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<extra_id_5>"You don't have to be great to get started, but you have to get started to be great." I believe it is a normal thought in today's society to just let life happen to us. I also believe that we sometimes destroy our well-planned thoughts about success because it's easier to just continue as usual rather than "try" with the possible failure in mind. Most people never get moving because they don't know what they want. Without a certain result already set in your mind, it's really difficult to get going, and even if you do, your attention may soon disappear and you give up before too long. Why not consider what's really important in your life? Write down what excites you, what would truly make you happy and what problems you have. At the end of the week, take a careful look at the notes you've taken .You'll soon begin to see a clearer picture of what direction you should be going towards. Knowledge is useless without action. You read many books but your life will stay the same if you don't use the knowledge. Knowledge is fantastic but it will not change your life until it is used. I love to read personal development material to keep a positive attitude towards my life , but I also realize that if I don't set goals to achieve, then I will always be a talk the talk person who is great at giving advice but useless at realizing it .If you have no plans of practicing what you say, then it may be best to keep your mouth closed. Do you want know who you are? Don't ask, Act! Action will explain you. Whatever excuses we have for not living up to our talent, the fact is that time will always move forward. Be whatever you want to be and whatever you can be. Always remember the only limits we have are the ones we create for ourselves. Life is not what we think. It is what we experience when we behave according to the thoughts we have. What is the best title for the passage?
<extra_id_0>See a Clear Picture of Life
<extra_id_1>Taking Actions Leads to Success
<extra_id_2>Set Your Goals to Achieve
<extra_id_3>Actions Speak Louder than Words
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<extra_id_5>British author JK Rowling was at the release of her latest Harry Potter book called "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows" at the Natural History Museum in London, Friday July 20, 2007. J.K. Rowling has been spotted at cafes in Scotland working on a detective novel, a British newspaper reported Saturday. The Sunday Times newspaper quoted Ian Rankin, a fellow author and neighbor of Rowling's, as saying the creator of the "Harry Potter" books is turning to crime fiction. "My wife spotted her writing her Edinburgh criminal detective novel," the newspaper quoted Rankin as telling a reporter at an Edinburgh literary festival. "It is great that she has not abandoned writing or Edinburgh cafes," said Rankin, who is known for his own police novels set in the historic Scottish city. Rowling famously wrote initial drafts of the Potter story in the Scottish city's cafes. Back then, she was a struggling single mother who wrote in cafes to save on the heating bill at home. Now she's Britain's richest woman - worth $1 billion, according to Forbes magazine - and her seven Potter books have sold more than 335 million copies worldwide. In an interview with The Associated Press last month, Rowling said she believed she was unlikely to repeat the success of the Potter series, but confirmed she had plans to work on new books. "I'll do exactly what I did with Harry - I'll write what I really want to write," Rowling said. Which of the following is Not rue about Ian Rankin?
<extra_id_0>He is a writer famous for police novels.
<extra_id_1>Most of the stories in his novels happened in the historic Scottish city.
<extra_id_2>It was Rankin himself who witnessed JK Rowing writing her Edinburgh criminal detective novels.
<extra_id_3>He told the British newspaper The Sunday Times about JK Rowling's novels.
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<extra_id_5>Why does most of the world travel on the right side today? Theories differ, but there's no doubt that Napoleon was a major influence. The French had used the right since at least the late 18th century. Some say that before the French Revolution, noblemen drove their carriages on the left, forcing the peasants to the right. Regardless of the origin, Napoleon brought right-hand traffic to the nations he conquered, including Russia, Switzerland and Germany. Hitler, in turn, ordered right-hand traffic in Czechoslovakia and Austria in the 1930s. Nations that escaped right-hand control, like Great Britain, followed their left-hand tradition. The U.S. has not always been a nation of right-hand rivers; earlier in its history, carriage and horse traffic traveled on the left, as it did in England. But by the late 1700s, people driving large wagons pulled by several pairs of horses began promoting a shift to the right. A driver would sit on the rear left horse in order to wave his whip with his right hand; to see opposite traffic clearly, they traveled on the right. One of the final moves to firmly standardize traffic directions in the U.S. occurred in the 20th century, when Henry Ford decided to mass-produce his cars with controls on the left (one reason, stated in 1908; the convenience for passengers exiting directly onto the edge, especially... if there is a lady to be considered). Once these rules were set, many countries eventually adjusted to the right-hand standard, including Canada in the 1920s, Sweden in 1967 and Burma in 1970. The U.K. and former colonies such as Australia and India are among the western world's few remaining holdouts. Several Asian countries, including Japan, use the left as well -- thought many places use both right-hand-drive and left-hand-drive cars. What would be the best title for this passage?
<extra_id_0>Who made the great contributions to the shift of traffic directions?
<extra_id_1>How cars have become a popular means of transportation?
<extra_id_2>How Henry Ford produced his cars with controls on the left?
<extra_id_3>Why don't people all drive on the same side of the road?
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<extra_id_5>My friends and I had just finished lunch at a hotel when it started to rain heavily. When it became lighter, I decided to get my car which was parked at my office three streets away. My friends argued that I shouldn't go, mainly because I was seven months pregnant then. I promised that I'd be very careful. One of them wanted to come with me but I asked her to stay with another friend who needed help with her baby. I walked out of the hotel and started making my way to the car. At the crossing, a black car stopped and a man came out with an umbrella. Before I knew what was happening, he walked right through me and told me he'd escort me. Although I refused, he insisted that he would. During our walk, he kept telling me to walk slower, as the ground was wet. When we got to the car-park, I thanked him and he went away. I did not get his name and can hardly recognize him now. Did he stop for me? I'll never know. So how did I pay it forward? I was at home when I noticed two Indian workers walking in the heavy rain. They were probably on their way to the working place near my home. _ They were surprised by my action. They were very grateful to me, probably wondered why a stranger was offering such kindness. I was so relaxed and happy that day. How did the writer feel when a stranger insisted escorting her?
<extra_id_0>angry
<extra_id_1>surprised
<extra_id_2>happy
<extra_id_3>sorry
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<extra_id_5>We like to think our intelligence is self-made; it happens inside our heads, the product of our inner thoughts alone. But the rise of Google, Wikipedia and other online tools has made many people question the impact of these technologies on our brains. Is typing in "Who has played James Bond in the movies?" the same as our knowledge about the names like Roger Moore, Timothy Dalton, Pierce Brosnan and Daniel Craig? Can we say we know the answer as long as we know how to rapidly get the information on Google? Here the question is about how we define intelligence itself. The answer appears to be interesting, because the evidence from psychological studies suggests that much of our intelligence comes from how we coordinate ourselves with other people and our environment. An influential theory among psychologists is that we're cognitive misers . This is the idea that we are unwilling to do mental work unless we have to. We try to avoid thinking things fully when a short cut is available. If you've ever voted for the presidential candidate with the most honest smile, or chosen a restaurant based on how many people are already sitting in there, then you are a cognitive miser. The theory explains why we'd much rather type a zip code into Google Maps than memorize and recall the location of a place - it's so much easier to do so. Research shows that people don't tend to rely on their memories for things they can easily access. Buildings can somehow disappear from pictures we're looking at, or the people we're talking to can be changed with someone else, and often we won't notice - a phenomenon called "change blindness". This isn't an example of human stupidity - far from it, in fact - this is an example of mental efficiency. The mind relies on the world as a better record than memory. Philosophers have suggested that thinking is really happening in the environment as much as it is happening in our brains. The philosopher Andy Clark called humans "natural born cyborgs ", those naturally capable of absorbing and combining new tools, ideas and abilities. In Clark's view, the route to a solution is not the issue - having the right tools really does mean you know the answers, just as much as already knowing the answer. Rather than being forced to rely on our own resources for everything, we can share our knowledge. Technology keeps track of things for us so we don't have to, while large systems of knowledge serve the needs of society as a whole. I don't know how a computer works, or how to grow vegetables, but that knowledge is out there and I can get to benefit. The internet provides even more potential to share this knowledge. Wikipedia is one of the best examples - an increasingly large database of knowledge from which everyone can benefit. So as well as having a physical environment - like the rooms or buildings we live or work in - we also have a mental environment, which means that when I ask you where your mind is, you shouldn't point toward the centre of your forehead. As research shows, our minds are made up just as much by the people and tools around us as they are by the brain cells inside our skull. Which of the following might the philosopher Andy Clark agree with?
<extra_id_0>Intelligence is something that is made by one's brain itself.
<extra_id_1>Intelligence is something that only happens inside one's head.
<extra_id_2>Intelligence is the product of one's inner thoughts alone.
<extra_id_3>Intelligence is a mixture of the environment, people and one's brain cells.
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<extra_id_5>Every year, World Blood Day is celebrated by blood services worldwide on 14 June, the birthday of Nobel Prize winner Karl Landsteiner, the man who discovered the ABO blood group system. If you have every thought of becoming a blood donor, just register to do it. And you should never worry about the donation. Just under a pint (around 470ml) of blood is taken at one sitting. This amount is no more than 13 percent of your total blood volume, and is quickly replaced by your body. It may come as a surprise, but whole blood is only rarely used. Different blood components are used to treat a range of conditions. None goes to waste. Read blood cells are frequently used to replace heavy blood loss after an accident, surgery or childbirth. White blood cells and antibodies are used to help people fight infections if their immune system doesn't appear to be responding to antibiotics . Plasma ,the straw-coloured fluid which carries the blood cells and contains proteins, are used to treat burned patients. First-time donors should be aged between 17 and 65, weigh at least 50kg and be in good health. If you have donated before, you can start being a donor again up to your 70th birthday. Although most people are able to give blood, some people who pose health risks or are at a higher risk of having come into contact with an infectious disease are no tasked to be donors. Pregnant women or those who have had a baby in the last 9 months should not donate blood. Blood has a very short shelf life. Some blood components can be kept longer than others, for instance red blood cells will keep for 35 days but platelets for only five. Remember, you should wait at least 16 weeks before donating blood again. Who can donate their blood?
<extra_id_0>A teenager who is studying in a primary school
<extra_id_1>A mother who is about to give birth to a new baby
<extra_id_2>An adult who smokes and drinks from time to time
<extra_id_3>A man just coming back for a place suffering from malaria
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<extra_id_5>Turning left under a bridge in Beijing, Hu Xingxin, 24, suddenly braked to a stop in front of a yellow light at a busy crossroad. "According to the new traffic regulations, running a yellow light is equal to running a red one," said the Beijing-based IT technician. "Since the new rules came into effect I'm always ready to hit the brakes to avoid a penalty." Authorities have since changed the rules and running a yellow light no longer results in a 6-point punishment. New traffic regulations are the latest measure to improve road safety, which has become a problem in China. Experts say that to achieve better road safety, various and comprehensive methods are needed. Updating the rules are only part of the story. According to the WHO (World Health Organization), traffic accidents kill more people around the world than malaria and are the leading cause of death for young people aged 5 to 29 -- especially in developing countries. Each year up to 1.3 million people are killed and more than 50 million injured in traffic accidents around the world. The economic consequences are also significant: according to a study by the World Bank and Harvard University, traffic accidents on average cost a country 1 to 3 percent of its annual Gross National Product.. The newly revised regulations impose much heavier punishment on drivers who violate traffic rules. Under the new regulations, 52 different violations result in penalties, up from 38 under the previous system. Eleven kinds of violations now result in the deduction of 12 points, compared to six points under the previous regulation. These violations include drunken driving and using fake license plates, as well as driving without a valid license. But traffic regulations are only one aspect of many regarding problems with road safety in China. Other components of road safety include technology and urban design. The main reason of the new traffic regulations is _
<extra_id_0>to reduce economic loss.
<extra_id_1>to limit the sale of alcohol.
<extra_id_2>the requirement of the WHO.
<extra_id_3>to make the road safer.
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<extra_id_5>Two years ago,my family moved to a new city and I had to study in a new school.As I had few friends there.I felt lonely.Then I met Tony.The first time I saw him.he was standing in the center of a group of students,telling jokes.The children around laughed from time to time.Tony knew about my problem.He asked me to play basketball with his friends and helped me with my studies.We soon became good friends. About a year ago,however,Tony's father was killed in an accident.As a result,his family had to move to a small house.Tony changed into a different person.He became silent and he even lost his interest in studies.Several times.I invited him to go out and play basketball with me,but he refused.I wanted to help him,but didn't know what to do. Then something strange happened in my class.Two classmates lost the money in their schoolbags. Last Friday,just before the P.E.lesson,I went back to the classroom to get my running shoes I would use.The door was half open.I went in.To my _ ,I saw Tony was searching one of my classmates'schoolbags.I was shocked... What caused the change of Tony?
<extra_id_0>His father's accident.
<extra_id_1>His strange character.
<extra_id_2>The move of his family.
<extra_id_3>The loss of his interest in playing with his friends.
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<extra_id_5>The American newspaper publisher Arthur Sulzberger Sr died at the age of 86.Mr Sulzberger led The New York Times for more than three decades,before passing the business to his son.He took over the paper in 1963 when it was in financial trouble,and transformed it into the heart of a multibillion dollar media empire. His family announced he had died at his home in Southampton,New York State,after a long illness.His son,Arthur Sulzberger Jr,said in a statement that his father,whom he referred to by his childhood nickname of Punch,was "one of our industry's most admired executives"."Punch,the old Marine captain who never backed down from a fight,was an absolutely fierce defender of the freedom of the press," he said. The New York Times was bought by Mr Sulzberger Sr's grandfather Adolph Ochs in 1896.During Mr Sulzberger's tenure,The New York Times won 31 Pulitzer prizes. Born in New York City,5 February 1926,Sr served in Marine Corps during World War II and Korean War,joined The New York Times in 1951 after graduating from Columbia College,took over as publisher in 1963 after his brotherinlaw died suddenly,stepped down in 1997 and passed stewardship to his son,Arthur Sulzberger Jr. He oversaw a huge circulation boost at the paper,and increased its parent company's annual revenues from $100m in 1963 to $1.7bn by the time he stepped down in 1997.He also led the paper through highlevel clashes with the political establishment.In 1971,The Times published a series of stories saying that politicians had systematically lied over the US involvement in Vietnam.The source was thousands of leaked government documents known as the Pentagon Papers.The Nixon administration demanded that the paper stop publishing the stories on grounds of national security.But the paper refused,and then won the subsequent court case by arguing that the First Amendment of the US Constitution guaranteed free speech.The case is seen as a landmark in the history of free speech in the US.Mr Sulzberger said he read more than 7,000 pages of the Pentagon Papers before personally deciding to publish them. His family still holds a controlling stake in The New York Times.He was a strong believer in family ownership of newspapers.He once joked:"My conclusion is simple. _ works." When did Arthur Sulzberger Sr die?
<extra_id_0>In 1997.
<extra_id_1>In 2012.
<extra_id_2>In 1963.
<extra_id_3>In 1971.
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<extra_id_5>In the late nineteenth century, ^5,000 pianos were sold in the United States each year and, with over half a million youths learning to play the instrument, there was a huge demand for sheet music .Indeed the demand was so huge that publishers rushed to enter the profitable market.During the last fifteen years of the century, many publishers began to set up shops in New York, the center for the production of the musical arts By the turn of the nineteenth century many important publishers had their offices on 28thStreet between Broadway and 5th Avenue, and this Is the area that became known as Tin Pan Alley.It was here that publishers adopted new, aggressive business practices and marketing techniques to achieve great sales. How it became to be known by that name is unclear, but the general opinion is that it is down to a visiting journalist by the name of Monroe Rosenfeld.He described the area as being drowned in the noise coming from the producers' offices, sounding as though hundreds of people were hitting tin pans .He used it several times in his newspaper articles in the early twentieth century and the term stuck.With time this name was popularly embraced and many years later it came to describe the U.S.music publishing industry in general. The start of Tin Pan Alley is usually dated to about 1885,.but the end of Tin Pan Alley is less clear-cut .Some date it to the start of the Great.Depression in the 1930s when the phonograph and radio replaced sheet music, as the driving force of American popular music, while others consider Tin Pan Alley to have continued into thel950s when earlier styles of American popular music were upstaged by the rise of rock & roll. There's a plaque on the sidewalk on 28th Street in honor of the influence of Tin Pan Alley on American popular culture, but the buildings that were home to the legendary Tin Pan Alley publishers and songwriters are up for sale and may be torn down to make room for modern high-rise buildings. What.is the passage mainly about ?
<extra_id_0>American popular music.
<extra_id_1>Tin Pan Alley's future.
<extra_id_2>American music Industry.
<extra_id_3>The history of Tin Pan Alley.
