lighteval/med_mcqa · Datasets at Hugging Face

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Which of the following drugs is effective against pseudomonas infection?	Polymyxin 8 and Colistin Polymyxin and colistin were obtained in the late 1940s from Bacillus polymyxa and B. colistinus respectively. They are active against gramnegative bacteria only; all except Proteus, Serratia and Neisseria are inhibited. Both have very similar range of activity, but colistin is more potent on Pseudomonas, Salmonella and Shigella. Mechanism of action They are rapidly acting bactericidal agents; have a detergent-like action on the cell membrane. They have high affinity for phospholipids: the peptide molecules (or their aggregates) orient between the phospholipid and protein films in gram-negative bacterial cell membrane causing membrane distoion or pseudopore formation. As a result ions, amino acids, etc. leak out. Sensitive bacteria take up more of the antibiotic. They may also inactivate the bacterial endotoxin. They exhibit synergism with many other AMAs by improving their penetration into the bacterial cell. ESSENTIALS OF MEDICAL PHARMACOLOGY K.D.TRIPATHI SIXTH EDITION PAGE NO:734	3	Ampicillin	Ceftriaxone	Colistin	Cefixime	Pharmacology	Chemotherapy	d036148a-7bdb-4cf6-ad39-be4dca693310	single
Infliximab ?	Ans. is 'c' i.e., Chimeric antibody against TNF alpha	3	CD 20 antagonist	IL6 antagonist	Chimeric antibody against TNF alpha	Chimeric antibody against Her2-neu	Pharmacology	null	8b9ffacd-f864-45de-b835-f6746007a55a	single
Alpha methyldopa primarily used for	Methyldopa was primarily used in the past but is now used widely for pregnancy induced hypeension. Refer katzung 11e p173	1	Pregnancy induced hypeension	Renovascular hypeension	First line agent in hypeension	Refractory hypeension	Pharmacology	Cardiovascular system	4ff035e3-f116-4b92-b214-d6579ee9988b	single
Figure of 8 appearance is seen in	null	3	Paracoccidiomycosis	Coccidiomycosis	Blastomycosis	Sporotrichosis	Microbiology	null	920cbe2f-3212-444d-b068-7ffd8433cac7	single
A 22 year old woman developed small itchy wheals after physical exeion, walking in the sun, eating hot spicy food and when she was angry. The most likely diagnosis is:	D i.e. Cholinergic Uicaria	4	Chronic idiopathic utricaria	Heat uicaria	Solar uicaria	Cholinergic uicaria	Skin	null	c79ceb7e-0bc4-465d-99d4-dec847224acb	multi
All are features of Lobar pneumonia except	Consolidation in Lobar pneumonia in Non - segmental.	3	Homogeneous consolidation	Air bronchogram sign present	Segmental consolidation	Typical of pneumococcal infection	Medicine	null	335c1f79-9ab9-4f35-997b-69fe3c3cf0fe	multi
Frame shift mutation DOESN'T occur in multiples of:	Ans: (b) 3Ref: Harper's Biochemistry 30th edn. / 417-18* Frame-shift mutations* The genetic code is read in form of triplets of nucleotides which are known as codons.* If one or two base pairs from the code are removed or inserted, the genetic code will be misread from that change onwards, because the genetic code is not punctuated. Therefore the amino acid sequence translated from the change onwards will be completely changed. This is known as frame shift mutation.* However if the removal /insertion happens in multiples of three, rest of the reading frame doesn't change and hence the amino acid sequence will not change.	2	2	3	4	5	Biochemistry	Molecular Genetics	2f448829-2433-4861-ac84-0533bf524c62	single
Among the following, which one is considered as 'pathologic problem' while planning treatment in orthodontics?	Inadequate attached gingiva around crowded incisors indicates the possibility of tissue dehiscence developing when the teeth are aligned, especially with non-extraction (arch expansion) treatment. proffit page 173	3	Tendency of lower jaw and teeth to be behind upper	Deep overbite	Minimal attached gingiva in lower anterior region	Decalcification	Dental	null	01292a7b-e4cf-47a6-874f-db071aa76942	single
Best view for nasal bone ?	Ans. is 'a' i.e., Lateral	1	Lateral	Towne's	Cald-well	Submentoveical	ENT	null	2d1dac92-532c-4fa6-95f7-e946408ef2fb	single
Which of the following is true regrading spinal cord and neuraxial blockade	Spinal cord ends at upper border of L3 in children , and at lower border of L1 in adults. The dural sac extends upto S3 in children and S2 in adults.	2	Spinal cord ends at S1 in adults	Spinal anaesthesia is given below L3 level in children	Dural sac extends upto S2 in children	Spinal cord ends at lower border of L1 in children	Anaesthesia	null	ca9a743a-4f82-46b1-bc78-6318cb3c1e32	multi
Poorest prognosis in AML is seen in which cytogenetic abnormality -	null	1	Monosomy 7	No cytogenetic abnormality	t (15, 17)	inv. 16	Medicine	null	bb601f8b-bda4-43aa-83c1-494c8c72eadf	single
Mysthenia gravis is which type of hypersensitivity	null	2	Type I	Type II	Type III	Type IV	Microbiology	null	be8e712c-c757-4d8b-8f1b-f4ce2577732c	single
All are seen in ARDS, except :	Answer is C (Hypercapnia): ARDS results in Type I Respiratory failure and is characterized by normal or low PaCO2 (Hypocapnia) and not Hypercapnia (see previous explanation on types of respiratory failure). ARDS (Acute Respiratory distress syndrome) ARDS is an acute form of lung injury characterized by: Increased permeability of alveolar capillary membrane. Diffuse alveolar damage. Accumulation of proteinaceous pulmonary edema (non cardiogenic pulmonary edema Q)	3	Pulmonary edema	Decreased tidal volume	Hypercapnia	Decreased compliance	Medicine	null	040a5d22-db59-4751-9702-642d44b04da6	multi
The highest E.S.R. is seen in following conditions except:	Polycythemia rubra	4	Polymyositis rheumatica	Multiple myeloma	Temporal activities	Polycythemia rubra	Pathology	null	a305d620-7233-4c6a-9678-d834e10e048e	multi
Pit viper beongs to -	Ans. is 'd' i.e., Crotalidae o Poisonous snakes are divided into six families:Viperidae - Russell's viper, gaboon viper, saw scaled viper, puff adder. They are found in all parts of world except America.Crotalidae - Rattlesnakes, pigmy rattlesnakes, copperheads, pit viper & bush master. They are found in Asia and America.Elapidae - Cobras, kraits, mambas, tiger snake, death adder, copperhead snakes and coral snakes. They are found in all parts of world except Europe.Hydrophidae or sea snakes - All sea snakes are poisonous but they seldom bite.Colubridae - Boomslangs, bird snake of the African continent.Atractaspididae - African & Middle Eastern burrowing asps or stiletto snakes.	4	Viperidae	Elapidae	Sea snakes	Crotalidae	Forensic Medicine	Toxicology	869291f6-ecb1-4249-97c5-f863547e35aa	single
"Pointing index" is due to paralysis of:	Ans. is 'a' i.e. Median nerve Pointing index:On asking the pt. to make a fist, it is noticed that the index finger remains straight.This is d/t Paralysis of the flexor digitorum superficialis and that of lateral half of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle (to the index finger) in median nerve palsy at a level of proximal to elbow.Some other related questions: Wrist drop is seen in-Radial nerve palsy Foot drop is seen in-Common peroneal nv palsy.Winging of the scapulaClaw hand(Main -en -griffe):-Long thoracic nerve palsy.* Partial claw hand-Ulnar nerve palsy Complete claw hand-Ulnar +Median nerve palsy Ape thumb deformity-Median nerve palsy Pointing index-Median nerve palsy Policeman's tip deformity*-Also k/a Erb's paralysis d/t injury in the region of the upper trunk of the brachial plexus.Nerve roots involved are mainly C5 & partly C6.	1	Median nerve	Ulnar nerve	Radial nerve	Auxiliary nerve	Orthopaedics	Peripheral Nerve Injuries	da14f0b5-70c9-493e-9f5e-f4cba95fd8d1	single
A 25 years old female comes to your clinic for evaluation of infertility. A hysterosalpingogram reveals Asherman's syndrome. What symptoms will the patient have?	Ans. is d, i.e. HypomenorrheaThe typical presenting symptom in adenomyosis is hypomenorrhea, i.e. less blood loss during menstruation.	4	Menorrhagia	Oligomenorrhea	Polymenorrhea	Hypomenorrhea	Gynaecology & Obstetrics	Endometriosis and Infertility	d028bfc8-59a3-4438-8af7-7393ea6cb4ab	single
Anticancer drug also used in RA, produces acrolein in urine that leads to hemorrhagic cystitis	Cyclophosphamide IMPOANT POINTS ON HEMORRHAGIC CYSTITIS: Drugs causing: Cyclophosphamide Ifosfamide Metabolite responsible: Acrolein - In Cyclophosphamide Chloracetaldehyde - In Ifosfamide Treatment: Mesna. Nitrogen mustards: 1. Cyclophosphamide: Powerful vesicant Prodrug - Activated by hepatic biotransformation to aldophosphamide. Acrolein - One of its degradation products. Responsible for hemorrhagic cystitis - Characteristic adverse effect. Use: DOC for Wegener's granulomatosis. Adverse effects: Hemorrhagic cystitis (Characteristic) - Treated by mercapto ethane sulfonic acid (mesna). May cause cardiac dysfunction, pulmonary toxicity & syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion. 2. Ifosfamide: Produces chloracetaldehyde & acrolein as metabolites. Adverse effects: HIGHER risk of neurotoxicity & hemorrhagic cystitis. Chloracetaldehyde - Responsible for nephrotoxic.	1	Cyclophosphamide	Busulfan	Procarbazine	Mesna	Pharmacology	null	c2a03ce1-bcc1-4152-9f7b-bbf0ff9845c4	single
Hyponasal voice is seen in all except	Causes of hyponasality are Common cold Nasal allergy Nasal polyp Nasal growth Adenoids Nasopharyngeal mass Familial speech pattern Habitual Ref: PL Dhingra; Textbook of EAR, NOSE and THROAT; edition 7; Page - 357	3	Adenoids	Nasal Polyp	Cleft palate	Habitual	ENT	Larynx	6baabbb7-cbab-4ddb-8a82-83687e116a0e	multi
Filled sealants are better than unfilled due to:	null	4	High viscosity	High strength	Cotton application	Low abrasion	Dental	null	927baa63-8457-4b6f-8f90-3575113ca076	single
Receptor for HIV?	Ans. (a) CD4	1	CD4	CD3	CD5	CD56	Microbiology	null	3484dcf6-de53-41af-9e6b-e0c02bc24d6f	single
While doing thoracocentesis, it is advisable to introduce needle along:	A i.e. Upper border of rib:	1	Upper border of the rib.	Lower border of the rib	Lower border of the rib	In anterior pa of intercostal space.	Anatomy	null	cc3a7f6d-55eb-4b8d-a912-a05191eee830	single
In circulatory biomechanics which of the following is true?	Ans. is 'c' i.e., Cardiac output is increased in anemia Cardiac output is increased in conditions which cause decrease in peripheral vascular resistance :- Exercise AV fistula or shunt Severe anemia Thyrotoxicosis Wet beri-beri About other options Blood viscosity is low in anemia and high in polycythemia.	3	Blood viscosity is increased in anemia	Blood viscosity is decreased in polycythemia	Cardiac output is increased in anemia	Cardiac output is decreased in Beri-Beri	Physiology	null	cc522bdc-db80-48f6-bebe-995fff814e8d	multi
Local anesthetic that is not used topically is?	Bupivacaine REF: Miller 6th e p. 590 Topical ( surface ) anesthetics Not used as surface (topical) ) anesthetics * Lignocaine * Procaine * Tetracaine * Bupivacaine * Dibucaine * Mepivacaine * Prilocaine * Cocaine	4	Lignocaine	Dibucaine	Tetracaine	Bupivacaine	Anaesthesia	null	48cf81dd-12a1-48d5-ba70-9dcc672e401d	multi
Mycobacterium scrofulaceum which cause scrofula, belongs to which groups of atypical mycobacteria -	Ans. is 'b' i.e., Scotochromogens	2	Photochromogens	Scotochromogens	Non-photochromogens	Rapid growers	Microbiology	null	4fc5b8ee-da44-46b7-94c2-b836eb1336b9	single
Which of the following is best for transport of the newborn with maintenance of warm temperature –	"Preferably mother should accompany and baby can be transported in KlI4C position. Even father can provide KII/IC during transport if mother can not a company	1	Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC)	Transport incubator	Thermacol box	Hot bottle	Pediatrics	null	2041597c-0b64-4562-bb25-ecd94b4ea426	single
cove sensitization is used for	In cove sensitization also called as imagined punishment, the individual who wants to quit alcohol will be asked to think about adverse consequences of taking alcohol like getting arrested for drunken driving or facing a accident underintoxicated state. He would be told to dream as if if he is drunk and lies intoxicated in the road and has to be brought back to the home by family members where he will be given lot of advice from neighbours and there would be a loss of respect. While these imagined exposure the patient feels bad and makes sure thet he should quit alcohol and his thoughts ahgainst alcohol increases. Ref.kaplon and sadock, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no. 845	4	PTSD	hysteria	brain injury	alcohol use	Anatomy	Treatment in psychiatry	7b535d72-590a-462c-881c-0898755b9b45	single
A 6 month old baby brought to emergency depament with features of cardiac failure. On examination, she found to have developmental delay and a large tongue. Echocardiography shows severe concentric LVH. The most probable diagnosis is:	The type of glycogen storage disease that primarily involves the hea is Pompe disease (GSD IIa) in which acid maltase, necessary for hydrolysis of the outer branches of glycogen, is absent. There is marked deposition of glycogen within the myocardium. Affected infants are well at bih, but symptoms of growth and developmental delay, feeding problems, and cardiac failure occur by the sixth month of life. Physical examination reveals generalized muscular weakness, a large tongue, and cardiomegaly without significant hea murmurs. Chest radiographs reveal cardiomegaly with or without pulmonary venous congestion. The ECG shows a sho PR interval and LVH with ST depression and T-wave inversion over the left precordial leads. Echocardiography shows severe concentric LVH. Children with Pompe disease usually die before age 1 year. Death may be sudden or result from progressive HF. Ref: Darst J.R., Collins K.K., Miyamoto S.D. (2012). Chapter 20. Cardiovascular Diseases. In W.W. Hay, Jr., M.J. Levin, R.R. Deterding, J.J. Ross, J.M. Sondheimer (Eds), CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment: Pediatrics, 21e.	1	Pompe disease	Von Gierke's disease	Forbe's Disease	McArdle's disease	Pediatrics	null	42ebdd47-f82c-4bd1-9f92-69cb9197d914	single
