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What are the benefits of Microservices?
|
Microservices break up Monolithic Architecture into standalone lightweight services that serve a single purpose. Developer productivity is increased as teams dedicated to the single responsibility service can control releases independent of other services. They can also control the language the service is written in. This is helpful when certain services might benefit from being written in Python vs C#, Java or Javascript. Microservices advocate for an event driven architecture where services are not coupled or referenced directly. Each Microservice can publish events that can be consumed/subscribed by other services. Containerization and Microservices go well together when designing Microservices, considering that the paradigm calls for Containers to be immutable and treated as Cattle. New and Old versions of the same Microservice can be released side by side in an A/B pattern, helping with assurance of any updates. Containers can host the Microservices quickly and be tested across environments with reliability ensuring all dependencies are encapsulated in the build of the running image.
|
open_qa
| 8,256 |
|
why wax snowboard?
|
Waxing snowboard improves the speed of the skiing by reducing friction
|
open_qa
| 8,257 |
|
Which duke visited Swarcliffe Hall in 1888?
|
Swarcliffe Hall is a large hall that was constructed in 1800 in Birstwith, near Harrogate, England. The current house was built by John Greenwood in 1850, who engaged Major Rohde Hawkins as his architect, and is a Grade II listed building.
The original Swarcliffe Hall was built on the site c1800 by the Blessard family, however the current hall which was built by the Greenwood family was completed in 1850. Charlotte Brontë was employed as a governess at the hall in 1839 and it is said her time spent there helped inspire her novel Jane Eyre.
Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale visited the hall in 1888 and again during the following year whilst opening the New Bath Hospital in nearby Harrogate.
|
Prince Albert Victor
|
closed_qa
| 8,258 |
What is the formal definition of a large language model?
|
Though the term large language model has no formal definition, it often refers to deep learning models having a parameter count on the order of billions or more. LLMs are general purpose models which excel at a wide range of tasks, as opposed to being trained for one specific task (such as sentiment analysis, named entity recognition, or mathematical reasoning). The skill with which they accomplish tasks, and the range of tasks at which they are capable, seems to be a function of the amount of resources (data, parameter-size, computing power) devoted to them, in a way that is not dependent on additional breakthroughs in design.
Though trained on simple tasks along the lines of predicting the next word in a sentence, neural language models with sufficient training and parameter counts are found to capture much of the syntax and semantics of human language. In addition, large language models demonstrate considerable general knowledge about the world, and are able to "memorize" a great quantity of facts during training.
|
The term large language model (LLM) does not have a formal definition. However, it often refers to deep learning models having a parameter count on the order of billions or more.
|
closed_qa
| 8,259 |
Given this summarized version of the Legend of the Christmas Spider, what turned the spider webs into precious metals?
|
A poor but hardworking widow once lived in a small hut with her children. One summer day, a pine cone fell on the earthen floor of the hut and took root. The widow's children cared for the tree, excited at the prospect of having a Christmas tree by winter. The tree grew, but when Christmas Eve arrived, they could not afford to decorate it. The children sadly went to bed and fell asleep. Early the next morning, they woke up and saw the tree covered with cobwebs. When they opened the windows, the first rays of sunlight touched the webs and turned them into gold and silver. The widow and her children were overjoyed. From then on, they never lived in poverty again.
|
The first rays of sunlight, after touching the webs, turned them into gold and silver.
|
closed_qa
| 8,260 |
Can you summarize the book Annihilation?
|
Annihilation is a science fiction book taking place in the southern US inside a mysterious Area X. A team is assembled to explore the domain of Area X, led by a character only known as the psychologist. The main character is known as the biologist. These expeditions are managed by a mysterious government organization known as the Southern Reach.
The expedition centers on two notable landmarks within Area X, the topological anomaly, which the biologists calls a tower but is really a tunnel, and a lighthouse. The expedition encounters an entity within the topological anomaly that "writes" living words of non-sense on the wall of the anomaly in fungus.
Early in the expedition, the biologist is contaminated by the fungus of the words in the anomaly, which grants her immunity to hypnotic suggestion, which the psychologist uses to control the other members of the expedition. The plot follows the biologist pursuing the psychologist in search of answers, leading a confrontation at the lighthouse. The psychologist jumps from the lighthouse, presumably forced to by the entity behind Area X, but lives long enough to confront the biologist. During the climax of that encounter, the psychologist shouts "Annihilation!" multiple times, and it is revealed that this is a hypnotic trigger word designed to induce suicide in the other expedition members.
After the psychologist succumbs to her injuries at the base of the lighthouse, the biologist embarks on a journey north to an island that is possibly related to the disappearance of her husband, who was a member of the previous expedition.
|
general_qa
| 8,261 |
|
What city has the northern-most post office in Wisconsin?
|
Cornucopia, a small town located on the south shore of Lake Superior, is home to the northern-most post office in Wisconsin.
|
open_qa
| 8,263 |
|
Why was there a lockout during the 1998-1999 NBA season?
|
The 1998–99 NBA season was the Hawks' 50th season in the National Basketball Association, and 31st season in Atlanta. On March 23, 1998, the owners of all 29 NBA teams voted 27–2 to reopen the league's collective bargaining agreement, seeking changes to the league's salary cap system, and a ceiling on individual player salaries. The National Basketball Players Association (NBPA) opposed to the owners' plan, and wanted raises for players who earned the league's minimum salary. After both sides failed to reach an agreement, the owners called for a lockout, which began on July 1, 1998, putting a hold on all team trades, free agent signings and training camp workouts, and cancelling many NBA regular season and preseason games. Due to the lockout, the NBA All-Star Game, which was scheduled to be played in Philadelphia on February 14, 1999, was also cancelled. However, on January 6, 1999, NBA commissioner David Stern, and NBPA director Billy Hunter finally reached an agreement to end the lockout. The deal was approved by both the players and owners, and was signed on January 20, ending the lockout after 204 days. The regular season began on February 5, and was cut short to just 50 games instead of the regular 82-game schedule
|
The players and owners failed to reach an agreement on salaries.
|
closed_qa
| 8,266 |
Which NFL team has won every Super Bowl they played in?
|
Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Baltimore Ravens, New Orleans Saints, New York Jets
|
open_qa
| 8,267 |
|
In the series A Song of Ice and Fire, who is the founder of House Crayne?
|
Rose of the Red Lake
|
open_qa
| 8,268 |
|
What are the pros and cons of living in Seattle?
|
Seattle is famous for its fusion of natural scenes ands city vibes. There are a lot of hiking spots and lakes in the Seattle area which would be a pro for people who enjoy nature. Seattle is also an important city for rock and roll music and pop culture. People widely consider the cons of living in Seattle to be the weather. One should expect seeing small rain and gloomy weather during the winter in Seattle.
|
general_qa
| 8,271 |
|
Who's the protagonist in the book "Gone with the wind"
|
Scarlett O Hara
|
open_qa
| 8,273 |
|
Why do people like pickleball?
|
Pickleball is one of the fastest growing sports today. People of all ages and fitness can play pickleball. Pickball is played on a court that is smaller than a tennis course so requires less movement. Pickleball is also more of a finesse game vs. power.
|
general_qa
| 8,275 |
|
What's the difference between a turnover and a turnover on downs in the sport of American Football?
|
A turnover is when the offensive team, the team with possession of the football, loses possession of the football during play. This generally occurs in two ways: the defense intercepting a pass or recovering a fumble. A turnover on downs occurs only on the fourth and last down of a set of downs; the offense attempts to gain the yardage required to be given a new set of downs but fails to do so by means other than the defense's takeaway, such as an incomplete pass, or the ball carrier being tackled short of the line to gain.
|
open_qa
| 8,277 |
|
List five titles by Stephanie Meyer.
|
Twilight, Midnight Sun, The Host, The Chemist, Eclipse
|
open_qa
| 8,279 |
|
what is a dog?
|
The dog is a domesticated descendant of the wolf. Dogs were the first species to be domesticated by hunter-gatherers over 15,000 years ago before the development of agriculture. They are super cute and are preferred over cats by a majority of people. They most commonly respond to "Good Boy" and "Good Girl" and love to nap and play.
|
general_qa
| 8,280 |
|
What is meant by "dual federalism," and how is it different from "cooperative federalism"?
|
Federalism is a system of government where the power is distributed across different levels. In the United States, we have a system with two levels, a federal or national government, and underneath that state governments. Dual federalism is a period between 1819 and 1936 where there was a clear separation of powers between the federal government and the state governments. During this time the “national government left the states largely to their own devices in major policy areas” which included “education, transportation, and civil rights, among others”.