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<extra_id_5>Death Valley National Park, California Situated in the southeast part of California, Death Valley covers an area of more than 3.3 million acres, even larger than the famous Yellowstone National Park. Death Valley is a land of extremes. It is one of the hottest places on the surface of the earth. The highest ground temperature ever recorded was 93.9degC on July 15,1972. It is the driest place in North America with an average rainfall of only 1.96 inches a year. Death Valley also boasts the lowest point in the western hemisphere. Death Valley got its name in 1849, when a group of emigrants were looking for a short cut to the gold fields of California. They were given the bad advice and went into the valley. Some of them were killed by the bad weather and harsh roads. When the rest finally walked out, they gave the area its name by saying to it "goodbye, Death Valley". As the name might suggest, there is very little apparent vegetation within Death Valley. First impression, however, can be deceiving . Death Valley includes more than 1,000 species of plants that have adapted to the harsh conditions. Death Valley is also a land of beauties. Sunrise and sunset are two of the most spectacular attractions. Depending on different angles, they show many of the area's different moods. For the best viewing, plan to be there approximately one hour before sunset or before sunrise. Death Valley National Park is open year round. In spite of the climate, hiking is one of the most popular activities in Death Valley. The surrounding mountains produce spectacular wildflower displays along with snow-covered peaks, breathtaking sand dunes , abandoned mines and industrial structures. From the passage we can know that the name Death Valley comes from the fact that_.
<extra_id_0>some persons died from its terrible climate at one time
<extra_id_1>it's too hot for any plants to grow there
<extra_id_2>no one can escape from its bad weather
<extra_id_3>it is so dry that no living things can exist
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<extra_id_5>An affordable housing law passed three years ago promises a possible supply of below-market-rate homes, but has failed to encourage increased housing production and is unlikely to affect prefix = st1 /San Francisco's poorest families. Barbara, 44, who came to The City in 1970, have been trying to pick herself up from the bottom, where she and her children started out with just the clothes on their backs-through the kindness of others they got by. They were last homeless in 1999. Since then, Barbara has worked hard to keep from returning to the streets and the shelters, taking advantage first of transitional housing, then a rent assistance, and studying for a job as a nursing assistant and a home health aide. However the cost for housing has made it difficult for her to _ . She can't afford proper housing. Even an improper shelter costs as much as $ 1,200 for rent. She has to spend every night in a dining room. In this respect, she is not alone. There are hundreds of thousands of San Franciscans who are in the same boat with her. Since 2000, she's been providing health care in the homes of charity , and relying on an assistance program to pay the rent for her two-bedroom apartment in the Lower Height. A few months ago she lost her full-time job due to budget cuts, just as she had hoped to get a permanent post that would allow her to cover her $ 1,700 monthly rent. Now she works three or four hour shifts six days a week for $ 10.50 an hour, taking the bus around from client to client and worrying that in February, when her rent assistance is gone, she could end up on the streets with her family again. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage?
<extra_id_0>They were once given clothes by kind people
<extra_id_1>They were once sleeping on the street
<extra_id_2>They were once offered transitional housing
<extra_id_3>They were once living with a nursing man
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<extra_id_5>Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves the use of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization compare the actual decision made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take, they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the relevant considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the importance of each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision. Since most important problems are multifaceted ,there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for many college students is the question "What will I do after graduation?" A graduate might seek a position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a year. A decision-making worksheet begins with a concise statement of the problem that will also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision than short-range ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to "What will I do after graduation that lead to successful career?" What does the passage mainly discuss?
<extra_id_0>A tool to assist in making complex decisions.
<extra_id_1>A comparison of actual decisions and ideal decisions.
<extra_id_2>Research on how people make decisions.
<extra_id_3>Differences between long-range and short-range decision making
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<extra_id_5>Marvin Minsky is often called the Father of Artificial Intelligence. His work helped inspire the creation of the personal computer and the Internet. Artificial Intelligence Before Minsky, computers were more like calculators, performing math operations at speeds much faster than humans. Minsky was the first to say that computers can one day be as intelligent as human beings. He was so convinced about this, that in 1959, he and his friend John McCarthy invented the term "Artificial Intelligence" at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Minsky wrote a book called Perceptrons, describing a particular type of "artificial neural network". Neural networks have made a comeback in a new field of Computer Science called Deep Learning. Deep Learning is used to recognize things and people in pictures (as seen in Facebook and Google Photos), language translation( try Google Translate sometimes), and so on. Robotics, Microscopes and Virtual Reality How many of you have done Robotics at school and loved it? You have Minsky to thank again, for his work on Robotics. One of his biggest inventions was the confocal scanning microscope, an instrument that is still widely used today in medical and scientific research. Minsky was really futuristic. He created one of the first head-mounted graphics displays , which gave rise to the exciting area of Virtual Reality. This year, Facebook is releasing Oculus, a virtual reality headset, which you can use to play games with your friends in a 3-D environment. Minsky's major prediction that computers will one day become as intelligent as humans is now called the Theory of Singularity. Which is NOT the function of Deep Learning?
<extra_id_0>Recognize people in Facebook.
<extra_id_1>Spot items in Google Photos.
<extra_id_2>Summarize main idea of a passage.
<extra_id_3>Translate English into French.
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<extra_id_5>At first sight, you would think the collection of hundreds of color1ed shards could be a work of abstract art. But the objects are the contents of the stomach of a sea turtle that lost its battle with plastic pollution. Environmentalists examined the stomach of the turtle found off the coast of Argentina. What they found is the symptom of the increasing threat to sea turtles from a human addiction to plastic. Sea turtles often mistake plastic items for jellyfish or other food. Ingesting ocean pollution can cause a digestive blockage and internal cuts. The result can be dangerous, followed by death. Humans produce 260 million tons of plastic a year. When those products are pulled into the sea's currents, the plastics are just broken into smaller pieces which are consumed by marine life at the bottom of the food chain. An examination of a green turtle found off Florida discovered that, over the course of a month, the animal's faeces had contained 74 foreign objects, including "four types of balloons, different types of hard plastic, a piece of carpet-like material and two 2-4 mm tar balls." "The oceans have become on giant refuse bin for all manners of plastics. All sea turtle species may be seriously harmed. " according to the biologists Colette Wabnitz, from the University of British Columbia. "The symptom of this growing crisis can be seen inside and on sea turtles as well as their oceanic and terrestrial habitats. It is urgently necessary to directly confront the source of plastic pollution, redesign packaging and rethink the very idea of 'throwaway culture'." Almost all marine species, from plankton to whales, have ingested plastic. But, even in small quantities, plastic can kill sea turtles, the biologists said. Fifty out of 92 turtles found dead, stranded on the shorelines of Rio Grande do Sul state in Brazil, had ingested a "considerable amount of man-made _ ". The author mentions the "throwaway culture" probably in a(n) _ tone.
<extra_id_0>praising
<extra_id_1>positive
<extra_id_2>comedic
<extra_id_3>ironic
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<extra_id_5>A company began to make a new kind of dog food. A party was held to show the new dog food to everyone. People from the newspapers and TV stations were there. There was a dog at the party. He was supposed to eat the dog food and have his picture taken. The plan was to show everybody how much the dog would like the new dog food. When the time came, a plate of the dog food was set in front of the dog. Everyone looked at the dog. But there was one problem. He didn't eat any of it. The dog didn't like the dog food! The boss of the company had to do something fast. All of the people were watching. All of them were laughing. So he ate the dog food himself! A party was held to _ .
<extra_id_0>to feed a new animal
<extra_id_1>to serve a large lunch
<extra_id_2>for someone's birthday
<extra_id_3>to show a new kind of dog food
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<extra_id_5>In 1901, H.G. Wells, an English writer, wrote a book describing a trip to the moon. When the explorers landed on the moon, they discovered that the moon was full of underground cities. They expressed their surprise to the "moon people" they met. In turn, the "moon people" expressed their surprise. "Why," they asked, "are you traveling to outer space when you don't even use your inner space?" H.G. Wells could only imagine travel to the moon. In 1969, human beings really did land on the moon. People today know that there are no underground cities on the moon. However, the question that the "moon people" asked is still an interesting one. A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it. Underground systems are already in place. Many cities have underground car parks. In some cities, such as Tokyo, Seoul and Montreal, there are large underground shopping areas. The "Chunnel", a tunnel connecting England and France, is now complete. But what about underground cities? Japan's Taisei Corporation is designing a network of underground systems, called "Alice Cities." The designers imagine using surface space for public parks and using underground space for flats, offices, shopping, and so on. A solar dome would cover the whole city. Supporters of underground development say that building down rather than building up is a good way to use the earth's space. The surface, they say, can be used for farms, parks, gardens, and wilderness. H.G. Wells' "moon people" would agree. Would you? What sort of underground systems are already here with us?
<extra_id_0>Tunnels, car parks, shopping areas.
<extra_id_1>Offices, shopping areas, power stations.
<extra_id_2>Gardens, car parks, power stations.
<extra_id_3>Tunnels, gardens, offices.
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<extra_id_5>A thing which has great physical capacity is most likely
<extra_id_0>hardly healthy
<extra_id_1>in poor health
<extra_id_2>in fantastic health
<extra_id_3>rarely healthy
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<extra_id_5>It was Saturday. As always, it was a busy one, for "Six days shall you labor and all your work" was taken seriously back then. Outside, Father and Mr. Patrick next door were busy chopping firewood. Inside their own houses, Mother and Mrs. Patrick were engaged in spring cleaning. Somehow the boys had slipped away to the back lot with their kites. Now, even at the risk of having brother caught to beat carpets, they had sent him to the kitchen for more string . It seemed there was no limit to the heights to which kites would fly today. My mother looked at the sitting room, its furniture disordered for a thorough sweeping. Again she cast a look toward the window. "Come on, girls! Let's take string to the boys and watch them fly the kites a minute." On the way we met Mrs. Patric, laughing guiltily as if she were doing something wrong, together with her girls. There never was such a day for flying kites! We played all our fresh string into the boys' kites and they went up higher and higher. We could hardly distinguish the orange-colored spots of the kites. Now and then we slowly pulled one kite back, watching it dancing up and down in the wind, and finally bringing it down to earth, just for the joy of sending it up again. Even our fathers dropped their tools and joined us. Our mothers took their turn, laughing like schoolgirls. I think _ . Parents forgot their duty and their dignity; children forgot their everyday fights and little jealousies. "Perhaps it's like this in the kingdom of heaven," I thought confusedly. It was growing dark before we all walked sleepily back to the housed. I suppose we had some sort of supper. I suppose there must have been surface tidying-up, for the house on Sunday looked clean and orderly enough. The strange thing was, we didn't mention that day afterward. I felt a little embarrassed. Surely none of the others had been as excited as I. I locked the memory up in that deepest part of me where we keep "the things that cannot be and yet they are." The years went on, then one day I was hurrying about my kitchen in a city apartment, trying to get some work out of the way while my three-year-old insistently cried her desire to "go park, see duck." "I can't go!" I said. "I have this and this to do, and when I'm through I'll be too tired to walk that far." My mother, who was visiting us, looked up from the peas she was shelling. "It's a wonderful day," she offered, "really warm, yet there's a fine breeze. Do you remember that day we flew kites?" I stopped in my dash between stove and sink. The locked door flew open and with it a rush of memories. "Come on," I told my little girl. "You're right, it's too good a day to miss." Another decade passed. We were in the aftermath of a great war. All evening we had been asking our returned soldier, the youngest Patrick Boy, about his experiences as a prisoner of war. He had talked freely, but now for a long time he had been silent. What was he thinking of --- what dark and horrible things? "Say!" A smile sipped out from his lips. "Do you remember --- no, of course you wouldn't. It probably didn't make the impression on you as it did on me." I hardly dared speak. "Remember what?" "I used to think of that day a lot in POW camp , when things weren't too good. Do you remember the day we flew the kites?" What did the author think after the kite-flying?
<extra_id_0>The boys must have had more fun than the girls.
<extra_id_1>They should have finished their work before playing.
<extra_id_2>Her parents should spend more time with them.
<extra_id_3>All the others must have forgotten that day.
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<extra_id_5>Lin Dehua, boy, 13 School should make our lunchtime longer. Now, our lunchtime is short. Many of my classmates have some homework to do after lunch . But if they do not get a good rest, they won't have enough energy for the afternoon. So I would like to have some time to take a nap after lunch . That way we will learn well in the afternoon. Zhang Huilin, girl,13 Food in our dining hall is not nice at all. There is always pork, fish, and cabbages. The soup is always cold. I think we should have different kinds of food every day. And why can't we have hot soup every day ? I am _ what we eat ! Zheng Chuyu, boy,14 We want more time for sports activities. Students all need time for ball games. But there are only two hours for us to play ball games a week. I think school should be over before 4.30 p.m. every day and then we can go to the playground. I like badminton. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy ! How long does Zheng Chuyu exercise at school every day on average ?
<extra_id_0>Less than half an hour.
<extra_id_1>Two hours.
<extra_id_2>More than half an hour.
<extra_id_3>Half an hour.
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<extra_id_5>As we all know , the language is a very important tool for people to communicate with each other. In most of the languages , people usually begin their conversations by a kind of small talk -a casual form of conversation that "breaks the ice" or fills an awkward silence between people . That is to say , small talk means the little things we talk about to start a conversation . In English-speaking countries such as Britain, people often make small talk about the weather. " Nice day, isn't it?" "Terrible weather , isn't it?" However, we still have something special about small talk. It must be about something which both people have the same opinion about. The purpose of small talk is to let both people agree on something. This makes meeting people easier and more comfortable . People usually agree about the weather, so it is a safe topic for small talk. But people often disagree about religion or politics so these are not suitable topics for small talk. The topics for small talk also depend on where the conversation is taking place. At basketball matches, people make small talk about the game they are watching. "Great game , isn't it?" At train stations, people may talk about the transport system . " The train service is terrible, isn't it?" According to the passage , small talk is _ .
<extra_id_0>a kind of conversation with short words.
<extra_id_1>a greeting used when people meet each other.
<extra_id_2>something we talk about to start a conversation.
<extra_id_3>to let people disagree about something.
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<extra_id_5>When Rikke Dausen in prefix = st1 /Denmarkgoes to get some milk from the fridge, she has trouble getting past the refrigerator door. But it's not because of any physical obstruction. It's usually because the PC monitor in her refrigerator's door has informed her that a new email message has arrived. Rikke and her husband are taking part in a six-month trial sponsored by a Danish firm and two Swedish partners. They hope to show that computers can be put to much more practical daily use than most people think. Fifty families and singles were provided with a free model known as the "Screenfridge" for the duration of trial. "It's really very clever", says Rikke. She can call up email, news reports, sales items at the supermarket or addressed out of the endless ocean Internet possibilities. "I'm not the type who wants to sit in front of the computer and wait 10 minutes for the modem to connect," she says. The creators of the Screenfridge aim at this type of buyer. They think the machine should attract people who have limited time to solve technical problems or surf online. The PC that is built into the door is very small. It is only two centimeters wide, and completely silent. "Everything moves quickly", as Rikke admits. "Well, the whole thing is really just an amusement", she says. "But when the thing is gone after the test, it will be pain to have to go down in the basement again to download my email". The Screenfridge is due to hit the market sometime next year. The writer gives a description of Rikke using the Screenfridge in order to _ .
<extra_id_0>report Rikke's daily life
<extra_id_1>prove the value of PC
<extra_id_2>describe modern life
<extra_id_3>introduce the new product
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<extra_id_5>Zoe was just 2 weeks old when she was seen wandering in a village market wax Kenya's Tsavo National Park in December 1995.Zoe's mother had died and the baby was left alone, She was no ordinary orphan --she was an elephant.So she was sent to a most unusual orphanage in Nairobi, run by a woman named Daphne Sheldrick, Daphne's husband, David Sheldrick, founded Tsavo National Park.Daphne has been working with wild animals for some 60 years, and in 1977 she opened the elephant orphanage at her home in Nairobi.Since 1997, the orphanage, which depends on private contributions, has saved more than 100 baby elephants, Zoe was rather healthy when she was found, and once under the care of the orphanage she was very happy, having enough milk a day and being confident and naughty.After a year in the orphanage with the constant companionship of her human family, Zoe was taken to a refuge at Tsavo National Park.There her keepers have gradually introduced her to the ways of the wild, helping her to find food and water.Zoe lives together with other young elephants in the protected area.It may take some years, but the final aim is to send all of them to the wild. Daphne said that her dream for the future is to see ivory trade forbidden, all stored ivory destroyed and no one wearing an ivory ornament ever again."There will always be competition for land," she explained? "but we can protect elephants in the parks and give the young a chance." Zoe was sent to an elephant orphanage because _ .
<extra_id_0>she could not find her way home
<extra_id_1>Daphne wanted to keep her as a pet
<extra_id_2>she was very young when she lost her mother
<extra_id_3>Tsavo National Park needed a baby elephant
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<extra_id_5>If you often feel tired and the doctor can't find anything wrong with you, you may be in a state of subhealth . Subhealth is a state between health and illness. Most of the subhealthy people are middle-aged ones who are usually stressed out because of work and family. And some of them are students who are having exams. If you are subhealthy, it is not difficult for you to become well soon. You should have good living habits. For example, you should get up early and go to bed early. And you should exercise regularly . Exercising can keep you healthy. As for meals, it is better to eat less salt and sugar. Vegetables, fruit and fish are important to your body. You should eat more of them. It is not good to eat too much at one meal, because it may cause unhealthy changes in the digestive tract . And at last, a balanced diet is very helpful in staying away from subhealth. According to the passage, who will probably be subhealthy?