Which of the following complement components attaches to the crystallizable fragment of immunoglobulin M ?	Ans. is 'c' i.e., Clqrs Only IgM and IgG activate or fix complement the classic pathway. Of the IgGs, only IgG subclasses 1, 2 and 3 fix complement; IgG4 does not.CI, which is bound to a site in the Fc region, is composed of three proteins: Clq, CI r and Cls. Clq is an aggregate of polypeptides that bind to the Fc poion of IgG and IgM.The antibody-antigen immune complex bound to CI activates C I s, which cleaves C4 and C2 to form C4b2b. The latter is an active C3 convease, which cleaves C3 molecules into two fragments: C3a and C3b.	3	C5b	C5a	Clqrs	C4b2a	Microbiology	null	a57bed41-700e-43ea-a1b1-6198f9e4d6f8	multi
All of the folowing opens into middle meatus except:	Superior Meatus The superior meatus lies below the superior concha. It receives the openings of the posterior ethmoid sinuses.Middle MeatusThe middle meatus lies below the middle concha. It has a rounded swelling called the bulla ethmoidalis that is formed by the middle ethmoidal air sinuses, which open on its upper border.A curved opening, the hiatus semilunaris, lies just below the bulla. The maxillary sinus opens into the middle meatus through the hiatus semilunaris.The opening of the frontal air sinus is seen in the anterior pa of the hiatus semilunarisInferior MeatusThe inferior meatus is below and lateral to the inferior nasal concha; the nasolacrimal duct opens into this meatus under cover of the anterior pa of the inferior concha.	3	Middle ethmoidal air sinuses	Maxillary sinus	Posterior ethmoid sinuses	Frontal air sinus	Anatomy	null	c6caa1fd-e9e1-4092-82c4-7ee720d41f70	multi
RPD is indicated in all except	null	2	Long edentulous span	Multiple edentulous spaces	Excessive loss of alveolar bone	Distal abutment Loss	Dental	null	dede0924-f2ca-4a69-b70c-57bbb3f0d80e	multi
Which of the following instruments is shown below?	Ans. (d) Slit lamp biomicroscope.	4	Retinoscope	Direct ophthalmoscope	Indirect ophthalmoscope	Slit lamp biomicroscope	Ophthalmology	Techniques of Ocular Examination and Diagnostic Tests	2774019b-8e71-4254-84e6-fdc603e68d3f	single
About cushing syndrome, true Is -	most cases the cause is bilateral adrenal hyperplasia due to hyper secretion of pituitary ACTH or ectopic production of ACTH by a non pituitary source ( Harrison 17 pg 2255)	4	Low dose dexamethasone suppress coisone secretion	CA of adrenal is more common than adenoma	Pituitary adenoma size > 2 cm (usually)	ACTH secretion is the commonest cause	Medicine	Endocrinology	1e28866e-fce0-41ba-a564-d31f49716219	multi
Best test for Small intestine malabsorption of carbohydrates is :	Answer is C (D-xylose test) D-xylose absorption test is the most commonly employed test for carbohydrate absorption - Harrison An endoscopic mucosal biopsy is the more specific test and is now considered essential. As endoscopic small intestinal biopsy' is not provided in the options 'D-xylose test' is the answer of the choke Evaluation of small intestine malabsorption of carbohydrates due to altered small intestinal mucosal function Urinary D-xylose test Non invasive test of choice Endoscopic mucosal biopsy Test of choice / preferred test `The ease of obtaining a mucosal biopsy of the small intestine by endoscopy and the false negative rate of the Dxylose test have led to its diminished use. When small intestinal disease is suspected, a small intestinal biopsy should be performed' - Harrison	3	Lund meal test :	Shilling test	D-Xylose test	Follacin test	Medicine	null	268d39c0-0404-4fdf-9a16-c3a372205a35	multi
A Thirty five year old female has proximal weakness of muscles, ptosis and easy fatigability. The most sensitive test to suggest the diagnosis is -	null	4	Muscle Biopsy	CPK levels	Edrophonium test	Single fiber EMG	Medicine	null	37a22b3f-52f9-434c-8f18-ed2ce069a122	single
String sign is a radiological feature of -	String sign → Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, Ileocecal tuberculosis. String sign of Kantor → Crohn's disease String of bead sign → Small bowel obstruction	3	Crohn's disease	Ulcerative colitis	Ileocecal tuberculosis	Ischemic colitis	Radiology	null	be649016-c765-4f0a-a077-efe2d1c7633b	single
Alarm system (a reminder technique for digit sucking in mature children) was developed by:	Norton and Gellin developed 3 alarm system.	2	Massler	Norton and Gellin	Benjamin	Pinkham	Dental	null	e6f7cfa9-39ab-4b04-9cf9-042c68522151	single
Which level of prolactin definitely suggest hyperprolactinemia?	Elevations in prolactin may cause amenorrhea or galactorrhea. Amenorrhea without galactorrhea is associated with hyperprolactinemia in approximately 15% of women. In patients with both galactorrhea and amenorrhea, approximately two-thirds will have hyperprolactinemia; of those, approximately one-third will have a pituitary adenoma. In more than one-third of women with hyperprolactinemia, a radiologic abnormality consistent with a microadenoma (<1 cm) is found. Normal Prolactin levels Males: 2-20 ng/mL Females (non-pregnant): 2-30 ng/mL Pregnant females: 10-200 ng/mL A prolactin level of more than 200 ng/mL is usually due to a pituitary tumour and requires pituitary evaluation	1	200 ng/mL	150 ng/mL	50 ng/mL	100 ng/mL	Gynaecology & Obstetrics	Normal Menstruation, Abnormal Menstruation, Menopausal Physiology and forsight of conception	f4db2bbc-2f09-47bd-bfb5-a7eb1a3f525b	single
Bulge sign in knee joint is seen after how much fluid accumulation-	BULGE TEST is a useful method of testing when there is very little fluid in the joint.Usually occurs in medial meniscal injury. It can detect even 30 ml of fluid accumulation. After squeezing any fluid out of the suprapatellar pouch,the medial compament is emptied by pressing on the inner aspect of the joint; that hand is lifted away and the lateral side is sharply compressed-a distinct ripple is seen on the flattened medial surface as fluid is shunted across. REF:APLEY'S 9TH EDITION PAGE NO.550	4	100 ml	400 ml	200 ml	< 30 ml	Orthopaedics	Thigh, Knee,Leg,Foot & Ankle injuries	2688f6c0-2727-4446-ac82-aea615715ddd	single
An 11-year-old boy was brought to the pediatric OPD with multiple abscesses over his face, chest, and back. The child has a history of recurrentrespiratory infections. On examination, he has atopic excoriating skin and multiple cold abscesses on his back. What is the most probable diagnosis?	From the above clinical history and examination, the most probable diagnosis is Hyper IgE syndrome (Job's syndrome). It is an autosomal dominant primary immunodeficiency disease caused by a mutation of STAT3 gene. Neutrophils do not generate an immune response, probably due to a defect in chemotaxis. Patients present with recurrent staphylococcal skin abscesses, recurrent lung infections (pneumatoceles), eczema, eosinophilia and high serum levels of lgE. Reference: Ananthanarayan and Paniker&;s Textbook of Microbiology Tenth edition	1	Hyper IgE syndrome	Hyper IgM syndrome	Carcinoid syndrome	Wiskott aldrich syndrome	Microbiology	Immunology	b3b8f17f-25ac-4f83-9434-0efb1f1621b8	single
Material used in verterbroplasty is :	Ans. is 'd' i.e. Polymethyl methacrylate Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are interventional radiologic procedures for the treatment of the intense pain refractory to medical management or bracing caused by vertebral compression fracture associated with osteoporosis, tumors, and trauma.Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty involve intraosseous injection of acrylic cement- polymethyl methacrylate under local anesthesia and fluoroscopic guidance.Pain reduction or elimination is immediate, and the risk of complications is low. Neither vertebroplasty nor kyphoplasty are intended for the treatment of intervertebral disc disease or arthritis.Vertebroplasty may also be applied prophylactically to an at-risk vertebra between 2 other abnormal vertebrae.Vertebroplasty does not restore the height of the compressed vertebral body. A related procedure, kyphoplasty, is intended to restore lost height by inflating a balloon pump within and between the fracture fragments prior to the infusion of the cement. Both procedures result in similar relief of pain due to vertebral compression fractures.The risks of the procedure are low and include extravasation of cement into the epidural space causing myelopathy, or fatal pulmonary embolism from extension of cement into paraspinous veins.	4	Isomethyl methacrylate	Isoethyl methacrylate	Polyethyl methacrylate	Polymethyl methacrylate	Orthopaedics	Management In Orthopedics	ef67c9a8-9deb-49f6-a1ad-caba454e0b0a	single
All of the following are false regarding Vacuum assisted closure Except -	VACUUM ASSISTED CLOSURE/NEGATIVE PRESSURE WOUND THERAPY(NPWT) NPWT promotes wound healing by applying a vacuum through a special sealed dressing. Continued vacuum draws out the fluid (interstitial fluid) from wound and increase blood flow to the area. As a result, bacterial counts decrease and cell proliferation increases, thereby creating a suitable bed for graft or flap cover. Intermittent negative pressure of -125 mm Hg appears to hasten debridement and formation of granulation tissue in chronic wounds and ulcers. Contraindications for NPWT Use Malignancy in the wound Untreated osteomyelitis Non-enteric & unexplored fistula Necrotic tissue with eschar	1	Due to negative pressure , bacterial counts decrease and cell proliferation increases in the wound.	Continuous pressure of +125 mm hg is applied.	It causes interstitial edema , thereby increasing blood flow and better healing.	Suitable to be used over malignancy if present in wound.	Surgery	General Surgery	9c4029de-9c28-4ae8-959e-c8b0eb3fce8b	multi
Which of the following is not found in cerebral palsy?	Cerebral palsy is a static encephalopathy and a disorder of posture and movement often associated with seizures and deficit in the motor, language, and social milestones due to insult to the developing brain.MICROCEPHALY is a feature of cerebral palsy because of insult to the developing brain.DYSTONIC CP is associated with hypotoniaEXTRAPYRAMIDAL CP is associated with ataxiaCerebral palsy is an upper motor neuron disease characterized by rigidity.Flaccid paralysis is a feature of lower motor neuron disease. Hence flaccid paralysis not a feature of cerebral palsy.Spastic cerebral palsy is the common type( 65%)Spastic CP - prognosis for normal intellectual development is good compared to other types of cerebral palsy.BIH ASPHYXIA accounts for only 8 -10% of cerebral palsy.	4	Hypotonia	Microcephaly	Ataxia	Flaccid paralysis	Pediatrics	All India exam	f3dc8239-3a5e-49a4-965e-b644963a9660	single
When observations are made before and after the exposure to the factor, it is -	Ref:Parks 23rd edition pg 852 Tests of significance: Qualitative: Chi- square : 2 or more than 2 groups Mc Nemar test : 1 group. ( before and after intervention) Quantitative: Paired T test: 1 group Student T test/ unpaired T test: 2 groups Anova: more than 2 groups.	3	Chi-square test	Unpaired T-Test	Paired T-Test	ANOVA test	Social & Preventive Medicine	Biostatistics	1455c58f-89a0-47fa-a763-b4ea704aa815	single
The symmetrical radiopacities marked with arrow are most likely:	On periapical radiographs of the mandibular central incisors, the mental ridge (protuberance) may occasionally be seen as two radiopaque lines sweeping bilaterally forward and upward toward the midline. They are of variable width and density and may be found to extend from low in the premolar area on each side up to the midline, where they lie just inferior to or are superimposed on the mandibular incisor roots. The image of the mental ridge is most prominent when the beam is directed parallel with the surface of the mental tubercle (as when using the bisecting-angle technique). Ref: White and Pharoah, pg- 145	2	Genial tubercle	Mental ridges	Mylohyoid ridges	Both 1 and 2	Radiology	null	5dc7f2d1-546b-4fd3-b333-1be488ea9724	multi
An absent kidney is found in	About 1 in 1400 people have a single kidney. Sometimes a ureter and renal pelvis are present with no kidney. The contralateral kidney is typically hyperophied. Reference: page 1282 Bailey and Love's sho practice of surgery 26th edition ( note : according to 27th edition Complete absence of one kidney occurs in 1 in 500-1000 bihs )	3	1:200 individuals	1:700 individuals	1:1400 individuals	1:5000 individuals	Surgery	Urology	ce5dba32-2e1e-47a0-b9ce-e961ad0b5cbc	single
A 50 years old male presents with massive splenomegaly. His differential diagnosis will include all, except	Diseases Associated with massive splenmegaly. Chronic myclogenous leukemia Gaucher's disease Lymphomas Chronic lymphocytic leukemia Hairy cell leukemia Sarcoidosis Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia Autoimmune hemolytic anemia Polycythemia vera Diffuse splenic human giomatosis	4	Chronic mycloid leukemia	Polycythemia rubra vera	Hairy cell leukemia	Aplastic anemia	Pathology	null	cef9da83-f3f7-4b8c-84a4-59e80996324f	multi
For cast restorations the cavity wall should have a taper of	null	3	30-45 degree	5-10 degree	2-5 degree	none of the above	Dental	null	efd87ce0-0877-43c1-9116-151799332e09	multi
All of the following statements regarding nasolabial cyst are TRUE, EXCEPT:	Nasolabial cyst are common developmental cyst arising outside the bone in the nasolabial fold below the alae nasi. It usually affects women in their 4th to 5th decade. Microscopically the cyst is lined by non cililated pseudostratified columnar epithelium. Complete surgical excision is the treatment of choice.	1	Arises from odontoid epithelium	Presents submucosally in anterior nasal floor	Bilateral	Usually seen in adults	ENT	null	b563d140-a778-4077-99e0-143148f02d06	multi
Darrier's sign is seen in -	Ans. is 'b' i.e., Urticaria pigmentosao Urticaria pigmentosa is a familial cutaneous disorder characterised by generalised distribution of red brown macules,o Each lesion represents a collection of mast cells in the dermis with hyperpigmentation of overlying epidermis,o The most characteristic features is that these lesions urticate on scratching.o Light scratching with the point of forceps or rounded tip of a pen or even rubbing causes these mast cells to degranulate leading to localized urticaria (become red swollen and enlarged) - Darrier's Sign Extensive release of histamine from mast cell degranulation may result in - Headache, flushing diarrhea and pruritis.	2	Darrier's disease	Urticaria pigmentosa	Allergic vasculitis	Atopic dermatitis	Skin	General	c2e38fe6-a36d-491d-9ca2-dacfb5d8e6bc	multi