During the dual federalism period, two important cases set the stage for the next time period called “cooperative federalism” (1936-present). The first case was McCulloch v. Maryland which cited the Constitution's supremacy clause and implied powers of the federal government in a verdict that prohibited the state of Maryland from taxing a federal bank. The second case was Gibbons v. Ogden which cited the power of the federal government to regulate interstate commerce giving Gibbons a monopoly to ferry people from New Jersey to New York. These two cases were used by the Federal government during the New Deal as precedent to enable cooperative federalism which is “an intermingling of power, policy, and resources among the national and state governments”. The “government established programs providing federal funding in areas that were traditionally the exclusive domains of the state, such as health, transportation, education, employment, and poverty relief”. This differs from dual federalism in that we now have a mixing and sharing of powers between the state and national governments.
|
general_qa
| 8,281 |
|
United Nation General Assembly has declared the year 2023 as
|
The International Year of Millet
|
open_qa
| 8,283 |
|
What US Generals were killed at the Battle of Ox Hill?
|
General Isaac Stevens and General Phillip Kearny were both killed at the Battle of Ox Hill on September 1, 1862.
|
general_qa
| 8,285 |
|
Which Targaryen dragon is the biggest?
|
The largest Targaryen dragon was Balerion the Black Dread.
|
open_qa
| 8,288 |
|
What is backgammon?
|
Backgammon is a two-player board game that is thousands of years old. Each player has fifteen pieces. The objective is to be the first player to move your pieces off of the board. The players take turns rolling dice that determine how many places they can move their pieces. The game is a combination of skill and luck.
|
general_qa
| 8,289 |
|
What is HTML?
|
The HyperText Markup Language (HTML) is the standard markup language for creating web pages.
|
open_qa
| 8,290 |
|
What do you do as a player playing RollerCoaster Tycoon 2?
|
In RollerCoaster Tycoon 2, players manage amusement parks and attempt to meet various goals to complete assigned scenarios. The game retains the isometric perspective of its predecessor, allowing for high compatibility with amusement parks made in the previous game. Various attractions, including transport rides, gentle rides, thrill rides, roller coasters, water rides, and shops or stalls, can be added to the parks as well as landscaping and decorations. The player satisfies park visitors' needs by building facilities and services such as food stalls, bathrooms, souvenir shops, ATMs, and information kiosks, as well as by hiring staff. The player must simultaneously balance the park's expenses and income.
|
The player satisfies park visitors' needs by building facilities and services such as food stalls, bathrooms, souvenir shops, ATMs, and information kiosks, as well as by hiring staff. The player must simultaneously balance the park's expenses and income.
|
closed_qa
| 8,291 |
How do we increase voter turnout in the United States?
|
Voter turnout in the United States varies from state to state and, as a whole, is comparatively low with respect to other democracies. There are institutional as well as psychological factors that affect turnout. Institutional factors include voter registration requirements, timing and frequency of elections, location of polling places, and complexity of ballots. Psychological factors include political efficacy, interest and engagement of the electorate, and political party membership. Voter turnout in the United States can be increased, and I will propose two simple reforms that would increase voter turnout. I will also propose another more complex reform that would dramatically increase voter turnout but would be difficult to implement by the state governments.
Several institutional factors determine voter turnout. As each state has the power to hold elections, these factors vary across the states. The difficulty or ease of voter registration will have an impact on turnout. Minnesota has a very high turnout allowing same-day voter registration, while Texas has a low turnout and has a 30-day requirement. The day and time an election is also held matters. For example, the U.S. holds federal elections on a Tuesday in November during work hours which reduces voter turnout. The frequency of elections will have an influence on turnout. There are many elections per year in the U.S., and voters get fatigued and stop going to the polls. Voters are also less likely to vote if they don't have convenient polling places that are nearby and easy to access. Schools are the best and most accessible polling locations, but the U.S. holds elections on Tuesdays, which limits the availability of school space and parking. Lastly, complex ballots diminish enthusiasm and negatively impact U.S. voter turnout.
Along with institutional factors, there are psychological factors that control voter turnout. One of which is political efficacy which is defined in two ways. The first is internal efficacy which is how well you think you are able to understand politics. The second is external efficacy which is how well you feel the system responds to your input. Essentially, if you think you are smart enough and your vote "matters," you have high efficacy and tend to go to the polls. The next psychological factor is interest, which is a measure of how much you care about politics. If you don't care, it's highly unlikely that you will vote. The last psychological factor is partisanship. Are you a member of a political party? If yes, then it's more likely you'll go vote to support your party.
By voting age population, turnout in the U.S. is around 53%. This shows the United States has a low turnout compared to other democracies and puts the U.S. 7th from the bottom when compared to 35 other democracies. Australia has the highest turnout, with just over 90%. The reason for Australia's high turnout is that voting is compulsory, with fines for people who don't vote. "Voting in Australia is like a party," with election day described as a country-wide BBQ with easy-to-access polling locations held on a Saturday. In Australia, "Forcing people to engage in the process increases their knowledge of the issues and candidates," thereby increasing Australia's political interest and engagement. By contrast, polls in the U.S. consistently show us that Americans don't know much about politics and are neither engaged nor interested in politics. Converse argues that people in the U.S. have low levels of ideological constraint and conceptualization. This shows that Americans have low political efficacy.
In general American turnout is low, but Voter Eligible Population (VEP) turnout varies dramatically across the states. Hawaii has the least VEP turnout, with approximately 43%. To compare, the state with the highest VEP turnout is Minnesota, with 75%. Texas comes in 3rd from the bottom with 53%. Minnesota's high turnout is explained by "easy access to the ballot," "a sense of civic responsibility," "high rates of educational attainment and income," and "competitive and interesting elections." By comparison, the main reasons Hawaii turnout is so low are that it's "hard to register," voter disinterest and low efficacy, and it's a "one-party state". This combination of institutional and psychological factors, beneficial in Minnesota, and detrimental in Hawaii, has a significant impact on a state's turnout.
I propose two simple solutions to increase voter turnout. The first would be to move elections to the weekend or require that companies give employees the day off to vote. Sunday is the most common election day in the world outside the United States. I believe this would be a beneficial institutional factor that would increase voter turnout because the majority of other countries have higher voter turnout than the United States. Unfortunately, the chances of this happening are slim as Congress has proposed bills to move elections to the weekend or have a Federal holiday for voting, but these bills have never moved out of committees.
The second simple solution would address the institutional factor of registration requirements by implementing same-day voter registration in all 50 states. Minnesota allows for same-day registration, and its turnout is around 20% higher than Texas, which does not allow it. States that have implemented same-day voter registration have seen an average of a 5% increase in voters ("Same Day Voter"). To prevent voter fraud, systems should be put in place to make sure the voter hasn't already voted and to check for valid identification showing the voter is a resident of the state or county. Another deterrent to committing voter fraud would be criminal penalties, including jail time and fines. Enacting legislation in each state to implement a system to handle would take time, but I think it's possible as currently, 21 states allow same-day voting registration ("Same Day Voter").
