manu/mldr-zoomed-100char-total-queries-documents

chunk_id stringlengths 3 9	chunk stringlengths 1 100
114_65	Declared Noxious Weeds. These plants have been declared noxious under the Catchment and Land
114_66	Protection Act 1994. These plants have the potential to cause serious environmental harm and
114_67	therefore must be managed. Ragwort (Senecio jacobaea), Spear Thistle (Cirsium vulgare) and Hawthorn
114_68	(Crataegus monogyna) are all declared noxious weeds.
114_69	Invasive pest animals can have detrimental effects on the park because they prey on native wildlife
114_70	and can "out-compete and displace native animals by competing for their habitat, food and water
114_71	resources". Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) are an established pest animal in all of Victoria. When it
114_72	comes to the Yarra Ranges National Park, mainly trapping methods are employed to manage the issue.
114_73	In Victoria there is a program that rewards eligible Victorian hunters with a $10 bounty reward for
114_74	each individual fox killed, subject to the Victorian Fox Bounty Terms and Conditions. Due to this,
114_75	and the amount of foxes in the park, Parks Victoria opens up the park occasionally to allow hunters
114_76	in to help manage the fox issue. Other pest animals within the park are European Rabbits
114_77	(Oryctolagus cuniculus) and feral cats.
114_78	Fires
114_79	Fires are a natural part of Australian environment because they are needed for the renewal of
114_80	ecosystems; however, in recent times these bushfires have been occurring outside normal
114_81	frequencies, intensities, seasons and scale of what fauna and flora can tolerate. To reduce the
114_82	potential impact of fire on the park, controlled burns are conducted throughout specific months of
114_83	the year and are carefully managed by Parks Victoria and the Department of Environment, Land, Water
114_84	and Planning (DELWP). The controlled burns are used to reduce the amount of fuel, such as dead
114_85	wood, leaf litter, bark or shrubs that could easily catch alight during the summer months. A
114_86	reduced amount of fuel decreases the impact of a bushfire because it lowers its intensity.
114_87	Climate change
114_88	Climate change is having a major impact on all ecosystems within Australia, and the Yarra Ranges
114_89	National Park is no exception. As the temperature increases, the average rainfall decreases,
114_90	meaning less water flowing in the waterways. Less water reduces water quality that is supplied to
114_91	Melbourne and used by the fauna and flora within the park. The annual surface temperature is
114_92	predicted to increase by 0.6-1C and wind speed is set to increase by 6%. All these changes will
114_93	impact what makes up the park's ecosystem and how it functions.
114_94	Heritage
114_95	European colonists found it difficult to access the area. It was eventually settled in 1860 and was
114_96	seen as a valuable area for timber. Soon after, the area was recognised as a good place for water
114_97	catchments, so the Maroondah and Upper Yarra dams were built.
114_98	Management
114_99	Yarra Ranges National Park is managed by Parks Victoria, the Department of Environment, Land, Water
114_100	and Planning (DELWP) and Melbourne Water. Parks Victoria released a Management Plan for the park in
114_101	2002 in which they outlined the significant management directions for the Park, all of which are
114_102	still used today.
114_103	Parks Victoria aims to preserve significant conservation areas by;
114_104	Preserving old-growth forests, as well as specific significant flora species. Parks will do this by
114_105	improving knowledge of flora in the park by encouraging flora surveys and research on significant
114_106	species to improve conservation management schemes for specific species. To provide special
114_107	protection for significant plant species by actively managing threatening processes, such as weed
114_108	invasion. To protect the parks native fauna species and maintain genetic diversity. This will be
114_109	done by maintaining and enhancing fauna habitat through the control of potentially threatening
114_110	processes, such as pest plant and animal control. To encourage surveys of fauna and faunal habitats
114_111	in the park, giving priority to threatened species to ensure that the park continues to support
114_112	viable populations of each endangered species. The last management strategy to protect fauna
114_113	species is to communicate the policy of no feeding of wildlife in the park, and to prohibit the
114_114	distribution and sale of birdseed within the park. When it comes to fire management, Parks Victoria
114_115	allows open days for locals to come into the park and gather wood. This helps to get rid of fire
114_116	fuel that is present in the understory of the forest.
114_117	Protecting water resources in the water supply catchments. This will be done by maintaining the