Melatonin is secreted by parenchymal cells of pineal gland. Fever causes:	Thermoregulatory centre to shift to new level	1	Thermoregulatory centre to shift to new level	Resetting of skin temperature	Both of the above	None of the above	Physiology	null	2e70fe87-78f9-4b7d-a7b0-121781b78acc	multi
Which of the metabolic abnormality is seen in multiple myeloma?	null	3	Hyponatremia	Hypokalemia	Hypercalcemia	Hyperphosphatemia	Pathology	null	37531bef-c2e6-448a-aa9a-e37a17d4db63	single
An adult presented with hematemesis and upper abdominal pain. Endoscopy revealed a growth at the pyloric antrum of the stomach. CT scan showed growth involving the pyloric antrum without infiltration or invasion into surrounding structures and no evidence of distant metastasis. At laparotomy neoplastic growth was observed to involve the posterior wall of the stomach and the pancreas extending 6cm up to the tail of the pancreas. What will be the most appropriate surgical management	Palliative procedures like palliative paial gastrectomy, anterior gastrojejunostomy, Devine's exclusion procedure, luminal stenting in proximal inoperable growths, chemotherapy are used in inoperable cases. * In early carcinoma proper lymph nodal clearance is impoant. Antrectomy is also called as hemi-gastrectomy. Removal of 60-75% stomach is called a paial gastrectomy. Removal of more than 80% of the stomach is called a subtotal gastrectomy. Distal pancreatectomy or central pancreatectomy or total pancreatectomy for cystadenocarcinoma of pancreas depending on the extent and size of a tumour . Ref: SRB&;s manual of surgery,3 rd ed, pg no 636	3	Closure of the abdomen	Antrectp, u amd vagotomy	Paial gastrectomy + Distal pancreatectomy	Paial gastrectomy + Distal pancreatectomy + splenectomy	Surgery	G.I.T	62624a25-a7eb-467f-9e11-cc045b3b99bc	multi
Which of the following is an anti-coagulant for atrial fibrillation in a patient with prior history of stroke, with reduced risk of haemorrhage?	Anticoagulants are the treatment of choice in patients with atrial fibrillation and prior stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). Vitamin K antagonists such as warfarin have long been the mainstay of therapy, but a new set of anticoagulants has emerged as a reasonable alternative that may indeed prove to have better efficacy and a reduced risk of hemorrhage. Apixaban is one such oral direct factor Xa inhibitor; it was recently shown to be likely more effective compared with warfarin in the Apixaban for the Prevention of Stroke in Subjects With Atrial Fibrillation (ARISTOTLE) trial. Clopidogrel combined with aspirin was more effective than aspirin alone in preventing vascular events, principally stroke, but increases the risk of major bleeding. Ref: 1. Easton JD et al. Apixaban compared with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation and previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack: A subgroup analysis of the ARISTOTLE trial. Lancet Neurol 2012;11:503. 2. Smith W.S., English J.D., Johnston S.C. (2012). Chapter 370. Cerebrovascular Diseases. In D.L. Longo, A.S. Fauci, D.L. Kasper, S.L. Hauser, J.L. Jameson, J. Loscalzo (Eds), Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18e.	2	Vitamin K antagonists	Apixaban	Clopidogrel	Ticlopidine	Medicine	null	c0aee457-26c3-42cc-a1e8-7fd4fccd0207	single
The cause of oedema in nephritic syndrome	Robbins page no p922 Glomerular diseases presenting with a nephritic syn- drome are often characterized by inflammation in the glomeruli. The nephritic patient usually presents with hematuria, red cell casts in the urine, azotemia, oliguria, and mild to moderate hypeension. Proteinuria and edema are common, but these are not as severe as those encountered in the nephrotic syndrome, discussed later. The acute nephritic syndrome may occur in such multi- system diseases as SLE and microscopic polyangiitis.	4	Increase in plasma protein concentratn	Decrease plasma protein concentratn	Reduced plasma osmotic pressure	Sodium and water retention	Pathology	Urinary tract	e8f17b12-1cdd-4ea4-9f5d-ef03a47d41ff	single
Triple assessment for carcinoma breast includes :	Triple assessment comprises of : Clinical examination (palpation). Radiological imaging (mammography or USG). Pathological assessment (Biopsy or cytology).	2	History, clinical examination, biopsy/cytology	Clinical examination, mammography, biopsy/cytology	History, clinical examination, ultrasonography	Observation, ultrasonography, biopsy/cytology	Radiology	null	a94f1530-2ef9-4d91-a5c6-056e2180420f	single
EC O157:H7, shiga toxin-producing strain of E. coli can be distinguished from other strains of E.coli by using the following medium:	Shiga toxin-producing E coli (STEC) are named for the cytotoxic toxins they produce. There are at least two antigenic forms of the toxin referred to as Shiga-like toxin 1 and Shiga-like toxin 2. STEC has been associated with, Hemorrhagic colitis Severe diarrhea Hemolytic uremic syndrome resulting acute renal failure Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia Thrombocytopenia Of the E coli serotypes that produce Shiga toxin, O157:H7 is the most common. STEC O157:H7 does not use sorbitol, unlike most other E coli, and is negative (clear colonies) on sorbitol MacConkey agar (sorbitol is used instead of lactose); which serves as an impoant criterion that distinguishes it from other strains of E. coli. O157:H7 strains also are negative on MUG tests. Many of the non-O157 serotypes may be sorbitol positive when grown in culture. Ref: Brooks G.F. (2013). Chapter 15. Enteric Gram-Negative Rods (Enterobacteriaceae). In G.F. Brooks (Ed), Jawetz, Melnick, & Adelberg's Medical Microbiology, 26e.	2	Hektoen agar	Sorbitol	Blood agar	LJ medium	Microbiology	null	63fc1595-897d-4cd1-aff2-b44bc651e84b	single
Amylin is secreted by which cell of pancreas?	Amylin, or islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), is a 37-residue peptide hormone. It is cosecreted with insulin from the pancreatic b-cells in the ratio of approximately 100:1.Ref: Ganong&;s review of medical physiology 23rd edition Page no: 315	2	Alpha cells	Beta cells	Gamma cells	Delta cells	Physiology	G.I.T	42f7afcf-c9f3-48d5-bb82-6c749036138a	single
Putrefaction process is delayed by :	Carbolic acid delays the process of putrefaction. Peritonitis, ansarca, sepsis enhances the process of putrefaction.	3	Peritonitis	Ansarca	Carbolic acid	Sepsis	Forensic Medicine	null	6d8e49b2-7017-4dca-b017-85f516181804	single
Initial preferred investigation for thyroid nodule is:	Initial investigation done in STN is thyroid function test(TFT) Investigation of choice in STN for diagnosis is FNAC Solitary Thyroid Nodule: Initial investigation done in STN is thyroid function test (TFT) If TFT is raised, next investigation is thyroid scan , (For hot nodules, RAI ablation or surgery is done; For warm or cold nodules follow-up or surgery) If TFT is normal, USG is done (Aspiration in cystic lesion, FNAC for solid or heterogenous lesions) Investigationn of choice in STN for diagnosis is FNAC. Ref: Sabiston 20th edition Pgno: 890	3	FNAC	Radionucleide test	Thyroid function test	USG	Surgery	Endocrinology and breast	868974ec-5ea4-4b32-995b-5c99bbac2576	single
Longest fetal diameter:	Ans is d, i.e. MentoverticalFetal diameters-AP diameters are always longer than Transverse diameter of fetal head.Longest diameter is-Mentovertical diameter (14 cms) followed by submentovertical diameter.	4	Biparietal	Suboccip tobregmatic	Occipitofrontal	Mentovertical	Gynaecology & Obstetrics	Fetal Skull and Maternal Pelvis	5e32f377-76df-42e4-98b5-69b6c90477c3	single
Which of the following is an impoant distinguishing characteristic of H. pylori as compared to Campylobacter species?	Both Campylobacter and Helicobacter Belong to the family Campylobacteriaceae. Both are GNspiral-shaped or comma-shaped bacteria. Catalase and oxidase positive. Urease however, is produced only by Helicobacter.	3	Oxidase production	Catalase production	Urease production	Curved shape	Microbiology	Systemic Bacteriology (Haemophilus, Yersinia, Spirochaetes, Ricketssia, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma and Miscellaneous Bacteria)	0192ace1-b1f2-4dfa-8257-3a84efa89e67	single
True about Hepatocellular Carcinoma ?	Ans. is 'c' i.e. HBV predisposes Most common cancers in the world are --> Lung > Breast > Colorectal. As already stated before, HCC presents quite late and thus only 15-20% cancers are resectable. Most patients with unresectable lesions die within a year after diagnosis.	3	Most prevalent malignancy	Commonest liver tumor	HBV predisposes	Patient present in early stage	Surgery	null	fed4a923-ccb8-4b73-9708-40b1f845532c	multi
From A drugs which acts through inhibition of integrase activity of virus ?	Ans. is 'a' i.e., Raltegravir	1	Raltegravir	Tiprinavir	Enfuviide	Etravirine	Pharmacology	null	c9ac6ed6-300b-4992-9c12-bdbeab2d2b7c	single
A 33 yr /M has history of A, now complaints of pain left hip. On examination there is Flexion, External Rotation of left lower limb is present. There is 7 cm shoening of left lower limb, there is a gluteal mass felt which moves with the movement of femoral shaft, most probable diagnosis could be?	Anterior dislocation is ruled out because it will have Flexion Abduction External Rotation with lengthening and anterior femoral head (Mass that moves with femur shaft is femur head). Central dislocation is ruled out because it will have shoening and femur head palpable on per rectal examination. Posterior dislocation will have Flexion Adduction and internal rotation with shoening and gluteal femoral head. Pipkins type IV: Shoening and gluteal mass with atypical features Type I: Femoral head fracture caudal to fovea centralis. Type II: Femoral head fracture cephalad to the fovea. Type III: Femoral head fracture associated with femoral neck fracture. Type IV: Type I, II or III with associated acetabular fracture.	4	Anterior dislocation of hip	Central fracture dislocation	Posterior dislocation	Pipkin's type 4 fracture	Orthopaedics	Pelvis and Hip Injury	e1a175d6-8a8b-4925-a0dc-c486737eee31	single
C-reactive proteins are -	Ans. is 'b' i.e., Beta-1 globulin C-reactive is a nonspecific inflammatory acute phase protein. It is a beta globulin which is produced in the liver.	2	Alpha-1 globulin	Beta-1 globulin	Alpha-2 globulin	All	Microbiology	null	2458763e-1057-4cab-8f4c-e000556faf40	multi
Wood's lamp is made up of -	Wood's Lamp It is a low intensity ultraviolet light(360nm) emitted by a high pressure mercury lamp fitted with a special filter made up of 9% nickel oxide and silica.	4	9% nickel oxide with 6% barium silicate	9% nickel oxide with 9% barium silicate	6% nickel oxide with 6% barium silicate	9% nickel oxide with barium silicate	Dental	Fungal infections	b457fb36-1ee1-4af3-915b-e128af60b160	single
In carcinoid syndrome, the ap of hea mostly affected is:	Answer is B (Inflow tract of RV) The most commonly involved valve in, carcinoid syndrome is tricuspid valve which forms the inflow tract of Right ventricle. Most commonly involved pa of hea : Inflow tract of RV (Tricuspid valve) Second most commonly involved pa of hea : Outflow tract of RV (Pulmonic valve)	2	Outflow tract of RV	Inflow tract of RV	Inflow tract of LV	Outflow tract LV	Medicine	null	fb0e5556-9c34-4764-8f98-b662d4efa4bb	single
Forceps used for maxillary fracture disimpaction	null	1	Rowe's	Bristows	Ashs	Walshams	Surgery	null	412a173a-22e2-487d-ae6e-5be7fb36ae32	single
Premature atherosclerosis causing death is seen in:	Fabry's disease is an X-linked dominant disorder. Angiokeratoma corporis diffusum is another name for it. Neuropathy usually stas in the childhood. It is overshadowed by complications arising from the associated premature atherosclerosis that lead to death by the fifth decade of life. ALSO KNOW: Fabry's disease is caused by mutations in the Alpha -galactosidase gene. There will be accumulation of ceramide trihexoside in nerves and blood vessels. Enzyme replacement therapy with alpha galactosidase B may be useful in the early stages. Ref: Harrison, Edition-18, Page-3456	1	Fabry's disease	Vitamin E deficiency	Abetalipoproteinemia	Spinocerebellar ataxia	Medicine	null	6ca325b0-59fa-4428-90b7-a91578778f8e	single
Pharmacovigilance means:	Pharmacovigilance has been defined by the WHO as the ''science and activities relating to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems'' The information generated by pharmacovigilance is useful in educating doctors about the adverse drug reaction and in the official regulation of drug use Ref; KD Tripathi Pharmacology 7th edition (page no:82)	1	Monitoring of drug safety	Monitoring of unethical trade of drugs	Monitoring pharma students	Monitoring drug efficacy	Pharmacology	General pharmacology	e702181c-7216-4b23-9a09-87ec18055cda	single
When the black band of a CPITN probe is completely visible while in gingival sulcus, it means	null	4	The individual has advanced periodontal disease	The individual has pockets between 4 and 5 mm	The individual needs comprehensive periodontal surgery	The individual has calculus and needs scaling and oral hygiene instructions	Dental	null	d13b6018-1e13-4b73-8907-fbce9db98e0c	single
Ligament of poupart is	Ligament of poupart is another name for Inguinal ligament	4	Linea alba	Pectineal ligament	Lacunar ligament	Inguinal ligament	Anatomy	null	e5d4a9c1-c129-4b4a-a018-1d9ae1610247	single
Individuals with alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver may develop severe hepatotoxicity after doses of acetaminophen that are not toxic to individuals with normal liver function. This increased sensitivity to acetaminophen's toxicity is due to :	null	2	Decrease availability of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase	Decreased hepatocellular stores of glutathione	Decreased activity of Cytochrome P450 enzymes	Increased liver blood flow	Pharmacology	null	fb061a24-1aa1-4647-b111-a5c44a57f236	single
The chromosomal complement of a primary oocyte is-	Ans- (C) Primary oocyte	3	23X	23Y	46XX	46XY	Gynaecology & Obstetrics	Obstetrical Anatomy	24029ee3-dd7f-4123-b0f9-987a14bdcde9	single