The third solution I propose would address most of the institutional factors. This would be an online/app-based voting option. The vast majority of Americans these days have mobile phones with internet connections. Those that don't would still have all of the current voting options, such as polling locations and mail-in voting. Security and verification would combine blockchain (similar to Bitcoin identities), biometrics, and facial recognition artificial intelligence. When registering to vote, a state agency would create your blockchain voter identification, fingerprint, and take a LiDAR(Light Detection and Ranging) 3D map of your face. These three technologies would ensure one vote per person. Also, this technology is all readily available and, while complex to implement, would provide several advantages over our current voting system. It would eliminate the need for convenient polling locations, as you can vote anywhere. The timing of elections would be fine, as you could vote during a work break. The frequency of elections would also be less of an issue because you wouldn't have to go to a polling location. The complexity of the ballot could be addressed in the application, which would allow links showing descriptions of candidates and issues.
While voter turnout in the United States is low compared to other democratic countries, there are both simple and complex solutions that can increase voter participation. States with high voter turnout should be models for other states to follow as they have implemented practical reforms like same-day voter registration. The United States can then look to other countries and enact common sense solutions like voting on the weekend or on election holidays. Finally, we can use technology safely and responsibly to take voting into the 21st century and remove all the barriers to voting that our existing system places between the voter and the ballot.
|
general_qa
| 8,292 |
|
Why is it important to fill out post interview score card within three hours?
|
Because your impression of the candidate will be fresh in your mind, it's easy to get busy and the mix up impressions from multiple candidates get mixed up in your mind.
|
general_qa
| 8,295 |
|
Where is Florida?
|
Florida is a state in the southeast corner of the continental United States of America. It is a peninsula surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the east and the Gulf of Mexico to the west. To the north, it is surrounded by the states of Georgia and Alabama. Key West, Florida is the southern most point of the continental United States. Ka Lae, on the Big Island of Hawaii, is the southern most point out of all 50 United States.
|
general_qa
| 8,299 |
|
What are five popular Taylor Swift songs?
|
Five popular Taylor Swift songs are Shake it Off, Wildest Dreams, Bad Blood, Look What You Made Me Do, and Love Story
|
open_qa
| 8,300 |
|
Was the new deal successful or a failure to solve the problems of the Great Depression?
|
The new deal was a success to solve the problems caused by the Great Depression because he took action quickly, he passed many acts, and he kept the moral up for the people. Franklin Roosevelt writes "This is no usolvable prroblem if we face it wisely and courageously. It can be accomplished in part by direct recruiting by the Government itself, treating the task as we would treat the emergency of a war." Roosevelt is saying that unlike Hoover, he was going to take action on what was happening. Anything he will do will be treated as if it was war because it was affecting them as much as war would. The New Deal Legislation shows that Franklin Roosevelt had a god relationship with Congress. 11 new acts were passed in 6 years while Rosevelt was in office. This helps people get jobs, lower prices, and help people get money they deserve. Roosevelt says "This great Nation will endure as it has endured, will revive and will prosper. This shows that Rosevelt knows how to lead people even in the hard time. He knew while it was bad, everyone will look to him, so he can't seem scared and he can't kill the moral of the people. With all of this, Roosevelt was able to lead the country away from the Great Depression and started to get them out of it.
|
general_qa
| 8,301 |
|
What is High-functioning autism?
|
High-functioning autism (HFA) is an autism classification where a person exhibits no intellectual disability but may show deficits in communication, emotion recognition and expression, and social interaction.HFA is not included in the American Psychological Association's DSM-5 or the World Health Organization's ICD-10, subdividing autism based on intellectual capabilities. High-functioning autism is characterised by features similar to those of Asperger syndrome. The defining characteristic psychologists recognise there is a significant delay in developing early speech and language skills before three years. The diagnostic criteria of Asperger syndrome exclude a general language delay.
Other differences in features of people with high-functioning autism from those with Asperger syndrome include the following:
Lower verbal reasoning ability
Better visual/spatial skills (Being uniquely artistically talented)
Less deviating locomotion (e.g. clumsiness)
Problems functioning independently
Curiosity and interest in many different things
Not as good at empathising with other people
Male to female ratio (4:1) is much smaller
As of 2013, Asperger syndrome and high-functioning autism are no longer terms the American Psychological Association uses and have been merged into autism spectrum disorder (ASD). As of 2021, the World Health Organization also retired the terms and merged them into autism spectrum disorder.
|
High-functioning autism (HFA) is an autism classification where a person exhibits no intellectual disability but may show deficits in communication, emotion recognition and expression, and social interaction. High-functioning autism is characterised by features similar to those of Asperger syndrome. The defining characteristic psychologists recognise there is a significant delay in developing early speech and language skills before three years. The diagnostic criteria of Asperger syndrome exclude a general language delay.
|
closed_qa
| 8,302 |
What are the best places to visit in France?
|
France as a country has to offer an immense choice of travel and experience. Paris is certainly the city for those who like art, culture, and history. Its rich palaces, forts, and museums are evidence of France's culture & glorious history. For those who prefer a sunny day at a sun-kissed Mediterranean beach, the cities of Nice, Cannes, and Saint-Tropez are recommended. Anywhere you go in France, don't forget to taste its gourmet cheese and magnificent wine. And this goes without saying, the Eiffel Tower at night is absolutely gorgeous.
|
open_qa
| 8,303 |
|
Why would people prefer cats over dogs?
|
Cats are easy to care for, quiet, and relatively affordable. They even groom themselves. There are certainly benefits to owning a cat that you won't get from owning a dog.
|
general_qa
| 8,305 |
|
What is stratigraphy?
|
Stratigraphy is a subset of geology and is the classification of layers (strata) of soil and rock.
|
open_qa
| 8,306 |
|
What is a personalized sales email?
|
A personalized sales email is an email written to a specific person at a company. This type of email is tailored to a prospective customer in a way that touches upon why you are reaching out to that person and why you are reaching out to that person right now. An initial personalized email aims to spark interest in potential buyers, hoping they agree to discuss the value they might gain by purchasing your offering.
|
open_qa
| 8,312 |
|
Which Bond girl guest starred on the TV show Game of Thrones?
|
Diana Rigg, who played Teresa di Vicenzo in the James Bond movie "On Her Majesty's Secret Service," played Olenna Tyrell in Game of Thrones.
|
open_qa
| 8,315 |
|
Which animal is the most faster?
|
The fastest animal on land is the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus), capable of reaching speeds of up to 70 miles per hour (112 kilometers per hour) over short distances. They achieve these impressive speeds through their slender build, flexible spine, and long legs, which allow them to take long strides and cover a lot of ground with each stride.
However, if we consider all animals, including those that fly or swim, the peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) is the fastest animal in the world. It can reach speeds of up to 240 miles per hour (386 kilometers per hour) during a hunting dive known as a stoop, making it the fastest animal in the world overall.
It's worth noting that different animals have different ways of measuring their speed, and some species are faster in certain situations than in others. However, in terms of pure top speed, the cheetah and peregrine falcon are among the fastest animals on the planet.
|
general_qa
| 8,317 |
|
How many of the Lira satellites were successful?
|
Kosmos 1375 was placed into a low Earth orbit with a perigee of 986 kilometres (613 mi), an apogee of 1,003 kilometres (623 mi), 65.8 degrees of inclination, and an orbital period of 105 minutes. On 18 June 1982, it was successfully intercepted and destroyed by Kosmos 1379 in the final Soviet anti-satellite weapons test to be conducted. As of 2022, debris is still in orbit.
