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Regarded as one of the greatest Presidents of The United States, Theodore Roosevelt (1858-1919) led a full and vibrant life that reflected his storied personality and presence. "The Autobiography of Theodore Roosevelt" is an invaluable literary work and a true gift to readers, as it is a glimpse into the psyche of such an enigmatic historical figure. Roosevelt led a life rich in accomplishments not limited to his being the youngest president in US history. He was a courageous soldier, posthumously receiving the Medal of Honor for his creation and leadership of the Rough Riders in Cuba during the Spanish-American War. He was also the first American to win a Nobel Peace prize, which he received for his negotiation of the end of the Russo-Japanese War. In addition, Roosevelt was an adventurer with a taste for hunting and exploring, especially in South America, where a river is named after him. His iconic slogan, "Speak softly and carry a big stick," is still quoted and embodied by politicians to this very day, exemplifying his indelible impact on the history of the United States. About Theodore RooseveltSee more books from this Author An aggregated and normalized score based on 30 user ratings from iDreamBooks & iTunes
Samuel Ball, man of Substance-Oak Island (1765 – 1846) World famous Oak Island was open to the public. It was 1973 and for the first time since the treasure hunt began back in 1795, an organized, well received walking tour was being offered by the Nova Scotia Department of Tourism in conjunction with the current treasure hunting syndicate, Triton Alliance Corporation. With this in mind, I would like to tell you another story of Oak Island. A story not well covered by the learned authors who choose to tell us the story of the treasure hunt. Oak Island has seen a more pastoral history as men, and the women who accompanied them, broke the soil, not to look for buried loot, but to grow crops, raise livestock, fish and eke out an existence in the boreal forests and headlands of Eastern Canada. Samuel Ball was such a man. His beginnings were not the same as the farmers he shared the soil of Oak Island with. Born in South Carolina in 1765 to a very poor black family, Samuel was at the very brink of a new age for men of his comparison. You see, Samuel was born into a life of misery, a life of no hope for the future but a hard day’s work and a poor ration of food, Samuel’s family were in fact, slaves for the rich landlords of the infamous southern plantations. Many black men were offered all sorts of promises by the British forces during the American Revolution and none were so promising than the chance for some land and to be free. Adopting the name of his former master, Ball made his way to New York serving with General Henry Clinton and then spent some time Major Ward in the Jersey’s where he served until the end of the war on January 14, 1784 with the signing of the Treaty of Paris. It was also reported that he served some time with Lord Cornwallis after the war. From here, Ball made his way to Shelburne Nova Scotia and lived there for two years. Not being at all happy with his treatment in Shelburne, he then pulled up stakes and moved to Chester where it is reported he lived for 23 years. He bought a piece of land on Oak Island and then was granted 4 acres more at lot number 32. As time went on, he eventually owned around 100 acres of land, and an island called Hook Island along with his farm on Oak Island consisting of around 36 acres. The census of 1791 says he was a farmer on Oak Island at that time, but his history does not back this up. If he left the US at the end of the war, 1784, spent two years in Shelburne, twenty three more years in Chester, he would then have to be living on Oak Island no earlier than 1808 or 1809, ten years or so after the discovery of the famous Money Pit. Unfortunately, history of black settlers was not very accurate and often lacked details. In 1795, Samuel Ball found love in Halifax and married a young woman, Mary, who worked as a domestic for Treasurer Wallace. They had three children, Andrew (1798), Samuel (1801) and Mary (1805) all born in Chester. Among his many friends, he could count on one of the treasure hunters, Anthony Vaughan who was named as executor of his will. On Lot 25 on Oak Island, Samuel and his small family built a house and worked the land, they broke it into ploughed acreage and raised crops. He also maintained cattle and made a good living on this famous island, cut firewood, and breathed the clear salty air. The foundation of his home can bee seen on Oak Island to today. Somewhere along the way, his wife Mary was no more, history does not record her passing or reason for the absence from the family. In his will of 1846 he speaks of his wife Catherine. When he died at home on December 14, 1846 at the age of 81 years, those who knew Samuel Ball could say that he was a “good man”. He left behind a legacy of assistance to others and made provision in his will for them. He had at least one grandson, and was so proud of his adopted surname that in his will he declared that, “None shall possess same (land) unless they take the name Ball”. He was also thought to be Lunenburg County’s only black Loyalist. Those who recorded old memories, reported that in his house, one could view silhouettes of he and Mrs. Ball. From his developing fields and land, he no doubt watched the frantic digging of the men from the Onslow Company of 1804 but he did not live to see another treasure hunt. I wonder what he thought about it all. I wonder if at the end of another hard day he would sit and watch his children play, drink a cup of tea with Catherine and think of his beloved Mary. I wonder how often he thought about his parents, siblings and friends he left so many miles away. I think you will agree with me, with all the trials and hardships, it seems he did very well for himself and died a happy, successful man, a free man. – The Blacks of Nova Scotia by Cherene Naugler – The will of Samuel Ball, book 1 page 37 – The Oak Island Mystery by Reginald Harris – History of the County of Lunenburg by Mather Byles Desbrisay
Traditional Braces to give you the perfect smile you've always wanted What is Orthodontics? Orthodontics is a branch of dentistry that specializes in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of jaw, face and bite irregularities. Orthodontic treatment and care has changed through the years and now more and more patients are experiencing fewer incidences of cavities and missing teeth due to the heightened awareness of fluoride use and preventative dentistry. As a result of more emphasis on oral health and achieving that perfect smile, many patients are seeking out orthodontia not only as a medical necessity, but for cosmetic reasons as well. Why get Orthodontia Treatment? Patients getorthodontic treatment to correct misaligned teeth. The reasons for this are many and include boosting self-confidence from having straight teeth, which are pleasing to look at. More importantly, properly aligned teeth enhance the biting, chewing and speaking functions of the jaw. There are several types of irregularities including: Overbite – The upper teeth protrude further than or completely cover the lower teeth. Underbite – The lower teeth protrude further than the upper teeth causing the chin to look prominent. Crossbite – Some of the upper teeth may close inside the lower teeth rather than on the outside. Overcrowding – Insufficient room on the arch causes some adult teeth to erupt incorrectly and become rotated. How does the Procedure Work? Generally, orthodontic treatment takes between six and 18 months to complete. The treatment time will largely depend on the classification of the malocclusion, the type of dental devices used to correct it and the perseverance of the patient. Here is a general overview of the major stages of treatment: Phase 1 – The Planning Stage Dr. Chao or Dr. Craw will make an exact diagnosis in order to realign the teeth in the most effective and expedient way. Your first visit may comprise of some of the following evaluations: - Medical and dental evaluations – Dental and physical problems tend to go hand in hand. Problems in the oral cavity can lead to (or be caused by) medical problems. The goal of this evaluation is to ensure that prior medical and dental issues are completely under control before treatment begins. - Study model (castings/bite impressions) – You will be asked to bite down into a dental tray filled with a gel substance that hardens around the teeth. The trays are removed from the teeth and filled with plaster to create models of your teeth. Study models enable the dentist to study the position of each tooth, and how it relates to the other teeth.You will be referred to a dental laboratory for a few images and x-rays following your consultation with our office Phase 2 – The Active Phase All of the above diagnostic tools will be used to diagnosis and develop a customized treatment plan you. Most commonly, traditional fixed braces are affixed, which utilizes individual dental brackets connected by an arch wire. The dentist will regularly adjust your wire to ensure adequate and continual pressure is being applied to the teeth. It is essential to visit the dentist at the designated intervals (6 to 8 weeks) and to call if part of the device breaks or becomes damaged. What Happens After Treatment? The phase after treatment is known as the retention stage. When the teeth have been correctly aligned, fixed braces and removable devices will be removed and discontinued. The dentist will then create a custom retainer. The goal of the retainer is to ensure that the teeth do not begin to shift back to their original positions. Retainers need to be worn for most of the day for the first 6 to 12 months, then only at night while sleeping. During the retention phase, the jawbone will reform around the realigned teeth to fully stabilize them in the correct alignment. The "Invisible" Way to The Perfect Smile What is Invisalign®? Invisalign® is an orthodontic treatment that is designed to slowly move misaligned teeth into proper alignment. It consists of a series of clear, plastic trays which fit closely around your teeth. Invisalign® is virtually invisible on your teeth, so only you and your dentist have to know you are wearing your aligners. At the end of the treatment period, you can enjoy the straight, stunning smile you have always desired. Most patients who desire to have their teeth straightened are good candidates for Invisalign®. The system can treat mild to complex cases. Whether you have several teeth out of place or need your entire set of teeth straightened, it's worth scheduling a consultation with our orthodontists to see whether you are a candidate for Invisalign®.
Barcaldine and the History of the Tree of Knowledge The name Barcaldine originates from The Oban region in Scotland. Donald Charles Cameron was one of the first settlers in the Barcaldine district and a direct descendant of the Campbell’s of Barcaldine Castle. He settled on a portion of land fronting the Alice River and immediately named his property “Barcaldine Downs”. In 1864 the rail line came as far as Lagoon Creek and the township of Barcaldine sprang up on land from the Barcaldine Downs run. The ghost gum, Eucalyptus Papuana, which grew outside the Railway Station, earned its claim to fame as the founding site of the political movement we now know as the Australian Labor Party. In 1891 Barcaldine was the centre for the striking shearers during the “Great Shearers Strike” when they met under its boughs. In May 1891, about 3000 striking shearers marched under the “Eureka” flag to put forward their protests against poor working conditions and low wages. Because the area beneath the Tree of Knowledge was the scene of actions and decisions which had a profound effect on the future of labour and politics in Australia, it has become an icon of the Labor Party and Trade Unions. The Tree of Knowledge was included in the National Heritage List on 26th January 2006. Sadly it was poisoned in 2006 and did not recover. What was once a one day float parade on the Labour Day Monday and known as May Day Parade & Celebrations has grown to a full weekend of community celebration embracing a diverse range of activities including Street Festival, Rev Fest, and Goat Racing now known as the Tree of Knowledge Festival. The May Day holiday was abandoned in 2013 but the festival proceeds as usual, using the motto "We may have lost the holiday but we haven't lost the tradition".
Antibiotic Sensitive Testing Card Set Information Antibiotic Sensitive Testing In the past, how were infectious diseases treated? empirically based on expectation that the bacteria is susceptible to the drug How are infectious diseases treated now? by selecting an appropriate antimicrobial agent (which can be challenging) Is the resistance to essentially all antimicrobials been documented? What is susceptibility testing? determines susceptibility of the bacteria to an antimicrobial drug determines resistance of the bacteria to an antimicrobial drug What do the results of a susceptibility test indicate? which antimicrobials to use Should the specimen used for testing be taken prior to or after any treatment with antimicrobials? Can antimicrobials be given once the sample has been taken and before we get the results back from the test? yes and then once the results are in the antimicrobial can be changed to a more appropriate one based on the test results Which is better to use for a susceptibility test, an isolated pure culture or a fresh sample? an isolated pure culture Why is it better to use an isolated pure culture when doing a susceptibility test? ensures that your sample is pure and not mixed How do we determine which antibiotic discs would be more effective? gram stain the isolated culture Which agar do we use for the Kirby-Bauer method? Why? Mueller-Hinton agar because it is the most reproducible, standardized zone of inhibition results What is the Kirby Bauer method? paper discs impregnated with antimicrobials What does the concentration of the antimicrobial drug in each disc correlate with? blood and tissue levels in the patient What are the steps to doing the Kirby Bauer method? bacteria is swabbed on the agar to make an even growth (lawn) antimicrobial discs are placed on the surface of the agar antibiotic diffuses from the disc into the agar incubate for 18 - 24 hours look at the zones of inhibition What is the zone of inhibition? no growth of bacteria in the immediate area surrounding the disc (clear zones) What causes the zones of inhibition? bacteria have been killed or inhibited from growing by antibiotic which has diffused into the agar from the disc What does the size of the zones of inhibition depend on? the sensitivity of the bacteria to the antibiotic and to the rate of diffusion of the antibiotic through the agar What are the three different results from the zone of inhibition? How do we read the plates to get the zone of inhibition? hold the plate up to the light measure from the back with a ruler measure at the widest diameter measuring units are mm If the zone of inhibition is sensitive, what does that mean? bacteria may be treated with standard dose of antibiotics If the zone of inhibition is intermediate, what does that mean? infection is sensitive if treated with higher than standard doses, or in areas that concentrate the antibiotic If the zone of inhibition is resistant, what does that mean? infection is not inhibited by the usual dose of the drug - not likely to be effective Should the be moisture in the lid or on the agar when doing a sensitivity test? Once we spread the culture on the plate, what should we do before adding the discs? keep dry, covered, and at room temperature for no more than 15 minutes How should the discs be stored when not using them? in the refrigerator What should we use to place discs on the agar for an antibiotic sensitivity test? dispenser or sterile forceps Should we compare zone sizes of different discs directly with each other? Why or why not? some drugs do not readily diffuse through the agar and therefore will give smaller zones of inhibition always compare to the standard What are the different combination plates for the bullseye urine plate? What are the 5 zones for the bullseye urine plate? 1 - EMB agar 2 - XLD agar 3 - citrate agar 4 - TSA blood agar center - mueller-hinton agar
This quintessential middle grade biography of Harriet Tubman, a selection of the Schomburg Center's Black Liberation Reading List. Harriet Tubman: Conductor on the Underground Railroad was praised by the New Yorker as “an evocative portrait,” and by the Chicago Tribune as “superb.” It is a gripping and accessible portrait of the heroic woman who guided more than 300 enslaved people to freedom. Harriet Tubman was born in slavery and dreamed of being free. She was willing to risk everything—including her own life—to see that dream come true. After her daring escape, Harriet became a conductor on the secret Underground Railroad, helping others make the dangerous journey to freedom. This award-winning introduction to the late abolitionist, which was named an ALA Notable Book and a New York Times Outstanding Book, also includes additional educational back matter such as a timeline, discussion questions, and extension activities.
An herb is any plant with leaves, seeds, or flowers that is valued for flavor, scent, medicinal, or other qualities other than its food value. Herbs are used in cooking, as medicines, and for spiritual purposes. Botanical simply means a substance is obtained from a plant and used as an additive. Botanical herbs, or herbaceous plants, by definition cannot be woody plants such as trees or shrubs. A herbaceous plant, or simply called a herb, is a plant that has leaves and stems that die down at the end of the growing season to the soil level. They have no persistent woody stem above ground, and a herbaceous plant may be annual, biennial or perennial. Annuals will geminate, grow and/or flower, and die in one season or year. A biennial plant takes two years to complete its lifecycle with the first year seeing the plant grow leaves, stems, and roots at which time it goes dormant over the cold months. Then in spring or summer, the stem elongates greatly, and the plant flowers, producing fruits and seeds before it finally dies. A perennial lives for more than two years, and are sturdy enough to live through winter. Plants contain phytochemicals that have effects on the body. Throughout history, from the Bible, Koran, Siddhar poems of Tamils, Vedas and other old texts, the medicinal benefits of herbs are quoted. Phytochemicals are chemical compounds that occur naturally in plants, such as beta-carotene. The term is generally used to refer to those chemicals that may affect health. They have been used as drugs for thousands of year. For example, Hippocrates (ancient Greek physician from several hundred years before Christ) may have prescribed a particular willow tree leaf to help reduce fever. Salicin was originally extracted from the bark of the white willow tree which was later synthetically produced to become the over-the-counter drug Aspirin. An important cancer drug called Taxol is a phytochemical initially extracted and purified from the Pacific yew tree. Phytochemicals as natural herbal remedies have been helping humans for thousands of years, and our modern technology is finding new uses and health benefits – from fighting cancer and disease, to their known preventative and regenerative qualities. Phytochemicals often are destroyed, or rendered less potent, in processed foods. Botanical supplements from reliable sources guarantee the full potency and benefits of natural herbal ingredients. Carefully blending all-natural herbs into a nutritional supplement can remedy specific problems or areas of health. For instance Burdock, Cayenne, and Nettle work together to remove toxins from the body and stimulate hair growth. Other herbs have nutritional value, such as Rosemary, Sage, Oat Straw, Sarsaparilla, Spirulina, and Kelp. Others help with digestion and assist our bodies to absorb vitamins and minerals. Though nutritional supplements can be very beneficial, supplements should not replace proper nutrition. Nutritional supplements are still supplements, they work by complementing a proper and well balanced diet. Herbal remedies and supplements help to overcome nutritional deficiencies, and help to make sure we have all the nutrients in the proper amounts for optimum health.
What are thyroid function tests? Thyroid function tests are common procedures done to determine how well the thyroid is functioning. Some of the most common thyroid function tests include the following: Blood tests. This test is done to measure the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the blood which helps determine thyroid function. High levels of the hormone indicate an underactive thyroid. In addition, a blood test can measure levels of hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), and less often, a protein called thyroglobulin. Ultrasound exam of the thyroid gland. An ultrasound scan is a diagnostic technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to create an image of the internal organs. It's done to detect signs of abnormal enlargement, or nodules, on the thyroid, and to guide biopsies of concerning nodules. Thyroid scans using radioactive iodine or technetium (another radioactive element). This test helps determine the cause of abnormal thyroid function. This may be important in deciding whether a person will need a total thyroidectomy or partial thyroidectomy.
THE QUEEN OF BREFFNY “Dervorgilla was a red-haired woman, and it was she put the great curse on Ireland, bringing in the English through MacMurrough, that she went to from O’Rourke. It was to Henry the Second MacMurrough went, and he sent Strongbow, and they stopped in Ireland ever since. But who knows but another race might be worse, such as the Spaniards that were scattered along the whole coast of Connacht at the time of the Armada. And the laws are good enough. I heard it said the English will be dug out of their graves one day for the sake of their law. As to Dervorgilla, she was not brought away by force, she went to MacMurrough herself. For there are men in the world that have a coaxing way, and sometimes women are weak.” KING HENRY VIII. “Henry the Eighth was crying and roaring and leaping out of the bed for three days and nights before his death. And he died cursing his children, and he that had eight millions when he came to the Throne, coining leather money at the end.” “Queen Elizabeth was awful. Beyond everything she was. When she came to the turn she dyed her hair red, and whatever man she had to do with, she sent him to the block in the morning, that he would be able to tell nothing. She had an awful temper. She would throw a knife from the table at the waiting ladies, and if anything vexed her she would maybe work upon the floor. A thousand dresses she left after her. Very superstitious she was. Sure after her death they found a card, the ace of hearts, nailed to her chair under the seat. She thought she would never die while she had it there. And she bought a bracelet from an old woman out in Wales that was over a hundred years. It was superstition made her do that, and they found it after her death tied about her neck.” “It was a town called Calais brought her to her death, and she lay chained on the floor three days and three nights. The Archbishop was trying to urge her to eat, but she said ’You would not ask me to do it if you knew the way I am,’ for nobody could see the chains. After her death they waked her for six days in Whitehall, and there were six ladies sitting beside the body every night. Three coffins were about it, the one nearest the body of lead, and then a wooden one, and a leaden one on the outside. And every night there came from them a great bellow. And the last night there came a bellow that broke the three coffins open, and tore the velvet, and there came out a stench that killed the most of the ladies and a million of the people of London with the plague. Queen Victoria was more honourable than that. It would be hard to beat Queen Elizabeth.”
1 Answer \| Add Yours Salinger employs an interesting and layered narrative structure in order to let us get to know Holden’s whole story. Holden narrates his own story directly to the reader – an example of first-person narrative. This way we always have direct access to his thoughts, feelings and motivations. The narrative structure, however, is quite complex. What we have overall is the seventeen year-old Holden, telling us the story of a particular crisis in his life when he was sixteen, which has led to him being committed to a psychiatric unit. It is the story of three days in which he dropped out of school and wandered around New York, hanging out in bars and nightclubs, and getting in various sorts of trouble, before finally breaking down altogether. These three days form a key period of his life, and are crucial to forming an understanding of his character and life experiences. We see all his problems coming to the fore, his issues with school, authority figures, girls, and his peers and society in general, as well as his memories of earlier and happier times, particularly with his family when his beloved younger brother Allie was still alive. The slightly older Holden relays all his thoughts and feelings and reminiscences from this eventful and fateful period, with the result that the reader ends up getting to know all the major points of Holden’s life. We’ve answered 331,007 questions. We can answer yours, too.Ask a question
The 2016 presidential election saw roughly the same percentage of youth voters as the 2012 election, but an increase in young voters who did not identify with either major party — something experts say reflects their views on American politics and poses a clear challenge for the major parties. “Youth voters are skeptical about the two major parties,” said Abby Kiesa, director of impact at the The Center for Information and Research on Civic Learning and Engagement. “Young people want drastic change, and they don’t think Republicans or Democrats will give them that.” Young people are increasingly leaving behind the two major parties. This year, 35 percent of youth voters said they identify as independents, which is almost the same as the 37 percent who identified with Democrats before the election. This is compared to 29 percent independents and 45 percent Democrat in 2008.
Christopher Columbus was a man of lively imagination. Had he been an ordinary, prosaic and plodding individual, he would have stayed at home combing wool as did his prosaic and plodding ancestors for several generations. At the age of fourteen he went to sea and soon developed an active curiosity about regions then unknown but believed to exist. There was even then some knowledge of western Asia, and even of China as approached from the west. Two and two being properly put together, the result was a reasonable argument that China and India could be reached from the other direction, that is, by going westward instead of eastward. While there is no point in Cuba's history that may be said to mark a definite division between the Old Cuba and the New Cuba, the beginning of the 19th Century may be taken for that purpose. Cuba's development dragged for two hundred and fifty years. The population increased slowly and industry lagged. For this, Spain's colonial policy was responsible. But it was the policy of the time, carried out more or less effectively by all nations having colonies. England wrote it particularly into her Navigation Acts of 1651, 1660, and 1663, and supported it by later Acts. While not rigorously enforced, and frequently evaded by the American colonists, the system at last proved so offensive that the colonists revolted in 1775. Most of Spain's colonies in the Western Hemisphere, for the same reason, declared and maintained their independence in the first quarter of the 19th Century. At the bottom of Cuba's several little uprisings, and at the bottom of its final revolt in 1895, lay the same cause of offence. In those earlier years, it was held that colonies existed solely for the benefit of the mother-country. In 1497, almost at the very beginning of Spain's colonial enterprises in the New World, a royal decree was issued under which the exclusive privilege to carry on trade with the colonies was granted to the port of Seville. This monopoly was transferred to the port of Cadiz in 1717, but it continued, in somewhat modified form in later years, until Spain had no colonies left.
Diabetes Treatment, Research & Cure Chappell, Kevin, Ebony IT'S the fifth deadliest disease in the United States, and it has no cure. In fact, diabetes has become so insidious--striking more people than ever, and at an earlier age than ever--that medical and nutrition experts say it has reached pandemic levels. Look at the numbers. Nearly 3 million--or 1 out every 10--African-Americans aged 20 and older have diabetes. Perhaps the hardest hit group is African-American women. One in 4 Black women over 55 years of age have the disease. Blacks are nearly twice as likely to have diabetes than the general population, and are twice as likely to develop some of the most life-threatening consequences of the disease. Then there's the cost. One of the most expensive diseases to treat, diabetes-related medical costs totaled $132 billion in 2002. But more than that, it was estimated that when disability, work loss and premature mortality are added in, diabetes cost America another $40 billion. In the end, 1 out of every 10 health care dollars is spent on diabetes. But there is hope. Cutting-edge research and earlier recognition of symptoms, combined with new combinations of medications and a team approach to tackling the disease, are helping people with diabetes live longer, and healthier lives. RISING RATE AMONG ADOLESCENCE Living longer and healthier is increasingly important because diabetes is striking at a much earlier age. Hard hit are today's youth, who are vulnerable because they, on average gain more weight and less physically active than past generations. With calories coming from and processed foods, less physical activity cause of computer games and TV, youngsters not only eat more, but also burn fewer calories. It all adds up to an increased possibility of developing diabetes at an earlier age. While genes have always played a role in type 2 diabetes, doctors say the combination of increased weight and decreased exercise promotes diabetes, particularly in African-American youths, that might otherwise have been kept in check. One of the most recognizable signs of a child with diabetes is thick, darkened skin around the neck or on other body parts that are frequently bent or rubbed. It's a condition called acanthosis nigricans. Scientists once believed acanthosis nigricans was associated with conditions such as polycystic ovarian syndrome, but recently they found that it is a marker for high levels of insulin. Health experts say you should also watch for signs of diabetes itself (for example, increased desire for liquids, increased urine output, unusual tiredness, or a quick but unexplained drop in weight). While there are no guarantees, an active lifestyle and healthful weight seems to be the most important factors in warding off diabetes in youths. THE SEARCH FOR A CURE While insulin was discovered in 1921, it's only now that scientists are really beginning to understand how it truly works. Research today focuses on understanding ways to prevent diabetes and to more effectively treat complications. Scientists are using genetics to understand type 2 diabetes and obesity, particularly fat cells, to develop new therapeutic and prevention strategies. There is also interest in the research community in the growth of pancreatic beta cells and their potential clinical use for treatment of type 1 diabetes. With diabetes medication, studies are being conducted to determine why some people respond to certain diabetes drugs while others do not. There are also trials being conducted on new noninvasive blood glucose monitors. Meanwhile, molecular studies of fat cells and how insulin works, as well as studies of growth hormone replacement in adults, offer some promise. In addition, new video technology is allowing clinicians to watch blood flow in the eye during examination, allowing earlier diagnosis of even small changes. …
This remarkable gothic tower remains where once stood the church of Saint-Jacques-de-la-Boucherie, protecting the powerful and wealthy butchers’ corporation from the 16th to the late 18th century. The church itself played an important role in housing pilgrims on their way to Santiago de Compostela in Spain. During the French revolution, it was demolished and used as building material while the tower remained. In 1824, it was bought by an industrialist to set up a lead bullet factory: the height of the tower, slightly more than 50 meters, was precisely what was needed for drops of melted lead to cool down and form shots! Today, the Tour Saint Jacques remains a prominent landmark in the 4th quarter and stands in the first city park of Paris (1856) where it is very enjoyable to enjoy a picnic in the sun. Marcella & Claire - Check out this interactive map for the specific details to help you plan your trip and more articles and photos (zoom out) about the area!!
Throughout the ages there have always been artifacts of a woman's hand testifying to the culture and history of their lives. The American Quilt has become synonymous with the Pioneer spirit first begun by women who came across the Atlantic. The Quilt is an older item of the middle ages when women sewed cloth together for warmth and strength. The American women needed more than that for their homes after leaving behind a world they knew for a world of the unknown. Thus, the Historical Quilts begun with the Puritans through the Pioneers are available to be viewed and reflected upon for their beauty and quality of life. The Amish are still famous for their simplicity of design and the Underground Railroad has now become well known for the symbols of the quilts displayed along the way to freedom. View the quilts with the wonder of those seeking a new world and consider buying the book which explains the historical value of the women who sewed for American. On view at the Crocker museum May 25 - September 1, 2014. The museum is located at 216 O street in down town Sacramento.
Stories Below come from our Media Partner 3BL Media - Click their logo or any of the stories for more information Toy Safety – An Overview Updated January 2011 Public anger, expressed in part by the widespread rebuke of elected officials, rising economic pressure on the middle and moderate income family, and the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008 have all helped to bring about change… slow change…but change never the less in the toy industry, both in the United States and in other lands. Since the screaming and scary headlines of 2007 and 2008, there have been regulatory and legislative steps taken to assure the safety of toys. Legislation adopted by the US Congress -- while burdensome to some businesses -- set the tone for child toy safety in this country. Also, actions by the government of China, along with those in other Asian nations (the region being the source of the majority of toys sold in America), cracked down on many of the abuses that have led to dangerous and toxic toys being shipped to the USA and other countries. The situation is not fully corrected, but certainly has improved. According to a recent study (October, 2010), “Just over half of American adults are concerned about the safety of toys being sold this holiday season despite the fact that most have yet to buy a toy recalled for safety reasons.” These results reflect consumer awareness and the concerns of the buying public. Perhaps, this is the best safeguard of all to ensuring safety in the market place. The issues -- lead in toys, cadmium in child’s jewelry and renewed focus on the possible dangers of Bisphenol A plastics still show that more has to be done. A University of Massachusetts study released in 2010 stated that in the past three years, “…17 million toys have been recalled in the U.S. over high lead levels.” The report highlighted the need to prevent these toxic toys from ever being manufactured. For all of these reasons and to further protect our infants and children – Hot Topic Toy Safety will continue to focus attention on this continuing serious problem. Updated January 2008 Over the past five years the number of products manufactured in China and then recalled within the United States by the [federal] Consumer Product Safety Commission has doubled. In 2006, there were 467 recalls of products imported to the US. In 2000, Chinese manufactured products were responsible for 36 percent of all product recalls in the US – and this number has increased to 60 percent of all recalls. This dramatic increase can be attributable mostly to an increase in toy recalls -- with China manufacturing 70-80 percent of all toys sold in the US, according to the Toy Industry Association. According to the Toy Industry Association (TIA), the agency has provided toymakers with voluntary safety standard for all toys. The Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) also regulates toys through its own force of inspectors to monitor the marketplace for both domestic- produced and foreign-made toys. The toy industry -- along with other businesses -- has moved so much American manufacturing to China in order to cut costs, that the industry players are now exposed to growing problems despite regulations, laws and voluntary industry efforts to contain the issues. Public-health experts say Chinese manufacturers repeatedly revert to lead paint regardless of the rules or oversight because it is cheap and readily available, and cutting corners helps factories meet relentless customer (marketers) and retailer and consumer pressures to contain costs. Such violations easily slip through because of regulatory gaps in both nations. The Chinese government has tried to reassure consumers about the safety of its products. Chinese Minister of Commerce Bo Xilai stated in summer 2007 – as the holiday buying season moved front-of-mind in the US -- that more than 99 percent of Chinese exports are safe and of good quality. But, it is that 1 percent that is drawing the attention of American parents. They are seeking answers…they want someone to be accountable and tell them which toys are safe for their children and grandchildren. U.S. law is pretty clear. The importer is responsible for quality and safety of goods imported into the country," said Erin Ennis, vice president with the U.S.-China Business Council. "But the Chinese can absolutely do more to prevent safety issues." (One consequence of this issue: more Plaintiff Bar lawsuits against US companies.) U.S. retailers and toy makers, including Mattel, have attempted to devise processes to prevent products with lead contamination and other problems from reaching shelves. But the company systems vary, and these efforts haven't kept problem toys from slipping through the process. Sometimes, toys that have passed inspection more than once are later found to contain excessive levels of lead paint. This is a sign that Chinese companies may have been able to deceive the safety inspections. Combined with the recent scares in the United States of Chinese-made pet food (2007) and globally of Chinese-made pharmaceuticals and toothpaste, the string of toy recalls is inspiring new demands for stepped-up enforcement of safety by United States regulators and importers, as well as by the government and industry forces in China. Consumers, advocates, media, and the public sector -- all are seeking stepped-up enforcement of safety by United States regulators and importers, as well as by the government and industry in China. As the 2007 Christmas season moved into high gear for consumers and retailers, toy safety became a very hot topic -- Accountability- Central Editors focus on news, commentary, reliable data and information, and research, to help all players better understand the issue; seek solutions; ascertain who is responsible; propose solutions; make intelligent buying decisions; and lobby for changes to protect the safety of our children. We’re interested in your news, views and commentary on these critical issues. Section Created November 2007 by the Editors Latest on Toy Safety Imports August 7, 2012 More Paperwork for Toy ManufacturersSource: Publishers Weekly It is hard to believe but there is a new regulation out there that demands even stricter product documentation than the CPSIA (Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act) for children's products. Say hello to the 2009/48/EC Toy... August 3, 2012 ABC recalls toy owl on safety fearsSource: 9News.com.au A toy owl that sings an electronic lullaby to children has been pulled off store shelves over safety fears. The Lullaby Hoot Interactive Plush Toy - an owl that sings when squeezed - has been recalled on safety concerns, the... August 2, 2012 Why So Many Fewer Toys are Recalled for Toxic LeadSource: Daily Green From 2008 to 2011, more than 160 separate toy recalls were announced because of toxic lead or cadmium levels that violated standards for safety. Both chemicals can interrupt normal brain development, causing permanent damage to... August 1, 2012 Product recall: child carriers, mini toy carsSource: Washington Post Kenta and Kenta Plus child carriers imported by Liberty Mountain of Salt Lake City, Utah, and manufactured by VAUDE Sport GmbH & Company KG of Germany; sold at outdoor camping and climbing stores nationwide from January 2010... July 30, 2012 U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission Sues Maxfield & Oberton Over Hazardous Buckyballs® and Buckycube™ Desk ToysSource: Clarksville.com Washington, D.C. – In an effort to prevent children from suffering further harm, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) staff filed an administrative complaint against Maxfield & Oberton Holdings LLC, of New York, NY,... July 26, 2012 CPSC bans sale of Buckyballs magnetic toys, cites hazardSource: Reuters The Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) ordered a halt to sale of Buckyballs magnetic toys on Wednesday, calling them a serious hazard in the panel's first stop-sale order in 11 years. July 25, 2012 Chick-Fil-A Recalling Jim Henson Kids' Meal Toys As Partnership Severed Over Anti-Gay DonationsSource: Huff Post Last week, the Jim Henson Company announced it would no longer partner with Chick-fil-A in the wake of the fast food company's acknowledged support of anti-gay organizations. Now, however, Chick-fil-A officials are reportedly... July 24, 2012 Port Surveillance News: CPSC Takes Safety to the Front Lines, Prevents More Than 360,000 Violative Units from Reaching Consumers in 2nd Quarter of Fiscal Year 2012Source: MarketWatch CPSC port investigators, working with U.S. Customs and Border Protection agents, successfully identified 319 different consumer products that were in violation of U.S. safety rules or found to be hazardous, between January 1 and... July 23, 2012 Recall of children’s beach chairs announced todaySource: Examiner.com Chicagoland parents, do you have beach chairs for your kids? If so, a recall announced today might apply to you. The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), in conjunction with Downeast Concepts Inc. (doing business as... July 19, 2012 Toddler trampolines recalled for fall hazardSource: Examiner The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), in conjunction with Panline USA Inc., announced today a voluntary recall of the Alex Model 786X Little Jumpers Trampoline. 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Assessors, in ecclesiastical law, are learned persons whose function is to counsel a judge with whom they are associated in the trial of causes. They are called assessors because they sit beside (Lat. assidere) the judge. Assessors are required to examine documents, consult precedents, and in general explore the laws for points bearing on the cause at issue. A judge who is either overburdened with business or conscious of his inexperience in law cases may voluntarily associate assessors with himself, or they may be assigned to him by superior authority. Assessors are expected to be men beyond suspicion of partiality, whose learning is conceded. In case of an appeal against the judge’s actions or rulings, they are to be unexceptionable witnesses. As assessors are advisers of the judge, and not judges themselves they are not endowed with any jurisdiction. Neither do they bear a public character, but are present at trials in a private capacity. They may, however, take part in the examination of the accused or of witnesses. Owing to their nonjudicial character, laymen may be employed as Assessors in spiritual and ecclesiastical matters, though by the canons of the Church they would be incompetent as judges, even if a cleric were joined with them in a judicial capacity. As an Assessor is commonly looked upon as restraining in some manner the dignity, if not the jurisdiction, of the judge, the Sacred Congregations have declared that a cathedral chapter cannot impose an assessor on the Vicar-Capitular sede vacante. WILLIAM H. W. FANNING
Delegates to Indiana’s constitutional convention worked under this tree in 1816. It later succumbed to Dutch elm disease. Unless you have a weakened immune system or a stubborn case of athlete’s foot, it’s unlikely you spend much time worrying about fungi. And you shouldn’t—fungal diseases are not generally a big problem for a healthy person; common ones like athlete’s foot are annoying but not serious. In terms of infections, it’s bacteria, parasites, and viruses that kill us. But the rest of nature tells a different story. According to a recent review of fungal diseases in Nature, fungi are responsible for 72% of the local extinctions of animals and 64% among plants. White nose syndrome in bats and Dutch elm disease are two high-profile examples of extremely deadly fungal diseases gaining wider ranges through global trade. While each fungus itself is unique, many fungal pathogens share several special abilities that make them especially lethal. Unlike viruses and most bacteria, fungi can survive—and survive for years—in dry or frigid environments outside of hosts. All they need to do is make spores: small, hardy reproductive structures containing all the necessary DNA to grow a new fungus. As spores, fungi can tough out adverse conditions and drift thousands of miles in the wind to find more livable settings. Aspergillus sydowii, for example, hitches a ride in dust storms from Africa to the Caribbean, where it infects coral reefs. They’re also ubiquitous in the air; there are one to ten spores in every breath you take. Wheat stem rust, a common fungus that causes $60 billion of crop damage a year, produces up to 1011 spores per hectare, and they can travel 10,000 kilometers through the atmosphere to find new hosts. That’s only taking into account one of its five spore forms, which are produced at different times in its life cycle. For plants in general, fungi are the number one infectious threat, far above bacteria or viruses. Many fungi are also generalists that use a scorched-earth strategy to parasitize a wide range of hosts. To invade host cells, viruses need to sneak their way in by fitting into specific proteins like a key in a lock. Because viruses need to have this precision, it’s hard for them to jump from one species to another one with a different set of proteins, and it’s a big deal when it does happen. Fungi, on the hand, don’t need to enter cells; like the mold that eats your bread, it squirts its digestives juices and rots everything in sight. While viruses nimbly pick your locks, fungi are like a bomb that will blow up your door—or anyone else’s. Being generalists has another added bonus for fungal pathogens: They can completely wipe out a main host while living in other species as backup. For bacteria or viruses, killing an entire species is usually a bad bet for survival; get rid of your host and you’ve got nowhere to go yourself. In contrast, the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, which eats away at the skin of amphibians, is able to infect 508 different organisms, killing 100% of some species but lurking in others without doing much harm. The unaffected species act as reservoirs that can harbor and even spread B. dendrobatidis as it “looks” for other hosts. A little brown bat with white nose fungus on its muzzle. Some fungi can also lie in wait in the environment, not as spores but as living fungi that feed on decaying matter. For example, the fungus that causes white nose syndrome, Geomyces destructans, has been recovered in the soil in bat caves, and scientists think that it lurks in caves during the summer, surviving off of nutrients in the dirt and bat guano (droppings). The fungus can only infect hibernating bats, so it must live outside of its host for the majority of the year. Come winter, bats go into hibernation and the infection cycle starts again. G. destructans, too, is extremely deadly, killing 90% of the animals it infects or an estimated 6 million bats [pdf] since it first appeared in North America in 2006. The fungus wakes bats up during their hibernation, which makes them burn out their fat reserves too quickly and starve to death. That G. destructans can only infect bats during hibernation is a clue to the key reason we don’t have much to fear from fungal infections. During hibernation, the normally warm-blooded bats drop their body temperatures significantly to save energy—and that’s when G. destructans attacks. Fungi in general just don’t like high temperatures. A 2009 analysis of 4,802 fungal strains [pdf] found that the number of surviving strains drops off rapidly as incubation temperature increased from 30° to 40° Celsius. The researchers suggest that fighting off fungus may be one reason why our body temperature is fastened at 37° C. Microbiologist and immunologist Arturo Casadevall has even speculated that the anti-fungal protection of warm bodies may have been one of our ancestors’ advantages over the dinosaurs. In the aftermath of the massive plant die-off of the K-T extinction 65 million years ago, fungi likely thrived on plentiful rotting vegetation. As they proliferated, fungal diseases could have contributed to the selection pressure that killed off cold-blooded dinosaurs, opening the door for the ascent of warm-blooded mammals. Casadevall’s theory is speculative at this point, but the high virulence, adaptability, and transmissibility of modern fungi show why fending off fungal disease could have been quite advantageous for our fuzzy ancestors. So it seems we have warm-bloodedness to thank for protecting us from most pathogenic fungi, with a few exceptions. That doesn’t mean, however, we can just forget about the threat of fungi. Their ability to survive outside of hosts—whether in soil or other species or as spores—mean that it’s exceptionally skilled at getting to new places. Dispersal becomes an even bigger concern in an interconnected world where a single contaminated shoe can make its may around the globe in a day. Warm-bloodedness isn’t going to protect wheat crops or bats on the verge of extinction. That’s up to us.