<extra_id_0>Teachers and students
<extra_id_1>Parents and children
<extra_id_2>Middle-aged people and students
<extra_id_3>The young and the old
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<extra_id_5>When it came to role models, Diana Ortiz said her mother, Marcia Dominguez, was the "hero". Ms. Dominguez came to the United States from Cuba in 1979. She went to college and got a job as a social worker --- all the while raising three children in America mostly on her own. "It was always school first," Diana said, "My mom had us in a straight line. If we got out of line, she corrected us. She was a perfect woman. She was beautiful, she had the education and she had everything --- but the illness took over. When I was 11, it frightened me to see how quickly my mother's health was ruined by cancer. A week before I turned 14, my mother died at age 50. I had tried to prepare myself, but on the first morning I woke up without my mother, the sense of loss was painful." Diana had not seen her father for five years, who refused to provide for her. Diana then entered the city's foster care system. She has spent about four years in foster homes. Despite Diana's hard teenage years, the values her mother had planted in her mind inspired her to go after higher education. Since August 2010, she has been a fulltime student majoring in law. A public organization offers her tuition but she has part-time jobs to help people like her and earn more life experience. Her goal is a job in the Federal Bureau of Investigation. For now, Diana works 20 hours a week as a cashier at Marshalls, earning $7.25 an hour. In November, she moved into her own public housing studio apartment on the Lower East Side. She pays $236 a month in rent. Although she is out of foster care, Diana has been speaking at workshops for foster youths. She emphasizes that nothing should get in the way of their success, not the trials of their lives or what they may have lost. "I tell the young who have the similar experience like me, 'Why are you going to let what happened to you affect you in the long run?' " Diana said. " 'Why are you going to sit there and feel sorry for yourself? You're wasting precious time.' It is a message my mother would approve of. My mom taught me that everything is not given to you. You have to go out and get it." With provided tuition, Diana still works after school because she knows _ .
<extra_id_0>success comes with her own struggle and efforts
<extra_id_1>rich experience helps her find better jobs
<extra_id_2>her tuition will be increased sharply
<extra_id_3>nobody is perfect in the world
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<extra_id_5>Astronaut Zhai Zhigang became the first Chinese man to walk in space on Saturday, climbing out of prefix = st1 /China's Shenzhou VII spacecraft in a technological feat that made the Chinese people excited. "I'm feeling quite well. I greet the Chinese people and the people of the world," Zhai said as he climbed out of the craft at around 16:40 Beijingtime, a historic achievement telecast live on CCTV. Tens of millions of Chinese viewers gathered before TV screens to watch the moment. Chinese President Hu Jintao and other top leaders had appeared at the BeijingAerospaceControlCenterto watch the live transmission of Zhai's spacewalk. Zhai, 42, chosen by an expert team for the first "extra-vehicular activity". unveiled a red national flag, helped by colleague Liu Boming, who also briefly popped his head out of the capsule. Zhai slowly made his way towards a test sample of solid lubricant outside the capsule, took a sample and handed it to Liu. Zhai safely returned inside the craft after about 20 minutes. The walk marked the high point of China's third manned space journey, which has received widespread media coverage. Zhai wore a$4.4 million Chinese-made suit weighing 120kg. Liu wore a Russian-made one and acted as a back-up. The third crew member, Jing Haipeng, monitored the ship from inside the re-entry module. The risky manoeuvre is a step towards China's longer-term goal of assembling a space lab and then a larger space station, analysts said. "On this flight, Chinese people's footprints will be left in space for the first time," said a commentary by the Xinhua News Agency. The astronauts embarked on their walk after receiving a clean bill of health from doctors on the ground at mission control in Beijing, Xinhua said. Zhai's suit has 10 layers and takes up to 15 hours to assemble and put on. China's first manned spaceflight was in 2003. A second, two-manned flight followed in 2005. The only other countries that have sent people into space are Russiaand theUnited States. What did Zhai do outside the capsule in space?
<extra_id_0>He walked in space to enjoy the beautiful space scenery.
<extra_id_1>He fetched a sample of solid lubricant and passed it to his colleague.
<extra_id_2>He waved a red Chinese national flag madly for twenty minutes.
<extra_id_3>He made an experiment with his colleague Liu Boming.
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<extra_id_5>Everywhere I go, people are speaking on their cell telephones regardless of their surroundings . This happens when people are walking around a lake or through town, or even driving. I have even seen a person attempting to speak on her cell phone while ordering ice cream at Dairy Queen, thus speaking to two people at once. As the over-spending of technology increases, people begin to take less joy in the simple pleasures of life--joys that don't cost money--from observing clouds, playing with children to thinking or reading. And it is not just telephones that take the responsibility; too much value is placed on items from computers to cars. Many things are purchased merely to show off. Do you really need a cell phone that plays games, shows movies and takes pictures? No, cell phones should be purchased to use in urgent situations.You do not need to use your telephone when you are at someone else's house or in a restaurant. Technology and possessions do not bring joy. While some technology is necessary, it can get ridiculous . Each possession just makes us want more, while simple pleasures can be enjoyed now and then. Instead of spending our time buying a third television or looking into the newest cell phone models, we should be acting more productively to improve the world by volunteering, for example. Or, we should reconsider playing computer games or taking pictures on our cell phones and read a book or imagine what shapes the clouds are in the sky instead. We can infer that _ .
<extra_id_0>people have no time to play with their children.
<extra_id_1>we can take pleasure in using cell phones at any time.
<extra_id_2>people always desire more possessions.
<extra_id_3>we depend on volunteers to develop the world.
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<extra_id_5>Mr Li is an office worker. He likes to tell us about his weekends. He often gets up at half past six on Sundays. He has breakfast first. Then he goes to the park near his home. He runs for about half an hour in the park. Then he goes to the bookshop to have a look at new books. He likes reading books. In the afternoon, he cleans his car. But sometimes he visits his friends, and he often plays basketball with them. He cooks dinner at home. In the evening, he looks for things on the Internet for about an hour. He enjoys his weekends. What time does Mr Li often get up on Sundays?
<extra_id_0>At 6:00.
<extra_id_1>At 6:30.
<extra_id_2>At 7:00.
<extra_id_3>At 7:30.
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<extra_id_5>Dear Mr. Smith, I currently rent APT#832 in the Canyon Crossing apartments. Overall, I am happy with the location. At the beginning I had planned to live here for at least two years. I like here. However, I am very disappointed in that there seems to be a terrible roach problem. I can't invite any guest over because of this problem and I cannot recommend Canyon Crossing to any of my classmates either. I have left two voice mails for you which are concerned with this problem. You have not returned either one. Therefore, this letter is my next step in hoping to solve the problem. I am kindly asking you to ask an exterminator by July 15th. If you fail to do so, I will have no choice but to make a complaint to the BBB (Better Business Bureau). You are welcome to text me anytime at (435) 234-3452. I hope this problem will be solved soon. Thank you. Yours sincerely, Unhappy Ursula Dear Sir, I am a new resident at Sunning Court. I have seen the condition of the building becoming worse and worse since I moved here last year. First of all, the management of the building is really terrible. Sometimes, there is a bad smell when I walk on the road. I see much rubbish there. No cleaners clean the rubbish. Many roaches and rats run around the building. My second problem is about the security . I always see the guards reading newspapers or smoking when they are on duty. The security room is very dusty too. When I want to use the phone, they say, "We can't help." I am therefore writing to demand your company's action to improve the situation. Thank you for your consideration. Yours faithfully, Chris Wong How does Chris Wong feel about his living conditions at Sunning Court now?_.
<extra_id_0>A bit confused
<extra_id_1>Quite frightened
<extra_id_2>Really excited
<extra_id_3>Very disappointed
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<extra_id_5>If you're still of the belief thaJ mental health conditions aren,t as serious as physical ones,a new report will open your eyes. The United States spent about $201 billion on mental illness in 2013, according to the new analysis published in the journal Health Affairs. That makes it the costliest medical condition in the country. Heart conditions were the second costliest condition, falling far behind menial disorders at $147 billion. Trauma and injury was third at $143 billion. "One key finding of this study is the degree to which spending on mental health disorders in 2013 topped those on all other medical conditions, including heart conditions, trauma, and cancer. Researcher Charles Roehrig wrote in the study's conclusion. Just a decade ago, heart conditions outweighed mentd disorders. Health care costs on heart Problems were about $105 Million in 1996, with mental disordere coming in second at $79 billion. The findings are just another example of how important it is to recognize mental illness as a widespread public health issue. Nearly one in four people will experience a mental health condition at some point in his or her life. Despite this fact, though, there's still a lack of sensitivity and understanding in society--and even the medical community--when it comes to mental disorders. Research shows discrimination involved in mental health. Negative thoughts surrounding mental illness often prevent people from seeking treatment, which can have serious consequences. Data also suggests that not paying attention to mental illness can affeci a company 's bottom line. Serious mental illnesses result in about $193 billion in lost earnings per year. Lastly, the cost of mental health issues extends beyond a dollar sign, but perhaps the shocking figure in the report will finally serve as a wakeup call for those who believe psychological conditions aren't real issues. In other words, can we please take mental illness seriously now? What is one reason why people hesitate to receive mental treatment?
<extra_id_0>Psychological doctors charge too much.
<extra_id_1>They aren't aware of their mental illness.
<extra_id_2>They don't believe in doctors medical skills.
<extra_id_3>They are afraid of being looked down upon.
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<extra_id_5>Stephen used to work in a company. Unfortunately , he got serious heart disease . He couldn't work for a long time. Thinking he could still do something for others, he decided to be a volunteer at a Children's Hospital. Stephen loved children very much. With his love, he did his job well. Sometimes he lost his children. They died. At that time, he would tell these sad parents that he would soon be with their children in heaven and he would take care of them. His words seemed to help those parents. There was a girl who could not walk because of a disease. She couldn't do anything and she was very sad. What was worse, the doctors said that they could do little for her. Stephen decided to try to help her. He started visiting her, bringing paints, brushes and paper. He put the brush in his mouth and began to draw. He didn't use his hands at all. Only his head would move. He always told her that she could do anything she wanted. At last she began to draw with her mouth. She and Stephen became friends. By and by, the little girl was getting better and better. She was allowed to leave the hospital. One day. to Stephen's great surprise, she walked to see him on her own feet! She gave him a picture she had drawn. At the top, it read: "Thank you for helping me walk. It's all because of your love." Love can sometimes be more powerful than doctors and medicines. Love makes our world more beautiful and colorful. Stephen died a few days after the girl gave him the picture. Why did Stephen only move his head when he was drawing a picture?
<extra_id_0>Because he wanted to show how well he could draw.
<extra_id_1>Because he could only move his head.
<extra_id_2>Because the little girl liked him to do so.
<extra_id_3>Because he wanted to show the girl everything was possible.
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<extra_id_5>A broad smile spreads across the faces of Martyn Sibley and Srin Madipalli when asked where they were when they decided to launch an online lifestyle magazine for disabled people."On the beach."they reply."We've both travelled a lot but we wanted a real adventure,"Sibley says of the California road trip during which Disability Horizons was conceived . Sibley,whose professional background is in marketing,has been writing his own blog since 2009"about what I got up to,everyday stuff about living with disability",he says.He describes how while"wandering on the beach together"Madipalli suggested branching out beyond a oneperson blog. Why did they want to create a"lifestyle"magazine for the disabled people?The pair,both in their 20s,say they wanted to produce something"positive and inspiring"that would tell about the lives of disabled people as they actually were.They were especially eager to produce something that showed young disabled people"what it was possible to do with their lives",says Sibley. In less than a year,Disability Horizons has had more than 50 regular contributors and attracted a reader base of more than 20,000 people,more than a third of whom are in the US. Sibley and Madipalli have a genetic disease that causes progressive muscle wasting and loss of movement.They are wheelchair users and have been good friends since growing up in London and Cambridge.Listening to them joke,it makes perfect sense that their shared optimistic outlook has spilled over into the magazine.The site covers topics ranging from books and travel to clubbing and photography."It's definitely a mix."Madipalli says. For what purpose was Disability Horizons created?
<extra_id_0>To collect money for the disabled.
<extra_id_1>To help the disabled to make friends.
<extra_id_2>To organize the disabled to travel around.
<extra_id_3>To let people know the real life of the disabled.
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<extra_id_5>A new study found that inner-city kids living in neighborhoods with more green space gained about 13% less weight over a two-year period than kids living among more concrete and fewer trees. Such findings tell a powerful story. The obesity epidemic began in the 1980s, and many people think it results from increased portion sizes and inactivity , but that can't be everything. Big Macs and TVs have been with us for a long time. "Most experts agree that the changes were related to something in the environment," says Thomas Glass of the Hopkins School of Public Health. That something could be a shrinking of the green. The new research, published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, isn't the first to associate greenery with better health, but it does get us closer to identifying what works and why. At its most straightforward, a green neighborhood simply means more places for kids to play -- which is important since time spent outdoors is one of the strongest links to children's activity levels. Glass warns that most studies don't necessarily prove a link between greenness and health, but they're helping _ action. In September the U.S. government approved the No Child Left Inside Act to encourage public initiatives aimed at exposing kids to the outdoors. Finding green space is, of course, not always easy, and you may have to work a bit to get your family a little grass and trees. If you live in a suburb or a city with good parks, take advantage of what's there. Your children in particular will love it -- and their bodies will thank you. What might be the best title of the passage?
<extra_id_0>The obesity epidemic
<extra_id_1>Slimmer in the grass
<extra_id_2>Causes of obesity
<extra_id_3>Prevention of obesity
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<extra_id_5>Madrid, capital of Spain, is a city with large numbers of historic sites resting in the shadows of modern skyscrapers. This city of over 3, 23 million people, up from 2,88 million in 2000, is proud of Western Europe's royal palace, considered by many to be Madrid's most beautiful building. Inside the Royal Palace 2,800 rooms are decorated with museum-quality furniture and artwork. The internationally loved Prado Museum is the largest and most impressive art gallery in Spain. Opened in 1819, it is filled with works of art that include the world's most comprehensive collection of Spanish paintings. Spain is famous for its delicious ham, and there's no better place to try it than at Museo del Jamon, which has five branches around the city. Hanging from the ceiling of each branch are dozens of hams of different types and flavors. Taste them in the bar. Madrid had some of Europe's best shopping. For 500 years, shoppers have gathered to a large outdoor flea market known as the Rastro, where they find everything from antiques to CDs. Get a great view of the city from Teleferico de Madrid. This cable car takes you on a 2.5kilometer trip 40 meters above the Manzanares River and Casa de Campo park. For a refreshing choice, relax beside the swimming pool on the roof of the Emperador Hotel. Enjoy delicious desserts and drinks while viewing the city, or take a dip in the cool water. No trip to Madrid is complete without seeing a performance of Spain's famous art form, flamenco. Every day, flamenco performers sing, dance or play the guitar in small cafes and grand theaters alike. In which magazine would this article most likely appear?
<extra_id_0>Best Relaxation Destination
<extra_id_1>Modern Country Living
<extra_id_2>Foreign Affairs Quarterly
<extra_id_3>Fashion News
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<extra_id_5>Many years ago my student asked me the question, "Mrs. Kindred, why do you teach?" Without taking time to reflect, I answered, "Because someday I might say something that might make a difference in someone's life." Even though I was sincere, that wasn't a very good answer and my student didn't let it slide. "Let me get this straight," he said, "You went to college for four years so you could come here every day because you have the hope that someday you might say something that will influence someone?" He shook his head as if I were crazy and walked away looking confused. I'm one of those people who look back and wish they had said something smart or witty, or swift. Even though that particular student might no longer wonder why I teach, there are days when I wonder. On those days, I remind myself of the real reasons I teach: It's in my blood. My mother was my most influential teacher, and she was a 6th grade reading teacher until her death in 1990. She instilled in me a love of reading and the knowledge that education opens doors. Teaching is a way to make a difference. If you throw a stone in a pond the ripples go on and on until they reach the shore. You can't have ripples without a "stone." Good teachers throw stones that make a positive difference, and that's what I strive to do. I genuinely love teenagers. I want to share with others what I know and what I have learned through the years. Life is full of ups and downs, and if I can help students avoid some potholes on the road of life, I want to do so. If they'll allow me to celebrate their victories with them, I want to do too. Teaching isn't for everyone, but I know I made the right career choice. What do you think of the writer?
<extra_id_0>Stupid.
<extra_id_1>Honest.
<extra_id_2>Conservative.
<extra_id_3>Polite.
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<extra_id_5>A little girl walked to and from school every day.Though it was not fine and clouds appeared in the sky that morning, the little girl made her daily trip to school as usual. When school was over, winds became stronger and it began to rain. The mother of the little girl felt worried that her daughter would be afraid when she walked home from school and that lightning might make her child scared. Following the bright light of lightning, the mother quickly got into her car and drove to her child's school. As the mother drove along the road, she saw her little girl walking alone in the rain. To her great surprise, she found that when a lightning came, her daughter stopped, looked up and smiled. Another lightning came and then another followed. With each lightning, the little girl stopped, looked up and smiled. Inside the car, the motherasked her daughter, "What were you doing? Why did you look up and smile when the lightning came ?" The little girl answered with a smile, "Mum, you know, God was looking at me. Each time I felt a little afraid walking in the rain.God would take a picture of me. I knew he was playing a game with me''. This passage is possibly from _ .