Kosmos 1375 was the last of ten Lira satellites to be launched, of which all but the first were successful. Lira was derived from the earlier DS-P1-M satellite, which it replaced.
|
10 were launched, 1 was not successful, so 10-1 = 9 were successful.
|
closed_qa
| 8,318 |
Is Leucascidae a sponge
|
Leucascidae is a family of calcareous sponges in the order Clathrinida.
|
open_qa
| 8,319 |
|
Which film star was the first to appear on a postage stamp
|
Grace Kelly
|
open_qa
| 8,321 |
|
Is cacao good for you?
|
Cacao is very good for the body. It is a good source of antioxidants, and other minerals. It has manganese, iron, magnesium, phosphorous, potassium, zinc, and selenium. These are also elements the body needs. There is 5 grams of protein in one ounce of cacao, and some of the amino acids in the cacao protein help with regulating mood and sleep. Cacao may also help with cognitive function, cardiovascular and gut health.
|
open_qa
| 8,322 |
|
How do you play soccer?
|
A standard soccer team has 11 players. Each team has 1 goalkeeper and 10 field players. Only the goalkeeper is allowed to use their hands while on the field and only in the penalty box area. The goal of the game is to move the soccer ball past the opposing team and put the ball into the opposing goal. If a player touches the ball out the sideline, the opposing team gets a thrown in from that spot. If a defending player plays the ball out the backline, the offensive team gets a corner kick. If the offensive player plays the ball out the backline, the defensive team gets a goal kick. Typically the game is played outside on a grass field. A regulation game is 90 minutes with a half time break. One main referee and two sideline referees officiate the game. Players are required to wear shin guards for protection. Outside of the United States the game is commonly known as football.
|
general_qa
| 8,323 |
|
What is Lawson in Japan?
|
Lawson, Inc. (株式会社ローソン, Kabushiki gaisha Rōson) is a convenience store franchise chain in Japan. The store originated in the United States in Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio, but exists today as a Japanese company based in Shinagawa, Tokyo.
|
Lawson is a convenience store franchise chain in Japan
|
closed_qa
| 8,325 |
Who won highest number of Men's singles Wimbledon titles?
|
Roger Federer won highest number of Wimbledon titles (8 Titles)
|
open_qa
| 8,326 |
|
What is the holographic principle?
|
The holographic principle is an axiom in string theories and a supposed property of quantum gravity that states that the description of a volume of space can be thought of as encoded on a lower-dimensional boundary to the region — such as a light-like boundary like a gravitational horizon.
The holographic principle states that the entropy of ordinary mass (not just black holes) is also proportional to surface area and not volume; that volume itself is illusory and the universe is really a hologram which is isomorphic to the information "inscribed" on the surface of its boundary.
First proposed by Gerard 't Hooft, it was given a precise string-theory interpretation by Leonard Susskind, who combined his ideas with previous ones of 't Hooft and Charles Thorn. Leonard Susskind said, “The three-dimensional world of ordinary experience––the universe filled with galaxies, stars, planets, houses, boulders, and people––is a hologram, an image of reality coded on a distant two-dimensional surface." As pointed out by Raphael Bousso, Thorn observed in 1978 that string theory admits a lower-dimensional description in which gravity emerges from it in what would now be called a holographic way. The prime example of holography is the AdS/CFT correspondence.
|
open_qa
| 8,331 |
|
What is the history of the travelling salesman problem throughout the years in a short bulleted list?
|
The origins of the travelling salesman problem are unclear. A handbook for travelling salesmen from 1832 mentions the problem and includes example tours through Germany and Switzerland, but contains no mathematical treatment.
William Rowan Hamilton
The TSP was mathematically formulated in the 19th century by the Irish mathematician William Rowan Hamilton and by the British mathematician Thomas Kirkman. Hamilton's icosian game was a recreational puzzle based on finding a Hamiltonian cycle. The general form of the TSP appears to have been first studied by mathematicians during the 1930s in Vienna and at Harvard, notably by Karl Menger, who defines the problem, considers the obvious brute-force algorithm, and observes the non-optimality of the nearest neighbour heuristic:
We denote by messenger problem (since in practice this question should be solved by each postman, anyway also by many travelers) the task to find, for finitely many points whose pairwise distances are known, the shortest route connecting the points. Of course, this problem is solvable by finitely many trials. Rules which would push the number of trials below the number of permutations of the given points, are not known. The rule that one first should go from the starting point to the closest point, then to the point closest to this, etc., in general does not yield the shortest route.
It was first considered mathematically in the 1930s by Merrill M. Flood who was looking to solve a school bus routing problem. Hassler Whitney at Princeton University generated interest in the problem, which he called the "48 states problem". The earliest publication using the phrase "travelling salesman problem" was the 1949 RAND Corporation report by Julia Robinson, "On the Hamiltonian game (a traveling salesman problem)."
In the 1950s and 1960s, the problem became increasingly popular in scientific circles in Europe and the United States after the RAND Corporation in Santa Monica offered prizes for steps in solving the problem. Notable contributions were made by George Dantzig, Delbert Ray Fulkerson and Selmer M. Johnson from the RAND Corporation, who expressed the problem as an integer linear program and developed the cutting plane method for its solution. They wrote what is considered the seminal paper on the subject in which with these new methods they solved an instance with 49 cities to optimality by constructing a tour and proving that no other tour could be shorter. Dantzig, Fulkerson and Johnson, however, speculated that given a near optimal solution we may be able to find optimality or prove optimality by adding a small number of extra inequalities (cuts). They used this idea to solve their initial 49 city problem using a string model. They found they only needed 26 cuts to come to a solution for their 49 city problem. While this paper did not give an algorithmic approach to TSP problems, the ideas that lay within it were indispensable to later creating exact solution methods for the TSP, though it would take 15 years to find an algorithmic approach in creating these cuts. As well as cutting plane methods, Dantzig, Fulkerson and Johnson used branch and bound algorithms perhaps for the first time.
In 1959, Jillian Beardwood, J.H. Halton and John Hammersley published an article entitled "The Shortest Path Through Many Points" in the journal of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. The Beardwood–Halton–Hammersley theorem provides a practical solution to the travelling salesman problem. The authors derived an asymptotic formula to determine the length of the shortest route for a salesman who starts at a home or office and visits a fixed number of locations before returning to the start.
In the following decades, the problem was studied by many researchers from mathematics, computer science, chemistry, physics, and other sciences. In the 1960s, however, a new approach was created, that instead of seeking optimal solutions would produce a solution whose length is provably bounded by a multiple of the optimal length, and in doing so would create lower bounds for the problem; these lower bounds would then be used with branch and bound approaches. One method of doing this was to create a minimum spanning tree of the graph and then double all its edges, which produces the bound that the length of an optimal tour is at most twice the weight of a minimum spanning tree.
In 1976, Christofides and Serdyukov independently of each other made a big advance in this direction: the Christofides-Serdyukov algorithm yields a solution that, in the worst case, is at most 1.5 times longer than the optimal solution. As the algorithm was simple and quick, many hoped it would give way to a near optimal solution method. However, this hope for improvement did not immediately materialize, and Christofides-Serdyukov remained the method with the best worst-case scenario until 2011, when a (very) slightly improved approximation algorithm was developed for the subset of "graphical" TSPs. In 2020 this tiny improvement was extended to the full (metric) TSP.
Richard M. Karp showed in 1972 that the Hamiltonian cycle problem was NP-complete, which implies the NP-hardness of TSP. This supplied a mathematical explanation for the apparent computational difficulty of finding optimal tours.
Great progress was made in the late 1970s and 1980, when Grötschel, Padberg, Rinaldi and others managed to exactly solve instances with up to 2,392 cities, using cutting planes and branch and bound.
In the 1990s, Applegate, Bixby, Chvátal, and Cook developed the program Concorde that has been used in many recent record solutions. Gerhard Reinelt published the TSPLIB in 1991, a collection of benchmark instances of varying difficulty, which has been used by many research groups for comparing results. In 2006, Cook and others computed an optimal tour through an 85,900-city instance given by a microchip layout problem, currently the largest solved TSPLIB instance. For many other instances with millions of cities, solutions can be found that are guaranteed to be within 2–3% of an optimal tour.
|
* 19th century - mathematically formulated for first time by the Irish mathematician William Rowan Hamilton and by the British mathematician Thomas Kirkman
* 1930s - First studied by mathematicians in Vienna and at Harvard, most notably by Karl Menger and Merill M. Flood who was looking to solve a school bus routing problem.