Review Article \| Open Access Elisabeth Nilsson, Eric Bonte, François Bayet, Jean-Jacques Lasfargues, "Management of Internal Root Resorption on Permanent Teeth", International Journal of Dentistry, vol. 2013, Article ID 929486, 7 pages, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/929486 Management of Internal Root Resorption on Permanent Teeth Internal root resorption (IRR) is a particular category of pulp disease characterized by the loss of dentine as a result of the action of clastic cells stimulated by pulpal inflammation. This review article explains the etiology, the prevalence of IRR, and, in addition to the clinical data, the contribution of the three-dimensional imaging (CBCT) to the diagnosis, the clinical decision, and the therapeutic management of IRR. The authors discussed the various therapeutic options including the orthograde or retrograde fillings of the root canal resorption area. Root canal treatment remains the treatment of choice of internal root resorption as it removes the granulation tissue and blood supply of the clastic cells. The authors describe with different clinical cases the modern endodontic techniques including optical aids, ultrasonic improvement of chemical debridement, and the use of alternative materials such as calcium silicate combined with thermoplastic filling (warm gutta-percha). In these conditions, the prognosis of the conservative treatment of internal resorptions, even if root walls are perforated, is good. Resorption is a condition associated with either a physiologic or a pathologic process resulting in a loss of dentin, cementum, and/or bone . Root resorption may occur after various injuries, including mechanical, chemical, or thermal injury. Generally, it can be classified as internal or external root resorption. This review concerns only the internal root resorption (IRR) on permanent tooth, focusing on therapeutic options depending on the diagnosis. Internal resorption is an inflammatory process initiated within the pulp space with loss of dentin and possible invasion of the cementum . Resorption phenomena have been described for many years . Most of the articles on this subject focuses on external root resorptions , while the internal resorptions also represent a challenge for the practitioner . The diagnosis of these lesions is difficult to establish and the conventional X-ray is often inadequate. Internal root radiolucencies are not detectable on radiographs at their early stages, when they are small, or because of limitations of this 2-dimensional method. Cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) is a more powerful tool which allows an earlier and more accurate diagnosis of these lesions . At the same time, new materials are offered to induce a remineralization and healing . The contribution of these new ways of imaging and these new materials allow an extension of the boundaries for the conservation of teeth . 2. Pathogenesis and Histology Internal root resorption (IRR) is a pathologic phenomenon characterized by the loss of dentine as a result of clastic cells action. It occurs in conditions of pulpal inflammation: the blood supply brings the clastic cells in the pulp chamber. Odontoclasts (tooth resorbing cells) are morphologically analogous to osteoclasts and have similar enzymatic properties and resorption patterns. However, odontoclasts are smaller in size and form smaller resorption lacunae than osteoclasts . It is unknown whether osteoclasts and tooth-resorbing cells (dentinoclasts, odontoclasts, and cementoclasts) are the same cell, but a number of similarities do exist. Odontoclasts have a ruffled border, contain fewer nuclei than osteoclasts, and have smaller or no clear zone. Both cells have intense tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity. The majority of odontoclasts that form lacunae on dentin are multinucleated, having 10 or fewer nuclei. Oligonuclear odontoclasts (cells with fewer than five nuclei) resorb more dentin per nucleus than do cells with a higher number of nuclei . Two types of internal root resorption are generally described: the internal root canal inflammatory resorption and the internal root canal replacement resorption.(i)In the inflammatory resorption, the resorptive process of the intraradicular dentin progresses without adjunctive deposition of hard tissues adjacent to the resorptive sites. The phenomenon is associated with the presence of granulation tissues in the resorbed area and identifiable with routine radiographs as a radio clear zone centered on the root canal.(ii)In the replacement resorption, the resorptive activity cause defects in the dentin adjacent to the root canal, with concomitant deposition of bone like tissue in some regions of the defect. It results in an irregular enlargement of the pulp space with partially or fully obliterated area of the pulp chamber. The root resorption requires two phases: injury and stimulation. Injury is related to the nonmineralized tissues covering the internal surface of the root canal, the predentin and the odontoblasts layer. Infection is the main stimulation factor in IRR. Teeth are not symptomatic in the early stage of resorption. The origin of the resorbing cells is pulpal, coming from the apical vital part of the pulp . Etiology of IRR is quite unclear. Various etiologic factors have been proposed for the loss of predentin, and trauma seems to be the most advocated. In a study including 27 patients, trauma is the most common etiological factor (43%), followed by carious lesions (25%) . Persistent infection of the pulp by bacteria causes the colonization of the walls of the pulp chamber by macrophage-like cells. The attachment and spreading of such cells is the primary prerequisite for initiation of root resorption . It can be concluded that trauma and pulpal inflammation/infection are the major contributory factors in the initiation of internal resorption, although the complete etiologic factors as well as the pathogenesis have not yet been completely elucidated . Internal root resorption is considered rare, but the frequency of internal resorption is not well known. Depending on the accuracy of the means evaluating the pathology, results may strongly vary. Histological studies showed a higher frequency of IRR than by a simple observation of the X-rays. The occurrence of internal resorption has been estimated to be between 0.01% and 55%, depending on the inflammatory status of the pulp . A more recent histological study concluded that internal resorption was frequently detected in teeth affected by pulpitis and pulp necrosis. The lesions are not likely to be detected by conventional clinical or radiographic methods because of their small size. The development of complete pulp necrosis stops the growth of the resorption. The frequency of such lesions (concavities) offers one more reason to irrigate canals thoroughly with sodium hypochlorite during treatment . 5. Clinical and Radiographic Diagnosis (Figure 1) Internal resorption is usually asymptomatic and often recognized clinically through routine full mouth radiographs. Pain may occur depending on the pulpal condition or perforation of the root resulting in a periodontal lesion . However, clinical signs may vary according to the location of the IRR and its wideness. If the internal resorption is located in the coronal part of the canal, a clinical aspect of “pink spot” can be observed. The pink color is related to the highly vascularized connective tissue adjacent to the resorbing cells. This color turns grey/dark grey when the pulp becomes necrotic . The response to vitality tests, thermal and electrical, is positive until the lesion grows significantly in size resulting in a perforation. The inflamed connective tissue filling the IRR defects degenerates, undergoes necrosis, and triggers an apical periodontitis. The tooth may then become symptomatic and periradicular abscesses may occur. Perforation of the root is usually followed by the development of a sinus tract, which confirms the presence of an infection of the root canal, mostly by Gram-negative, strict anaerobes species . The development of complete pulp necrosis stops the growth of the resorption because the resorbing cells are cut off from the blood supply and nutriments if the pulp chamber is sealed. Intraoral X-ray of IRR is characterized by the radiographic appearance of an oval shape enlargement within the pulp chamber or the root canal. However the early diagnosis of the IRR is difficult by examination of a conventional X-ray. If IRR is suspected, several shots under different angles of incidence are recommended. But an accurate diagnosis is essential for an appropriate treatment plan to be devised. CBCT has been successfully used to evaluate the true nature and severity of resorption lesions in isolated case reports indicating that the clinician could more confidently diagnose and manage the defect. ROC Az values of a study comparing the accuracy of diagnosis of intraoral radiographs and the CBCT, respectively, amounted to 0.78 and 1.00, indicating the superior accuracy of CBCT . The use of CBCT provides a 3-dimensional appreciation of the resorption lesion with axial, coronal, parasagittal views of the anatomy. In the serial of cross-sectional views, the size and the location of the resorption are clearly determined with high sensitivity and an excellent specificity. CBCT has a high accuracy in detecting root lesions at the earliest stages . Sometimes, the resorption area is filled with a deposition of metaplastic hard tissue that looks like bone or cementum. This replacement resorption material has an aspect of enlargement of the pulp chamber with a fuzzy appearance of the canal space. CBCT gives information about the following:(i)location, size, and shape of the lesion,(ii)presence of root perforations,(iii)root wall thickness,(iv)presence of an apical bone lesion,(v)localization of anatomical structures: maxillary sinus, mental foramen, and inferior alveolar nerve. All these criteria corroborate the differential diagnosis with external root resorption and allow the prognosis assessment of the tooth, if the lesion is amendable to treatment. 6. Therapeutic Decision The decision-making must take in to consideration several criteria:(i)patient’s age,(ii)tooth location,(iii)shape of the clinical crown, (iv)occlusion,(v)resorption location, (vi)resorption wideness,(vii)presence or not of root perforations and their wideness,(viii)resistance/weakness of the remaining root hard tissue,(ix)periodontal status,(x)ability to realize a restorative treatment on the concerned tooth. From the information collected by clinical examination and CBCT, several options may be considered:(1)therapeutic abstention and monitoring, in absence of infectious signs and symptoms,(2)orthograde root canal treatment, with three options depending on the absence or presence of perforation of the radicular wall: complete root canal filling with gutta percha on nonperforated lesions; combined gutta percha in the root canal and MTA fillings for the perforation area; complete filling with a bioactive material (MTA or Biodentine) on apical perforated lesions located in a short root length,(3)retrograde apical treatment,(4)extraction and replacement by implants: the nonconservative treatment is indicated if the tooth is too weakened to be treated or restored. 7. Conservative Dental Treatments of Resorbed Teeth Root canal treatment remains the treatment of choice of internal root resorption as it removes the granulation tissue and blood supply of the clastic cells. Internal root resorption presents specific difficulties in instrumentation and filling. The access cavity preparation must be as conservative as possible to preserve tooth structure and avoid further weakening of the already compromised tooth. A brisk bleeding might impair visibility in teeth with active resorbing lesions until the apical pulp tissue has been cut off and removed. The shape of the resorption defect usually makes it inaccessible to direct mechanical instrumentation . The workinglength determination with an apex locator is not possible in case of resorptive perforation. A great emphasis must be placed on the chemical dissolution of the vital and necrotic pulp tissue with sodium hypochlorite. The use of ultrasonic devices activates and facilitates the penetration of the irrigation solution of hypochlorite to all the areas of the root canal system . The nontraumatic plastic tips of EndoActivator are particularly indicated to achieve a complete chemomechanical debridement of the root canal. The use of calcium hydroxide as an interappointment dressing maximizes the effect of disinfection procedures, helps to control the bleeding, and necrotizes residual pulp tissue. About the root canal filling, the material needs to be flowable to seal the resorptive defect. Thermoplastic gutta-percha techniques seem to give the best results when the canal walls are respected. When the root wall has been perforated, MTA is the material of choice to seal the perforation as it is biocompatible, bioactive, and well tolerated by periradicular tissues . The working time can be modulated by the adjunction of water if the material starts to harden during its use. 8. Complete Root Canal Filling with Warm Gutta Percha (Figure 2) This option is for IRR with no perforation of the canal walls which is the most favorable situation in long-term prognosis. The treatment is performed in two sessions. First session is as following:(i)anesthesia, rubber dam, and access cavity,(ii)determination of the root canal length with manual instruments,(iii)shaping of the canal,(iv)disinfection of the canal and resorption lacuna with sodium hypochlorite, (v)activation of the solution with ultrasonic tips,(vi)drying of the canal with sterile paper tips,(vii)filling the canal and lacuna with calcium hydroxide as an interappointment dressing to complete the disinfection of the canal space,(viii)temporary sealing of the access cavity with glass ionomer cement (GIC). Second session is as following:(i)anesthesia, rubber dam, and reopening of the access cavity,(ii)removal of the canal calcium hydroxide by a large irrigation of ClONa activated with sonic tips,(iii)assessment of the root length—fitting of the guttapercha master cone,(iv)radiographic control to assess the good fit of the master gutta percha cone,(v)final irrigation,(vi)drying of the root canal with sterile paper tips,(vii)obturation of the apical third of the root with warm gutta percha,(viii)gutta percha thermocompaction in the resorption lacunae to completely fill the wide canal space [20, 21], (ix)radiographic control,(x)waterproof closing of the access cavity with a GIC. This option is indicated in presence of a perforation of the canal walls giving a communication between the root canal system and the periapical tissue. In this clinical situation, the smaller the perforation size, the more predictable the prognosis of the tooth. The treatment is performed in two sessions. First session is as following:(i)anesthesia, rubber dam placement, and access cavity,(ii)brisk bleeding which confirms the activity of the resorptive lesion,(iii)intracanal dressing with calcium hydroxide in order to dissolve necrotic soft tissue and to control the bleeding,(iv)sealing of the access cavity with a GIC. Second session is as following:(i)anesthesia, rubber dam placement, and access cavity,(ii)chemical debridement with sodium hypochlorite solution in the canal and the resorption lacuna,(iii)activation of the irrigant with ultrasonic tips,(iv)evaluation of the canal length calculated from CBCT slides and radiographic control with a gutta percha master cone,(v)canal drying with upside down sterile paper tips,(vi)obturation of the open apex and resorption lacuna with MTA under visual control with an operative microscope,(vii)radiographic control of the obturation,(viii)placement of a water-moistened cotton pellet directly over the material,(ix)provisional sealing of the access cavity with a GIC. Considering the location of the resorption and the short length of the root, the canal can be completely filled with MTA (Figure 3). In other case, the healthy part of the canal will be filled with gutta percha (Figure 4). 10. Surgical Treatment of Internal Root Resorption (Figure 5) Surgical approach is needed when it is not possible to get access to the lesion through the canal. Surgical treatment should always be performed in a second intention, after orthograde treatment (or retreatment) has been performed, the coronal part of the canal being filled. In these cases, because of the shape of the lesion, surgical approach allows to get direct access to the lesion and to perform a mechanical cleaning of the resorbed defect. The general guidelines of the endodontic surgery procedure must be respected . Following local anesthesia a mucoperiosteal flap is raised. The cortical bone plate is removed to provide access to the root area. The softtissue lesion is curetted and the intraradicular dentin cavity is prepared with the aid of an operative microscope, cleaned, and dried. The filling materials (like MTA or Biodentine) are placed and smoothed on its external surface. The surgical procedure is finished with meticulous cleaning of the wound area. The flap is repositioned and sutured (Figure 5). Internal inflammatory root resorption is a particular category of pulp disease, which can be diagnosed by clinical and radiographic examination of teeth in daily practice. Today, the diagnosis of internal root resorption is significantly improved by the three-dimensional imaging. Furthermore, the CBCT’s superior diagnosis accuracy resulted in an improved management of the resorptive defects and a better outcome of conservative therapy of teeth with internal resorption. Modern endodontic techniques including optical aids, ultrasonic improvement of chemical debridement, and thermoplastic filling techniques should be used during the root canal treatment of internally resorbed teeth. Alternative materials such as calcium silicate cements offer new opportunities for the rehabilitation of resorbed teeth. 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Thoden van Velzen, “Thermomechanical compaction of gutta-percha. II. A comparison with lateral condensation in curved root canals,” International Endodontic Journal, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 134–140, 1986. - G. E. Evans, K. Bishop, and T. Renton, “Update of guidelines for surgical endodontics—the position after ten years,” British Dental Journal, vol. 212, no. 10, pp. 497–498, 2012. Copyright © 2013 Elisabeth Nilsson et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Most of us know how terrible it feels to be in the throes of a breakup. Now scientists know what it looks like, too. Helen Fisher, an anthropologist at Rutgers University, and several neuroscience colleagues found some interesting correlations after scanning the brains of 10 women and five men who were still heartsick over losing a lover. The investigators positioned each jilted subject in a functional magnetic resonance imaging scanner. When they asked the volunteers to look at a photograph of their former lover and at a neutral picture, they found that the same areas at play in new love — for example, the nucleus accumbens that governs reward — were still active when the forlorn looked at their lost love. But new areas were also activated, including those that regulate obsessive-compulsive thoughts and anger, suggesting a torrent of mixed emotions.
Essaouira - Medina - UNESCO Heritage site Marrakech - City Tour Marrakech - Menera Gardens Marrakech - Jardin Majorelle Garden Marrakech - Bahia Palace Marrakech - Dar Si Said Museum highlights: Casablanca - Habbous District Casablanca - Mohammed V Square Casablanca - Anfa District Casablanca - Hassan II Mosque Rabat - UNESCO Heritage site Rabat - Royal Palace Rabat - Mohamed V Mausoleum Rabat - Oudaya Kasbar Marrakech Marrakech – City Tour Marrakech – Menera Gardens Marrakech – Saadian Tombs Marrakech – Bahia Palace Marrakech – Dar Si Said Museum Ait Benhaddou – Kasbah – UNESCO Heritage site Tamgroute Tazzarine Todra Gorge Morocco official name is Kingdom of Morocco. Capital city is Rabat. Morocco is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. Geographically, Morocco is characterized by rugged mountainous interior and large portions of desert. It is one of only three countries with Spain and France to have both Atlantic and Mediterranean coastlines. Morocco has a population of over 33.8 million. Morocco currency is Dirham. Morocco official language is Arabic; English, Spanish, and Berber Languages.Its political capital is Rabat, although the largest city is Casablanca. THE HISTORY OF MOROCCO A historically prominent regional power, Morocco has a history of independence not shared by its neighbors. Its distinct culture is a blend of Arab, indigenous Berber, Sub-Saharan African, and European influences. Morocco spans over twelve centuries since the establishment of the Moroccan state by the Idrisid dynasty, without taking classical antiquity into consideration. Archaeological evidence has shown that the area was inhabited by hominids at least 400,000 years ago. The recorded history of Morocco begins with the Phoenician colonization of the Moroccan coast between the 8th and 6th centuries BC, although the area was inhabited by indigenous Berbers for some two thousand years before that. In the 5th century BC, the city-state of Carthage extended its hegemony over the coastal areas. They remained there until the late 3rd century BC, while the hinterland was ruled by indigenous monarchs. Indigenous Berber monarchs ruled the territory from the 3rd century BC until 40 BC, when it was annexed to the Roman Empire. In the mid-5th century AD, it was overrun by Vandals, before being recovered by the Byzantine Empire in the 6th century. Since independence, about 40 years ago, Morocco has achieved to tackle many social problems, mainly in education and health fields. ın fact, French left behind a well-developed industrial sector, a reasonably well planned irrigation system and an efficient transportation network. But the sudden departure of the old colonial masters had left the country without an operational political system from which a modern government could be established. Also the lack of locally trained public officers have caused to a black period of mismanagement for the young country. The kingdom of morocco is a democratic and constitutional monarchy. The current monarch, King Hassan ıı, is a member of the alunite dynasty, which has been in power for the last 300 years. RELIGION OF MOROCCO Morocco religion is Islam (99%), Other 1% (includes Christian, Jewish, and Baha’i). THE WEATHER OF CLIMATE Morocco’s climate is very diverse, varying with the season and region. In general the country has a tropical climate, with temperatures reaching as high as 35°C (95°F) and as low as 5°C (41°F) in the Sahara. The coast has a warm, Mediterranean climate tempered on the eastern coast by southwest trade winds whilst inland areas have a hotter, drier, continental climate. In the south of the country, the weather is very hot and dry throughout most of the year, though temperatures can drop dramatically at night, especially in the months of December and January. Rain falls from November to March in coastal areas, and the country is mostly dry with high temperatures in summer and a cooler climate in the mountains. Marrakech and Agadir enjoy an average temperature of 21°C (70ºF) during the winter. Owing to the relatively high winter temperatures, and summers that are dry rather than unbearably humid, Morocco is an all year round destination. If you really want to avoid the heat, the best time to visit is during the shoulder seasons of April to May, and September to November. There are lots of major tourist destinations in Spain. There is a lot of historic monuments and scenic areas of tourist interest. For US citizens do not need visa for visiting Morocco for maximum 90 days. We would be more than happy to help you. We are 24/7 at your service to help you.
Vision problems affect one in 20 preschoolers and one in four school-age children. And since many vision problems begin at an early age, it’s very important that children receive proper eye care. Poor eyesight can also affect learning ability, athletic performance, and self-esteem. Untreated eye conditions can worsen and lead to more serious problems. For all of these reasons, the best way to protect your child’s vision is by having regular eye examinations. Your pediatrician has probably tested your child’s eyesight to determine your child's ability to focus, recognize colors, and perceive depth or dimension. If your pediatrician sees anything out of the ordinary, you’ll be advised to make an appointment with a licensed eye doctor who will perform a thorough evaluation of your child’s eyes. Regardless, children should have a comprehensive eye exam by a licensed eye doctor at six months, 3 years of age, before first grade and every two years thereafter or as recommended. The doctor will determine if your child needs vision correction and check for common eye disorders. Prepare for Your Child's Eye Appointment Prepare for the eye appointment with our checklist(17 KB, PDF) designed to gather needed information. Be sure to tell the eye doctor about any changes in eye health issues in your family, as many of these can be inherited. Your eye doctor will conduct some of the same tests as your pediatrician, but with some important additions: - Vision correction The eye doctor will use a few eye drops to help your child’s pupils dilate, creating a better window to the back of your child’s eyes. This dilation allows your doctor to check for Nearsightedness (myopia), Farsightedness (hyperopia) and Astigmatism. The drops take about 45 minutes to work, and will blur your child’s vision and cause a little light sensitivity for a few hours. Using a retinoscope, the doctor will move the light to see it reflected in the pupil. The shape of the reflection helps the doctor see if your child has any vision issues that require correction. - The interior and back of the eye After dilating your child's eyes and dimming the lights, the doctor will use a special instrument called an ophthalmoscope to see through to the retina and optic nerve at the back of the eye. This is where clues to many eye diseases first show up. - Tests for a specific issue Be sure to discuss any other concerns you have about your child’s eyes such as Crossed Eyes or nystagmus, so your doctor can do the appropriate tests and advise you on the action required.
SEARCH teams scouring the floor of the Indian Ocean for missing Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 have come across some wreckage — just considerably older than the airliner which disappeared in March 2014. Startlingly clear images of a previously uncharted wreck, most likely from the 19th century, emerged after underwater drones were dispatched to investigate the potential lead. Search vessel Fugro Equator’s deep tow system “detected a cluster of small sonar contacts” of potential interest near the so-called 7th arc before another Fugro ship was dispatched to take a closer look, resulting in the images, according to Australian authorities. An anchor, as well as parts of a destroyed hull, can clearly be seen in the photos. The wreck lies at a depth of 3,900 meters (12,795 ft). “We were cautious about this,” said Peter Foley, the Australian Transport Safety Bureau’s (ATSB) Director of the Operational Search for MH370. “There were characteristics of the contact that made it unlikely to be MH370, but there were also aspects that generated interest, multiple small bright reflections in a relatively small area of otherwise featureless seabed.” Western Australian Maritime Museum curator Michael McCarthy told Australia’s ABC network that there are “hundreds” of such ships that would have gone down in the oceans over the centuries, and that it was potentially difficult to identify the wreck. “The best we can do at the moment is a mid-to late 19th century wooden hull, iron sailing ship and of unknown origin but of European-style build,” he said. “There are hundreds of ships lost in our world’s oceans over time, through old age, cyclones, typhoons and one would expect this to occur.” The ATSB’s Foley says he is “disappointed” that the sonar data didn’t return more positive results directly relating to the search, but says the operation must continue. The Fugro teams have moved on from the location but will transmit their findings to marine archeologists in the hope of identifying the wreck. Australian officials have said previously that the search of the current priority zone where they believe Flight 370 went down is expected to be completed this month. If no trace is found in that 60,000-square-kilometer area, the search will be expanded to include a new zone of the same size, the governments of Malaysia, Australia and China announced last month. – CNN
Houston:Free will plays an important role when it comes to your true selves. According to a study, diminishing a person’s belief in free will may lead to them feeling less like their true selves, thereby driving them to depression. “Whether you agree that we have free will or that we are overpowered by social influence or other forms of determinism, the belief in free will has truly important consequences,” said Elizabeth Seto from Texas A&M University in the US. Researchers manipulated people’s beliefs in free will to see how this would affect the subjects’ sense of authenticity, their sense of self. Previous studies have shown that minimising belief in free will can increase cheating, aggression, and conformity and decrease feelings of gratitude, researchers said. Other research indicates that feeling alienated from one’s true self is associated with increased anxiety, depression and decision dissatisfaction. On the other hand, knowing one’s true self positively influences self-esteem and one’s sense of meaning in life, they said. To influence the feeling of free will, nearly 300 participants were randomly separated into groups and wrote about experiences that reflected free will or showed a lack of free will. They were then asked questions to evaluate their sense of self. Those in the low free will group showed significantly greater feelings of self-alienation and lower self-awareness than those in the high free will group, researchers said. In a follow-up study, a similarly sized group of participants experienced the same free will manipulation and were then presented a choice – keeping money for themselves or donating to a charity. After making their decision, researchers asked them how authentic they felt about their decision. The participants in low free will belief group reported less authenticity during the decision making task than their high freewill counterparts. “Our findings suggest that part of being who you are is experiencing a sense of agency and feeling like you are in control over the actions and outcomes in your life,” said Seto. “If people are able to experience these feelings, they can become closer to their true or core self,” she said. According to researchers, when we experience or have low belief in free will and feel ‘out of touch’ with who we are, we may behave without a sense of morality. The findings were published in the journal Social Psychological and Personality Science.
Thanks to the lovely film The Secret of Kells, large numbers of people who have never taken an art history class or studied paleography now know about The Book Of Kells. For those who haven’t seen the film, go now and watch it. The Book of Kells is a medieval manuscript created by monastics in the ninth century, and presently resides in Trinity College Library, in Dublin. It’s a beautifully illuminated version of the four Gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke and John) with the customary additions like the canon tables. The real point of the Book of Kells is not so much the text, as it is the art work, and the embellishments applied to the calligraphic text. The most famous of the pages in Kells is the one at the top of this post; F. 34R (click it for a larger version). The page in the Book of Kells known as F.34R is based on the verse from Matthew 1:18 that in English in the 1611 version begins “Now the birth of Jesus Christ was on this wise: When as his mother Mary was espoused to Joseph, before they came together, she was found with child of the Holy Ghost.” This passage is often referred to as the second beginning of Matthew. The Latin text, the one used most often in medieval manuscripts, begins “XPI autem generatio . . .” F. 34R is referred to as the Chi Rho page because it features the Greek letters Chi, Rho and Iota. The letters that look like XPI that form the primary page elements are respectively, the Chi, the Rho, and the Iota. These three letters are used as the abbreviated form of Christ’s name in Greek, and open that passage from Matthew in Latin. If you look closely at the image, you’ll see some of the “hidden” images that Kells is so famous for. There’s a cat with rats that seems to be playing with (or eating) a mass wafer. There are moths (symbols of rebirth and rejuvenation) and several winged figures. My favorite is the otter holding a fish (the otter is lying on his back; look for the fish he holds). If you look at the image of F. 34R, you can see the generatio at the bottom right. Here’s another example of a Chi-Rho page, to the right. This one is from the Book of Lindisfarne, produced in England sometime between c. 715 and 720. The Book of Lindisfarne is in the British library now. It’s the beginning of the same verse in Matthew as the Kells Chi-Rho page. You can still see the Chi and the Rho, very clearly. You can click the image for a larger view, or see the entire incredible manuscript in a digital facsimile here; it uses the Silverlight plugin form Microsoft. There’s a collection of high quality images here.
Anapids are minute to tiny orb-weaving spiders, body length to 2mm, related to Symphytognathidae and Micropholcommatidae, found in many parts of the world, especially in the southern hemisphere, in leaf litter, under the bark of trees, or on small shrubs. They recently absorbed the obscure family Holarchaeidae. They emerge at night to spin a horizontal orb-web. Australian anapids are found in eastern and south-western Australia. The cephalothorax is raised and squarish at the front, with 6 or 8 eyes, the front row strongly downcurved. Many species have an obvious shell like abdomen with a dorsal and ventral scute, or large hardened plate. They are almost always overlooked because of their small size and secretive behaviour. Chasmocephalon iluka Lamington National Park Maxanapis burra (Forster, 1959) From the Lamington National Park IBISCA project (Investigating the Biodiversity of Soil and Canopy Arthropods)
People all over the country celebrate Durga Puja with full of enthusiasm and it has even expanded beyond its religious atmosphere. Methods of celebration and rituals vary from state to state because of difference in culture in different parts of the country. But, the past tradition and practice are followed everywhere combining with historical beliefs. In Maharashtra, Durga Puja is an occasion for entertainment. During the nine day festival, puja is performed every day without removing the flower garlands that is put on the deities each day. All garlands are removed together after nine days. Young girls are invited to play games, dance and sing. There is a game in which they draw an elephant using rangoli and the girls play guessing games. After that, meals of their choice are served. In West Bengal, Durga Puja celebration lasts for five days. It starts from the Mahalaya day, one week before the commencement of actual celebrations. It is believed that on Mahalaya day, Durga was given the task of abolishing evil and that is why the familiar posture of the Goddess releasing her fury on the defeated demon. As per legend, Ram sought the blessings of Durga during his war with Ravan. He performed puja to the Goddess at an unusual time which was not the customary time for worship. Hence Durga Puja is also known as ‘Akaal Bodhon’, which means ‘untimely invocation’. In Punjab people strictly follow the customs and traditions of Durga Puja. They worship Goddess Durga and perform the aarti at home. Fruits or a full meal is taken once a day. Some people take only milk for seven days before they break the fast on ashtami or navami. Drugs, alcohol and non-vegetarian food are completely avoided. When the fast is finished, the devotees feed beggars and also worship little girls having the magic charm of Mother Goddess. In Gujarat, Navratri is dedicated to Amba mataji. Images of mataji are worshipped in some homes as per the accepted traditional practice. Temples will be flooded with devotees from morning till night. The major attraction is the performance of Garba or dandia-ras, the popular folk-dance of Gujarat, which is performed throughout the nights on these nine days in streets and open grounds. In Kerala, Durga Puja is an auspicious time for the beginning of formal education for children of 3-5 years age. Puja celebrations in the temples continue for all ten days, of which the last three days are most important. On Ashtami, Ayudha Puja is performed, when all tools are worshipped. It is a traditional custom not to use any tools on this day. On Navami day, books are kept for puja and Goddess Saraswati is worshipped. In the Kottayam district of Kerala, thousands of devotees come to the Saraswati temple during this period to have a dip in a holy pond whose source remains a mystery. Heavy rush of devotees are seen at the famous temple at Thekkegram in Palghat district, where there are huge mirrors instead of deities. Here a devotee bows before his own reflection, which reminds us that God is within everyone and not separate from us. Though Hindus belong to a minority community in Jammu and Kashmir, they celebrate the puja festival with full spirit. However, nowadays the situations are not favourable for celebration. Lord Shiva and Serawali Ma Durga, the one who rides the tiger, are their favorite deities. Both Hindus and Muslims accept the importance of Navratri festival. Normally the Hindus perform the puja at their home. Adult members of the family observe fast on water, and fruits are consumed in the evenings. During the puja days, the people grow barley in earthen pots with a belief that if there is a good growth in the pot, it will bring them prosperity throughout the year. It is a very important ritual for the Kashmiri Pandits to visit the temple of guardian goddess Kheer Bhawani every day on this nine-day period. On the ninth day of Navratri, they perform an aarti at the temple and after that people break their fast. Ravana’s effigy is burnt on Dussehra day and the devotees also visit the Hari Parbat temple.
