mm-eval/MMBench-en · Datasets at Hugging Face

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241	Identify the question that Madelyn and Tucker's experiment can best answer.	The passage below describes an experiment. Read the passage and then follow the instructions below. Madelyn applied a thin layer of wax to the underside of her snowboard and rode the board straight down a hill. Then, she removed the wax and rode the snowboard straight down the hill again. She repeated the rides four more times, alternating whether she rode with a thin layer of wax on the board or not. Her friend Tucker timed each ride. Madelyn and Tucker calculated the average time it took to slide straight down the hill on the snowboard with wax compared to the average time on the snowboard without wax. Figure: snowboarding down a hill.	B	Does Madelyn's snowboard slide down a hill in less time when it has a thin layer of wax or a thick layer of wax?	Does Madelyn's snowboard slide down a hill in less time when it has a layer of wax or when it does not have a layer of wax?	nan	nan	identity_reasoning	scienceqa	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev	<image>Hint: The passage below describes an experiment. Read the passage and then follow the instructions below. Madelyn applied a thin layer of wax to the underside of her snowboard and rode the board straight down a hill. Then, she removed the wax and rode the snowboard straight down the hill again. She repeated the rides four more times, alternating whether she rode with a thin layer of wax on the board or not. Her friend Tucker timed each ride. Madelyn and Tucker calculated the average time it took to slide straight down the hill on the snowboard with wax compared to the average time on the snowboard without wax. Figure: snowboarding down a hill. Question: Identify the question that Madelyn and Tucker's experiment can best answer. <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:Does Madelyn's snowboard slide down a hill in less time when it has a thin layer of wax or a thick layer of wax?:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:Does Madelyn's snowboard slide down a hill in less time when it has a layer of wax or when it does not have a layer of wax?:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
252	Which of the following could Laura and Isabella's test show?	People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. The passage below describes how the engineering-design process was used to test a solution to a problem. Read the passage. Then answer the question below. Laura and Isabella were making batches of concrete for a construction project. To make the concrete, they mixed together dry cement powder, gravel, and water. Then, they checked if each batch was firm enough using a test called a slump test. They poured some of the fresh concrete into an upside-down metal cone. They left the concrete in the metal cone for 30 seconds. Then, they lifted the cone to see if the concrete stayed in a cone shape or if it collapsed. If the concrete in a batch collapsed, they would know the batch should not be used. Figure: preparing a concrete slump test.	B	if the concrete from each batch took the same amount of time to dry	if a new batch of concrete was firm enough to use	nan	nan	physical_property_reasoning	scienceqa	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev	<image>Hint: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. The passage below describes how the engineering-design process was used to test a solution to a problem. Read the passage. Then answer the question below. Laura and Isabella were making batches of concrete for a construction project. To make the concrete, they mixed together dry cement powder, gravel, and water. Then, they checked if each batch was firm enough using a test called a slump test. They poured some of the fresh concrete into an upside-down metal cone. They left the concrete in the metal cone for 30 seconds. Then, they lifted the cone to see if the concrete stayed in a cone shape or if it collapsed. If the concrete in a batch collapsed, they would know the batch should not be used. Figure: preparing a concrete slump test. Question: Which of the following could Laura and Isabella's test show? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:if the concrete from each batch took the same amount of time to dry:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:if a new batch of concrete was firm enough to use:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
253	Which of the following was a dependent variable in this experiment?	The passage below describes an experiment. Read the passage and think about the variables that are described. Arianna's brother thought that crushed ice would keep his soda cooler than whole ice cubes. To test this idea, Arianna divided a large bottle of soda equally among six glasses. Arianna added five whole ice cubes to each of the first three glasses while her brother crushed five ice cubes into small pieces before adding them to each of the other three glasses. Ten minutes after all the ice had been added to the glasses, Arianna used a thermometer to measure the temperature of the soda in each glass. Hint: An independent variable is a variable whose effect you are investigating. A dependent variable is a variable that you measure. Figure: glasses of soda with ice.	A	the temperature of the soda	the size of the ice pieces	nan	nan	physical_property_reasoning	scienceqa	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev	<image>Hint: The passage below describes an experiment. Read the passage and think about the variables that are described. Arianna's brother thought that crushed ice would keep his soda cooler than whole ice cubes. To test this idea, Arianna divided a large bottle of soda equally among six glasses. Arianna added five whole ice cubes to each of the first three glasses while her brother crushed five ice cubes into small pieces before adding them to each of the other three glasses. Ten minutes after all the ice had been added to the glasses, Arianna used a thermometer to measure the temperature of the soda in each glass. Hint: An independent variable is a variable whose effect you are investigating. A dependent variable is a variable that you measure. Figure: glasses of soda with ice. Question: Which of the following was a dependent variable in this experiment? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:the temperature of the soda:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:the size of the ice pieces:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
254	Which of the following was an independent variable in this experiment?	The passage below describes an experiment. Read the passage and think about the variables that are described. Bryce noticed that some of the footballs his team used during practice were not fully inflated. He wondered whether fully inflated footballs would travel farther than footballs with a lower air pressure. To find out, Bryce collected 20 standard footballs. He fully inflated ten of them to an air pressure of 13 pounds per square inch. He inflated the remaining ten to an air pressure of 10 pounds per square inch. Bryce used to launch a ball across a football field. He measured the distance the football traveled and then launched the next ball. Bryce repeated this with all 20 balls. Hint: An independent variable is a variable whose effect you are investigating. A dependent variable is a variable that you measure. Figure: a football launcher.	B	the distance the footballs traveled	the air pressure in the footballs	nan	nan	physical_property_reasoning	scienceqa	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev	<image>Hint: The passage below describes an experiment. Read the passage and think about the variables that are described. Bryce noticed that some of the footballs his team used during practice were not fully inflated. He wondered whether fully inflated footballs would travel farther than footballs with a lower air pressure. To find out, Bryce collected 20 standard footballs. He fully inflated ten of them to an air pressure of 13 pounds per square inch. He inflated the remaining ten to an air pressure of 10 pounds per square inch. Bryce used to launch a ball across a football field. He measured the distance the football traveled and then launched the next ball. Bryce repeated this with all 20 balls. Hint: An independent variable is a variable whose effect you are investigating. A dependent variable is a variable that you measure. Figure: a football launcher. Question: Which of the following was an independent variable in this experiment? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:the distance the footballs traveled:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:the air pressure in the footballs:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
256	Which of the following could Devin's test show?	People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. The passage below describes how the engineering-design process was used to test a solution to a problem. Read the passage. Then answer the question below. Devin was a mechanical engineer who was designing to record temperature, precipitation, and wind speed. The weather station would be used in a town where the highest recorded temperature was 40¬∞C. Devin wanted to make sure the weather station would work even in unusually warm weather. So, he set an indoor test chamber to 50¬∞C with low moisture and no wind. He left the weather station in the chamber overnight. The next day, he checked to see if the weather station displayed accurate measurements after 24 hours at 50¬∞C. Figure: a weather station.	A	if the weather station would work when the temperature was 50¬∞C	how well the weather station would work when it was windy	nan	nan	physical_property_reasoning	scienceqa	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev	<image>Hint: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. The passage below describes how the engineering-design process was used to test a solution to a problem. Read the passage. Then answer the question below. Devin was a mechanical engineer who was designing to record temperature, precipitation, and wind speed. The weather station would be used in a town where the highest recorded temperature was 40¬∞C. Devin wanted to make sure the weather station would work even in unusually warm weather. So, he set an indoor test chamber to 50¬∞C with low moisture and no wind. He left the weather station in the chamber overnight. The next day, he checked to see if the weather station displayed accurate measurements after 24 hours at 50¬∞C. Figure: a weather station. Question: Which of the following could Devin's test show? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:if the weather station would work when the temperature was 50¬∞C:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:how well the weather station would work when it was windy:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
258	Identify the question that Carson's experiment can best answer.	The passage below describes an experiment. Read the passage and then follow the instructions below. Carson made six batches of muffins over the course of one day. He used whole wheat flour in three of the batches and white flour in the other three batches. He divided the batter into muffin tins, using two ounces of batter per muffin. He baked the muffins in a 350¬∞F oven for 20 minutes. After allowing the muffins to cool, Carson measured the dimensions of the muffins and calculated their volumes. He compared the volumes of the muffins made with whole wheat flour to the volumes of the muffins made with white flour. Figure: muffins cooling.	B	Does the type of flour used in the muffins affect the number of muffins that turn brown after 30 minutes in the oven?	Do muffins made with white flour have larger volumes than muffins made with whole wheat flour?	nan	nan	physical_property_reasoning	scienceqa	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev	<image>Hint: The passage below describes an experiment. Read the passage and then follow the instructions below. Carson made six batches of muffins over the course of one day. He used whole wheat flour in three of the batches and white flour in the other three batches. He divided the batter into muffin tins, using two ounces of batter per muffin. He baked the muffins in a 350¬∞F oven for 20 minutes. After allowing the muffins to cool, Carson measured the dimensions of the muffins and calculated their volumes. He compared the volumes of the muffins made with whole wheat flour to the volumes of the muffins made with white flour. Figure: muffins cooling. Question: Identify the question that Carson's experiment can best answer. <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:Does the type of flour used in the muffins affect the number of muffins that turn brown after 30 minutes in the oven?:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:Do muffins made with white flour have larger volumes than muffins made with whole wheat flour?:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
261	Which statement describes the Great Victoria Desert ecosystem?	Figure: Great Victoria Desert. The Great Victoria Desert is a hot desert ecosystem located in Western Australia and South Australia. It is the largest desert in Australia! The Great Victoria Desert is home to the rare great desert skink. To stay cool during the day, great desert skinks live in holes they dig in the ground.	B	It has thick, moist soil.	It has dry, thin soil.	nan	nan	physical_property_reasoning	scienceqa	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev	<image>Hint: Figure: Great Victoria Desert. The Great Victoria Desert is a hot desert ecosystem located in Western Australia and South Australia. It is the largest desert in Australia! The Great Victoria Desert is home to the rare great desert skink. To stay cool during the day, great desert skinks live in holes they dig in the ground. Question: Which statement describes the Great Victoria Desert ecosystem? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:It has thick, moist soil.:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:It has dry, thin soil.:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
264	Which better describes the tide pool ecosystems in Tongue Point Marine Life Sanctuary?	Figure: Tongue Point Marine Life Sanctuary. Tongue Point Marine Life Sanctuary is in western Washington State. The park is on the coast of the Pacific Ocean. It has many tide pool ecosystems.	B	It has water that is poor in nutrients. It also has only a few types of organisms.	It has water that is rich in nutrients. It also has many different types of organisms.	nan	nan	physical_property_reasoning	scienceqa	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev	<image>Hint: Figure: Tongue Point Marine Life Sanctuary. Tongue Point Marine Life Sanctuary is in western Washington State. The park is on the coast of the Pacific Ocean. It has many tide pool ecosystems. Question: Which better describes the tide pool ecosystems in Tongue Point Marine Life Sanctuary? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:It has water that is poor in nutrients. It also has only a few types of organisms.:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:It has water that is rich in nutrients. It also has many different types of organisms.:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
267	Which part of an apple tree might grow into a new tree?	This diagram shows the life cycle of an apple tree.	A	a seed	a leaf	nan	nan	physical_property_reasoning	scienceqa	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev	<image>Hint: This diagram shows the life cycle of an apple tree. Question: Which part of an apple tree might grow into a new tree? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:a seed:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:a leaf:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
269	Which animal's limbs are also adapted for gliding?	Sugar gliders live in the forests of Southeast Asia. They have two arms and two legs. They also have a thin layer of skin, called a patagium, stretched between their arms and legs. Sugar gliders use the patagium to glide through the air from tree to tree. The 's limbs are adapted for gliding. Figure: sugar glider.	A	northern flying squirrel	ring-tailed lemur	nan	nan	physical_property_reasoning	scienceqa	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev	<image>Hint: Sugar gliders live in the forests of Southeast Asia. They have two arms and two legs. They also have a thin layer of skin, called a patagium, stretched between their arms and legs. Sugar gliders use the patagium to glide through the air from tree to tree. The 's limbs are adapted for gliding. Figure: sugar glider. Question: Which animal's limbs are also adapted for gliding? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:northern flying squirrel:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:ring-tailed lemur:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
