with depression have a strong suicidal tendency, and many people think that depression is a mental illness. In the middle of the 20th century, medical research found that the concentration of three neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine) in the brain of depressed suicides is lower than that of normal people. Medical scientists speculate that it is the imbalance in the concentration of these three neurotransmitters that leads to depression.", "question": "If which of the following statements is true, it will give the above medical scientists the strongest support for their conclusions?", "options": ["Depression is not only a psychological disease, but also an organic disease", "It may be that depression causes the concentration imbalance of the above three neurotransmitters in the brain", "Women and the elderly are at high risk of depression", "The drugs developed to maintain the concentration balance of the above three neurotransmitters are effective in the treatment of depression"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 1698, "answer": 2, "text": "No matter whether people admit subjectively or not, in objective effect, the efforts of education are finally expressed in a specific social stage under the background of the future, that is, education should always show a function of serving the future society.", "question": "Which of the following is the most appropriate phrase to fill in at the beginning of a line?", "options": ["It is necessary and should be", "Always can and only can", "Need and necessity", "It may and certainly will"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 14896, "answer": 3, "text": "The high cost of production is severely limiting which operas are available to the public. These costs necessitate reliance on large corporate sponsors, who in return demand that only the most famous operas be produced. Determining which operas will be produced should rest only with ticket purchasers at the box office, not with large corporate sponsors. If we reduce production budgets so that operas can be supported exclusively by box-office receipts and donations from individuals, then the public will be able to see less famous operas.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, would weaken the argument?", "options": ["A few opera ticket purchasers go to the opera for the sake of going to the opera, not to see specific operatic productions.", "The reduction of opera production budgets would not reduce the desire of large corporate sponsors to support operas.", "Large corporate sponsors will stop supporting opera productions if they are denied control over which operas will be produced.", "Without the support of large corporate sponsors, opera companies could not afford to produce any but the most famous of operas."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 13738, "answer": 2, "text": "Bureaucratic mechanisms are engineered to resist change. Thus, despite growing dissatisfaction with complex bureaucratic systems, it is unlikely that bureaucracies will be simplified.", "question": "The claim that bureaucratic mechanisms are engineered to resist change plays which one of the following roles in the argument?", "options": ["It is cited as evidence that bureaucratic systems are becoming more and more complex.", "It is used to weaken the claim that bureaucracies should be simplified.", "It is a premise offered in support of the claim that it is unlikely that bureaucracies will be simplified.", "It is a conclusion for which the claim that bureaucracies are unlikely to be simplified is offered as support."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 1794, "answer": 3, "text": "What is magical realism? To put it simply is to put a magical cloak on reality without harming the truth of reality. This is the most important school of novels in Latin America in the 20th century, which originated in the 1930s, mainly manifested in the exploration of American Indian and black myths and legends, and evolved into a profound reflection on the social reality of Latin America after the 1940s. Through the appearance of various mythological archetypes to show the mix of Latin American culture and social deformities. The reason why magical realism can take root in Latin America is closely related to the unique civilization and social reality of this continent.", "question": "Which of the following options is most likely to be introduced next?", "options": ["How Latin American Writers reflect their yearning for National Destiny and Real Life in their work", "Representative writers and works of magical realism reflecting the social reality of Latin America", "Latin American literature is prosperous with the prosperity of magical realism", "The influence of Latin American Civilization and Social characteristics on Magic realism"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 861, "answer": 2, "text": "In order to verify the efficacy of a new drug for the treatment of hypertension, clinicians gave the drug to 100 hypertensive patients. 65 people's blood pressure did indeed drop. Therefore, the pharmaceutical factory claimed that the drug was indeed effective.", "question": "Which of the following can weaken the above conclusion the most?", "options": ["The blood pressure measurement time is not fixed during the medication, and the blood pressure of hypertensive patients originally fluctuates during the day.", "A patient with high blood pressure is given a tablet that has the same appearance as the drug but does not contain the drug effect, and the patient's blood pressure does not drop.", "The drug was given to a group of 100 hypertensive patients, and the other group of 100 hypertensive patients were given the same appearance but contains no drug ingredients.The number of blood pressure drops in the first group of patients was as same as that in the latter group.", "The doctor gave the drug to 1,000 hypertensive patients, and only 500 of the patients had their blood pressure dropped."