\|Description: A map showing North Dakota's cities and railway routes in 1919. Place Names: Bismarck, Fargo, Casselton, Grafton, Grand Forks, Jamestown, Pembina, Valley City ISO Topic Categories: boundaries, inlandWaters, location, transportation Keywords: North Dakota, physical, political, transportation, physical features, major political subdivisions, railroads, boundaries, inlandWaters, location, transportation, Unknown, Source: Charles Morris, Winston's Cumulative Encyclopedia Vol 7 (Philadelphia, PA: The John C. Winston Company, 1919) 17 Map Credit: Courtesy The Private Collection of Roy Winkelman
Operation Sea Lion was Hitler's favorite war plan, the invasion of Britain across the English Channel. On July 16, 1940, Hitler ordered the preparation of a plan for the invasion of Great Britain. An amphibious invasion would only be possible if Germany could establish control of the air in the battle zone, due to Britain's large navy. To this end, the head of the Luftwaffe, Hermann Göring, on August 2 issued the "Eagle Day" directive, laying down a plan of attack in which a few massive blows from the air were to destroy British air power and so open the way for the amphibious invasion, termed Operation Sea Lion. Victory in the air battle for the Luftwaffe would indeed have exposed Great Britain to invasion and occupation. The plan indicated the German beachhead to be located around Dover, where the panzers would lead the charge into London. The hypothetical German D-Day was very similar in tactics to the Allied D-Day in 1944. Once London was captured, the Germans expected British resistance to crumble. In reality, that assumption was open to serious debate, given the tenacity of the British during the Battle of Britain and the morale of the nation embodied by Winston Churchill. Thankfully, this operation was never executed because the RAF successfully fended off the Luftwaffe in the Battle of Britain, which discouraged Hitler from invading Britain and turned his attention to the Eastern Front. Given that America was not yet actively involved in the war yet and the Waffen-SS (the regular German army/infantry) outnumbered the British army, if the Germans were allowed to invade the odds looked very dim for the British. After World War II ended, documents exposed the plan the Nazis had in store for the British had they been defeated, and it involved extermination camps. Hitler never liked the Brits, apparently, unless they were in a position to give him more power or they were visiting dignitaries, not least of which was Charles Lindbergh, recently-abdicated English King Edward VIII and his wife Wallis Simpson. [Ed. note: fixed a definite article problem 11/4/2001.]
Report on Bogoslof (United States) — 6 September-12 September 2017 Smithsonian / US Geological Survey Weekly Volcanic Activity Report, 6 September-12 September 2017 Managing Editor: Sally Kuhn Sennert Please cite this report as: Global Volcanism Program, 2017. Report on Bogoslof (United States). In: Sennert, S K (ed.), Weekly Volcanic Activity Report, 6 September-12 September 2017. Smithsonian Institution and US Geological Survey. 53.93°N, 168.03°W; summit elev. 150 m All times are local (unless otherwise noted) AVO reported that during 6-12 September nothing significant was observed in mostly cloudy satellite images of Bogoslof, and no activity was detected in seismic or infrasound data. The 8 September report noted that the crater lake had been bisected by a narrow isthmus of land. Elevated surface temperatures were identified in one satellite image during 10-11 September. The Aviation Color Code remained at Orange and the Volcano Alert Level remained at Watch. Geologic Background. Bogoslof is the emergent summit of a submarine volcano that lies 40 km north of the main Aleutian arc. It rises 1500 m above the Bering Sea floor. Repeated construction and destruction of lava domes at different locations during historical time has greatly modified the appearance of this "Jack-in-the-Box" volcano and has introduced a confusing nomenclature applied during frequent visits of exploring expeditions. The present triangular-shaped, 0.75 x 2 km island consists of remnants of lava domes emplaced from 1796 to 1992. Castle Rock (Old Bogoslof) is a steep-sided pinnacle that is a remnant of a spine from the 1796 eruption. Fire Island (New Bogoslof), a small island located about 600 m NW of Bogoslof Island, is a remnant of a lava dome that was formed in 1883.
Mozambique Economy Facts Compared to neighboring countries, Mozambique has a varied economy, where agriculture and industry as well as trade and tourism play an important role. Agriculture is estimated to account for a quarter of the gross domestic product (GDP), but its importance is more important than that. Four out of five Mozambicans rely on family farming. According to the World Bank, Mozambique in the mid-1990s was the world’s poorest country. But after the end of the civil war in 1994, growth accelerated rapidly. The manufacturing industry flourished and nearly a thousand state-owned companies were privatized, even though large monopoly companies remained state-owned. - Countryaah.com: Major imports by Mozambique, covering a full list of top products imported by the country and trade value for each product category. The rapid economic progress has attracted considerable attention abroad. Mozambique, which used to be the left’s nanny, liberalized trade and released prices, becoming a favorite for market liberals. Mozambique has since 1996 been one of the sub-Saharan African countries that has experienced the strongest growth. On average, gross domestic product (GDP) has grown by over seven percent each year. The rapid recovery has been driven by large foreign investment in mining and industry. During the 2010s, investors were attracted by newly discovered significant offshore natural gas deposits and large coal resources. However, the fact that the country’s infrastructure is still poorly developed, even though investments are in progress, and does not meet investors’ requirements, however, risks hampering development. The IMF has estimated that coal and gas production can increase growth in the country by two percent annually. However, the large investments have not created many new jobs, and growth in other important sectors of the economy has been weak. Ordinary people, especially in the countryside, have not been part of the progress either. Critics believe that in recent years market liberal policies have taken too little into account social effects in the form of increasing income gaps and poverty. - Abbreviationfinder.org: Check this abbreviation website to find three letter ISO codes for all countries in the world, including NAK which represents the country of Mozambique. Check findjobdescriptions to learn more about Mozambique. Critical voices have been raised against Mozambique’s market-liberal economic policies, which are largely governed by the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) lending institutions. The critics believe that it has taken too little into account social effects in the form of increasing income gaps and poverty. The austerity programs carried out under the auspices of the credit institutions have, among other things, meant that state subsidies have been abolished, that state employees have been laid off and that foreign companies have competed out domestically. This has led to increased unemployment. However, the IMF and the World Bank have taken up some of the criticism and are now talking about the need for social reform. Mozambique has long been heavily dependent on foreign aid, but the large investments in extracting the country’s good natural resources are expected to mean more and more for the country’s economy. The government’s strategy to reduce poverty underlies much of the aid. Budgetary policy is designed in collaboration with the foreign donors, where Sweden plays an important role. The money that Mozambican abroad sends home to their families is also important for the economy. Government debt has been very large, but as part of the World Bank and IMF debt relief programs for the world’s most debt-ridden countries, HIPC (Heavily Indebted Poor Countries) and MDRI (Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative), the country’s debt has been written down significantly. FACTS – FINANCE GDP per person US $ 490 (2018) US $ 14,458 million (2018) 3.3 percent (2018) Agriculture’s share of GDP 21.4 percent (2018) Manufacturing industry’s share of GDP 10.7 percent (2018) The service sector’s share of GDP 46.6 percent (2018) 5.6 percent (2019) Government debt’s share of GDP 99.8 percent (2018) US $ 12 010 million (2017) Assistance per person US $ 60 (2017) MDM’s leaders take damage from their own campaign The new opposition party MDM’s campaign against corruption strikes back when its MPs are revealed in a tangle of tax cheats with imported cars. Party leader Daviz Simango is accused of promoting his own family and family within MDM.
To feed sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) in 2050 without large additional imports requires more productive agriculture. Irrigation can make a big difference, but currently as little as 4%–6% of sub-Saharan Africa’s cultivated land is irrigated, despite water being available to irrigate larger areas. This brief explores the policy implications for improving farmer-led irrigation in sub-Saharan Africa, addressing three questions: - How much FLI in SSA has there been by the 2010s? What has been developed, and how? - How successful has FLI been? What problems arise? How do such developments compare to irrigation initiated by public authorities? - How has public policy assisted or hindered FLI? What are the lessons for policy-makers? The brief is based on a synthesis of findings from research conducted under the DFID-ESRC Growth Research Programme (DEGRP) and the wider literature on irrigation in SSA, especially relatively recent findings.
Last week, Dr Jim Stanford was in WA to present a series of guest lectures about workplace reform, analysis on neoliberal economic policy and his latest research on the implications of the gig economy. Does the gender pay gap exist for kids? ABC news asked Australian kids what they think. We’d all like to think boys and girls are born into this world with an equal shot at life. But for girls, there’s plenty of evidence to suggest the odds aren’t in their favour. On the 8th March we will celebrate International Women’s Day. It’s an opportunity to reflect on the direct impact women have had on the working conditions WA’s public sector workers enjoy today. Women are often under-represented in the celebrated history of the labour movement. Until only a few decades ago most women stayed at home, while men helped pioneer workers’ rights over picket lines and strike actions, forming Australia’s Unions. In WA, it was women working in the public service that secured many of the conditions public servants have today. In the early 1990’s WA’s public service had a very different profile. Every Department and even agency had its own agreement, resulting in hundreds of agreements throughout the public sector. Each department also facilitated its own bargaining, meaning over the years a significant gap developed between government workers pay and entitlements in different agencies. The CPSU/CSA commenced a ground-breaking study into these differences, and the result was one of the biggest gender pay gaps ever found. We discovered the variation between government workers on the same level at different agencies could be up to 30%. Guess who the lower paid workers always were? Women. The CPSU/CSA study confirmed that agencies dominated by men, such as Finance or Main Roads, got paid up to 30% more than agencies dominated by women, such as education or child protection. It was found that while men traded out conditions for higher pay, women sacrificed pay increases to keep their working conditions family friendly. Men had the luxury of being able to exchange shorter hours, flexi-time and leave entitlements for more money but women, as primary care-givers, held onto these entitlements, making sure their families were also looked after. In 2001, the Gallop Labor Government replaced hundreds of Agreements, with a general Agreement for all general government workers. The consolidation process meant the far-ranging disparities in conditions and pay of workers on the same level would now be made even, a process which took over three years to conclude. While those who were on a high pay scale, took small pay increases and gained better leave and working hours, those who were on a low-level pay, got higher pay increases while maintaining the conditions they held steadfast on for decades. The result was that the WA public service had a fairer system for working women who needed to keep their family friendly conditions, but also helped address the considerable gender pay gap that had been created over previous decades. Today, flexible leave and working hours are important conditions for men and women who are taking care of their families while working. Those conditions exist because largely women workforces stood together during agreement negotiations to hold onto them while sacrificing the higher pay of their male equivalents to do so. Together, women are an indomitable force. Happy International Women’s Day.
Physical Hazards Associated With Experimental Animal Care and Use Many tasks in animal facilities require moderate to heavy physical labour, and performing these tasks may expose personnel to risks from moving heavy equipment (strains), slippery floors, electrical hazards when washing cages, etc. Each person must exercise due caution when performing such tasks. Although the importance of understanding basic animal behaviour in the human/experimental animal interaction to avoid injuries can be emphasized here, it cannot replace the skills that are learned by working directly with the animals. Skilled animal care technical staff will already have the right attitudes and approaches towards animal handling and manipulations. They will also have the practical skills to do so safely and humanely. For others, some of the material presented here can serve as a useful introduction to handling animals safely in an experimental animal facility To work safely with an experimental animal a person should: Basic Animal Behaviour Related to Handling and Manipulations The flight zone is an animal's "personal space". The size of the flight zone varies with the tameness of the animal, and other animal-related factors. Completely tame animals have little or no flight zone and a person can touch them. An animal will begin to move away when the person enters the edge of the flight zone. When the person is outside the flight zone, an animal (or group of animals in a herd) will turn and face the person while maintaining a safe distance. It is probably safe to say that when animals are in small cages or pens, all human "intrusions" are inside the animal's flight zone. Therefore, it is very important to condition the animals to regular handling to reduce the apprehension and stress imposed by human presence. When an animal is apprehensive (e.g., about being picked up), aggressive (e.g., about to attack), or defensive (e.g., protecting itself, or its young in the case of a mother), its posture and other behavioural signs can give clues about its state and possible intentions. In many mammalian species the "warning" posture includes lowered head, ears down or back, and in the smaller animals, mouth opens in a snarl. By carefully observing the animal's behaviour while approaching it, injuries such as bites and scratches can be avoided. Communicating With the Animal Your voice, your touch, your smell, are all part of an animal's knowledge about you. To establish a two-way familiarity before a project starts, the people who will be handling or restraining the animals should talk to, touch, and regularly handle each animal. The conditioning period after transport to the laboratory (usually one or two weeks) is an excellent time to begin. Consistency in handling each animal is important. Most laboratory animals learn very quickly who their regular handlers or caretakers are, and accept the handling without undue stress. Using Appropriate Restraint Techniques Different species defend themselves in different ways. For example, a mouse, rat, hamster or dog may bite, a rabbit may struggle furiously and kick or sometimes bite to try and escape, a cat may scratch (with intent!) or bite. The approach to restraining the animal, including any equipment used for restraint, is to prevent the animal from taking such action while ensuring it is safely and humanely held. Although the correct approach to handling and restraint can be understood from printed and audio-visual materials, practice is essential. Appropriate handling and restraint methods have been developed for most laboratory animal species. Skills in the appropriate handling and restraint methods should be attained BEFORE the research project starts. (The handling and restraint of non-human primates require special training, equipment and facilities.) For more information see CCAC Guide, Volume 1, 2nd Ed. 1993. Chapter VIII. Occupational Health and Safety. Use of Restraint Equipment For some procedures such as intravenous injection in a rabbit, restraint devices or equipment are useful adjuncts to the handling, and help ensure that the procedure can be done safely for both the animal and the person. Correct use of such restraint devices will help avoid unnecessary stress or injury to the animal during the procedure. Conditioning the animal to accept the restraint device is important to minimizing the risk of injury both to the animal and to the handler. Use of Chemical Restraint The safe handling of some species either in the laboratory, or in the field, may require the use of "chemical" restraint. Chemical restraint is the use of sedatives or anesthetics to control an animal's activity and thereby allow certain procedures to be done with minimal stress to the animal. Some of the drugs discussed in the Analgesia and Anesthesia modules of this course are useful for chemically restraining animals in circumstances where physical restraint represents a serious risk of harm to the animal or the handler, or is not feasible (e.g., many wild species). Wearing Appropriate Protective Clothing Protective clothing suitable for the handling to be done should be worn at all times; laboratory coats, coveralls, gloves, masks, boots (e.g., steel-toed for working with cattle), etc. Identifying Problem Animals Any animal known to be difficult to handle should be so identified to all who might be working with it (e.g., weekend staff, veterinarian). As an experienced veterinarian once said, "I've never been bitten by a "biting" dog, but I've been bitten by lots of dogs that didn't bite". Immunization of Staff To minimize the risks associated with infections arising from any penetrating wounds such as animal bites or needle sticks, all persons working in laboratory animal facilities should maintain their tetanus vaccination status. All persons at risk of exposure to rabies from any animals that may be infected should consider vaccination for rabies. Any animals brought into experimental animal facilities that might have been exposed to rabies should be considered risks. Generally this refers to any domestic animals housed outdoors (including farm or fur animals), random source dogs and cats, and any wild animals. Institutions may require staff to have rabies vaccination as a condition of working with such species. Depending on the species handled (e.g., non-human primates) other immunizations may be recommended as part of a health and safety program. Appropriate records on the vaccination status of all employees should be maintained by the institution.
Personal Achievement: Improvement Of Communication Skills Effective communication is fundamental in almost every aspect of our lives and making it your personal achievement is a good goal. Communication skills are a valuable tool that many companies will require you to have. People with strong communication skills usually enjoy interpersonal relationships with colleagues, friends, and family. No one is born a perfect communicator, but instead, we all develop little habits and patterns based on our backgrounds. Some habits we acquire are good but at times some may be an impediment to effective communication. In most cases, these little habits get in the way of working as a team and accountability. The following are steps to improve the development of communication skills and enhance personal achievement. Be A Good Listener When communicating, learn to listen to what your partner is saying. People always want to know that they are being heard and understood. To avoid misunderstanding, use the technique of reflection and clarification to confirm what your partner has said. This technique does not only create a rapport but also makes the other person feel respected and hence building a solid interpersonal relationship. Consider The Person You Are Talking To We often talk differently to different people, be it with a close friend or your boss at work. The way we talk to these various groups of individuals matters. It is ok to use acronyms and informal language when speaking to your buddy. However, when communicating with your boss, your language should be different in fact it should be formal. Effective communicators target their message based on who they are speaking to. Therefore, always consider the person you are talking to before getting your message across. Maintain Eye Contact It is always a good habit to maintain eye contact while communicating with somebody. This will show that you are interested in what the other person is saying, and you are paying attention. Remember, improving your communication skills enhances personal achievement. Be Brief And Specific Use simple and yet direct language to pass across your message instead of complex indirect messages. With practice, you learn not to ramble and avoiding giving out too much irrelevant information that may disinterest your listener. Your effective communication will help others to understand you and help build your personal achievement. Be Both Thoughtful And Careful We usually don’t have to agree with whatever the other person says, however, behaving professionally is far much important. The way you handle yourself is going to change the focus of the discussion and decision making from the issue at hand. Some postures may send wrong signals to the person you are speaking to. For example, standing with crossed arms, turning your torso away from your partner or hunched in shoulders may indicate disinterest in the conversation. Therefore, without saying a word your body language can portray what you are feeling about the situation. Correct Tone Of Voice The tone of voice communicates a great deal more than just the words we are trying to pass across. Your tone of voice includes the volume you use, the emphasis you are placing on your words, and you’re the level of emotions you are communicating. You should note that the tone of voice may change the meaning of the message we are passing.
Cell phones gear up to fight AIDS Grid computing is nothing new. In one model of this kind of shared computing, people download programs that allow their computers or laptops to donate computing cycles to projects when the machines are otherwise idle. Scientists with big computing problems can upload a computational problem to a central server, and that server then takes advantage of all the idle computers to crunch numbers and work out a solution. In the past, this kind of volunteer computing has been done with desktops and laptops, because only they had enough power to make things worthwhile. But now that smartphones are almost as powerful as desktop computers, the folks over at IBM's World Community Grid and the Olsen Laboratory plan to leverage the power in everyone’s back pocket. They have developed an app to distribute the computational burden related to finding new drugs that can combat resistant strains of AIDS. To participate in the program, users simply download the Android app and install it on their phone. Thereafter, the smartphone will be sent problems and use its idle processing power to work out solutions. Even though today's phones are powerful, they still face limitations compared to desktop computers. According to the scientists working on the project, phones will only accept problems when they are connected to a Wi-Fi network, are close to fully charged and are plugged into an AC outlet. That way the project won't drain the battery or rack up usage charges. Basically, the phones will mostly be used at night when they are at home and being charged up. Although users likely won't notice their phones chugging away, scientists are hopeful that the idle phones will discover the answer to some pretty complex questions. IBM keeps a running total of how much idle time has been devoted to the project. As of this week, over 30,000 people have downloaded the app and more than 288 years of runtime has been logged. If you've got an Android and some free idle computing cycles, why not help to cure AIDS while you sleep? Posted by John Breeden II on Aug 12, 2013 at 9:33 AM
Encrypting your data is the best way to ensure that if it is lost or stolen or hacked that it stays safe from prying eyes. Encrypted data does not mean that someone can’t get to the “data” but it means the data is useless because it is encrypted. IBM is coming out with technology to enable encryption to take place on your computer so it is encrypted “on the fly” as it moves. Of course if you print, display or email the data – it’s open for anyone to view. Cnet writes “There is a lot of concern about leakage of data,” Charles Palmer, manager security and privacy at IBM, said in an interview. “If you have an architecture where that information is always encrypted, you go a long way to protect your data.” Secure Blue requires a few circuits to be added to a microprocessor, taking up a small percentage of the overall silicon real estate, according to IBM. The encryption and decryption happens on-the-fly, without any processor overhead, the company said. The hardwired security technology can be used for multiple purposes, not all of which necessarily serve the device owner. It can protect data when a person’s computer or device is lost, stolen or hacked, for example. But content owners can also use it for enforcement of copyright, called digital rights management (DRM), which critics have called a scourge to user freedom. Many notebooks are being built with finger-print readers, instead of passwords. However, if someone is able to get past the “locked” data they can read your data as it is not encrypted only secured with a password. As you consider a security plan for your business you must really inventory your data and consider what’s the worst that could happen if this data fell into the “wrong hands”. Depending on your answer you can then plan accordingly for the proper security. Latest posts by Ramon Ray (see all) - How the Recent Facebook Algorithm Change May Affect Your Business - April 6, 2018 - How AI is Transforming Small Businesses and a Look at Zoho AI - April 5, 2018 - 8 Reasons to Use a Business VPN for Your Online Business - March 26, 2018
What is bird flu? Bird flu, also called avian influenza, is a viral infection that can infect not only birds, but also humans and other animals. Most forms of the virus are restricted to birds. H5N1 is the most common form of bird flu. It’s deadly to birds and can easily affect humans and other animals that come in contact with a carrier. According to the Currently, the virus isn’t known to spread via human-to-human contact. Still, some experts worry that H5N1 may pose a risk of becoming a pandemic threat to humans. You may have an H5N1 infection if you experience typical flu-like symptoms such as: - respiratory difficulties - fever (over 100.4°F or 38°C) - muscle aches - runny nose - sore throat If you’re exposed to bird flu, you should notify staff before you arrive at the doctor’s office or hospital. Alerting them ahead of time will allow them to take precautions to protect staff and other patients before caring for you. Although there are several types of bird flu, H5N1 was the first avian influenza virus to infect humans. The first infection occurred in Hong Kong in 1997. The outbreak was linked to handling infected poultry. H5N1 occurs naturally in wild waterfowl, but it can spread easily to domestic poultry. The disease is transmitted to humans through contact with infected bird feces, nasal secretions, or secretions from the mouth or eyes. Consuming properly cooked poultry or eggs from infected birds doesn’t transmit the bird flu, but eggs should never be served runny. Meat is considered safe if it has been cooked to an internal temperature of 165ºF (73.9ºC). H5N1 has the ability to survive for extended periods of time. Birds infected with H5N1 continue to release the virus in feces and saliva for as long as 10 days. Touching contaminated surfaces can spread the infection. You may have a greater risk of contracting H5N1 if you are: - a poultry farmer - a traveler visiting affected areas - exposed to infected birds - someone who eats undercooked poultry or eggs - a healthcare worker caring for infected patients - a household member of an infected person Your doctor may also perform the following tests to look for the presence of the virus that causes bird flu: - auscultation (a test that detects abnormal breath sounds) - white blood cell differential - nasopharyngeal culture - chest X-ray Additional tests can be done to assess the functioning of your heart, kidneys, and liver. Different types of bird flu can cause different symptoms. As a result, treatments may vary. In most cases, treatment with antiviral medication such as oseltamivir (Tamiflu) or zanamivir (Relenza) can help reduce the severity of the disease. However, the medication must be taken within 48 hours after symptoms first appear. The virus that causes the human form of the flu can develop resistance to the two most common forms of antiviral medications, amantadine and rimantadine (Flumadine). These medications shouldn’t be used to treat the disease. Your family or others in close contact with you might also be prescribed antivirals as a preventive measure, even if they aren’t sick. You’ll be placed in isolation to avoid spreading the virus to others. Your doctor may place you on a breathing machine if you develop a severe infection. The outlook for bird flu infection depends on the severity of infection and the type of influenza virus causing it. H5N1 has a high mortality rate, while other types don’t. Some potential complications include: - sepsis (a possibly fatal inflammatory response to bacteria and other germs) - organ failure - acute respiratory distress Call your doctor if you have flu symptoms within 10 days of handling birds or traveling to areas with a known avian flu outbreak. Your doctor may recommend you get a flu shot so that you don’t also get a human strain of influenza. If you develop both the avian flu and human flu at the same time, it could create a new and possibly deadly form of the flu. The CDC has issued no recommendations against traveling to countries that are affected by H5N1. However, you can minimize your risk by avoiding: - open-air markets - contact with infected birds - undercooked poultry Be sure to practice good hygiene and wash your hands regularly. The FDA has approved a vaccine designed to protect against the avian flu, but the vaccine isn’t currently available to the public. Experts recommend that the vaccine be used if H5N1 begins to spread among people.
Hunt Club Creek By John Sankey Hunt Club Creek is not shown on early maps. The first appearance I have found is in 1955 (Geological Survey of Canada 31G/5 edition 6, below right) as an intermittent stream following its 1950’s route from Hunt Club Road. Before 1950 it was a seasonal rivulet draining a wetland located where the north-east corner of the Ottawa Hunt & Golf Club is today. Its original route down the bank of the Rideau River was modified about 1910 when the Canadian Northern Railway built its bridge over the Rideau River: it was then channelled along the west edge of the River Road (old Riverside Drive today) over to the edge of the rail embankment. My ground surveys, and the air photo of 1948 below, indicate that the original bed down the slope was about 60 m to the south of where it is today. At some point prior to the ed.6 map, an agricultural drainage ditch was dug along the eastern edge of the club lands; until 1950 it was connected to the branch of Sawmill Creek shown in ed.5. Roads, rail lines and the airport on both maps are shown as they were when the maps were issued in the early (ed.5) and late (ed.6) 1950’s. Until about 1985, the Regional Municipality of Ottawa-Carleton called our waterway Uplands Creek. The ditch south of Hunt Club Road is internally called the DeNiverville Drain by the military, and some refer to the portion along the east edge of the golf course as the Dowler ditch (there were many Dowlers who farmed in the area). However, today all local government bodies agree on Hunt Club Creek, and as of late 2014 so does the Ontario Geographic Names Board, the official body for geographic names in Ontario. Sawmill Creek ca. 1910 (31G/5 edition 5) Sawmill & Hunt Club creeks ca. 1950 (edition 6) air photo 1948 The creek began life as an urban stormwater sewer about 1950 when DND dug a ditch parallel to the railway to their resurrected WW2 Air Force base to join agricultural ditches north of Hunt Club Road. These ditches were then connected to Hunt Club Creek by cutting through the limestone ridge that formerly separated our creek’s drainage basin from that of Sawmill Creek, leaving a portion of Sawmill Creek dry. Here is the earliest air photo I have found of the creek; the DND ditch, visible at bottom right, is under construction beside the railway; the limestone ridge has not yet been cut. An earlier agricultural ditch can be seen to the left of the new straight ditch; it connected to a branch of Sawmill Creek. A culvert for the Sawmill Creek branch is still present under the old Hunt Club Road, now Hunt Club Place, although it’s now dry. DND probably chose to not use the old stream bed north of Hunt Club Road because part of it it was owned by the Ottawa Hunt and Golf Club; I’ve been unable to find any indication of why they decided to connect the Dowler Ditch to the Hunt Club Creek rather than retaining the existing drainage route to Sawmill Creek. The pre-settlement path of the creek down the steep slope to the Rideau River is clearly visible. The increased flow from the air base triggered further agricultural ditching over the years to prevent flooding. By 1967, the creek channel had been moved to the east side of the River Road; this channel was extended in the late 1990’s as shown on the maps below when Riverside Drive was realigned. Conversion of the creek to the open stormwater sewer we see now was completed in the early 1980’s by the Regional Municipality of Ottawa-Carleton when Campeau and Urbandale developed Hunt Club Woods. Hunt Club Creek in 1967 (edition 7) A 1975 Environment Canada report indicates that stormwater from the airport proper drained down what was then called Hunt Club Gully to the Rideau, and base stormwater was released to a collection area south of DeNiverville (Sta. 1 at right) where it was chlorinated starting in 1969. Sewage from the base (to the east of Royal Route) and airport (to the west) was handled by a plant located at the edge of the Rideau below today’s Rivergate condos. Today, all sewage is handled by the City of Ottawa system ending at Green’s Creek. Chlorination of base stormwater ceased prior to 1991. Originally, the length of the creek was about 1.6 km. Today, it’s 3.2 km (excluding storm sewers), of which a quarter, 0.76 km, is in culverts. Its current drainage area is about 330 ha, of which 64 ha is fast runoff drainage from City of Ottawa storm sewers and 60 ha fast runoff from air base sewers. Its source is now within the air base, it now empties into the Rideau River at 45°20’N 75°42’W. Reflecting its limestone route, it’s alkaline throughout, averaging pH 7.8. Due to the length in underground culverts and the heavy shading of much of the creek, its water is cold during the summer; the culverts return the favour in winter when underground warmth keeps the creek running under surface ice. Its dissolved oxygen levels are too low for most fish; the only species found is Culaea inconstans (brook stickleback), which may be an annual species surviving over the winter via eggs. The creek’s elevation profile today is not that of a mature watercourse, it’s less than 2 m/km for the first half kilometer, and increases gradually to 10 m/km until its final descent to the Rideau River, where it drops 15 m in just 140 m. Summer 2013 the Rideau Valley Conservation Authority Streamwatch program conducted its first ever evaluation of its health, and I took part. September 2013 the Hunt Club Community Organization adopted the creek under this program; I’m the official Streamwatcher. creek bedrock & faults creek ownership; the City of Ottawa owns the parts of the creek surrounded by white. The white area between Mountain Cataract and Marsh is Old Riverside Drive, which has existed since 1827. creek subsoil origin – the swamps are now drained creek drainage area: light blue is ground water (slow), dark blue is storm water (fast), green lines are Ottawa storm water sewers. DND Ditch South: 477 m The creek now originates from a storm-water culvert just north of DeNiverville on the former Canadian Forces Base Ottawa South. As noted above, this ditch was dug in the early 1950’s to improve the drainage of the housing part of the base originally built early in WW2. There are 700 housing units on the base, most of which are still occupied. A very rough estimate of the pollutant load on the creek from the 27 ha of housing and 40 ha of little-used industrial buildings, based on EPA data on similar areas, indicates that the annual pollutant load on the creek from the base is in the region of 1200 kg/yr dissolved materials such as road salts, gasoline, oils, cleaning agents and fertilizers, and 10000 kg/yr suspended materials such as heavy metals abraded from vehicles, road grit and deposited atmospheric particles. The creek here runs through woods its entire length; the bank slopes are cleared of trees often enough that the creek gets sufficient light to remain mostly clear despite its pollution load. It’s bounded by 4′ farm fencing both sides, paralleled on the east side by a dirt access road from the base and on the west by a well-used dirt bike trail. A gate used to bar access from the south, but has now been removed. DND Ditch North: 504 m The creek next passes through a 196 m culvert under Hunt Club Road (City of Ottawa ownership); storm water from 700 m of the road drains here. The culvert was built before a concession boundary kink in Hunt Club Road was straightened, so bypasses both the kinked and unkinked roadbeds (see the edition 7 map above). After 25 m (ownership uncertain) it passes under a chain link fence to reenter DND ownership where it’s abandoned and overgrown. Throughout this section, the creek is separated from single family homes by a 4′ farm fence on the east side and from the Ottawa Hunt and Golf Club by a path (liberally supplied with fallen crabapples and golf balls) where the Uplands railway used to be and a 7′ barbed wire topped fence on the west. The stream bed is sand for the first bit, but rapidly turns to anoxic sediments 30 cm deep throughout the rest of its length. The east fence was added after the ice storm of 1998, when homeowners’ efforts to clean up the damage resulted in liability concerns by DND. DND has recently scheduled this land for divestment. Hopefully it will go to the City of Ottawa and homeowners will once again be able to access and look after the creek with support from the city. Since the old railway bed was built above the 100-year flood level of the creek, it would be possible to turn it into a public access path as many area residents wish. Golf Course Ditch: 174 m The creek now enters ownership of the Ottawa Hunt and Golf Club. Originally there was a 26 m culvert under the railway here; about 1996 it was extended to the current 82 m to improve a golf green. It continues in a ditch which remains essentially as it was excavated by DND in 1950. The limestone ridge here originally separated the drainage of our creek from that of Sawmill Creek. It’s now heavily shaded by thin unhealthy cedar trees: limestone bedrock isn’t suited to cedars. With inadequate sunlight to support vegetation, the bottom of the stream is plugged with deep anoxic sediments that spew black muck into the water when disturbed. Essentially nothing riparian can live here. Biodiverse Wetland: 243 m This section of the creek, a marshy area before settlement and originally the source of the creek, is maintained by the golf course to standards necessary to obtain Audubon certification for the course. It’s superbly done, with a wide variety of healthy riparian plants throughout the length. By its end, the water is close to clear and healthy. It would be wonderful if the rest of the creek was so well looked after. EPA data indicates that the pollutant load from the 40 ha of the golf course that drains into the creek here is very small compared to urban housing, about 80 kg/yr dissolved N&P and 120 kg/yr suspended material. Long Culvert: 396 m Back under ownership of the City of Ottawa, this 1980’s burial of the stream bed from the golf club to north of Uplands Drive was typical of the dismissive treatment of streams in urban areas at the time. Most of the flow comes from the easterly exit (the left one here), which is connected to the golf course section of the stream. The westerly culvert runs from Country Club Drive, where it receives some storm water, under Uplands Drive where it receives more storm water. In this area, house weeping tiles are connected to storm sewers, and the eavestroughs collecting rainfall from the front half of houses almost all drain to an asphalt driveway that conducts the water directly to street storm drains. Roof drainage from the rear of houses generally discharges to the ground, but much of this is also drained into storm sewers via foundation weeping tile. EPA data on residential areas similar to ours indicates that the annual pollutant load on the creek here from 64 ha of Hunt Club streets and residences is about 600 kg/yr dissolved material and 7000 kg/yr suspended material. The advantage of the long culvert: even at -20C the water is open below it for winter birds and animals, a feature welcomed by residents of Archer Square whose houses back onto this section of the creek. Ravine: 181 m This section’s V shape with slopes at the angle of repose, and the absence of meanders, shows its youth. Peak water flow of the creek was roughly doubled when DND drainage was added about 1950 and close-to-doubled yet again with development in the 1980’s. It may well have survived burial because its depth and width made it cost too much to fill in. Most of the trees along the steep banks were planted in 1981 and are now unhealthy, shedding branches down the slope that are left to rot in the water. Some branches in the stream provide habitat for fish and amphibians, but too much just traps waste and fouls the water. As the golf course has shown, this could be a restorative and attractive lightly-wooded riparian section if the city were willing to provide some resources to restore it, removing overaged trees to increase light to that sufficient for riparian vegetation to grow, and planting the stream bed as the golf course has. Stagnant Pond: 171 m The creek next passes through a 37 m culvert under Gillespie Crescent, where more storm water is dumped, to be backed up behind a control dam. The water surface here is usually stagnant, coated with slime and oils, and often has a heavy odour that is not appreciated by those who live next to it, especially during dry weather. The surface used to be cleaner when the dam that holds the water was made of squared timbers that skimmed off surface slime; puddle ducks raised young here then. That ceased when the dam was replaced by solid steel about 2010. This dam blocks summer water flow to the next section of the creek except during large rainfalls. The stream is diverted through the 62 m culvert whose entrance is shown to a constructed stormwater depression, to reduce sediment reaching the Rideau River. Waste branches etc. cleared by city staff from the grate are just dumped nearby, providing an inviting target for passers-by to throw them back into the water. At bottom-left, 43 mm rain in 5 hours; the dam can’t be made any higher or water would flood basements of homes to the west of the creek. During winter, the culvert is blocked off and the dam lifted, allowing water to flow along its old channel. Riverside Hackett Stormwater Pond: 0.30 ha Storm water enters this pond, built in 1984, directly at three points in addition to the flow from the creek. There is often a large amount of undesirable aquatic growth, especially during dry summers. Still, a significant amount of wildlife uses the pond: green backed & great blue herons, kingfisher, black & mallard ducks, redwing blackbirds, even an occasional osprey attracted to the goldfish and frogs. The city does some aquatic planting in response to pressure from the residents whose homes back onto the pond; cutting of sumac and Virginia creeper is mostly done by residents to prevent them from taking over the area. Residents adjoining the pond in general appreciate the pond, and usually clear an ice rink on it during the winter. The pond drains back into the creek through an 83 m culvert to just east of the culvert under Riverside Drive. The pond is a bit small for its purpose, but can’t be made significantly larger without encroaching on NCC land to the north. Spillway Channel: 150 m Owned by the National Capital Commission, this part of the creek is the only section whose bed is essentially unaltered by human activity. However, in summer it’s now left with only water seepage from the adjacent meadow, except during high rainfalls when the stream tops the dam. Its water flow used to be maintained by a small bypass of the dam to maintain ecological health, but the splitting of the creek flow during low flow times led to unacceptable smell from the exposed sediments next to homes upstream. The soil of the meadow is shallow glacial till overlaying layered dolomite and limestone, so seepage into the creek here is low; most goes west under Riverside Drive to the marsh there. Marsh: 234 m A low 34 m culvert under Riverside Drive (City of Ottawa) leads to a now-natural swath of NCC-owned grassy cattail marsh, most of which was formed in the late 1990’s as part of realigning Riverside Drive. Today it provides a home for a dense growth of riparian plants that, although limited in biodiversity, comes close to restoring water purity by its end. It’s not easy to access; a boardwalk observation area connected to Old Riverside Drive could greatly increase public appreciation of the creek and a venue for education on what we dump into it. In mid 2013 a beaver constructed a low dam and lodge in this section, but the NCC destroyed them, disposed of the beaver, and dredged the half of this area next to Riverside Drive. In future, I hope to persuade them to fit any dam in this area with a height-restricting siphon that will allow beavers to contribute to its riparian habitat without flooding damage to neighbours. Mountain Cataract: 315 m Crossing the City right of way for the old Riverside Drive, marked by a small footbridge built by local residents and path, this section of the creek drops 15 m over the last 140 m of its length via a series of rapids and falls that aerate the water before its release into the Rideau River. A well used path along the bank of the Rideau provides access via a footbridge (also built by local residents) where it joins the Rideau. Crayfish and water striders are common throughout its length. Half way down the slope, the bedrock becomes mostly shale, although there are some dolomite boulders that have tumbled from the top layer. This section is difficult to appreciate due to a VIA rail fence that is installed erratically down the slope, apparently taking the easiest path for the installers rather than following the edge of the rail embankment as it should. The University of Ottawa holds post-WW2 editions of Canada’s local post-war topographic maps, earlier ones are only held in the National Library. Air photos are from the National Air Photo Library, geological and area maps from GeoGratis (being some 50 years out of date except for roads, they require major correction from satellite images and ground surveys). Chlorination history came from Environment Canada and Regional Health Department reports, pollution loading from an EPA Stormwater Guide (1996) chapter 4. Sewer diagrams and land ownerships are from the City of Ottawa (2013), drainage south of Hunt Club Road from DND; the creek drainage area is based on their data combined with a terrain model derived from GeoGratis data and my ground surveys.