* 1959 - Jillian Beardwood, J.H. Halton and John Hammersley published an article entitled "The Shortest Path Through Many Points" in the journal of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, which provided the first practical solution.
* 1960s - new approach is created, which produce a solution whose length is provably bounded by a multiple of the optimal length.
* 1972 - Richard M. Karp showed that the Hamiltonian cycle problem was NP-complete, which implies the NP-hardness of traveling salesman problem.
* 1976 - Christofides and Serdyukov independently invented new algorithm, which yields a solution that in the worst case is at most 1.5 times longer than the optimal solution.
* 1990s - Applegate, Bixby, Chvátal, and Cook developed the program Concorde that has been used in many recent record solutions.
* 1991 - Gerhard Reinelt published the TSPLIB, a collection of benchmark instances of varying difficulty, which has been used by many research groups for comparing results
* 2006 - Cook and others computed an optimal tour through an 85,900-city instance given by a microchip layout problem, currently the largest solved TSPLIB instance.
* 2011 - Slightly improved approximation algorithm is developed for the subset of "graphical" traveling salesman problem.
* 2020 - The slightly improved approximation algorithm developed for the subset of "graphical" is extended to cover the full traveling salesman problem.
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closed_qa
| 8,332 |
When did Google purchase YouTube
|
In October 2006, YouTube was bought by Google for $1.65 billion. Google's ownership of YouTube expanded the site's business model, expanding from generating revenue from advertisements alone to offering paid content such as movies and exclusive content produced by YouTube. It also offers YouTube Premium, a paid subscription option for watching content without ads. YouTube also approved creators to participate in Google's AdSense program, which seeks to generate more revenue for both parties. YouTube reported revenue of $29.2 billion in 2022. In 2021, YouTube's annual advertising revenue increased to $28.8 billion, an increase in revenue of 9 billion from the previous year.
|
Google purchased YouTube in October 2006 for $1.65 billion
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closed_qa
| 8,334 |
Why do cats lick themselves
|
Cats lick to show affection, to bond with you and other cats, and to groom themselves. Licking excessively can signal your cat has a medical issue, an allergy, or stress and anxiety. You may need to take your cat to the vet for evaluation and treatment if they develop bald spots from grooming too much
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general_qa
| 8,339 |
|
Maria Magdelana Von Losch Beyyer know as who
|
Marlene Dietrich
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open_qa
| 8,340 |
|
Given this paragraph about video games, when was the Legend of Zelda originally released?
|
The Legend of Zelda, originally released in Japan as The Hyrule Fantasy: Zelda no Densetsu, is a 1986 action-adventure game developed and published by Nintendo. The first game of The Legend of Zelda series, it is set in the fantasy land of Hyrule and centers on an elf-like boy named Link, who aims to collect the eight fragments of the Triforce of Wisdom in order to rescue Princess Zelda from the antagonist Ganon. During the course of the game, the player controls Link from a top-down perspective and navigates throughout the overworld and dungeons, collecting weapons, defeating enemies and uncovering secrets along the way.
|
1986
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closed_qa
| 8,341 |
Name the BRICS nations.
|
Brazil, Russia, India, China & S.Africa
|
open_qa
| 8,343 |
|
given this reference text about 1891 Cypriot legislative election, What caused the non-Muslim seats to drop in 1886 to 10,030?
|
The Legislative Council consisted of six official members appointed by the High Commissioner and twelve elected members, three of which were Muslims and nine of which were non-Muslims.
The island was divided into three constituencies, each formed of two districts. Each constituency elected one Muslim and three non-Muslims. Muslim voters had one vote, whilst non-Muslims could vote for up to three candidates. Due to the high levels of illiteracy, voting was not secret, with voters required to tell the polling officers their candidates of choice, often in front of agents of the candidates.
Suffrage was limited to men aged over 21 who had been permanent residents during the five years prior to the elections, and who had paid either the verghi tax (which was levied as an annual payment of one four-thousandth of a property's value, 4% of rental income or 3% on profits or salaries) or rent for a dwelling or shop within the last year. However, of the estimated 40,000 taxpayers in the territory at the time of the elections, only those that had been able to pay their taxes on time were able to register to vote. The number of registered voters for the non-Muslim seats dropped from 15,408 in 1886 to 10,030.
|
Due to the requirement of paying your taxes on time in the previous year to be able to register to vote, the number of voters that were non-Muslim dropped.
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closed_qa
| 8,344 |
Given this paragraph, who was Ayrton Senna's teammate at McLaren-Honda?
|
Ayrton Senna began his motorsport career in karting, moved up to open-wheel racing in 1981 and won the 1983 British Formula Three Championship. He made his Formula One debut with Toleman-Hart in 1984, before moving to Lotus-Renault the following year and winning six Grands Prix over the next three seasons. In 1988, he joined Frenchman Alain Prost at McLaren-Honda. Between them, they won all but one of the 16 Grands Prix that year, and Senna claimed his first World Championship. Prost claimed the championship in 1989, and Senna his second and third championships in 1990 and 1991. In 1992, the Williams-Renault combination began to dominate Formula One. Senna nonetheless managed to finish the 1993 season as runner-up, winning five races and negotiating a move to Williams in 1994.
|
While at McLaren-Honda, Alain Prost was Ayrton Senna's teammate.
|
closed_qa
| 8,345 |
Given a reference text about the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, provide a bulleted list of the main elements of the act.
|
The Act to provide for reconciliation pursuant to titles II and V of the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2018, Pub. L. 115–97 (text) (PDF), is a congressional revenue act of the United States originally introduced in Congress as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA), that amended the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. Major elements of the changes include reducing tax rates for businesses and individuals, increasing the standard deduction and family tax credits, eliminating personal exemptions and making it less beneficial to itemize deductions, limiting deductions for state and local income taxes and property taxes, further limiting the mortgage interest deduction, reducing the alternative minimum tax for individuals and eliminating it for corporations, doubling the estate tax exemption, and set the penalty enforcing individual mandate of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) at $0.
The Act is based on tax reform advocated by congressional Republicans and the Trump administration. The nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office (CBO) reported that under the Act individuals and pass-through entities like partnerships and S corporations would receive about $1.125 trillion in net benefits (i.e. net tax cuts offset by reduced healthcare subsidies) over 10 years, while corporations would receive around $320 billion in benefits. The CBO estimated that implementing the Act would add an estimated $2.289 trillion to the national debt over ten years, or about $1.891 trillion after taking into account macroeconomic feedback effects, in addition to the $9.8 trillion increase forecast under the current policy baseline and existing $20 trillion national debt.[8
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The main elements of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act are:
- Reducing tax rates for businesses and individuals
- Increasing the standard deduction and family tax credits
- Eliminating personal exemptions
- Limiting deductions for state and local income and property taxes
- Limiting the mortgage interest deduction
- Reducing the alternative minimum tax
- Doubling the estate tax exemption
- Setting the penalty enforcing individual mandate of the Affordable Care Act at $0
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closed_qa
| 8,347 |
How many time zones does Alaska have?
|
Alaska has two time zones: Alaska Time Zone (UTC-09:00 standard and UTC-08:00 daylight saving) and Hawaii-Aleutian Time Zone (UTC-10:00 standard and UTC-09:00 daylight saving). The latter is used only by islands on the Aleutian chain that are west of 169°30′W.
|
open_qa
| 8,350 |
|
Why are cookies delicious?
|
Cookies are delicious typically because they contain fat (oils usually), sugar, and salt in addition to carbohydrates from flour, many ingredients of which human taste buds enjoy. They are also baked, adding the heat element, which chemically alters them to be more palatable.
|
general_qa
| 8,351 |
|
Why is Rafael Nadal so successful on clay courts?
|
There are a lot of factors contributing to Rafael Nadal's success on clay. It starts with his preferred play style, heavy topspin. Heavily top spun ball bites into the surface more and jumped up higher, making it harder for the opponents to get the ball back. Next is his physical prowess -- clay courts are slow, which leads to longer points, so the players have to be in fantastic physical shape for them to keep playing at their best levels for 3-4 hours on average. Finally, Rafael Nadal's attitude and competitive spirit -- never give up, always plays with a high-intensity point in point out, and plays the sport with humility make him the ultimate champion he is on clay courts.
|
general_qa
| 8,356 |
|
Given these paragraphs, tell me what a recurrent neural network , and how it differs from a convolutional neural network.
|
A recurrent neural network (RNN) is a class of artificial neural networks where connections between nodes can create a cycle, allowing output from some nodes to affect subsequent input to the same nodes. This allows it to exhibit temporal dynamic behavior. Derived from feedforward neural networks, RNNs can use their internal state (memory) to process variable length sequences of inputs. This makes them applicable to tasks such as unsegmented, connected handwriting recognition or speech recognition. Recurrent neural networks are theoretically Turing complete and can run arbitrary programs to process arbitrary sequences of inputs.
