manu/mldr-zoomed-100char-total-queries-documents

chunk_id stringlengths 3 9	chunk stringlengths 1 100
47_264	Douglas F. Tessitor – mayor 2006-7 Deontay Wilder - World Heavy Weight Champion 2015-2020
47_265	George Dexter Whitcomb – founder of Glendora Shawn Wooten – baseball player
47_266	DJ Peters – baseball player
47_267	Sister cities Moka, Japan
47_268	Since about 2000, there has been an ongoing student exchange program between Goddard Middle School
47_269	and Moka Higashi Junior High School. There is an ongoing student exchange program between Sandburg
47_270	Middle School and Nakamura Junior High School.
47_271	Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
47_272	See also References External links
47_273	Cities in Los Angeles County, California Communities in the San Gabriel Valley
47_274	Incorporated cities and towns in California 1887 establishments in California
47_275	1911 establishments in California Populated places established in 1887
47_276	Populated places established in 1911
48_0	The Free Software Foundation (FSF) is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization founded by Richard
48_1	Stallman on October 4, 1985, to support the free software movement, which promotes the universal
48_2	freedom to study, distribute, create, and modify computer software, with the organization's
48_3	preference for software being distributed under copyleft ("share alike") terms, such as with its
48_4	own GNU General Public License. The FSF was incorporated in Boston, Massachusetts, US, where it is
48_5	also based.
48_6	From its founding until the mid-1990s, FSF's funds were mostly used to employ software developers
48_7	to write free software for the GNU Project. Since the mid-1990s, the FSF's employees and volunteers
48_8	have mostly worked on legal and structural issues for the free software movement and the free
48_9	software community.
48_10	Consistent with its goals, the FSF aims to use only free software on its own computers. History
48_11	The Free Software Foundation was founded in 1985 as a non-profit corporation supporting free
48_12	software development. It continued existing GNU projects such as the sale of manuals and tapes, and
48_13	employed developers of the free software system. Since then, it has continued these activities, as
48_14	well as advocating for the free software movement. The FSF is also the steward of several free
48_15	software licenses, meaning it publishes them and has the ability to make revisions as needed.
48_16	The FSF holds the copyrights on many pieces of the GNU system, such as GNU Compiler Collection. As
48_17	holder of these copyrights, it has the authority to enforce the copyleft requirements of the GNU
48_18	General Public License (GPL) when copyright infringement occurs on that software.
48_19	From 1991 until 2001, GPL enforcement was done informally, usually by Stallman himself, often with
48_20	assistance from FSF's lawyer, Eben Moglen. Typically, GPL violations during this time were cleared
48_21	up by short email exchanges between Stallman and the violator. In the interest of promoting
48_22	copyleft assertiveness by software companies to the level that the FSF was already doing, in 2004
48_23	Harald Welte launched gpl-violations.org.
48_24	In late 2001, Bradley M. Kuhn (then executive director), with the assistance of Moglen, David
48_25	Turner, and Peter T. Brown, formalized these efforts into FSF's GPL Compliance Labs. From
48_26	2002–2004, high-profile GPL enforcement cases, such as those against Linksys and OpenTV, became
48_27	frequent.
48_28	GPL enforcement and educational campaigns on GPL compliance was a major focus of the FSF's efforts
48_29	during this period.
48_30	In March 2003, SCO filed suit against IBM alleging that IBM's contributions to various free
48_31	software, including FSF's GNU, violated SCO's rights. While FSF was never a party to the lawsuit,
48_32	FSF was subpoenaed on November 5, 2003. During 2003 and 2004, FSF put substantial advocacy effort
48_33	into responding to the lawsuit and quelling its negative impact on the adoption and promotion of
48_34	free software.
48_35	From 2003 to 2005, FSF held legal seminars to explain the GPL and the surrounding law. Usually
48_36	taught by Bradley M. Kuhn and Daniel Ravicher, these seminars offered CLE credit and were the first
48_37	effort to give formal legal education on the GPL.
48_38	In 2007, the FSF published the third version of the GNU General Public License after significant
48_39	outside input.
48_40	In December 2008, FSF filed a lawsuit against Cisco for using GPL-licensed components shipped with
48_41	Linksys products. Cisco was notified of the licensing issue in 2003 but Cisco repeatedly
48_42	disregarded its obligations under the GPL. In May 2009, FSF dropped the lawsuit when Cisco agreed
48_43	to make a monetary donation to the FSF and appoint a Free Software Director to conduct continuous
48_44	reviews of the company's license compliance practices.
48_45	In September 2019, Richard Stallman resigned as president of the FSF after pressure from
48_46	journalists and members of the open source community in response to him making controversial
48_47	comments in defense of then-deceased Marvin Minsky on Jeffrey Epstein's sex trafficking scandal.
48_48	Nevertheless, Stallman remained head of the GNU Project and in 2021, he returned to the FSF board
48_49	of directors.
48_50	Current and ongoing activities The GNU Project
48_51	The original purpose of the FSF was to promote the ideals of free software. The organization
48_52	developed the GNU operating system as an example of this.
48_53	GNU licenses
48_54	The GNU General Public License (GPL) is a widely used license for free software projects. The
48_55	current version (version 3) was released in June 2007. The FSF has also published the GNU Lesser
48_56	General Public License (LGPL), the GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL), and the GNU Affero
48_57	General Public License (AGPL).
48_58	GNU Press
48_59	The FSF's publishing department, responsible for "publishing affordable books on computer science
48_60	using freely distributable licenses."
48_61	The Free Software Directory
48_62	This is a listing of software packages that have been verified as free software. Each package entry
48_63	contains up to 47 pieces of information such as the project's homepage, developers, programming
48_64	language, etc. The goals are to provide a search engine for free software, and to provide a
48_65	cross-reference for users to check if a package has been verified as being free software. FSF has
48_66	received a small amount of funding from UNESCO for this project.
48_67	Maintaining the Free Software Definition
48_68	FSF maintains many of the documents that define the free software movement.
48_69	Project hosting FSF hosts software development projects on its Savannah website.
48_70	h-node
48_71	An abbreviation for "Hardware-Node", the h-node website lists hardware and device drivers that have
48_72	been verified as compatible with free software. It is user-edited and volunteer supported with
48_73	hardware entries tested by users before publication.
48_74	Advocacy
48_75	FSF sponsors a number of campaigns against what it perceives as dangers to software freedom,
48_76	including software patents, digital rights management (which the FSF and others have re-termed
48_77	"digital restrictions management", as part of its effort to highlight technologies that are
48_78	"designed to take away and limit your rights,") and user interface copyright. Defective by Design
48_79	is an FSF-initiated campaign against DRM. It also has a campaign to promote Ogg+Vorbis, a free
48_80	alternative to proprietary formats like AAC and MQA. FSF also sponsors free software projects it
48_81	deems "high-priority".
48_82	Annual awards
48_83	"Award for the Advancement of Free Software" and "Free Software Award for Projects of Social
48_84	Benefit"
48_85	LibrePlanet wiki
48_86	The LibrePlanet wiki organizes FSF members into regional groups in order to promote free software