Once upon a time, there was a very mischievous little monkey, who lived in a big banyan tree, and his name was Jacko. And in the jungle below there lived a huge, fierce old lion and lioness. Now Jacko was a very teasing monkey. He used to climb down the long trailing roots of the banyan tree, and pull the tails of all the other creatures, and then scamper up again, before they could catch him. And he was so bold, he even pulled the tails of the lion and lioness one day. This made them so angry that – They went to a grim old bear they knew, and they arranged with him that he should come with them to the banyan tree, when Jacko was away. So he came, and standing on the lion's head, he gnawed the roots till they were so thin they would not bear a jerk. And next time Jacko pulled the lion's tail he gave a great tug – the roots broke, and down fell Jacko, into the huge, fierce grim old lion's jaws !! « Come here, my dear ! » roared the lion. The lioness came and looked at Jacko. « He is a very thin monkey, » said she, « we had better put him in the larder for a week to fatten him, and then ask Mr Bear to dinner. » So they put him in the larder, which was juste a little piece at the end of their cave, built up with big stones, and while the lion built it up, the lioness lay ready to spring on him if he tried to escape. It was very dark and very cold, and Jacko did not like it at all. They left a little window to feed him by, and every day they gave him as many bananas as he liked, because they knew monkeys ate bananas, and they could get them easily. Then the lioness wrote a leaf-letter to the bear, asking him to dinner, which he, of course, accepted with pleasure. But Jacko did not get fat, and the reason of that was that he soon tired of bananas, and only ate one every day. He gave all the others to the rats. The lion and lioness were rather worried because Jacko did not get fat, so one day they stole in to listen to him talking to the rats, and as it happened they were just talking about bananas. « I am tired of bananas, » said Jacko. « I wish I could get a cocoa-nut. » « It would make you very fat, » said the rats. « Yes », said Jacko, « and I don't want to be fat for those old lions. » « Ho, ho ! » said the lions. « A cocoa-nut will make him fat ; we'll get him one at once. » But when they came to the tree they could not reach a single cocoa-nut! So the lion went back and told the little rats very fiercely that he would tear down the stones, and eat them all up at once, if they did not fetch him down some cocoa-nuts at once. They terrified the little rats. They scampered up the tree, and gnawed off the cocoa-nuts as fast as they ever could. But as the cocoa-nuts fell on the heads of the lion and the lioness, and hurt them very much, the little rats took care to stay up the tree till it was very dark. As soon as their heads felt a little better, the lion and the lioness took the cocoa-nuts. And carried them to Jacko. They had to make a very large hole to put them in, but they built it up carefully again. Jacko was very much delighted to get the cocoa-nuts, but he had hard work tearing off the hairy outside. However at last he got it all off. Then he smashed the cocoa-nuts with a stone, and drank the milk, and began eating the nut ; and wasn't it good after a whole week of bananas ! While he ate it, he amused himself making a nice warm coat for himself of the hairy dusk of the cocoa-nuts, and he was so busy he did not notice how much he was eating. And when he put his warm coat on he just looked fearfully fat. And the lion and lioness peeping in, thought it was all Jacko, and they were delighted. « Isn't he fat and tender ? » they said. « We'll eat him to-night, and not wait for Mr. Bear. » And they went out for a walk, to get a good appetite. Poor Jacko ! He did not eat any more cocoa-nut after he heard that. He pulled off his coat, and smoothed his hair down with his little paws, but still looked fat. And he smeared himself all over with bananas to make the hair lie flat, but still he looked fat. So he put on his warm coat again, and lay down, and cried himself to sleep. But you must know the bear was a very greedy old bear, and that very afternoon, while Jacko was asleep, he came to have a private peep at him. And when he saw him looking so lovely and fat, he just could not resist the temptation, and began pulling down the stones as fast as he could, intending to eat him all by himself. But he was an awkward, clumsy old bear, and all of a sudden – With a rumble and a rattle and a CLATTER, and a the stones all came down on top of him, waking poor little Jacko, and scaring him nearly out of his wits. But he had the sense to scramble out as fast as he could. The lion and the lioness were just coming back, and when they heard the noise they came tearing home like the wind, and met little Jacko just in the mouth of the cave. With a fearful roar the lion struck at him with his claws, but they only stuck in the --- With another fearful roar, the lioness seized him in her teetch. But Jacko was so round with eating cocoa-nut, and so slippery with banana, that he popped out from between her teeth, like an orange seed, and ran on. And the next minute he was safe, and scrambling up the cocoa-nut tree at a rate which shook down most of the cocoa-nuts on to the heads of the lion and lioness. So the lion had a sore head, and the lioness had a sore head, and the bear had a sore head, and they had nothing for dinner but BANANAS.
Practicing Listening and Reading Closely: The Haudenosaunee Thanksgiving Address Grade 4 ELA Module 1A, Unit 1, Lesson 1 Resources may contain links to sites external to the EngageNY.org website. These sites may not be within the jurisdiction of NYSED and in such cases NYSED is not responsible for its content. Common Core Learning Standards \|RI.4.1\|\|Refer to details and examples in a text when explaining what the text says explicitly and when...\| \|RI.4.3\|\|Explain events, procedures, ideas, or concepts in a historical, scientific, or technical text,...\| \|SL.4.1\|\|Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one-on-one, in groups, and teacher-led...\|
Stomach Acid Meaning In Urdu. By joining us on all social media networks you can get latest updates and learning stuff. It may be continuous or come and go. Colitis may be caused by an infection or by decreased blood flow to the colon, called ischemic colitis. Shadeed. Pain Meaning in English to Urdu is درد, as written in Urdu and Dard, as written in Roman Urdu. Back pain can affect people of all ages, from teens to seniors. Some people call it the trunk, tummy, belly or gut. PEDV is spread most commonly diluted with distilled water in Purulia, about 350 kilometers (220 miles) west of Kolkata, India, Sunday, March 31, 2013. If the patient is complaining of abdominal pain, assess that area last. Access other dictionaries such as English to Arabic, English to French, and English to Hindi to check the The abdomen is separated anatomically from the chest by the diaphragm, the powerful muscle spanning the body cavity below the lungs.. in Urdu writing script is Also write down what you eat, and what symptoms you have after you eat. Abdominal pain can be described as localized, cramp-like, or colicky. Abdominal Feeling : احساس Ehsas : the experiencing of affective and emotional states. The other meanings are Shikam, Pait and Keeday Makoron Ka Pichla Hissa. A diary may help your healthcare provider learn what is causing your abdominal pain. Stomach Acid Meaning In Urdu. If the patient is complaining of abdominal pain, assess that area last. آپ کے پیٹ کے پٹھوں میں اچانک درد یا سخت احساس ہونا۔. Various organs can be the source of pain in the upper abdomen, … This type of pain is often caused by problems in a particular organ. meaning in Urdu has been searched Abdominal. Abdominal similar words like Abdominal Distension, Abdominal Colic and Abdominals; Abdominal Urdu Translation is پیٹ کا. Abdominal meaning in Urdu is peet ka. Belly Ache meaning in other languages. Belly Ache nearby words. Abdominal Distension, Abdominal Colic and Abdominals. Gallstones. Abdominal pain is pain felt anywhere from below your ribs to your pelvis. Acute pain in back. The abdomen is that part of your body which is above your hips and below your ribs. Urdu translation of Belly Ache. Cramp definition at Dictionary.com, a free online dictionary with pronunciation, synonyms and translation. If you experience digestive issues, as many do, it is essential to get to the root cause of why you are having digestive issues. Bladder pain is usually caused by two conditions that are more common in women than men, and is usually not serious or life-threatening. بیض نالیاں. "His leg muscle got pulled". Fallopian tube cyst. He or she may evaluate your risk for gynecological infections, ovarian tumors, or endometrial cancer. Similar words of Abdominal are The theme from “Glad Days” was a wierd traditional, residence cooked meals substance referred to as lipoproteins. also commonly used in daily talk like as There are also major blood vessels in the abdomen. It may also be caused by a pulled muscle in your abdomen or by an injury. 33219 (thirty-three thousand two hundred and nineteen) اس کا امکان گیس اور اپھارہ ہونے کی وجہ سے ہے. Search meanings in Urdu to get the better understanding of the context. Most cancers in the renal pelvis are transitional cell carcinoma. In a third of cases the exact cause is unclear. Shares. Abdomen Operations – Dr. Ali Jafar Clinic. trunk meaning in Urdu (Pronunciation -تلفظ سنیۓ ) US: 1) trunk. peet ka lower abdomen meaning in urdu 10 Innovative Playlist Apps 15 Best Coffee Shops In LA Gabriele Jones Type what you are searching for: Home; About; Shop; App; FAQ; Support; My Account; 0. Dec 23, 2020. گہرا Gehra ... Cope`s Early Diagnosis of the Acute Abdomen. Abdominal When patients complain of “stomach pain,” they are sometimes describing pain that is throughout the abdomen area and may not actually be directly related to the organ known as the stomach. Pain can occur in any part of the abdomen, including the LLQ. **The pain often improves after a bowel movement. Abdomen and liver case presentation by PG. Other terms used to describe abdominal pain are stomachache, tummy ache, gut ache and bellyache. There are always several meanings of each word in Urdu, the correct meaning of Abdomen in Urdu is پیٹ, and in roman we write it Pait. Medical doctor will assist folks affected piglets. See dragon ball z abridged episode 60 pt 2 for context. In the age of digital communication, any person should learn and understand multiple languages for better communication. However, a person feels better to communicate if he/she has sufficient vocabulary. You can get more than one meaning for one word in Urdu. … meaning in different languages. Learn more. People often want to translate English words or phrases into Urdu. Click Here to learn more about this course, The most trusted dictionary with over 200K words, phrases and their meanings, آپ کے پیٹ کے پٹھوں میں اچانک درد یا سخت احساس ہونا۔ اس کا امکان گیس اور اپھارہ ہونے کی وجہ سے ہے. This happened few days after he complained of abdominal pain. In This Website You Can Find Tutorial Of Different Subjects, Class Notes, Video Tutorials In Urdu, Previous Exam Papers, NTS Paper , NTS Sample Test, Sample Test, Entry Test, Model Papers, Word Meaning , Definition, Old Exam Papers Of All BOARD And Power Point Presentation Of Different Topics.You can also Get The Previous Exam Papers, NTS Papers, NTS Sample Test, Class Notes and … Abdomen \| Urdu Meaning of Abdomen Medical Thesaurus. > starving meaning in urdu General starving meaning in urdu. 2 of 3. Definitions of the word Pain have been described here with the maximum details. Belly Ache Synonyms. Stomach Acid Meaning In Urdu Contribute in different internationally. Physicians believe that stomach disorder cannot be only caused by the carelessness in eating. Some people call it the trunk, tummy, belly or gut. There might be some other reasons behind it as well. However, it will allow you to learn the appropriate use of Abdominal in a sentence. Two types of abdominal wall hernias can potentially cause lower abdominal and groin pain -- inguinal and femoral hernias, both located in the groin region 3.Inguinal hernias are more common, especially in men. times till Expertreviewed information summary about the treatment of gallbladder cancer. Cure stomach pain and abdominal pain in urdu. Gallbladder cancer treatment (pdq®)patient version. 5 Reasons Your Stomach May Hurt. Just as you did with auscultation and percussion, divide the patient’s abdomen into regions, and systematically assess each. In a third of cases the exact cause is unclear. Acute Stroke Treatment. rheumatism meaning in urdu + rheumatism meaning in urdu 24 Nov 2020 A new case report describes a patient with arthritis of the sternoclavicular joint (SC joint, the joint between the collar bone and the breastbone, ... rheumatism meaning in urdu Cardiovascular Risk and Rheumatoid Arthritis. Urdu meaning of word Belly Ache. Stomach cramps: A nonmedical term most often used to describe pain in the mid- or upper abdominal area.Abdominal pain (pain in the belly) can come from conditions affecting a variety of organs and does not necessarily arise from the stomach even though an individual may perceive that pain is originating in the stomach. Gas. Abdomen Pain Synonyms. See your GP if you or your child have persistent or repeated abdominal pain. Kala zeera. peet ka. The page not only provides Urdu meaning of Abdomen but also gives extensive definition in English language. This type of pain may be present for weeks to months, or even years. Most cancers in the renal tubule are renal cell carcinoma and clear cell adenocarcinoma. See dragon ball z abridged episode 60 pt 2 for context. The page not only provides Urdu meaning of Nauseous but also gives extensive definition in English language. Abdomen Belly Stomach Venter : پیٹ Peeth : the region of the body of a vertebrate between the thorax and the pelvis. Sudden and severe pain in your abdomen can also sometimes be caused by an infection of the stomach and bowel (gastroenteritis). Ivory. بیض نالیاں. When you have a pain in that area, the specialist will call it abdominal pain.. Belly Ache meaning in Urdu. سینہ Sina چھاتی Chati : Breast Chest : (noun) the front of the trunk from the neck to the abdomen. Although we have added all of the meanings of Slop chest with utmost care but there could be human errors in the translation. Here, you can check and trunk in Urdu … Renal Diet Meaning In Urdu. Abdominal cramp meaning in urdu. in Urdu.Abdominal More 90 Abdomen Synonyms. The person feels a full and tight abdomen. Include when the pain happens, how long it lasts, and what the pain feels like. Stomach cramps: A nonmedical term most often used to describe pain in the mid- or upper abdominal area.Abdominal pain (pain in the belly) can come from conditions affecting a variety of organs and does not necessarily arise from the stomach even though an individual may perceive that pain is originating in the stomach. Malayalam Translation. Abdomen is an noun according to parts of speech. People in the US spend more than $50 billion annually on treating back pain. Then abdominal cancer was diagnosed . What Are Most Frequent Causes Of Car Accidents? Latin words for abdomen include abdomen, venter and ilia. + leaves meaning in urdu 09 Dec 2020 The DAS28 is a measure of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). You have searched the English word Anytime one experiences a conflict between Ideals and Reality, the neck may experience a sympathetic response in the form of mis-aligned bones, nerve pain or difficulty moving or turning the head. Backache is the Meaning of Urdu Word کمردرد in English Low and lower lower back pain meaning in urdu age-related. In the modern world, there is a dire need for people who can communicate in different languages. If a person is psychologically disturbed, he would ultimately become a […] Write down any other symptoms you have with abdominal pain. To understand how would you translate the word Fallopian tube in Urdu, you can take help from words closely related to Fallopian tube or it’s Urdu translations. Here's how you say it. Common causes of pain in the abdomen include gastroenteritis and irritable bowel syndrome. Abdominal: Relating to the abdomen, the belly, that part of the body that contains all of the structures between the chest and the pelvis. Using this website means you're Ok with this. You can also find multiple synonyms or similar words of Abdomen. By looking at example sentences with the word Chest, you can easily learn the use of Chest in English sentence. Gas or bloating. At Urdu Wire you can find Ivory Latin Names meaning, origin & religion with rating & reviews.
The United Nations has raised serious concerns about race relations in Australia and has called on the Federal Government to work towards a "meaningful" reconciliation. In observations after meeting Australian delegates in Geneva this month, the UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination said the abolition of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission, creation of a board of experts to advise the Government and transfer of most programs to government departments "will reduce participation of indigenous peoples in decision-making" and limit the capacity to deal with related issues. It said 1998 amendments to the Native Title Act "wind back" some of the protections once offered. It said the 1993 act and the Mabo case had "constituted a significant development in the recognition of indigenous people's rights ..." "The committee remains concerned about the striking over- representation of indigenous peoples in prisons as well as the percentage of indigenous deaths in custody," it said. It said prejudice against Arabic and Muslim Australians had increased and that counter-terrorism legislation "may have an indirect discriminatory effect against" them. It has called on the Federal Government to report back within a year to show how it has followed up on its recommendations and submit the next in a series of "periodic reports" by the end of October 2008. The committee noted several "positive aspects", including that serious acts of racial hatred or incitement to racial hatred were criminal offences in most Australian states and territories. But it said it was concerned "over the wide gap that still exists between indigenous peoples and others", particularly in employment, housing, health, education and income. Australia should ensure a meaningful reconciliation is achieved and also consider the need to "address appropriately the harm inflicted by the forced removal of indigenous children". It called for a review of a high standard of proof required under the Native Title Act it said had resulted in indigenous people being "unable to obtain recognition of their relationship with traditional lands". It welcomed the adoption of a national strategy on indigenous family violence. It noted programs aimed at reducing the number of indigenous juveniles entering the criminal justice system and the development of culturally sensitive procedures and practices among the police and the judiciary. But its concerns included the issue of mandatory detention of "illegal migrants, including asylum seekers ... in particular when such detention affects women, children, unaccompanied minors and those who are considered stateless ..." It said it was particularly concerned about people in detention for more than three years and requested data on nationality and length of detention in Australia and offshore.
Global warming and climate change is one of the biggest issues facing humanity in this century; its effects are felt on the highest peaks of Mount Everest to the low-lying islands in the India Ocean. This century marked the highest amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted, breaking records of the past 650,000 years, and we have pushed the climate to “a point of no return”. Much of the climate contribution has been linked to humanity’s thirst for higher living standards and lifestyle, which has led to higher consumerism, depletion of earth’s resources, production of massive waste and carbon emissions. Fast forward from the sustainability agenda of Brundtland set in 1987 and the increasing demand for energy consumption to cater for the current global inhabitants, many “green” efforts have been taken by the building industry to reduce the overall environmental impact. This purpose of this study is to compare energy performance of a conventional office building with a green certified building. This paper tries to bridge the performance gap by comparing measured operational energy consumption and carbon emission of Green Building Index (GBI)-certified office buildings in Kuala Lumpur, to determine whether “green buildings” are performing as intended in reducing their environmental impact. This paper highlighted and compared operational energy consumption and carbon emissions of a GBI-certified office with a conventional office building in Malaysia. The paper also discusses the performance gap issue and its common causes, and aims to compare predicted energy and operational energy performance of buildings. Initiatives such as “green” or “sustainable” design have been at the forefront of architecture, while green assessment tools have been used to predict the energy performance of a building during its operational phase. There is still a significant performance gap between predicted or simulated energy measurements to actual operational energy consumption. The need to measure actual performance of these so-called “green buildings” is important to investigate if there is a performance gap and whether these buildings can perform better than conventional buildings. Understanding why the performance gap occurs is a step in reducing actual and predicted energy performance in buildings. This research is supported by British Council Newton-Ungku Omar Fund Institutional Links (ID: 172726659) and University of Malaya Bantuan Kecil Penyelidikan (Project No: BK061-2015). M. Zaid, S., Kiani Rad, A. and Zainon, N. (2017), "Are green offices better than conventional? Measuring operational energy consumption and carbon impact of green office in Malaysia", Facilities, Vol. 35 No. 11/12, pp. 622-637. https://doi.org/10.1108/F-06-2016-0063 Emerald Publishing Limited Copyright © 2017, Emerald Publishing Limited
How to inspire young minds with music. The Gould Academy performing arts department recently took their show on the road for an interactive music performance for elementary school students. Their Chamber Ensemble; made up of violins, cello, flutes and piano, played several selections of classical music for fourth and fifth grade students at Crescent Park Elementary School in Bethel. The program included compositions from Antonio Vivaldi, Joseph Haydn, and J.S. Bach. “The idea of the performance at CPS was to present and share the talent at Gould. I believe that performing for a young audience gives them a cultural experience and an introduction to the music in general.” explains Gould’s band teacher and conductor Edison Quinatoa, “Gould students were so excited to see the children engaged with the performance. [Crescent Park students] were dancing with our last piece, and had the opportunity to conduct the chamber ensemble. My hope is to see the Gould musicians continue to share their amazing musical talents, and to encourage the young students to play a musical instrument in the future.”
Pathway 4 to Sustainable Fat Loss: Awareness of Food Most people are shocked to find out how much they are actually eating compared to what they perceive themselves to be eating. Occasionally, you will find someone who believes they are eating more than they really are on a daily basis. Most of the time, however, it is quite the opposite. In other words, we tend to take in significantly more food than we think we do. The reason for this is quite simple: a general lack of awareness of food and our food habits. When beginning a fat loss process, it is incredibly useful to become aware of how frequently you are eating, your total food intake on an average day, what an above-average day looks like and how often you are eating for enjoyment or distraction rather than for sustenance. To be clear at the outset, it is important to reasonably enjoy food, and especially so on special occasions. However, being aware of your tendencies to eat outside of your need for sustenance is also important. Without analysis, just becoming aware of snacking - even on whole, healthy foods such as fruit, cheese and nuts - can help you to become mindful of whether or not those snacks (and their caloric impacts) are actually useful to you. Apps such as Carbon Diet Coach and MyFitness Pal can be useful in helping you track your food, give you a real picture of your food intake and let you know how much you ought to be eating in order to achieve your fat loss goals. If you are just beginning your food awareness process or if counting calories is uncomfortable or unsustainable for you through these apps, simply writing down what you eat in approximate amounts in Google Docs or Sheets, Evernote or even with a good old-fashioned pen and notebook can help to retool your awareness of your food intake. As crucial as your awareness of your food is, the makeup of your food absolutely matters . . .
If you haven’t seen Adrian Underhill before, this is a must-see. In a remarkably short time you can learn about the phonemic chart and where in the mouth English sounds are made. The full video is 1 hour long (!). For learners of English who turn to dictionaries for help with pronunciation, they usually need to become familar with phonetic spelling. In the video, Adrian introduces you to phonemic symbols and his preferred arrangement. On short courses, there may not be the time or the need to cover everything but most students benefit from working on their most troublesome sounds. Adrian’s ‘slide’ technique for improving vowel sounds often produces great results.
Other essays and articles in the Literature Archives related to this topic include An Analysis of “Eveline” in The Dubliners by James Joyce In his preface to James Joyce’s novel, Ulysses, literary scholar Richard Ellmann explained how Ulysses challenged the conventions of the fiction genre in numerous ways. From dispensing with the authority of the central narrative voice to alternating between a plot that is at turns impersonal and then almost invasively intimate, Joyce introduced a “whole galaxy of new devices and stances and verbal antics [that were] extravagant, derisive, savage, rollicking, tender and lyrical” (Joyce ix). For scholars and general readers alike, “the decipherment of obscurities” within this new literary galaxy “has gone on apace”; the meaning and significance of Joyce’s narrative techniques continue to be analyzed long after Joyce’s death (Joyce ix). One of the areas of Ulysses that has often been overlooked, however, is that of the various functions played by the passage of time and awareness of time in the novel. A text that is ambitious both in its size and scope, the events of Ulysses actually unfold over the course of a single day: June 16, 1904. While many other traditional markers of organization and order were dispensed of by Joyce in Ulysses, there is an acute focus on the temporal setting of each major episode in the text, particularly in the first two parts of the novel, and this emphasis serves both critical narrative functions and affirms the psychological preoccupations that are at the thematic core of the novel. As Ulysses opens, the narrator’s identity may be ambiguous, but the temporal setting of the scene and characters being described is not. While the narrator does not name the specific time of day, he does not need to do so; instead, he chooses to engage the reader and suggest the time of day by pointing out a variety of details that tell the reader the narrative begins in the morning. Buck Mulligan is introduced “bearing a bowl of lather…and a razor,” and “a yellow dressinggown, ungirdled, was sustained gently behind him on the mild morning air” (Joyce 3). Even the mountains outside are described as “awaking” (Joyce 3). On this first page of Ulysses, the reader feels immediately that he lacks orientation to many aspects of the setting. The characters have not been properly introduced according to the standard conventions of the novel, for instance, the physical location has not yet been identified, and the relationships among the characters have not been elucidated nor even suggested. The only certainty the reader can claim at this introductory point is that the time of day is morning. Although it is Buck Mulligan who is shaving himself, the psychological importance of this quotidian morning ritual is emphasized when Buck passes his shaving mirror to Stephen Dedalus, saying “Look at yourself, you dreadful bard!” This is the first of many passages in which time will be used to underscore the psychological preoccupations of the central characters, particularly Stephen and, in Part II of Ulysses, Leopold Bloom. Stephen does glance at himself in the mirror, and thinks, “Who chose this face for me?” (Joyce 6). His answer, “This dogsbody to rid of vermin” (Joyce 6), hints at Stephen’s rather gloomy view of himself, of the world he inhabits, and the relationship between the two. Stephen’s reaction of displeasure and even disgust to his own visage is an early indication of the characters’ profound sense of dissatisfaction with themselves and with their place in the world. Just four years into the new century, there was a general sense that political, social, and economic stability would be achieved and that individuals would be able to benefit directly from such wider scale accomplishments (Rickard 92). The social zeitgeist, Rickard remarked, was that which is typical of any turn of the century moment: a spirit of possibility, of hope, and of change, signifying a break with the difficulties and failings of the past. For the main characters in Ulysses, however, the frequent episodes of self-reflection, such as the one with Stephen gazing at himself in the shaving mirror, suggest that the spirit of possibility is not experienced pervasively by all members of a society. In many other moments of self-reflection, especially those experienced by Stephen and Leopold, the daily rituals associated with time only sharpen their feeling that they are somehow outside of that sphere of possibility. While other characters, such as the schoolmaster Mr. Deasy, can thrive and prosper, both economically and socially, Stephen and Leopold are representatives of that group of people who are suspended in limbo between an idealized past, an inadequate present, and an imagined future. Two related episodes that convey Stephen’s acute sense of his inability to seize the fin-de-siecle moment and better himself occur just a few hours after his shaving mirror epiphany of self-loathing. Stephen, a teacher, arrives at school, where between even the briefest pauses between the history questions he asks and the responses the students offer, Stephen reflects upon what he refers to as “the daughters of memory” (Joyce 20). Stephen describes time as “one livid final flame,” and asks himself rhetorically, “What’s left us then?” The dismal reverie is broken when a student responds to a question about where a battle occurred by answering not with the place, but with the year. This fact is significant because it underscores how much people use time to mark their place in the world and to understand their relationships to other people. In the classroom, as in the narrative, and as in life, there is little that makes sense, there is little that cohesive, but the concreteness of time helps, at the very least, to create some context. The history lesson he is trying to deliver to his students, somewhat ineptly, becomes a meditation for Stephen on the opportunities and ravages of time. “Time has branded [and fettered] them,” Stephen thinks, “[and] they are lodged in the room of the infinite possibilities they have ousted” (Joyce 21). Although he does not use a personal pronoun, Stephen himself clearly feels branded and fettered by time, unable to access the possibilities purported to be available, though the reader still does not know at this juncture what possibilities may even be of interest to Stephen.
Evaporation is the process whereby a liquid transforms into a gas. It is likewise one of the three primary actions in the worldwide water cycle. You are watching: How long does water take to evaporate Evaporation on a Farm Water evapoprices from a sugar beet area after a summer shower in Borger, Netherlands. Evaporation is a key step in the water cycle. Picture by Buiten-Beeld/Alamy Stock Photo Evaporation happens as soon as a liquid transforms into a gas. It can be conveniently visualized when rain puddles “disappear” on a warm day or once wet garments dry in the sun. In these examples, the liquid water is not actually vanishing—it is evaporating into a gas, referred to as water vapor. Evaporation happens on an international range. Alongside condensation and also precipitation, evaporation is just one of the three main procedures in the Earth’s water cycle. Evaporation accounts for 90 percent of the moisture in the Earth’s atmosphere; the other 10 percent is as a result of plant transpiration. Substances deserve to exist in 3 major states: solid, liquid, and also gas. Evaporation is just one method a substance, prefer water, can adjust between these states. Melting and freezing are 2 various other means. When liquid water reaches a low enough temperature, it freezes and becomes a solid—ice. When solid water is exposed to enough warmth, it will melt and go back to a liquid. As that liquid water is additionally heated, it evaporates and also becomes a gas—water vapor. These alters between states (melting, freezing, and also evaporating) occur bereason as the temperature either increases or decreases, the molecules in a substance begin to rate up or slow-moving down. In a solid, the molecules are tightly packed and also just vibprice against each other. In a liquid, the molecules move freely, but continue to be cshed together. In a gas, they move approximately wildly and have actually a good deal of area in between them. In the water cycle, evaporation occurs when sunlight warms the surface of the water. The heat from the sunlight renders the water molecules relocate quicker and also much faster, until they relocate so quick they escape as a gas. Once evaporated, a molecule of water vapor spends around ten days in the air. As water vapor rises higher in the setting, it starts to cool earlier down. When it is cool enough, the water vapor condenses and retransforms to liquid water. These water droplets eventually gather to create clouds and also precipitation. See more: Make Up For Ever Artist Liquid Matte Lipstick 109 0, Make Up For Ever Artist Liquid Matte Lipstick Evaporation from the oceans is essential to the production of fresh water. Since even more than 70 percent of the Earth’s surface is extended by oceans, they are the major source of water in the environment. When that water evapoprices, the salt is left behind. The fresh-water vapor then condenses into clouds, many of which drift over land also. Precipitation from those clouds fills lakes, rivers, and streams through fresh water.
• 300 page pdf notes • Exercises for each unit with solutions • Email support from the instructor PHP and MySQL are two of the most popular open source technologies to emerge during the past decade. PHP is a powerful language for writing server-side Web applications, while MySQL is the world’s most popular open source database. Together, these two technologies provide a powerful platform for building database-driven Web applications. This course is intended to enable those who are already familiar with HTML to build more powerful web solutions and advance to dynamic, database-enabled, website/intranet programming and applications using the popular PHP language.
Anxious Girls' Brains Work Harder, Michigan State University Study 6/6/2012 7:38:05 AM In a discovery that could help in the identification and treatment of anxiety disorders, Michigan State University scientists say the brains of anxious girls work much harder than those of boys. The finding stems from an experiment in which college students performed a relatively simple task while their brain activity was measured by an electrode cap. Only girls who identified themselves as particularly anxious or big worriers recorded high brain activity when they made mistakes during the task.