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 5291, "answer": 2, "text": "The so-called control refers to the behavior of correcting the production and operation activities of the enterprise in order to achieve the planned goals of the enterprise. The purpose of control is to ensure that the actual production and operation activities of the enterprise are consistent with the expected goals.", "question": "Which of the following statements about control is incorrect?", "options": ["The controlled object should have a certain range of possibilities for development and change.", "The determined control target must be included in the possibility space of things development and change.", "The object of control may also have only one possibility of development and change.", "The implementer must have certain control capabilities."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 11956, "answer": 1, "text": "Only a minority of those who engage in political action do so out of a sense of social justice. Ttherefore, some people who have a sense of social justice do not engage in political action.", "question": "Which one of the following uses flawed reasoning most similar to that used in the argument above?", "options": ["Some corporations only feign a concern for the environment when they advertise a product as environmentally friendly. Thus, no corporation has a genuine concern for the environment.", "Most scholars are not motivated by a desire to win prestigious academic prizes. Thus, some of those who want to win prestigious academic prizes are not scholars.", "Only a small percentage of the profits that companies make are directly attributable to good management decisions. Thus, even companies that are managed badly will usually turn a profit.", "Some parents show no interest in the curricula used in the schools that their children attend. Thus, some of the decisions regarding school curricula should be made without regard for the wishes of the children's parents."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 10034, "answer": 1, "text": "A solid wood flooring seller solemnly promised in the text of its contract: The floors sold in our shop are definitely made of wood and are responsible for free installation, except for the cost of materials required for installation. Free warranty for one year, except for losses caused by non-fault of the company, if there is fraud, the company is willing to bear legal liability and pay more than 1000 times as compensation. Our company reserves the right to interpret the terms of this contract.", "question": "Which of the followings is a correct evaluation of the company and the contract?", "options": ["The company must be honest because it promises to pay more than 1000 times as compensation if fraud is found", "The company's contract is not actually binding on its actions", "The floors sold by the company must be genuine solid wood floors", "From the customer's point of view, the company's contract terms are acceptable"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 5900, "answer": 3, "text": "A certain country's economy is dominated by agriculture. In 2001, it suffered a severe drought that was unprecedented in a century. International organizations called on the people of all countries to extend a helping hand to the country.", "question": "Which of the following options can be inferred?", "options": ["The country's agricultural productivity is low", "The country is an economically developed country", "The country has a low national income and a low standard of living", "The country's economy is greatly affected by the climate"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 13924, "answer": 3, "text": "Asa general rule, the larger a social group of primates, the more time its members spend grooming one another. The main purpose of this social grooming is the maintenance of social cohesion. Furthermore, group size among primates tends to increase proportionally with the size of the neocortex, the seat of higher thought in the brain. Extrapolating upon the relationship between group size and neocortex size, we can infer that early human groups were quite large. But unexpectedly, there is strong evidence that, apart from parents grooming their children, these humans spent virtually no time grooming one another.", "question": "Which one of the following, if true, would do most to resolve the apparent discrepancy described above?", "options": ["Many types of primates other than humans have fairly large neocortex regions and display frequent social grooming.", "Early humans were not as extensively covered with hair as are other primates, and consequently they had less need for social grooming.", "While early humans probably lived in large groups, there is strong evidence that they hunted in small groups.", "Early humans developed languages, which provided a more effective way of maintaining social cohesion than social grooming."