<extra_id_0>a menu
<extra_id_1>a dictionary
<extra_id_2>a magazine
<extra_id_3>a report
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<extra_id_5>If pollution is caused by many things, it is least likely to be caused by
<extra_id_0>using styrofoam
<extra_id_1>pedaling forward
<extra_id_2>driving cars
<extra_id_3>smoking cigarettes
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<extra_id_5>I went through a training program and became a literacy volunteer last surnmen The training I received, though excellent, did not tell me how it was to work with a real student, however. When I began to discover what other people's lives were like because they could not read, I realized the true importance of reading. My first student Marie was a 44-year-old single mother of three. In the first lesson, I found out she walked two miles to the nearest supermarket twice a week because she didn't know which bus to take. When I told her I would get her a bus schedule, she told me it would not help because she could not read it. She said she also had difficulty once she got to the supermarket,because she couldn't always remember what she needed. Since she did not know words, she could not write out a shopping list. Also, she could only recognize items by sight, so if the product had a different label, she would not recognize it as the product she wanted. As we worked together, learning how to read built Marie's self-confidence,which encouraged her to continue her studies. She began to make rapid progress and was even able to take the bus to the supermarketelt. After this successful trip, she reported how self-confident she felt. At the end of the program, she began helping her youngest son,Tony, a shy first grader with his reading. She sat with him before he went to sleep and together they would read bedtime stories. When his eyes became wide with excitement as she read, pride was written all over her face. As she described this experience, I was proud of myself as well. I found that helping Marie to build her self-confidence was more rewarding than anything I had ever done before. As a literacy volunteer, I learned a great deal about teaching and helping others. In fact, I may have learned more from the experience than Marie did. What did the author do last summer?
<extra_id_0>She worked in the supermarket
<extra_id_1>She helped someone to learn to read
<extra_id_2>She gave single mothers the help they needed
<extra_id_3>She went to a training program to help a literacy volunteer
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<extra_id_5>The Norwegian Government is doing its best to keep the oil industry under control. A new law limits exploration to an area south of the southern end of the long coastline; production limits have been laid down (though these have already been raised); and oil companies have not been allowed to employ more than a limited number of foreign workers. But the oil industry has a way of getting over such problems, and few people believe that the Government will be able to hold things back for long. As one Norwegian politician said last week: " We will soon be changed beyond all recognition." Ever since the war, the Government has been carrying out a program of development in the area north of the Arctic Circle. During the past few years this program has had a great deal of success. Tromso has been built up into a local capital with a university, a large hospital and a healthy industry. But the oil industry has already started to draw people south, and within a few years the whole northern policy could be in ruins. The effects of the oil industry would not be limited to the north, however. With nearly 100 percent employment, everyone can see a situation developing in which the service industries and the tourist industry will lose more of their workers to the oil industry. Some smaller industries might even disappear altogether when it becomes cheaper to buy goods from abroad. The real argument over oil is its threat to the Norwegian way of life. Farmers and fishermen do not make up most of the population, but they are an important part of it, because Norwegians see in them many of the qualities that they regard with pride as essentially Norwegian. And it is the farmers and the fishermen who are most critical of the oil industry because of the damage that it might cause to the countryside and to the sea. The Norwegian Government would prefer the oil industry to _ .
<extra_id_0>provide more jobs for foreign workers
<extra_id_1>slow down the rate of its development
<extra_id_2>sell the oil it is producing abroad
<extra_id_3>develop more quickly than at present
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<extra_id_5>Peter: Let's play computer games! Barry: That sounds interesting, but I don't have a computer. Peter: Well, do you have a volleyball? Barry: Yes. Peter: Then let's play volleyball. Barry: Oh, volleyball is so difficult. Peter: OK, let's watch TV. Barry: That sounds boring. Hmmm, let's play soccer! Do you have a soccer ball? Peter: No, I don't. Barry: Oh, well, do you have a basketball? Peter: Yes, I do. Let's play basketball! Barry: That sounds fun! Does Peter have a soccer ball?
<extra_id_0>No, he does.
<extra_id_1>Yes, he does
<extra_id_2>No, he doesn't
<extra_id_3>Yes, he doesn't
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<extra_id_5>Have you ever dreamed about sending a letter to yourself or your friends in the future ? While express mail representing efficiency and speed is prevalent in China , there is another type of mail appearing as a new business : " Future Mail " . " Future Mail " service can make people slow down and let them understand the meaning of " time " in another way . And " Future Mail " letters are " reminders of affection , friendship and love ". Lin Xiaofan , a senior high school student in Hefei , wrote a letter to her mother in advance to express her love to her mother for next Mother's Day . Feng Xiao , a youth who feels pressure despite of some achievements in her career decided to write a letter to herself on her 25th birthday and have it delivered five years later on her 30th birthday through a " Future Mail " . She expressed her thoughts about her present life and her expectations for the future to encourage herself to face up to the challenges of her life with courage . While " Future Mail " is gaining popularity , some people are concerned about what happens if the postal address of the receiver changes or if the company goes broken before letters are delivered . Actually , customers required to complete an acceptance form and make an assessment so they can be _ if their letters or goods are lost or damaged . Most of the business's customers are college students and young white-collar workers . Psychologists said young Chinese might be given a vent to their negative feelings through the service . Most people put their hopes and wishes in the letters so they can experience the connection between " past " and " present " while they receive the letters . It can help people reunderstand the meaning of " time " . You can read this article in newspaper's _ part .
<extra_id_0>sports .
<extra_id_1>science
<extra_id_2>leisure
<extra_id_3>policy
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<extra_id_5>One thing the tour books don't tell you about London is that 2,000 of its residents are foxes. They ran away from the city about centuries ago after developers and pollution moved in. But now that the environment is cleaner, the foxes have come home, one of the many wild animals that have moved into urban areas around the world. "The number and variety of wild animals in urban areas is increasing," says Gomer Jones, president of the National Institute for Urban Wildlife, in Columbia, Maryland. A survey of the wildlife in New York's Central Park last year _ the species of mammals, including muskrats, shrews and flying squirrels. A similar survey conducted in the 1890s counted only five species. One of the country's largest populations of raccoons now lives in Washington D.C., and moose are regularly seen wandering into Maine towns. Peregrine falcons dive from the window ledges of buildings in the largest U.S. cities to prey on pigeons. Several changes have brought wild animals to the cities. Foremost is that air and water quality in many cities has improved as a result of the 1970s pollution-control efforts. Meanwhile, rural areas have been built up, leaving many animals on the edges of suburbs. In addition, urban wildlife refuges have been created. The Greater London Council last year spentPS750,000 to buy land and build 10 permanent wildlife refuges in the city. Over 1,000 volunteers have donated money and cleared rubble from derelict lots. One evening last year a fox was seen on Westminster Bridge looking up at Big Ben. For peregrine falcons, cities are actually safer than rural cliff dwellings . By 1970 the birds had died out east of the Mississippi because the DDT had made their eggs too thin to support life. That year, scientist Tom Cade of Cornell University began raising the birds for release in cities, for cities afforded abundant food. Cities can attract wild animals without turning them harmful. The trick is to create habitats where they can be self-sufficient but still be seen and appreciated. Such habitats can even be functional. In San Francisco, the local government is testing different kinds of rainwater control basins to see not only which ones retain the cleanest water but which will attract the most birds. It can be inferred from the passage that _ .
<extra_id_0>Londoners are putting more and more wild animals into their zoos.
<extra_id_1>Londoners are happy to see wild animals return to their city
<extra_id_2>Londoners are trying to move wild animals back to the countryside
<extra_id_3>Londoners have welcomed the wild birds, but found foxes a problem
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<extra_id_5>Online Money Earning Yes, you can earn money online without any investment or without anytime limit. There is no need to stop any other work. Here I tell you the complete method for online earning. The Method You can earn money through "Bux.to" by clicking on ads on "Bux. to" site. First you need to open an account at "Bux. to". "Bux. to" is a new international and FREE English based service that allows advertisers to reach thousands of potential customers by displaying their ads on our "Surf Ads" page. An exact calculated percentage of all advertising income is paid to our members. "Bux. to" makes money through advertising. How you make money You view websites in 30 seconds through the "Surf Ads" page. Once the 30 seconds is up, you'll either get a green tick sign or a red "x". The green tick sign means you've earned $0.01and the "x" means you have not earned money for the visit. You'll get red x's when you have more than one website from the "Surf Ads" page open. When this happens, you get no credit. Earnings example You click 10 ads per day =$0.10 20 referrals click 10 ads per day =$2.00 Your daily earnings =$2.10 Your weekly earnings =$14.70 How to get paid At present, it only makes payments through "AlertPay". AlertPay is the payment processing solution that we use to pay members. Your AlertPay address is the e-mail address you use to register with AlertPay. You can get a free AlertPay account at http:// alertpay. com. You can earn money by _ .
<extra_id_0>chatting online
<extra_id_1>advertising some products
<extra_id_2>clicking on advertisement
<extra_id_3>choosing green ticks or x's
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<extra_id_5>I'm Alice. Today is Children's Day. I get many presents from my family. Do you want to have a look? I like toy bears very much. I have five different bears in my room. My mother buys another brown bear for me today. It's very cute; My uncle gives me a new pencil case; It's so nice. There's an interesting picture on it. My uncle buys it in Canada. My sister buys a red toy car for me. I like cars very much. My sister is so nice. Green is my favourite colour. But I like the car best. The diary book is from my grandmother. I like writing a diary in the evening. I want to be a writer when I grow up. Alice doesn't get _ from her family.
<extra_id_0>a computer
<extra_id_1>a diary book
<extra_id_2>a toy bear
<extra_id_3>a toy car
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<extra_id_5>Passage A Shenzhou Travel Agency Five-day trip to Zhangjiajie By train Five-star hotel Call Miss Li at 5678-9230 for more information. Piano Lessons Music teacher Good at teaching kids from 5 to 10 years of age Call Mary at 8230-7861 Babysitter Wanted A 2-year-old baby At my home From 8:00 am to 4:00 pm A woman who is less than 45 years old Be good with kids. Call Mr Johnson at 5817-6291 Room for Rent One of two bedrooms Share kitchen and bathroom with a quiet and clean girl E-mail Lisa at ryhou@hotmail.com Where can we find these ads?
<extra_id_0>In a newspaper.
<extra_id_1>In a story-book.
<extra_id_2>In the library rules.
<extra_id_3>In a history book.
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<extra_id_5>All students need to have good study habits.When you have good study habits,you can learn things quickly.You also remember them easily. Do you like to study in the living-room?This is not a good place because it is usually too noisy.You need to study in a quiet place,like your bedroom.A quiet place will help you only think about one thing,and you will learn better. Before you begin to study,do not forget to clean your desk.A good desk light is important,too. You are feeling tired easily if there is not enough light. . You are feeling tired easily if the light is _ .
<extra_id_0>good
<extra_id_1>enough
<extra_id_2>bad
<extra_id_3>well
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<extra_id_5>A Japanese toy maker declares that they have developed a gadget that translates dog barks into human language and plans to begin selling the gadget----under the name of Bowlingual----in U. S. pet stores and gift shops this summer. Tokyo-based Takara Co. Ltd. says about 300, 000 of the dog translator gadgets have been sold since it was on sale in Japan late last year. It is forecasting far bigger sales once an English language translation for dogs comes to America in August. The United States is home to about 67 million dogs, more than six times the number in Japan. "We know that the Americans love their dogs so much, so we don't think they will mind spending $ 120 on this product, " the Takara marketing manager said during an interview at a recent pet products conference in Atlanta. Regarded as one of the coolest inventions of 2002 by Time magazine, Bowlingual is made up of a 3 - inch long wireless microphone that is fastened to a dog collar and sends out sounds to a small console that is connected to a database . The console divides each bark into six emotional types----happiness, sadness, disappointment, anger, threat and desire----and shows common phrases, such as "You're ticking me off," that fit the dog's emotional state. Takara says it has spent millions of dollars developing the gadget in cooperation with famous sound experts and animal behaviorists. One thing that does appear certain is that the markets for animal translation products will likely remain a dog's world since Takara has no plans to develop a similar gadget for cats. " _ are too unpredictable , " the marketing manager said. From the passage, we can see that Takara Co. Ltd. is _ the sale of its new product.
<extra_id_0>proud of
<extra_id_1>satisfied with
<extra_id_2>confident of
<extra_id_3>worried about
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<extra_id_5>A long time ago, my grandma and grandpa lived in a house with a big front yard. They planted lots of vegetables and flowers in the yard. They worked hard to keep the garden growing. All summer long, the family ate food from the garden and enjoyed the flowers. Years passed. It became harder for them to keep up the garden. So they made it a little smaller. Then one summer Grandpa died. It was a lonely winter for Grandma. It was hard for her to care for the garden alone. When spring came, she planted just a few vegetables and flowers. One day in the early summer, Grandma heard big noises in the yard. She looked out of the window and saw thousands of bees. What could she do? Should she _ someone to get rid of the bees? But that would cost more than she could afford. She decided to wait. Over the next few days, the bees were busy with their own business. Grandma decided the bees wouldn't bother anyone, so she didn't give them another thought. That summer, Grandma's little garden grew and grew. The neighbors would stop to admire the big crop of vegetables and the lovely flowers. One day, Grandma's brother visited. As Grandma made him delicious squash pan cakes , she told him about the bees. Frank said, "Farmers often hire beekeepers to set up beehives . The bees, pollinate the crops and help them to grow." "So that's why my garden is doing so well!" Grandma exclaimed . After that, she believed that Grandpa had sent the bees to take his place and make Grandma's little garden grow and grow... The garden became smaller than before, because _
<extra_id_0>the grandpa died
<extra_id_1>they became old
<extra_id_2>they didn't have enough money
<extra_id_3>Because they didn't need so much food
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<extra_id_5>Dog walkers provide a 20-to-60-minute daily walk for a client's dog,making sure the dog answers the call of nature and gets proper exercise.They often walk more than one dog at a time.Some walkers work for dog-walking services,especially when starting out.Others have their own businesses,and build by word of mouth and advertising.Dog walkers often work part-time,and some provide other services like pet sitting or transporting. In N.Y.City,dog walkers usually earn about $25 an hour.If you work for a dog-walking business,you may earn less-if you are on your own dealing with several dogs at the same time,it may be more. What do you have to do to be a dog walker? First,have a real love of dogs,and have a good knowledge of how to get on with dogs.Try calling dog-walking services to find out about openings.If you're on your own,you'll need to network and market yourself.You might advertise your services in pet offices,grooming businesses,or neighborhood papers.You will need business cards and a mobile phone,and have good references and a clean background.You'll also have to deal with taxes and insurance.You should be physically fit,friendly,neatly dressed and extremely dependable.Many dog walkers are bonded and insured,and this is a definite selling point to clients. Of course,you will be cleaning up dog waste!You will also be outside in all kinds of weather.You may have to deal with dogs that don't like each other,and difficult owners.It's also an up and down kind of business-clients can come and go. For pet lovers,spending the workday with dogs instead of navigating office politics is its own reward!You are your own boss-you can dress casually,your doggy clients will love you unconditionally,and you'll get some great exercise! One who wants to _ may find the passage helpful.
<extra_id_0>take up a weekend job
<extra_id_1>keep a good pet dog
<extra_id_2>make money in his daily spare time
<extra_id_3>be a part-time office worker
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<extra_id_5>Skittles left in snow become
<extra_id_0>hot
<extra_id_1>mushy
<extra_id_2>hard
<extra_id_3>soft
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<extra_id_5>Scientists found that sleeping considerably improves our creativity. After taking a nap people are able to think faster and put more imagination into their thinking. Besides, if we dream, the thinking abilities are improved even more. Researchers consider that sleeping on a problem in most cases leads to elucidation . They say when a person enters a phase called Rapid Eye Movement (REM) during sleep, _ increases the effect. Such phase takes place right before we awake and according to scientists it helps our brain make links between unrelated subjects. In the study, led by Professor Sara Mednick, scientists made a conclusion that the REM was "important for assimilating new information into past experience" in order to find solutions to creative problems. Prof. Mednick is a psychiatrist at the University of California. Her study involved the analysis of 77 adults. Each participant was given several word-associated creative tasks. All tasks were given in the morning, with participants being shown a number of groups of 3 words, for example: cookie, heart and sixteen. They were asked to come up with a word that would be associated with all three given terms--like sweet. Sometime later, after some participants were allowed to sleep, they were asked to perform the same tasks and some new ones. It is worth mentioning that while some people slept, researchers used brain scans to see the type of sleep each participant entered. When given the same tasks, participants, who took a nap, were able to give more varied solutions, some of which were much better than they gave earlier. But when given new tasks, researchers found that those who entered REM sleep had a 40 percent better result compared to the performance they showed in the morning. What can we know from this passage?
<extra_id_0>Taking a short nap is good for your thinking during the day.
<extra_id_1>Sleeping has three processes which is good for creativity.
<extra_id_2>Each adult was allowed to sleep after the task was given.
<extra_id_3>REM is a process taking place right after we awake when we nap.