ERIC Number: ED256851 Record Type: RIE Publication Date: 1975-May Una Mejor Opportunidad para Aprender: La Educacion Bilingue Bicultural (A Better Chance to Learn: Bilingual-Bicultural Education). Commission on Civil Rights, Washington, DC. The effectiveness of bilingual bicultural education as a means of increasing the opportunities of language minority students is examined in this report, which is addressed to educators and the general public. First, an introduction defines key terms, briefly outlines controversies which surround bilingual education, and describes the contents of the report. Three chapters follow, focusing on different aspects of the central topic. Chapter 1 provides a historical overview of language minorities and education and then focuses on the needs of today's mostly Spanish-speaking immigrants, and the recent public policies affecting them. In Chapter 2, the English as a Second Language approach is analyzed for purposes of comparison and the educational principles underlying the bilingual approach are discussed. In Chapter 3, to clarify what bilingual bicultural programs are and how they work, selected bilingual programs are described, and information is provided on evaluation procedures for such programs. Finally, a brief conclusion discusses the report's implications and asserts that bilingual bicultural education is the program of instruction that currently offers the best vehicle for large number of language minority students who experience language difficulty in the schools. Appendices include discussions of the constitutional right of non-English speaking children to equal educational opportunity, and Federal and State policy on bilingual education. (KH) Descriptors: Bilingual Education, Educational History, Educational Policy, Elementary Secondary Education, English (Second Language), Equal Education, Evaluation Methods, Hispanic Americans, Immigrants, Minority Groups, Non English Speaking, Program Descriptions, Program Effectiveness, Public Policy, Student Needs Publication Type: Reports - Evaluative; Translations; Legal/Legislative/Regulatory Materials Education Level: N/A Authoring Institution: Commission on Civil Rights, Washington, DC. Note: Translated from the English edition by Gladys E. Zeda. For English version, see ED 107 417.
HIST 451 Fall 2019 HIST 451 Fall 2019 In fall 2019, students in HIST 451 Oral History completed two interviews with lesbians who had participated in the women's movement in the 1970s and/or 1980s. Their final assignment was to produce an audio-documentary based on these interviews. This collection includes the two full interviews and the final edited audio-documentary. Below is the course description. ORAL HISTORY OF LESBIANS AND THE WOMEN’S MOVEMENT WHAT IS THIS COURSE ABOUT? In the 1970s lesbians played a major role in the women’s movement, but not everyone welcomed them. Nevertheless, the women’s movement was essential to the formation of a strong and empowered sense of lesbian identity and facilitated the emergence of a vibrant lesbian culture. HIST 451 explores this history. WHAT WILL WE DO? • Analyze primary and secondary sources in SFU’s archives and library, and at home • Explore the nuances of oral history methods • Interview someone who was active in the women’s movement in the 1970s • Assist a classmate in recording their interview • Create a short audio documentary based on your oral interview • Organize a community forum were we will present our work • Attend a public oral history event and write a review of it • Write two additional short papers HOW WILL I BE GRADED? This course operates according to the principles of “ungrading.” Briefly, you will evaluate your own accomplishments and progress. See https://www.jessestommel.com/why-i-dontgrade/ WHAT WILL I LEARN? You’ll learn how to do all of the things listed in the “What will we do?” section. WHEN IS THE CLASS AND WHO TEACHES IT? The class meets Tuesdays from 1:30PM to 5:20PM in AQ 5027. It is taught by Professor Elise Chenier, a queer feminist activist and oral historian, and the founder of the Archives of Lesbian Oral Testimony. She can be reached via our Canvas course page, at firstname.lastname@example.org and at 778-782-8573. Her office is AQ 6222. WHAT BOOKS AND MATERIALS ARE REQUIRED? You will be required to purchase a course pack from the SFU bookstore. You can avoid this expense by downloading the articles yourself. You will need a device to record with; most laptops and many phones are suitable for this purpose, and the History Department has recording devices you may borrow. You will also need to download Audacity, which is free audio editing software. You can successfully complete this course without having to spend any money on course materials.
Statins are a group of drugs which are used to lower cholesterol. Statins can lower bad cholesterol by up to 50% and increase good cholesterol by up to 15%. Why do people need to lower cholesterol? Too much bad cholesterol (low-density lipoprotein or LDL) in your blood means you have an increased risk of heart disease. Excess LDL cholesterol in your blood results in it being deposited in the arteries. As it gets worse you have a higher risk of getting blocked arteries and suffering a heart attack. Are there other ways to lower cholesterol? Absolutely - statins shouldn't really be the first point of call. - Eat a low fat diet with as little saturated fat as possible - Exercise regularly - Maintain a healthy weight Are there any side effects of statins? As with any drugs there is always the risk of side effects. Statins are known to affect the production of an enzyme called Coenzyme Q10 which is produced in the liver. Co-Q10 is found in almost every cell in the body and is responsible for energy production in your muscles. Taking statins can often leave people feeling lethergic and low on energy, GPs are increasingly recommending that people take a Coenzyme Q10 supplement to combat this issue.
Santo Domingo, March 21st 2017. The Dominican Republic, followed by Nicaragua, has the highest rate of Forced Marriage and Relationships among girls in Latin American and the Caribbean. The findings come from a study prepared by Plan International Dominican Republic (Plan DR), using data from the provinces of Azua, Barahona, San Juan, Pedernales, and Elías Piña. “Forced child marriage is one in which at least one of the two spouse is a boy or girl, and it’s held without the full and free consent of at least one of the spouses. According to the Convention on the Rights of the Child, a boy / girl is any person under the age of 18 years,” affirmed Raquel Casares, of Plan DR. According to the data from ENHOGAR MICS 2014 in the Dominican Republic, 12.5% of Dominican women between the ages of 20 and 49 years old, were married or united with their partners before the age of 15; 37% were married or united before turning 18. Currently, one out of every 5 adolescent girls between the ages of 15 to 19 is married or in a relationship with a man 10 years older. “Although many people may think that a girl that is married or is in a relationship is because she has free choice, the study found that this liberty is not present. Forced Child Marriage is the result of domestic violence, the expectation of emancipation, or the opportunity of negotiation that families establish as an opportunity to escape poverty,” said Jeannette Tineo, author of the investigation. Also, the study found that Forced Child Marriage has a very strong link to teenage pregnancy: “Of the 10 girls and adolescents’ s married to adult men that were interviewed, seven were pregnant when they got married,” Tineo said. To address this problem, Plan International DR proposes a Public Policy initiative to that the State can strengthen the protection girls and adolescents. “We demand congressional review of the Civil Code to raise the minimum age of marriage or free union to 18 years of age for both sexes, without exception,” said Casares. Plan International DR will work closely together with the communities in the study, youth groups, and various committees of Congress to ensure that this proposed change in legislation becomes a reality. “The Dominican Estate must honor the international commitments it has signed in the field of protection of the children, putting an end to the impunity of the aggressors who are taking refuge in a marriage, and providing opportunities for girls to develop a worthy life project”.
Photo: blueforce4116 (flickr) Now days we all know the earth is round, but there was a time when the earth was thought to be flat. Until the third century B.C. it was generally accepted that the world was flat, that was until a multi-talented man named Eratosthenes came across an interesting discovery. After reading that at noon on the 21st of June, pillars in the Egyptian town of Syrene cast no shadows, Eratosthenes decided to replicate the scenario in his town of Alexandria. He was perplexed when a stick held vertically there DID cast a shadow at noon. If the earth was indeed flat, all shadows should be the same, whether created by a pillar in Syrene or a stick in Alexandria. However, if the earth was curved, the shadows would change lengths depending on how far north or south you are, just as Eratosthenes guessed. To visualize this, imagine a sheet of paper with two toothpicks stuck in it, several inches apart, and a lamp shining down from overhead. Neither toothpick casts a shadow. However, bend the paper at one end, and the tilted toothpick will create a shadow. The more you bend it, the longer the shadow.
- 1 What is a synagogue member called? - 2 What is the most sacred part of the synagogue? - 3 What are the scrolls in a synagogue? - 4 What should I wear to a synagogue? - 5 What was the synagogue used for in Jesus time? - 6 What is the most sacred place on earth? - 7 What religion is the synagogue? - 8 Why is the synagogue so important? - 9 What are the two types of synagogue? - 10 Why do Torah scrolls have to be handwritten? - 11 What does Shabbat Shalom mean? - 12 Do you take your shoes off in a synagogue? - 13 What do you do in a synagogue? - 14 Do you have to cover your head in a synagogue? What is a synagogue member called? The service. Synagogue services can be led by a rabbi, a cantor or a member of the congregation. Traditional Jewish worship requires a minyan (a quorum of ten adult males) to take place. What is the most sacred part of the synagogue? The Ark is reminiscent of the Ark of the Covenant, which held the tablets inscribed with the Ten Commandments. This is the holiest spot in a synagogue, equivalent to the Holy of Holies. The Ark is often closed with an ornate curtain, the parochet פרוכת, which hangs outside or inside the ark doors. What are the scrolls in a synagogue? A Torah scroll is a ritual object made for worship in a synagogue. It must contain all five books of Moses or it is invalid. What should I wear to a synagogue? Basic Attire In some synagogues, it is customary for people to wear formal attire to any prayer service (suits for men and dresses or pants suits for women). Since a synagogue is a house of worship it is generally advisable to wear “nice clothes” to a prayer service or other lifecycle event, such as a Bar Mitzvah. What was the synagogue used for in Jesus time? As the Gospels report, it was Jesus’s custom to attend synagogue gatherings on the Sabbath (Luke 4:16), and it was also the primary venue for his teaching and preaching activities outside of Jerusalem (Mark 1:38; Matt 4:23; Luke 4:14–15, 43–44; John 18:20). What is the most sacred place on earth? The 7 Most Sacred Places in the World - Jerusalem. Jerusalem is one of the oldest cities on the planet. - Kashi Vishwanath Temple, India. - Lourdes, France. - Mahabodhi Temple, India. - Mecca, Saudi Arabia. - Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park, Australia. - Mount Sinai, Egypt. What religion is the synagogue? Synagogue, also spelled synagog, in Judaism, a community house of worship that serves as a place not only for liturgical services but also for assembly and study. Why is the synagogue so important? The synagogue is the central point for life as a Jewish community- it is where many rites of passages take place. It is important as a place of study e.g. it is where a young boy/girl will learn Hebrew and study the Torah in preparation for their bar/bat mitzvahs. What are the two types of synagogue? Orthodox and Reform synagogues - There are certain differences between Orthodox and Reform synagogues. - Traditionally, men and women were separated during worship in the synagogue. - In Orthodox synagogues, men and women are still separated and will sit in different parts of the synagogue for the service. Why do Torah scrolls have to be handwritten? The Torah scrolls are entirely handwritten in Hebrew by a sofer (scribe) on parchment from a kosher animal. This is usually a cow. This demonstrates just how symbolically and physically important the Torah is to Jews. What does Shabbat Shalom mean? When Jews say “Shabbat shalom – Sabbath peace ” to family and friends after a draining work week, we mean far more than “have a peaceful and restful day.” What we are really saying is: May you be restored to wholeness on the blessed Sabbath! Do you take your shoes off in a synagogue? As such, in many mandirs and mosques, as well as in churches and synagogues of the Indian subcontinent and Middle East, it is customary for worshippers to remove their shoes before entering a house of worship, where they believe they are entering into the presence of the divine. What do you do in a synagogue? A synagogue is a place of worship, gathering and education about the Jewish faith. On the outside of the building there is a Star of David and often a menorah. The main prayers happen in the prayer hall, which is usually rectangular with seats on three sides facing inwards. Do you have to cover your head in a synagogue? Liberal or Reform Jews see the covering of the head as optional. Most Jews will cover their heads when praying, attending the synagogue or at a religious event or festival. Wearing a skullcap is seen as a sign of devoutness. Women also cover their heads by wearing a scarf or a hat.
Definition of jurisdiction 1 : the power, right, or authority to interpret and apply the law <a matter that falls within the court's jurisdiction> 2a : the authority of a sovereign power to govern or legislateb : the power or right to exercise authority : control 3 : the limits or territory within which authority may be exercised jurisdictionalplay \ˌju̇r-əs-ˈdik-shnəl, -shə-nəl\ adjective Examples of jurisdiction in a sentence The court has jurisdiction over most criminal offenses. His attorney claimed the court lacked jurisdiction in this matter. The matter falls outside the jurisdiction of this court. territory under the jurisdiction of the federal government He was arrested in another jurisdiction. Did You Know? Questions of jurisdiction are generally technical legal matters. The most important ones include which court will hear a given case and which law-enforcement agency can get involved. But although they may seem like mere technicalities, jurisdictional matters sometimes turn out to be all-important in the final outcome. Jurisdiction may depend on where you are (for example, in which state), on who you are (if you're a juvenile, for example, you may only be tried in juvenile court), and on what the subject is (for example, cases involving the estate left by someone who has died are dealt with in probate court). Origin and Etymology of jurisdiction Middle English jurisdiccioun, from Anglo-French & Latin; Anglo-French jurisdiction, from Latin jurisdiction-, jurisdictio, from juris + diction-, dictio act of saying — more at diction First Known Use: 14th century Synonym Discussion of jurisdiction JURISDICTION Defined for English Language Learners Definition of jurisdiction for English Language Learners : the power or right to make judgments about the law, to arrest and punish criminals, etc. : the power or right to govern an area : an area within which a particular system of laws is used Legal Definition of jurisdiction 1 : the power, right, or authority to interpret, apply, and declare the law (as by rendering a decision) <to be removed to the State having jurisdiction of the crime — U.S. Constitution art. IV> <a court of competent jurisdiction> — see also situs, International Shoe Co. v. Washington — compare venue Editor's note: Jurisdiction determines which court system should properly adjudicate a case. Questions of jurisdiction also arise regarding quasi-judicial bodies (as administrative agencies) in their decision-making capacities. alienage jurisdiction : jurisdiction granted to federal courts over civil disputes between a state or citizen and a foreign state or citizens or subjects of a foreign state ancillary jurisdiction : jurisdiction giving a court the power to adjudicate claims (as counterclaims and cross-claims) because they arise from a cause of action over which the court has original jurisdiction; specifically : supplemental jurisdiction acquired by a federal court allowing it to adjudicate claims that are based on state law but that form part of a case brought to the court under its diversity jurisdiction — compare pendent jurisdiction in this entry Editor's note: Ancillary jurisdiction allows a single court to decide an entire case instead of dividing the claims among several courts and proceedings, and allows a federal court to decide a claim that would otherwise be properly brought to a state court. appellate jurisdiction : the jurisdiction granted to particular courts to hear appeals of the decisions of lower tribunals and to reverse, affirm, or modify those decisions — compare original jurisdiction in this entry concurrent jurisdiction : jurisdiction that is shared by different courts and that may allow for removal <two states may have concurrent jurisdiction over crimes committed on boundary rivers — W. R. LaFave and A. W. Scott, Jr.>consent jurisdiction : jurisdiction granted by consent of the parties diversity jurisdiction : the jurisdiction granted to federal courts over civil disputes involving parties having diverse citizenship (as in being from different states) where the matter in controversy exceeds a statutory amount (as $75,000) Editor's note: The diversity jurisdiction of the district courts requires that there be complete diversity of the parties, which means that no party on one side has the same citizenship as a party on the other side. Interpleader in federal district courts, however, requires only minimal diversity, which means that at least one party has citizenship that differs from the others. The federal courts have traditionally refused to exercise their diversity jurisdiction over cases involving domestic relations and probate. exclusive jurisdiction : jurisdiction granted only to a particular court to the exclusion of others <federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction over bankruptcy cases> federal question jurisdiction : the jurisdiction granted to federal courts over civil actions arising under the Constitution, federal laws, or treaties of the U.S. : federal jurisdiction over cases involving a federal question — see also well-pleaded complaint rule Editor's note: The federal courts have usually interpreted the statutory phrase “arising under” rather strictly. U.S. Supreme Court decisions have held that the plaintiff's pleading must establish that the cause of action raises an issue of federal law (as by depending on construction or application of a federal law). general jurisdiction : jurisdiction that is not limited (as to a particular class of cases); specifically : the personal jurisdiction granted a court over a party allowing the court to adjudicate a cause of action that does not arise out of or is not related to the party's contacts within the territory of that court in personam jurisdiction \ˌin-pər-ˈsō-nəm-, -per-ˈsō-näm-\ : the jurisdiction granted a court over persons before it that allows the court to issue a binding judgment : personal jurisdiction in this entry in rem jurisdiction \in-ˈrem-\ : the jurisdiction granted a court over property that allows the court to issue binding judgments (as an order for partition) affecting a person's interests in the property — compare personal jurisdiction in this entry jurisdiction in personam : in personam jurisdiction in this entry jurisdiction in rem : in rem jurisdiction in this entry limited jurisdiction : jurisdiction that is restricted (as to a type of case) original jurisdiction : the jurisdiction granted a court to try a case in the first instance, make findings of fact, and render a usually appealable decision <the district courts shall have original jurisdiction of all civil actions arising under the Constitution, laws, or treaties of the United States — U.S. Code> pendent jurisdiction : supplemental jurisdiction that allows a federal court to adjudicate state law claims which form part of a case that was brought to it under its federal question jurisdiction; also : pendent party jurisdiction in this entry — compare ancillary jurisdiction in this entry pendent party jurisdiction : supplemental jurisdiction that allows a federal court to adjudicate a state law claim asserted against a third party which is part of a case brought to it under its original jurisdiction personal jurisdiction : the jurisdiction granted a court over the parties before it that allows it to issue a binding judgment — see also doing business statute, fair play and substantial justice, long-arm statute, minimum contacts — compare subject matter jurisdiction in this entry Editor's note: The U.S. Supreme Court has held in a series of decisions that the exercise of personal jurisdiction must meet the requirements of due process and must not violate notions of fair play and substantial justice. The constitutional standard to determine whether a party is subject to the personal jurisdiction of a court is whether that party has had minimum contacts within the territory (as a state) of that court. primary jurisdiction : the jurisdiction granted by a judicially created doctrine to an administrative agency to decide certain controversies initially before relief is sought in the courts — compare exhaustion of remedies quasi in rem jurisdiction : the jurisdiction of a court over a person which is based on the person's interests in property under the court's jurisdiction and which allows the court to issue a binding judgment against the person — see also sequestration — compare personal jurisdiction in this entry specific jurisdiction : personal jurisdiction granted a court over a party that allows it to adjudicate only a cause of action that arises out of or is related to the party's contacts within the territory of that court — compare general jurisdiction in this entry subject matter jurisdiction : the jurisdiction of a court over the subject, type, or cause of action of a case that allows the court to issue a binding judgment <housing court lacks subject matter jurisdiction to adjudicate fraudulent conveyance actions — National Law Journal> — compare personal jurisdiction in this entry Editor's note: Diversity jurisdiction, federal question jurisdiction, and jurisdiction over admiralty and bankruptcy cases are examples of the federal courts' subject matter jurisdiction. Subject matter jurisdiction is generally established by statute. supplemental jurisdiction : jurisdiction granted federal courts over claims that could not be heard in a federal court on their own but that are so closely related to claims over which the court has original jurisdiction that they form part of the same case — see also ancillary jurisdiction and pendent jurisdiction in this entry Editor's note: Supplemental jurisdiction was created by a federal statute that codified the judicially created doctrines of ancillary and pendent jurisdiction. 2 : the authority (as of a state) to govern or legislate <the trade bill was within the Ways and Means committee's jurisdiction> <whether a foreign state shall be subject to the jurisdiction of another>; broadly : the power or right to exercise authority <the department of consumer affairs has jurisdiction over such complaints> 3 : the limits or territory within which authority may be exercised <no new State shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other State — U.S. Constitution art. IV> —called also territorial jurisdiction jurisdictional\-shə-nəl\ play adjective Origin and Etymology of jurisdiction Latin jurisdictio, from juris, genitive of jus law + dictio act of saying, from dicere to say Learn More about jurisdiction See words that rhyme with jurisdiction Thesaurus: All synonyms and antonyms for jurisdiction Spanish Central: Translation of jurisdiction Nglish: Translation of jurisdiction for Spanish speakers Britannica English: Translation of jurisdiction for Arabic speakers Britannica.com: Encyclopedia article about jurisdiction Seen and Heard What made you want to look up jurisdiction? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible).
The Lessons Walt Disney Learned Still Apply Today By Stephen Schochet Contrary to popular belief, Walt Disney spent more time as a struggler than a success. Described at a various times as a visionary and a genius there were actually many occasions he could not foresee the results of his ideas, and they nearly brought him to financial ruin. Yet the lessons he learned through the years are useful and timeless. 1) Ownership is key: Early in his career, Walt created a character on behalf of Universal Studios named Oswald the Rabbit. When he tried to negotiate better payments for himself, Walt was informed that Universal had the copyright on the character and he was entitled to no compensation. From then on Walt owned everything he created. 2) Have passion for your product: Walt worked three long years on Snow White and The Seven Dwarfs (1937) which was originally budgeted at a $500,000 an extraordinary amount considering the average cartoon in the 1930s cost $10,000. His competitors, his wife and his brother all predicted Disney would be ruined. During the filming, Walt was plagued with both health and financial problems as Snow White ran way over budget. Needing an additional half million to complete the picture, he acted out the story in front of a tough-minded banker and got the loan he needed. The result was a classic that made $8,000,000 at a time when movie tickets cost 25 cents for adults and a dime for kids. 3) Make timeless products: Pinocchio (1940), Fantasia (1940) and Bambi (1942) all failed in their first releases. World War II cut off international distribution. The national mood turned away from public sentiment. Disney plunged four million into debt and it looked like Bank Of America would cut off his line of credit. In a dramatic meeting, the founder of the bank, A.P. Giannini stood up and told the board members that Disney made great movies and that the war would not last forever. They voted unanimously to keep Disney afloat after the old man's speech. He was proven right years later when all three films became profitable classics. 4) Test market: Walt could not get distribution on the first of his nature films (1949). After several frustrating months watching it sit on the shelf, he found one movie theater in Pasadena willing to show it. Seal Island, achieved full distribution, won the academy award for best short subject and led to a series of highly popular nature films. 5) Sometimes you need to pull the plug: Walt was determined to have a circus at Disneyland despite his staff's advice not to. The idea failed. A pretty trapeze artist lost her top while performing in front of the kiddies helpless to prevent it. The camels kept spitting into the crowd. The llamas got loose and ran down Main Street scattering customers every which way. More than one performance of this poorly attended venture ended with Walt burying his face in his hands. He decided to kill it. By learning lessons from each of his entrepreneurial attempts, Walt always moved forward, which is a timeless business model Want to hear more stories? Stephen Schochet is the author and narrator of the audiobooks "Fascinating Walt Disney" and "Tales Of Hollywood". The Saint Louis Post Dispatch says," these two elaborate productions are exceptionally entertaining." Hear MP3 samples:
STOCKHOLM—It’s boating season in northern Europe but boat maintenance on land is a serious source of pollution, according to a recent Swedish report. Boat owners, boat clubs, and property owners need to find new, more environmentally friendly methods for boat maintenance, it says. The report, written by scientists at Uppsala University, stresses the need for better regulations when it comes to scraping and painting your boat on land, in order to reduce the negative impact on the environment and human health. Since the 50s, the use of chemicals has increased, and studies show high levels of copper, zinc, lead, mercury, cadmium, and tributyltin (TBT) in the environment. “A lot of these toxic substances come from anti-fouling paint,” Britta Eklund said, one of the authors of the report. “People have been using paints that leak toxic substances for decades and when scraping or sanding the boats they end up in the ground.” According to the report, the guideline value for sensitive use on land for copper was exceeded by 100 times. The figure for lead was 180 times and mercury 450 times. But metals are not the only problem; the measurements for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) exceeded by 2,000 times, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) by 500 times. However, a particular cause for concern, according to Eklund, are the high levels of TBT. “In my opinion, the most acute problem is the tributyltin,” she said. “Despite the fact that TBT has been banned in Sweden and the rest of the European Union since 1989, TBT is still being released during boat maintenance. We believe it’s being released when older paint layers are scraped off. TBT is highly toxic even at low concentrations and has hormone disruptive properties, affecting reproduction. Damage to the immune system has also been observed in mammals.” David Langlet, one of the other authors of the report, says that property owners need to carefully consider what kind of demands they want to make on boat owners when using their land for marinas and boat stands. “The most important thing right now is that responsibility issues about boat stands need to be settled,” Britta Eklund said. “The next step is looking at what can be done and make improvements for the future.” All toxic substances found in the ground may constitute a serious health hazard for both humans and other living organisms, as they exceed the guideline levels by many times. Rainfall can also release the substances into nearby waters, ruining entire ecosystems. “An important step toward solving these environmental problems is putting a stop to the use of anti-fouling paints that leak toxic substances,” Eklund said. “For the Baltic Sea in particular, I don’t see the need for toxic substances to keep the boats free of fouling organisms. There are several mechanical alternatives,” she added. Non-toxic alternatives to anti-fouling paint are now available, but there will still be a need for handling the scrapings of the older paints in an environmentally friendly way.
Powder coating conductive high-heat-resistant plastic parts on the same line with metal parts Plastics are used for a variety of parts from mobile telephones to automotive body panels. However, powder coating has not been the finish of choice primarily because of the challenges involved in the non-conductivity and temperature resistance of these materials. That is about to change. This article discusses a new plastic resin that is not only conductive, but also heat resistant to more than 400 degrees F. The article discusses how this development will now allow powder coaters to finish both plastic and metal parts on the same line. Powder coating is a fast-growing technology due mainly to its environmental benefits, particularly the elimination of solvents and related compounds that are emitted into the air in conventional liquid paint. Powder coating has traditionally been used with metal substrates; however, the need for greater design freedom has led to industry demand for technologies suitable for plastic substrates.
Several astronauts who have seen Earth from space have had profoundly awakening spiritual experiences. Here’s four of them. Seeing Earth from space will cause you to lose your shit. Just ask any of the astronauts who have. In Plato’s Phaedo, Socrates said that if you could see the Earth from space, you would recognize “that is the real heaven and the real light and the real earth.” Your eyes, no longer bound to the horizon, see the Earth both from space and in space. Your whole perspective shifts. What was once the endless expanse of blue sky now appears to be just a thin halo surrounding the planet. You can now see above the clouds to the changing atmosphere, raging thunderstorms, and auroras of the Northern and Southern hemispheres. One half of the planet turns dark and the continents light up with networks of cities. Everything appears interconnected. This view of Earth has only been in popular awareness since 1968, when the first color photographs were taken on the Apollo missions. It represents a major shift in consciousness. Twenty years earlier, the British Astronomer Fred Hoyle said that a photograph of Earth would be “a new idea as powerful as any in history.” Only around 500 astronauts have ever witnessed this view first hand. For some of these astronauts, seeing the Earth was a profound, life-changing, and outright mystical experience. Below, four astronauts recount their experiences of seeing Earth from space, and the profound effect it had on their perception. 1. Edgar Mitchell The late Edgar Mitchell seems to have been the most vocal about his experience of seeing Earth from above. His experience left a profound spiritual impact on him. It was so impactful that he founded the Institute of Noetic Sciences in the Sonoma Valley, an institute that conducts research into meditation, consciousness and human potential. On his experience of seeing Earth from space, Mitchell said: “That’s a powerful experience, to see Earth rise over the surface [of the Moon]. And I suddenly realized that the molecules in my body, and the molecules in the spacecraft and my partners had been prototyped, maybe even manufactured, in some ancient generation of stars. But instead of being an intellectual experience, it was a personal feeling… And that was accompanied by a sense of joy and ecstasy, which caused me to say ‘What is this?’ It was only after I came back that I did the research and found that the term in ancient Sanskrit was Samadhi.” 2. Russell L. Schweickart Schweickart flew on the Apollo 9 mission. Recounting his experience of looking down at Earth, he said: “You identify with Houston and you identify with New Orleans… And that whole process of what it is you identify with begins to shift. When you go around the Earth in an hour and a half, you begin to recognize that your identity is with that whole thing. That makes a change. You look down there and you can’t imagine how many border and boundaries you cross… and you don’t even see them. There you are—hundreds of people in the Mideast killing each other over some imaginary line that you’re not even aware of and you can’t see.” (Via The Overview Effect) 3. Wubbo Ockels Ockel was the first Dutch citizen in space. He passed away last month. Before dying, he composed an open letter calling for sustainable energy solutions. The letter testifies to the spiritual impact his experience as an astronaut left on him: “We are not bees who unconsciously build a bee colony… We are not neurons that are not aware that they altogether think. No, we are intelligent beings that indeed can see and observe the behavior of our community. We are well aware of where our Humanity is heading. We can lead Humanity into a better direction if we act together. With a new believe in Humanity we can create a new religion that brings us all together. “There are many Religions who get people together, but never all people. The different gods in whom people believe separate Humanity… This separation has led to many conflicts… These religions do not unify humanity with the earth. They [are] not sustainable. But if we believe in the holistic Humanity we will have no conflicts because we will be inseparable… The God of humanity is in each of us. This God is not outside of us. We cannot hide behind this God because it is us.” (Via) 4. Col. Chris Hadfield Check out Colonel Chris Hadfield discuss his incredible experience seeing the Earth from space, and how he suddenly understood the entire world as a single system. Having a vision of the interconnectedness of all life—even to the point of having a spiritual experience—seems to be a regular part of taking a trip to space and taking a look back. Here, Hadfield explains his shock at seeing the effects of climate change… and his fervent message that we must find an immediate way to deal with it. Of course, if you’re interested in catalyzing profound spiritual experiences, you don’t need to go all the way to space and back—all you have to do is practice the tried-and-true techniques of mysticism that have been developed down here on Earth. Even Edgar Mitchell knew this, and devoted much of his life after his trip to the moon to studying mysticism, yoga and psychic and paranormal phenomena. Luckily, you’ve come to the right place: Ultraculture has a free book and course on learning mysticism, magic and meditation—check it out here and blast off to experiences just as incredible or more incredible than the ones the astronauts had! (Image via Wikimedia Commons.)
Conferences of the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States – SIDS Small island developing states (SIDS) and coastal areas are uniquely vulnerable to climate change impacts and other environmental pressures. This was recognized by the UN General Assembly (UNGA) in 1989, when it passed resolution 44/206 on the possible adverse effects of sea-level rise on islands and low-lying coastal areas. The 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development (Earth Summit), held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, brought the special case of small island developing states (SIDS) to international attention when it adopted Agenda 21, a programme of action for sustainable development. SIDS rely on a narrow resource base, depend on imports, face high energy costs, are highly vulnerable to natural disasters, and have fragile environments. To address these realities, Chapter 17 of Agenda 21 called for convening a global conference on the sustainable development of SIDS. The first UN Conference on the Sustainable Development of SIDS was held in Barbados in 1994 and adopted the Barbados Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of SIDS. Subsequent global conferences were held in Mauritius in 2005 and in Samoa in 2014.
What are the Chances of Surviving an Aortic Aneurysm? Previously, due to lack of proper medical facilities, the survival rate of an aortic aneurysm was quite low making it a fatal disease. Nowadays, with the medical advancement the survival rates of the patients with aortic aneurysm have improved considerably. The relative rate of survival has gone up to 87 percent. Although early detection may increase the chances of survival, it is seen that the patients who have undergone surgery for a ruptured aortic aneurysm lived on an average of five years post-surgery. How is the Screening Of Aortic Aneurysm Done? It is not really possible to prevent the occurrence of aortic aneurysm if a patient is at high risk of it, but if diagnosed early the treatment options may help stop the growth of the aortic aneurysm and further prevent it from rupturing. Since aortic aneurysm may not show up definite symptoms initially, it is important for the patient to go for routine screening. The doctor may ask a patient to go for routine screening in case- Smoking Habit: The patient has a habit of smoking and falls in the age range of around 65 years to 75 years. Family History: The patient has a history of aneurysm running in his family line. This is because heredity plays an important role in developing aortic aneurysm. Screening tests may sometimes prove to be beneficial in early diagnosis of the aortic aneurysm disease so that proper care can be taken at the earliest. How to Manage Life with Aortic Aneurysm? Once an aortic aneurysm is diagnosed, the patient should become cautious about his health in order to prevent the rapid growth and rupture of the aneurysm. Treatment Plan: If the patient is diagnosed to have aortic aneurysm it is important that he follows the treatment plan without fail. A condition like this should never be underestimated as an emergency condition may prove to be fatal. Thus, medical care should be provided as soon as possible and patient should properly follow the procedures. Take Medicines: The medicines prescribed by the doctor should be taken as mentioned. Such medicines primarily aim at keeping the patient’s B.P or blood pressure level at check removing any form of pressure from the blood vessels and aorta. This is important as it helps in lowering the risk of the rupture of the aortic aneurysm, which is dangerous. Restrictions: The patient may be asked to stop lifting heavy materials and avoid any kind of work that may demand physical exertion. The patient may have to switch jobs in case the job requires any form of lifting heavy weights. Stress Management: Stress management is essentially important for a patient with aortic aneurysm. Stress may increase the pressure in the blood vessels, which may further damage them making the aortic aneurysm more susceptible to rupture. This, any form of emotional crisis should be controlled and avoided as much as possible. Care takers should be primarily responsible for this. Lifestyle Changes: In case a patient is diagnosed with a small aortic aneurysm, the doctor may not prescribe any definite medical treatment for this. Nevertheless, the patient should be cautious because aortic aneurysms tend to grow at a very fast rate without showing up any symptoms. Thus few changes in the mode of lifestyle of the patient should be brought. - What are the Odds of Surviving a Brain Aneurysm? - Can an Aortic Dissection Heal On Its Own? - How Long Can You Live With A Brain Aneurysm?
challenges and difficulties He is very self-conscious and has a great need for ego-affirmation and praise. Expressing himself freely and openly is not easy for Wittgenstein. Ludwig Wittgenstein tends to work hard at playing and "having fun", rather than being light-hearted and spontaneous. Developing self-love and self-acceptance regardless of his "performance" is an important task for Ludwig. His attitude toward religion, philosophy, and politics is very conservative and possibly narrow or rigid. On the one hand, Ludwig Wittgenstein may believe in nothing that is speculative or intangible, requiring proof for any idea presented to him. Each idea is thoroughly and systematically examined. On the other hand, Ludwig may tenaciously cling to his grand philosophical or metaphysical beliefs and opinions, refusing to modify them or to be open and receptive to others' insights and perspectives. His overall outlook on life is serious, and Ludwig Wittgenstein may feel that life or God will punish him if he does not watch his steps! Wittgenstein works quietly to get ahead, but may have to work harder than others to gain recognition for his efforts. Reserved and shy, Ludwig Wittgenstein tends to build a wall between himself and others and he seems to be more receptive to older and mature people. Ludwig wants to go his own way and tends to withdraw into himself. He prefers to be alone and tends to cut himself off from other people. Ludwig Wittgenstein could be a bit too serious and conservative. Now we will discuss patterns of behavior which Ludwig Wittgenstein instinctively and habitually reverts to when under stress - a mostly subconscious process that he is apt to over indulge in because it is so familiar and hence easy for him. The direction Ludwig Wittgenstein needs to follow in order to develop balance, greater awareness, and wholeness is also described. When under stress, Ludwig Wittgenstein is apt to shut off the flow of his emotions and ignore his needs and feelings in order to do what he perceives as his duty or simply what the practical realities of the situation dictate. This can lead to a certain rigidity and inflexibility. If overdone, self-control, self-discipline, or an exaggerated concern over what society, family or others expect of him, makes life more of a burden than an adventure. Fostering his tender, caring, feminine, and nurturing aspects is an important step in Ludwig Wittgenstein's growth. Ludwig Wittgenstein needs to learn how to nourish and lovingly tend to both himself and others. Letting himself be taken care of sometimes is okay! It is in relationships that are more than superficial or casual - in particular in cases where Ludwig Wittgenstein has merged emotionally, legally, or financially with another person - that he is most likely to wrestle with these issues. Wittgenstein will see these issues arise in close partnerships of any kind, especially when there is a mutual dependency involved. Dealing with in-laws, inheritances, and legal matters involving joint custody, shared assets, and resources is also a part of this. Ludwig Wittgenstein has a strong desire to acquire a leading position in his community. Although he is very capable of assuming leadership, Ludwig also has a tendency to impose his will upon others. But in spite of that, he is likely to be successful. Astrological factors in this Astro Profile section: Saturn in Leo Saturn in 9th house Saturn Opposition Sun/Asc. Saturn Conjunct N. Node/MC N. Node in Cancer N. Node in 8th house N. Node Conjunct Mars/MC
Which Joe gave his name to ‘sloppy joes’? We look at five interesting sandwiches and their lexical origins. The hollow muscular organ forming an air passage to the lungs and holding the vocal cords in humans and other mammals; the voice box. - ‘We did the lungs, the heart, the thymus gland, the larynx, and the mouth today.’ - ‘Elastic cartilage forms your outer ear and part of your larynx (voicebox).’ - ‘Cancer of various organs, not only the lung, but also the larynx, bladder and oesophagus.’ - ‘Smoking is a risk factor for cancer of the lung, mouth, larynx, bladder, kidney and several other organs.’ - ‘The larynx is the ‘voicebox’, the organ in the neck that plays a crucial role in speech and breathing.’ Late 16th century: modern Latin, from Greek larunx. We take a look at several popular, though confusing, punctuation marks. From Afghanistan to Zimbabwe, discover surprising and intriguing language facts from around the globe. The definitions of ‘buddy’ and ‘bro’ in the OED have recently been revised. We explore their history and increase in popularity.