274	Which fish's mouth is also adapted for tearing through meat?	Barracudas often hunt large fish for food. The 's mouth is adapted to tear through meat. Figure: barracuda.	B	copperband butterflyfish	tiger moray	nan	nan	physical_property_reasoning	scienceqa	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev	<image>Hint: Barracudas often hunt large fish for food. The 's mouth is adapted to tear through meat. Figure: barracuda. Question: Which fish's mouth is also adapted for tearing through meat? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:copperband butterflyfish:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:tiger moray:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
278	Which animal's skin is also adapted for survival in cold places?	s live in the Canadian Arctic and Greenland. The 's skin is adapted to help the animal survive in cold places. Figure: Arctic hare.	B	fantastic leaf-tailed gecko	polar bear	nan	nan	physical_property_reasoning	scienceqa	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev	<image>Hint: s live in the Canadian Arctic and Greenland. The 's skin is adapted to help the animal survive in cold places. Figure: Arctic hare. Question: Which animal's skin is also adapted for survival in cold places? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:fantastic leaf-tailed gecko:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:polar bear:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
293	Which material is this spatula made of?	nan	A	rubber	cotton	nan	nan	function_reasoning	scienceqa	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev	<image>Question: Which material is this spatula made of? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:rubber:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:cotton:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
295	Which property do these two objects have in common?	Select the better answer.	B	yellow	salty	nan	nan	function_reasoning	scienceqa	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev	<image>Hint: Select the better answer. Question: Which property do these two objects have in common? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:yellow:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:salty:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
302	Complete the statement. Boron trifluoride is ().	The model below represents a molecule of boron trifluoride. Boron trifluoride is used to make many types of chemicals, such as plastics.	B	an elementary substance	a compound	nan	nan	physical_property_reasoning	scienceqa	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev	<image>Hint: The model below represents a molecule of boron trifluoride. Boron trifluoride is used to make many types of chemicals, such as plastics. Question: Complete the statement. Boron trifluoride is (). <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:an elementary substance:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:a compound:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
308	Complete the text to describe the diagram. Solute particles moved in both directions across the permeable membrane. But more solute particles moved across the membrane (). When there was an equal concentration on both sides, the particles reached equilibrium.	The diagram below shows a solution with one solute. Each solute particle is represented by a yellow ball. The solution fills a closed container that is divided in half by a membrane. The membrane, represented by a dotted line, is permeable to the solute particles. The diagram shows how the solution can change over time during the process of diffusion.	A	to the right than to the left	to the left than to the right	nan	nan	physical_property_reasoning	scienceqa	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev	<image>Hint: The diagram below shows a solution with one solute. Each solute particle is represented by a yellow ball. The solution fills a closed container that is divided in half by a membrane. The membrane, represented by a dotted line, is permeable to the solute particles. The diagram shows how the solution can change over time during the process of diffusion. Question: Complete the text to describe the diagram. Solute particles moved in both directions across the permeable membrane. But more solute particles moved across the membrane (). When there was an equal concentration on both sides, the particles reached equilibrium. <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:to the right than to the left:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:to the left than to the right:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
313	Complete the text to describe the diagram. Solute particles moved in both directions across the permeable membrane. But more solute particles moved across the membrane (). When there was an equal concentration on both sides, the particles reached equilibrium.	The diagram below shows a solution with one solute. Each solute particle is represented by a yellow ball. The solution fills a closed container that is divided in half by a membrane. The membrane, represented by a dotted line, is permeable to the solute particles. The diagram shows how the solution can change over time during the process of diffusion.	A	to the right than to the left	to the left than to the right	nan	nan	physical_property_reasoning	scienceqa	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev	<image>Hint: The diagram below shows a solution with one solute. Each solute particle is represented by a yellow ball. The solution fills a closed container that is divided in half by a membrane. The membrane, represented by a dotted line, is permeable to the solute particles. The diagram shows how the solution can change over time during the process of diffusion. Question: Complete the text to describe the diagram. Solute particles moved in both directions across the permeable membrane. But more solute particles moved across the membrane (). When there was an equal concentration on both sides, the particles reached equilibrium. <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:to the right than to the left:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:to the left than to the right:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
316	Complete the statement. Ammonia is ().	The model below represents a molecule of ammonia. Most of the ammonia produced every year is used by farmers to help crops grow.	B	an elementary substance	a compound	nan	nan	physical_property_reasoning	scienceqa	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev	<image>Hint: The model below represents a molecule of ammonia. Most of the ammonia produced every year is used by farmers to help crops grow. Question: Complete the statement. Ammonia is (). <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:an elementary substance:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:a compound:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
344	Which of these places was Southern Colonies?	In the following questions, you will learn about the origin of the Southern Colonies. The Southern Colonies made up the southern part of the Thirteen Colonies, which were ruled by Great Britain in the 1600s and 1700s. The population of the Southern Colonies included enslaved and free people of African descent, Native American groups, and European settlers. The map below shows the Thirteen Colonies in 1750. Look at the map. Then answer the question below.	B	Pennsylvania	Maryland	nan	nan	object_localization	scienceqa	finegrained_perception (instance-level)	nan	dev	<image>Hint: In the following questions, you will learn about the origin of the Southern Colonies. The Southern Colonies made up the southern part of the Thirteen Colonies, which were ruled by Great Britain in the 1600s and 1700s. The population of the Southern Colonies included enslaved and free people of African descent, Native American groups, and European settlers. The map below shows the Thirteen Colonies in 1750. Look at the map. Then answer the question below. Question: Which of these places was Southern Colonies? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:Pennsylvania:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:Maryland:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
355	Based on the timeline, which statement is true?	Between 1775 and 1783, Americans fought the British in the Revolutionary War. Look at the timeline of events in the years before the war. Then answer the question.	A	Americans boycotted British goods before the Revolutionary War began.	The Boston Massacre was the first battle of the Revolutionary War.	nan	nan	structuralized_imagetext_understanding	scienceqa	logic_reasoning	nan	dev	<image>Hint: Between 1775 and 1783, Americans fought the British in the Revolutionary War. Look at the timeline of events in the years before the war. Then answer the question. Question: Based on the timeline, which statement is true? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:Americans boycotted British goods before the Revolutionary War began.:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The Boston Massacre was the first battle of the Revolutionary War.:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
362	Is native copper a mineral?	Native copper has the following properties: solid not made by living things found in nature fixed crystal structure made of the metal copper	B	no	yes	nan	nan	attribute_recognition	scienceqa	finegrained_perception (instance-level)	nan	dev	<image>Hint: Native copper has the following properties: solid not made by living things found in nature fixed crystal structure made of the metal copper Question: Is native copper a mineral? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:no:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:yes:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
364	Is plastic a mineral?	Plastic has the following properties: solid no fixed crystal structure not a pure substance made in a factory	B	yes	no	nan	nan	attribute_recognition	scienceqa	finegrained_perception (instance-level)	nan	dev	<image>Hint: Plastic has the following properties: solid no fixed crystal structure not a pure substance made in a factory Question: Is plastic a mineral? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:yes:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:no:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
365	Is the following statement about our solar system true or false? The smallest planet is made mainly of rock.	Use the data to answer the question below.	B	False	True	nan	nan	structuralized_imagetext_understanding	scienceqa	logic_reasoning	nan	dev	<image>Hint: Use the data to answer the question below. Question: Is the following statement about our solar system true or false? The smallest planet is made mainly of rock. <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:False:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:True:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
370	Is the following statement about our solar system true or false? The volume of Mars is more than three times as large as Mercury's.	Use the data to answer the question below.	B	True	False	nan	nan	structuralized_imagetext_understanding	scienceqa	logic_reasoning	nan	dev	<image>Hint: Use the data to answer the question below. Question: Is the following statement about our solar system true or false? The volume of Mars is more than three times as large as Mercury's. <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:True:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:False:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
371	Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?	Figure: Umbria. Large, fluffy clouds filled the sky on a warm summer day in Umbria, Italy. Hint: Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place.	A	weather	climate	nan	nan	attribute_recognition	scienceqa	finegrained_perception (instance-level)	nan	dev	<image>Hint: Figure: Umbria. Large, fluffy clouds filled the sky on a warm summer day in Umbria, Italy. Hint: Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. Question: Does this passage describe the weather or the climate? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:weather:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:climate:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
377	Which of the following fossils is younger? Select the more likely answer.	This diagram shows fossils in an undisturbed sedimentary rock sequence.	B	ginkgo leaf	mammal tooth	nan	nan	structuralized_imagetext_understanding	scienceqa	logic_reasoning	nan	dev	<image>Hint: This diagram shows fossils in an undisturbed sedimentary rock sequence. Question: Which of the following fossils is younger? Select the more likely answer. <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:ginkgo leaf:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:mammal tooth:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
388	What do hedgehogs do when they are scared?	Read the passage about hedgehogs. Hedgehogs have sharp spines that cover their backs. Some people think they look like little spiky balls! When they are scared, hedgehogs roll up into a ball. This keeps them safe from foxes and other animals. Hedgehogs eat things like insects, worms, and snails. They hunt for food in hedges and other plants, just like wild pigs, or hogs. This is how they got the name hedgehogs.	B	They shoot their spines like arrows.	They curl up into a ball.	nan	nan	physical_property_reasoning	scienceqa	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev	<image>Hint: Read the passage about hedgehogs. Hedgehogs have sharp spines that cover their backs. Some people think they look like little spiky balls! When they are scared, hedgehogs roll up into a ball. This keeps them safe from foxes and other animals. Hedgehogs eat things like insects, worms, and snails. They hunt for food in hedges and other plants, just like wild pigs, or hogs. This is how they got the name hedgehogs. Question: What do hedgehogs do when they are scared? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:They shoot their spines like arrows.:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:They curl up into a ball.:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
399	What are the fingers of a banana plant?	Read the passage about bananas. Bananas grow on banana plants in large bunches. Each group of bananas in a bunch is called a hand, and each banana is a finger. Banana plants may look like trees, but they're not. They don't have trunks. Instead, they have thick stems made of leaves. Banana plants are chopped down once all the bananas are picked. But a new plant can grow from the old plant's roots.	A	the bananas	the stems	nan	nan	physical_property_reasoning	scienceqa	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev	<image>Hint: Read the passage about bananas. Bananas grow on banana plants in large bunches. Each group of bananas in a bunch is called a hand, and each banana is a finger. Banana plants may look like trees, but they're not. They don't have trunks. Instead, they have thick stems made of leaves. Banana plants are chopped down once all the bananas are picked. But a new plant can grow from the old plant's roots. Question: What are the fingers of a banana plant? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:the bananas:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:the stems:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
401	Based on the time line, which event happens after James Marshall discovers gold and before gold becomes harder to find?	This time line shows important events during the California Gold Rush.	A	Many people move to California.	Silver is discovered in Nevada.	nan	nan	structuralized_imagetext_understanding	scienceqa	logic_reasoning	nan	dev	<image>Hint: This time line shows important events during the California Gold Rush. Question: Based on the time line, which event happens after James Marshall discovers gold and before gold becomes harder to find? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:Many people move to California.:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:Silver is discovered in Nevada.:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