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 6145, "answer": 1, "text": "With a social contract, people lose their natural freedom and their absolute right to take whatever they are willing to take; through a social contract, they get civilized freedom and legal rights to the property they own. When weighing the pros and cons, if we want to avoid making mistakes, we must clearly distinguish what is natural freedom and what is civilized freedom-natural freedom is only controlled by the actual power of individuals, while civilized freedom is restricted by public will. After stepping into a civilized society, mankind has gained moral freedom, and this alone has made mankind its own master.", "question": "Based on the above text, which of the followings is correct?", "options": ["The social contract defines the boundaries of natural freedom and civilized freedom.", "The social contract emphasizes restraint rather than complete freedom.", "People can get civilized freedom only by obeying the social contract.", "The social contract gives people the freedom of civilization and restricts the freedom of nature."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 11053, "answer": 0, "text": "Morris High School has introduced a policy designed to improve the working conditions of its new teachers. As a result of this policy, only one-quarter of all part-time teachers now quit during their first year. However, a third of all full-time teachers now quit during their first year. Thus, more full-time than part-time teachers at Morris now quit during their first year.", "question": "The argument's reasoning is questionable because the argument fails to rule out the possibility that", "options": ["Morris High School employs more new part-time teachers than new full-time teachers", "Morris High School employs more new full-time teachers than new part-time teachers", "before the new policy was instituted, the same number of full-time teachers as part-time teachers at Morris High School used to quit during their first year", "Morris High School employs the same number of new part-time as new full-time teachers"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 7486, "answer": 1, "text": "A school is going to choose four classes to give commendation, and give a certain reward. From the perspective of learning, the two classes of A and B are better than the two classes of C and D.", "question": "Based on this, plus which of the following judgments may lead to the conclusion that class E is better than class D?", "options": ["Class E is better than class C", "Class E is better than Class A", "Class E is worse than Class B", "Class B is better than class A"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 278, "answer": 0, "text": "The average life expectancy of the population is an important indicator reflecting the health level of the people in a country and region. The sixth national census shows that the average life expectancy of the Chinese population reached 74.83 years in 2010, while the average life expectancy of the population in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China was only about 35 years. Therefore, the elderly people that people thought more than sixty years ago now seem to be just middle-aged people.", "question": "Which of the followings, if true, would most weaken the above point of view?", "options": ["Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the decrease in the number of newborn infant deaths is the most important reason for the increase in the average life expectancy of the population.", "In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the country was shifting from war to peace. The situation in the country was still unstable and the population was much lower than it is now.", "In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the living environment was more difficult, and people's nutritional level was much worse than it is now.", "With the development of medicine, the level of medical care has been greatly improved compared with the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 3958, "answer": 1, "text": "Phobia is an irrational and inappropriate fear of an object or environment. Once faced with such an object or environment, phobia patients develop an extreme sense of fear, even though there is no danger at the time.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the following options is phobia?", "options": ["Ms. Chen has been timid since she was a child. On a business trip to the country, I passed a farmer's house. Suddenly a big wolf dog came out and stared at her savagely.Ms. Chen has been timid since she was a child. On a business trip to the country, she passed a farmer's house. Suddenly a big wolf dog came out and stared at her savagely.", "Every time I see pictures of the deep sea, Xu feels like he is in the deep sea, surrounded by dark and deep water. He felt short of breath and his heart beat faster and was too afraid to look at the pictures again.", "After dinner, the old colleague who was a little drunk insisted on sending everyone home. Xiao Li had not arrived at the gate of the community shouting to get off, because he could not stand the kind of fear what will be the mental pressure of the accident.", "After watching a Japanese horror movie, Qian felt that his mind was full of horror scenes from the movie and he couldn't sleep well for several days."