Most affernt fibers from the lateral geniculate nucleus terminate in the primary visual coex is:	Most fibers from the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) end in layer 4 of the primary visual coex. Ref: Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology, 22nd Edition, Page 161; Berne and Levy Physiology, 5th Edition, Page 129.	3	Layer 1	Layer 2 and 3	Layer 4	Layer 5 and 6	Physiology	null	1301534f-397c-49c9-a09d-b4d04770bc3d	single
A 40 year old male brought to the emergency room with a stab injury to the chest.On examination pt is found to be hemodynamically stable. The neck veins are engorged and the hea sounds are muffled .The following statements are true for this pt except -	Pericardial tamponade Pericardial tamponade must be differentiated from tension pneumothorax in the shocked patient with distented neck veins It is most commonly the result of penetrating trauma. Characterized by Beck's Triad (MDH) : Muffled hea sounds, distended neck veins & Hypotension Diagnosis Chest X-Ray : Enlarged hea shadow Echocardiography : ECHO is diagnostic showing fluid in the pericardial sac. Central line : Rising central venous pressure Treatment Needle pericardiocentesis can buy enough time to move to the operating room. Treatment of choice : Surgical pericardiotomy Ref: Sabiston 20th edition Pgno :1678	4	Cardiac tamponade is likely to be present	Echocardiogram should be done to rule out pericardial blood	Entry wound should be sealed with occlusive dressing	Emergency thoracotomy should be done	Surgery	Trauma	2bab1ed2-2183-483b-a128-7a34e52f1cc6	multi
Nagler's reaction is shown by ?	null	2	Clostridium tetani	Clostridium welchii	Mycobacterium tuberculosis	Mycobacterium leprae	Microbiology	null	c997a4aa-bcbf-4f5c-8e24-e40ac6c86cbb	single
Using a lens of +14D, magnification of fundus of an emmetropic eye in indirect ophthalmoscopy is: March 2013 (e)	Ans. D i.e. 5 times	4	5 times	10 times	15 times	25 times	Ophthalmology	null	bae4c5b6-61b7-41f8-bcec-1a7cc01dc7fa	single
The characteristic feature of catatonic schizophrenia is	(D) All of the above	4	Stupor	Rigidity	Negativism	All of the above	Psychiatry	Miscellaneous	9065f47e-5e37-4cda-a7aa-f12052c9a741	multi
A diabetic with orbital cellulitis and maxillary sinusitis shows hyaline, narrow, septate and ranching hyphae with invasion of the blood vessels fungus on microscopy. Which is the causative fungus ?	Ans. is 'c' i.e., Aspergillus Diagnosis of Aspergillus infection: o Histologic examination of affected tissue reveals either infarction, with invasion of blood vessels by many fungal hvphae, or acute necrosis, with limited inflammation and hyphae. o Aspergillus hyphae are hyaline, narrow, and septate, with branching at 45deg: no yeast forms are present in infected tissue. o Hyphae can be seen in cytology or microscopy preparations, which therefore provide a rapid means of presumptive diagnosis.	3	Candida	Rhizospora	Aspergillus	Histoplasma	ENT	Head & Neck Infections	21b58724-2e4c-4a78-86f0-401280e11c97	single
Partogram is used to -	Ans: D	4	Assess the fetal well-being in labour	Assess the condition of the baby at birth	Record the events of pregnancy	Assess the progress of labour	Unknown	null	0aa4162b-2f25-444c-8ddc-d2715009e7a2	single
Mcdonald stitch is applied in the following conditions except:	Contraindications to Circlage operation: Intra uterine infection Ruptured membranes H/o vaginal bleeding Severe uterine irritability Cervical dilatation > 4 cm	3	Incompetent os	Septate uterus	Placenta previa	Bad obstetrical history	Gynaecology & Obstetrics	null	963206a7-9a26-4a3a-a19f-4b8cbc891b88	multi
In early stages, how is acute alveolar abscess is diagnosed:	PDL widening can be the method for diagnosing the acute alveolar abscess in early stage, while chronic alveolar abscess presents as more distinct radiographic lesion.	3	No change.	A diffuse radiolucency.	PDL widening.	None of the above.	Dental	null	509bd76b-ca61-41c9-b92e-bf0f681cedde	multi
Specific reason to disallow the sample for culture -	Sample brought in formalin are not allowed for culture,as it may loose it's characteristic propeies specific to that organism. Ref ananthnarayana and panikers microbiology textbook	3	Sample brought within 2 hr of collection	Sample brought in sterile plastic container	Sample brought in formalin	Sample obtained after cleaning the collection site	Microbiology	general microbiology	91ea791b-0f1d-48df-b99b-371703fdfcf6	multi
The spirometer can estimate all the following except	The total lung capacity (TLC), about 6,000 mL, is the maximum amount of air that can fill the lungs (TLC = TV + IRV + ERV + RV Ref: guyton and hall textbook of medical physiology 12 edition page number:326,327,328	1	Total lung capacity	Forced expiratory volume in 1 second	Peak expiratory flow	Vital capacity	Physiology	Respiratory system	e8890ea7-5e0a-4ef3-8b16-8f7160b983c1	multi
Epidural anaesthesia decrease risk of – a) Headacheb) Hypotensionc) Meningitisd) Arachnoiditis	As dura is not punctured in epidural anesthesia, chances of postdural puncture headache, meningitis and arachnoiditis are less.	4	abc	ad	bc	acd	Anaesthesia	null	4305dbde-56fb-4145-9478-4392cd99c850	single
Gamma Carboxylation of what requires vitamin K	Biochemical functions of Vitamin K The functions of vitamin K are concerned with blood clotting process. lt brings about the post- translational (after protein biosynthesis in the cell) modification of ceain blood clotting factors. The clotting factors ll (prothrombin), Vil, lX and X are synthesized as inactive precursors (zymogens) in the liver. Vitamin K acts as a coenzyme for the carboxylation of glutamic acid residues present in the proteins and this reaction is catalysed by a carboxylase (microsomal). lt involves the conversion of glutamate (Clu) to y-carboxyglutamate (Gla) and requires vitamin K, O2 and COz. The formation of y-carboxyglutamate is inhibited by dicumarol, an anticoagulant found in spoilt sweet clover. Warfarin is a synthetic analogue that can inhibit vitamin K action Vitamin K is also required for the carboxylation of glutamic acid residues of osteocalcin, a calcium binding protein present in the bone. The mechanism of carboxylation is not fully understood. lt is known that a 2,3-epoxide derivative of vitamin K is formed as. an intermediate during the course of the reaction. Dicumarol inhibits the enzyme (reductase) that conves epoxide to active vitamin K. Ref : Biochemistry by U. Satyanarayana 3rd edition Pgno : 130	2	Glutamine	Glutamic Acid	Glycine	Aspaate	Biochemistry	All India exam	0fb4c8ba-06e5-40bc-bb6f-7d42cbba6df0	single
Which of the following is not an anti androgenic drug ?	Ans. is 'd' i.e., Cypionate	4	Flutamide	Spironolactone	Finasteride	Cypionate	Pharmacology	null	fadf01f3-49bd-4d36-9244-db8fee63b26a	single
12 years old male presented with intensely itchy grouped vesicles on buttock, trunk and scalp. On exposure to wheat they exaggerate. Diagnosis is -	Ans is 'b' i.e. Dermatitis herpetiformis o Among given options only dermatitis herpetiformis is a gluten sensitivity disorder and aggravates on on eating gluten (wheat, rye, barley).Other features in favour of diagnosis areo Intense itching (characteristic feature)o Distribution of lesion - buttock, trunk and scalpo Age group - DH is commonly seen in 2nd to 3rd decade.o Has been explained in previous sessions.	2	Herpes simplex	Dermatitis herpetiformis	Pemphigus vulgaris	Bullous impetigo	Skin	Eosinophilic Dermatoses	a20b05b3-292f-4d3f-8c37-6a750c56f54c	single
Causes of a painless limp in infancy includes:	Painless Limp Painful Limp 1-3 years age group: DDH Cerebral palsy Muscular dystrophy Infantile coxa vara 4-10 years age: Limb length discrepancy Poliomyelitis Legg Calve Pehes disease Slipped capital femoral epiphysis Osteochondritis dissecans -Lateral surface of medial femoral condyle Ahritis/Synovitis/Osteomyelitis	4	Congenital dislocation of hip	Infantile coxa vara	Poliomyelitis	All of the above	Orthopaedics	Pediatric Ohopedics	427eab8b-80f7-4b9d-bef8-568f7171baad	multi
Functions of plasmin are all except-	Ans. is 'd' i.e., Stabilization of fibrin * Plasmin is a proteolytic enzyme which belongs to serine protease family.* Its function are:-i) Fibrinolysis by break down of fibrin - It is the major function.ii) Activation of Collagenaseiii) Break down of matrix proteins (fibrin, fibronectin, thrombospondin, laminin) and von Willebrand factor.* These effects are responsible for role of plasmin in embryogenesis, wound healing, angiogenesis and tumor growth & dissemination.* Plasmin released as zymogen (inactive) form, i.e. plasminogen from liver. In circulation, plasminogen is converted into active plasmin by tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), Kallikrein and Hageman factor (factor XII).	4	Fibrinolysis	Activation of collagenase	Destruction of VWF	Stabilization of fibrin	Physiology	Heart, Circulation, and Blood	7cc077c6-674f-4607-826a-fedc6f8359b5	multi
What is the extent of spinal cord in an adult?	Ans. is 'a' i.e., Lower border of LI * Spinal cord begins at foramen magnum and, in adults, ends at lower border of LI.StructureExtends uptoAdult spinal cordInfant spinal cordLower border of L} or upper border of L2Upper border of L3 vertebraeFilum terminalePiamaterTip of coccyxDural sheathSubdural spaceSub arachnoid spaceS2 vertebra	1	Lower border of L1	Tip of Coccyx	Upper border of L3	S2	Anatomy	Neuroanatomy	fcb3a478-0394-4019-a961-895418c7baf1	single
Which of the following are common physiological problems in neonates:	Ans. D. All of the aboveNeonates may have minor physiological peculiarities which are of no serious consequences. These include(i) Regurgitation of milk (most neonates take out small amount of curdled milk soon after feed. Child is usually active and vomitus is never yellow or green colour)(ii) Transitional stools: It is the transition from meconium to the yellow homogenous stool of a breastfed infant and is physiological(iii) Erythema toxicum: The rash usually appears on 2nd or 3rd day of life. It is scattering of erythema macules, papules and even vesicles. It occurs commonly over trunk, face and extremities and palms and soles are spared.(iv) Mongolian spots: They are pigmented lesions found at birth. The area most commonly involved is the lumbosacral region, but occasionally in the upper back, arms, buttocks and legs may be involved.(v) Neonatal Jaundice: Jaundice is common physical finding (manifesting as yellowness of the skin of the face) when serum bilirubin exceeds 5mg/dl during the first week of life. As the degree of jaundice increases, there is cephalocaudal progression. Jaundice should be considering non - physiological if it has appeared within 24 hours of age, stains palms or soles or persists beyond 10-14 days.	4	Erythema toxicum	Transitional stools	Mongolian spots	All of the above	Pediatrics	New Born Infants	e89c0dce-e2fc-4848-b0ca-d979a55522cc	multi
The following is a marker of acute hepatitis B infection-	HBV-DNA can be measured by PCR in the blood. Viral loads are usually in excess of 105 copies/mL in the presence of active viral replication, as indicated by the presence of e antigen. In contrast, in individuals with low viral replication, who are HBsAg- and anti-HBe-positive, viral loads are less than 105 copies/mL. The exception is in patients who have a mutation in the pre-core protein, which means they cannot secrete e antigen into serum . Such individuals will be anti-HBe-positive but have a high viral load and often evidence of chronic hepatitis. These mutations are common in the Far East, and those patients affected are classified as having e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis. They respond differently to antiviral drugs from those with classical e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis. Measurement of viral load is impoant in monitoring antiviral therapy and identifying patients with pre-core mutants. Specific HBV genotypes (A-H) can also be identified using PCR. In some settings, these may be useful in guiding therapy, as genotype A tends to respond better to pegylated interferon-alfa compared to genotypes C and D. Ref Davidson edition23rd pg 875	1	DNA polymerase	Hepatitis core antigen	Anti HBs	IgG to core antigen	Medicine	G.I.T	baecb9cc-1a82-4b24-b4bf-039591c233b1	single
Binding of gp 120 causes:	Ans. b. Facilitation of co-receptor	2	Infection of target cell	Facilitation of co-receptor	Fusing of virus and target cell	None	Microbiology	null	bfdb31ea-9207-4a5d-9828-7146bd23e160	multi
Following is not a variety of entropion ?	Ans. is 'a' i.e., Pathological	1	Pathological	Spastic	Cicatrix	Involutional	Ophthalmology	null	c8287cdc-beb7-4892-b8ba-56609b8c8ada	single
Tendon Xanthomas are seen in	null	1	Familial hyper cholesterolemia	Familial hyper lipidemia	Familial beta lipoprotenemia	Familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency	Medicine	null	4466c5a9-336a-4ece-bb29-0f5a79fe78e1	single
All or none law refers to:	Action potential	1	Action potential	Resting potential	Membrane potential	None	Physiology	null	ec34669b-33da-4a90-b011-b5060b5f08be	multi
If a biochemical test gives the same reading for a sample on repeated testing, it is inferred that the measurement is:	Criteria of screening test Acceptability – The test should be acceptable to population to which it is going to be applied. Repeatability (reliability, precision, reproducibility) – The test must give consistent results when repeated more than once on the same individual or material under the same condition. Validity (accuracy) – It refers to what extent the test accurately measures which it purports to measure. (it means it expresses the ability of a test to separate or distinguish those who have the disease from those who do not). Accuracy refers to closeness with which measured values agree with “true” value. It has two components: i. Sensitivity – Ability of test of identify correctly all those who have disease. ii. Specificity – Ability to test to identify correctly all those who do not have disease. So, if test gives the same reading for a sample on repeated testing means test is precise (i.e., reliable, reproducible, repeatable).	1	Precise	Accurate	Specific	Sensitive	Dental	null	84ccdd2e-85e7-4cf7-8ddc-06df9ccf024a	single