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<extra_id_5>When I was growing up, I was embarrassed to be seen with my father. He was badly crippled , and when we would walk together, his hand on my arm for balance, people would stare, I would be ashamed of the unwanted attention. If ever noticed or bothered, he never let on. It was difficult to walk together--and because of that, we didn't say much as we went along. But as we started out, he always said, "You set the pace. I will try to follow you." Our usual walk was to or from the subway, which was how he got to work. He went to work sick, and even in bad weather. He almost never missed a day, and would make it to the office even if others could not. It was a matter of pride for him. When snow or ice was on the ground, it was impossible for him to walk, even with help... Such times my sister or I would pull him through the streets of Brooklyn, N.Y., on a child's sleigh to the subway entrance. Once there, he would try to grasp handrail until he reached the lower steps that the warmer tunnel air kept ice free. In Manhattan the subway station was the basement of his office building, and he would not have to go outside again until we met him in Brooklyn on his way home. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m When I think of it now, I am surprised at how much courage it must have taken for a grown man to suffer from shame and disability. And I am also surprised at how he did it--without bitterness or complaint. He never talked about himself as an object of pity, not did he show any envy of the more fortunate or able. What he looked for in others was a "good heart", and if he found one, the owner was good enough for him. Now that I am older, I believe that is a proper standard by which to judge people, even though I still don't know exactly what a "good heart" is. But I know the times I don't have one myself. He has been away for many years now, but I think of him often. I wonder if he sensed my reluctance to be seen with him during our walks. If he did, I am sorry I never told him how sorry I was, how unworthy I was, how I regretted it. I think of him when I complain about my troubles, when I am envious of another's good fortune, when I don't have a "good heart". How did the father get to work usually?
<extra_id_0>By subway.
<extra_id_1>By bus.
<extra_id_2>By wheelchair.
<extra_id_3>By bike
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<extra_id_5>While they were almost unknown twenty years ago, it seems that mobile phones these days are part of everyone's life. However, as with other inventions such as the television and the computer, they are a double-edged sword, inviting both supporters and opponents, especially in regard to their use in public places like restaurants and cinemas. One of the strongest arguments in favor of forbidding mobiles in public places is the trouble they cause to other people. For example, although we are often asked to turn off our phones when in a cinema, the film that we are watching is often interrupted by the sound of at least five rings. To make it even worse, some people insist on continuing their conversation, even though hundreds of people can hear what they say, which often drowns out the voice from the film. As a result, many people would welcome a ban on mobile phones in places where they might disturb other people. On the other hand, there are a number of arguments against such a ban. It is difficult to stop people bringing with them their mobile phones in public places, making it almost impossible to call for a ban. Some people would see this as an infringement of their rights, while other people would say they need them in case of an emergency. Despite being asked to silence their phones, some people insist on leaving them on. It seems to me that a ban on mobile phones would not have any result in the end. People will find a way to escape a ban. Nevertheless, people should be discouraged from using them in public places, unless it is highly necessary. They should be made to know that it is bad manners to use them in certain places or at certain times. Of course, there will always be someone who thinks their call is more important than others' peace and quiet! The author of the text thinks that _ .
<extra_id_0>mobiles can be used in case of an emergency in public places
<extra_id_1>mobiles should be turned off in public places
<extra_id_2>mobiles should not be banned in public places
<extra_id_3>it is possible to ban the use of mobiles in public places
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<extra_id_5>Young children whose mothers talk with them more frequently and in more detail about people's thoughts and feelings tend to be better at taking another person's perspective than other children of the same age. That's what researchers from the University of Western Australia found in a new study published in the journal Child Development. "Parents who frequently put themselves in someone else's shoes in conversations with their children make it more likely their children will be able to do the same," said lead author Brad Farrant. Researchers of the UWA's Telethon Institute for Child Health Research looked at the influence of how parents interact with their children to learn more about how people develop the ability to take another's perspective. The two-year study involved more than 120 Australian children aged between four and six, including children with typically developing language and others delayed in language acquisition . The children completed tasks which were designed to assess their language skills, ability to infer others' beliefs and use these to predict others' behavior, and their ability to shift flexibly between different perspectives. Among children with typically developing language, the researchers found that mothers who talked more often and in greater detail about people's thoughts and feelings -- commenting on how another person might react to a particular situation as well as their own feelings about the topic -- had children with better language skills and better perspective-taking skills. Children with delayed language acquisition were also delayed in their development of perspective-taking skills. This displays the role played by language as children develop the ability to take another's perspective. "Solving the many challenges that the world faces today requires us all to get better at taking the perspective of other people," said Brad Farrant. According to the text, we can learn _ .
<extra_id_0>parents should talk to their children frequently no matter how old their children are
<extra_id_1>it was Brad Farrant who wrote the study in Child Development herself
<extra_id_2>the only way to improve language skill is talking to children more often
<extra_id_3>parents who are always thinking about others will help their children do the same way
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<extra_id_5>American country music is also known as country western music .It has a very long history . It comes from the folk songs of immigrants from Britain. Country music users simple music and words to express everyday feelings such as loneliness, love , and sadness . That is to say , country music describes life . It talks about friends and enemies , trucks and roads , farm and crops.. People in many parts of the world like country music, because everyone can understand what the music is about . Country western music became popular first among cowboys in the American west countryside . Cowboys had to take care of cows day and night. When they were alone with the cows, they often sang beautiful and peaceful songs to _ and to overcome their own fear .They were not well-educated and so they sang about their daily life in very simple words .They played guitars, violins. and other instruments. In the south of America , many people added instruments from their homes , like bottles and spoons, When cowboys visited their friends and families on holidays like Thanksgiving , they usually sang and played country western music . In recent years ,many musicians have made country western music a little different from the one in the past.These changes make the songs sound even better.Today singers such as Carth Brooks.Reba McEntire. Emmylou Harris. Lyle Lovett,Eddie Rabbitt, LeAnn Rimes,Randy Travis and a group called Alabama are singing and playing in different styles.They have brought country western music more and more fans from all over the wold. ,. Which of these is mentioned in the passage ?
<extra_id_0>Early immigrants lived a very simple life.
<extra_id_1>Many country music singers are not well-educated.
<extra_id_2>Cowboys usually played country western music on holidays.
<extra_id_3>In the west of America , cowboys added instruments from their homes
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<extra_id_5>Long long time ago,the Creator created a man and a woman,they lived together very happily for a time.But then they began to get angry with each other,and at last the woman left and started off to the Sun land in the east. The man followed alone and felt very sad,but the woman kept on ahead and never looked behind,until the Creator,took pity on him and asked him if he was still angry with his wife.He said he was not,and the Creator then asked him if he would like to have her back again.He answered yes. So the Creator created a patch of the finest ripe tomatoes along the way in front of the woman,but she passed by like seeing nothing at all.Later,he put a patch of beautiful flowers but again she refused to notice.Until suddenly she saw in front of her a patch of large ripe strawberries.They looked delicious. She stopped to pick a few to eat,and as she ate them she turned her face to the west by accident,and at once she remembered her husband and she found herself unable to go on.She sat down,but the longer she waited,the more she missed her husband,and at last she took a lot of the best strawberries and started back along the way to give them to him.He met her kindly and they went home together. Where can we read the passage?
<extra_id_0>In a science magazine.
<extra_id_1>In a history book.
<extra_id_2>In a nature magazine.
<extra_id_3>In a story book.
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<extra_id_5>People in cities all over the world shop in supermarkets. When you enter the supermarket, you see shelves full of food. You walk in the aisles, pushing your shopping cart. You probably hear soft, slow music in the supermarket. This kind of music is playing to relax you and make you walk slowly. Thus, you will probably stay longer and buy more food. Where do you go in the supermarket when you first arrive? Many people go to the meat section first. This area of the store has many different kinds of meat. Some kinds are expensive and others are not. Usually, some kinds of meat are on sale. So it has a special low price. The manager of the store knows where the customers usually enter the meat section. The meat on sale is usually at the other end of the section, away from where the customers enter. If you want to buy this specially priced meat, you have to walk by the more expensive meat first. Maybe you will see something that you want to buy before you reach the cheaper, inexpensive meat. Then you will spend more money in the meat section. The diary section sells milk that is low in fat. Some supermarkets sell three different containers of low-fat milk. Each container looks different, but each contains the same product. One says "1% fat", one says "99% fat free" and one says "low-fat" in big letters and "1%"in very small letters. If you look carefully you can see that all the milk has the same amount of fat, and each container is the same size. The prices of all these three should be the same. However, in many stores these three containers of milk would each have a different price. The store will make more money if a customer chooses the milk that costs the most. Most of the food in supermarkets is very attractive. People often stop to look at the products in attractive containers. But remember, many products will say, "Buy me!". Stop and think which ones are the best value for your money. The three different kinds of low-fat milk _ .
<extra_id_0>contain three different amount of milk
<extra_id_1>contain three different kinds of milk
<extra_id_2>each have the same amount of fat
<extra_id_3>are all the same price
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<extra_id_5>High-quality customer service is preached by many, but actually keeping customers happy is easier said than done. Shoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store, but instead will alert their friends, s, co-workers, strangers--and anyone who will listen. Store managers are often the last to hear complaints, and often find out only when their regular customers decide to frequent their competitors, according to a study jointly conducted by Verde Group and Wharton School. "Storytelling hurts retailers and entertains consumers," said Paula Courtney, President of the Verde Group. "The store loses the customer, but the shopper must also find a replacement." On average, every unhappy customer will complain to at least four others, and will no longer visit the specific store. For every dissatisfied customer, a store will lose up to three more due to negative review. The resulting "snowball effect" can be disastrous to retailers. According to the research, shoppers who purchased clothing encountered the most problems. Ranked second and third were grocery and electronics customers. The most common complaints include filled parking lots, cluttered shelves, overloaded racks, out-of-stock items, long check-out lines, and rude salespeople. During peak shopping hours, some retailers solved parking problems by getting moonlighting local police to work as parking attendants. Some hired flag wavers to direct customers to empty parking spaces. This guidance eliminated the need for customers to circle the parking lot endlessly, and avoided confrontation between those eyeing the same parking space. Retailers can relieve the headaches by redesigning store layouts, pre-stocking sales items, hiring speedy and experienced cashiers, and having sales representatives on hand to answer questions. Most importantly, salespeople should be diplomatic and polite with angry customers. "Retailers who're responsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than those who aren't so friendly," said Professor Stephen Hoch. "Maybe something as simple as a greeter at the store entrance would help." Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by filing complaints to the retailer, instead of complaining to the rest of the world. Retailers are hard-pressed to improve when they have no idea what is wrong.ks5u What contributes most to smoothing over issues with customers?
<extra_id_0>Manners of the salespeople.
<extra_id_1>Hiring of efficient employees.
<extra_id_2>Huge supply of goods for sale.
<extra_id_3>Design of store layout.
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<extra_id_5>For as long as they can remember Jynne Martin and April Surgent had both dreamed of going to Antarctica.This winter,they each made it to the icy continent as guests of the National Science Foundation(NSF).Bm they didn't go as scientists.Martin is a poet and Surgent is an artist.They went to Antarctica as participants.in the NSF's Artists and Writers program.The NSF is thegovernment agency that funds scientific research in Antarctica.But it also makes it possible for artists,including filmmakers and musicians,to experience Antarctica and contribute their own points of view to our understanding of the continent. The mixing of science and art in Antarctica isn't new.Some of the earliest explorersbrought along painters and photographers.Edward Wilson was a British painter,doctor,and bird expert who journeyed with RobertFalcon Soott on two separate Antamtic expeditionsmore than 100 years ago.Herbert Ponting was a photographer who also accompanied Scott on one of those expeditions.In hundreds of photos,Pontingcaptured the beauty of the continentand recorded the daily lives and heroic struggles of the explorers. Today's scientists write articles forscientificjournals.Unlike theearly explorers'journals,scientific papers can now be very difficult for non-scientists to understand.Writers in Antarctica workto explain the research to the public.Peter Rejcek is editor,writer,and photographer for the Antarctic Sun,an onlinemagazine devoted to news about the U.S.Antarctic Program.Rejeck began his career in the Antarctic in 2003 by spending a year at the South Pole.He has returned everyyear since,interviewing,scientists about research at Palmer,McMurdo,and South Pole stations. There are also scientists in Antarctica who work hardto explain their research to the public.Scientist Diane McKnight wrote The Lost Seal,a children's book that explains the research she and others are doing in an unusual ice-free area in Antarctica called the Dry Valleys. Antarctica is full of stories and wonders that are scientific,historic.and personal. People such as Martin,Surgent,Rejcek,and McKnight are devoted to bringing those storiesto asmany peopleare they can."Some people are going to be scientists,some people are goingto be journalists,some people are going to be artists,but we can all work together,'saysSurgent,"tocelebrate,thisextraordinary place." What do we know about the NSF?
<extra_id_0>It is a government agency.
<extra_id_1>It only funds scientists in Antarctica.
<extra_id_2>It encourages the understanding of human nature.
<extra_id_3>It enables the mixing of science and art for the first time.
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<extra_id_5>Next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when you're doing your holiday shopping online, make sure you're holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation of warmth encourages emotional warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions--those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A. Bargh. Psychologists have known that one person's perception of another's "warmth" is a powerful determiner in social relationships. Judging someone to be either "warm" or "cold" is a primary consideration, even trumping evidence that a "cold" person may be more capable. Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences, Bargh argues, when babies' conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldness. Classic studies by Harry Harlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth "mother" rather than one made of wire, even when the wire "mother" carried a food bottle. Harlow's work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills. Feelings of "warmth" and "coldness" in social judgments appear to be universal. Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as "warm" or "cold" is common to many cultures, and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries. To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students. A research assistant who was unaware of the study's hypotheses , handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form. The drink was then handed back. After that, the students were asked to rate the personality of "Person A" based on a particular description. Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink. "We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly," says Bargh. What would be the best title for the passage?
<extra_id_0>Physical Sensations and Emotions.
<extra_id_1>Experiments of Personality Evaluation.
<extra_id_2>Developing Better Drinking Habits.
<extra_id_3>Drinking for Better Social Relationships.
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<extra_id_5>I had been a step-mother for six years, and with my husband,I had watched his young children growing into teenagers. Although they lived mostly with their mother, they spent a lot of time with us. Over the years, we all learned to become more comfortable with each other. However, I continued to feel somewhat like an outsider. When the children moved to a town five hours away, my husband was understandably destroyed. In order to keep in touch with the kids, we set up an e-mail and chat-line service. Ironically , this technology can make us feel out of touch and more in need of real human contact. If a computer message came addressed to "Dad", I'd feel forgotten. If my name appeared along with his, it would brighten my day. _ not just over the telephone wires. Late one evening, as my husband was snoozing , I was catching up on my e-mail, an "instant message" appeared on the screen. It was Margo, my oldest stepdaughter, also up late in front of her computer. We sent several messages back and forth, exchanging the latest news. When we "chatted" like that, she wouldn't necessarily know if it was me or her dad unless she asked. That night she didn't ask and I didn't tell her it was me either. After hearing the latest volleyball scores and the details about a coming dance at her school, I said that it was late and I should go to sleep. Her return message read, "Okay, talk to you later! Love you!" At this, a wave of sadness ran through me and I realized that she must have thought she was writing to her father the whole time. She and I would never have openly exchange such words of love. Feeling guilty for not telling her the truth, yet not wanting to embarrass her, I simply replied, "Love you too! Have a good sleep!" I thought again of their family circle and I felt again the sharp ache of emptiness and "otherness". Then, just as my fingers reached for the keys to return the screen to black, Margo's final message appeared. It read, "Tell Dad good night for me too." With tear-filled eyes, I turned the machine off. From this passage, we can learn that a step-parent can _ .
<extra_id_0>never know the special relationship between a parent and a child
<extra_id_1>exchange e-mails and messages with step-children
<extra_id_2>be part of the "inner circle" of the family
<extra_id_3>never be liked by his or her step-children
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<extra_id_5>Mr Smith is an English teacher. He comes from America. He has a daughter. Her name is Amy, and she is a good engineer in New York. Mr Smith likes traveling very much, and he can speak Spanish very well. Now he is in China, so he wants to learn some Chinese. He works very hard at his Chinese, and goes to Chinese classes every evening. He has a lot of friends in China and they often help him. He likes to talk with them. He tells his daughter that he can speak good Chinese, and he doesn't have anytrouble with his Chinese, but the Chinese have a lot . He learns Chinese _ .
<extra_id_0>very well
<extra_id_1>not very well
<extra_id_2>we don't know
<extra_id_3>very good
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<extra_id_5>British Study Tours Using the wonderful railway system we offer an unusual holiday, sport and study program . Your hotel is a train: eat and sleep on the train and spend each day in a different part of Britain. Summer Schools in France We offer summer schools for students between the ages of 12 and 16. Live with a French family and choose from different activities including horse-riding, football, swimming and skiing. Summer in Australia We will arrange a program for your students. All our courses take place at the college in Sydney. Morning classes are held in Chinese; evening classes on Australian history are in English. We offer an exciting program of evening activities including music. Dance and theatre. Holiday Programs in Germany We offer morning classes in German at all levels from beginner upwards. In the afternoon you are free to join in our mountain walks or to go shopping in the nearby town. In the evening we organize a full program for fun. All ages welcome. Summer School in France is different from the others in that you can _ .