403	Based on the event chain, which event happens earlier in the legend?	This event chain shows the main events from the legend of John Henry.	B	John Henry gets sick.	John Henry beats the machine.	nan	nan	structuralized_imagetext_understanding	scienceqa	logic_reasoning	nan	dev	<image>Hint: This event chain shows the main events from the legend of John Henry. Question: Based on the event chain, which event happens earlier in the legend? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:John Henry gets sick.:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:John Henry beats the machine.:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
404	Based on the table, in which story does the main character travel through time by accident?	This table compares three stories about time travel.	B	in both The Time Machine and A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court	only in A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court	nan	nan	structuralized_imagetext_understanding	scienceqa	logic_reasoning	nan	dev	<image>Hint: This table compares three stories about time travel. Question: Based on the table, in which story does the main character travel through time by accident? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:in both The Time Machine and A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:only in A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
407	Based on the time line, when did people start playing polo?	This time line shows ancient sports that are still popular today. It gives each sport's likely place and date of origin.	B	before surfing	before sumo wrestling	nan	nan	structuralized_imagetext_understanding	scienceqa	logic_reasoning	nan	dev	<image>Hint: This time line shows ancient sports that are still popular today. It gives each sport's likely place and date of origin. Question: Based on the time line, when did people start playing polo? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:before surfing:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:before sumo wrestling:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
410	Based on the table, what did Ruth Handler invent?	This table shows the inventors of some popular toys.	B	the Rubik's Cube	the Barbie doll	nan	nan	structuralized_imagetext_understanding	scienceqa	logic_reasoning	nan	dev	<image>Hint: This table shows the inventors of some popular toys. Question: Based on the table, what did Ruth Handler invent? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:the Rubik's Cube:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:the Barbie doll:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
419	Based on the event chain, when is Tinker Bell poisoned?	This event chain shows events from Peter and Wendy by J. M. Barrie.	B	before Captain Hook captures the Lost Boys	after the Lost Boys fight the pirates	nan	nan	structuralized_imagetext_understanding	scienceqa	logic_reasoning	nan	dev	<image>Hint: This event chain shows events from Peter and Wendy by J. M. Barrie. Question: Based on the event chain, when is Tinker Bell poisoned? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:before Captain Hook captures the Lost Boys:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:after the Lost Boys fight the pirates:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
426	Complete the sentence. The African elephant is the () land animal in the world.	This picture shows an African elephant.	B	smallest	largest	nan	nan	attribute_recognition	scienceqa	finegrained_perception (instance-level)	nan	dev	<image>Hint: This picture shows an African elephant. Question: Complete the sentence. The African elephant is the () land animal in the world. <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:smallest:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:largest:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
428	Which trait does this red squirrel have?	This image shows a Eurasian red squirrel.	A	It has a bushy tail.	It has fins.	nan	nan	attribute_recognition	scienceqa	finegrained_perception (instance-level)	nan	dev	<image>Hint: This image shows a Eurasian red squirrel. Question: Which trait does this red squirrel have? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:It has a bushy tail.:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:It has fins.:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
442	Select the time the lunchroom is most likely to flood.	Imagine a school is facing a problem caused by flooding. The lunchroom at Sunset Elementary School floods each year. When there is more than one inch of water on the ground outside, water flows under the doors and into the building. Dr. Rogers, the principal, wants to find a way to protect the lunchroom from flooding.	A	when a river next to the school overflows	during a drought, when there is not much rain	nan	nan	future_prediction	scienceqa	logic_reasoning	nan	dev	<image>Hint: Imagine a school is facing a problem caused by flooding. The lunchroom at Sunset Elementary School floods each year. When there is more than one inch of water on the ground outside, water flows under the doors and into the building. Dr. Rogers, the principal, wants to find a way to protect the lunchroom from flooding. Question: Select the time the lunchroom is most likely to flood. <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:when a river next to the school overflows:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:during a drought, when there is not much rain:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
448	Which term matches the picture?	Read the text. Butterflies and moths are easily mistaken for each other, but one distinction between them often appears during their pupal stage. When most butterfly caterpillars reach full size, they attach themselves to a leaf or other object and shed their skin a final time, forming a chrysalis, a hard, shell-like skin, which protects the pupa inside. The chrysalis may be dull and rough or shiny and smooth, usually blending into its surroundings. Most moth caterpillars, by contrast, create a cocoon to protect the pupa, rather than forming a chrysalis. The cocoons usually resemble hard silk pouches, but some moths also incorporate materials like hairs and twigs.	B	cocoon	chrysalis	nan	nan	object_localization	scienceqa	finegrained_perception (instance-level)	nan	dev	<image>Hint: Read the text. Butterflies and moths are easily mistaken for each other, but one distinction between them often appears during their pupal stage. When most butterfly caterpillars reach full size, they attach themselves to a leaf or other object and shed their skin a final time, forming a chrysalis, a hard, shell-like skin, which protects the pupa inside. The chrysalis may be dull and rough or shiny and smooth, usually blending into its surroundings. Most moth caterpillars, by contrast, create a cocoon to protect the pupa, rather than forming a chrysalis. The cocoons usually resemble hard silk pouches, but some moths also incorporate materials like hairs and twigs. Question: Which term matches the picture? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:cocoon:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:chrysalis:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
449	Which term matches the picture?	Read the text. Most animals need to maintain a body temperature within a narrow range. Endotherms, such as humans and other mammals, can regulate their temperatures internally. When the temperature of their surrounding environments changes, endotherms may shiver or sweat to keep their body temperatures within a normal range. For ectotherms, by contrast, a change in the temperature of the surrounding environment will usually affect the animal's body temperature. Ectotherms often regulate their body temperatures by moving within their environments; for instance, a lizard will lie out in the sun to warm itself up.	A	endotherms	ectotherms	nan	nan	object_localization	scienceqa	finegrained_perception (instance-level)	nan	dev	<image>Hint: Read the text. Most animals need to maintain a body temperature within a narrow range. Endotherms, such as humans and other mammals, can regulate their temperatures internally. When the temperature of their surrounding environments changes, endotherms may shiver or sweat to keep their body temperatures within a normal range. For ectotherms, by contrast, a change in the temperature of the surrounding environment will usually affect the animal's body temperature. Ectotherms often regulate their body temperatures by moving within their environments; for instance, a lizard will lie out in the sun to warm itself up. Question: Which term matches the picture? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:endotherms:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:ectotherms:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
452	Which term matches the picture?	Read the text. The properties of a light wave affect what we see. One property of a light wave is wavelength. Wavelength measures the distance between one crest to the next. The wavelength of light determines what color, if any, is visible to the human eye. The longest visible waves are red and the shortest visible waves are violet. Another property of a light wave is amplitude. Amplitude refers to the distance between the middle of the wave and the point farthest from the center. This point is usually shown as the highest point on the wave, or the wave's crest. We perceive light waves with greater amplitude as being brighter.	A	amplitude	wavelength	nan	nan	structuralized_imagetext_understanding	scienceqa	logic_reasoning	nan	dev	<image>Hint: Read the text. The properties of a light wave affect what we see. One property of a light wave is wavelength. Wavelength measures the distance between one crest to the next. The wavelength of light determines what color, if any, is visible to the human eye. The longest visible waves are red and the shortest visible waves are violet. Another property of a light wave is amplitude. Amplitude refers to the distance between the middle of the wave and the point farthest from the center. This point is usually shown as the highest point on the wave, or the wave's crest. We perceive light waves with greater amplitude as being brighter. Question: Which term matches the picture? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:amplitude:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:wavelength:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
453	Which term matches the picture?	Read the text. Volcanic eruptions are classified by their appearance and their behavior. During a Hawaiian eruption, for example, lava is ejected from the volcano in a column. These jets can last for several hours or for days. The lava that flows from this type of eruption can often travel for miles before cooling and hardening. A Strombolian eruption, on the other hand, occurs when lava erupts from the volcano in short-lived bursts that result in scattered sprays of lava. These bursts often resemble bright, exploding fireworks.	B	Hawaiian eruption	Strombolian eruption	nan	nan	attribute_recognition	scienceqa	finegrained_perception (instance-level)	nan	dev	<image>Hint: Read the text. Volcanic eruptions are classified by their appearance and their behavior. During a Hawaiian eruption, for example, lava is ejected from the volcano in a column. These jets can last for several hours or for days. The lava that flows from this type of eruption can often travel for miles before cooling and hardening. A Strombolian eruption, on the other hand, occurs when lava erupts from the volcano in short-lived bursts that result in scattered sprays of lava. These bursts often resemble bright, exploding fireworks. Question: Which term matches the picture? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:Hawaiian eruption:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:Strombolian eruption:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
454	Which term matches the picture?	Read the text. Flowering plants are commonly divided into two groups: monocots and dicots. They are distinguished by the number of cotyledons their seeds have‚Äîa cotyledon is an undeveloped leaf inside the seed. Monocot seeds have one cotyledon while dicot seeds have two. You can also tell mature monocots and dicots apart based on their leaves and flowers. Monocots' petals occur in multiples of three (e.g., three or six), and their leaves have parallel veins; dicots' petals occur in multiples of four or five, and their leaves have branched veins.	A	monocot	dicot	nan	nan	attribute_recognition	scienceqa	finegrained_perception (instance-level)	nan	dev	<image>Hint: Read the text. Flowering plants are commonly divided into two groups: monocots and dicots. They are distinguished by the number of cotyledons their seeds have‚Äîa cotyledon is an undeveloped leaf inside the seed. Monocot seeds have one cotyledon while dicot seeds have two. You can also tell mature monocots and dicots apart based on their leaves and flowers. Monocots' petals occur in multiples of three (e.g., three or six), and their leaves have parallel veins; dicots' petals occur in multiples of four or five, and their leaves have branched veins. Question: Which term matches the picture? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:monocot:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:dicot:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
477	Which term matches the picture?	Read the text. Heat transfer can occur in different ways. Two common ways are through conduction and convection. Conduction occurs when molecules from one object collide with molecules from another object. Burning your hand by touching a hot car door on a sunny summer day is an example of conduction. Convection is another form of heat transfer. When a liquid or gas is heated, the heated matter rises upward, away from the heat source. Hot bubbles rising in a pot of water boiling on a stove is an example of convection.	B	conduction	convection	nan	nan	object_localization	scienceqa	finegrained_perception (instance-level)	nan	dev	<image>Hint: Read the text. Heat transfer can occur in different ways. Two common ways are through conduction and convection. Conduction occurs when molecules from one object collide with molecules from another object. Burning your hand by touching a hot car door on a sunny summer day is an example of conduction. Convection is another form of heat transfer. When a liquid or gas is heated, the heated matter rises upward, away from the heat source. Hot bubbles rising in a pot of water boiling on a stove is an example of convection. Question: Which term matches the picture? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:conduction:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:convection:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
478	Which term matches the picture?	Read the text. The stem of a plant contains different types of tissue. Two of these types are xylem and phloem. Xylem tissue carries water and nutrients from the roots of the plant to the leaves. Xylem moves materials in only one direction, up the plant's stem. Phloem tissue carries nutrients from the leaves to other parts of the plant. The nutrients in phloem tissue can move in two directions, either up or down the plant's stem.	B	phloem	xylem	nan	nan	function_reasoning	scienceqa	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev	<image>Hint: Read the text. The stem of a plant contains different types of tissue. Two of these types are xylem and phloem. Xylem tissue carries water and nutrients from the roots of the plant to the leaves. Xylem moves materials in only one direction, up the plant's stem. Phloem tissue carries nutrients from the leaves to other parts of the plant. The nutrients in phloem tissue can move in two directions, either up or down the plant's stem. Question: Which term matches the picture? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:phloem:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:xylem:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
480	Which term matches the picture?	Read the text. "Cleavage" and "fracture" refer to the different ways that minerals can break. Cleavage occurs when a mineral breaks and forms flat planes or surfaces. These surfaces are smooth and often reflective. Minerals break cleanly along cleavage planes because there are weak points in the mineral's structure. When a mineral breaks by fracturing, it does not break along a smooth cleavage plane. Instead, this type of break results in surfaces that may look jagged or irregular.	B	fracture	cleavage	nan	nan	attribute_recognition	scienceqa	finegrained_perception (instance-level)	nan	dev	<image>Hint: Read the text. "Cleavage" and "fracture" refer to the different ways that minerals can break. Cleavage occurs when a mineral breaks and forms flat planes or surfaces. These surfaces are smooth and often reflective. Minerals break cleanly along cleavage planes because there are weak points in the mineral's structure. When a mineral breaks by fracturing, it does not break along a smooth cleavage plane. Instead, this type of break results in surfaces that may look jagged or irregular. Question: Which term matches the picture? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:fracture:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:cleavage:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