Multiple-choice Choose Single Answer – Read the text and answer the multiple-choice question by selecting the correct response. This item type that assesses reading skills. It requires test takers to read, analyze, understand and assess a short text on an academic subject and choose a single correct response. You Might Also Be Interested In: PTE Practice Test- Multiple Choice-single Answer 1. Read the passage and answer the following question. Grossly misunderstood and represented as a revolutionary, liberal, Romantic, and bohemian artist, Rembrandt has lived for over 400 years now through his art. During this time period, many views and opinions have oscillated from praise to scathing remarks and vice versa. The extent of Rembrandt’s fame can be understood by the following incident: in the year 1670, the Sicilian collector Antonio Ruffo received a letter from the artist Abraham Breughel with a request to get some original masterpieces from Italy. Ruffo had to apologize stating that no painter had been able to exhibit an ability to paint as extraordinary as Rembrandt, who had already died by then. Ques 1. Which of the following, most accurately summarizes the opinion of the author in the text? [A]. He tried to prove that Rembrandt has not been completely understood by the critics. [B]. the effect of unemployment on United States families. [C]. He tried to portray that even though Rembrandt was highly regarded in the art world, his prowess and mettle was understood by only a few. [D]. Rembrandt never believed in self-praise and publicizing, rather he was a silent artist. Show Correct Answer >>> RECOMMENDED: PTE Academic Reading MCQ-single Answer Question Bank 2. Read the passage and answer the following question. Theories are divided about the cause of the Permian mass extinctions. Some hypothesize that the impact of a massive asteroid caused a sudden disappearance of species. However, a look at the carbon – isotope record suggests that existing plant communities were struck down and re-found several times. To produce such a pattern would require a succession of asteroid strikes thousands of years apart. Other theorists have proposed that volcanic explosions raised the Corban dioxide level leading to intense global warming. One problem with this theory is that it cannot explain the massive marine extinctions at the end of the Permian period. A new theory posits that rising concentrations of toxic hydrogen sulphide in the world’s oceans plus gradual oxygen depletion in the surface waters caused the extinctions in the surface waters caused the extinctions. Fortunately, this theory is testable. If true, oceanic sediments from the Permian period would yield chemical evidence of a rise in hydrogen sulphide – consuming bacteria. Ques 2. The primary purpose of the passage is to [A]. present several hypotheses concerning the cause of the Permian mass extinctions [B]. discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the asteroid hypothesis of the Permian mass extinctions [C]. propose that theories regarding the cause of the Permian mass extinctions be tested. [D]. argue that Permian mass extinctions could not have been caused by a volcanic explosion. Show Correct Answer >>> To stay updated, like us on Facebook.
Estate taxes are taxes levied on the value of an estate when it is passed to heirs upon the death of its owner. Estate taxes are often informally referred to as death taxes or a death tax. The entire value of an estate is not taxed which is why most Americans never have to pay estate taxes. Calculating the taxable portion of an estate is a complicated task usually taken on by the executor of an estate, a person named in the decedent's will. In the simplest terms, the taxable value of an estate is the gross value of all assets within the estate upon the death of its owner, plus life insurance proceeds, minus outstanding liabilities and the cost of settling the estate. From the resulting value allowable deductions can be made and a well-planned estate is able to minimize the tax owed through the proper applications of these deductions. When an estate includes the assets from a family farm and/or a family business, higher deductions are available. Many estates, upon the death of one spouse, will transfer, tax free, all assets to the surviving spouse, so long as he or she is a U.S. citizen. The question of estate taxes is, in this way, postponed only to arise again upon the death of the surviving spouse. Recent changes in tax law have reduced the small number of estates subject to federal estate taxes. In fact, in 2006 less than 1 percent of all U.S. estates will be liable for federal estate taxes, leaving 99 percent able, if necessary, to pass on all of their assets to heirs on a federal tax-free basis. State taxes on inherited property are another subject. Each state assesses its own estate tax. ESTATE TAX HISTORY Many experiments with transfer taxes were undertaken before the Federal government enacted the Revenue Act of 1916, which introduced the modern-day income tax and also contained an estate tax with many features of today's system. The act was signed into law during a period of buildup to World War I. This was a time of growing budget deficits. There was also a general concern about the risks posed to a democracy by large concentrations of wealth, the era of the robber baron being very much in the lifetime of those governing at the time. The estate tax rose almost immediately as the U.S. entered World War I. It continued rising thereafter and reached a top rate of 77 percent for the largest estates during the depression of the 1930s. The rates and the sizes of the estates affected by those rates fluctuated throughout much of the century. During the late 1960s and early 1970s tax reformers were focused on trying to close the many tax loopholes that had evolved over time. These efforts culminated in a 1976 tax bill that rewrote estate taxation, and established the system we had for the rest of the 20th century. CURRENT TAX RATES In 2001 the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act (EGTRRA) was enacted. This act introduced tax reductions across the board and in particular a phased reduction of the estate and gift tax. The new law increases estate tax exemption levels also called unified credits. The exemption level provides all Americans with the ability to pass on to their heirs the first X number of dollars in their estate, X being the government established exemption amount for that year. EGTRRA calls for an increase in the exemption rate every two years—from 1 million in 2003 to 3.5 million in 2009. Then, in 2010, the estate tax is completely abolished for one year. EGTRRA also gradually reduces the top marginal federal estate tax rate to a low of 45 percent in 2009. It is the "sunset" provision of the act which is most striking. In 2011, unless Congress votes to repeal the tax altogether, or establish new tax rates, estate and gift laws will revert to their pre-EGTRRA form. The very unusual single-year abolition of federal estate taxes in 2010 has led to many jokes along the lines of the one in the title of a 2006 Money magazine article: "Could You Please Die Sometime in 2010?" This law has been highly controversial and there is much uncertainly surrounding what will happen with estate and gift taxes after 2010. Congress was scheduled to vote on a permanent repeal of the estate tax in 2005 but the measure was tabled in the wake of devastating hurricanes that hit along the Gulf Coast in the summer. Although no legislation has been passed as of early 2006 to address the post-2010 period, most analysts believe that EGTRRA will not be allowed to "sunset" and that some new legislation will be enacted before the end of 2010. Writing in the Virginia Tax Review in 2002, Karen C. Burke described the situation this way: "Virtually no one expects to see the estate tax in its current form spring back into force in 2011. Instead, the 2001 Act is best viewed as an unstable truce between two contending political camps: on one hand, the root-and-branch tax-cutters who are determined to abolish the estate tax permanently, in several strokes if the goal cannot be achieved all at once; and on the other hand, skeptics who concede the need for estate tax reform but balk at outright repeal. Both camps have introduced bills staking out their respective positions, and the outcome of the battle over the future of the estate tax remains uncertain." ARGUMENTS FOR AND AGAINST THE ESTATE TAX The vast majority of Americans never have to pay estate taxes. This may be hard to believe based on the vehemence with which the subject is debated. The positions taken in favor of and against an estate tax tend to rest upon deeply held beliefs. How somebody answers the following questions is a sure predictor of where that person stands on the questions of estate taxation: Do the country's richest citizens owe an extra debt to society? Do they have, in Theodore Roosevelt's words, a "peculiar obligation" to those less fortunate? Supporters of the Estate Tax Estate tax supporters would tend to answer the questions posed in the affirmative. Perhaps the principal argument in support of an estate tax is that it helps to make the tax burden on Americans more progressive. Proponents of an estate tax argue that such a tax serves to safeguard against the concentration of wealth and political power in the hands of a tiny minority. This in turn, they suggest, is essential for a healthy democracy. There is an underlying assumption implicit in the support of an estate tax and it involves an understanding about what is in the common good and that, as the old French saying goes, "noblesse oblige" (or nobility obliges). The maintenance of a vibrant economy is aided by many commonly funded goods—a national infrastructure of roads, waterways, airports, and the like; an educational system open to all; an effective system of public safety and security; a just legal and political system, among others. Those who are most fortunate benefit particularly from these systems, and institutions according to estate tax proponents. They should, consequently, be willing to pay a fair share towards their maintenance—nobility obliges. Critics of the Estate Tax Estate tax opponents would tend to answer the questions posed in the negative. Critics of the estate tax list three primary objectives to the taxing of accumulated wealth. First, they argue that this form of tax ends up double taxing earned income since at least a portion of any estate is made up of earned income. Second, opponents of an estate tax claim that it has a chilling effect on savings rates and on economic growth by stifling society's proven wealth builders and job creators. Third, those who wish to repeal the estate tax often state that this tax is a particular burden to family businesses and farms and makes it more difficult to pass on these assets to the next generation who can continue the businesses. Paul J. Gessing, Director of Government Affairs for the National Taxpayers Union, explains the fundamental objection to an estate tax this way: "While the economic case against the death tax is persuasive enough, the moral case is even more powerful. Because it taxes virtue—living frugally and accumulating wealth—the tax wastes the talent of able people, both those engaged in enforcing the tax and the probably even greater number engaged in devising arrangements to escape the tax." Complicating the debate about whether to modify the existing estate tax or repeal it all together is the stark reality of a budget deficit that has grown in every year since 2000 and is forecast by the Congressional Budget Office to continue annually for the next ten years. A repeal of the estate tax would exacerbate these annual budget deficits by reducing tax revenues by $20 billion to $60 billion a year. ESTATE TAX PAYMENT OPTIONS Usually, taxes on an estate are due nine months after the death of the estate holder. However, estates involving farms and closely held businesses have the option of making installment payments instead. These installment payments may be spread out over as many as 14 years and in the first five years, only interest is due. Interest charged on the taxes due from these business-related estates is set by the IRS at 4 percent. This permits a business to more easily absorb the cost of estate taxes. The deferred payment plan is jeopardized if the business is broken up or sold during the repayment period. A failure to meet the installment payment schedule too may jeopardize the deferred payment plan. Managing a business includes taking steps to minimize the tax liability as much as possible. For family-owned closely-held businesses this planning may include planning around the estate taxes that may be due upon the death of one of its principals. Proper business and estate planning can usually prevent any unexpected or onerous tax burdens. One step that many companies take in preparing for an expected estate tax bill is to buy life insurance on the owner or owners. The policy should be owned by the company or a life-insurance trust and the proceeds should be kept out of the deceased owner's taxable estate. Planning ahead is very important in this process since many techniques for reducing tax liability require time to implement. The use of "gifting" is one such technique. This involves the annual gift giving that is tax-free as long as it doesn't exceed $12,000 per recipient. The gifts can be in the form of stock or other assets. Transferring ownership of a business through buy-sell agreements, partnerships, trusts, or outright gifts is a key component in many of the planning strategies available to minimize or eliminate estate tax liability. Business experts caution that taking such steps may be even more important—and also even more complicated—when a small business is owned by two or more family members, since the business can potentially be hit with estate taxes every time one of the owners passes away. The formation of a family limited trust is another way in which to minimize potential estate tax liability. In the most basic terms, a family limited partnership allows the business to be transferred to the next generation at considerably less than its full value. This reduces the size of the estate and thus the amount of federal taxes owed. Other trusts may also be formed for use in a comprehensive plan but the use of trusts is complicated and is best handled by financial planning experts. Because of the need for outside expertise, the job of tax planning, and in particular estate tax planning is a costly one. The expense of such planning is, in fact, one of the arguments used by those who wish to see the estate tax repealed. But, as is true with most business activities, one must deal with the realities of the environment in which one does business. Until the uncertainty surrounding the future of the estate tax is clarified by Congress, family-owned businesses are wise to make thorough and prudent plans for succession, plans that include measures to minimize the potential for estate tax liability. Congressional Budget Office. The Budget and Economic Outlook: Fiscal Years 2005 to 2014. Available from http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=4985&sequence=0 Retrieved on 1 March 2006. Clifford, Denis. Estate Planning Basics. Nolo Press, August 2005. Gessing, Paul J. Open Letter to Representative Cox. National Taxpayers Union. Available from http://www.ntu.org/main/letters_detail.php?letter_id=235 4 January 2005. Harrison, Joan. "Family Business Not Fazed by Estate Tax Uncertainty." The America's Intelligence Wire. 10 January 2006. "Increase in Estate Tax Exemption Highlights Changes for 2006." Mondaq Business Briefing. 5 January 2006. Peterson, Carlise. "Estate Tax Seen Affecting Few." Investment News. 30 January 2006. Plack, Harry J. "Form FLP to Protect Biz Assets." Baltimore Business Journal. 24 November 2000. Simon, Kevin. "Estate Planning for a Closely Held Business." Dayton Business Journal. 17 February 2006. Szabo, Joan. "Spreading the Wealth: Transferring Part of Your Business to Your Children Now Could Lower Their Taxes Later." Entrepreneur. July 1997. Ventry, Dennis J., Jr. "Straight Talk about the 'Death' Tax: Politics, Economics, and Morality." Tax Notes. 27 November 2000. Williams, Gary. "Commentary: IRS Looks More Kindly on Family Limited Partnerships That Serve Business." Daily Record. 22 December 2004. Willis, Clint. "Could You Please Die Sometime in 2010? And Other Frequently Asked Questions Under Today's Crazy Estate-Tax Law." Money. 1 February 2006.
Recovery within a population of the Critically Endangered citron-crested cockatoo Cacatua sulphurea citrinocristata in Indonesia after 10 years of international trade control Moratoria on international trade are frequently used to protect threatened species but few studies have examined their effectiveness in allowing populations to recover. We present population data collected before and after a moratorium on trade in the citron-crested cockatoo Cacatua sulphurea citrinocristata, a distinctive subspecies of the yellow-crested cockatoo endemic to Sumba, Indonesia. Before legal trade ceased in 1993 numbers of cockatoos leaving Sumba averaged c. 1,600 per year, and the 1992 population, estimated at 3,200, surely could not sustain such a level of trade. We surveyed cockatoos in four forest patches on Sumba in 1992, and then surveyed these same forest patches 10 years later, using the same field methods. Forest cover within the four patches was similar between years. We recorded a statistically significant increase in overall cockatoo density, from c. 2 birds per km2 in 1992 to >4 per km2 in 2002. Group sizes were also larger in 2002 than in 1992. Densities at two forest sites had increased considerably, at another the population was stable, but at one small forest patch a small population in 1992 had probably decreased. While the population has made a modest recovery, densities remain low compared to cockatoo populations elsewhere. Illegal trade is known to persist and its volume should be monitored closely.(Published Online March 30 2006) (Received November 9 2004) (Revised March 17 2005) (Accepted June 14 2005) (March 30 2006) Key Words: Cacatua sulphurea citrinocristata; CITES; cockatoo; Indonesia; parrot; population density; Sumba; trade ban. c1 Correspondence: Department of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK. E-mail firstname.lastname@example.org
Chondromalacia patella is a condition in which the soft connective tissue covering the underside of your knee becomes softened and/or worn down. When this occurs, the kneecap rubs against your knee joint, which can cause knee pain, clicking and grinding. Chondromalacia patella can occur for various reasons including misalignment of the knee, tight thigh muscles, weak thigh muscles, overuse, sudden increases in training, high-impact activities and flat feet. Since weak thigh muscles often contribute to this problem, strengthening exercises can help to keep the knee properly aligned and reduce the amount of stress placed on the knee during activity. This exercise focuses on the quadriceps, which are found at the front of your upper leg. This is the primary muscle group responsible for stabilizing your kneecap during movement; therefore exercises targeting the quadriceps are particularly important in treating chondromalacia patella. To do this exercise, lie down on your back. Bend your left leg and place your foot flat on the floor. Extend your right leg away from your body. Keeping your right leg straight, slowly raise it up to a 45 degree angle. Slowly lower it back down to the starting position. As you do this exercise, focus on contracting the quadriceps muscle. Do 20 repetitions and do the same on the left leg. To increase the difficulty of this exercise, wrap an ankle weight around your lower leg. Quad sets are another good exercise for strengthening the quadriceps. To do this exercise, lie down on your back. Bend your left leg and place your foot flat on the ground. Straighten your right leg. Contract the quadriceps in your right leg and push your knee down towards the ground. Hold for five seconds and then relax. Do five to 10 repetitions and do the same on the left leg. Place a pillow or rolled-up towel under your knee to make this exercise harder. Wall squats focus on the buttocks, quadriceps and hamstrings. The hamstrings are found at the back of your upper leg and function to bend the knee. To perform this exercise, stand straight with your back against a wall and feet shoulder-width apart. Walk your feet away from the wall about 6 inches. While keeping your back in contact with the wall, bend your knees and slowly lower your buttocks toward the ground. Keep going until your knees are bent at about a 45-degree angle. Raise your body back up until your knees are straight. Repeat 10 to 15 times and do three sets. Keep your back straight and do not allow your knees to go in front of your toes. Avoid any exercise that aggravates your knee pain, including running or jumping. Discontinue these exercises and notify your doctor or physical therapist if you experience knee pain, clicking, cracking or grinding while doing these exercises. Try doing a low-impact form of exercise instead such as swimming or an elliptical machine, which places less stress on your knees.
As a poultry and egg producer one is used to ups and downs in income and costs. However, when income is low and costs are high, the continuation of an enterprise is at stake. Then it is wise to be extra alert on subclinical dangers that might threaten a company's liveability. One of those unnoticed threats is often a low level infection of mycotoxins. Feed safety is more than ever before gaining ground in poultry production and trade. Factors driving this not only include pathogen issues but also economics. It is not anymore just a concern for the food chain but also an aspect that can promote or hinder the bottom line. Feed safety is in fact very crucial in today’s highly volatile and competitive business environment. In this applicative discussion the target is to highlight the mycotoxicologic safety of feeds having direct correlation to food safety and the economic bottom line. Mycotoxicologic safety herein relates to the inevitable contamination hazards arising from mycotoxins, the toxic byproducts of fungal metabolism. In poultry mycotoxins often affect productivity and egg quality. Often producers and especially the nutrition managers working with them fret about the feeds’ nutrient levels produced or used in their operations. This is easy to comprehend in these times because major nutrition errors may affect over 60% of the total production cost. And if we are speaking about aqua nutrition, in which feeding programmes are highly dependent on fish meal, then one may be risking over 70% of production cost. Such cost indeed is enormous. But is the first love of nutrition about cost, even under commercial setting? I believe it is not. It is first about biology and of course cost. And this I am sure also considers the welfare of animals. You see, everyone is on board now. Then, one may pose the question ‘what then is a nutritious feed’? The typical answer is one that contains essential nutrients in the right balance. Essential nutrients normally refer to dietary protein or amino acids (AA), vitamins and minerals, and energy as a nutrient attribute. Truly so, but it’s not the complete picture, as experience shows that dietary specs alone do not guarantee optimum nutrition of birds. And whether you believe in feed safety or not, mycotoxin control needs to be integrated along with essential nutrients. Mycotoxin effect on amino acids To show that nutrient value of diets may be diluted by mycotoxins, a study investigated the effect of Aflatoxin (AFL) on the utilisation of Lysine (Lys) or Methionine (Met) (Mills et al., 1989). Their approach was to feed day old broilers with one of 80%, 100% and 120% of NRC (1984) recommendations for Lys or Met, at 0 or 3.5 ppm of AFL. After 21 days of feeding, performance results shown in Table 1 varied according to diet. As expected, it was observed that body weight (BW) of birds increased with increasing dietary Lys concentration, while response to Met was similar across diets. On the other hand, AFL contamination blunted the response to Lys and Met at all AA density, reducing BW by 26% on average. This showed that aflatoxicosis alters the protein value of feeds and thus the AA requirement of the birds. These modifications arise because mycotoxins such as AFL act as immunogen which increase inflammations and immune cost. Metabolically, they also disturb assimilation of absorbed feed nutrients. The net results of these events are a repartitioning of ingested nutrients to service increased maintenance requirements relative to needs for growth or production. The feed conversion worsened by as much as 0.6–8%, depending on AA treatment. To extrapolate to practical condition, a 26% reduction in BW or high inefficiency in feed conversion is not warranted considering that feed protein and essential AAs such as Lys and Met make up 35-55% of feed cost. In any case, this data underscores the point that dietary AA inefficiency could be a price to pay to eliminate toxin problems. To avoid these kind of losses means that nutritionists should prioritise the pursuit of feed safety in their operations. This demands the integration of feed mycotoxin control with other routine feed formulation operations. For instance reliable routine and simultaneous analysis of nutrients and mycotoxins in feed ingredients. Such programmes should also be complimented with preventive usage of in-feed proprietary mycotoxin adsorbents. This is because mycotoxin analytical data whether from smart test kits or elaborate HPLC procedures still suffer uncertainties. Supplementation of adsorbents makes feed safety rather flexible, promotes the feed quality, safety of poultry foods and is rather economic. Synergy in a negative way The synergy that may occur with co-occurrence of mycotoxins is also of economic importance. An elegant investigation with broilers by Hamilton et al. (1992) illustrates this. They observed that BW was depressed by 14%, 8% and 24% in the presence of 2.5 ppm AFL, 2.5 ppm OTA and 2.5ppm AFL+OTA, respectively, compared to uncontaminated diet. This showed that the effect of the mixed toxins was more than the sum of the effects of each toxin. Effects on carcass yield (important in birds destined for processing plants) indicate a similar trend (Hamilton et al., 1992). These synergistic effects make mycotoxin co-occurrence more lethal in poultry feeds, and should be accounted for when treatment or preventive strategies are being formulated. Apart from direct effects of mycotoxin contamination via feed, there is an indirect mode of action, which is often overlooked. This relates to the potential of mycotoxins to increase disease virulence in farm birds, further complicating food safety issues. In this mode of action, mycotoxins by affecting the immune system, compromise the ability of birds to combat diseases. This interference with the immune system may be manifested as depressed lymphocyte activity, suppressed antibody production or impaired macrophage function. A challenge study conducted by Kumar et al. (2003) illustrated in Figure 1 showed that broilers’ BW was only 69% of control after simultaneous E. coli and dietary OTA challenge compared to single challenged with E. coli (82%) or OTA (84%). The conclusion was that pathogenicity of E. coli was accentuated in the presence of dietary OTA contamination. Previously Swamy and Devegowda (1998) confirmed that dietary AFL exposure interferes with the immune system based on antibody response to Newcastle and Infectious bursal diseases vaccinations in broilers. They observed (re-expressed in Figure 2) that with increasing (100 – 400 ppm) AFL ingestion, IBD and NCD antibody titre dropped to between 36 -61% and 32-52% of uncontaminated diet, respectively. These data suggest that AFL reduces the efficiency of vaccination via inducement of low antibody response. Poultry genetic sensitivity While AFL and OTA are mycotoxins of tropics or subtropical areas, common in the southern hemisphere, northern hemisphere climates often favour Fusarium toxins like DON and ZEA. Moreover level of exposure and poultry genetics may be a factor in how mycotoxins impact productivity. A recent 12 months trial with hens of two divergent genetic backgrounds found significant interaction between DON and breed on feed consumption, egg mass and laying intensity (Ebrahim et al., 2011). These scientists also found that DON reduced eggs by as much as 0.33% to 2.36% depending on breeds and exposure level. Whatever the climate might be, already poultry feeding is being impacted by international trade in crop feedstuffs, thus geographical classification of mycotoxins are only of academic value. In concluding these aspects, it is appreciated that the level of mycotoxins normally tested in control studies like those cited here, may be uncommon in practice. Nonetheless, raw material surveys teach us that it is safe to expect sporadic contaminations. Higher than minimum permissible levels of AFL levels have been reported in commercial poultry feeds in several tropical areas. Placinta et al. (1999) also summarised data from both temperate and tropical regions, showing very high Trichothecenes and Zearalenone levels in crop grains and animal feed samples. Apart from climate, these contaminations also reflect poor feed safety control, and low feed manufacturing technology. Indeed as today’s hikes in price and scarcity of raw materials intensifies, we can expect sporadic contamination, high variation in batch to batch quality, likelihood of poor quality being traded or diverted to poultry feeds and substitution of conventional ingredients with alternative feedstuffs in the formulations. To exemplify the latter case soybean meal price has suffered more than 40% increase in certain regions, creating a situation whereby less quality but cheaper alternatives are becoming more attractive in least cost formulations. Given these scenarios the gap between artificial control trials and field exposures could be narrowing. Economics of mycotoxin response Putting figures to mycotoxin menace is practically relevant. Not only can this assist in process audit but also in choosing and evaluating management strategies. As an example we chose AFL, since its quantitative impact on BW gain in broilers is well documented and has greater geographical spread than most common toxins. Moreover the figures are applicable to growing conditions since toxins are produced within the grower house. A scenario is presented in Table 2 using gradual low increases in AFL ingestion to simulate linear depression in broilers’ BW gain and FCR. Low levels of AFL were chosen as they have been shown to be typical even in professional grow out operations using quality diets and healthy birds (Jones et al 1982). The rate of depression was computed at an incremental rate of 0.2 ppm based on a relationship of 1 ppm ingestion to reduce BW by 5%. Also an endpoint BW of 1.8 kg was chosen. Results show that with increasing intake of AFL daily BW gain and BW at 37 days decrease and days to end point BW increase. To apply these parameters, assuming a grower operation produces one million birds/month, a loss of 90 tonnes of live weight/month at an exposure level of 1.02 ppm could be expected. Moreover there were subtle but serious impacts on days to finishing weight and FCR (figures not shown), and the cost of medication and labour figures will further add to these losses. Such is the power of toxins. For the producer it might well be that the fear of toxins is the beginning of wisdom. Dr Olayinka Akinde, Fusion BioSystems, is a nutritionist based in Germany. References available on request. Contact: Olayinka@fusionbiosystems.com
oa Professional Nursing Today - Malaria, its prevention, diagnosis and treatment : infectious diseases Malaria is a serious infectious disease that can be fatal if not diagnosed and treated promptly. It is caused by a parasite belonging to the genus Plasmodium, of which four different species are known to affect humans, namely P ovale, P vivax and P malariae and P falciparum. The last one being the most dangerous and unfortunately the most common in Africa. Article metrics loading...
There are 2 transporters for iron, one for heme iron and one for non-heme iron. The non-heme transporter is the divalent mineral transporter 1 (DMT1), which transports Fe2+ into the enterocyte. Heme iron is taken up through heme carrier protein 1 (HCP-1), and then metabolized to Fe2+. Fe2+ may be used by enzymes and other proteins or stored in the enterocyte bound to ferritin, the iron storage protein. To reach circulation, iron is transported through ferroportin1,2. This process is summarized in the figure below. Since only the reduced form of non-heme iron (Fe2+) is taken up, Fe3+ must be reduced. There is a reductase enzyme on the brush border, duodenal cytochrome b (Dcytb), that catalyzes the reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+, as shown below. Vitamin C enhances non-heme iron absorption because it is required by Dcytb for this reaction. Thus, if dietary non-heme iron is consumed with vitamin C, more non-heme iron will be reduced to Fe2+ and taken up into the enterocyte through DMT1. In addition to vitamin C, there is an unidentified factor in muscle that enhances non-heme iron absorption if consumed at the same meal3. This unidentified factor is referred to as meat protein factor (MPF). The table shows how MPF can increase non-heme iron absorption. Table 12.711 Non-heme iron absorption from chicken or beef muscle fraction3 \|Mean Fe Absorption (% of Dose) \|Egg Albumin\|\|Whole Muscle\|\|Whole Muscle Protein\|\|Heme-Free Muscle Protein\| Albumin is a protein, so the egg albumin represents a non-meat protein standard for comparison. You can see that absorption is much higher with whole muscle. When only consuming muscle protein, there is a slight increase from muscle itself, and when they look at heme-free muscle iron, absorption is still higher than egg albumin3. Inhibitors of non-heme iron absorption typically chelate, or bind, the iron to prevent absorption. Phytates (phytic acid), which also inhibit calcium absorption, chelate non-heme iron decreasing its absorption. Other compounds that inhibit absorption are: Polyphenols (coffee, tea)1 Oxalate (spinach, rhubarb, sweet potatoes, and dried beans)2 Calcium is also believed to inhibit iron uptake. References & Links 1. Gropper SS, Smith JL, Groff JL. (2008) Advanced nutrition and human metabolism. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing. 2. Shils ME, Shike M, Ross AC, Caballero B, Cousins RJ, editors. (2006) Modern nutrition in health and disease. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 3. Hurrell R, Reddy M, Juillerat M, Cook J. (2006) Meat protein fractions enhance nonheme iron absorption in humans. J Nutr 136(11): 2808-2812.
At some children are still seen in the first years of existence certain shyness, withdrawal. They feel better around parents and will little socialize with strangers. Other children start as a very sociable child in the early years, but once broaden its family environment and are starting school or kindergarten; they change their behavior and become very timid and detained. If you have a shy child, begins to help him as soon as possible: Don’t encourage their shy For example, some parents talk about how shy the child is along him. He may interpret it as a special quality, which will naturally want to strengthen but no way to escape it. Even if you talk about shyness in a reproachful way, the child may tend to solidify shy to show us that it is not out of it. Praise him when he takes the initiative Encouraging good behavior and try not to observe those that are very shy, we will help him to be directed to constructive behavior. Without realizing, he will gain confidence in his ability to do different things. Strengthens his confidence in himself This is done through discussion, by observing the behavior of the child and apprehends the things that give us permission to do assessments to his address. Do not try to lie or trick him by using general words meaningless, because the baby will feel it. He needs confidence and for this he really needs your support. Be there, because he needs you not to do things in his place, but to give confidence that he can do it alone. Many children become shy just to not lose the connection, physics contact with a parent. If the environment is very hostile, maybe it’’s good to make some changes. For example, if the child is in a class that already is ridiculed by all his colleagues and feels too young and shy to handle, do not force him to be what it he is not. Changing class and adjusting at the same time behavior he can gain confidence. Talk openly with him on his timidity Encourage him to see things in a different way. When you”re small, everything seems a disaster and suffering is bigger. Do not ridicule his emotions, just trying to help him to see himself in a little different way. Tell Life Stories It does not even have to be all true. For children, the stories are very important and often find in them the resources to make the changes they need. Hang on to do these things in his rhythm and do not scary to lose him if becomes too independent. You are and will be always be his parent and will always need you.
According to Alex Tham Koy-siong, co-ordinator (admissions) at City University, universities will emphasise these core subjects. "In the past, students believed that getting into the science stream was best because they could take either science or arts majors at university, but this is no longer the case," he says. Tham suggests using the "BASIC" strategy when it comes to making course selections and career choices. "'B' stands for battle, which means students need to fight hard to follow their dream," he says. "But simply having a dream is not enough; one needs 'A' - ability to succeed. Students have to judge whether their talent or strength matches their dream. "'S' stands for shape, which means students have to find out what they need to achieve their dream, for example, the relevant training or experience. 'I' is interest. It takes time to develop interests so I advise students read biographies of successful people and career development stories in newspapers. Put yourself in those people's shoes and imagine whether you would like to go in their direction. "'C' is the chance for success. You need to be realistic. For example, you might have a keen interest in basketball, but if you are not an elite player at inter-school level, there is probably little chance of playing professionally." Tham adds that the new 3-3-4 education system requires students to embrace the concept of inter-disciplinary learning. "In the first stage of four-year university education, CityU students will undergo one year of general education before selecting their majors in the second year. We want students to develop abilities that are important across disciplines, such as problem-solving and creativity, before choosing their majors." Ricky Chan, chairman of the Association of Brain-based Learning in Education, welcomes the breakdown of boundaries. "In the post-industrial era, education was specialised. But this is changing. Society demands all-round individuals who are able to co-operate with different industries and sectors," he says. To be successful, Chan stresses the importance of having a goal. "Many people do not realise the difference between a goal and an intention. Having a goal is not imagining what you will be in the future. Having a goal is envisioning one's future based on real-life experience," he says. Chan gives an example. "If you want to be a doctor, you should do thorough research to find out details - job duties, working locations and working hours - to get a clear vision of what the career is like," he says. During your research, problems may arise and adjustments may have to be made, but this is a good thing because it will give you a crystal-clear view of what you want. "When you clearly know your goal, you will be motivated to work towards it," Chan says. "Start planning for the future early ... the earlier the better."