Which of the following drugs is effective against pseudomonas infection?

Polymyxin 8 and Colistin Polymyxin and colistin were obtained in the late 1940s from Bacillus polymyxa and B. colistinus respectively. They are active against gramnegative bacteria only; all except Proteus, Serratia and Neisseria are inhibited. Both have very similar range of activity, but colistin is more potent on Pseudomonas, Salmonella and Shigella. Mechanism of action They are rapidly acting bactericidal agents; have a detergent-like action on the cell membrane. They have high affinity for phospholipids: the peptide molecules (or their aggregates) orient between the phospholipid and protein films in gram-negative bacterial cell membrane causing membrane distoion or pseudopore formation. As a result ions, amino acids, etc. leak out. Sensitive bacteria take up more of the antibiotic. They may also inactivate the bacterial endotoxin. They exhibit synergism with many other AMAs by improving their penetration into the bacterial cell. ESSENTIALS OF MEDICAL PHARMACOLOGY K.D.TRIPATHI SIXTH EDITION PAGE NO:734

3

Ampicillin

Ceftriaxone

Colistin

Cefixime

Pharmacology

Chemotherapy

d036148a-7bdb-4cf6-ad39-be4dca693310

single

Infliximab ?

Ans. is 'c' i.e., Chimeric antibody against TNF alpha

3

CD 20 antagonist

IL6 antagonist

Chimeric antibody against TNF alpha

Chimeric antibody against Her2-neu

Pharmacology

null

8b9ffacd-f864-45de-b835-f6746007a55a

single

Alpha methyldopa primarily used for

Methyldopa was primarily used in the past but is now used widely for pregnancy induced hypeension. Refer katzung 11e p173

1

Pregnancy induced hypeension

Renovascular hypeension

First line agent in hypeension

Refractory hypeension

Pharmacology

Cardiovascular system

4ff035e3-f116-4b92-b214-d6579ee9988b

single

Figure of 8 appearance is seen in

null

3

Paracoccidiomycosis

Coccidiomycosis

Blastomycosis

Sporotrichosis

Microbiology

null

920cbe2f-3212-444d-b068-7ffd8433cac7

single

A 22 year old woman developed small itchy wheals after physical exeion, walking in the sun, eating hot spicy food and when she was angry. The most likely diagnosis is:

D i.e. Cholinergic Uicaria

4

Chronic idiopathic utricaria

Heat uicaria

Solar uicaria

Cholinergic uicaria

Skin

null

c79ceb7e-0bc4-465d-99d4-dec847224acb

multi

All are features of Lobar pneumonia except

Consolidation in Lobar pneumonia in Non - segmental.

3

Homogeneous consolidation

Air bronchogram sign present

Segmental consolidation

Typical of pneumococcal infection

Medicine

null

335c1f79-9ab9-4f35-997b-69fe3c3cf0fe

multi

Frame shift mutation DOESN'T occur in multiples of:

Ans: (b) 3Ref: Harper's Biochemistry 30th edn. / 417-18* Frame-shift mutations* The genetic code is read in form of triplets of nucleotides which are known as codons.* If one or two base pairs from the code are removed or inserted, the genetic code will be misread from that change onwards, because the genetic code is not punctuated. Therefore the amino acid sequence translated from the change onwards will be completely changed. This is known as frame shift mutation.* However if the removal /insertion happens in multiples of three, rest of the reading frame doesn't change and hence the amino acid sequence will not change.

2

3

4

5

Biochemistry

Molecular Genetics

2f448829-2433-4861-ac84-0533bf524c62

single

Among the following, which one is considered as 'pathologic problem' while planning treatment in orthodontics?

Inadequate attached gingiva around crowded incisors indicates the possibility of tissue dehiscence developing when the teeth are aligned, especially with non-extraction (arch expansion) treatment. proffit page 173

3

Tendency of lower jaw and teeth to be behind upper

Deep overbite

Minimal attached gingiva in lower anterior region

Decalcification

Dental

null

01292a7b-e4cf-47a6-874f-db071aa76942

single

Best view for nasal bone ?

Ans. is 'a' i.e., Lateral

1

Lateral

Towne's

Cald-well

Submentoveical

ENT

null

2d1dac92-532c-4fa6-95f7-e946408ef2fb

single

Which of the following is true regrading spinal cord and neuraxial blockade

Spinal cord ends at upper border of L3 in children , and at lower border of L1 in adults. The dural sac extends upto S3 in children and S2 in adults.

2

Spinal cord ends at S1 in adults

Spinal anaesthesia is given below L3 level in children

Dural sac extends upto S2 in children

Spinal cord ends at lower border of L1 in children

Anaesthesia

null

ca9a743a-4f82-46b1-bc78-6318cb3c1e32

multi

Poorest prognosis in AML is seen in which cytogenetic abnormality -

null

1

Monosomy 7

No cytogenetic abnormality

t (15, 17)

inv. 16

Medicine

null

bb601f8b-bda4-43aa-83c1-494c8c72eadf

single

Mysthenia gravis is which type of hypersensitivity

null

2

Type I

Type II

Type III

Type IV

Microbiology

null

be8e712c-c757-4d8b-8f1b-f4ce2577732c

single

All are seen in ARDS, except :

Answer is C (Hypercapnia): ARDS results in Type I Respiratory failure and is characterized by normal or low PaCO2 (Hypocapnia) and not Hypercapnia (see previous explanation on types of respiratory failure). ARDS (Acute Respiratory distress syndrome) ARDS is an acute form of lung injury characterized by: Increased permeability of alveolar capillary membrane. Diffuse alveolar damage. Accumulation of proteinaceous pulmonary edema (non cardiogenic pulmonary edema Q)

3

Pulmonary edema

Decreased tidal volume

Hypercapnia

Decreased compliance

Medicine

null

040a5d22-db59-4751-9702-642d44b04da6

multi

The highest E.S.R. is seen in following conditions except:

Polycythemia rubra

4

Polymyositis rheumatica

Multiple myeloma

Temporal activities

Polycythemia rubra

Pathology

null

a305d620-7233-4c6a-9678-d834e10e048e

multi

Pit viper beongs to -

Ans. is 'd' i.e., Crotalidae o Poisonous snakes are divided into six families:Viperidae - Russell's viper, gaboon viper, saw scaled viper, puff adder. They are found in all parts of world except America.Crotalidae - Rattlesnakes, pigmy rattlesnakes, copperheads, pit viper & bush master. They are found in Asia and America.Elapidae - Cobras, kraits, mambas, tiger snake, death adder, copperhead snakes and coral snakes. They are found in all parts of world except Europe.Hydrophidae or sea snakes - All sea snakes are poisonous but they seldom bite.Colubridae - Boomslangs, bird snake of the African continent.Atractaspididae - African & Middle Eastern burrowing asps or stiletto snakes.

4

Viperidae

Elapidae

Sea snakes

Crotalidae

Forensic Medicine

Toxicology

869291f6-ecb1-4249-97c5-f863547e35aa

single

"Pointing index" is due to paralysis of:

Ans. is 'a' i.e. Median nerve Pointing index:On asking the pt. to make a fist, it is noticed that the index finger remains straight.This is d/t Paralysis of the flexor digitorum superficialis and that of lateral half of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle (to the index finger) in median nerve palsy at a level of proximal to elbow.*Some other related questions:* Wrist drop is seen in*-Radial nerve palsy* Foot drop is seen in*-Common peroneal nv palsy.Winging of the scapula*Claw hand(Main -en -griffe):-Long thoracic nerve palsy.* Partial claw hand*-Ulnar nerve palsy* Complete claw hand*-Ulnar +Median nerve palsy* Ape thumb deformity*-Median nerve palsy* Pointing index*-Median nerve palsy* Policeman's tip deformity*-Also k/a Erb's paralysis d/t injury in the region of the upper trunk of the brachial plexus.Nerve roots involved are mainly C5 & partly C6.

1

Median nerve

Ulnar nerve

Radial nerve

Auxiliary nerve

Orthopaedics

Peripheral Nerve Injuries

da14f0b5-70c9-493e-9f5e-f4cba95fd8d1

single

A 25 years old female comes to your clinic for evaluation of infertility. A hysterosalpingogram reveals Asherman's syndrome. What symptoms will the patient have?

Ans. is d, i.e. HypomenorrheaThe typical presenting symptom in adenomyosis is hypomenorrhea, i.e. less blood loss during menstruation.

4

Menorrhagia

Oligomenorrhea

Polymenorrhea

Hypomenorrhea

Gynaecology & Obstetrics

Endometriosis and Infertility

d028bfc8-59a3-4438-8af7-7393ea6cb4ab

single

Anticancer drug also used in RA, produces acrolein in urine that leads to hemorrhagic cystitis

Cyclophosphamide IMPOANT POINTS ON HEMORRHAGIC CYSTITIS: Drugs causing: Cyclophosphamide Ifosfamide Metabolite responsible: Acrolein - In Cyclophosphamide Chloracetaldehyde - In Ifosfamide Treatment: Mesna. Nitrogen mustards: 1. Cyclophosphamide: Powerful vesicant Prodrug - Activated by hepatic biotransformation to aldophosphamide. Acrolein - One of its degradation products. Responsible for hemorrhagic cystitis - Characteristic adverse effect. Use: DOC for Wegener's granulomatosis. Adverse effects: Hemorrhagic cystitis (Characteristic) - Treated by mercapto ethane sulfonic acid (mesna). May cause cardiac dysfunction, pulmonary toxicity & syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion. 2. Ifosfamide: Produces chloracetaldehyde & acrolein as metabolites. Adverse effects: HIGHER risk of neurotoxicity & hemorrhagic cystitis. Chloracetaldehyde - Responsible for nephrotoxic.

1

Cyclophosphamide

Busulfan

Procarbazine

Mesna

Pharmacology

null

c2a03ce1-bcc1-4152-9f7b-bbf0ff9845c4

single

Hyponasal voice is seen in all except

Causes of hyponasality are Common cold Nasal allergy Nasal polyp Nasal growth Adenoids Nasopharyngeal mass Familial speech pattern Habitual Ref: PL Dhingra; Textbook of EAR, NOSE and THROAT; edition 7; Page - 357

3

Adenoids

Nasal Polyp

Cleft palate

Habitual

ENT

Larynx

6baabbb7-cbab-4ddb-8a82-83687e116a0e

multi

Filled sealants are better than unfilled due to:

null

4

High viscosity

High strength

Cotton application

Low abrasion

Dental

null

927baa63-8457-4b6f-8f90-3575113ca076

single

Receptor for HIV?

Ans. (a) CD4

1

CD4

CD3

CD5

CD56

Microbiology

null

3484dcf6-de53-41af-9e6b-e0c02bc24d6f

single

While doing thoracocentesis, it is advisable to introduce needle along:

A i.e. Upper border of rib:

1

Upper border of the rib.

Lower border of the rib

In anterior pa of intercostal space.

Anatomy

null

cc3a7f6d-55eb-4b8d-a912-a05191eee830

single

In circulatory biomechanics which of the following is true?

Ans. is 'c' i.e., Cardiac output is increased in anemia Cardiac output is increased in conditions which cause decrease in peripheral vascular resistance :- Exercise AV fistula or shunt Severe anemia Thyrotoxicosis Wet beri-beri About other options Blood viscosity is low in anemia and high in polycythemia.

3

Blood viscosity is increased in anemia

Blood viscosity is decreased in polycythemia

Cardiac output is increased in anemia

Cardiac output is decreased in Beri-Beri

Physiology

null

cc522bdc-db80-48f6-bebe-995fff814e8d

multi

Local anesthetic that is not used topically is?

Bupivacaine REF: Miller 6th e p. 590 Topical ( surface ) anesthetics Not used as surface (topical) ) anesthetics * Lignocaine * Procaine * Tetracaine * Bupivacaine * Dibucaine * Mepivacaine * Prilocaine * Cocaine

4

Lignocaine

Dibucaine

Tetracaine

Bupivacaine

Anaesthesia

null

48cf81dd-12a1-48d5-ba70-9dcc672e401d

multi

Mycobacterium scrofulaceum which cause scrofula, belongs to which groups of atypical mycobacteria -

Ans. is 'b' i.e., Scotochromogens

2

Photochromogens

Scotochromogens

Non-photochromogens

Rapid growers

Microbiology

null

4fc5b8ee-da44-46b7-94c2-b836eb1336b9

single

Which of the following is best for transport of the newborn with maintenance of warm temperature –

"Preferably mother should accompany and baby can be transported in KlI4C position. Even father can provide KII/IC during transport if mother can not a company

1

Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC)

Transport incubator

Thermacol box

Hot bottle

Pediatrics

null

2041597c-0b64-4562-bb25-ecd94b4ea426

single

cove sensitization is used for

In cove sensitization also called as imagined punishment, the individual who wants to quit alcohol will be asked to think about adverse consequences of taking alcohol like getting arrested for drunken driving or facing a accident underintoxicated state. He would be told to dream as if if he is drunk and lies intoxicated in the road and has to be brought back to the home by family members where he will be given lot of advice from neighbours and there would be a loss of respect. While these imagined exposure the patient feels bad and makes sure thet he should quit alcohol and his thoughts ahgainst alcohol increases. Ref.kaplon and sadock, synopsis of psychiatry, 11 th edition, pg no. 845

4

PTSD

hysteria

brain injury

alcohol use

Anatomy

Treatment in psychiatry

7b535d72-590a-462c-881c-0898755b9b45

single

A 6 month old baby brought to emergency depament with features of cardiac failure. On examination, she found to have developmental delay and a large tongue. Echocardiography shows severe concentric LVH. The most probable diagnosis is:

The type of glycogen storage disease that primarily involves the hea is Pompe disease (GSD IIa) in which acid maltase, necessary for hydrolysis of the outer branches of glycogen, is absent. There is marked deposition of glycogen within the myocardium. Affected infants are well at bih, but symptoms of growth and developmental delay, feeding problems, and cardiac failure occur by the sixth month of life. Physical examination reveals generalized muscular weakness, a large tongue, and cardiomegaly without significant hea murmurs. Chest radiographs reveal cardiomegaly with or without pulmonary venous congestion. The ECG shows a sho PR interval and LVH with ST depression and T-wave inversion over the left precordial leads. Echocardiography shows severe concentric LVH. Children with Pompe disease usually die before age 1 year. Death may be sudden or result from progressive HF. Ref: Darst J.R., Collins K.K., Miyamoto S.D. (2012). Chapter 20. Cardiovascular Diseases. In W.W. Hay, Jr., M.J. Levin, R.R. Deterding, J.J. Ross, J.M. Sondheimer (Eds), CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment: Pediatrics, 21e.