481	Which term matches the picture?	Read the text. The shape of a lens determines how it bends light that passes through it. A concave lens, for example, is thinner in the center than it is at the edges. This results in light rays diverging, or bending away from one another, after passing through. Concave lenses are used in TV projectors to spread out light. A convex lens, on the other hand, is thicker in center than at the edges. As a result, light rays converge, or come together, after passing through. If you place a convex lens close enough to an object, the object will appear larger when you look through the lens, as in a microscope.	A	convex lens	concave lens	nan	nan	function_reasoning	scienceqa	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev	<image>Hint: Read the text. The shape of a lens determines how it bends light that passes through it. A concave lens, for example, is thinner in the center than it is at the edges. This results in light rays diverging, or bending away from one another, after passing through. Concave lenses are used in TV projectors to spread out light. A convex lens, on the other hand, is thicker in center than at the edges. As a result, light rays converge, or come together, after passing through. If you place a convex lens close enough to an object, the object will appear larger when you look through the lens, as in a microscope. Question: Which term matches the picture? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:convex lens:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:concave lens:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
482	Which term matches the picture?	Read the text. The Ophiuroidea are marine animals that are closely related to true sea stars, or the Asteroidea. Ophiuroids are divided into two groups: brittle stars and basket stars. Brittle stars generally have five arms joined to a central body disk. Unlike those of true sea stars, the central body disks of brittle stars are usually round and sharply contrast with the arms. Basket stars are similar to brittle stars, but often larger. Unlike the thin snake-like arms of brittle stars, the arms of basket stars are often repeatedly branched.	A	basket star	brittle star	nan	nan	attribute_recognition	scienceqa	finegrained_perception (instance-level)	nan	dev	<image>Hint: Read the text. The Ophiuroidea are marine animals that are closely related to true sea stars, or the Asteroidea. Ophiuroids are divided into two groups: brittle stars and basket stars. Brittle stars generally have five arms joined to a central body disk. Unlike those of true sea stars, the central body disks of brittle stars are usually round and sharply contrast with the arms. Basket stars are similar to brittle stars, but often larger. Unlike the thin snake-like arms of brittle stars, the arms of basket stars are often repeatedly branched. Question: Which term matches the picture? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:basket star:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:brittle star:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
484	Which term matches the picture?	Read the text. The nucleus is an important feature of a eukaryotic cell. The nucleus is usually round and stores long coiled structures called chromosomes, which contain the cell's genetic material. A prokaryotic cell, by contrast, doesn't have a nucleus. Instead, its chromosomes are loose in the cell, not surrounded by a membrane. Because prokaryotic cells lack nuclei and other membrane-bound structures, prokaryotic cells are typically simpler than eukaryotic cells.	A	prokaryotic cell	eukaryotic cell	nan	nan	attribute_recognition	scienceqa	finegrained_perception (instance-level)	nan	dev	<image>Hint: Read the text. The nucleus is an important feature of a eukaryotic cell. The nucleus is usually round and stores long coiled structures called chromosomes, which contain the cell's genetic material. A prokaryotic cell, by contrast, doesn't have a nucleus. Instead, its chromosomes are loose in the cell, not surrounded by a membrane. Because prokaryotic cells lack nuclei and other membrane-bound structures, prokaryotic cells are typically simpler than eukaryotic cells. Question: Which term matches the picture? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:prokaryotic cell:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:eukaryotic cell:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
485	Which term matches the picture?	Read the text. Igneous rock forms when melted rock, like magma or lava, cools and hardens. The faster the rock cools, the finer its grain. That's because there isn't as much time for crystals to form. A rock like obsidian cools quickly and creates a smooth and glassy black rock. Obsidian can be chipped down into a fine point. Granite, on the other hand, cools slowly. It has large mineral grains that form as it cools. The grains create interesting patterns, which is why granite is often used for kitchen countertops.	B	obsidian	granite	nan	nan	attribute_recognition	scienceqa	finegrained_perception (instance-level)	nan	dev	<image>Hint: Read the text. Igneous rock forms when melted rock, like magma or lava, cools and hardens. The faster the rock cools, the finer its grain. That's because there isn't as much time for crystals to form. A rock like obsidian cools quickly and creates a smooth and glassy black rock. Obsidian can be chipped down into a fine point. Granite, on the other hand, cools slowly. It has large mineral grains that form as it cools. The grains create interesting patterns, which is why granite is often used for kitchen countertops. Question: Which term matches the picture? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:obsidian:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:granite:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
486	Which term matches the picture?	Read the text. There are two kinds of energy: kinetic and potential. Kinetic energy is the energy of a moving object. Wind and flowing water both have kinetic energy. Another type of energy is potential energy. There are different types of potential energy. You can think of potential energy as kinds of stored energy. For example, a compressed spring has elastic potential energy. If it doesn't have something holding it down, its energy will be released and it will spring forward.	B	kinetic energy	potential energy	nan	nan	physical_property_reasoning	scienceqa	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev	<image>Hint: Read the text. There are two kinds of energy: kinetic and potential. Kinetic energy is the energy of a moving object. Wind and flowing water both have kinetic energy. Another type of energy is potential energy. There are different types of potential energy. You can think of potential energy as kinds of stored energy. For example, a compressed spring has elastic potential energy. If it doesn't have something holding it down, its energy will be released and it will spring forward. Question: Which term matches the picture? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:kinetic energy:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:potential energy:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
487	Which term matches the picture?	Read the text. The sea is home to many different groups, or phyla, of animals. Two of these are cnidarians and echinoderms. Cnidarian comes from a Greek word that means "nettle," a stinging type of plant. Cnidarians have tentacles all around their mouths, which they use to sting prey and pull the prey toward their mouths. Echinoderm comes from Greek words meaning "spiny" and "skin." Echinoderms have stiff bodies, and their spines may stick out of their skins. Adult echinoderms' bodies are often arranged in five balanced parts, like a star.	B	echinoderm	cnidarian	nan	nan	attribute_recognition	scienceqa	finegrained_perception (instance-level)	nan	dev	<image>Hint: Read the text. The sea is home to many different groups, or phyla, of animals. Two of these are cnidarians and echinoderms. Cnidarian comes from a Greek word that means "nettle," a stinging type of plant. Cnidarians have tentacles all around their mouths, which they use to sting prey and pull the prey toward their mouths. Echinoderm comes from Greek words meaning "spiny" and "skin." Echinoderms have stiff bodies, and their spines may stick out of their skins. Adult echinoderms' bodies are often arranged in five balanced parts, like a star. Question: Which term matches the picture? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:echinoderm:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:cnidarian:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
488	Which term matches the picture?	Read the text. If something has bilateral symmetry, you can draw a line from top to bottom and both sides of the line will match. For example, if you drew a line down the center of someone's face, both sides would have one eye, half a nose, and half a mouth. If you drew a line in the middle from left to right, however, the two sides would not match. Radial symmetry describes something that is symmetrical, or matching, all the way around. A daisy, and many other flowers, have radial symmetry. You could cut a daisy in half from top to bottom in many directions‚Äîdown the middle or left to right‚Äîand the halves would match.	B	bilateral symmetry	radial symmetry	nan	nan	spatial_relationship	scienceqa	finegrained_perception (cross-instance)	nan	dev	<image>Hint: Read the text. If something has bilateral symmetry, you can draw a line from top to bottom and both sides of the line will match. For example, if you drew a line down the center of someone's face, both sides would have one eye, half a nose, and half a mouth. If you drew a line in the middle from left to right, however, the two sides would not match. Radial symmetry describes something that is symmetrical, or matching, all the way around. A daisy, and many other flowers, have radial symmetry. You could cut a daisy in half from top to bottom in many directions‚Äîdown the middle or left to right‚Äîand the halves would match. Question: Which term matches the picture? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:bilateral symmetry:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:radial symmetry:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
858	Two magnets are places as shown. Will these magnets attract or repel each other?	nan	A	Repel.	Attract.	nan	nan	physical_property_reasoning	Internet	attribute_reasoning	https://scienceqa-webdem…/17777/image.png	dev	<image>Question: Two magnets are places as shown. Will these magnets attract or repel each other? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:Repel.:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:Attract.:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
863	Two magnets are placed as shown. Hint: Magnets that attract pull together. Magnets that repel push apart. Will these magnets attract or repel each other?	nan	A	Repel.	Attract.	nan	nan	physical_property_reasoning	Internet	attribute_reasoning	https://scienceqa-webdem…a/5727/image.png	dev	<image>Question: Two magnets are placed as shown. Hint: Magnets that attract pull together. Magnets that repel push apart. Will these magnets attract or repel each other? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:Repel.:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:Attract.:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
1,085	is this place crowded?	nan	A	yes	no	nan	nan	image_scene	https://st.depositphotos…ognizable-at.jpg	coarse_perception	nan	dev	<image>Question: is this place crowded? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:yes:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:no:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
1,086	is this place crowded?	nan	A	yes	no	nan	nan	image_scene	https://st2.depositphoto…-at-the-pole.jpg	coarse_perception	nan	dev	<image>Question: is this place crowded? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:yes:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:no:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
1,087	is this place crowded?	nan	B	yes	no	nan	nan	image_scene	https://st3.depositphoto…-in-an-empty.jpg	coarse_perception	nan	dev	<image>Question: is this place crowded? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:yes:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:no:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
1,088	is this place crowded?	nan	B	yes	no	nan	nan	image_scene	https://st2.depositphoto…ina-may-2021.jpg	coarse_perception	nan	dev	<image>Question: is this place crowded? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:yes:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:no:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
1,231	Which image is more brightful?	nan	A	The first image	The second image	nan	nan	image_quality	http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062010335181_0826373.jpg	coarse_perception	nan	dev	<image>Question: Which image is more brightful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
1,232	Which image is more brightful?	nan	A	The first image	The second image	nan	nan	image_quality	http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062010363246_07162655.jpg	coarse_perception	nan	dev	<image>Question: Which image is more brightful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
1,234	Which image is more brightful?	nan	B	The first image	The second image	nan	nan	image_quality	http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062010393888_018238731.jpg	coarse_perception	nan	dev	<image>Question: Which image is more brightful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
1,235	Which image is more brightful?	nan	A	The first image	The second image	nan	nan	image_quality	http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062010402603_020522527.jpg	coarse_perception	nan	dev	<image>Question: Which image is more brightful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
1,237	Which image is more brightful?	nan	B	The first image	The second image	nan	nan	image_quality	http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062010433198_039140730.jpg	coarse_perception	nan	dev	<image>Question: Which image is more brightful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
1,238	Which image is more brightful?	nan	B	The first image	The second image	nan	nan	image_quality	http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062010441353_070272233.jpg	coarse_perception	nan	dev	<image>Question: Which image is more brightful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
1,242	Which image is more brightful?	nan	B	The first image	The second image	nan	nan	image_quality	http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062010480893_033000255.jpg	coarse_perception	nan	dev	<image>Question: Which image is more brightful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
1,243	Which image is more brightful?	nan	B	The first image	The second image	nan	nan	image_quality	http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062010490591_056278886.jpg	coarse_perception	nan	dev	<image>Question: Which image is more brightful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
1,244	Which image is more brightful?	nan	B	The first image	The second image	nan	nan	image_quality	http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062010503322_062503983.jpg	coarse_perception	nan	dev	<image>Question: Which image is more brightful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
1,247	Which image is more brightful?	nan	A	The first image	The second image	nan	nan	image_quality	http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062010532905_0132921013.jpg	coarse_perception	nan	dev	<image>Question: Which image is more brightful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
1,248	Which image is more brightful?	nan	A	The first image	The second image	nan	nan	image_quality	http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062010541415_0137841242.jpg	coarse_perception	nan	dev	<image>Question: Which image is more brightful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
1,251	Which image is more brightful?	nan	A	The first image	The second image	nan	nan	image_quality	http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062011003409_0100882570.jpg	coarse_perception	nan	dev	<image>Question: Which image is more brightful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
1,253	Which image is more brightful?	nan	A	The first image	The second image	nan	nan	image_quality	http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062011023667_0156451756.jpg	coarse_perception	nan	dev	<image>Question: Which image is more brightful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