47_264

Douglas F. Tessitor – mayor 2006-7 Deontay Wilder - World Heavy Weight Champion 2015-2020

47_265

George Dexter Whitcomb – founder of Glendora Shawn Wooten – baseball player

47_266

DJ Peters – baseball player

47_267

Sister cities Moka, Japan

47_268

Since about 2000, there has been an ongoing student exchange program between Goddard Middle School

47_269

and Moka Higashi Junior High School. There is an ongoing student exchange program between Sandburg

47_270

Middle School and Nakamura Junior High School.

47_271

Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico

47_272

See also References External links

47_273

Cities in Los Angeles County, California Communities in the San Gabriel Valley

47_274

Incorporated cities and towns in California 1887 establishments in California

47_275

1911 establishments in California Populated places established in 1887

47_276

Populated places established in 1911

48_0

The Free Software Foundation (FSF) is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization founded by Richard

48_1

Stallman on October 4, 1985, to support the free software movement, which promotes the universal

48_2

freedom to study, distribute, create, and modify computer software, with the organization's

48_3

preference for software being distributed under copyleft ("share alike") terms, such as with its

48_4

own GNU General Public License. The FSF was incorporated in Boston, Massachusetts, US, where it is

48_5

also based.

48_6

From its founding until the mid-1990s, FSF's funds were mostly used to employ software developers

48_7

to write free software for the GNU Project. Since the mid-1990s, the FSF's employees and volunteers

48_8

have mostly worked on legal and structural issues for the free software movement and the free

48_9

software community.

48_10

Consistent with its goals, the FSF aims to use only free software on its own computers. History

48_11

The Free Software Foundation was founded in 1985 as a non-profit corporation supporting free

48_12

software development. It continued existing GNU projects such as the sale of manuals and tapes, and

48_13

employed developers of the free software system. Since then, it has continued these activities, as

48_14

well as advocating for the free software movement. The FSF is also the steward of several free

48_15

software licenses, meaning it publishes them and has the ability to make revisions as needed.

48_16

The FSF holds the copyrights on many pieces of the GNU system, such as GNU Compiler Collection. As

48_17

holder of these copyrights, it has the authority to enforce the copyleft requirements of the GNU

48_18

General Public License (GPL) when copyright infringement occurs on that software.