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 8245, "answer": 0, "text": "The development of metamaterials is to combine artificial composites with different electromagnetic response properties according to specific rules. The properties of these materials are not only determined by the material itself, but also closely related to the shape, size, arrangement and combination of its structure. By changing the structure and size of the key locations of metamaterials, people can achieve arbitrary bending and fine reduction of light waves, radar waves, radio waves, sound waves and even seismic waves like building blocks. For example, with the help of a thin layer of metamaterial that allows light to bypass the object, researchers began to study the invisibility cloak that makes the object invisible.", "question": "Which of the followings is the main content of metamaterials introduced in this paragraph?", "options": ["Development principle", "Application field", "Classification standard", "Design intention"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 7863, "answer": 3, "text": "Environmental rights refer to citizens enjoy the right to use environmental resources from the bottom up in an environment that is not polluted or destroyed.", "question": "Which of the following options is not an environmental right?", "options": ["A company will build a 35-storey high-rise building near a residential area. Some residents may not see sunlight all year round. Several residents have sued the company to the People's Court and demanded that the company return their sunlight exposure rights", "A resident built a small shed at the entrance of a public corridor, which seriously affected the ventilation of the entire corridor, so together with many residents in the corridor, the household was reported to the people's court and asked the household to remove the small shed and restore good ventilation conditions", "Lao Shen built a new clothing billboard. Not long after it was installed, he was sued by his neighbors to the court, saying that Shen's billboard had crossed the balcony and blocked his home's sight. He asked Shen's family to move the billboard and restore his sight,right", "Xiao Xu bought a box of biscuits in a supermarket and found a fly in the biscuits when he returned home. Xu sued the supermarket to the court and demanded that the supermarket restore its sanitation rights"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 10364, "answer": 2, "text": "There are 6 pieces of blue and white porcelain: S, Y, M, Q, K, X. The age of each piece is different, and the exhibition is sorted from the earliest to the latest from left to right. The known conditions are as follows: (1) the age of M is earlier than that of X. (2) if the age of Y is earlier than that of M, then the age of Q is earlier than that of K and X. (3) if the age of M is earlier than that of Y, then the age of K is earlier than that of Q and X. (4) the age of S is either earlier than Y or M, and it can't have both.", "question": "Which of the following options cannot be the earliest porcelain?", "options": ["M.", "Q.", "S.", "Y."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 13619, "answer": 1, "text": "Among small- to medium-sized marine mammals such as seals and dolphins, the longer an animal can stay submerged during a dive, the greater the depth the animal can reach. Dolphins can dive to greater depths than northern fur seals can, and elephant seals can stay submerged longer than Weddell seals can.", "question": "If the information above is accurate, then each of the following statements could be true EXCEPT:", "options": ["Northern fur seals can stay submerged longer than Weddell seals can, but elephant seals can dive to greater depths than northern fur seals can.", "Northern fur seals can stay submerged longer than elephant seals can, but Weddell seals can dive to greater depths than dolphins can.", "Weddell seals can dive to greater depths than dolphins can and can stay submerged longer than northern fur seals can.", "Weddell seals can stay submerged longer than northern fur seals can, but dolphins can dive to greater depths than Weddell seals can."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 13559, "answer": 3, "text": "At Law Practice, Inc. , last year the average annual salary for attorneys was $75, 000, while the average salary for paralegals was $50, 000. The average annual salary for all Law Practice employees was $45, 000.", "question": "If the information above is correct, which one of the following conclusions can properly be drawn on the basis of it?", "options": ["There were two attorneys and three paralegals at Law Practice last year.", "At least one paralegal made less than $50, 000 last year.", "There were more paralegals than attorneys at Law Practice last year.", "There was at least one Law Practice employee who earned less than the average paralegal earned last year."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 3657, "answer": 1, "text": "A report that watermelons contain swelling agents may affect their health, which has little impact on consumers, and few consumers intend to change their buying habits of watermelons. Still, in July, a month after the report, watermelon sales in a large supermarket chain fell sharply.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, can best explain the above phenomenon?", "options": ["Such reports occur frequently, and by July consumers have become indifferent to such reports.", "After mid-July, the large supermarket chain took the initiative to stop selling watermelons in order to show its responsibility to consumers", "Food experts believe that watermelons contain only a small amount of swelling agent, which will not cause harm to health", "There are many kinds of fruits on the market in July, and consumers buy other fruits to replace watermelons"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 6709, "answer": 1, "text": "The brain is an electric organ that uses a pulse magnetic field to activate brain neural circuits to relieve stress, enhance cognition, and even overcome fatigue.", "question": "Which of the following options