1,254	Which image is more brightful?	nan	A	The first image	The second image	nan	nan	image_quality	http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062011032870_0202351926.jpg	coarse_perception	nan	dev	<image>Question: Which image is more brightful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
1,255	Which image is more brightful?	nan	A	The first image	The second image	nan	nan	image_quality	http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062011041417_0255857546.jpg	coarse_perception	nan	dev	<image>Question: Which image is more brightful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
1,256	Which image is more brightful?	nan	A	The first image	The second image	nan	nan	image_quality	http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062011065517_0213906996.jpg	coarse_perception	nan	dev	<image>Question: Which image is more brightful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
1,257	Which image is more brightful?	nan	B	The first image	The second image	nan	nan	image_quality	http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062011074600_0147783170.jpg	coarse_perception	nan	dev	<image>Question: Which image is more brightful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
1,258	Which image is more brightful?	nan	A	The first image	The second image	nan	nan	image_quality	http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062011083912_0260267679.jpg	coarse_perception	nan	dev	<image>Question: Which image is more brightful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
1,259	Which image is more brightful?	nan	A	The first image	The second image	nan	nan	image_quality	http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062011092520_0286576891.jpg	coarse_perception	nan	dev	<image>Question: Which image is more brightful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
1,262	which image is more colorful?	nan	A	The first image	The second image	nan	nan	image_quality	http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062011173220_0445846327.jpg	coarse_perception	nan	dev	<image>Question: which image is more colorful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
1,264	which image is more colorful?	nan	A	The first image	The second image	nan	nan	image_quality	http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062011191916_0450063799.jpg	coarse_perception	nan	dev	<image>Question: which image is more colorful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
1,267	which image is more colorful?	nan	B	The first image	The second image	nan	nan	image_quality	http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062011223063_0516771790.jpg	coarse_perception	nan	dev	<image>Question: which image is more colorful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
1,268	which image is more colorful?	nan	B	The first image	The second image	nan	nan	image_quality	http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062011230705_0563363297.jpg	coarse_perception	nan	dev	<image>Question: which image is more colorful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
1,269	which image is more colorful?	nan	B	The first image	The second image	nan	nan	image_quality	http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062011240459_0742801177.jpg	coarse_perception	nan	dev	<image>Question: which image is more colorful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
1,270	which image is more colorful?	nan	A	The first image	The second image	nan	nan	image_quality	http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062011240459_0742801177.jpg	coarse_perception	nan	dev	<image>Question: which image is more colorful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
1,273	which image is more colorful?	nan	B	The first image	The second image	nan	nan	image_quality	http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062011324186_01473138944.jpg	coarse_perception	nan	dev	<image>Question: which image is more colorful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
1,275	which image is more colorful?	nan	A	The first image	The second image	nan	nan	image_quality	http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062011345196_03976452832.jpg	coarse_perception	nan	dev	<image>Question: which image is more colorful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
1,276	which image is more colorful?	nan	A	The first image	The second image	nan	nan	image_quality	http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062011360128_04698931028.jpg	coarse_perception	nan	dev	<image>Question: which image is more colorful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
1,277	which image is more colorful?	nan	B	The first image	The second image	nan	nan	image_quality	http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062011364479_05197869977.jpg	coarse_perception	nan	dev	<image>Question: which image is more colorful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
1,278	which image is more colorful?	nan	B	The first image	The second image	nan	nan	image_quality	http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062011373576_03642904232.jpg	coarse_perception	nan	dev	<image>Question: which image is more colorful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
1,279	which image is more colorful?	nan	A	The first image	The second image	nan	nan	image_quality	http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062011381502_06282202152.jpg	coarse_perception	nan	dev	<image>Question: which image is more colorful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
34	Which one is the correct caption of this image?	nan	A	A woman is riding a motorcycle down the street.	The house appears to be clean and beautifully decorated.	An elephant is chasing a dog around in the dirt.	A woman is walking her dog and has stopped at a corner and is looking at all the lights and buildings.	action_recognition	description	finegrained_perception (cross-instance)	nan	dev	<image>Question: Which one is the correct caption of this image? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:A woman is riding a motorcycle down the street.:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The house appears to be clean and beautifully decorated.:END> <option_index:C:END>. <option_content:An elephant is chasing a dog around in the dirt.:END> <option_index:D:END>. <option_content:A woman is walking her dog and has stopped at a corner and is looking at all the lights and buildings.:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
51	Which one is the correct caption of this image?	nan	D	a brown and black ox and a white and black one and grass	A beautiful woman holding up an umbrella next to a forest.	A cutting board and a metal pan topped with pizza.	A huge heard of sheep are all scattered together.	image_scene	description	coarse_perception	nan	dev	<image>Question: Which one is the correct caption of this image? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:a brown and black ox and a white and black one and grass:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:A beautiful woman holding up an umbrella next to a forest.:END> <option_index:C:END>. <option_content:A cutting board and a metal pan topped with pizza.:END> <option_index:D:END>. <option_content:A huge heard of sheep are all scattered together.:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
168	An interesting feature of the clocks on this building is that they use Roman numerals to display the time. There are two such Roman numeral clocks on the tower of the old building. This adds a sense of history and architectural interest to the structure. Adding to its unique design, the tower is also adorned with a five-pointed star on top, giving it a distinctive appearance.	nan	B	The building has a modern and minimalistic design with no distinctive features.	The building has a unique design with Roman numeral clocks and a five-pointed star on top.	The clocks on the building are digital and display the time in Arabic numerals.	nan	function_reasoning	reasoning	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev	<image>Question: An interesting feature of the clocks on this building is that they use Roman numerals to display the time. There are two such Roman numeral clocks on the tower of the old building. This adds a sense of history and architectural interest to the structure. Adding to its unique design, the tower is also adorned with a five-pointed star on top, giving it a distinctive appearance. <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The building has a modern and minimalistic design with no distinctive features.:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The building has a unique design with Roman numeral clocks and a five-pointed star on top.:END> <option_index:C:END>. <option_content:The clocks on the building are digital and display the time in Arabic numerals.:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
244	Which of the following could Ernesto's test show?	People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. The passage below describes how the engineering-design process was used to test a solution to a problem. Read the passage. Then answer the question below. Ernesto was a landscape architect who was hired to design a new city park. The city council wanted the park to have space for outdoor concerts and to have at least 20% of the park shaded by trees. Ernesto thought the concert area should be at least 150 meters from the road so traffic noise didn't interrupt the music. He developed three possible designs for the park with the concert area in a different location in each design. Then, he tested each design by measuring the distance between the road and the concert area. Figure: studying an architect's design.	A	which design would have the greatest distance between the concert area and the road	which design would have the least traffic noise in the concert area	if at least 20% of the park would be shaded by trees in each design	nan	identity_reasoning	scienceqa	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev	<image>Hint: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. The passage below describes how the engineering-design process was used to test a solution to a problem. Read the passage. Then answer the question below. Ernesto was a landscape architect who was hired to design a new city park. The city council wanted the park to have space for outdoor concerts and to have at least 20% of the park shaded by trees. Ernesto thought the concert area should be at least 150 meters from the road so traffic noise didn't interrupt the music. He developed three possible designs for the park with the concert area in a different location in each design. Then, he tested each design by measuring the distance between the road and the concert area. Figure: studying an architect's design. Question: Which of the following could Ernesto's test show? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:which design would have the greatest distance between the concert area and the road:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:which design would have the least traffic noise in the concert area:END> <option_index:C:END>. <option_content:if at least 20% of the park would be shaded by trees in each design:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
270	Which statement describes the Taklamakan Desert ecosystem?	Figure: Taklamakan Desert. The Taklamakan Desert is a cold desert ecosystem in northwestern China. Towns in this desert were stops along the Silk Road, a historical trade route between China and eastern Europe.	A	It has dry, thin soil.	It has warm summers and mild winters.	It has a medium amount of rain.	nan	physical_property_reasoning	scienceqa	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev	<image>Hint: Figure: Taklamakan Desert. The Taklamakan Desert is a cold desert ecosystem in northwestern China. Towns in this desert were stops along the Silk Road, a historical trade route between China and eastern Europe. Question: Which statement describes the Taklamakan Desert ecosystem? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:It has dry, thin soil.:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:It has warm summers and mild winters.:END> <option_index:C:END>. <option_content:It has a medium amount of rain.:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
282	Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?	The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material.	A	The strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.	The magnetic force is weaker in Pair 2.	The magnetic force is weaker in Pair 1.	nan	physical_property_reasoning	scienceqa	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev	<image>Hint: The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material. Question: Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The magnetic force is weaker in Pair 2.:END> <option_index:C:END>. <option_content:The magnetic force is weaker in Pair 1.:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
284	Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?	The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material, but some of them are different sizes and shapes.	C	The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2.	The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.	The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1.	nan	physical_property_reasoning	scienceqa	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev	<image>Hint: The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material, but some of them are different sizes and shapes. Question: Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2.:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.:END> <option_index:C:END>. <option_content:The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1.:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
285	Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?	The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material, but some of them are different shapes.	A	The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.	The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1.	The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2.	nan	physical_property_reasoning	scienceqa	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev	<image>Hint: The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material, but some of them are different shapes. Question: Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1.:END> <option_index:C:END>. <option_content:The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2.:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
288	Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?	The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material, but some of them are different sizes.	C	The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1.	The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.	The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2.	nan	physical_property_reasoning	scienceqa	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev	<image>Hint: The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material, but some of them are different sizes. Question: Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1.:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.:END> <option_index:C:END>. <option_content:The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2.:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
289	Which property do these three objects have in common?	Select the best answer.	B	blue	smooth	flexible	nan	function_reasoning	scienceqa	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev	<image>Hint: Select the best answer. Question: Which property do these three objects have in common? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:blue:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:smooth:END> <option_index:C:END>. <option_content:flexible:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.
290	Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?	The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material, but some of them are different sizes.	C	The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2.	The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.	The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1.	nan	physical_property_reasoning	scienceqa	attribute_reasoning	nan	dev	<image>Hint: The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material, but some of them are different sizes. Question: Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2.:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.:END> <option_index:C:END>. <option_content:The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1.:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