48_19

From 1991 until 2001, GPL enforcement was done informally, usually by Stallman himself, often with

48_20

assistance from FSF's lawyer, Eben Moglen. Typically, GPL violations during this time were cleared

48_21

up by short email exchanges between Stallman and the violator. In the interest of promoting

48_22

copyleft assertiveness by software companies to the level that the FSF was already doing, in 2004

48_23

Harald Welte launched gpl-violations.org.

48_24

In late 2001, Bradley M. Kuhn (then executive director), with the assistance of Moglen, David

48_25

Turner, and Peter T. Brown, formalized these efforts into FSF's GPL Compliance Labs. From

48_26

2002–2004, high-profile GPL enforcement cases, such as those against Linksys and OpenTV, became

48_27

frequent.

48_28

GPL enforcement and educational campaigns on GPL compliance was a major focus of the FSF's efforts

48_29

during this period.

48_30

In March 2003, SCO filed suit against IBM alleging that IBM's contributions to various free

48_31

software, including FSF's GNU, violated SCO's rights. While FSF was never a party to the lawsuit,

48_32

FSF was subpoenaed on November 5, 2003. During 2003 and 2004, FSF put substantial advocacy effort

48_33

into responding to the lawsuit and quelling its negative impact on the adoption and promotion of

48_34

free software.

48_35

From 2003 to 2005, FSF held legal seminars to explain the GPL and the surrounding law. Usually

48_36

taught by Bradley M. Kuhn and Daniel Ravicher, these seminars offered CLE credit and were the first

48_37

effort to give formal legal education on the GPL.

48_38

In 2007, the FSF published the third version of the GNU General Public License after significant

48_39

outside input.

48_40

In December 2008, FSF filed a lawsuit against Cisco for using GPL-licensed components shipped with

48_41

Linksys products. Cisco was notified of the licensing issue in 2003 but Cisco repeatedly

48_42

disregarded its obligations under the GPL. In May 2009, FSF dropped the lawsuit when Cisco agreed

48_43

to make a monetary donation to the FSF and appoint a Free Software Director to conduct continuous

48_44

reviews of the company's license compliance practices.

48_45

In September 2019, Richard Stallman resigned as president of the FSF after pressure from

48_46

journalists and members of the open source community in response to him making controversial

48_47

comments in defense of then-deceased Marvin Minsky on Jeffrey Epstein's sex trafficking scandal.

48_48

Nevertheless, Stallman remained head of the GNU Project and in 2021, he returned to the FSF board

48_49

of directors.

48_50

Current and ongoing activities The GNU Project

48_51

The original purpose of the FSF was to promote the ideals of free software. The organization

48_52

developed the GNU operating system as an example of this.

48_53

GNU licenses

48_54

The GNU General Public License (GPL) is a widely used license for free software projects. The

48_55

current version (version 3) was released in June 2007. The FSF has also published the GNU Lesser

48_56

General Public License (LGPL), the GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL), and the GNU Affero

48_57

General Public License (AGPL).

48_58

GNU Press

48_59

The FSF's publishing department, responsible for "publishing affordable books on computer science

48_60

using freely distributable licenses."

48_61

The Free Software Directory

48_62

This is a listing of software packages that have been verified as free software. Each package entry

48_63

contains up to 47 pieces of information such as the project's homepage, developers, programming

48_64

language, etc. The goals are to provide a search engine for free software, and to provide a

48_65

cross-reference for users to check if a package has been verified as being free software. FSF has

48_66

received a small amount of funding from UNESCO for this project.

48_67

Maintaining the Free Software Definition

48_68

FSF maintains many of the documents that define the free software movement.

48_69

Project hosting FSF hosts software development projects on its Savannah website.

48_70

h-node

48_71

An abbreviation for "Hardware-Node", the h-node website lists hardware and device drivers that have

48_72

been verified as compatible with free software. It is user-edited and volunteer supported with

48_73

hardware entries tested by users before publication.

48_74

Advocacy

48_75

FSF sponsors a number of campaigns against what it perceives as dangers to software freedom,

48_76

including software patents, digital rights management (which the FSF and others have re-termed

48_77

"digital restrictions management", as part of its effort to highlight technologies that are

48_78

"designed to take away and limit your rights,") and user interface copyright. Defective by Design

48_79

is an FSF-initiated campaign against DRM. It also has a campaign to promote Ogg+Vorbis, a free

48_80

alternative to proprietary formats like AAC and MQA. FSF also sponsors free software projects it

48_81

deems "high-priority".

48_82

Annual awards

48_83

"Award for the Advancement of Free Software" and "Free Software Award for Projects of Social

48_84

Benefit"

48_85

LibrePlanet wiki

48_86

The LibrePlanet wiki organizes FSF members into regional groups in order to promote free software