114_118	Restricted Access Policy for the Designated Water Supply Catchment Area (DWSCA), by continuing to
114_119	prohibit domestic pets and control feral animals in the DWSCA to protect the water resources from
114_120	any potential forms of contamination. The DWSCA will also be protected from wildfire in accordance
114_121	with the Draft Yarra Ranges National Park Fire Protection Plan. The last management strategy to
114_122	protect the water supply catchments is to monitor the effects of roads and traffic that transverse
114_123	the DWSCA to ensure that there is minimal soil erosion that could affect the water supply.
114_124	Are the management directions effective?
114_125	The current management strategies outlined in the Yarra Ranges National Park Management Plan
114_126	regarding the Restricted Access Policy, is efficient at maintaining the parks water resources. By
114_127	limiting human access to the Designated Water Supply Catchment Area (DWSCA) it prevents some forms
114_128	of contaminants from entering the supply catchments because the area remains clear of rubbish. If
114_129	rubbish left behind in the park by people entered the water catchments, it could have a damaging
114_130	effect on the purity of the water that is supplied to Melbourne. The restriction on people feeding
114_131	wildlife has also benefited the native species within the park because it allows the ecosystem to
114_132	function and evolve without human interference.
114_133	One of the main reasons the park was established was to protect Mountain Ash trees, however, their
114_134	numbers have declined due to climate change, bush fires and close-proximity logging to the park.
114_135	Climate change cannot be prevented, but significant fire damage can be. To decrease the severity of
114_136	fires within the Park, more planned burns to get rid of a majority of fire fuel could be
114_137	implemented by Parks Victoria and DELWP. When it comes to close-proximity logging, the effect on
114_138	Mountain Ash trees is detrimental. To help prevent the further loss of these endangered carbon-rich
114_139	forests, a policy could be implement by the Victorian Government to prevent logging from occurring
114_140	within a 20 kilometre area of the park.
114_141	With the number of Mountain Ash trees decreasing, faunal habitat is also being lost. This is of
114_142	great concern when it comes to Victoria's faunal emblem – the Leadbeater's Possum, as well as many
114_143	other threatened species of fauna within the park. Parks Victoria and DELWP have management
114_144	strategies in place that do protect these threatened species from pest species and human
114_145	interaction, however there are no measures to combat the increased threat of climate change. When
114_146	it comes to protecting threatened species of fauna, there are breeding programs implemented in
114_147	Healesville Sanctuary to increase specific species population rates. Once these animals reach a
114_148	certain age, Zoo's Victoria coordinates their efforts with the Parks Ranger, to release these
114_149	animals into the park. In regards to faunal habitat being lost, the parks open wood days may be
114_150	displacing animals if people do not stick to the restriction for wood collection in the park. This
114_151	cannot be managed, so the only way to prevent this is to find a way to manage it, or to stop the
114_152	open wood days altogether.
114_153	To help better protect endangered fauna and flora within the area, there is a proposal for the
114_154	creation of the Great Forest National Park. This proposed park will add 355,000 hectares to
114_155	existing parks and reserves. The proposed park will supply over 4 million people with some of the
114_156	highest quality drinking water, help to protect a greater portion of Mountain Ash forest and
114_157	provide a greater area for protecting endangered and rare wildlife. Overall, the proposed park will
114_158	protect approximately all of Victoria's Central Highlands.
114_159	See also Mount Donna Buang Protected areas of Victoria Great Forest National Park References
114_160	External links Parks Victoria: Yarra Ranges National Park
114_161	National parks of Victoria (Australia) Protected areas established in 1995
114_162	Forests of Victoria (Australia) 1995 establishments in Australia Yarra Valley
115_0	is a Japanese television drama which aired on Fuji TV at 10:00 pm every Thursday from April 10,
115_1	2008, until June 17, 2008. It stars Masami Nagasawa, Juri Ueno, Eita, Asami Mizukawa and Ryo

114_65

Declared Noxious Weeds. These plants have been declared noxious under the Catchment and Land

114_66

Protection Act 1994. These plants have the potential to cause serious environmental harm and

114_67

therefore must be managed. Ragwort (Senecio jacobaea), Spear Thistle (Cirsium vulgare) and Hawthorn

114_68

(Crataegus monogyna) are all declared noxious weeds.