1

Pompe disease

Von Gierke's disease

Forbe's Disease

McArdle's disease

Pediatrics

null

42ebdd47-f82c-4bd1-9f92-69cb9197d914

single

Which of the following complement components attaches to the crystallizable fragment of immunoglobulin M ?

Ans. is 'c' i.e., Clqrs Only IgM and IgG activate or fix complement the classic pathway. Of the IgGs, only IgG subclasses 1, 2 and 3 fix complement; IgG4 does not.CI, which is bound to a site in the Fc region, is composed of three proteins: Clq, CI r and Cls. Clq is an aggregate of polypeptides that bind to the Fc poion of IgG and IgM.The antibody-antigen immune complex bound to CI activates C I s, which cleaves C4 and C2 to form C4b2b. The latter is an active C3 convease, which cleaves C3 molecules into two fragments: C3a and C3b.

3

C5b

C5a

Clqrs

C4b2a

Microbiology

null

a57bed41-700e-43ea-a1b1-6198f9e4d6f8

multi

All of the folowing opens into middle meatus except:

Superior Meatus The superior meatus lies below the superior concha. It receives the openings of the posterior ethmoid sinuses.Middle MeatusThe middle meatus lies below the middle concha. It has a rounded swelling called the bulla ethmoidalis that is formed by the middle ethmoidal air sinuses, which open on its upper border.A curved opening, the hiatus semilunaris, lies just below the bulla. The maxillary sinus opens into the middle meatus through the hiatus semilunaris.The opening of the frontal air sinus is seen in the anterior pa of the hiatus semilunarisInferior MeatusThe inferior meatus is below and lateral to the inferior nasal concha; the nasolacrimal duct opens into this meatus under cover of the anterior pa of the inferior concha.

3

Middle ethmoidal air sinuses

Maxillary sinus

Posterior ethmoid sinuses

Frontal air sinus

Anatomy

null

c6caa1fd-e9e1-4092-82c4-7ee720d41f70

multi

RPD is indicated in all except

null

2

Long edentulous span

Multiple edentulous spaces

Excessive loss of alveolar bone

Distal abutment Loss

Dental

null

dede0924-f2ca-4a69-b70c-57bbb3f0d80e

multi

Which of the following instruments is shown below?

Ans. (d) Slit lamp biomicroscope.

4

Retinoscope

Direct ophthalmoscope

Indirect ophthalmoscope

Slit lamp biomicroscope

Ophthalmology

Techniques of Ocular Examination and Diagnostic Tests

2774019b-8e71-4254-84e6-fdc603e68d3f

single

About cushing syndrome, true Is -

most cases the cause is bilateral adrenal hyperplasia due to hyper secretion of pituitary ACTH or ectopic production of ACTH by a non pituitary source ( Harrison 17 pg 2255)

4

Low dose dexamethasone suppress coisone secretion

CA of adrenal is more common than adenoma

Pituitary adenoma size > 2 cm (usually)

ACTH secretion is the commonest cause

Medicine

Endocrinology

1e28866e-fce0-41ba-a564-d31f49716219

multi

Best test for Small intestine malabsorption of carbohydrates is :

Answer is C (D-xylose test) D-xylose absorption test is the most commonly employed test for carbohydrate absorption - Harrison An endoscopic mucosal biopsy is the more specific test and is now considered essential. As endoscopic small intestinal biopsy' is not provided in the options 'D-xylose test' is the answer of the choke Evaluation of small intestine malabsorption of carbohydrates due to altered small intestinal mucosal function Urinary D-xylose test Non invasive test of choice Endoscopic mucosal biopsy Test of choice / preferred test `The ease of obtaining a mucosal biopsy of the small intestine by endoscopy and the false negative rate of the Dxylose test have led to its diminished use. When small intestinal disease is suspected, a small intestinal biopsy should be performed' - Harrison

3

Lund meal test :

Shilling test

D-Xylose test

Follacin test

Medicine

null

268d39c0-0404-4fdf-9a16-c3a372205a35

multi

A Thirty five year old female has proximal weakness of muscles, ptosis and easy fatigability. The most sensitive test to suggest the diagnosis is -

null

4

Muscle Biopsy

CPK levels

Edrophonium test

Single fiber EMG

Medicine

null

37a22b3f-52f9-434c-8f18-ed2ce069a122

single

String sign is a radiological feature of -

String sign → Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, Ileocecal tuberculosis. String sign of Kantor → Crohn's disease String of bead sign → Small bowel obstruction

3

Crohn's disease

Ulcerative colitis

Ileocecal tuberculosis

Ischemic colitis

Radiology

null

be649016-c765-4f0a-a077-efe2d1c7633b

single

Alarm system (a reminder technique for digit sucking in mature children) was developed by:

Norton and Gellin developed 3 alarm system.

2

Massler

Norton and Gellin

Benjamin

Pinkham

Dental

null

e6f7cfa9-39ab-4b04-9cf9-042c68522151

single

Which level of prolactin definitely suggest hyperprolactinemia?

Elevations in prolactin may cause amenorrhea or galactorrhea. Amenorrhea without galactorrhea is associated with hyperprolactinemia in approximately 15% of women. In patients with both galactorrhea and amenorrhea, approximately two-thirds will have hyperprolactinemia; of those, approximately one-third will have a pituitary adenoma. In more than one-third of women with hyperprolactinemia, a radiologic abnormality consistent with a microadenoma (<1 cm) is found. Normal Prolactin levels Males: 2-20 ng/mL Females (non-pregnant): 2-30 ng/mL Pregnant females: 10-200 ng/mL A prolactin level of more than 200 ng/mL is usually due to a pituitary tumour and requires pituitary evaluation

1

200 ng/mL

150 ng/mL

50 ng/mL

100 ng/mL

Gynaecology & Obstetrics

Normal Menstruation, Abnormal Menstruation, Menopausal Physiology and forsight of conception

f4db2bbc-2f09-47bd-bfb5-a7eb1a3f525b

single

Bulge sign in knee joint is seen after how much fluid accumulation-

BULGE TEST is a useful method of testing when there is very little fluid in the joint.Usually occurs in medial meniscal injury. It can detect even 30 ml of fluid accumulation. After squeezing any fluid out of the suprapatellar pouch,the medial compament is emptied by pressing on the inner aspect of the joint; that hand is lifted away and the lateral side is sharply compressed-a distinct ripple is seen on the flattened medial surface as fluid is shunted across. REF:APLEY'S 9TH EDITION PAGE NO.550

4

100 ml

400 ml

200 ml

< 30 ml

Orthopaedics

Thigh, Knee,Leg,Foot & Ankle injuries

2688f6c0-2727-4446-ac82-aea615715ddd

single

An 11-year-old boy was brought to the pediatric OPD with multiple abscesses over his face, chest, and back. The child has a history of recurrentrespiratory infections. On examination, he has atopic excoriating skin and multiple cold abscesses on his back. What is the most probable diagnosis?

From the above clinical history and examination, the most probable diagnosis is Hyper IgE syndrome (Job's syndrome). It is an autosomal dominant primary immunodeficiency disease caused by a mutation of STAT3 gene. Neutrophils do not generate an immune response, probably due to a defect in chemotaxis. Patients present with recurrent staphylococcal skin abscesses, recurrent lung infections (pneumatoceles), eczema, eosinophilia and high serum levels of lgE. Reference: Ananthanarayan and Paniker&;s Textbook of Microbiology Tenth edition

1

Hyper IgE syndrome

Hyper IgM syndrome

Carcinoid syndrome

Wiskott aldrich syndrome

Microbiology

Immunology

b3b8f17f-25ac-4f83-9434-0efb1f1621b8

single

Material used in verterbroplasty is :

Ans. is 'd' i.e. Polymethyl methacrylate Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are interventional radiologic procedures for the treatment of the intense pain refractory to medical management or bracing caused by vertebral compression fracture associated with osteoporosis, tumors, and trauma.Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty involve intraosseous injection of acrylic cement- polymethyl methacrylate under local anesthesia and fluoroscopic guidance.Pain reduction or elimination is immediate, and the risk of complications is low. Neither vertebroplasty nor kyphoplasty are intended for the treatment of intervertebral disc disease or arthritis.Vertebroplasty may also be applied prophylactically to an at-risk vertebra between 2 other abnormal vertebrae.Vertebroplasty does not restore the height of the compressed vertebral body. A related procedure, kyphoplasty, is intended to restore lost height by inflating a balloon pump within and between the fracture fragments prior to the infusion of the cement. Both procedures result in similar relief of pain due to vertebral compression fractures.The risks of the procedure are low and include extravasation of cement into the epidural space causing myelopathy, or fatal pulmonary embolism from extension of cement into paraspinous veins.

4

Isomethyl methacrylate

Isoethyl methacrylate

Polyethyl methacrylate

Polymethyl methacrylate

Orthopaedics

Management In Orthopedics

ef67c9a8-9deb-49f6-a1ad-caba454e0b0a

single

All of the following are false regarding Vacuum assisted closure Except -

VACUUM ASSISTED CLOSURE/NEGATIVE PRESSURE WOUND THERAPY(NPWT) NPWT promotes wound healing by applying a vacuum through a special sealed dressing. Continued vacuum draws out the fluid (interstitial fluid) from wound and increase blood flow to the area. As a result, bacterial counts decrease and cell proliferation increases, thereby creating a suitable bed for graft or flap cover. Intermittent negative pressure of -125 mm Hg appears to hasten debridement and formation of granulation tissue in chronic wounds and ulcers. Contraindications for NPWT Use Malignancy in the wound Untreated osteomyelitis Non-enteric & unexplored fistula Necrotic tissue with eschar

1

Due to negative pressure , bacterial counts decrease and cell proliferation increases in the wound.

Continuous pressure of +125 mm hg is applied.

It causes interstitial edema , thereby increasing blood flow and better healing.

Suitable to be used over malignancy if present in wound.

Surgery

General Surgery

9c4029de-9c28-4ae8-959e-c8b0eb3fce8b

multi

Which of the following is not found in cerebral palsy?

Cerebral palsy is a static encephalopathy and a disorder of posture and movement often associated with seizures and deficit in the motor, language, and social milestones due to insult to the developing brain.MICROCEPHALY is a feature of cerebral palsy because of insult to the developing brain.DYSTONIC CP is associated with hypotoniaEXTRAPYRAMIDAL CP is associated with ataxiaCerebral palsy is an upper motor neuron disease characterized by rigidity.Flaccid paralysis is a feature of lower motor neuron disease. Hence flaccid paralysis not a feature of cerebral palsy.Spastic cerebral palsy is the common type( 65%)Spastic CP - prognosis for normal intellectual development is good compared to other types of cerebral palsy.BIH ASPHYXIA accounts for only 8 -10% of cerebral palsy.

4

Hypotonia

Microcephaly

Ataxia

Flaccid paralysis

Pediatrics

All India exam

f3dc8239-3a5e-49a4-965e-b644963a9660

single

When observations are made before and after the exposure to the factor, it is -

Ref:Parks 23rd edition pg 852 Tests of significance: Qualitative: Chi- square : 2 or more than 2 groups Mc Nemar test : 1 group. ( before and after intervention) Quantitative: Paired T test: 1 group Student T test/ unpaired T test: 2 groups Anova: more than 2 groups.

3

Chi-square test

Unpaired T-Test

Paired T-Test

ANOVA test

Social & Preventive Medicine

Biostatistics

1455c58f-89a0-47fa-a763-b4ea704aa815

single

The symmetrical radiopacities marked with arrow are most likely:

On periapical radiographs of the mandibular central incisors, the mental ridge (protuberance) may occasionally be seen as two radiopaque lines sweeping bilaterally forward and upward toward the midline. They are of variable width and density and may be found to extend from low in the premolar area on each side up to the midline, where they lie just inferior to or are superimposed on the mandibular incisor roots. The image of the mental ridge is most prominent when the beam is directed parallel with the surface of the mental tubercle (as when using the bisecting-angle technique). Ref: White and Pharoah, pg- 145

2

Genial tubercle

Mental ridges

Mylohyoid ridges

Both 1 and 2

Radiology

null

5dc7f2d1-546b-4fd3-b333-1be488ea9724

multi

An absent kidney is found in

About 1 in 1400 people have a single kidney. Sometimes a ureter and renal pelvis are present with no kidney. The contralateral kidney is typically hyperophied. Reference: page 1282 Bailey and Love's sho practice of surgery 26th edition ( note : according to 27th edition Complete absence of one kidney occurs in 1 in 500-1000 bihs )

3

1:200 individuals

1:700 individuals

1:1400 individuals

1:5000 individuals

Surgery

Urology

ce5dba32-2e1e-47a0-b9ce-e961ad0b5cbc

single

A 50 years old male presents with massive splenomegaly. His differential diagnosis will include all, except

Diseases Associated with massive splenmegaly. Chronic myclogenous leukemia Gaucher's disease Lymphomas Chronic lymphocytic leukemia Hairy cell leukemia Sarcoidosis Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia Autoimmune hemolytic anemia Polycythemia vera Diffuse splenic human giomatosis

4

Chronic mycloid leukemia

Polycythemia rubra vera

Hairy cell leukemia

Aplastic anemia

Pathology

null

cef9da83-f3f7-4b8c-84a4-59e80996324f

multi

For cast restorations the cavity wall should have a taper of

null

3

30-45 degree

5-10 degree

2-5 degree

none of the above

Dental

null

efd87ce0-0877-43c1-9116-151799332e09

multi

All of the following statements regarding nasolabial cyst are TRUE, EXCEPT:

Nasolabial cyst are common developmental cyst arising outside the bone in the nasolabial fold below the alae nasi. It usually affects women in their 4th to 5th decade. Microscopically the cyst is lined by non cililated pseudostratified columnar epithelium. Complete surgical excision is the treatment of choice.

1

Arises from odontoid epithelium

Presents submucosally in anterior nasal floor

Bilateral

Usually seen in adults

ENT

null

b563d140-a778-4077-99e0-143148f02d06

multi

Darrier's sign is seen in -

Ans. is 'b' i.e., Urticaria pigmentosao Urticaria pigmentosa is a familial cutaneous disorder characterised by generalised distribution of red brown macules,o Each lesion represents a collection of mast cells in the dermis with hyperpigmentation of overlying epidermis,o The most characteristic features is that these lesions urticate on scratching.o Light scratching with the point of forceps or rounded tip of a pen or even rubbing causes these mast cells to degranulate leading to localized urticaria (become red swollen and enlarged) - Darrier's Sign Extensive release of histamine from mast cell degranulation may result in - Headache, flushing diarrhea and pruritis.