The term "recurrent neural network" is used to refer to the class of networks with an infinite impulse response, whereas "convolutional neural network" refers to the class of finite impulse response. Both classes of networks exhibit temporal dynamic behavior. A finite impulse recurrent network is a directed acyclic graph that can be unrolled and replaced with a strictly feedforward neural network, while an infinite impulse recurrent network is a directed cyclic graph that can not be unrolled.
Both finite impulse and infinite impulse recurrent networks can have additional stored states, and the storage can be under direct control by the neural network. The storage can also be replaced by another network or graph if that incorporates time delays or has feedback loops. Such controlled states are referred to as gated state or gated memory, and are part of long short-term memory networks (LSTMs) and gated recurrent units. This is also called Feedback Neural Network (FNN).
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A recurrent neural network is a class of artificial neural networks where connections between nodes can create a cycle, allowing output from some nodes to affect subsequent input to the same nodes.The term "recurrent neural network" is used to refer to the class of networks with an infinite impulse response, whereas "convolutional neural network" refers to the class of finite impulse response.
|
closed_qa
| 8,359 |
What are some ways I can improve my general health during my work day?
|
There are a number of things you can do to improve your general health during your working day. You can use a standing desk or a desk treadmill. You may be able to go for a walk while on a phone or conference call. It is also good to try and fit in some time for activities such as visiting the gym, doing yoga or meditating.
|
general_qa
| 8,362 |
|
Where is k-38 surf spot located?
|
Baja California
|
open_qa
| 8,368 |
|
In music, what is a triad?
|
Three tones (musical notes) make up a triad. Depending on the interval between the notes, different types of musical chords can be created. For instance, a C major chord is made up of the triad notes C, E, G. The C minor chord is made up of the triad C, E-minor, G.
|
open_qa
| 8,370 |
|
When did google first start?
|
Google was founded on September 4, 1998. The first investor in Google was the Sun co-founder who wrote them their first check for $100,000. In the beginning they were just a search engine for internet browsing. As this gained popularity they have developed hundreds of other products used by billions of people and companies all over the world. Some technologies they produced after their initial launch that people use today are gmail, google workspaces, and google cloud platform.
|
open_qa
| 8,373 |
|
What is Maven?
|
Maven is a build automation tool used primarily for Java projects.
|
open_qa
| 8,374 |
|
Given this paragraph about video games in the Netherlands, how many people work in the games industry?
|
The Netherlands' mainstream video games market, not taking into consideration the serious and casual games, is the sixth largest in Europe. In 2008, the Dutch market took up 3.95% of the entire European market in total sales and 4.19% in software sales.
A significant part of the Netherlands' gaming industry is in serious games, in which Dutch companies make a significant part of the worldwide industry.
In the Netherlands, an estimated of 4,000 people are working in the games industry, at more than 600 companies. Over 45 of the companies are located in the Dutch Game Garden, a government subsidized organization with the aim of promoting and improving the video games industry in the Netherlands.
|
4,000
|
closed_qa
| 8,375 |
How to do you convert from inches to cm?
|
You can convert inches to centimeters using the following:
cm = 2.54 * inches, for example, 5 inches = 5 * 2.54 = 12.7 cm
|
general_qa
| 8,377 |
|
what book would you recommend for pregnant women?
|
Pregnant women have a lot on their plate, including their own physical and mental health and preparation for childbirth and newborn care. What to expect when you are expecting written by Heidi Murkoff is a popular book that provides a 360 degree view of pregnancy details like week-by-week fetal development and nutrient recommendations for each month. Expecting better by Emily Oster is another popular, more data-oriented and anecdotal, aiming to debunk common misguided rules and myths about pregnancy. Heng Ou's Nine Golden Months focuses more on mental power and nutrient suggestions for expecting moms. It also provides incredible recipes that turn easy-to-access grocery store staples to tasty and nutrient dishes.
|
open_qa
| 8,380 |
|
What options does the Federal Reserve have to fight inflation?
|
The Federal Reserve is the central bank of the United States, and its remit is to provide the nation a more stable and durable monetary system. The Federal Reserve, or the Fed, is specifically tasked with maintaining maximum employment while ensuring price stability. The United States is currently experiencing persistent inflation. Typically, the Federal Reserve will raise interest rates when initially trying to combat inflation. The increased rates make lending more expensive, and subsequently discourages capital investment and borrowing. The added cost in turn reduces demand for products and services. Lower demand normally leads to dropping prices to try and motivate potential buyers. The other primary method involves open-market operations. When inflation is running higher than expected, the Fed can reduce the money supply by selling securities and taking currency out of circulation. Since there are fewer dollars in circulation, each remaining dollar is correspondingly worth more than it was before those transactions.
|
general_qa
| 8,385 |
|
Which countries are the freest?
|
It depends. Different people may have different points of view, and also can give more or less value to different things that can imply some level of "freedom". There are many different indexes that sometimes are used for measuring the freedom degree of the world's nations, e.g:
- The Index of Economic Freedom is a well known index, created by The Heritage Foundation and The Wall Street Journal in 1995, that measures economic freedom based on 12 different aspects. It is updated every year.
- The Human Freedom Index is developed by the Cato Institute, a libertarian think tank in the United States. It is a global ranking that uses ranks countries according to their levels of personal, civil and economic freedom.
In any case, it depends on what do you understand by "freedom", and also what you want to compare among the different countries.
|
general_qa
| 8,386 |
|
What is it like to have children and how many should I have?
|
Having children is an amazing experience. You never know love like the love of a child. Having children brings families closer together because they are playful, loving, innocent, and silly at times as they learn to navigate this world. Children make us laugh, smile, love, learn patience and understanding, teach us thoughtful communication, and even how to be children again. They also do certain things and actions that can bring back deep seeded memories of when we were kids and then we can relive those experiences together. I cannot answer how many children you should have but definitely give it some thought because it might bring you happiness too.
|
open_qa
| 8,387 |
|
What is the negative side effect of the "fire power" on Fargus?
|
Pandemonium 2 is a psychedelic 2.5D game; specifically, it renders characters and environments with polygons and uses a 3D camera to create the appearance of 3-D, while gameplay is actually on a 2-D plane. Players can choose to be either Nikki or Fargus - who each have different specialties - with the option to change for each level. The player characters' abilities have been expanded over those in Pandemonium! with the ability to climb ropes, crawl, and pull themselves up ledges. During the quest, players can earn extra lives by collecting treasure.