241

Identify the question that Madelyn and Tucker's experiment can best answer.

The passage below describes an experiment. Read the passage and then follow the instructions below. Madelyn applied a thin layer of wax to the underside of her snowboard and rode the board straight down a hill. Then, she removed the wax and rode the snowboard straight down the hill again. She repeated the rides four more times, alternating whether she rode with a thin layer of wax on the board or not. Her friend Tucker timed each ride. Madelyn and Tucker calculated the average time it took to slide straight down the hill on the snowboard with wax compared to the average time on the snowboard without wax. Figure: snowboarding down a hill.

B

Does Madelyn's snowboard slide down a hill in less time when it has a thin layer of wax or a thick layer of wax?

Does Madelyn's snowboard slide down a hill in less time when it has a layer of wax or when it does not have a layer of wax?

nan

identity_reasoning

scienceqa

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

<image>Hint: The passage below describes an experiment. Read the passage and then follow the instructions below. Madelyn applied a thin layer of wax to the underside of her snowboard and rode the board straight down a hill. Then, she removed the wax and rode the snowboard straight down the hill again. She repeated the rides four more times, alternating whether she rode with a thin layer of wax on the board or not. Her friend Tucker timed each ride. Madelyn and Tucker calculated the average time it took to slide straight down the hill on the snowboard with wax compared to the average time on the snowboard without wax. Figure: snowboarding down a hill. Question: Identify the question that Madelyn and Tucker's experiment can best answer. <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:Does Madelyn's snowboard slide down a hill in less time when it has a thin layer of wax or a thick layer of wax?:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:Does Madelyn's snowboard slide down a hill in less time when it has a layer of wax or when it does not have a layer of wax?:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

252

Which of the following could Laura and Isabella's test show?