best summarizes the meaning of the above?", "options": ["The brain is an electric organ", "Effect of pulsed magnetic field on brain nerve circuits", "People can relieve pressure, improve cognition and overcome fatigue", "Cerebral nerve circuit and treatment"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 1630, "answer": 3, "text": "How to guard against bicycle thieves? Don't mention the 24-hour surveillance video. The camera often generates a large amount of image data. Even if the theft is recorded, it is often ignored during playback. In Britain, where surveillance video is very popular, more than 500,000 bicycles are stolen every year, of which less than 5% can finally return to their original owners.", "question": "Which of the following does this passage mainly explain?", "options": ["The detection rate of bicycle theft is very low.", "You should be more careful when playing back surveillance video data.", "Bicycle theft is a very popular crime.", "Using surveillance video to prevent bicycle theft is not effective."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 3718, "answer": 2, "text": "Some studies have shown that confiding your troubles to others is an effective way to relieve stress, but in real life, more than 40% of people do not confide in their troubles to others, and this group of people often feel that their work and life are more stressful. Therefore, the more often a person confides his troubles to others, the less stress he feels in work and life.", "question": "Which of the following can best point out the shortcomings of the above argument?", "options": ["By default, stress-relieving behavior is necessary for individuals", "It ignores the fact that there is a significant difference in everyone's ability to withstand stress", "By default, increasing the frequency of behavior helps to enhance the effect of behavior", "Neglecting to pour out your troubles to others may lead to problems such as disclosure of privacy"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 512, "answer": 3, "text": "Organizational identity refers to the consistency between organizational members and the organization they join in terms of behavior or concept. They feel that they have not only a rational sense of contract and responsibility, but also an irrational sense of belonging and dependence in the organization, as well as the result of doing their best to organizational activities on this psychological basis.", "question": "According to the above definition, which of the followings does not belong to organizational identity?", "options": ["We should be strict with ourselves according to the standards of Communists.", "When the company is facing difficulties, we should never abandon.", "I will consciously maintain the good image of the company all the time.", "Today I am proud of my alma mater, and tomorrow my alma mater will be proud of me."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 4328, "answer": 1, "text": "Compared with the moon, the Earth has many common properties, such as they are solar system bodies, are spherical, have rotation and revolution, etc. If there is life on the earth, there is probably life on the moon, too.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, can weaken the reliability of the above inference the most?", "options": ["The earth and the moon are of different sizes", "The temperature in the same place on the moon varies greatly, it can rise to 128 degree during the day and drop to minus 180 degree at night", "The moon is far away from the earth, there can be no living things", "The earth and the moon are generated at different times"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 13799, "answer": 0, "text": "Sunflowers growing in pots were placed, with their roots submerged, in the pond contaminated with radioactive elements. The sunflowers kept growing; in the process, they absorbed radioactive elements. Within twelve days, 85 percent of the radioactive elements were removed from the water, which is no less than can be accomplished with the much more expensive conventional filtration techniques. Scientists ttherefore propose using sunflowers for decontamination wherever there are radioactively contaminated ponds.", "question": "Which of the following, if true, points to a limitation on the applicability of the proposed method of decontamination?", "options": ["The water in many ponds contaminated with radioactive elements is so cold that it would kill sunflowers whose roots were submerged in it.", "Sunflowers that grow with their roots submerged in water grow less well than sunflowers growing under optimal conditions on dry land.", "Some plants other than sunflowers can also remove radioactive elements from water.", "In ponds in which the circulation of the water is artificially increased, sunflowers absorb radioactive elements far faster than they do in other ponds."