Unique powers collected during gameplay may replace, extend or add to previous powers, depending on which character is in play and which power has been obtained. The characters handle the unique powers differently. For instance, collecting the "fire power" allows Nikki to shoot destructive fireballs, while it grants Fargus invincibility and a deadly touch, but requires him to constantly move forward. Machines and equipment are also available throughout the game, although they are tied to certain areas.
|
It requires him to constantly move forward.
|
closed_qa
| 8,390 |
Given a reference tax about a footballer, tell me when they were born, what is their nationalities and which years they won the FIFA World cup.
|
Lionel Andrés Messi[note 1] (Spanish pronunciation: [ljoˈnel anˈdɾes ˈmesi] (listen); born 24 June 1987), also known as Leo Messi, is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a forward for Ligue 1 club Paris Saint-Germain and captains the Argentina national team. Widely regarded as one of the greatest players of all time, Messi has won a record seven Ballon d'Or awards[note 2] and a record six European Golden Shoes, and in 2020 he was named to the Ballon d'Or Dream Team. Until leaving the club in 2021, he had spent his entire professional career with Barcelona, where he won a club-record 34 trophies, including 10 La Liga titles, seven Copa del Rey titles and four UEFA Champions Leagues. With his country, he won the 2021 Copa América and the 2022 FIFA World Cup. A prolific goalscorer and creative playmaker, Messi holds the records for most goals in La Liga (474), most hat-tricks in La Liga (36) and the UEFA Champions League (eight), and most assists in La Liga (192) and the Copa América (17). He also has the most international goals by a South American male (102). Messi has scored over 800 senior career goals for club and country, and has the most goals by a player for a single club (672).
|
Lionel Andrés Messi, also known as Leo Messi, was born 24 June 1987. He is an Argentine professional footballer. In 2022, He won 2022 FIFA World Cup with his country.
|
closed_qa
| 8,391 |
Given a reference text about refugees, tell me about refugee camps.
|
A refugee camp is a place built by governments or NGOs (such as the Red Cross) to receive refugees, internally displaced persons or sometimes also other migrants. It is usually designed to offer acute and temporary accommodation and services and any more permanent facilities and structures often banned. People may stay in these camps for many years, receiving emergency food, education and medical aid until it is safe enough to return to their country of origin. There, refugees are at risk of disease, child soldier and terrorist recruitment, and physical and sexual violence. There are estimated to be 700 refugee camp locations worldwide.
|
A refugee camps are generally built by governments or non-government organizations, such as the Red Cross. They are built to receive displaced individuals.
|
closed_qa
| 8,394 |
Who is the greatest ever soccer player?
|
Cristiano Ronaldo
|
open_qa
| 8,396 |
|
How did the Australian Shepard get its name?
|
Despite its name, the Australian Shepard is not actually from Australia but its origins trace back to the United States (California to be specific), where the breed was first developed. Australian Shepards were bred from a variety herding breeds, including shepherds from the Asturias region of Spain, and at one point were known as Spanish Shepherds.
|
open_qa
| 8,398 |
|
Given this paragraph about London, give me one reason why epidemics were spread in London.
|
With the onset of the Industrial Revolution in Britain, an unprecedented growth in urbanisation took place, and the number of High Streets (the primary street for retail in Britain) rapidly grew. London was the world's largest city from about 1831 to 1925, with a population density of 325 per hectare. In addition to the growing number of stores selling goods such as Harding, Howell & Co. on Pall Mall—a contender for the first department store—the streets had scores of street sellers loudly advertising their goods and services. London's overcrowded conditions led to cholera epidemics, claiming 14,000 lives in 1848, and 6,000 in 1866. Rising traffic congestion led to the creation of the world's first local urban rail network. The Metropolitan Board of Works oversaw infrastructure expansion in the capital and some surrounding counties; it was abolished in 1889 when the London County Council was created out of county areas surrounding the capital.
|
London's overcrowded conditions is one reason why epidemics spread in London.
|
closed_qa
| 8,399 |
What did Stryk study at the Technical University of Munich?
|
From 1984 to 1989 Stryk studied mathematics and computer science at the Technical University of Munich. In 1994 he received his doctorate in mathematics and then habilitated at the university. He was then postdoctoral researcher at TU Munich. Since 2000 he is professor of simulation, system optimization and robotics at the department of computer science of the Technische Universität Darmstadt. From April 2011 to March 2013 he was dean of the department. He was visiting professor and lecturer at the University of California, San Diego, and the Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil. Stryk is vice president of Robocup. Since 2018 he has been building the German Rescue Robotics Centre.
|
Stryk studied mathematics and computer science at the Technical University of Munich.
|
closed_qa
| 8,402 |
How old was Josh Logan when Gunshy released its album?
|
Josh Logan (born 1980), born Josh Corder, is a singer-songwriter, vocalist and guitarist best known for his performances on the television shows Rock Star: Supernova and The Voice. By the age of 15, Logan was on-stage as the front man for the local New England rock band Gunshy. The band released one album in 1996, but broke up when Logan was 18. After the breakup, Logan played at local venues for two years as a solo artist, hosting open mic nights as well as performing, to hone his skills as a solo musician.
|
Josh Logan was 16 years old. He was born in 1980 and the album released in 1996, so 1996-1980 = 16
|
closed_qa
| 8,409 |
why is twitter messages limited to 140 characters
|
Twitter was originally designed for phone text messages and most phones had a limited amount of characters to send messages.
|
open_qa
| 8,410 |
|
Why do babies cry?
|
Babies can cry from a variety of reasons. Either the baby is hungry, uncomfortable, needs a change of diaper or just in need of a hug. Babies cannot speak so the only way they express their emotions is via crying or smiling. When a baby cries they are typically looking for attention or for you to address a matter for them. Try to see what is making your baby uncomfortable and try to address the root cause. When a baby cries uncontrollably and you cannot decipher the cause, check with your pediatrician.
|
general_qa
| 8,411 |
|
Who is BTS?
|
BTS is a South Korean group consisting of seven members, Jin, Suga, J-Hop, RM, Jimin, V and Jungkook. Their music style has evolved from when they originally debuted as a hip hop group in 2010. The subject of their songs include topics like coming of age, mental health and troubles faced in your youth. BTS has come along way since their early years have won dozens awards and have several Grammy nominations under their belt.
|
open_qa
| 8,412 |
|
What is alkaline ionized water is it good for me?
|
Alkaline ionized water can be created in a number of ways. Alkaline water ionizers make water alkaline through a process called electrolysis. Electrolysis separates water into two streams of water - alkaline and acidic water using electricity flowing through an electrode plate in the machine. Some of the properties of alkaline ionized water is that it had molecular hydrogen, and it is also alkaline. Molecular hydrogen is a good anti-inflammatory for the body, and it should be consumed daily if possible. Alkaline water ionizers also make the water alkaline without the use of chemicals in the water like baking soda.
|
open_qa
| 8,413 |
|
What makes a good parent?
|
A good parent is someone who puts the needs and goals of their kids before their own. A good parent understands that raising great kids to be great adults is one of the biggest accomplishments someone can have. A good parent excels at teaching, nurturing, and balancing discipline with rewards to help their kids make good decisions.
|
general_qa
| 8,416 |
|
How many continents are there in total?
|
There are 7 continents in total.
|
open_qa
| 8,417 |
|
What are the 5 most effective ways to convert a prospect to a customer?
|
The journey from cold prospect to loyal customer is as tricky as the alchemy that transforms a stranger into a close personal friend. While there are a thousand possible paths, a handful of methods have proven consistently effective as triggers for moving prospects down the funnel toward purchase.
The first is personal referral. A personal referral or endorsement is worth more than 10,000 words of marketing material. Knowing that someone we know and trust can vouch for a product or service counts for so much that we will instinctually lower our guard and open our ears to a sales pitch.
Second is the testimonial. Like a referral, knowing that someone else -- generally a brand we know or at least can recognize -- uses a product or service predisposes us to try it ourselves. This is especially true of unknown brands or products. Think of when you pass a new restaurant. You may not know the name, the menu or the quality but if there's a crowd inside we naturally assume it must be good. The same goes for a new brand -- when you see others are endorsing it, we relax our natural suspicion and are more willing to give it a try.
Third is the offer. It's not enough to build a great product. You have to overcome people's natural reluctance to open their wallets when you're asking them to pay full price. The offer can take many forms -- from a discount to a free trial to a bonus offer. Adding urgency -- such as a limited quantity or expiration on the offer can also help.