People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. The passage below describes how the engineering-design process was used to test a solution to a problem. Read the passage. Then answer the question below. Laura and Isabella were making batches of concrete for a construction project. To make the concrete, they mixed together dry cement powder, gravel, and water. Then, they checked if each batch was firm enough using a test called a slump test. They poured some of the fresh concrete into an upside-down metal cone. They left the concrete in the metal cone for 30 seconds. Then, they lifted the cone to see if the concrete stayed in a cone shape or if it collapsed. If the concrete in a batch collapsed, they would know the batch should not be used. Figure: preparing a concrete slump test.

B

if the concrete from each batch took the same amount of time to dry

if a new batch of concrete was firm enough to use

nan

physical_property_reasoning

scienceqa

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

<image>Hint: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. The passage below describes how the engineering-design process was used to test a solution to a problem. Read the passage. Then answer the question below. Laura and Isabella were making batches of concrete for a construction project. To make the concrete, they mixed together dry cement powder, gravel, and water. Then, they checked if each batch was firm enough using a test called a slump test. They poured some of the fresh concrete into an upside-down metal cone. They left the concrete in the metal cone for 30 seconds. Then, they lifted the cone to see if the concrete stayed in a cone shape or if it collapsed. If the concrete in a batch collapsed, they would know the batch should not be used. Figure: preparing a concrete slump test. Question: Which of the following could Laura and Isabella's test show? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:if the concrete from each batch took the same amount of time to dry:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:if a new batch of concrete was firm enough to use:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

253

Which of the following was a dependent variable in this experiment?

The passage below describes an experiment. Read the passage and think about the variables that are described. Arianna's brother thought that crushed ice would keep his soda cooler than whole ice cubes. To test this idea, Arianna divided a large bottle of soda equally among six glasses. Arianna added five whole ice cubes to each of the first three glasses while her brother crushed five ice cubes into small pieces before adding them to each of the other three glasses. Ten minutes after all the ice had been added to the glasses, Arianna used a thermometer to measure the temperature of the soda in each glass. Hint: An independent variable is a variable whose effect you are investigating. A dependent variable is a variable that you measure. Figure: glasses of soda with ice.

A

the temperature of the soda

the size of the ice pieces

nan

physical_property_reasoning

scienceqa

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

<image>Hint: The passage below describes an experiment. Read the passage and think about the variables that are described. Arianna's brother thought that crushed ice would keep his soda cooler than whole ice cubes. To test this idea, Arianna divided a large bottle of soda equally among six glasses. Arianna added five whole ice cubes to each of the first three glasses while her brother crushed five ice cubes into small pieces before adding them to each of the other three glasses. Ten minutes after all the ice had been added to the glasses, Arianna used a thermometer to measure the temperature of the soda in each glass. Hint: An independent variable is a variable whose effect you are investigating. A dependent variable is a variable that you measure. Figure: glasses of soda with ice. Question: Which of the following was a dependent variable in this experiment? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:the temperature of the soda:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:the size of the ice pieces:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

254

Which of the following was an independent variable in this experiment?

The passage below describes an experiment. Read the passage and think about the variables that are described. Bryce noticed that some of the footballs his team used during practice were not fully inflated. He wondered whether fully inflated footballs would travel farther than footballs with a lower air pressure. To find out, Bryce collected 20 standard footballs. He fully inflated ten of them to an air pressure of 13 pounds per square inch. He inflated the remaining ten to an air pressure of 10 pounds per square inch. Bryce used to launch a ball across a football field. He measured the distance the football traveled and then launched the next ball. Bryce repeated this with all 20 balls. Hint: An independent variable is a variable whose effect you are investigating. A dependent variable is a variable that you measure. Figure: a football launcher.

B

the distance the footballs traveled

the air pressure in the footballs

nan

physical_property_reasoning

scienceqa

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

<image>Hint: The passage below describes an experiment. Read the passage and think about the variables that are described. Bryce noticed that some of the footballs his team used during practice were not fully inflated. He wondered whether fully inflated footballs would travel farther than footballs with a lower air pressure. To find out, Bryce collected 20 standard footballs. He fully inflated ten of them to an air pressure of 13 pounds per square inch. He inflated the remaining ten to an air pressure of 10 pounds per square inch. Bryce used to launch a ball across a football field. He measured the distance the football traveled and then launched the next ball. Bryce repeated this with all 20 balls. Hint: An independent variable is a variable whose effect you are investigating. A dependent variable is a variable that you measure. Figure: a football launcher. Question: Which of the following was an independent variable in this experiment? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:the distance the footballs traveled:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:the air pressure in the footballs:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

256

Which of the following could Devin's test show?

People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. The passage below describes how the engineering-design process was used to test a solution to a problem. Read the passage. Then answer the question below. Devin was a mechanical engineer who was designing to record temperature, precipitation, and wind speed. The weather station would be used in a town where the highest recorded temperature was 40¬∞C. Devin wanted to make sure the weather station would work even in unusually warm weather. So, he set an indoor test chamber to 50¬∞C with low moisture and no wind. He left the weather station in the chamber overnight. The next day, he checked to see if the weather station displayed accurate measurements after 24 hours at 50¬∞C. Figure: a weather station.

A

if the weather station would work when the temperature was 50¬∞C

how well the weather station would work when it was windy

nan

physical_property_reasoning

scienceqa

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

<image>Hint: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. The passage below describes how the engineering-design process was used to test a solution to a problem. Read the passage. Then answer the question below. Devin was a mechanical engineer who was designing to record temperature, precipitation, and wind speed. The weather station would be used in a town where the highest recorded temperature was 40¬∞C. Devin wanted to make sure the weather station would work even in unusually warm weather. So, he set an indoor test chamber to 50¬∞C with low moisture and no wind. He left the weather station in the chamber overnight. The next day, he checked to see if the weather station displayed accurate measurements after 24 hours at 50¬∞C. Figure: a weather station. Question: Which of the following could Devin's test show? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:if the weather station would work when the temperature was 50¬∞C:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:how well the weather station would work when it was windy:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

258

Identify the question that Carson's experiment can best answer.

The passage below describes an experiment. Read the passage and then follow the instructions below. Carson made six batches of muffins over the course of one day. He used whole wheat flour in three of the batches and white flour in the other three batches. He divided the batter into muffin tins, using two ounces of batter per muffin. He baked the muffins in a 350¬∞F oven for 20 minutes. After allowing the muffins to cool, Carson measured the dimensions of the muffins and calculated their volumes. He compared the volumes of the muffins made with whole wheat flour to the volumes of the muffins made with white flour. Figure: muffins cooling.

B

Does the type of flour used in the muffins affect the number of muffins that turn brown after 30 minutes in the oven?

Do muffins made with white flour have larger volumes than muffins made with whole wheat flour?

nan

physical_property_reasoning

scienceqa

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

<image>Hint: The passage below describes an experiment. Read the passage and then follow the instructions below. Carson made six batches of muffins over the course of one day. He used whole wheat flour in three of the batches and white flour in the other three batches. He divided the batter into muffin tins, using two ounces of batter per muffin. He baked the muffins in a 350¬∞F oven for 20 minutes. After allowing the muffins to cool, Carson measured the dimensions of the muffins and calculated their volumes. He compared the volumes of the muffins made with whole wheat flour to the volumes of the muffins made with white flour. Figure: muffins cooling. Question: Identify the question that Carson's experiment can best answer. <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:Does the type of flour used in the muffins affect the number of muffins that turn brown after 30 minutes in the oven?:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:Do muffins made with white flour have larger volumes than muffins made with whole wheat flour?:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

261

Which statement describes the Great Victoria Desert ecosystem?

Figure: Great Victoria Desert. The Great Victoria Desert is a hot desert ecosystem located in Western Australia and South Australia. It is the largest desert in Australia! The Great Victoria Desert is home to the rare great desert skink. To stay cool during the day, great desert skinks live in holes they dig in the ground.

B

It has thick, moist soil.

It has dry, thin soil.

nan

physical_property_reasoning

scienceqa

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

<image>Hint: Figure: Great Victoria Desert. The Great Victoria Desert is a hot desert ecosystem located in Western Australia and South Australia. It is the largest desert in Australia! The Great Victoria Desert is home to the rare great desert skink. To stay cool during the day, great desert skinks live in holes they dig in the ground. Question: Which statement describes the Great Victoria Desert ecosystem? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:It has thick, moist soil.:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:It has dry, thin soil.:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

264

Which better describes the tide pool ecosystems in Tongue Point Marine Life Sanctuary?

Figure: Tongue Point Marine Life Sanctuary. Tongue Point Marine Life Sanctuary is in western Washington State. The park is on the coast of the Pacific Ocean. It has many tide pool ecosystems.

B

It has water that is poor in nutrients. It also has only a few types of organisms.

It has water that is rich in nutrients. It also has many different types of organisms.

nan

physical_property_reasoning

scienceqa

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

<image>Hint: Figure: Tongue Point Marine Life Sanctuary. Tongue Point Marine Life Sanctuary is in western Washington State. The park is on the coast of the Pacific Ocean. It has many tide pool ecosystems. Question: Which better describes the tide pool ecosystems in Tongue Point Marine Life Sanctuary? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:It has water that is poor in nutrients. It also has only a few types of organisms.:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:It has water that is rich in nutrients. It also has many different types of organisms.:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

267

Which part of an apple tree might grow into a new tree?

This diagram shows the life cycle of an apple tree.

A

a seed

a leaf

nan

physical_property_reasoning

scienceqa

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

<image>Hint: This diagram shows the life cycle of an apple tree. Question: Which part of an apple tree might grow into a new tree? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:a seed:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:a leaf:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

269

Which animal's limbs are also adapted for gliding?