<extra_id_0>go at any time of the year
<extra_id_1>stay with a local family
<extra_id_2>go at any age
<extra_id_3>do sports
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<extra_id_5>The rapid growth of Smartphones and electronic tablets is making the Internet favourite for Americans reading news, a report said. News consumption online increased 17% last year from the year before. Television news, newspapers, radio and magazines all lost audience last year. For the first time, the number of people who get news online at least three times a week is larger than the number of people who get news from the newspapers. TV news has been the most popular since the 1960s. It has replaced the afternoon newspapers. But now the online news seems to be more popular than the TV news. People are used to having the Internet available on phones or small tablets. In December, 2010, 41% of Americans said they got most of their news on the Internet, more than double the 17% who said that a year earlier, the report said. In January, 2011, 7% of Americans owned electronic tablets, nearly double what it was three months earlier. It was the fastest-growing new digital technology, ahead of mobile phones when they were introduced. The online ad income was expected to surpass print newspaper ad income for the first time in 2010. The news business used to be the intermediary . You needed newspapers and TV stations to reach your customers. In this age of the computer, it's the software developers that you need. About 3.5% of Americans had electronic tablets in _ .
<extra_id_0>October, 2010
<extra_id_1>December, 2010
<extra_id_2>February, 2011
<extra_id_3>March, 2011
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<extra_id_5>Once upon a time there was a monster( ). He was very ugly ( ), and had no friends. No one wanted to talk to him. Even other monsters thought he was ugly. He lived alone and was very unhappy because he was so lonely. "I wish I had a friend." he said to himself every day. "One friend would be enough. Someone to talk to." "Dear Editor( )." he wrote. " I am an ugly monster. How can I find a friend?" "Dear Monster." the Editor replied. " Advertise( )for a friend in this magazine." The monster wrote an advertisement. "Monster wants a friend, male or female. I have two heads, four arms, six legs and three tails. I have one blue eye, one green eye and one brown eye. Smoke comes out of my noses. But I am really a kind monster and will be a good friend to someone. If you would like to meet me, please stand outside Blake's Store at 6 p.m. on Friday, May 22nd. Write to me at Box 45. Everybody's Magazine." A few days later he went to the magazine. "Do you have any letters for Box 45?" he asked. The Editor looked in Box45. "Yes, there is one." she said, and gave it to him. The monster opened the letter, and read, "Dear Monster, I think a person's character ( ) is more important than his appearance( ). I will wait outside Blake's Store on Friday. Please carry a flower so that I will recognize you. Yours sincerely, Alice Green. " Why was the monster unhappy?
<extra_id_0>He was so lonely.
<extra_id_1>He was ugly.
<extra_id_2>He had two heads.
<extra_id_3>He had three tails.
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<extra_id_5>Read the suggestions for making an English speech. a. Looking at and talking to one person in the audience helps keep you natural, but it feels foolish talking to only one person. Speak to that person as long as 15 seconds and then change another one. b. The audience have a hard time understanding what they hear. They need your help. Slow down, pause and guide the audience through your talk. Remember that you should help the audience understand what you are saying. c. Make your voice a little lower than normal. Listeners like to listen to a relatively deep voice. d. When you talk, try to be as natural as possible. Don't try to memorize your words and read or recite them to your audience. You can use short notes to help you remember the important points. e. You should know you and most of the people you talk to are different in many ways. Some of them may not know what you are talking about. Then speak to them on their terms and in their languages. f. Concentrate on what you want to say. If you are always paying attention to gestures ,you will feel uncomfortable. g. It's true that there are some differences between American English and British English, but they'll not cause much difficulty for listeners, so just speak the way you're used to. Choose a suggestion for each of the following students according to their problems. Paul: I don't think I can talk fluently because it's difficult for me to remember all the words.
<extra_id_0>a
<extra_id_1>b
<extra_id_2>c
<extra_id_3>d
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<extra_id_5>More than 40 countries, including Russia and Taiwan, have agreed to be founding members of China's proposed Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank. However, two of the world's largest economies, the United States and Japan, have _ at this time. China proposed the bank last October as a way to finance roads, bridges, ports and other needed infrastructureprojects in Asia. The time limit for joining as a founding member was March 31. In only a few months, the number of countries seeking membership nearly doubled. They came from Africa, Europe, South America, Asia and the Pacific. Some European powers added themselves to the list. They include Britain, Germany, France and Italy. Other important economies include South Korea, Australia and Russia. Taiwan also sought to become a founding member. But it is not clear how China will react. Taiwan and China do not have diplomatic ties. But, relations have improved since the election of President Ma Ying-jeou in 2008. The two sides also are working on details of a trade agreement. However, popular opposition in Taiwan to mainland China's increased influenceon the island remains very strong. The U.S. and Japan have said they are concerned about the governance of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, or AIIB. The United States has urged countries to consider details about the bank's governance and standards -- itssocialand environmental policy -- before joining. Critics say the AIIB threatens the work of existing development banks such as the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and the Asian Development Bank. Yet, the Asian Development Bank itself noted in a recent report that the need for infrastructure projects in Asia is great. The institution, led by the U.S. and Japan, estimated last May that the Asia Pacific area needed $800 billion each year in infrastructure development. Experts are watching to see how China will take its leadership role in the new bank. The AIIB is expected to start with $100 billion in capital, mostly from China. Some experts point to the high interest in membership. Shi Yinhong is a political scientist at Renmin University in Beijing. He says China's leading part in the bank comes withbenefitsand costs. In other words, while China has gained from the effort to develop the AIIB, it will also have to satisfy other bank members and multi-national institutions. Officials at the World Bank, International Monetary Fund and Asian Development Bank say they are looking for ways to cooperate with the AIIB. In what aspects do The United States and Japan show worry for AIIB?
<extra_id_0>Regulation and running
<extra_id_1>Raising money and investment
<extra_id_2>The number of joining countries
<extra_id_3>China's influence in it
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<extra_id_5>There was once a farmer. He lived near a road. It was not a busy road, but from time to time, cars passed the farm. Near the farm gate, there was a large hole in the road. This road was always full of water, and the drivers of the cars could not see how deep the hole was. They thought it was not deep. Then when they drove into the hole, they could not drive out because it was too deep. The farmer did not spend much time working on his farm. He spent most of it watching the hole. When a car drove into it, he pulled the car out with his tractor and the driver gave him a lot of money for doing this. One day, the driver of a car said to him, "You must make a lot of money by pulling cars out of this hole night and day." "Oh, no," the farmer said. "I don't pull cars out of the hole at night. At night I fill the hole with water." The farmer _ at night.
<extra_id_0>pulled cars out of the hole in the road
<extra_id_1>filled the hole with water
<extra_id_2>laughed at the drivers of the cars
<extra_id_3>worked on his farm
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<extra_id_5>With its 190 million inhabitants, Brazil has the largest population in Latin America and ranks fifth in the world. However, Brazil's population growth rate has dropped greatly and Brazilian women now have only 2.7 children on average. This achievement really becomes the envy of many other Third World countries. Brazil has become one of the developing world's great successes at reducing population growth-----but more by accident than design. While countries such as India have made joint efforts to reduce birth rates, Brazil has had a better result without really trying, says George Martine at Harvard. Martine _ , among other things, soap operas(TV series) and installment plans introduced in the 1970s. Both played an important, although indirect role in lowering the birth rate. Brazil is one of the world's biggest producers of soap operas. Globo, Brazil's most popular television network, shows three hours of soaps six nights a week, while three others show at least one hour a night. Most TV series are based on wealthy characters living the high life in big cities. "Although they have never really tried to work in a message towards the problems of reproduction , they describe middle and upper class values-----not many children, different attitudes towards sex, women working," says Martine. "They sent this image to all parts of Brazil and made people conscious of other patterns of behavior and other values, which were put into a very attractive package." Meanwhile, the installment plans tried to encourage the poor to become consumers. "This led to an enormous change in consumption patterns and showed that consumption was in contradiction with unlimited reproduction," says Martine. Soap operas are useful in lowering Brazil's birth rate because _ .
<extra_id_0>they have gradually changed people's way of life
<extra_id_1>people are drawn to their attractive package
<extra_id_2>they keep people sitting long hours watching TV
<extra_id_3>they popularize birth control measures
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<extra_id_5>Today people can use the phone to talk with others almost anywhere on the earth. But when you use the phone , you don't see the person you are talking with . That may change in the near future . Today some people are using a kind of telephone called the picture phone or vision phone. With _ , two people who are talking can see each other Picture phones can be useful when you have something to show the person you're calling . They may have other uses in the future. One day you may be able to ring up a library and ask to see a book. Then you'll be able to read the book right over your picture phone. Or you may be able to go shopping through your picture phone. If you see something in the newspaper that you think you want to buy, you'll go to your phone and call the shop . People at the shop will show you the thing you're interested in right over the phone. You'll be able to shop all over the town and never leave your room! We can _ through the picture phone according to the passage .
<extra_id_0>write a book
<extra_id_1>do some shopping
<extra_id_2>play games
<extra_id_3>have classes
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<extra_id_5>My Plan for Learning English Many students and teachers always ask this question"What's the best way to learn English well?"Different people have different answers.Here is my plan for learning English.It is based on my own experience in learning languages.It helped me when I learned English.I hope that it can help you,too. *Speak to Americans as much as possible. *Write,write,write--letters,e-mails,notes,etc. *Make phone calls to practise your English. *Watch TV and movies. *Listen to the radio. *Read as much as possible. It is important to believe that you will improve your English.Sometimes when you make plans,they seem very difficult.Progress comes little by little.Think about where you are today,and where you were last week or last month.Maybe it doesn't seem you have come very far.But if you stop and think about where you were six months ago,or even a year ago,then you will see your _ .That progress gives you hope.Keep on studying,and you will reach your goal sooner or later! Which of the following is NOT true about the writer?
<extra_id_0>He reads aloud in the morning.
<extra_id_1>He watches English movies.
<extra_id_2>He often writes English notes.
<extra_id_3>He sometimes speaks English with friends on the phone.
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<extra_id_5>One day Mr Smith went to a dinner party. He was wearing very old clothes. He came into the room, but people in the room didn't look at him. They didn't ask him to sit at the table. He wasn't happy. But he said nothing.Mr Smith went home quickly and put on his best clothes. He went back to the party. Everyone in the room stood up and looked at him. They gave him good food to eat.Mr Smith took off his coat, and put it on the food and said, "Eat, coat!" The other people were and asked, "What are you doing? Why do you do that?"Mr Smith answered, "I am asking my coat to eat food. When I wore old clothes, you didn't look at me. You didn't ask me to sit down. Now I am wearing these nice clothes. And you give me good food. Now see, you give the food to my coat, not to me." Why did he go home quickly?
<extra_id_0>Because he didn't want to stay at a restaurant.
<extra_id_1>Because he went home for his best clothes..
<extra_id_2>Because the people there asked him to leave
<extra_id_3>Because he didn't like the food there.
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<extra_id_5>When the dog named Judy spotted the first sheep in her life, she did what comes naturally. The four-year-old dog set off racing after the sheep across several fields and, being a city animal, lost both her sheep and her sense of direction. Then she ran along the edge of cliff( ) and fell 100 feet, bouncing off a rock into the sea. Her owner Mike Holden panicked and celled the coastguard of Cornwall, who turned up in seconds . Six volunteers slid down the cliff with the help of a rope but gave up all hope of finding her alive after a 90-minute search. Three days later, a hurricane hit the coast near Cornwall. Mr. Holden returned home from his holiday upset and convinced his pet was dead. He comforted himself with the thought she had died in the most beautiful part of the country. For the next two weeks, the Holdens were heartbroken . Then, one day, the phone rang and Steve Tregear, the coastguard of Cornwall, asked Holder if he would like his dog bark. A birdwatcher, armed with a telescope, found the pet sitting desperately on a rock. While he sounded the alarm, a student from Leeds climbed down the cliff to collect Judy. The dog had initially been knocked unconscious but had survived by drinking water from a fresh scream at the base of the cliff. She may have fed on the body of a sheep which had also fallen over the edge. "The dog was very thin and hungry," Steve Tregear said , "It was a very dog. She survived because of a plentiful supply of fresh water," he added. It was ,as Mr. Holden admitted, "a minor miracle ". What can we infer from the text?
<extra_id_0>People like to travel with their pets.
<extra_id_1>Judy was taken to the fields for hunting.
<extra_id_2>Luck plays a vital role in Judy's survival.
<extra_id_3>Holden cared little where Judy was buried.
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<extra_id_5>Have you ever looked toward the sky on a fall day and witnessed a group of migrating birds? If so, you probably noted the V-shaped formation of the birds or the birds flying in a ball-like formation. Why do birds fly this way? Many theories have been developed to explain the formation patterns of different types of birds. One theory is that birds fly in certain formations to take advantage of the laws of nature. The birds know that flying in a V-shaped pattern will save energy. Like the lead cyclist in a race who decreases wind force for the cyclists who follow, the lead bird cuts wind force for the birds that follow. This decrease in wind force means that the birds use up to 70 percent less energy during their flight. When the lead bird becomes tired, a more rested bird takes over that position. But saving energy is important for more than one reason. Sometimes food is short during migration flights. Keeping energy enables the birds to fly longer distances between meals. When food is sighted, the birds guide one another in a different way. When a bird identifies a familiar feeding area, it might turn around in order to signal the group to change direction. Then, this bird becomes the new leader. It helps guarantee that other birds will know exactly where it is going. Then the whole group makes a change in direction, gently streaming from the sky down to the ground. This formation is like an arrow pointing to the location of food. Scientists have also studied the birds that sometimes fly in a ball-like formation. Researchers believe that the birds come together if a predator is spotted. The predator may then become impatient waiting for a single bird to fly away from the group. The birds will often dip and dive as a group, frustrating even the most persistent enemy. Scientists report that this is a very effective method of defense against an attack. The birds care for their fellow fliers through teamwork. As transportation expert Henry Ford once said, "If everyone is moving forward together, then success takes care of itself." When it comes to teamwork, these feathered fliers are a soaring success! When food is sighted, _ .
<extra_id_0>the group follows the discoverer
<extra_id_1>the lead bird decides what to do
<extra_id_2>the discoverer leaves the group
<extra_id_3>the whole group forms a stream
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<extra_id_5>Mr. Clark worked in a newspaper, and he did a lot of important and difficult work, but then he began to forget things, and this made his work very difficult. One day he said to himself, "I'm going to go and see Dr. Martin about this." He waited in the doctor's waiting room with the other patients, and then the nurse said to him, "You can go in and see Dr. Martin now". "Oh, doctor," said Mr. Clark, 'it's terrible, I can't remember anything for longer than half a minute, and it's making my work very difficult. What can I do? Can you help me?" The doctor said, "When did this start, Mr. Clark?" "When did what start?" Mr. Clark said. Which statement is TURE?
<extra_id_0>Mr. Clark didn't know Mr. Martin before.
<extra_id_1>Mr. Clark should not see the doctor.
<extra_id_2>Mr. Clark could remember things as well as before.
<extra_id_3>Mr. Clark's illness was serious.
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<extra_id_5>In Google's vision of the future, people will be able to translate documents instantly into the world's main languages with machine logic, not expert linguists, leading the way. Google's approach, called statistical machine translation, differs from past efforts in which it does without language experts who program grammatical rules and dictionaries into computers. Instead, they feed documents humans have already translated into two languages and then rely on computers to decide patterns for future translations. Though the quality is not perfect, it is an improvement on previous efforts at machine translation, said Franz Och, 35, a German who heads Google's translation effort at its Mountain View headquarters south of San Francisco. "Some people who have been in machine translations for a long time see our Arabic-English output, and then they say, that's amazing; that's a breakthrough ." Said Och. "And then other people who have never seen what machine translation was read through the sentence and they say, the first mistake here in Line Five-it doesn't seem to work because there is a mistake there." But for some tasks, a mostly correct translation may be good enough. Speaking over lunch this week in a Google cafeteria famed for offering free, healthy food, Och showed a translation of an Arabic Web news site into easily digestible English. Two Google workers speaking Russian at a nearby table said, however, that a translation of a news site from English into their native tongue was understandable but a bit awkward. Och, who speaks German, English and some Italian, feeds hundreds of millions of words from parallel texts such as Arabic and English into the computer, using United Nations and European Union documents as key sources. Languages without considerable translated texts, such as some African languages, face greater obstacles. "The more data we feed into the system, the better it gets." said Och, who moved to the United States from Germany in 2002. The program applies statistical analysis, an approach he hopes will avoid diplomatic embarrassing mistakes in diplomatic situations, such as when Russian leader Putin's translator annoyed then German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder by calling him the German "Fuhrer ("leader" in English)," which is forbidden in that context because of its association with Adolf Hitler. "I would hope that the language model would say, well, Schroeder is...very rare but Bundeskanzler Gerhard Schroeder is probably 100 times more frequent than Fuhrer and then it would make the right decision." Och said. In what way is "Google's machine translation" different from previous ones?
<extra_id_0>Linguists guide the computer translation on Google.
<extra_id_1>International official papers are programmed as its major sources.
<extra_id_2>Rules and dictionaries are fed into computers to support it.
<extra_id_3>Google daily updates the program of this computer translation.