114_69

Invasive pest animals can have detrimental effects on the park because they prey on native wildlife

114_70

and can "out-compete and displace native animals by competing for their habitat, food and water

114_71

resources". Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) are an established pest animal in all of Victoria. When it

114_72

comes to the Yarra Ranges National Park, mainly trapping methods are employed to manage the issue.

114_73

In Victoria there is a program that rewards eligible Victorian hunters with a $10 bounty reward for

114_74

each individual fox killed, subject to the Victorian Fox Bounty Terms and Conditions. Due to this,

114_75

and the amount of foxes in the park, Parks Victoria opens up the park occasionally to allow hunters

114_76

in to help manage the fox issue. Other pest animals within the park are European Rabbits

114_77

(Oryctolagus cuniculus) and feral cats.

114_78

Fires

114_79

Fires are a natural part of Australian environment because they are needed for the renewal of

114_80

ecosystems; however, in recent times these bushfires have been occurring outside normal

114_81

frequencies, intensities, seasons and scale of what fauna and flora can tolerate. To reduce the

114_82

potential impact of fire on the park, controlled burns are conducted throughout specific months of

114_83

the year and are carefully managed by Parks Victoria and the Department of Environment, Land, Water

114_84

and Planning (DELWP). The controlled burns are used to reduce the amount of fuel, such as dead

114_85

wood, leaf litter, bark or shrubs that could easily catch alight during the summer months. A

114_86

reduced amount of fuel decreases the impact of a bushfire because it lowers its intensity.

114_87

Climate change

114_88

Climate change is having a major impact on all ecosystems within Australia, and the Yarra Ranges

114_89

National Park is no exception. As the temperature increases, the average rainfall decreases,

114_90

meaning less water flowing in the waterways. Less water reduces water quality that is supplied to

114_91

Melbourne and used by the fauna and flora within the park. The annual surface temperature is

114_92

predicted to increase by 0.6-1C and wind speed is set to increase by 6%. All these changes will

114_93

impact what makes up the park's ecosystem and how it functions.

114_94

Heritage

114_95

European colonists found it difficult to access the area. It was eventually settled in 1860 and was

114_96

seen as a valuable area for timber. Soon after, the area was recognised as a good place for water

114_97

catchments, so the Maroondah and Upper Yarra dams were built.

114_98

Management

114_99

Yarra Ranges National Park is managed by Parks Victoria, the Department of Environment, Land, Water

114_100

and Planning (DELWP) and Melbourne Water. Parks Victoria released a Management Plan for the park in

114_101

2002 in which they outlined the significant management directions for the Park, all of which are

114_102

still used today.

114_103

Parks Victoria aims to preserve significant conservation areas by;

114_104

Preserving old-growth forests, as well as specific significant flora species. Parks will do this by

114_105

improving knowledge of flora in the park by encouraging flora surveys and research on significant

114_106

species to improve conservation management schemes for specific species. To provide special

114_107

protection for significant plant species by actively managing threatening processes, such as weed

114_108

invasion. To protect the parks native fauna species and maintain genetic diversity. This will be

114_109

done by maintaining and enhancing fauna habitat through the control of potentially threatening

114_110

processes, such as pest plant and animal control. To encourage surveys of fauna and faunal habitats

114_111

in the park, giving priority to threatened species to ensure that the park continues to support

114_112

viable populations of each endangered species. The last management strategy to protect fauna

114_113

species is to communicate the policy of no feeding of wildlife in the park, and to prohibit the

114_114

distribution and sale of birdseed within the park. When it comes to fire management, Parks Victoria

114_115

allows open days for locals to come into the park and gather wood. This helps to get rid of fire

114_116

fuel that is present in the understory of the forest.