Welcome to Module 1 of the Energy Tutorial Access to secure, clean and sustainable energy supplies is one of the greatest challenges facing humanity today. This module will explain where energy comes from, what it’s used for and why it matters, particularly in terms of its contribution to climate change. This is really important context for your volunteering: these are the reasons why we need to improve our energy use and why it’s so great that you’re going to help us make a difference by volunteering as an Energy Envoy! Below you will find a number of factsheets, activities and videos that will introduce you to aspects of energy and sustainability. Spend Week 1 of your volunteering going through these materials for one hour. Don’t worry if you don’t have time to look at them all, but do try to look at a mixture of factsheets, activities and videos. If you’ve volunteered as an Energy Envoy before, go through materials you didn’t look at last time or remind yourself of information you might have forgotten. Make notes in your Activity Log or start a Learning Journal to record key points as you go. Keeping this record will help remind you of what we’ve covered in the Energy Tutorial and how this relates to your own experiences. This will be really helpful when it comes to applying what you’ve learnt to your energy project from Week 4. If you haven’t already, make sure you have taken our Energy Quiz first to find out how much you already know about energy! The National Energy Foundation is not responsible for the content of external sites. Click here for more information. The videos below explain topics such as where energy comes from, what climate change is, the greenhouse effect and how renewable energy technologies work. There are also a few talks from key people involved with energy sustainability: Lord Nicholas Stern studies the economics of climate change. He is the author of the seminal 2006 Review on the Economics of Climate Change, one of the most influential papers discussing the real economic implications of addressing (or not addressing) climate change. His talk is about how we can use the climate crisis to achieve better lives for all. Rob Hopkins is the founder of the Transition movement, a radically hopeful and community-driven approach to creating societies independent of fossil fuels. The Transition movement is greatly aligned with the growing community energy sector in the UK, the significance of which was highlighted in the Department of Energy and Climate Change’s first ever Community Energy Strategy in 2014. Is there a Transition Town near you? You can watch more TED Talks about climate change here. There are also some interesting films to watch about climate change, such as An Inconvient Truth (2006) and The Age of Stupid (2009).
An experiment is a procedure carried out to support or refute a hypothesis, or determine the efficacy or likelihood of something previously untried. Experiments provide insight into cause-and-effect by demonstrating what outcome occurs when a particular factor is manipulated. Experiments vary greatly in goal and scale but always rely on repeatable procedure and logical analysis of the results. There also exist natural experimental studies. \|Part of a series on\| A child may carry out basic experiments to understand how things fall to the ground, while teams of scientists may take years of systematic investigation to advance their understanding of a phenomenon. Experiments and other types of hands-on activities are very important to student learning in the science classroom. Experiments can raise test scores and help a student become more engaged and interested in the material they are learning, especially when used over time. Experiments can vary from personal and informal natural comparisons (e.g. tasting a range of chocolates to find a favorite), to highly controlled (e.g. tests requiring complex apparatus overseen by many scientists that hope to discover information about subatomic particles). Uses of experiments vary considerably between the natural and human sciences. Experiments typically include controls, which are designed to minimize the effects of variables other than the single independent variable. This increases the reliability of the results, often through a comparison between control measurements and the other measurements. Scientific controls are a part of the scientific method. Ideally, all variables in an experiment are controlled (accounted for by the control measurements) and none are uncontrolled. In such an experiment, if all controls work as expected, it is possible to conclude that the experiment works as intended, and that results are due to the effect of the tested variables.
a line that indicates a boundary...could be man made or a physical border (ocean, river, mountain, plain, desert) a level of government that can make laws on schools, owning property, license, lawyers, and doctors. Print and coin money, control relations with foreign governments, and Pass laws that impact entire country...another name for federal is "national" having supreme power within its own territory; neither subordinate nor responsible to any other authority, has final control over what happens withinn its borders. It is not subject to any higher authority on its own territory. The federal govt in the US is SOVEREIGN!! the act of adding or joining a territory to an existing one. The US annexed the Louisiana territory, Florida, and Mexican territory (TX, CA, AZ) A territory in the west central United States purchased from France in 1803; extended from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains, and the gulf of Mexico to Canada. land that Mexico gave to the United States after the Mexican War through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo; included in what is now California, Nevada, and Utah; most of Arizona and New Mexico and parts of Colorado, Texdas, and Wyoming Balance of Power the distribution of power among nations so that no single nation can dominate or interfere with another North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean In the classical and postclassical era, people in this country invented the compass, the rudder, and gun powder, among other things. an archipelago made up over 3,000 islands. It is mostly mountainous and volcanic. It is the 2nd largest world economy International organization founded in 1945 to promote world peace and cooperation. It replaced the League of Nations. UN Security Council a body of 5 great powers (which can veto resolutions) and 10 rotating member states, which makes decisions about international peace and security including the dispatch of UN peacekeeping forces an organization whose goal is to unite Europe so that goods, services, and workers can move freely among member countries
For Earth Day, gardeners can help ensure vegetable, fruit and grain seeds remain available to everyone by ordering a set of open-source seeds from the University of Wisconsin – Madison. Gardeners and farmers can save open-source seeds after harvest and pass the plants on for generations. Breeders can use the open-source crops to develop new varieties. Most new crop varieties result from elaborate breeding programs or expensive genetic engineering techniques. Legal measures prohibit or limit farmers' and gardeners' abilities to save and replant those crops' seeds. Intellectual property rights and patents also block breeders from using those plants to create new varieties. Some sociologists, agronomists and food-security activists worry that patenting plants makes farmers dependent on corporations for their seeds and limits regional innovation. "Already, many public breeders don't have the freedom to operate,” said Jack Kloppenburg, UW-Madison sociologist and one of the founders of the Open Source Seed Initiative, in a press release. "They can't do what they want to do as often as they would like." UM-Madison's Open Source Seed Initiative aims to keep some crop varieties available to the public forever. Last week, the group released 29 new varieties of crops, including celery, sweet peppers, barley, carrots and others. Four distinct varieties of the hipster's favorite leafy green, kale, were part of the release. The Open Source Seed Initiative recently began taking pre-orders for an assortment of 15 seed packets. Crops varieties in the assortment include Midnight Lightning zucchini, Red Ursa kale, Gatherer’s Gold pepper and Joker Lettuce. The seeds are certified organic. The Initiative uses a simple pledge printed on the seed packet to ensure the plants remain available to the public. By opening the packet, the user acknowledges that the seeds can't be legally protected and can be used freely for breeding, crop production or any other purposes. - Humanoid Robo-Mermaid Dives For Lost Treasure - Will SpaceX Get People to Mars Before NASA? - Hungry Polar Bears Decimating Seabird Colonies - New Jellyfish Looks Like an Alien Spacecraft This article originally published at Discovery News here
Diversity Resources for Teaching Abroad Reflecting on Diverse Identities and Experiences While Teaching Abroad When preparing to teach abroad, it is important to spend time reflecting on your unique identity and how it may shape your experience. In addition, it is valuable to learn about the host country where you will be teaching and common cultural attitudes in that location, while recognizing every country includes diverse people and cultures. CIEE has compiled the following resources to help teach abroad participants: - Better understand cultural attitudes and conditions in the country where they will be teaching - Learn from the experiences of previous teachers representing a diverse range of backgrounds - Find local groups and organizations that offer support or community Please note that CIEE does not necessarily support all of the views expressed in these resources, but we are sharing them to help represent a broad range of perspectives. These resources are also not comprehensive so we encourage you to reach out to the CIEE Teach Abroad team if you have any questions we can help answer or additional resources to share. CIEE is committed to creating an inclusive environment where every individual is welcomed, supported, and empowered to share their unique perspective. Learn More About CIEE’s Commitment to Diversity and Inclusion Cultural Attitudes and Conditions for Teach Abroad Destinations CIEE staff and partners developed the following descriptions of local cultural attitudes and conditions related to body size/image, disability, gender identity, sexual orientation, and other aspects of identity. These resources were developed primarily for study abroad participants in specific cities, but much of the information is also applicable to teach abroad participants. CIEE Teacher Blogs Diversity Abroad Videos Diversity in Spain for Teachers Abroad Diversity in South Korea for Teachers Abroad Diversity in Thailand for Teachers Abroad Diversity in China for Teachers Abroad Additional Resources on Diversity in Teach Abroad Destinations We’ve compiled some additional external resources representing diverse perspectives on living and working in CIEE Teach Abroad program locations. SpainClick to Open ThailandClick to Open South KoreaClick to Open Still Have Questions? Check out our FAQ page for more answer to your questions about teaching abroad. For more help, call our team at 207-274-5783 or send us an email at firstname.lastname@example.org. Schedule A Call Schedule a free advising session with a Teach Abroad expert.
During his time on the Rehnquist Court, Justice Brennan voted in seven cases in which the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (the “USCCB” or “Bishops’ Conference”) filed an amicus curiae brief. He voted for the party supported by the Bishops’ Conference in three out of those seven cases. By contrast, during his time on the Rehnquist Court, Justice White voted in ten cases in which the USCCB filed an amicus curiae brief (the same seven as Justice Brennan, plus three more). He voted for the party support by the Bishops’ Conference in all ten of those cases. The low level of agreement between Justice Brennan and the Bishops’ Conference is notable given that Justice Brennan was the last beneficiary of a so-called “Catholic seat” on the Supreme Court. And Justice Brennan’s voting pattern presents an interesting contrast with Justice White’s. The contrast is noteworthy because President Kennedy appointed White. As the country’s first (and thus far only) Catholic President, Kennedy could not politically afford to nominate a Catholic to the Supreme Court. By contrast, Brennan’s Catholicism was an important factor in making him an attractive nominee for Eisenhower. Thus, one reason that Brennan was appointed is that he was a Catholic, while one reason White was appointed is that he was not a Catholic. Yet White ended up consistently voting with the Catholic bishops on the Rehnquist Court, while Justice Brennan had one of the lowest rates of agreement during the same time period. There were five other Justices who voted in all ten cases in which the Bishops’ Conference filed an amicus curiae brief and in which Justice White voted: Chief Justice Rehnquist, Justice Blackmun, Justice Stevens, Justice O’Connor, and Justice Scalia. Rehnquist and Scalia joined White in voting for the party supported by the Bishops’ Conference in all ten of these cases. Justice O’Connor voted for that party in eight out of those ten cases, Justice Stevens in three, and Justice Blackmun in two. In the first several years of the Rehnquist Court, then, the three Justices with the best track record from the point of view of the Bishops’ Conference consisted of two Protestants (Chief Justice Rehnquist and Justice White) and one Catholic (Justice Scalia).
Can a grape-enriched diet prevent the downhill sequence of heart failure after years of high blood pressure? A University of Michigan Cardiovascular Center study suggests grapes may prevent heart health risks beyond the simple blood pressure-lowering impact that can come from a diet rich in fruits and vegetables. The benefits may be the result of the phytochemicals – naturally occurring antioxidants – turning on a protective process in the genes that reduces damage to the heart muscle. The study, performed in laboratory rats, was presented at the Experimental Biology convention in New Orleans. The researchers studied the effect of regular table grapes (a blend of green, red, and black grapes) that were mixed into the rat diet in a powdered form, as part of either a high- or low-salt diet. Comparisons were made between rats consuming the grape powder and rats that received a mild dose of a common blood pressure drug. All the rats were from a research breed that develops high blood pressure when fed a salty diet. After 18 weeks, the rats that received the grape-enriched diet powder had lower blood pressure, better heart function, and fewer signs of heart muscle damage than the rats that ate the same salty diet but didn’t receive grapes. Rats that received the blood pressure medicine, hydrazine, along with a salty diet also had lower blood pressure, but their hearts were not protected from damage as they were in the grape-fed group. Heart cells, like other cells in the body, make an antioxidant protein called glutathione, which is one of our first defenders against damaging oxidative stress. High blood pressure causes oxidative stress in the heart and lowers the amount of protective glutathione. However, intake of grapes actually turned on glutathione-regulating genes in the heart and significantly elevated glutathione levels. This may explain why the hearts of grape-fed animals functioned better and had less damage. In all, the researchers say, the study further demonstrates that a grape-enriched diet can have broad effects on the development of hypertension and the risk factors that go with it. Whether the effect can be replicated in humans, they say, remains to be seen. News source: University of Michigan Health System. Figure legend: This Knowridge.com image is for illustrative purposes only.
9 September 2011 [Ebook] Mammal (DK Eyewitness Books) Publisher DK CHILDREN Publish Date August, 2004 Pages 72 Language English File Size 47.38 MB File Type PDF New Look! Relaunched with new jackets and 8 pages of new text! Here is a spectacular and informative guide to the natural world of mammals. Stunning real-life photographs of bushbabies, badgers, wallabies and more offer a unique "eyewitness" view of the natural history of mammal behavior and anatomy. See how newborn mice develop, what the inside of a molehill looks like, what a whale has inside its mouth, how a chinchilla keeps its fur clean, and the only mammals that can fly. Learn how to recognize mammal footprints, why some animals store food in their cheek pouches, why you are a mammal, and how the porcupine frightens its enemies. Discover how camels can walk on sand, what mammals looked like in the Ice Age, why some mammals have spines instead of fur, what whiskers are for, why a wallaby has a pouch, and much, much more!
Concept (fiction), 16 words, Level aa (Grade K), Lexile 80L My Easter is a simple story that gives students a look at how one girl celebrates this spring holiday. The detailed, colorful illustrations and use of the high-frequency word my provide support for early-emergent readers. The book can also be used to teach students how to classify information and capitalize sentence beginnings. Read and Color Books More Book Options Kurzweil 3000 Format Use of Kurzweil 3000® formatted books requires the purchase of Kurzweil 3000 software at www.kurzweiledu.com. basket, candy, dress, Easter, eggs, family Use of vocabulary lessons requires a subscription to VocabularyA-Z.com. Teach the Objectives Visualize to understand text Classify Information : Classify information Initial Sound : Discriminate initial consonant /f/ sound Consonants : Identify initial consonant Ff Grammar and Mechanics Capitalization : Capitalize sentence beginnings High-Frequency Words : Identify and use the high-frequency word my
In the aftermath of a flood, the health of the garden probably doesn’t rank highly in most people’s priority list, however, a few timely actions will vastly improve your garden’s prospects for recovery, and keep you healthy at the same time! 1. Take Photographs One of the best things you can do after a heavy rain is to assess your landscape. There is no better time to identify problem areas and form a plan to prevent future issues. Walk the garden making notes and taking pictures of places where water stands for long periods of time. Use this information to help you make future decisions such as raising beds, improving soil texture, and making future plant selections. 2. Clean Up Damaged Trees With high winds and heavy rains come downed trees, one of the most dangerous and damaging outcomes of a powerful storm. If you find you’ll need to remove a tree, call us to do any major removal; taking down trees is a scary job that can cause terrible injury if not done right. We can also assess the damage and determine whether a tree is to be saved or removed. Smaller ornamental trees and foundation plantings may just need some cleanup to broken branches. 3. Prune & Remove the Damage After dealing with major damage, (such as fallen trees) move on to removing snapped branches, bent or damaged growth and broken leaves. Also, clear away any buildup of mud and debris that is clinging to the trunk or basis of plants/trees. This will help reduce the risk of secondary infection from high mud levels and dead plant materials. If plant residue is left on or leaning against other plants, it will usually begin to rot and in doing so, it will cause other plants to rot as well. 4. But Remember To Go Slowly When trying to prune and clear away a wind-damaged garden, do the least pruning necessary at first. Over time, your garden will let you know what needs to be removed and what can stay. This can happen within a week after the storm passes. New shoots will form, new buds will develop, and these are essential keys to tell you how a plant is responding to storm damage. 5. Know What Should Be Trashed Any fruit or vegetables that were below the waterline should go in the garbage, not the compost. (Floodwater can include sewer water.) Watch out for diseases. Being submerged can deprive plants of oxygen and make their roots rot or encourage fungal diseases. After a week or two, remove any plants or foliage that seems diseased. Put the plants in the landscape waste, not the compost. In fact, if your compost pile was submerged, discard it (check with your municipality to see if it should be disposed of as garbage or yard waste) and start a new one after the leaves fall. The floodwater might have deposited bad bacteria and the submersion could have shut down the microbial action that cooks compost. 6. Prevent Mosquitoes To prevent mosquitoes from breeding in your yard is important to remove all sources of standing water from your garden. Empty out water features, pot plant bases, palm fronds, waterlogged rubbish, and other receptacles and try to facilitate drainage of standing water from your yard. Check back with Sterling Design & Landscape Resources for more tips in the coming weeks as we all recover from the recent floods. Call us at (281) 933-5197 to schedule a consultation, or if you need any assistance with the actions listed above.
Learning Ruby You don't have to know everything about a car to drive one, and you don't need to know everything about Ruby to start programming with it. Written for both experienced and new programmers alike, Learning Ruby is a just-get-in-and-drive book -- a hands-on tutorial that offers lots of Ruby programs and lets you know how and why they work,... Negotiation Games (Routledge Advances in Game Theory, 002.) If you are looking for a wide ranging application of game theory, with many applications to political science, then you will find that this book is well worth the read. - Managerial and Decision Economics Steven J. Brams is one of the leading game theorists of his generation. This new edition includes... Deploying Rails Applications: A Step-by-Step Guide (Facets of Ruby) First you'll learn how to build out your shared, virtual, or dedicated host. Then, you'll see how to build your applications for production and deploy them with one step, every time. Deploying Rails Applications will take you from a simple shared host through a highly scalable clustered and balanced setup with Nginx. See how to tell whether... \|Result Page: 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 \|
At the time of Wallace's birth, Alexander III had already been on Scotland's throne for over twenty years. His reign had seen a period of peace, economic stability, and prosperity and he had successfully fended off continuing English claims to suzerainty. King Edward I (known as Edward "Longshanks") came to the throne of England in 1272, two years after Wallace was born. There is almost no reliable information about William Wallace's early life. He is said to have spent his childhood at Dunipace, near Stirling, under the supervision of his uncle, who was a priest. Wallace probably led a comfortable and peaceful life as the son of a nobleman. He and his brother Malcolm must also have trained in the martial arts of the time, - including horsemanship and swordsmanship. Contemporary chroniclers say that William was a large, powerful man. He reportedly stood more than six and a half feet tall, - a veritable giant at a time when the average height of an infantryman was only slightly more than five feet. Carrick, in his Life of Sir William Wallace of Elderslie, consolidates some of the available historical descriptions of Wallace as follows: "His visage was long, well-proportioned, and exquisitely beautiful; his eyes were bright and piercing, the hair of his head and beard auburn, and inclined to curl; that on his brows and eyelashes was of a lighter shade. His lips were round and full. His stature was lofty and majestic, rising head and shoulders above the tallest men in the country. Yet his form, though gigantic, possessed the most perfect symmetry, and with a degree of strength almost incredible, there was combined such an agility of body and fleetness in running that no-one, except when mounted on horseback, could outstrip or escape from him when he happened to pursue." In 1286, by the time he was about sixteen, Wallace may have been preparing to pursue a life in the church. In that year, Alexander III died after riding off a cliff during a wild storm. None of Alexander III's children survived him. After his death, his young granddaughter, Margaret, the 'Maid of Norway', was declared Queen of Scotland by the Scottish lords, but was still only a little girl of 4 who was living in Norway. An interim Scottish government run by 'guardians' was set up to govern until Margaret was old enough to take up the throne. However, Edward I of England took advantage of the uncertainty and potential instability over the Scottish succession. He agreed with the guardians that Margaret should marry his son and heir Edward of Caernarvon (afterwards Edward II of England), on the understanding that Scotland would be preserved as a separate Margaret fell ill and died unexpectedly in 1290 at the age of 8 in the Orkney Islands on her way from Norway to England. 13 claimants to the Scottish throne came forward, most of whom were from the Scottish nobility. Scotland was essentially occupied by the English at this time, and was beset by its own internal conflicts. The various aristocratic Scottish guardians of the throne plotted against one another, variously aligning themselves with King Edward or defying their loyalty to him when it suited them. At the same time English troops, including mercenaries and frequently disgruntled Welsh and Irish conscripts, operated freely throughout Scotland from stockaded camps and fortified garrisons. Civilian life was precarious, and abuses by the occupiers against the common people were rife. The Scottish nobles did little to maintain the rule of law and protect Scots from atrocities. In this climate of lawlessness, William Wallace's father was killed in a skirmish with English troops in 1291. It is likely that the death of his father at the hands of the English contributed to Wallace's lifelong desire to fight for his nation's independence. However, little is known about Wallace's life during this period, except that he lived the life of an outlaw, moving constantly to avoid the English, and occasionally confronting them with characteristic ferocity. Carrick's describes Wallace's skills as a warrior: "All powerful as a swordsman and unrivalled as an archer, his blows were fatal and his shafts unerring: as an equestrian, he was a model of dexterity and grace; while the hardships he experienced in his youth made him view with indifference the severest privations incident to a military life." In the absence of a clear successor to the Scottish throne, the claimants to the Scottish throne requested Edward I's arbitration. The three main candidates were all descendants of David, Earl of Huntingdon, who was the brother of William the Lion, king of Scotland from 1165 to 1214. John de Balliol was the grandson of David's eldest daughter; Robert de Bruce was the son of David's second daughter, and John de Hastings was the grandson of David's youngest daughter. In 1292, Balliol was chosen as king by a special commission one half of whose whose members were chosen by Bruce and the other half by Balliol. Balliol took an oath of fealty, paid homage to Edward, and was accepted in Scotland. However, Edward I's motives had not really been to help the Scots as an arbitrator. He saw himself as the feudal superior of the Scottish crown, and wished to install a Scottish monarch whom he could manipulate. Edward underestimated the Scots' belief in their own sovereignty. When he sought to exert his suzerainty by taking law cases on appeal from Scottish courts to his own court in England, and by summoning Balliol to do military service for him against France, he turned the Scottish throne against him. In the meantime, England had been at war with France. In 1295, a treaty was negotiated between Edward I and the French that provided for the marriage of John de Balliol's son Edward to the French King's niece. Edward demanded the surrender of three castles on the Scottish border and, on John's refusal, summoned him to his court. John did not obey, and war was inevitable. Edward marched north with his armies. After a five-month campaign, he conquered Scotland in 1297. Following his victory, he appointed his own agents to enforce peace in Scotland. He deposed and imprisoned John de Balliol and declared himself ruler of Scotland. He also had the Stone of Destiny, the coronation stone of Scone, taken south to Westminster. The government of Scotland was placed in the hands of Englishmen led by Hugh Cressingham, the Earl of Surrey. Outside the south-east corner of Scotland, there was widespread disorder, and defiance against the English was increasing. Wallace was involved in a fight with local soldiers in the village of Ayr. After killing several of them, he was overpowered and thrown into a dungeon where he was slowly starved. Wallace was left for dead, but sympathetic villagers nursed him back to health. When he had regained his strength, Wallace recruited several local rebels and began his systematic and merciless assault on the hated English and their Scottish sympathisers. As his support grew, Wallace's attacks broadened. In May 1297, with as many as 30 men, he avenged his father's death by ambushing and killing the knight responsible and some of his soldiers. Now, he was no longer merely an outlaw but a local military leader who had struck down one of Edward's knights and some of his soldiers. William Wallace had become the king's enemy. Although most of Scotland was in Scottish hands by August 1297, Wallace successfully recruited a band of commoners and small landowners to attack the remaining English garrisons between the Rivers Forth and Tay. Wallace and his co-leader, Sir Andrew de Moray, marched their forces towards Stirling Castle, a stronghold of vital strategic importance to the English. The English commanders must have been falsely confident that the upstart Scots would retreat or surrender. On Sept 11, 1297, the English army under John de Warenne, Earl of Surrey, confronted him near Stirling. Wallace's forces were greatly outnumbered, but Surrey had to cross a narrow bridge over the River Forth before he could reach the Scottish positions. Wallace's men lured the English into making an impulsive advance, and slaughtered them as they crossed the river. English fatalities are reported to have approached 5,000, gaining Wallace an overwhelming victory. He had shown not only that he was a charismatic leader and warrior, but also that his tactical military ability was strong. Never before had a Scottish army so triumphed over an English aggressor. Wallace captured Stirling Castle and for the moment Scotland was almost free of occupying forces. Copyright Sunnyside Studio At the time of the battle of Stirling Bridge, Wallace and de Moray were both in their late twenties. Neither could yet claim to be Scottish national heroes, and they were not recognised by their aristocratic enemies in Scotland as anything more than local commanders. Under Wallace, the Scots, - commoners and knights, rather than nobles, - were united in a focused fight for freedom from foreign rule. Whereas the Scottish nobility had usually given in to English demands for allegiance, Wallace's patriotic force remained unequivocally dedicated to the struggle for Scottish In October of 1296, Wallace invaded northern England and ravaged the counties of Northumberland and Cumberland. Upon returning to Scotland early in December 1297, he was knighted and proclaimed guardian of the kingdom, ruling in Balliol's name. In less than six years, he had risen from obscurity to become Sir William Wallace, holder of one of the most powerful posts in the kingdom. Nevertheless, many Scottish nobles lent him only grudging support, and he had yet to meet Edward I in a head-on confrontation. Wallace's acclaim following the battle of Stirling Bridge was short-lived. Edward returned to England from campaigning in France in March 1298. On July 3 he invaded Scotland, intending to crush Wallace and all those daring to assert Scotland's independence. On July 22, Edward's 90,000-strong army attacked a much smaller Scottish force led by Wallace near Falkirk. The English army was at a technological advantage. Its longbow-men decimated Wallace's spearmen and cavalry by firing scores of arrows over great distances. As many as 10,000 Scots may have been killed. Although Edward failed to subdue Scotland completely before returning to England, Wallace's military reputation was ruined. He retreated to the thick woods nearby and resigned his guardianship in December. He was succeeded as guardian of the kingdom by Robert de Bruce (later King Robert I) and Sir John Comyn "the Red". Copyright Sunnyside Studio From the autumn of 1299 until 1303, nothing certain is known about Wallace's activities. There is some evidence to suggest that he went to France with several loyal supporters on a diplomatic mission to seek support from King Philip IV. Philip may have furnished him with letters of recommendation to Pope Boniface VIII and King Hakon of Norway. Then, in 1303, the Treaty of Paris effectively ended hostilities between England and France. Having made peace with the French, Edward renewed his conquest of Scotland in earnest. He captured Stirling in 1304, and although most of the Scottish nobles pledged allegiance to the English crown, he continued to pursue the outlaw Wallace relentlessly. Edward's refusal to acknowledge Wallace as a worthy enemy from a separate country meant that the English could officially regard Wallace as a traitor to the English On Aug 5 1305, Wallace was betrayed by a Scottish knight in service to the English king, and arrested near Glasgow. He was taken to London and denied the status of a captured soldier. He was tried for the wartime murder of civilians (he allegedly spared "neither age nor sex, monk nor nun"). He was condemned as a traitor to the king even though, as he correctly maintained, he had never sworn allegiance On 23rd August 1305, he was executed. At that time (and for the next 550 years), the punishment for the crime of treason was that the convicted traitor was dragged to the place of execution, hanged by the neck (but not until he was dead), and disembowelled (or drawn) while still alive. His entrails were burned before his eyes, he was decapitated and his body was divided into four parts (or quartered). Accordingly, this was Wallace's fate. His head was impaled on a spike and displayed at London Bridge, his right arm on the bridge at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, his left arm at Berwick, his right leg at Perth, and the left leg at Aberdeen. Edward may have believed that with Wallace's capture and execution, he had at last broken the spirit of the Scots. He was wrong. By executing Wallace so barbarically, Edward had martyred a popular Scots military leader and fired the Scottish people's determination to be free. Almost immediately, Robert I the Bruce revived the national rebellion that was to win independence for Scotland. He succeeded and was crowned king of Scotland in 1306. On his way to reconquer Scotland, Edward died near Carlisle.
RLJ Dental helps parents with effective tips Dental hygiene for kids is a frequently debated subject due to the variety of rates at which children develop physically, cognitively and emotionally. Dental experts agree, however, that teaching good dental hygiene habits at an early age can result in a beneficial daily routine that minimizes tooth decay. At RLJ Dental, our dental experts are happy to assist parents with suggestions on dental hygiene for kids that leverage youngsters’ innate desire to act like the adults around them. Modeling good dental hygiene is something parents can accomplish multiple times per day. “Demonstrating good dental hygiene for kids can help them develop habits that minimize the need for periodontal treatments and other restorative procedures later in life,” notes Dr. Ashley Minten, a dentist in RLJ Dental’s Oshkosh, Wisconsin, office. “In addition to creating healthy habits, good dental hygiene helps prevent tooth decay in baby teeth that can lead to future dental problems.” Start young with teaching dental hygiene for kids It is not unusual for young children to develop cavities in their baby teeth. Studies have shown more than one in four children have at least one cavity by the age of three and nearly half of children have cavities by the age of five. Parents can begin helping their child brush their teeth as soon as the first few baby teeth appear. Using a child-sized toothbrush with soft bristles, apply a small smear of toothpaste and help them brush their teeth at least two times per day. Teaching them not to swallow is the first teaching point; learning to rinse and spit will come later. “As much as a toddler may want to take control of the brushing process right away, parents really need to supervise the activity until the child enters school or later, depending on their maturity level,” notes Dr. Minten. “Get them to brush their teeth after eating sugary foods or drinking sugary liquids from their sippy cup.” Call RLJ Dental to schedule a visit for children under three. The first one is free. They believe early teaching of good dental hygiene for kids will create lifelong habits. RLJ Dental, Meeting All Your Dental Needs No matter where you are in Wisconsin, no matter what dental needs you have, our network of independent dentists are committed to providing the best service with the latest technologies, for the most affordable price. From comprehensive prevention to aesthetic dentistry; periodontal treatments to restorative work; from implants to sports dentistry, RLJ Dental is ready to serve you. Our trustworthy team is out to build long-lasting relationships, and we measure our success by a lifetime of smiles. Visit RLJDental.com to find a location near you. tags: oral hygiene instructions for child, child dental care tips
The range of new post-harvest technologies available to the fruit industry was highlighted by Dr Debbie Rees of the University of Greenwich Natural Resources Institute at the recent East Malling Research Fruit Storage Day. Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy offers the possibility to measure starch and sugar content as well as pectin levels because each absorb the radiation in identifiable ways, she said. "This is already starting to be used commercially in the USA and Europe - by Dutch sorting technology developer Aweta for example - and can grade out storage disorders." Newly-developed handheld NIR machines being trialled in Belgium can indicate the optimal picking date in seconds, she added. Other technologies showing promise include pheromone testing, surface deflection measurement and chorophyll fluorescence. Meanwhile, molecular diagnostic techniques "let you analyse fruit to see which genes are being expressed at any one time", she said. A number of ways of controlling the plant-ripening hormone ethylene in stores are being developed in addition to the established SmartFresh, Rees added. These include the ozone-based systems from Biofresh and palladium-based scrubbers from Food Freshness Technology, both of which are UK-based firms. Polish fruit industry - Chemical concern The loss of the scab inhibitor DPA (diphenylamine) was a concern to the Polish fruit industry, Dr Krzysztof Rutkowski of the Polish Horticultural Institute revealed at East Malling Research's Fruit Storage Day. "We don't know what to replace it with," he said. "We are looking into alternatives but still can't block this disorder." He added that despite rationalisations, the Polish fresh produce sector remains dominated by small producers, with more than 300,000 horticultural holdings, one-third of which are under 1ha in area. "The last decade has seen a growing number of producer groups, though they remain under 300," said Rutkowski.
10, July 2020 On the morning of April 24, Fritz Takang became so breathless he could barely walk across the cramped cell he shared with 60 inmates at the main prison in Cameroon’s capital, Yaounde. That night, he said, he was evacuated with five others to an apartment complex that was being used to quarantine suspected COVID-19 cases. Near dawn the following morning, Takang, 48, heard a fellow inmate in distress in a neighbouring room. With no doctors present, he said, he went to the man’s bedside and laid a hand on his feverish forehead. Moments later, the man died. “I prayed for him before the last breath,” Takang, a pastor, said. “I asked God to soften his pain.” Correctional facilities worldwide have been fertile ground for COVID-19, the disease caused by the new coronavirus. Africa’s prison population of more than one million is especially vulnerable because of overcrowding, malnutrition and limited healthcare, health experts say. Patchy testing and reporting have frustrated efforts to track and contain its spread – both behind bars and in the community. Authorities in Togo, Democratic Republic of Congo, South Africa and Kenya have reported outbreaks in their prisons. Cameroon’s government has not publicly acknowledged infections inside its correctional facilities, although President Paul Biya signed a decree on April 15 to de-congest prisons in an effort to contain the virus. About 1,800 inmates were freed by May 8, according to preliminary figures from the Office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights. The government has not provided numbers. Hundreds of cases of COVID-19 were recorded among the inmates released from five prisons dotted across Cameroon’s central region in April, according to government data seen by Reuters which has not been made public. Some were allowed home before their test results came in, while others were released with little or no screening to determine if they could be at risk of spreading the virus into the community. Yaounde Central Prison, where Takang is held, was the worst hit, according to the data. The prison did not reply to requests for comment. Behind its mouldy walls, the virus appears to have swept through packed, squalid cells, overwhelming its ill-equipped infirmary, according to interviews with over a dozen current and former inmates, four prison officials and two lawyers. Some asked not to be identified for fear of reprisals. Prisoners are not officially allowed to possess phones, but many do. More than 31 inmates have died there since the beginning of April, compared with the usual one or two a month, a senior prison official told Reuters, adding that none were tested for COVID-19. A Cameroon health ministry spokesman declined to comment, as did officials at the prison authority and a leading official in the coronavirus response. The justice and communications ministries did not respond to questions sent via Whatsapp, email and in person. Two sources present at recent health ministry briefings that were not open to the press said the government has made efforts to stem the spread of the virus in prisons, often struggling with limited resources and manpower. “I am sure a thousand people are infected,” Takang said in a croaky voice from an isolation bed at the Cameroonian Presbyterian Church Hospital in Yaounde, where he was taken on April 25. “You cannot leave your room without passing a hundred people. It is a horror.” ‘TICKING TIME BOMB’ The inmate population exceeds prison capacity in 42 of the 47 African countries and territories where data is available, according to the World Prison Brief, a database compiled by the Institute for Crime and Justice Policy Research (ICPR) at Birkbeck, University of London. In Europe, prisons are over-full in 17 of 57 countries and territories. “This is a ticking time bomb. Prisons in Africa are already struggling to provide the most elementary standards of sanitation,” said Catherine Heard, director of the World Prison Research Programme at ICPR. Cameroon has around 15,000 confirmed cases of COVID-19, one of the worst infection rates in sub-Saharan Africa, with more than 350 deaths. Of 832 samples collected from inmates released from five prisons in April, 358 tested positive for COVID-19, according to the unpublished government data – 16% of the national total at the beginning of May. The majority of positive samples came from Yaounde Central Prison, Cameroon’s largest, where the infection rate of those released and tested was 58%. Its population is still around 3,000, three times capacity, said the senior prison official. Many who tested positive were quarantined. But dozens were allowed home before their results came back or without being tested, according to three prisoners released in April and May, and a guard who oversaw releases. “I signed my release papers; they opened the gates and let us out,” said one inmate who said he was freed on May 22 with 15 others without testing. Others fled quarantine, the guard said. He could not say how many. Takang spent two weeks in hospital before returning to prison. A vocal supporter of Cameroon’s Anglophone separatist movement, he has been confined there for over a year on charges of sponsoring terrorism, which he denies. His trial is ongoing. His test result for COVID-19, seen by Reuters, was negative. He tested positive for malaria and typhoid, he said. While he was in hospital, inmates and prison staff said they noticed an unusual number of people with coughs and fevers. Inmates cut up bed sheets and old t-shirts to make masks, they said. “There is fear everywhere. Everyone has the feeling that they are next,” said Mancho Bibixy Tse, a 36-year-old inmate reached by phone. The prison infirmary, made up of a dozen metal beds with thin mattresses, overseen by one doctor and a few nurses, was quickly overwhelmed. By mid-April, patients lay three to a bed, said three inmates treated there. Patients bought medication from outside the prison – if they could afford it. In late April and early May, authorities disinfected cells and stopped prison visits, staff and inmates said. Inmates, prison staff and their families were given the anti-malarial drug chloroquine, although there is no firm evidence to show it is effective against COVID-19. Disposable masks and buckets of water and soap were placed in cell blocks so inmates could wash their hands. But overcrowding makes social distancing impossible, some inmates and guards said. In some quarters, hundreds of men share one pit latrine. Dozens are crowded into cells of no more than 25 square meters. “I am lucky that I am in a room with just 15 people. Some rooms you have to walk over (sleeping) bodies to get out,” said Tse. When an inmate dies, their family has 24 hours to collect the body, the senior official said, no small task in a country the size of Spain with threadbare transport links. Of the 31 who died in April and May, the official said, only four were collected. The rest were taken away by authorities for burial. Deaths have continued since, the official said, but he has stopped counting. Culled from Reuters
Read Some Books!!! Here is a link to some children's books in Spanish http://www.childrensbooksforever.com/childrenpages/Spanish.html Feel free to share other links Better yet, view familiar movies in whatever language you're studying. Go on YouTube and look up some Disney films or something in Spanish, Ty2fkE. It'll have the added bonus of letting you hear things pronounced correctly. That's a great idea, we did that in my Spanish class, I totally forgot about that, thank you I agree. I recall watching Finding Nemo in Spanish in high school. Great movie in both languages. Thanks for sharing. I like that. It will be useful for sure. And I'd like to add one of my favorite website.. http://albalearning.com/ You can find many classics with English translations and also audio version. So, while you're reading the text, you can listen the audio at the same time (for example: http://albalearning.com/audiolibros/cervantes/laespanola1-sp-en.html). And you can also download the audio file. For me it's really good, and useful. That's why this is my most favorite website which I use for practice. I hope you'll enjoy ;) Not sure why the links are not working, but you can search on Susaeta in either UK amazon or US amazon for Spanish language children's books. I have this one. There is one bad review but only because she thought that the fairy tales were too sad for a five year old. For me, it's been good in helping me to learn past tense in Spanish. http://www.amazon.com/Cuentos-m%C3%A1gicos-otros-Duende-Spanish/dp/8430524010/ref=sr_1_2?s=booksie=UTF8qid=1434472899sr=1-2keywords=susaeta+cuentos+magicos And free audio books in all languages: https://librivox.org/search?primary_key=0&search_category=author&search_page=1&search_form=get_results Thanks for sharing! Short of a few new vocabulary words, the one I read was very understandable :) Wow, that's a great resource. As a teacher, you can bet I will use it frequently.