2

Darrier's disease

Urticaria pigmentosa

Allergic vasculitis

Atopic dermatitis

Skin

General

c2e38fe6-a36d-491d-9ca2-dacfb5d8e6bc

multi

Melatonin is secreted by parenchymal cells of pineal gland. Fever causes:

Thermoregulatory centre to shift to new level

1

Thermoregulatory centre to shift to new level

Resetting of skin temperature

Both of the above

None of the above

Physiology

null

2e70fe87-78f9-4b7d-a7b0-121781b78acc

multi

Which of the metabolic abnormality is seen in multiple myeloma?

null

3

Hyponatremia

Hypokalemia

Hypercalcemia

Hyperphosphatemia

Pathology

null

37531bef-c2e6-448a-aa9a-e37a17d4db63

single

An adult presented with hematemesis and upper abdominal pain. Endoscopy revealed a growth at the pyloric antrum of the stomach. CT scan showed growth involving the pyloric antrum without infiltration or invasion into surrounding structures and no evidence of distant metastasis. At laparotomy neoplastic growth was observed to involve the posterior wall of the stomach and the pancreas extending 6cm up to the tail of the pancreas. What will be the most appropriate surgical management

Palliative procedures like palliative paial gastrectomy, anterior gastrojejunostomy, Devine's exclusion procedure, luminal stenting in proximal inoperable growths, chemotherapy are used in inoperable cases. * In early carcinoma proper lymph nodal clearance is impoant. Antrectomy is also called as hemi-gastrectomy. Removal of 60-75% stomach is called a paial gastrectomy. Removal of more than 80% of the stomach is called a subtotal gastrectomy. Distal pancreatectomy or central pancreatectomy or total pancreatectomy for cystadenocarcinoma of pancreas depending on the extent and size of a tumour . Ref: SRB&;s manual of surgery,3 rd ed, pg no 636

3

Closure of the abdomen

Antrectp, u amd vagotomy

Paial gastrectomy + Distal pancreatectomy

Paial gastrectomy + Distal pancreatectomy + splenectomy

Surgery

G.I.T

62624a25-a7eb-467f-9e11-cc045b3b99bc

multi

Which of the following is an anti-coagulant for atrial fibrillation in a patient with prior history of stroke, with reduced risk of haemorrhage?

Anticoagulants are the treatment of choice in patients with atrial fibrillation and prior stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). Vitamin K antagonists such as warfarin have long been the mainstay of therapy, but a new set of anticoagulants has emerged as a reasonable alternative that may indeed prove to have better efficacy and a reduced risk of hemorrhage. Apixaban is one such oral direct factor Xa inhibitor; it was recently shown to be likely more effective compared with warfarin in the Apixaban for the Prevention of Stroke in Subjects With Atrial Fibrillation (ARISTOTLE) trial. Clopidogrel combined with aspirin was more effective than aspirin alone in preventing vascular events, principally stroke, but increases the risk of major bleeding. Ref: 1. Easton JD et al. Apixaban compared with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation and previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack: A subgroup analysis of the ARISTOTLE trial. Lancet Neurol 2012;11:503. 2. Smith W.S., English J.D., Johnston S.C. (2012). Chapter 370. Cerebrovascular Diseases. In D.L. Longo, A.S. Fauci, D.L. Kasper, S.L. Hauser, J.L. Jameson, J. Loscalzo (Eds), Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18e.

2

Vitamin K antagonists

Apixaban

Clopidogrel

Ticlopidine

Medicine

null

c0aee457-26c3-42cc-a1e8-7fd4fccd0207

single

The cause of oedema in nephritic syndrome

Robbins page no p922 Glomerular diseases presenting with a nephritic syn- drome are often characterized by inflammation in the glomeruli. The nephritic patient usually presents with hematuria, red cell casts in the urine, azotemia, oliguria, and mild to moderate hypeension. Proteinuria and edema are common, but these are not as severe as those encountered in the nephrotic syndrome, discussed later. The acute nephritic syndrome may occur in such multi- system diseases as SLE and microscopic polyangiitis.

4

Increase in plasma protein concentratn

Decrease plasma protein concentratn

Reduced plasma osmotic pressure

Sodium and water retention

Pathology

Urinary tract

e8f17b12-1cdd-4ea4-9f5d-ef03a47d41ff

single

Triple assessment for carcinoma breast includes :

Triple assessment comprises of : Clinical examination (palpation). Radiological imaging (mammography or USG). Pathological assessment (Biopsy or cytology).

2

History, clinical examination, biopsy/cytology

Clinical examination, mammography, biopsy/cytology

History, clinical examination, ultrasonography

Observation, ultrasonography, biopsy/cytology

Radiology

null

a94f1530-2ef9-4d91-a5c6-056e2180420f

single

EC O157:H7, shiga toxin-producing strain of E. coli can be distinguished from other strains of E.coli by using the following medium:

Shiga toxin-producing E coli (STEC) are named for the cytotoxic toxins they produce. There are at least two antigenic forms of the toxin referred to as Shiga-like toxin 1 and Shiga-like toxin 2. STEC has been associated with, Hemorrhagic colitis Severe diarrhea Hemolytic uremic syndrome resulting acute renal failure Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia Thrombocytopenia Of the E coli serotypes that produce Shiga toxin, O157:H7 is the most common. STEC O157:H7 does not use sorbitol, unlike most other E coli, and is negative (clear colonies) on sorbitol MacConkey agar (sorbitol is used instead of lactose); which serves as an impoant criterion that distinguishes it from other strains of E. coli. O157:H7 strains also are negative on MUG tests. Many of the non-O157 serotypes may be sorbitol positive when grown in culture. Ref: Brooks G.F. (2013). Chapter 15. Enteric Gram-Negative Rods (Enterobacteriaceae). In G.F. Brooks (Ed), Jawetz, Melnick, & Adelberg's Medical Microbiology, 26e.

2

Hektoen agar

Sorbitol

Blood agar

LJ medium

Microbiology

null

63fc1595-897d-4cd1-aff2-b44bc651e84b

single

Amylin is secreted by which cell of pancreas?

Amylin, or islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), is a 37-residue peptide hormone. It is cosecreted with insulin from the pancreatic b-cells in the ratio of approximately 100:1.Ref: Ganong&;s review of medical physiology 23rd edition Page no: 315

2

Alpha cells

Beta cells

Gamma cells

Delta cells

Physiology

G.I.T

42f7afcf-c9f3-48d5-bb82-6c749036138a

single

Putrefaction process is delayed by :

Carbolic acid delays the process of putrefaction. Peritonitis, ansarca, sepsis enhances the process of putrefaction.

3

Peritonitis

Ansarca

Carbolic acid

Sepsis

Forensic Medicine

null

6d8e49b2-7017-4dca-b017-85f516181804

single

Initial preferred investigation for thyroid nodule is:

Initial investigation done in STN is thyroid function test(TFT) Investigation of choice in STN for diagnosis is FNAC Solitary Thyroid Nodule: Initial investigation done in STN is thyroid function test (TFT) If TFT is raised, next investigation is thyroid scan , (For hot nodules, RAI ablation or surgery is done; For warm or cold nodules follow-up or surgery) If TFT is normal, USG is done (Aspiration in cystic lesion, FNAC for solid or heterogenous lesions) Investigationn of choice in STN for diagnosis is FNAC. Ref: Sabiston 20th edition Pgno: 890

3

FNAC

Radionucleide test

Thyroid function test

USG

Surgery

Endocrinology and breast

868974ec-5ea4-4b32-995b-5c99bbac2576

single

Longest fetal diameter:

Ans is d, i.e. MentoverticalFetal diameters-AP diameters are always longer than Transverse diameter of fetal head.Longest diameter is-Mentovertical diameter (14 cms) followed by submentovertical diameter.

4

Biparietal

Suboccip tobregmatic

Occipitofrontal

Mentovertical

Gynaecology & Obstetrics

Fetal Skull and Maternal Pelvis

5e32f377-76df-42e4-98b5-69b6c90477c3

single

Which of the following is an impoant distinguishing characteristic of H. pylori as compared to Campylobacter species?

Both Campylobacter and Helicobacter Belong to the family Campylobacteriaceae. Both are GNspiral-shaped or comma-shaped bacteria. Catalase and oxidase positive. Urease however, is produced only by Helicobacter.

3

Oxidase production

Catalase production

Urease production

Curved shape

Microbiology

Systemic Bacteriology (Haemophilus, Yersinia, Spirochaetes, Ricketssia, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma and Miscellaneous Bacteria)

0192ace1-b1f2-4dfa-8257-3a84efa89e67

single

True about Hepatocellular Carcinoma ?

Ans. is 'c' i.e. HBV predisposes Most common cancers in the world are --> Lung > Breast > Colorectal. As already stated before, HCC presents quite late and thus only 15-20% cancers are resectable. Most patients with unresectable lesions die within a year after diagnosis.

3

Most prevalent malignancy

Commonest liver tumor

HBV predisposes

Patient present in early stage

Surgery

null

fed4a923-ccb8-4b73-9708-40b1f845532c

multi

From A drugs which acts through inhibition of integrase activity of virus ?

Ans. is 'a' i.e., Raltegravir

1

Raltegravir

Tiprinavir

Enfuviide

Etravirine

Pharmacology

null

c9ac6ed6-300b-4992-9c12-bdbeab2d2b7c

single

A 33 yr /M has history of A, now complaints of pain left hip. On examination there is Flexion, External Rotation of left lower limb is present. There is 7 cm shoening of left lower limb, there is a gluteal mass felt which moves with the movement of femoral shaft, most probable diagnosis could be?

Anterior dislocation is ruled out because it will have Flexion Abduction External Rotation with lengthening and anterior femoral head (Mass that moves with femur shaft is femur head). Central dislocation is ruled out because it will have shoening and femur head palpable on per rectal examination. Posterior dislocation will have Flexion Adduction and internal rotation with shoening and gluteal femoral head. Pipkins type IV: Shoening and gluteal mass with atypical features Type I: Femoral head fracture caudal to fovea centralis. Type II: Femoral head fracture cephalad to the fovea. Type III: Femoral head fracture associated with femoral neck fracture. Type IV: Type I, II or III with associated acetabular fracture.

4

Anterior dislocation of hip

Central fracture dislocation

Posterior dislocation

Pipkin's type 4 fracture

Orthopaedics

Pelvis and Hip Injury

e1a175d6-8a8b-4925-a0dc-c486737eee31

single

C-reactive proteins are -

Ans. is 'b' i.e., Beta-1 globulin C-reactive is a nonspecific inflammatory acute phase protein. It is a beta globulin which is produced in the liver.

2

Alpha-1 globulin

Beta-1 globulin

Alpha-2 globulin

All

Microbiology

null

2458763e-1057-4cab-8f4c-e000556faf40

multi

Wood's lamp is made up of -

Wood's Lamp It is a low intensity ultraviolet light(360nm) emitted by a high pressure mercury lamp fitted with a special filter made up of 9% nickel oxide and silica.

4

9% nickel oxide with 6% barium silicate

9% nickel oxide with 9% barium silicate

6% nickel oxide with 6% barium silicate

9% nickel oxide with barium silicate

Dental

Fungal infections

b457fb36-1ee1-4af3-915b-e128af60b160

single

In carcinoid syndrome, the ap of hea mostly affected is:

Answer is B (Inflow tract of RV) The most commonly involved valve in, carcinoid syndrome is tricuspid valve which forms the inflow tract of Right ventricle. Most commonly involved pa of hea : Inflow tract of RV (Tricuspid valve) Second most commonly involved pa of hea : Outflow tract of RV (Pulmonic valve)

2

Outflow tract of RV

Inflow tract of RV

Inflow tract of LV

Outflow tract LV

Medicine

null

fb0e5556-9c34-4764-8f98-b662d4efa4bb

single

Forceps used for maxillary fracture disimpaction

null

1

Rowe's

Bristows

Ashs

Walshams

Surgery

null

412a173a-22e2-487d-ae6e-5be7fb36ae32

single

Premature atherosclerosis causing death is seen in:

Fabry's disease is an X-linked dominant disorder. Angiokeratoma corporis diffusum is another name for it. Neuropathy usually stas in the childhood. It is overshadowed by complications arising from the associated premature atherosclerosis that lead to death by the fifth decade of life. ALSO KNOW: Fabry's disease is caused by mutations in the Alpha -galactosidase gene. There will be accumulation of ceramide trihexoside in nerves and blood vessels. Enzyme replacement therapy with alpha galactosidase B may be useful in the early stages. Ref: Harrison, Edition-18, Page-3456

1

Fabry's disease

Vitamin E deficiency

Abetalipoproteinemia

Spinocerebellar ataxia

Medicine

null

6ca325b0-59fa-4428-90b7-a91578778f8e

single

Pharmacovigilance means:

Pharmacovigilance has been defined by the WHO as the ''science and activities relating to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems'' The information generated by pharmacovigilance is useful in educating doctors about the adverse drug reaction and in the official regulation of drug use Ref; KD Tripathi Pharmacology 7th edition (page no:82)

1

Monitoring of drug safety

Monitoring of unethical trade of drugs

Monitoring pharma students

Monitoring drug efficacy

Pharmacology

General pharmacology

e702181c-7216-4b23-9a09-87ec18055cda

single

When the black band of a CPITN probe is completely visible while in gingival sulcus, it means

null

4

The individual has advanced periodontal disease

The individual has pockets between 4 and 5 mm

The individual needs comprehensive periodontal surgery

The individual has calculus and needs scaling and oral hygiene instructions

Dental

null

d13b6018-1e13-4b73-8907-fbce9db98e0c

single

Ligament of poupart is

Ligament of poupart is another name for Inguinal ligament

4

Linea alba

Pectineal ligament

Lacunar ligament

Inguinal ligament

Anatomy

null

e5d4a9c1-c129-4b4a-a018-1d9ae1610247

single

Individuals with alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver may develop severe hepatotoxicity after doses of acetaminophen that are not toxic to individuals with normal liver function. This increased sensitivity to acetaminophen's toxicity is due to :

null

2

Decrease availability of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase

Decreased hepatocellular stores of glutathione

Decreased activity of Cytochrome P450 enzymes

Increased liver blood flow

Pharmacology

null

fb061a24-1aa1-4647-b111-a5c44a57f236

single

The chromosomal complement of a primary oocyte is-

Ans- (C) Primary oocyte

3

23X

23Y

46XX

46XY

Gynaecology & Obstetrics

Obstetrical Anatomy

24029ee3-dd7f-4123-b0f9-987a14bdcde9

single

Most affernt fibers from the lateral geniculate nucleus terminate in the primary visual coex is:

Most fibers from the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) end in layer 4 of the primary visual coex. Ref: Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology, 22nd Edition, Page 161; Berne and Levy Physiology, 5th Edition, Page 129.