114_117

Protecting water resources in the water supply catchments. This will be done by maintaining the

114_118

Restricted Access Policy for the Designated Water Supply Catchment Area (DWSCA), by continuing to

114_119

prohibit domestic pets and control feral animals in the DWSCA to protect the water resources from

114_120

any potential forms of contamination. The DWSCA will also be protected from wildfire in accordance

114_121

with the Draft Yarra Ranges National Park Fire Protection Plan. The last management strategy to

114_122

protect the water supply catchments is to monitor the effects of roads and traffic that transverse

114_123

the DWSCA to ensure that there is minimal soil erosion that could affect the water supply.

114_124

Are the management directions effective?

114_125

The current management strategies outlined in the Yarra Ranges National Park Management Plan

114_126

regarding the Restricted Access Policy, is efficient at maintaining the parks water resources. By

114_127

limiting human access to the Designated Water Supply Catchment Area (DWSCA) it prevents some forms

114_128

of contaminants from entering the supply catchments because the area remains clear of rubbish. If

114_129

rubbish left behind in the park by people entered the water catchments, it could have a damaging

114_130

effect on the purity of the water that is supplied to Melbourne. The restriction on people feeding

114_131

wildlife has also benefited the native species within the park because it allows the ecosystem to

114_132

function and evolve without human interference.

114_133

One of the main reasons the park was established was to protect Mountain Ash trees, however, their

114_134

numbers have declined due to climate change, bush fires and close-proximity logging to the park.

114_135

Climate change cannot be prevented, but significant fire damage can be. To decrease the severity of

114_136

fires within the Park, more planned burns to get rid of a majority of fire fuel could be

114_137

implemented by Parks Victoria and DELWP. When it comes to close-proximity logging, the effect on

114_138

Mountain Ash trees is detrimental. To help prevent the further loss of these endangered carbon-rich

114_139

forests, a policy could be implement by the Victorian Government to prevent logging from occurring

114_140

within a 20 kilometre area of the park.

114_141

With the number of Mountain Ash trees decreasing, faunal habitat is also being lost. This is of

114_142

great concern when it comes to Victoria's faunal emblem – the Leadbeater's Possum, as well as many

114_143

other threatened species of fauna within the park. Parks Victoria and DELWP have management

114_144

strategies in place that do protect these threatened species from pest species and human

114_145

interaction, however there are no measures to combat the increased threat of climate change. When

114_146

it comes to protecting threatened species of fauna, there are breeding programs implemented in

114_147

Healesville Sanctuary to increase specific species population rates. Once these animals reach a

114_148

certain age, Zoo's Victoria coordinates their efforts with the Parks Ranger, to release these

114_149

animals into the park. In regards to faunal habitat being lost, the parks open wood days may be

114_150

displacing animals if people do not stick to the restriction for wood collection in the park. This

114_151

cannot be managed, so the only way to prevent this is to find a way to manage it, or to stop the

114_152

open wood days altogether.

114_153

To help better protect endangered fauna and flora within the area, there is a proposal for the

114_154

creation of the Great Forest National Park. This proposed park will add 355,000 hectares to

114_155

existing parks and reserves. The proposed park will supply over 4 million people with some of the

114_156

highest quality drinking water, help to protect a greater portion of Mountain Ash forest and

114_157

provide a greater area for protecting endangered and rare wildlife. Overall, the proposed park will

114_158

protect approximately all of Victoria's Central Highlands.

114_159

See also Mount Donna Buang Protected areas of Victoria Great Forest National Park References

114_160

External links Parks Victoria: Yarra Ranges National Park

114_161

National parks of Victoria (Australia) Protected areas established in 1995

114_162

Forests of Victoria (Australia) 1995 establishments in Australia Yarra Valley

115_0

is a Japanese television drama which aired on Fuji TV at 10:00 pm every Thursday from April 10,

115_1

2008, until June 17, 2008. It stars Masami Nagasawa, Juri Ueno, Eita, Asami Mizukawa and Ryo