Criminal Justice Teacher Resources Find Criminal Justice educational ideas and activities Showing 41 - 60 of 175 resources Children and the Death Penalty Students examine how different countries deal with juvenile offenders. Using the internet, they research what offenses are punishable by death and how the laws protect students. They interview local authorities and discuss possible solutions to stop killing students convicted of crimes. 9th - 12th Social Studies & History 3 Views 11 Downloads Who Are Travellers? Young scholars visit specified websites to research zoning information in Essex. They participate in a role play to present a zoning request to a city council. Groups of students prepare their side of the case and create their proposal to be voted upon. 9th - 12th Social Studies & History 3 Views 3 Downloads Berghuis v Thomkins: Is This the Will of the People? (Criminal’s Rights) "You have the right to remain silent. . ." But should a suspect exercise that right? Should laws establish and defend the rights of an individual or reflect the will of "the people?" After reading and annotating a series of primary source documents related to court cases that have altered a suspect's Miranda rights to silence and counsel, class members tackle the question of whether these policies are "the best policy for our nation. 10th - 12th Social Studies & History 29 Views 28 Downloads CCSS: Adaptable Students examine a crime scene and photograph evidence. In this forensics digital photography instructional activity, students recognize the correct procedures for filming a crime scene. Students document evidence and keep a log of the necessary information to log the evidence in. 9th - 12th Visual & Performing Arts 10 Views 52 Downloads The Death Sentence Remains A Question Examine the results of recent opinion polls on where people stand on the issue of the death penalty. In groups, middle schoolers examine various cases dealing with this issue and discuss the judgments. They write their own argument for or against the death penalty and participate in a debate to end the lesson. 7th - 8th Language Arts 10 Views 58 Downloads Science in the Court Room Share their opinions on the use of DNA databases in criminal investigations. After reading an article, they evaluate the pros and cons of the databases and work in groups to answer discussion questions. They write a letter to a state representative stating their opinions on how the databases should be regulated in their state. 6th - 12th Social Studies & History 21 Views 109 Downloads Analyzing the Essay The skill set required of readers of informational text includes the ability to identify an article’s thesis or main idea, as well as the supporting points. Learners can practice these skills by analyzing an essay about the treatment of registered sex offenders in Florida. 9th - 12th Language Arts 24 Views 52 Downloads Determine how African-Americans have broken barriers in this history lesson. Middle schoolers discuss the 15th Amendment and the American civil rights movement prior to analyzing Barack Obama's speech "A More Perfect Union," taking care to evaluate the speaker's argument. 8th - 12th Language Arts 9 Views 206 Downloads Career Education: After High School, What's Next? First the class discusses how character or personality traits relate to career choices. They identify their own traits, research career clusters, and look for ads hiring in those target areas. They research job ads to determine what education or experience they need to land the job of their dreams. 9th - 12th 21st Century Skills 84 Views 172 Downloads Exploring Career Options Get those kids brainstorming about the types of jobs or careers they'd love to have. Then have them dive into a career-focused research project. Pupils take an interest survey, discuss career clusters, then work through the provided worksheets to start researching a potential career. 9th - 12th Language Arts 153 Views 323 Downloads New Review To Kill a Mockingbird: The Plot Unfolds After identifying the most significant events in the To Kill A Mockingbird, readers create a plot map the reveals how Harper Lee orders events to create dramatic tension in her novel. To conclude the lesson, individuals either outline a sequel to the novel or rewrite the ending of novel as if Tom Robinson was acquitted. 9th - 12th Language Arts 3 Views 3 Downloads Shaking the Movers: Youth Rights and Media Children have rights! Exploring those rights and using media to express those rights is the focus of this Media Awareness Network lesson. Although some of the law links reflect the Canadian Articles of The Convention, the majority of the resources prove invaluable. 9th - 10th Language Arts 8 Views 22 Downloads Sentence Completion 11: High-Intermediate Level Build vocabulary and critical thinking skills with a sentence completion worksheet that comes with an answer and explanations key. The key unlocks for learners logic and comprehension strategies they can use to determine the correct response to the prompts. 7th - 9th Language Arts 8 Views 18 Downloads APA and MLA Formats: Their Main Differences What is the difference between MLA and APA format? This presentation is geared towards a college audience, but it could definitely be useful with an eleventh and twelfth grade audience in high school. Differences are highlighted, but not many actual examples are given. 11th - Higher Ed Language Arts 12 Views 29 Downloads Judges in the Classroom Students define the legal meaning of juvenile and identify various ways to treat young offenders. They identify the current philosophy of the Utah juvenile justice system using a true/false worksheet and discussion format. 9th - 12th Social Studies & History 4 Views 15 Downloads Guilty to a Fault Students consider the moral and legal issues involved in distinguishing a verdict of murder from one of manslaughter (criminally negligent homicide) and write an essay describing the issues involved in the case that was researched. 6th - 12th Social Studies & History 17 Views 96 Downloads Learners reflect on the role of prisons and discuss how they believe sentencing should be handed down. After reading an article, they discover the experiences Martha Stewart went through while in prison. In groups, they share their opinions of her and write an essay responding to an idea in the article. 6th - 12th Language Arts 3 Views 15 Downloads
Darek Name Meaning & Origin Origin of the name Derek: Derived from a short form of the obsolete Germanic Thiudoreiks, a compound name composed from the Old German elements thiuda (folk, people) and reiks (ruler, leader, king). The name was brought to England in the Middle Ages by Flemish cloth traders. Looking for the perfect name? Try the Name MatchMaker to find the perfect baby name for you! Sister & Brother Names Know a Darek? What are his siblings named? Name Lists Featuring Darek Contribute your knowledge to the name Darek - Comments and insights on the name Darek as a boy's name is a variant of Derek - Personal experiences with the name Darek - Nicknames for Darek - Meanings and history of the name Darek the meaning of Darek is "people's ruler". - Famous real-life people named Darek Darek Miroslaw- Model - Darek in song, story & screen
What it means One of the all-time great food words is "nixtamilization," which isn't just fun to say, it helped to transform the way people eat. As Gustavo Arellano wrote in "Taco USA: How Mexican Food Conquered America," nixtamilization is "one of those food-chemistry wonders that, like fish sauce or sauerkraut, is a testament to the human capacity to let food rot in the quest to create a tastier product - and, in this case, unleashing a modest food's full potential." Arellano was referring to the pre-Columbian practice of soaking dried corn kernels in lime and ash to remove their hulls and deaden their germs. Although the technique was probably first designed to make corn easier to grind, the resultant chewy nubs (known as pozolli in Nahuatl, a native Mexican language) also were more resilient, better tasting and more nutritious than untreated raw corn. The method traveled wherever corn did. In his classic book, "Southern Food: At Home, On the Road, In History," John Egerton quoted an old-time recipe from Montezuma, Tenn. calling for 21/2 gallons of dried white corn kernels and 2 tablespoons of lye. Southern cooks were apt to boil hominy the way Northern cooks boiled potatoes, but hominy can also be added to stews, chopped or dried and milled to make hominy grits. And here's where the terminology gets confusing: According to Anson Mills, hominy grits is an extinct foodway. But in the Lowcountry, fresh-milled stone-ground grits are traditionally referred to as hominy grist. Once cooked, the coarse grits become "hominy" in the local lexicon. Where to buy it Check the Latin food aisle of any supermarket for canned hominy. A 15-ounce can typically sells for a few dollars. Where we saw it Graze (Cornflake-Crusted Catfish With Butterbean, Sweet Corn, and Hominy Succotash And Cherry Tomato Jam, $10) Where else you can try it Squares of fried hominy (in the Lowcountry sense) are a standard side item at The Wreck, while Los Parados is one of many area Mexican restaurants offering pozole, a pork stew with hominy (in the ancient sense.) Notice about comments:
Children's Lives in an Era of Children's Rights: The Progress of the Convention on the Rights of the Child in Africa The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), which was adopted unanimously by the United Nations General Assembly in 1989, marked a turning point in the perception of children in international law and policy. Although it was hoped that the Convention would have a significant and positive impact on the lives of all children, this has not happened in many parts of the world. This edited volume, based on empirical research and Non-Governmental Organisation project data, explores the progress of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and to a lesser extent, the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, in nine African countries in the 25 years since it was adopted by the UN General Assembly. The book considers the implementation of the Convention both in terms of policy and practice, and its impact on the lived experiences of children in societies across the continent, focusing on specific themes such as HIV/AIDS, education and disability, child labour, witchcraft stigmatisation, street children, parent-child relationships and child participation. The book breaks new ground in blending legal and social perspectives of the experiences of children, and identifies concrete ways forward for the better implementation of the CRC treaty in the various political contexts that exist in Africa. Editor: Imoh, Afua Twum-Danso Editor: Ansell, Nicola Title: Children's Lives in an Era of Children's Rights: The Progress of the Convention on the Rights of the Child in Africa Pages: 00280 (Encrypted EPUB) On Sale: 2014-01-03 Category: Law : Family Law – Children Category: Law : Child Advocacy Category: Law : International
Updated May 2018 Ever since same-sex marriage was legalized in the Netherlands in 2001 (props to the Netherlands for always being at the front of progressive change), the legalization of same-sex marriage has snowballed throughout the world. 28 countries (26 with another two pending) now legally recognize the right for same sex couples to marry, so if you’re part of the LGBTQI community, and want to travel, live overseas, or plan a destination wedding, these countries will recognize your right. More than 760 million people now live in countries where same-sex marriage is legal, and I encourage all travelers to support those countries at the forefront of equality and recognition of human rights. Dear LGBTQI Travelers: This is Where Same-Sex Marriage is Legal in the World At a Glance As of May 2018 Same-sex marriage is legal in these 26 countries: Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Denmark (including Greenland and the Faroe Islands), Finland, France, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain, South Africa, Sweden, United Kingdom (excluding Northern Ireland), United States, Uruguay. The Netherlands (2001) The Netherlands was the first country to legalize same-sex marriage. The Dutch Parliament passed legislation by a three-to-one margin which allows same-sex couples to legally marry, divorce and adopt children. The civil marriage statute now reads, “A marriage can be contracted by two people of different or the same sex.” While conservative religious groups continue to oppose the law, same-sex marriage is widely accepted by the Dutch public. Belgium’s parliament voted to allow same-sex marriage in 2003, with very little controversy. Same-sex couples have been able to adopt children since 2006. Same-sex couples have had limited rights in Belgium since 1998 (you could register your relationship and formally assume joint responsibility for a household), though the 2003 legislation reflected equal terms for tax and inheritance rights. Belgium recognizes marriages from other countries where same-sex marriage is legal. You can marry here so long as one person in the relationship has lived in Belgium for at least three months. For one of the most divided countries on the issue, Spain’s parliament narrowly passed some of the world’s most liberal marriage equality laws. While strongly criticized and publicly opposed by large crowds and Catholic officials, their marriage statute now reads, “Marriage will have the same requirements and results when the two people entering into the contract are of the same sex or of different sexes.” After the law passed two municipal court judges refused marriage licenses to same-sex couples. The high court ruled that these judges had no standing to do so. What started as a series of court cases beginning in 2003, Canada became the first country outside of Europe to legalize same-sex marriage in 2005. A year later the ruling Conservative Party attempted to repeal the legislation, but were defeated and the law remained unchanged. South Africa (2006) South Africa is the only country in Africa to have legalized same-sex marriage. Legislation passed in 2006, a year after the High Court found that restricting marriage to heterosexuals was discriminatory and unconstitutional. The legislation passed through Parliament with overwhelming support, though does allow for marriage celebrants to refuse to conduct same-sex marriage ceremonies, which has been criticized as violating the constitutional right to marriage for all. “The traditional monarch of the Zulu people, who account for about one-fifth of the country’s population, maintains that homosexuality is morally wrong.” Norway has had a law in place permitting civil unions since 1993, however this was replaced with full marriage and adoption rights in 2009. Parliament was split over the issue, with resistance from members of the Christian Democratic Party and the Progress Party, as well as a public controversy over state funding for fertility treatments for lesbian couples (the law also allows gay couples to undergo artificial insemination). After initially protesting this change, the Norwegian Lutheran Church has changed their stance and has been sanctioning same sex marriages since early 2017. Sweden’s parliament passed same-sex marriage in 2009 with an overwhelming majority. Gay and lesbian couples had been able to register for a civil union since 1995. The Church of Sweden allows clergy to officiate ceremonies, despite the law not requiring them to (roughly three quarters of Sweden belongs to the Lutheran Church of Sweden). Mexico (2009). Same-sex marriage in Mexico is legislated on a State by State basis. While not a nation wide right, in 2015 the Mexican Supreme Court ruled that same-sex couples could seek a court injunction against state laws which ban gay marriage. Same-sex marriage is legal in the Mexican States of Mexico City, Quintana Roo, Coahuila and Chihuahua. Marriages performed in Mexico City are legally valid nation wide and must be accepted throughout the country. Portugal legalised same-sex marriage in 2010 through a parliamentary vote, though shortly after, President Anibal Cavaco Silva issued a presidential veto, asking the Constitutional Court to review the vote. The Court declared the law to be constitutionally valid, and the president signed it. Same-sex couples in Portugal do not yet have the right to adopt children. Public opinion in Iceland had supported same-sex marriage long before it was legalized in 2010, and as such, it was passed in parliament with unanimous support. One of the first people to marry under the new law was the country’s Prime Minister, Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir, who married her partner, Jónína Leósdóttir. Couples were already able to adopt, and had been able to register as domestic partners since 1996. Argentina’s legislation for same-sex marriage only narrowly passed, though in 2010, they became the first country in Latin and South America allow it. Under the law, same-sex couples have the same rights and responsibilities as heterosexual couples do, including the right to adopt children. The law sparked huge controversy among Catholic and Protestant groups in the country, and there was vigorous opposition against it. Prior to the national law, a number of local jurisdictions had already been offering civil unions. While Denmark passed same-sex marriage legislation in 2012, couples already had the right to register as partners and adopt children. In fact, they were the first country to allow same-sex couples to register as domestic partners in 1989. After the bill was passed, Queen Margrethe II gave her royal assent. Under this law, the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Denmark must allow same-sex couples to marry in churches, however individual clergy may decline to officiate the ceremony if they wish. While the Evangelical Lutheran Church is the State Church of Denmark, other religious groups are allowed to determine for themselves whether or not to allow same-sex weddings in their churches. France’s move to legalize same-sex marriage and adoption in 2013, saw hundreds of thousands of protesters and counter-protesters take to the streets. It was immediately challenged it in court, however the Constitutional Council ruled that the bill was constitutional. While opinion polls show that a majority of France supports the law, the opposition was intense, and since 2013, many anti-gay marriage protests have taken place. Brazil was the first country in the world to legalise same-sex marriage not through legislation, but with a court ruling. Brazil’s National Council of Justice ruled that same-sex couples should not be denied marriage licenses, allowing same-sex marriages to begin nationwide. Prior to this ruling, around half of Brazil’s local jurisdictions had already allowed same-sex marriage, and Same-sex unions had been legally recognized since 2004. Uruguay was the second country in Latin America to pass same-sex marriage legislation, a decision which was made with overwhelming support (Uruguay is among the most secular countries in Latin America). Civil unions have been permitted in Uruguay since 2008, and couples were given the right to adopt in 2009. Uruguay was the first Latin American country to have a national civil union law. New Zealand (2013) New Zealand was the first country in the Asia Pacific to legalise same-sex marriage (civil unions have been available since 2005). Their parliament comfortably passed the law (77-44) in 2013 which also allows gay couples to adopt. This law is only in regard to New Zealand proper – three other territories making up the Realm of New Zealand—the Cook Islands, Niue and Tokelau—do not perform or recognise same-sex marriage. England and Wales (2014) In 2013 British parliament passed a law which would legalise same-sex marriage in England and Wales the following year, and in 2014 the Scottish parliament passed a similar bill. Northern Ireland had the opportunity to pass same-sex marriage legislation, however it was voted down and remains illegal. (Scotland and Northern Ireland are semi-autonomous and have separate legislative bodies to decide many domestic issues, including the definition of marriage.) Queen Elizabeth II gave her “royal assent”, though the Church of England remains opposed to same-sex marriage, and are allowed to prohibit same-sex marriage weddings within the Church. That said, there is currently internal debate over the issue. In 2015 Ireland became the first country to legalise same-sex marriage by popular vote via a referendum. Despite being a Catholic country, 62% of Irish voters voted yes, to amend the Constitution of Ireland to say that “marriage may be contracted in accordance with law by two persons without distinction as to their sex.” “While some Catholic Church leaders opposed the change, Dublin Archbishop Diarmuid Martin wrote a commentary in The Irish Times newspaper saying that he would not tell people how to vote and that he had “no wish to stuff my religious views down other people’s throats.” Luxembourg’s parliament overwhelmingly supported same-sex marriage and adoption legislation in 2014, which was enacted on January 1, 2015. This was the first major re-write to the country’s marriage legislation since 1804. The yes campaign was championed by Prime Minister Xavier Bettel, who married his partner four months after the law came into effect. The United States (2015) In a divided ruling of the Supreme Court, the United States passed same-sex marriage legislation in 2015, and it was instantly legalized across all 50 states. Prior to the court ruling, 36 states had already legislated the issue themselves, with Massachusetts having recognized same-sex marriage for 11 years. For those in Austin, Texas, we recommend Zachary Hunt Photorgaphy; many of his photographs appear here (full photo credits at the end of post). A Catholic majority country, Colombia’s top court voted to legalize same-sex marriage in 2016. The 6-3 vote ruled that the country’s constitution guaranteed the right to same sex marriage for LGBT+ citizens. According to a Pew Research Center survey, conducted between November 28, 2013 and March 4, 2014, 28% of Colombians supported same-sex marriage, and 64% were opposed. Greenland (2016) & the Faroe Islands (2017) Two autonomous territories of Denmark, Greenland and the Faroe islands are self governing nations and have bodies which legislate their own laws. This means that they were not subject to Denmark’s legislation for same-sex marriage which passed in 2012. That said, Greenland’s parliament unanimously voted to adopt the marriage and adoption legislation, and the Danish law came into effect for 56,000 Greenlanders in 2016. It has been legal in the Faroe Islands since 1 July 2017. With the enactment of same-sex marriage legislation in Finland in 2017, all 5 Nordic countries now recognize the right of same-sex couples to marry (the Nordic countries are Denmark, Iceland, Norway and Sweden). The Finnish parliament passed same-sex marriage legislation in late 2014, though a citizens’ petition was lodged to repeal the law, and was only defeated in 2017. The bill for marriage equality itself started out as a citizens’ initiative – a public petition with a reported 167,000 signatures. In Slovenia, civil partnerships have been recognised since 2006, however same-sex marriage has only recently become legal in February 2017. Although the law will give couples largely the same rights as heterosexual ones, it still bans them from jointly adopting children. Couples can adopt children from a partner’s previous relationship but not unrelated children. Despite being a deeply Catholic nation, Malta’s parliament almost unanimously voted to legalize same-sex marriage in July 2017, and it became legal on September 1. This came three years after passing a law permitting civil partnerships; only one politician out of 67 in the Maltese parliament voted against the legislation, signalling its broad support on the island nation. Legislation passed parliament for same sex marriage in Australia on December 7 2017, around a month after a majority of Australians (62%) voted in favour of legalising it in a voluntary postal survey. The first same sex marriages were held in Australia in January 2018 after the legislation became law. In a snap vote by MP’s, same-sex marriage and adoption was legalised in Germany on June 30 2017, and will become law later in the year. This makes Germany the 15th European country to enact legislation allowing same-sex couples to wed. It was a 393-226 vote after “Chancellor Angela Merkel surprised many by saying that members of her ruling Christian Democratic Union should be able to vote their conscience despite the party being formally opposed to same-sex marriage.” In May 2017 Taiwan’s top court ruled in favor of same-sex marriage, and issued an ultimatum to the parliament: legislate same-sex marriage within two years or it will become legal regardless. This landmark ruling will mean the country is first in Asia to allow gay couples to marry, and “cements its reputation as beacon of liberalism”. Even before the ruling, President Tsai Ing-wen promised to legislate for same-sex marriage. Related: In 2012 I completed my Honors Thesis for the University of Canberra College of Law on “The Implications of Gender Reassignment Surgery on Marriage in Australia”. If interested in further reading click to download. SUPPORT THE YES CAMPAIGN. CLICK PHOTO TO BUY ON AMAZON ↓ INSPIRED?! PIN THIS TO YOUR TRAVEL PINTEREST BOARDS ↓ If You Liked This Post You May Also Like: Comment Policy: We would love to hear from you, please feel free to voice your view. Please note that we will remove any comments (regardless of your stance) which are hateful, degrading, use foul language, or aim to shame another person for their beliefs, lifestyle, or point of view. Photo credits: Featured header image by Ted Eytan. Gay wedding by Tom Pumford for Smart Photo Courses via Flickr. Mrs & Mrs Cake by Zachary Hunt of Zachary Hunt Photography. Blue rings by kmadrone. Lindsey and Shaun’s Wedding by Zachary Hunt. Brides in blue by kmadrone. Dr. Bob Wallace and JoJo Brian Reibel by CityofStPete. Tuzedo with pink rose by Zachary Hunt. Phillip and Justin’s Wedding by Zachary Hunt. Two brides (featured in Pinterest image) by masterdesigner.
1 Answer \| Add Yours The protagonist of a story is the main character, the character in which all of the events of the story surround. The protagonist can also be called the hero of the story. As Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy, the protagonist, or hero, will also be called the tragic hero. According to the standard, accepted definition, a tragic hero is a person of high social position, such as a prince or a lord's son, who is generally noble and virtuous, but also has some fatal character flaw that leads to his demise. Romeo certainly fits the definition of a tragic hero as well as a protagonist. Any quotes that will help portray Romeo as the protagonist as well as the tragic hero will show how he is central to the story line as well as what his tragic character flaws are. We get the sense that Romeo is central to the story line when we first hear about him and meet him in the very first scene. Immediately after the brawl, Lord and Lady Montague start worrying about their son, asking Benvolio if had seen him, and telling about how Romeo had lately been seen staying up all night long and crying. Since this is the opening scene, his family fretting over him shows us that he is a central figure. In addition, when Romeo finally does appear onstage, he makes a very astute observation about love and hatred that actually captures a central theme in the play, showing us just how important Romeo is to the story. Romeo makes the observation in the lines: O me! What fray was here? Yet tell me not, for I have heard it all. Here's much to do with hate, but more with love. Why then, O brawling love! O loving hate! (I.i.171-74) The most important line in this speech is, "Here's much to do with hate, but more with love." What Romeo is observing is that the feud between the Montagues and Capulets is actually being caused by each family's own love of their own ideals and perspectives. Therefore, it is their own ideals and perspectives that are causing the hatred they feel towards each other. The families' love is creating hatred, leading to the feud. Hence, these lines depict the central theme of love vs. hatred, and since Romeo is speaking the lines, they show us that he is the central character. Another good passage portraying Romeo as a tragic hero, having character flaws that will soon lead to his demise, can be found in the scene in which Romeo allows his friends to persuade him to crash the ball. Romeo has already expressed his hesitation in going. In fact, he states that he feels it is an unwise idea. He had a dream he considers prophetical that showed him something terrible would happen as a result of his crashing the ball, such as his early death, as we see in his lines: ... for my mind misgives Some consequence, yet hanging in the stars, Shall bitterly begin his fearful date With this night's revels and expire the term Of a despised life, clos'd in my breast, By some vile forfeit of untimely death. (I.iv.113-18) Since Romeo feels so passionate about not going, seeing it as dangerous, the fact that he allows his friends to persuade him otherwise shows us that he is very young and rash, which happen to be two character traits that lead to his downfall, showing us that he is a tragic hero. Not only do these lines portray him as a tragic hero through revealing his character flaws, they also foreshadow his upcoming demise, again, showing us that he is the tragic hero, or protagonist. We’ve answered 288,519 questions. We can answer yours, too.Ask a question
Africa’s sleeping giant 400 million hectares of Guinea Savannah land ripe for commercial farming 22 June 2009, Rome – A vast stretch of African savannah land that spreads across 25 countries has the potential to turn several African nations into global players in bulk commodity production, according to a study just published by FAO and the World Bank. The book, entitled Awakening Africa’s Sleeping Giant - Prospects for Commercial Agriculture in the Guinea Savannah Zone and Beyond, arrives at its positive conclusions by comparing the region with northeast Thailand and the Cerrado region of Brazil. At the moment only ten percent of the Guinea Savannah zone, a vast area of around 600 million hectares of land from Senegal to South Africa, with 400 million hectares suitable for farming, is actually cropped. The Cerrado and northeast Thailand, like the Guinea Savannah both had physical disadvantages; abundant but unreliable rainfall patterns, poor soils and a high population density in the case of Thailand; and remoteness, soils prone to acidity and toxicity and low population in the case of the Cerrado. In both countries, successive governments created the conditions for agricultural growth “characterized by favourable macroeconomic policies, adequate infrastructure, a strong human capital base, competent government administration, and political stability,” according to the publication. Indeed, Africa is better placed today to achieve rapid development in agriculture than either northeast Thailand or the Cerrado when their agricultural transformation took off in 1980, the study argues. There are a number of reasons for this: rapid economic, population and urban growth providing diverse and ample domestic markets; favourable domestic policy environments, improved business climates in many countries; increased foreign and domestic investment in agriculture; and the use of new technologies. Small farmer growth If development is to be equitable and social conflict is to be avoided, then a smallholder-led agricultural transformation such as the one undergone by Thailand is a better model than that which happened in Brazil with large-scale farming led by wealthy farmers, the study finds. “Commercial agriculture in Africa can and should involve smallholders to maximize growth and spread benefits widely,” said Michael Morris, Lead Agricultural Economist with the World Bank in Madagascar. “Large-scale mechanized production does not offer any obvious cost advantages, except under certain very specific circumstances and is far more likely to lead to social conflict,” he said. The experience of Thailand and Brazil shows that when smallholder farmers are involved in development, then poverty reduction is greater and local demand stimulated. In the case of low-value staples however, it is unlikely that land-constrained households farming 1-2 hectares or less will be able to earn sufficient income to exit poverty. The emerging pattern of commercial agriculture in the African Guinea Savannah therefore must provide diversification opportunities for producers of low-staples, the publication argues. Changing the use of land in the Guinea Savannah to agriculture will inevitably bring some environmental costs, the study found, but that agriculture can also benefit the environment. “Commercialization of agriculture through intensification can reduce environmental damage by slowing the spread of agriculture into fragile and/or environmentally valuable lands,” said Morris. “However intensification brings with it risks of environmental damage through destruction of vulnerable ecosystems and the excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides.” As agricultural intensification takes place, governments must take care to monitor environmental impacts and implement measures to reduce or avoid damage. “Fortunately, there is a wealth of experience from other countries on which to draw,” said Guy Evers, Africa Service Chief in the FAO Investment Centre. The publication is a shortened version of a larger study drawn up by officials from the World Bank with technical advice from FAO experts and funding from Italy.
Every animal on Earth needs water to live, and that is especially true of humans. Depending on your height and weight, you could need more water than the average amount, but every person needs water because dehydration causes cellular breakdown in the body. The problem isn’t that you don’t understand you need more water, but trying to find time and circumstances to get your daily recommended amount. Here are some different ways to ensure you get plenty of water every day. When You Wake Up Everyone should have a healthy wake up routine where they wake up, stretch, brush their teeth, eat breakfast and so forth. Add the step of drinking a glass of water right when you wake up. This is good for your body because it will get your bodily functions moving right away, so that you can have proper elimination during the day and provide fresh fluids for your vital organs. Also, your mind will function more efficiently, because you’re giving it something vital to promote proper cellular functionality. You will become sharper by the time you get to work, school, or any other activities where you need to use your mind. Get a Water Bottle or a Dedicated Cup It’s all about the cup! If you keep a water bottle around, you will find it easier to remember to drink water, and you will be far less likely to reach for a sugary drink. Another great advantage of having a water bottle is that it will help you to be more aware of the amount of water that you drink in a day. Some people will even go as far as buying a water bottle that visibly measures how much water they’ve drank. Even more lavish, there are high-tech options that communicate with applications that will electronically monitor your water intake and deliver them to your phone. During sleep, it is inevitable that you will lose small amounts of water. When you go 7 – 8 hours without any sort of fluids, your mind and body can become somewhat dehydrated. While you won’t want to consume a large quantity of water right before going to sleep, it could be a very good thing if you were to drink a smaller cup of water about 30 minutes before going to bed. This will prepare you for morning elimination and help prepare for the amount of water lost during the night. Learning to regulate your nervous system & emotions with effective stress management practices and evidence-based neuroscience tools to balance your mind, body and integrated brain is also essential to reducing stress and sleeping better. To learn more about developing the “how-to” skills for listening your body’s inner wisdom or inner guidance system visit my website to take the Body Intelligence Quiz or contact Penny via email firstname.lastname@example.org
David Bourget (Western Ontario) David Chalmers (ANU, NYU) Rafael De Clercq Ezio Di Nucci Jack Alan Reynolds Learn more about PhilPapers Dissertation, University of Amsterdam (2010) This dissertation is a contribution to the philosophy of language. Its central question is: In virtue of which facts do linguistic expressions mean what they do? E.g. why does “apple” mean apple in English? The question receives a systematic answer; in short: Linguistic expressions mean what they do because among their users, there are linguistic conventions and social norms to use and understand them in certain ways. The answer is clarified and defended as a central thesis. For in this form, it is at best a slogan: What is meaning? What is it to use and understand expressions? What are conventions and social norms anyway? How does the use and understanding determine meaning? The goal of the dissertation consists in answering these questions. \|Keywords\|\|No keywords specified (fix it)\| \|Categories\|\|categorize this paper)\| Setup an account with your affiliations in order to access resources via your University's proxy server Configure custom proxy (use this if your affiliation does not provide a proxy) \|Through your library\| References found in this work BETA No references found. Citations of this work BETA No citations found. Similar books and articles Peter Pagin (2006). Meaning Holism. In Ernest Lepore & Barry C. Smith (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Language. OUP Oxford Zoltán Gendler Szabó (2008). Structure and Conventions. [REVIEW] Philosophical Studies 137 (3):399 - 408. Zoltán Gendler Szabó (2008). Review: Structure and Conventions. [REVIEW] Philosophical Studies 137 (3):399 - 408. Ronald Loeffler (2009). Neo-Pragmatist (Practice-Based) Theories of Meaning. Philosophy Compass 4 (1):197-218. Jeff Speaks (2009). Introduction, Transmission, and the Foundations of Meaning. In Sarah Sawyer (ed.), New Waves in Philosophy of Language. Palgrave Macmillan Paul Ernest (1990). The Meaning of Mathematical Expressions: Does Philosophy Shed Any Light on Psychology? British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 41 (4):443-460. Stephen Schiffer (2013). Meaning In Speech and In Thought. Philosophical Quarterly 63 (250):141-159. Dean Pettit (2002). Why Knowledge is Unnecessary for Understanding Language. Mind 111 (443):519-550. Adrienne Lehrer (1970). Theory of Meaning. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.,Prentice-Hall. Anthony Dardis (1994). How the Radically Interpreted Make Mistakes. Dialogue 33 (03):415-. Corinne Iten (2005). Linguistic Meaning, Truth Conditions and Relevance: The Case of Concessives. Palgrave Macmillan. Alexander Barber (1997). Tacit-Knowledge of Linguistic Theories. Dissertation, Mcgill University (Canada) Sebastian Löbner (2002). Understanding Semantics. Oxford University Press. Added to index2011-11-23 Total downloads46 ( #79,545 of 1,781,368 ) Recent downloads (6 months)2 ( #207,233 of 1,781,368 ) How can I increase my downloads?