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<extra_id_5>Why can some people sleep through noises like a honking car or flushing toilet, while others are awakened by the lightest sound? To find the answer, sleep researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital conducted an unusual study of 12 self-described deep sleepers. After tests confirmed that the healthy volunteers were solid sleepers, they took part in a three-night study in the university's sleep laboratory. The participants spent the night in a big and comfortable room. But the room also included four speakers positioned near the top of the bed. During the night, the deep sleepers were subjected to 14 different recorded sounds, like street traffic, toilets flushing, an ice machine dispensing and an airplane flying overhead. Next door, the researchers monitored their sleep patterns and brain waves. As expected, all of the participants slept ly well, but there were differences in how they responded to the noisy interruptions. Some of the sleepers didn't wake up even when a sound was blasted at 70 decibels ; others were awakened by sounds at 40 or 50 decibels. The researchers discovered that the difference in a sleeper's reaction to noise could be predicted by the level of brain activity called "sleep spindles''. A sleep spindle is a burst of high-frequency brain activity coming from deep inside the brain during sleep. The source of the spindles is the thalamus, a part of the brain that sends sensory information to the rest of the cortex . Before the study, the Massachusetts researchers theorized that the spindles are the brain's way of preventing sensory information from passing through the thalamus and waking the rest of the brain during sleep. They found that the sleepers who experienced the most sleep spindles during the night were also the soundest sleepers and were least likely to be awakened by noise. Scientists already know that most people become lighter sleepers with age, most likely because older people experience less "slow wave sleep'', which is the deepest stage of sleep. People also produce fewer sleep spindles as they age. But even when controlling for the stage of sleep a person was in, the number of sleep spindles still predicted their risk for awakening because of noise. More research is needed, but the findings suggest that a better understanding of sleep spindles could lead to new behavioral or drug therapies for people with sleep disorders. For instance, future studies may try to determine whether diet, exercise or other behaviors may influence the number of sleep spindles a person produces during the night. From the passage we can predict _ .
<extra_id_0>more factors in influencing sleep spindles may be discovered
<extra_id_1>more solid sleepers will take part in experiments
<extra_id_2>sleep spindles will be applied to changing one's behaviors
<extra_id_3>deep sleepers will probably enjoy a more healthy life
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<extra_id_5>Healthy eating doesn't just mean what you eat, but how you eat. Here is some advice on healthy eating. Eat with others. It can help you to see others' healthy eating habits. If you usually eat with your parents, you will find that the food you eat is more delicious. Listen to your body. Ask yourself if you are really hungry. Have a glass of water to see if you are thirsty, sometimes you are just thirsty, you need no food. Stop eating before you feel full. Eat breakfast. Breakfast is the most important meal of the day. After you don't eat for the past ten hours, your body needs food to get you going. You will be smarter after eating breakfast. Eat healthy snacks like fruit, yogurt or cheese. We all need snacks sometimes. In fact, it's a good idea to eat two healthy snacks between your three meals. This doesn't mean that you can eat a bag of chips instead of a meal. Don't eat dinner late. With our busy life, we always put off eating dinner until the last minute. Try to eat dinner at least 3 hours before you go to bed. This will give your body a chance to _ most of the food before you rest for the next 8-10 hours. What's the writer's advice on healthy snacks?
<extra_id_0>Not eating snacks at all.
<extra_id_1>Eating enough every day.
<extra_id_2>Eating as many as you can.
<extra_id_3>Eating some when necessary.
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<extra_id_5>Mr. Clark was a very busy man. He always worked hard. He often forgot his family's birthdays.Yesterday afternoon, he remembered it was Mrs. Clark, his wife's birthday. He loved his wife. He wanted to give her a gift. On his way home from his hospital he bought some nice flowers in a shop. When Mr. Clark got home, he gave his wife the flowers and said," Happy birthday to you, dear! It's September 28thtoday. I remembered your birthday this year." Mrs. Clark laughed and said ," My birthday was the day before yesterday. But thank you all the same. Better later than never!" Mrs. Clark _ when she got the gift.
<extra_id_0>wasn't happy
<extra_id_1>was happy
<extra_id_2>was busy cooking
<extra_id_3>was at cook
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<extra_id_5>A few months ago, Dr. Ken Duckworth, a psychiatrist in Massachusetts, was swimming in his community's pool, chatting with other swimmers. When he mentioned his career, one man wanted Duckworth's opinion on his struggles with depression; another asked for advice on a family member's mental illness. "I was sort of amazed. They were talking openly about their mental disabilities with a stranger in a swimming locker room, " said Duckworth, "That wouldn't have happened 15 years ago. " New research shows that these swimmers aren't the only ones opening up. According to a new study, more American adults than ever are reporting being disabled by the symptoms of depression, anxiety or other emotional problems. The report, published Thursday in the American Journal of Public Health, found that people who said they couldn't perform everyday tasks or engage in social and leisure activities because of a mental illness increased from 2 percent in 1999 to 2.7 percent in 2009. That increase amounts to nearly 2 million more people disabled by mental distress in the past decade, the report said. Although people did not say they felt more mental distressed compared to past years, they reported that their mental health problems had a greater impact on their daily lives. Dr. Ramin Mojtabai, the study's author, said it's unclear whether the findings tell a sad story of greater mental distress in recent times or point to a victory for public education about the importance of acknowledging and evaluating mental illness. "It is possible that people are realizing the effects of mental illness more acutely now than before," he said. "People could be becoming more aware. " Mojtabai said it's also possible that a number of factors could be taking a toll on the population's mental well-being. High unemployment, economic hardships and a growing sense of isolation could be putting greater stress on Americans. But Duckworth said there could be a more positive explanation -- like his fellow swimmers, people may be getting more comfortable with talking about their mental distress. "I wonder if this tells us that American culture is becoming more open and is giving people the ability to speak about it," he said. "If people have this problem and are willing to acknowledge it, then we're getting closer to dealing with it." What does the underline phrase "taking a toll on" in para.8 mean?
<extra_id_0>making a contribution to
<extra_id_1>taking part in
<extra_id_2>playing a part in
<extra_id_3>doing harm to
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<extra_id_5>It's puzzling, isn't it? No matter where you try to tickle yourself, even on the soles of your feet or under your arms, you just can't. To understand why, you need to know more about how your brain works. One of its main tasks is to try to make good guesses about what's going to happen next. While you're busy getting on with your life, walking downstairs or eating your breakfast, parts of your brain are always trying to predict the future. Remember when you first learned how to ride a bicycle? At first, it took a lot of concentration to keep the handlebars steady and push the pedals . But after a while, cycling became easy. Now you're not aware of the movements you make to keep the bike going. From experience, your brain knows exactly what to expect so your body rides the bike automatically. Your brain is predicting all the movements you need to make. You only have to think consciously about cycling if something changes---like if there's a strong wind or you get a flat tyre. When something unexpected happens like this, your brain is forced to change its predictions about what will happen next. If it does its job well, you'll adjust to the strong wind, leaning your body so you don't fall. Why is it so important for our brains to predict what will happen next? It helps us make fewer mistakes and can even save our lives. For example, when a chief fireman sees a fire, he immediately makes decisions about how best to position his men. His past experiences help him foresee what might happen and choose the best plan for fighting the fire. His brain can instantly predict how different plans would work out, and he can _ any bad or dangerous plans without putting his men at risk in real life. So how does all this answer your question about tickling? Because your brain is always predicting your own actions, and how your body will feel as a result, you cannot tickle yourself. Other people can tickle you because they can surprise you. You can't predict what their tickling actions will be. The passage is probably taken from _ .
<extra_id_0>a scientific report for experts
<extra_id_1>a textbook for medical students
<extra_id_2>a book for children
<extra_id_3>a research paper for doctors
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<extra_id_5>Is war unavoidable? Can war be prevented? History tells that there were wars, great or small, in every century, in every decade. Throughout the ages, from the Stone age to the Atomic Age, men have been fighting, first with swords and shields , then with guns and cannons, and now, hydrogen bombs and missiles are used for military purpose. But, in spite of all these, it is still my belief that war can be prevented and peace can be won, but it requires the effort of every one of us. I am sure that we would not like to experience another world war. If it ever happens, two-thirds of the world and much of the civilization which men have gained through time, patience and effort will be destroyed. Will then the remaining one-third of the world be able to survive on its own? Our task now is not to blame the past, but to plan for the future. If there is peace in the world, men can use their rockets to explore the mystery of space, their submarines to explore the depth of the sea, their missiles to deliver mails and their fine equipment to penetrate the jungles of Africa, instead of using them military. Governments can use their money to build more schools, so that more children can be educated to be useful citizens. Scientists can use atomic energy to propel steamships and planes. They can also design new machines to increase the production of goods and thus improve the way of living of the people. How can a peaceful world be achieved? It requires, in my opinion, the understanding and friendship between all people from all nations. Let no one suffer discrimination by reason of color, race, religion, or national origin. Let the rich support the poor and the strong help the weak. We know that neither peace nor such a dream world can come true in a day or a month. It may even take decades or centuries. But let us plan and begin now. The best title for this passage is _ .
<extra_id_0>The Past and the Future
<extra_id_1>To Die or To Survive
<extra_id_2>War and Peace
<extra_id_3>Understanding and Friendship
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<extra_id_5>About twenty years ago I had the pleasure of teaching a disabled young woman. Not only was she good at math and science, but she was also extremely talented in art. She could draw and paint beautifully. When Audrey graduated from university she got two degrees, one in fine arts and one in chemistry. Not too many people do well in two such different areas of study. Just before her high school graduation, Audrey gave me a wonderful gift. It was a watercolor1 painting of a mother and her baby. A tear fell from the mother's eye as she looked lovingly at her child. Beneath the painting Audrey had written these words: "The deep love from Mother, through me, touches another." What a beautiful gift! I had the piece of art framed(...) and hung in my office. Years passed with many moves from one office to another and I lost the painting. Last year, after about eight years of not knowing where it was, I received a phone from a former colleague who said she had something of mine. It was the picture Audrey had painted for me 18 years ealier. When cleaning out a storage room she had discovered my gift. I was struck that the precious gift came back. I knew Audrey very well. When she was four years old Audrey had a serious disease. What's worse, her father left the house. It was her mother who brought her up with much trouble. She survived the disease but was disabled. To any other it is just a painting, but to me it shows how a mother's love has helped develop a talent and how its power pushes me ahead. What made Audrey different from others was that she _ .
<extra_id_0>could draw and paint beautifullly
<extra_id_1>was good at math and chemistry
<extra_id_2>got two degrees in two different fields
<extra_id_3>was a student in a key university
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<extra_id_5>According to one story the idea for making the first teddy bear came from a newspaper cartoon drawn in 1904. This cartoon showed President Teddy Roosevelt on a hunting trip refusing to shoot a young bear. The young bear became a symbol for Teddy Roosevelt. Morris Michtom owned a small candy and toy store in New York City. He and his wife made many of the toys they sold. When he saw the cartoon,he had a wonderful idea. He decided to make a toy bear with eyes and legs and arms that moved. The bear was put in the store window next to a copy of the cartoon. Mr . Michtom called it "Teddy's Bear". Many of these bears were sold. The bears became so popular that Mr . Michtom thought he might need President Roosevelt' permission to use his name. He wrote to the president and sent him a "Teddy Bear". The president answered,saying that Mr. Michtom could use his name. Mr . Michtom borrowed money so that he could make thousands of toy bears. His company became the Ideal Toy Corporation. Today this is one of the biggest toy companies in the United States. People will remember Morris Michtom because he was _
<extra_id_0>a candy store owner
<extra_id_1>a toy store owner
<extra_id_2>the inventor of the teddy bear
<extra_id_3>Teddy Roosevelt' friend
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<extra_id_5>An Announcement It was a small town which lay by the coast.Most people there lived by catching fish.The hurricanes often struck the area from July to October.Some of the people died on the sea when their boats were blown over by the high winds.So they paid much attention to the weather forecasts.They were afraid to meet with the hurricanes when they were catching fish on the sea.Each of the families had a radio and people always took them with themselves and listened to them at any time. It was September.A hurricane attacked the town one night.Plenty of trees were pushed over and all the electric and telephone lines were broken.People couldn't watch TV,or call their friends,or go to work.To their anger,they couldn't listen to the weather forecasts the Town Radio Station broadcast.The food and fresh water would soon be short and the patients couldn't be given medical care--no medicine could be carried there.People didn't know what would happen and they looked anxious. On the fourth day they read an announcement on the Town Weekly.It was written,"Recently we have to stop the weather forecast because of the bad weather.We usually get the forecasts from the airport.But the roads are all blocked by the fallen trees and stones.Whether or not we'll be able to broadcast the weather forecast tomorrow depends on the weather!" The people in the town often took radios with themselves because _ .
<extra_id_0>they felt lonely when catching fish on the sea and listened to the weather forecasts
<extra_id_1>they were interested in the weather forecasts
<extra_id_2>they couldn't watch TV on the sea
<extra_id_3>they hoped to listen to some good news
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<extra_id_5>Old people are always saying that the young are not what they were. The same comment is made from generation to generation and it is always true. It has never been truer than it is today. The young are better educated. They have a lot more money to spend and enjoy more freedom. They grow up more quickly and are not so dependent on their parents. They think more for themselves and do not blindly accept the life goals of their elders. Events which the older generation remembers vividly are nothing more than past history. This is as it should be. Every new generation is different from the one before. Today the difference is very noticeable indeed. The old always believe that they know best for the simple reason that they have been around a bit longer. They don't like to feel that their values are being questioned or threatened. And this is exactly what the young are doing. Wouldn't people work best if they were given complete freedom and responsibility? And what about clothing? Who said that all the men in the world should wear dull grey suits and very short haircuts? Who said that human differences can best be solved through normal politics or by violent means? Why have the older generation so often used violence to solve their problems? Why are they so unhappy and guilty in their personal lives, so occupied with mean ambitions and the desire to collect more and more wealth? Haven't the old lost touch with all that is important in life? These are not questions the older generation can shrug off lightly. Their record over the past forty years or so hasn't been exactly spotless. Traditionally, the young have turned to their elders for guidance. Today, the situation might be opposite. The old--if they are prepared to admit it--could learn a thing or two from their children. One of the biggest lessons they could learn is that enjoyment is not wrong. Enjoyment is a principle one could apply to all aspects of life. It is surely not wrong to enjoy your work and enjoy your free time. It is surely not wrong to live in the present rather than in the past or future. This emphasis on the present is only to be expected because the young have grown up under the shadow of the bomb: the constant threat of complete annihilation . This is just what the older generation has passed down to them. Why do old people always think they know best?
<extra_id_0>Because they have been around the young for a longer time.
<extra_id_1>Because they have experienced more than the young.
<extra_id_2>Because they hate their values being questioned by the young.
<extra_id_3>Because they think the young should follow their lifestyle.
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<extra_id_5>One of the world's richest men has taken a close interest in one of man's most basic functions: visiting the toilet.Bill Gates's charitable organization, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, is looking for inventors to design the loo of the future, which, they hope, would improve sanitation for millions of people around the world. So, what's wrong with the traditional flush toilet? Firstly, it wastes a huge amount, of potential drinking water.Secondly, they are more likely to cause pollution.This is a real problem in many areas of the developing world, where, according to United Nations estimates, unsafe sanitation causes half of all hospitalizations.Younger people are particularly at risk.Illnesses which cause diarrhea are responsible for the deaths of about 1.5 million children a year.Finally, standard lavatories simply aren't practical in remote areas. The challenge set by Bill Gates was to come up with a _ which works without running water, electricity or aseptic tank.It also needed to operate for less than 5 cents.28 designs were displayed at the recent Reinvent the Toilet Fair.in Seattle, USA.Among them was one which turned human waste into electricity using microwaves, another which converted human waste into charcoal, and yet another which used urine for flushing. But the winner was a solar-powered design which generated hydrogen gas and electricity.The team from the California Institute of Technology(CIT)picked up a prize of $ 100,000. But clearly Bill Gates doesn't feel he's _ .After the Seattle event he said, "We, couldn't be happier with the response we've gotten," Gates has even pledged $370 million more to the future toilet project.They hope to field test more, prototypes over the next three years. If someone "flush money down the toilet", they are _ .
<extra_id_0>wasting money for nothing
<extra_id_1>being angry with their work conditions
<extra_id_2>showing--off their wealth
<extra_id_3>expressing their great determination
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<extra_id_5>Was the London Olympics a success? Many people hold different opinions. However one thing is certain, London could win a gold medal for hosting the "greenest" Games ever, BBC News reported. Previous Olympic hosts have been criticized for the environmental damage they have caused through construction, waste. and transport. But things had to be different in London because seven years ago it bid for the Olympics through the concept of "a One Planet Olympics". What is most impressive is that London used the construction of the Olympic Park as an opportunity to clean up polluted areas -- 2 million tons of contaminated soil were removed and 200 old factory buildings, were torn down, according to sustainablebusiness.com. But that's not all --. 99 percent of the debris were reused to build the Olympic Park. For example, part of the Olympic Stadium's roof is made from 2,500 tons of steel tubes recycled from old gas pipelines. As well as using recycled materials, all venues were built with green building techniques. The Olympic Stadium is the lightest one ever built, which _ the amount of steel and concrete needed. Also, the handball field has lighting pipes on the roof that reduce electricity use by 40 percent, according to sustainablebusiness.com. The effort that London made to deal with waste also deserves praise. Water used for drinking and watering plants was from collected rainwater or recycled wastewater. In this way. about 30-40 percent less water was used in total. Waste food packages were either recycled or processed and turned into renewable energy. As one of the best connected places in Europe, London tried to solve traffic jams by encouraging the use of public transport. For example, it had trains deliver half of the building materials, instead of cars, which greatly reduced carbon emissions. The clean anti-doping result also added to the greenness of the Games. The International Olympics Committee (IOC) said that the devices used this time were the most accurate and advanced. Only one athlete tested positive for a banned drug on the day of competing, which is why the IOC President, Jacques Rogge, has praised anti-doping efforts at the London Games. What can we conclude from the article?