3

Layer 1

Layer 2 and 3

Layer 4

Layer 5 and 6

Physiology

null

1301534f-397c-49c9-a09d-b4d04770bc3d

single

A 40 year old male brought to the emergency room with a stab injury to the chest.On examination pt is found to be hemodynamically stable. The neck veins are engorged and the hea sounds are muffled .The following statements are true for this pt except -

Pericardial tamponade Pericardial tamponade must be differentiated from tension pneumothorax in the shocked patient with distented neck veins It is most commonly the result of penetrating trauma. Characterized by Beck's Triad (MDH) : Muffled hea sounds, distended neck veins & Hypotension Diagnosis Chest X-Ray : Enlarged hea shadow Echocardiography : ECHO is diagnostic showing fluid in the pericardial sac. Central line : Rising central venous pressure Treatment Needle pericardiocentesis can buy enough time to move to the operating room. Treatment of choice : Surgical pericardiotomy Ref: Sabiston 20th edition Pgno :1678

4

Cardiac tamponade is likely to be present

Echocardiogram should be done to rule out pericardial blood

Entry wound should be sealed with occlusive dressing

Emergency thoracotomy should be done

Surgery

Trauma

2bab1ed2-2183-483b-a128-7a34e52f1cc6

multi

Nagler's reaction is shown by ?

null

2

Clostridium tetani

Clostridium welchii

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Mycobacterium leprae

Microbiology

null

c997a4aa-bcbf-4f5c-8e24-e40ac6c86cbb

single

Using a lens of +14D, magnification of fundus of an emmetropic eye in indirect ophthalmoscopy is: March 2013 (e)

Ans. D i.e. 5 times

4

5 times

10 times

15 times

25 times

Ophthalmology

null

bae4c5b6-61b7-41f8-bcec-1a7cc01dc7fa

single

The characteristic feature of catatonic schizophrenia is

(D) All of the above

4

Stupor

Rigidity

Negativism

All of the above

Psychiatry

Miscellaneous

9065f47e-5e37-4cda-a7aa-f12052c9a741

multi

A diabetic with orbital cellulitis and maxillary sinusitis shows hyaline, narrow, septate and ranching hyphae with invasion of the blood vessels fungus on microscopy. Which is the causative fungus ?

Ans. is 'c' i.e., Aspergillus Diagnosis of Aspergillus infection: o Histologic examination of affected tissue reveals either infarction, with invasion of blood vessels by many fungal hvphae, or acute necrosis, with limited inflammation and hyphae. o Aspergillus hyphae are hyaline, narrow, and septate, with branching at 45deg: no yeast forms are present in infected tissue. o Hyphae can be seen in cytology or microscopy preparations, which therefore provide a rapid means of presumptive diagnosis.

3

Candida

Rhizospora

Aspergillus

Histoplasma

ENT

Head & Neck Infections

21b58724-2e4c-4a78-86f0-401280e11c97

single

Partogram is used to -

Ans: D

4

Assess the fetal well-being in labour

Assess the condition of the baby at birth

Record the events of pregnancy

Assess the progress of labour

Unknown

null

0aa4162b-2f25-444c-8ddc-d2715009e7a2

single

Mcdonald stitch is applied in the following conditions except:

Contraindications to Circlage operation: Intra uterine infection Ruptured membranes H/o vaginal bleeding Severe uterine irritability Cervical dilatation > 4 cm

3

Incompetent os

Septate uterus

Placenta previa

Bad obstetrical history

Gynaecology & Obstetrics

null

963206a7-9a26-4a3a-a19f-4b8cbc891b88

multi

In early stages, how is acute alveolar abscess is diagnosed:

PDL widening can be the method for diagnosing the acute alveolar abscess in early stage, while chronic alveolar abscess presents as more distinct radiographic lesion.

3

No change.

A diffuse radiolucency.

PDL widening.

None of the above.

Dental

null

509bd76b-ca61-41c9-b92e-bf0f681cedde

multi

Specific reason to disallow the sample for culture -

Sample brought in formalin are not allowed for culture,as it may loose it's characteristic propeies specific to that organism. Ref ananthnarayana and panikers microbiology textbook

3

Sample brought within 2 hr of collection

Sample brought in sterile plastic container

Sample brought in formalin

Sample obtained after cleaning the collection site

Microbiology

general microbiology

91ea791b-0f1d-48df-b99b-371703fdfcf6

multi

The spirometer can estimate all the following except

The total lung capacity (TLC), about 6,000 mL, is the maximum amount of air that can fill the lungs (TLC = TV + IRV + ERV + RV Ref: guyton and hall textbook of medical physiology 12 edition page number:326,327,328

1

Total lung capacity

Forced expiratory volume in 1 second

Peak expiratory flow

Vital capacity

Physiology

Respiratory system

e8890ea7-5e0a-4ef3-8b16-8f7160b983c1

multi

Epidural anaesthesia decrease risk of – a) Headacheb) Hypotensionc) Meningitisd) Arachnoiditis

As dura is not punctured in epidural anesthesia, chances of postdural puncture headache, meningitis and arachnoiditis are less.

4

abc

ad

bc

acd

Anaesthesia

null

4305dbde-56fb-4145-9478-4392cd99c850

single

Gamma Carboxylation of what requires vitamin K

Biochemical functions of Vitamin K The functions of vitamin K are concerned with blood clotting process. lt brings about the post- translational (after protein biosynthesis in the cell) modification of ceain blood clotting factors. The clotting factors ll (prothrombin), Vil, lX and X are synthesized as inactive precursors (zymogens) in the liver. Vitamin K acts as a coenzyme for the carboxylation of glutamic acid residues present in the proteins and this reaction is catalysed by a carboxylase (microsomal). lt involves the conversion of glutamate (Clu) to y-carboxyglutamate (Gla) and requires vitamin K, O2 and COz. The formation of y-carboxyglutamate is inhibited by dicumarol, an anticoagulant found in spoilt sweet clover. Warfarin is a synthetic analogue that can inhibit vitamin K action Vitamin K is also required for the carboxylation of glutamic acid residues of osteocalcin, a calcium binding protein present in the bone. The mechanism of carboxylation is not fully understood. lt is known that a 2,3-epoxide derivative of vitamin K is formed as. an intermediate during the course of the reaction. Dicumarol inhibits the enzyme (reductase) that conves epoxide to active vitamin K. Ref : Biochemistry by U. Satyanarayana 3rd edition Pgno : 130

2

Glutamine

Glutamic Acid

Glycine

Aspaate

Biochemistry

All India exam

0fb4c8ba-06e5-40bc-bb6f-7d42cbba6df0

single

Which of the following is not an anti androgenic drug ?

Ans. is 'd' i.e., Cypionate

4

Flutamide

Spironolactone

Finasteride

Cypionate

Pharmacology

null

fadf01f3-49bd-4d36-9244-db8fee63b26a

single

12 years old male presented with intensely itchy grouped vesicles on buttock, trunk and scalp. On exposure to wheat they exaggerate. Diagnosis is -

Ans is 'b' i.e. Dermatitis herpetiformis o Among given options only dermatitis herpetiformis is a gluten sensitivity disorder and aggravates on on eating gluten (wheat, rye, barley).Other features in favour of diagnosis areo Intense itching (characteristic feature)o Distribution of lesion - buttock, trunk and scalpo Age group - DH is commonly seen in 2nd to 3rd decade.o Has been explained in previous sessions.

2

Herpes simplex

Dermatitis herpetiformis

Pemphigus vulgaris

Bullous impetigo

Skin

Eosinophilic Dermatoses

a20b05b3-292f-4d3f-8c37-6a750c56f54c

single

Causes of a painless limp in infancy includes:

Painless Limp Painful Limp 1-3 years age group: DDH Cerebral palsy Muscular dystrophy Infantile coxa vara 4-10 years age: Limb length discrepancy Poliomyelitis Legg Calve Pehes disease Slipped capital femoral epiphysis Osteochondritis dissecans -Lateral surface of medial femoral condyle Ahritis/Synovitis/Osteomyelitis

4

Congenital dislocation of hip

Infantile coxa vara

Poliomyelitis

All of the above

Orthopaedics

Pediatric Ohopedics

427eab8b-80f7-4b9d-bef8-568f7171baad

multi

Functions of plasmin are all except-

Ans. is 'd' i.e., Stabilization of fibrin * Plasmin is a proteolytic enzyme which belongs to serine protease family.* Its function are:-i) Fibrinolysis by break down of fibrin - It is the major function.ii) Activation of Collagenaseiii) Break down of matrix proteins (fibrin, fibronectin, thrombospondin, laminin) and von Willebrand factor.* These effects are responsible for role of plasmin in embryogenesis, wound healing, angiogenesis and tumor growth & dissemination.* Plasmin released as zymogen (inactive) form, i.e. plasminogen from liver. In circulation, plasminogen is converted into active plasmin by tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), Kallikrein and Hageman factor (factor XII).

4

Fibrinolysis

Activation of collagenase

Destruction of VWF

Stabilization of fibrin

Physiology

Heart, Circulation, and Blood

7cc077c6-674f-4607-826a-fedc6f8359b5

multi

What is the extent of spinal cord in an adult?

Ans. is 'a' i.e., Lower border of LI * Spinal cord begins at foramen magnum and, in adults, ends at lower border of LI.StructureExtends uptoAdult spinal cordInfant spinal cordLower border of L} or upper border of L2Upper border of L3 vertebraeFilum terminalePiamaterTip of coccyxDural sheathSubdural spaceSub arachnoid spaceS2 vertebra

1

Lower border of L1

Tip of Coccyx

Upper border of L3

S2

Anatomy

Neuroanatomy

fcb3a478-0394-4019-a961-895418c7baf1

single

Which of the following are common physiological problems in neonates:

Ans. D. All of the aboveNeonates may have minor physiological peculiarities which are of no serious consequences. These include(i) Regurgitation of milk (most neonates take out small amount of curdled milk soon after feed. Child is usually active and vomitus is never yellow or green colour)(ii) Transitional stools: It is the transition from meconium to the yellow homogenous stool of a breastfed infant and is physiological(iii) Erythema toxicum: The rash usually appears on 2nd or 3rd day of life. It is scattering of erythema macules, papules and even vesicles. It occurs commonly over trunk, face and extremities and palms and soles are spared.(iv) Mongolian spots: They are pigmented lesions found at birth. The area most commonly involved is the lumbosacral region, but occasionally in the upper back, arms, buttocks and legs may be involved.(v) Neonatal Jaundice: Jaundice is common physical finding (manifesting as yellowness of the skin of the face) when serum bilirubin exceeds 5mg/dl during the first week of life. As the degree of jaundice increases, there is cephalocaudal progression. Jaundice should be considering non - physiological if it has appeared within 24 hours of age, stains palms or soles or persists beyond 10-14 days.

4

Erythema toxicum

Transitional stools

Mongolian spots

All of the above

Pediatrics

New Born Infants

e89c0dce-e2fc-4848-b0ca-d979a55522cc

multi

The following is a marker of acute hepatitis B infection-

HBV-DNA can be measured by PCR in the blood. Viral loads are usually in excess of 105 copies/mL in the presence of active viral replication, as indicated by the presence of e antigen. In contrast, in individuals with low viral replication, who are HBsAg- and anti-HBe-positive, viral loads are less than 105 copies/mL. The exception is in patients who have a mutation in the pre-core protein, which means they cannot secrete e antigen into serum . Such individuals will be anti-HBe-positive but have a high viral load and often evidence of chronic hepatitis. These mutations are common in the Far East, and those patients affected are classified as having e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis. They respond differently to antiviral drugs from those with classical e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis. Measurement of viral load is impoant in monitoring antiviral therapy and identifying patients with pre-core mutants. Specific HBV genotypes (A-H) can also be identified using PCR. In some settings, these may be useful in guiding therapy, as genotype A tends to respond better to pegylated interferon-alfa compared to genotypes C and D. Ref Davidson edition23rd pg 875

1

DNA polymerase

Hepatitis core antigen

Anti HBs

IgG to core antigen

Medicine

G.I.T

baecb9cc-1a82-4b24-b4bf-039591c233b1

single

Binding of gp 120 causes:

Ans. b. Facilitation of co-receptor

2

Infection of target cell

Facilitation of co-receptor

Fusing of virus and target cell

None

Microbiology

null

bfdb31ea-9207-4a5d-9828-7146bd23e160

multi

Following is not a variety of entropion ?

Ans. is 'a' i.e., Pathological

1

Pathological

Spastic

Cicatrix

Involutional

Ophthalmology

null

c8287cdc-beb7-4892-b8ba-56609b8c8ada

single

Tendon Xanthomas are seen in

null

1

Familial hyper cholesterolemia

Familial hyper lipidemia

Familial beta lipoprotenemia

Familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency

Medicine

null

4466c5a9-336a-4ece-bb29-0f5a79fe78e1

single

All or none law refers to:

Action potential

1

Action potential

Resting potential

Membrane potential

None

Physiology

null

ec34669b-33da-4a90-b011-b5060b5f08be

multi

If a biochemical test gives the same reading for a sample on repeated testing, it is inferred that the measurement is:

Criteria of screening test Acceptability – The test should be acceptable to population to which it is going to be applied. Repeatability (reliability, precision, reproducibility) – The test must give consistent results when repeated more than once on the same individual or material under the same condition. Validity (accuracy) – It refers to what extent the test accurately measures which it purports to measure. (it means it expresses the ability of a test to separate or distinguish those who have the disease from those who do not). Accuracy refers to closeness with which measured values agree with “true” value. It has two components: i. Sensitivity – Ability of test of identify correctly all those who have disease. ii. Specificity – Ability to test to identify correctly all those who do not have disease. So, if test gives the same reading for a sample on repeated testing means test is precise (i.e., reliable, reproducible, repeatable).

1

Precise

Accurate

Specific

Sensitive

Dental

null

84ccdd2e-85e7-4cf7-8ddc-06df9ccf024a

single