Fourth is the three-step. This works especially well for big-ticket items or purchases that involve a large number of people or disruption to an organization. The 3-step acknowledges that nobody buys a $2,000,000 solution without giving it a lot of thought. So first we simply get them to raise their hand and express interest. This can be done through a top-of-funnel asset like an eBook or webinar. The second step is an offer that gets them more involved with the product, such as a demo. And the third step is a face-to-face meeting with the sales team.
Fifth is third-party validation. Many prospects have an allergic reaction to anything that smells like marketing. But what if they are reading a glowing piece about your. in the Wall Street Journal? Or Gartner places you at the top of one of its magic quadrants? This kind of validation from what is perceived as an objective source carries a lot more weight than marketing content.
In practice, most businesses use a combination of the five techniques described above. Each will resonate in different ways with prospects; and in combination they can be extremely effective at creating that aura around your company and products that cause the prospect to push the "Buy now" button.
|
general_qa
| 8,418 |
|
How do I become a pilot?
|
In the U.S. are several requirements to become a pilot. These vary based on what type of pilot you want to become (e.g., private or commercial), what aircraft you want to fly, and under what conditions. Generally speaking, all pilots must get a medical certificate to prove they're in good enough health to fly, pass the FAA written exam, complete sufficient training hours, then pass a check ride. Do all this, and congratulations, you're now a pilot!
|
general_qa
| 8,419 |
|
Who owns the Dallas Cowboys?
|
Jerry Jones
|
open_qa
| 8,422 |
|
What are the two professional football teams in Chicago?
|
Chicago Bears and Chicago White Sox
|
open_qa
| 8,428 |
|
Where can I find high-resolution versions of the Spark logo?
|
We provide versions here: black logo, white logo. Please be aware that Spark, Apache Spark and the Spark logo are trademarks of the Apache Software Foundation, and follow the Foundation's trademark policy in all uses of these logos.
|
general_qa
| 8,429 |
|
How many planets are there in the Solar System ?
|
As of 2023, there are 8 planets in the Solar system :
- Mercury
- Venus
- Earth
- Mars
- Jupiter
- Saturn
- Uranus
- Neptune
Up until 2006, Pluto was considered the 9th planet before being reclassified as a "dwarf planet" by the International Astronomical Union (IAU).
|
open_qa
| 8,430 |
|
What is Mount Rainier?
|
Mount Rainier is a mountain in Washington State. It is part of a Cascade Range that spans across the Pacific Northwest of the America. Having an elevation of 14,411 feet. its highest point is always covered with snow. It is also a popular destination for many people for hiking and other outdoor activities.
|
general_qa
| 8,431 |
|
Who are the most famous artists?
|
There are many famous artists throughout history and across many mediums such as painting, sculpture and photography. Some of the most famous artists known for their paintings are Leonardo Da Vinci, Vincent Van Gogh, Pablo Picasso, Claude Monet and Salvador Dali. Michelangelo is one of the most famous painter's and sculptor's in history. Ansel Adams is known as one of the most famous photographers of American Landscapes. Annie Leibovitz is also a famous photographer known for her celebrity portraits.
|
general_qa
| 8,436 |
|
What's are common synonyms for an enterprise sales person?
|
salesman, saleswoman, rep, sales rep, account exec, seller, AE, account rep
|
open_qa
| 8,437 |
|
When does Ramsay Bolton kill his stepmother and half-brother?
|
In the second episode of the sixth season of Game of Thrones ("Home"), Ramsay Bolton tricks his stepmother, Walda Frey, into going into the kennels with her newborn son (and Ramsay's half-brother), where the two are killed by Ramsay's dog.
|
open_qa
| 8,443 |
|
Who won the 2000 World Series?
|
The 2000 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2000 season. The 96th edition of the World Series, it was a best-of-seven playoff between crosstown opponents, the two-time defending World Series champions and American League (AL) champion New York Yankees and the National League (NL) champion New York Mets. The Yankees defeated the Mets, four games to one, to win their third consecutive championship and 26th overall. The series was often referred to as the "Subway Series", referring to the longstanding matchup between New York baseball teams; it was the first World Series contested between two New York teams since the 1956 World Series and the first since the New York Giants and the Brooklyn Dodgers moved west to California (as the current San Francisco Giants and Los Angeles Dodgers, respectively) in 1958 and the subsequent formation of the Mets in 1962. This World Series that featured teams from the same city or state, was the first of its kind since 1989 between the Oakland Athletics and the San Francisco Giants. Yankees shortstop Derek Jeter was named the World Series Most Valuable Player.
|
New York Yankees defeated the NY Mets 4 games to 1
|
closed_qa
| 8,445 |
How much did the United States pay for Alaska when it bought the land from Russia?
|
$7.2 million.
|
open_qa
| 8,448 |
|
When was the United States officially recognized as an independent nation?
|
The United Kingdom officially recognized the US as an independent nation on September 3, 1783.
|
open_qa
| 8,449 |
|
What town is the Simpsons set in?
|
Springfield
|
open_qa
| 8,450 |
|
How can we reduce the impact of global warming?
|
There are many steps we can take to reduce the impact of global warming. We should drive smaller cars that consume less fossil fuel or even better drive electric cars. We should limit are air travels since planes use jet fuel and rely more on remote conference calls. Additionally we should install solar panels in our houses and give back electricity to the grid when possible. Another interesting action we could take is reduce consumption of red meat, since cows are one of the most important sources of C02 emission into the atmosphere.
|
general_qa
| 8,452 |
|
What's the best career advise you could give a new graduate entering into a technical or analytics field?
|
A key feature of any technical or analytics job is that you will be constantly challenged with new trying something new. You will need to learn to learn, i.e. to teach yourself new techniques and new technology, and to have the courage to apply these things to complex challenges where it's not always clear that you have the right answer (and where very few if any people can fully validate your work). For many people, the uncertainty and risk of failure associated with these situations tends to push them towards safe and known opportunities with well-tread paths for them to follow. If you crave a fulfilling career, have the courage to pursue the paths less traveled, acknowledge and learn from your failures and surround yourself with others similarly willing to stretch and grow. You will find such choices lead to a more satisfying career over the longer term.
|
general_qa
| 8,453 |
|
How are rainbows formed
|
Rainbows are formed by a combination of various factors: the physics of light, it's components and interaction that combined with the dynamics of the rain droplets and the angle of sun hitting the water droplets.
Contrary to popular belief, the rain droplets are spherical and when light passes through this denser sphere, the light is scattered due to refraction into it's component wavelengths corresponding to the VIBGYOR pattern.
|
open_qa
| 8,455 |
|
Given the following paragraph, how tall is the Leaning Tower of Pisa?
|
The Leaning Tower of Pisa (Italian: torre pendente di Pisa), or simply, the Tower of Pisa (torre di Pisa [ˈtorre di ˈpiːza; ˈpiːsa]), is the campanile, or freestanding bell tower, of Pisa Cathedral. It is known for its nearly four-degree lean, the result of an unstable foundation. The tower is one of three structures in the Pisa's Cathedral Square (Piazza del Duomo), which includes the cathedral and Pisa Baptistry.
The height of the tower is 55.86 metres (183 feet 3 inches) from the ground on the low side and 56.67 m (185 ft 11 in) on the high side. The width of the walls at the base is 2.44 m (8 ft 0 in). Its weight is estimated at 14,500 tonnes (16,000 short tons). The tower has 296 or 294 steps; the seventh floor has two fewer steps on the north-facing staircase.
|
The height of the tower is 55.86 metres (183 feet 3 inches) from the ground on the low side and 56.67 m (185 ft 11 in) on the high side.
|
closed_qa
| 8,456 |
What do you think: can we release this without a UI and add that later? Can we release it as GA without a UI?
|
I think we're better off releasing it as an update to. the public preview if we aren't going to have a UI. And the API needs to be very well documented. If we do release it as GA without a UI, we should definitely message to customers that a UI is coming (although not promise a time frame or ETA).
|
general_qa
| 8,457 |
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