<extra_id_0>The London Olympics cost less than the other Olympics ever held.
<extra_id_1>London has possessed the most advanced techniques to deal with waste.
<extra_id_2>Public transport is made good use of in London during the Olympic games.
<extra_id_3>The anti-doping result in the London Olympics turned out to be dissatisfactory.
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<extra_id_5>Shanghai is a nice city. The weather here is mild , that is, it is neither too hot nor too cold. It changes from season to season. Now many tall buildings have been set up one after another. But at the same time, the city is full of people. As a result, the traffic is terrible. Traffic jams happen during the rush hours. If you want to go to a place far away, the fastest way is neither driving, nor riding a bike. It is often walking! The policemen in Shanghai are very helpful. Visitors can ask them for help if they lose their way or lose something. But when you disobey the traffic rules, they will be very strict with you. A lot of people in Shanghai can speak English. Travellers from English speaking countries feel at home here. Welcome to Shanghai. The policemen in Shanghai are always ready to _ .
<extra_id_0>disobey
<extra_id_1>work
<extra_id_2>talk
<extra_id_3>help
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<extra_id_5>Why do people smoke? One reason is that people become addicted to cigarettes. The addictive substance in cigarettes is nicotine . When people smoke, the nicotine goes right into the blood stream and makes people feel comfortable. A smoker's body gets used to the nicotine, and if he stops smoking, he feels nervous. Many smokers try to stop smoking but because of the addiction to nicotine they feel so uncomfortable that they often find it too difficult _ . Another reason is that people simply enjoy smoking. Having a cigarette for many people means taking a break. For some people smoking becomes part of certain social rituals , for example, sending the cigarette after dinner. Many people enjoy smoking because it gives them something to do with their hands. Reaching for a cigarette, lighting it and flicking the ashes are special comfort in a situation where they feel nervous. Many people also like the taste of tar in cigarettes. However, it is the tar that causes cancer. While governments and health experts have tried to get people to give up smoking completely, cigarette manufacturers have tried to keep selling them by producing cigarettes with less tar. Many people in western countries have welcomed these cigarettes since they found it hard to stop smoking and wanted to reduce the danger to their health. According to the passage, what gets people into the habit of smoking?
<extra_id_0>The cigarette.
<extra_id_1>Nicotine.
<extra_id_2>Tar.
<extra_id_3>Blood.
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<extra_id_5>Dear Teresa Silva, The official of the university has reported to us that you are an English major who meets the high standards for membership in Sigma Tau Delta. As is known, Sigma Tau Delta was founded in 1924 at Dakota Wesleyan University. It is an international collegiate honor societyfor students of English. It presently has over 850 chapters in theUnited States, Europe, the Middle East, and theCaribbean. Over 9,000 new members are admitted into the organization annually. Sigma Tau Delta's purpose is to promote literature and writing and to advance the study of the written word. Members gather annually in the spring at the international meeting to present papers and share experiences and ideas within the English subject. The Society offers tens of thousands of dollars in scholarships, awards, as well as publication chances in its journals The Rectangle and The Sigma Tau Delta Review. It is our pleasure if you can complete the application for Sigma Tau Delta membership. If you would like to be included in this spring's induction ceremony, please complete the application form, and include amount to cover both local and international fees. Your completed form must be received by date to be considered for the upcoming induction ceremony. We congratulate you on your outstanding academic record and hope you will join us as a Sigma Tau Delta member. If you want to get more information, please visit our website www.sigmataudelta.org, or give us a call. The phone number is 583-2864. Sincerely, Emily Lister According to the passage, Sigma Tau Delta _ .
<extra_id_0>deals with language learning
<extra_id_1>opens its door to all the students of English
<extra_id_2>changes its members every year
<extra_id_3>mainly takes charge of scientific publications
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<extra_id_5>Mark Twain's First Money Mark Twain was asked one day if he could remember the first money he ever earned. He thought a long time and then said , "Yes, it was at school.I can remember everything about it .School boys in those days did not take good care of their chairs and desks.There was a rule in our school that if anyone damaged his desk or chair, he would have to pay five dollars or the teacher would beat him in front of the whole school." "One day I damaged my desk in some way, I had to pay five dollars or be beaten before the whole school.My father said it would be too bad to have our family disgraced in front of the whole school.He agreed to give me five dollars to hand over the teacher.But before he gave me the money, he took me upstairs and gave me a beating." "But as I had one beating and I decided I would take another beating at school and keep the five dollars.So that's what I did.That was the first money I ever earned." The school made the rule so that they could _ .
<extra_id_0>teach the students well
<extra_id_1>give the students a beating
<extra_id_2>keep the desks and chairs well
<extra_id_3>ask the students for more money
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<extra_id_5>Once upon a time, there lived a rich man. He had a servant . He and the servant loved wine and good food very much. Each time the rich man left his home, the servant would drink the wine and eat up all the nice food in the house. The rich man knew what his servant did, but he had never caught his servant doing that. One morning, when he left home, he said to the servant, "Here are two bottles of poison and some nice food in the house. You must take good care of them." With these words, he went out. But the servant knew that the rich man had said was untrue. After the rich man was away from his home, he enjoyed a nice meal. Because he drank too much, he was drunk and fell to the ground. When the rich man came back, he couldn't find his food and his wine. He became very angry. He woke the servant up. But the servant told his story very well. He said a cat had eaten up everything. He was afraid to be punished , so he drank the poison to kill himself. The rich man knew that it was _ that drank the wine and ate up all the nice food.
<extra_id_0>the cat
<extra_id_1>himself
<extra_id_2>nobody
<extra_id_3>the servant
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<extra_id_5>In our old neighborhood, neighbors chatted over fences. Newcomers were welcomed with chocolate and bread. It had been easy to find friends there. Our new community was different. It seemed that family roots grew deep. Deep as the Mississippi river that flowed past the tiny river town. We'd moved to decrease my husband's commute to work. Only thirty miles. After living there for six months, I was ready to move back home. I was lonely for a friend. My three boys were lonely. My husband, Lonny, fared okay, but he spent his days at work. Lonny noticed my sinking disposition. "Shawnelle, you look unapproachable," he said. He and I were sitting in lawn chairs. Samuel, our three-year-old son sat in his own little chair. "What do you mean?" "Body language. You placed our chairs fifteen yards away from everyone else." "It doesn't matter. I'm not going to have friends here. " Just then Samuel looked up. "Mom's right, Dad. And we just want to go home. " That's when I knew that I needed an adjustment. I didn't want my boys to learn that the way to work through a tough time was to use a wounded and bitter attitude. Over the next few months I smiled when I didn't feel like it. We signed up for reading programs at the library and frequented parks and the bike path along the river. One afternoon Samuel and I clambered up the stairs to the library activity room. A woman who I hadn't seen before sat at an oblong table with a tiny boy. "Hi," she said. "I'm Tammy. Do you need a seat? There's one right here." I sat down next to Tammy. Soon class was over, and I still had a lot to say. "Why don't you come over later?" Tammy asked. "I live on a farm. There's plenty of room for the kids to run. " We went. And since that day, we've been back a million times. When I look back, I'm grateful for that tough time. I learned to persevere. I'm glad I didn't give up. And as for my boys, they learned a lesson too. "Keep moving forward," is what I tell them. "Your heart will follow." Why did the writer move to a new neighborhood?
<extra_id_0>To find a part-time job in the library.
<extra_id_1>To make new friends with the local people.
<extra_id_2>To enjoy the beauty of the Mississippi River
<extra_id_3>To make her husband go to work conveniently
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<extra_id_5>The origination of the "gap year" concept came in the decade following the Second World War when youth travel and cultural exchange was discussed among governments as a useful tool to create more of a global understanding to prevent future global wars. However, the first gap years actually started in the UK in the 1960s when the Baby-Boomer generation in the midst of the Swinging Sixties headed off to India on the infamous Hippie Trails ,inventing the independent travel market. Australian Graham "Screw" Turner, based in London in 1973, loaded a double-decker bus with the first paying customers and drove them to Kathmandu. They arrived three weeks late. Top Deck Travel, the company he founded, still exists today. In 1979 another Australian, Dick Porter, founded STA Travel to bring in the final piece of the puzzle. It was a high street travel agent for students and youth (those under 26) with which he was able to develop global youth travel as he opened student travel agencies around the world. In the UK in the 1980s the Baby-Boomers were accustomed to family life with their young children and so traveling less, and the next generation were influenced by the addiction to money, careers and wealth. The housing market crash meant fewer funds available for parents to fund youth travel. But steady UK and global growth continued as STA Travel opened up branches around the world. A combination of the Baby-Boomer's children reaching 18 (whose parents encouraged world travel as they did in their youth), the UK coming out of decline and new, exciting, color1ful media channels to bring gap year products to market resulted in an explosion of activity in the UK in the 1990s as gap year travel and gap year volunteering took off pre-, during, and post-university. Demand grew, prices for air travel fell, and the roots of it becoming a tradition of growth were set. The modern gap year pioneers came in the form of Tom Griffiths and Peter Pedrick who brought the gap year market onto the web in 1988 with the launch of www.gapyear.com. The two pioneers have invented products, offerings, phrases, and concepts that form the frame of the global gap year industry seen today. Known as the gap year guru. Tom Griffiths is recognized as a global authority on gap years and acts as a media spokesperson around the world. In the 1980s, the youth travel was in a period of _ .
<extra_id_0>boom
<extra_id_1>decline
<extra_id_2>crash
<extra_id_3>development
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<extra_id_5>My name is Susan. I am a junior high school student. I like my school and my friends. I like my school because we have good teachers. They teach us many things. But then, I don't understand lots of things about school. I don't understand why we have to take so many tests . I have to take a heavy school bag with many books in it. I may have a test anytime. I don't like taking tests all the time. I wonder if I like my school life. It is hard for me to answer this kind of question. On one hand I am not happy because there are so many tests in the school; on the other hand I am happy because I can learn a lot and I can make good friends in school. . We can know that Susan's school life is _ .
<extra_id_0>pretty good
<extra_id_1>very boring
<extra_id_2>so interesting
<extra_id_3>not relaxing
<extra_id_4>
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<extra_id_5>Dolphins and sharks are showing up in surprisingly shallow water just off the Florida coast. Mullets, crabs, rays and small fish gather by the thousands off an Alabama pirer. Birds covered in oil are crawling deep into marshes , never to be seen again. Marine scientists studying the effects of the BP disaster are seeing some strange phenomena. Fish and other wildlife seem to be fleeing the oil out in the Gulf and clustering in cleaner waters along the coast in a trend that some researchers see as a potentially troubling sign. The animals' presence close to shore means their usual habitat is badly polluted, and the crowding could result in mass die-offs as fish run out of oxygen. Also, the animals could easily be captured by their enemies. The nearly two-month-old spill has created an environmental disaster in US history as tens of millions of gallons have flown into the Gulf of Mexico ecosystem. Scientists are seeing some unusual things as they try to understand the effects on thousands of species of marine life. For nearly four hours Monday, a three-person crew with Greenpeace cruised past delicate islands and mangrove-dotted inlets in Barataria Bay off southern Louisiana. They saw dolphins by the dozen frolicking in the oily sheen and oil-tinged pelicans feeding their young. But they spotted no dead animals. "I think part of the reason why we're not seeing more yet is that the impacts of this crisis are really just beginning," Greenpeace marine biologist John Hocevar said. The counting of dead wildlife in the Gulf is more than an academic exercise; the deaths will help determine how much BP pays in damages. What is John Hocevar's attitude towards the disaster?
<extra_id_0>Worried.
<extra_id_1>Disappointed.
<extra_id_2>Depressed.
<extra_id_3>Hesitant.
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<extra_id_5>In 1970, my five brothers, my sister and I lived in the housing projects of Toronto with our parents. My father was a factory worker, and my mother stayed at home. Each year my father would dress up as Santa Claus and go through the streets of the projects sharing joy and candies with the children there. He loved it as much as they did! But around the Christmas in 1970, my father was out of his job and money was tight. In fact, there was no money for Christmas and my parents weren't sure what they'd provide for us. That Christmas Eve, however, as usual, my father left the house dressed as Santa Claus. He knew that even though our Christmas would be hard, he could not disappoint the other kids in the neighborhood.[:,,] As my father left the house and went down the walkway, Santa Claus was walking up, with a great sack full of gifts for us! He said nothing, only smiled a sweet smile at my father, and wished him a Merry Christmas. The happy man handed Dad the sack and walked away down the block. We never knew who the man was and who showed us great kindness on a snowy Christmas night. We do know, however, that without him we would have had nothing under the tree. His kindness gave my parents hope and showed us in a very real way the true meaning of Christmas. Our family has never forgotten this kind stranger. Each year we tell the story of the mysterious Santa Claus and try to repay his gifts by giving gifts to others in need. It can be inferred that _ .
<extra_id_0>the mysterious Santa Claus was one of their relatives
<extra_id_1>the mysterious Santa Claus was a rich man in the area
<extra_id_2>the sack from the mysterious Santa Claus was very expensive
<extra_id_3>the author's family were all thankful to the mysterious Santa Claus
<extra_id_4>
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<extra_id_5>Rocky Lyons was five years old when his mother, Kelly, was driving along the country road with him. He was asleep on the front seat of their truck, with his feet resting on her lap. As his mom drove carefully down the winding country road, she turned onto a narrow bridge. The truck hit a rock and slid off the road. She attempted to bring it back up onto the road by pressing hard on the gas pedal and turning the steering wheel to the left. But Rocky's foot got caught between her leg and the steering wheel and she lost control of the truck.[ X.JTYJY.COM/] The truck fell into a 20-foot ravine . When it hit bottom, Rocky woke up. "What happened, Mama?" he asked. "Our wheels are pointing toward the sky." Kelly was seriously wounded and blinded by blood. "I'll get you out, Mama," announced Rocky, who had surprisingly escaped injury. He climbed out from under Kelly, slid through the open window and tried to yank his mother out. But she didn't move. "Just let me sleep," begged Kelly, who was out of consciousness. Rocky insisted, "Mom, you can't go to sleep." Rocky managed to push Kelly out of the truck and told her he'd climb up to the road and stop a car to get help. Fearing that no one would be able to see her little boy in the dark, Kelly refused to let him go alone. Instead they slowly moved up to the road. The pain was so great that Kelly wanted to give up, but Rocky wouldn't let her. Rocky kept repeating the inspirational phrase, "I know you can, I know you can." When they finally reached the road, Rocky broke into tears seeing his mother's torn face clearly for the first time. Waving his arms and shouting, "Please stop!" the boy stopped a truck. His mother was sent to hospital. It took 8 hours to rebuild Kelly's face. She looks quite different today---"I used to have a straight long nose, thin lips and high cheekbones; now I've got a flat cheeks and much bigger lips"--- but she has few scars and has recovered from her injuries. Rocky's heroics were big news. Everyone was surprised at this little boy's power. "It's not like I wanted it to happen," The boy explained. " I just did what anyone would have done." "If it weren't for Rocky, I'd have died," said his mother. When he woke up, Rocky _ .
<extra_id_0>was frightened by his mother's blood
<extra_id_1>found his mother had fallen asleep
<extra_id_2>was stuck against the door of the truck
<extra_id_3>found the car was turned over
<extra_id_4>
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<extra_id_5>After record increase in over 40 countries, Universal Robots' lightweight robotic arms are now making their US debut at this year's International Manufacturing Trade Show (IMTS) in Chicago. The UR5 robotic arm made by Universal Robots has been announced officially "The world's most innovative robot" by The International Federation of Robotics and IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) Robotics and Automation Society. The US audience will now see the award-winning robot -- along with its big brother UR10 -- for the first time. The UR5 and UR10 robotic arms are aimed at small-sized companies that thought robots were too expensive and hard to operate in existing production. The robotic arms are easily moved around the production area and present a simple user interface which lets workers quickly operate them. Esben Ostergaard, founder and CTO (Chief Technical Officer) at Universal Robots, explains how the robots were designed to be as user--friendly as possible: "We decided to make programming easy by developing a user interface worked together with a "teaching function" allowing the user to simply took hold of the robot arm and show _ how a movement should be done. The robot can work in any production process very quickly. Our experience shows this is generally done in a few hours." The robots weigh as little as 40 pounds, making it possible for them to be moved around the production area to do different tasks. The UR5 can handle a load of up to 5 kilos (11 pounds), the UR10, 10 kilos (22 pounds). As soon as a worker touches the robot arm and uses a force of at least 150 Newton, the robot arm will automatically stop operating. What's the text mainly about?
<extra_id_0>An introduction to Universal Robots' new robots.
<extra_id_1>The difference between the UR5 and the UR10.
<extra_id_2>Why the UR5 and the UR10 were invented.
<extra_id_3>How to operate the UR5 and the UR10.
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