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 6921, "answer": 2, "text": "The task of history is to enable people to understand the causal relationship contained in the historical process itself through the retrospection of the past years and the correct revelation of the laws of history, so as to obtain wisdom and better connect the past and the future.", "question": "Which of the following is the central meaning of this passage?", "options": ["History accomplishes its task by revealing the laws of history", "History can enable people to gain wisdom from the past years", "History can help people summarize the past and face the future", "The task of history is to tell people how to reveal the laws of history"], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 11809, "answer": 2, "text": "The faster a car is traveling, the less time the driver has to avoid a potential accident, and if a car does crash, higher speeds increase the risk of a fatality. Between 1995 and 2000, average highway speeds increased significantly in the United States, yet, over that time, there was a drop in the number of car-crash fatalities per highway mile driven by cars.", "question": "Which of the following, if true about the United States between 1995 and 2000, most helps to explain why the fatality rate decreased in spite of the increase in average highway speeds?", "options": ["The increase in average highway speeds occurred as legal speed limits were raised on one highway after another.", "The average number of passengers per car on highways increased.", "There were increases in both the proportion of people who wore seat belts and the proportion of cars that were equipped with airbags as safety devices.", "In most locations on the highways, the density of vehicles on the highway did not decrease, although individual vehicles, on average, made their trips more quickly."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 4161, "answer": 2, "text": "Openness of village affairs: An Act by a rural grass-roots autonomous organization to take appropriate measures to publicize information about the village's public affairs to the villagers and accept the supervision of the masses.", "question": "Which of the following is not an act of the openness of village affairs?", "options": ["Before the spring festival, the head of the village committee announced the arrival of relief money and goods from the government through village radio.", "The village head bulletin board announces the usage of the office entertainment fee of the village committee on time every quarter.", "Township party committees send cadres to seek the views of party members on the election for the new term of the village party branch.", "Village committee documents called migrant workers and farmers one by one to inform them of the progress of the village kindergarten project they funded."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 12254, "answer": 1, "text": "High levels of fertilizer and pesticides, needed when farmers try to produce high yields of the same crop year after year, pollute water supplies. Experts ttherefore urge farmers to diversify their crops and to rotate their plantings yearly. To receive governmental price-support benefits for a crop, farmers must have produced that same crop for the past several years.", "question": "The statements above, if true, best support which of the following conclusions?", "options": ["Farmers can continue to make a profit by rotating diverse crops, thus reducing costs for chemicals, but not by planting the same crop each year.", "The rules for governmental support of farm prices work against efforts to reduce water pollution.", "The only solution to the problem of water pollution from fertilizers and pesticides is to take farmland out of production.", "Governmental price supports for farm products are set at levels that are not high enough to allow farmers to get out of debt."], "type": {"Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 13393, "answer": 2, "text": "It is not known whether bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), a disease of cattle invariably deadly to them, can be transmitted directly from one infected animal to another at all stages of the infection. If it can be, there is now a reservoir of infected cattle incubating the disease. There are no diagnostic tests to identify infected animals before the animals show overt symptoms. Ttherefore, if such direct transmission occurs, the disease cannot be eradicated by __.", "question": "Which one of the following best completes the argument?", "options": ["destroying all cattle in areas where BSE occurs and raising cattle only in areas to which BSE is known not to have spread", "developing a drug that kills the agent that causes BSE, and then treating with that drug all cattle that might have the disease", "removing from the herd and destroying any diseased animal as soon as it shows the typical symptoms of advanced BSE", "developing a vaccine that confers lifelong immunity against BSE and giving it to all cattle, destroying in due course all those animals for which the vaccine protection came too late"], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Necessry Condtional Reasoning": true, "Conjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
{"id": 8884, "answer": 1, "text": "Real estate developers in a city can only raise more development funds through direct loans from banks or through the pre-sale of commercial housing. The government does not allow banks to increase direct loans to the real estate industry.As a result, the city's real estate developers are unable to raise more development funds. Because _", "question": "Which of the following options can logically complete the above argument?", "options": ["Some real estate developers absconded with money after pre-selling commercial housing, which made it impossible for the project to be completed.", "The central bank abolished the system of pre-sale of commercial housing.", "Construction companies are unwilling to advance money to build houses.", "Some developers delay the delivery of houses after the sale of houses, which makes many buyers have doubts about the developers."], "type": {"Categorical Reasoning": true, "Sufficient Conditional Reasoning": true, "Disjunctive Reasoning": true}}
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.