Sugar gliders live in the forests of Southeast Asia. They have two arms and two legs. They also have a thin layer of skin, called a patagium, stretched between their arms and legs. Sugar gliders use the patagium to glide through the air from tree to tree. The 's limbs are adapted for gliding. Figure: sugar glider.

A

northern flying squirrel

ring-tailed lemur

nan

physical_property_reasoning

scienceqa

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

<image>Hint: Sugar gliders live in the forests of Southeast Asia. They have two arms and two legs. They also have a thin layer of skin, called a patagium, stretched between their arms and legs. Sugar gliders use the patagium to glide through the air from tree to tree. The 's limbs are adapted for gliding. Figure: sugar glider. Question: Which animal's limbs are also adapted for gliding? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:northern flying squirrel:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:ring-tailed lemur:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

274

Which fish's mouth is also adapted for tearing through meat?

Barracudas often hunt large fish for food. The 's mouth is adapted to tear through meat. Figure: barracuda.

B

copperband butterflyfish

tiger moray

nan

physical_property_reasoning

scienceqa

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

<image>Hint: Barracudas often hunt large fish for food. The 's mouth is adapted to tear through meat. Figure: barracuda. Question: Which fish's mouth is also adapted for tearing through meat? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:copperband butterflyfish:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:tiger moray:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

278

Which animal's skin is also adapted for survival in cold places?

s live in the Canadian Arctic and Greenland. The 's skin is adapted to help the animal survive in cold places. Figure: Arctic hare.

B

fantastic leaf-tailed gecko

polar bear

nan

physical_property_reasoning

scienceqa

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

<image>Hint: s live in the Canadian Arctic and Greenland. The 's skin is adapted to help the animal survive in cold places. Figure: Arctic hare. Question: Which animal's skin is also adapted for survival in cold places? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:fantastic leaf-tailed gecko:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:polar bear:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

293

Which material is this spatula made of?

nan

A

rubber

cotton

nan

function_reasoning

scienceqa

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

<image>Question: Which material is this spatula made of? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:rubber:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:cotton:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

295

Which property do these two objects have in common?

Select the better answer.

B

yellow

salty

nan

function_reasoning

scienceqa

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

<image>Hint: Select the better answer. Question: Which property do these two objects have in common? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:yellow:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:salty:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

302

Complete the statement. Boron trifluoride is ().

The model below represents a molecule of boron trifluoride. Boron trifluoride is used to make many types of chemicals, such as plastics.

B

an elementary substance

a compound

nan

physical_property_reasoning

scienceqa

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

<image>Hint: The model below represents a molecule of boron trifluoride. Boron trifluoride is used to make many types of chemicals, such as plastics. Question: Complete the statement. Boron trifluoride is (). <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:an elementary substance:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:a compound:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

308

Complete the text to describe the diagram. Solute particles moved in both directions across the permeable membrane. But more solute particles moved across the membrane (). When there was an equal concentration on both sides, the particles reached equilibrium.

The diagram below shows a solution with one solute. Each solute particle is represented by a yellow ball. The solution fills a closed container that is divided in half by a membrane. The membrane, represented by a dotted line, is permeable to the solute particles. The diagram shows how the solution can change over time during the process of diffusion.

A

to the right than to the left

to the left than to the right

nan

physical_property_reasoning

scienceqa

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

<image>Hint: The diagram below shows a solution with one solute. Each solute particle is represented by a yellow ball. The solution fills a closed container that is divided in half by a membrane. The membrane, represented by a dotted line, is permeable to the solute particles. The diagram shows how the solution can change over time during the process of diffusion. Question: Complete the text to describe the diagram. Solute particles moved in both directions across the permeable membrane. But more solute particles moved across the membrane (). When there was an equal concentration on both sides, the particles reached equilibrium. <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:to the right than to the left:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:to the left than to the right:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

313

Complete the text to describe the diagram. Solute particles moved in both directions across the permeable membrane. But more solute particles moved across the membrane (). When there was an equal concentration on both sides, the particles reached equilibrium.

The diagram below shows a solution with one solute. Each solute particle is represented by a yellow ball. The solution fills a closed container that is divided in half by a membrane. The membrane, represented by a dotted line, is permeable to the solute particles. The diagram shows how the solution can change over time during the process of diffusion.

A

to the right than to the left

to the left than to the right

nan

physical_property_reasoning

scienceqa

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

<image>Hint: The diagram below shows a solution with one solute. Each solute particle is represented by a yellow ball. The solution fills a closed container that is divided in half by a membrane. The membrane, represented by a dotted line, is permeable to the solute particles. The diagram shows how the solution can change over time during the process of diffusion. Question: Complete the text to describe the diagram. Solute particles moved in both directions across the permeable membrane. But more solute particles moved across the membrane (). When there was an equal concentration on both sides, the particles reached equilibrium. <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:to the right than to the left:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:to the left than to the right:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

316

Complete the statement. Ammonia is ().

The model below represents a molecule of ammonia. Most of the ammonia produced every year is used by farmers to help crops grow.

B

an elementary substance

a compound

nan

physical_property_reasoning

scienceqa

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

<image>Hint: The model below represents a molecule of ammonia. Most of the ammonia produced every year is used by farmers to help crops grow. Question: Complete the statement. Ammonia is (). <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:an elementary substance:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:a compound:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

344

Which of these places was Southern Colonies?

In the following questions, you will learn about the origin of the Southern Colonies. The Southern Colonies made up the southern part of the Thirteen Colonies, which were ruled by Great Britain in the 1600s and 1700s. The population of the Southern Colonies included enslaved and free people of African descent, Native American groups, and European settlers. The map below shows the Thirteen Colonies in 1750. Look at the map. Then answer the question below.

B

Pennsylvania

Maryland

nan

object_localization

scienceqa

finegrained_perception (instance-level)

nan

dev

<image>Hint: In the following questions, you will learn about the origin of the Southern Colonies. The Southern Colonies made up the southern part of the Thirteen Colonies, which were ruled by Great Britain in the 1600s and 1700s. The population of the Southern Colonies included enslaved and free people of African descent, Native American groups, and European settlers. The map below shows the Thirteen Colonies in 1750. Look at the map. Then answer the question below. Question: Which of these places was Southern Colonies? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:Pennsylvania:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:Maryland:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

355

Based on the timeline, which statement is true?

Between 1775 and 1783, Americans fought the British in the Revolutionary War. Look at the timeline of events in the years before the war. Then answer the question.

A

Americans boycotted British goods before the Revolutionary War began.

The Boston Massacre was the first battle of the Revolutionary War.

nan

structuralized_imagetext_understanding

scienceqa

logic_reasoning

nan

dev

<image>Hint: Between 1775 and 1783, Americans fought the British in the Revolutionary War. Look at the timeline of events in the years before the war. Then answer the question. Question: Based on the timeline, which statement is true? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:Americans boycotted British goods before the Revolutionary War began.:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The Boston Massacre was the first battle of the Revolutionary War.:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

362

Is native copper a mineral?

Native copper has the following properties: solid not made by living things found in nature fixed crystal structure made of the metal copper

B

no

yes

nan

attribute_recognition

scienceqa

finegrained_perception (instance-level)

nan

dev

<image>Hint: Native copper has the following properties: solid not made by living things found in nature fixed crystal structure made of the metal copper Question: Is native copper a mineral? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:no:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:yes:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

364

Is plastic a mineral?

Plastic has the following properties: solid no fixed crystal structure not a pure substance made in a factory

B

yes

no

nan

attribute_recognition

scienceqa

finegrained_perception (instance-level)

nan

dev

<image>Hint: Plastic has the following properties: solid no fixed crystal structure not a pure substance made in a factory Question: Is plastic a mineral? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:yes:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:no:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

365

Is the following statement about our solar system true or false? The smallest planet is made mainly of rock.

Use the data to answer the question below.

B

False

True

nan

structuralized_imagetext_understanding

scienceqa

logic_reasoning

nan

dev

<image>Hint: Use the data to answer the question below. Question: Is the following statement about our solar system true or false? The smallest planet is made mainly of rock. <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:False:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:True:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

370

Is the following statement about our solar system true or false? The volume of Mars is more than three times as large as Mercury's.

Use the data to answer the question below.

B

True

False

nan

structuralized_imagetext_understanding

scienceqa

logic_reasoning

nan

dev

<image>Hint: Use the data to answer the question below. Question: Is the following statement about our solar system true or false? The volume of Mars is more than three times as large as Mercury's. <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:True:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:False:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

371

Does this passage describe the weather or the climate?

Figure: Umbria. Large, fluffy clouds filled the sky on a warm summer day in Umbria, Italy. Hint: Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place.

A

weather

climate

nan

attribute_recognition

scienceqa

finegrained_perception (instance-level)

nan

dev

<image>Hint: Figure: Umbria. Large, fluffy clouds filled the sky on a warm summer day in Umbria, Italy. Hint: Weather is what the atmosphere is like at a certain place and time. Climate is the pattern of weather in a certain place. Question: Does this passage describe the weather or the climate? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:weather:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:climate:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

377

Which of the following fossils is younger? Select the more likely answer.

This diagram shows fossils in an undisturbed sedimentary rock sequence.

B

ginkgo leaf

mammal tooth

nan

structuralized_imagetext_understanding

scienceqa

logic_reasoning

nan

dev

<image>Hint: This diagram shows fossils in an undisturbed sedimentary rock sequence. Question: Which of the following fossils is younger? Select the more likely answer. <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:ginkgo leaf:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:mammal tooth:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

388

What do hedgehogs do when they are scared?

Read the passage about hedgehogs. Hedgehogs have sharp spines that cover their backs. Some people think they look like little spiky balls! When they are scared, hedgehogs roll up into a ball. This keeps them safe from foxes and other animals. Hedgehogs eat things like insects, worms, and snails. They hunt for food in hedges and other plants, just like wild pigs, or hogs. This is how they got the name hedgehogs.

B

They shoot their spines like arrows.

They curl up into a ball.

nan

physical_property_reasoning

scienceqa

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

<image>Hint: Read the passage about hedgehogs. Hedgehogs have sharp spines that cover their backs. Some people think they look like little spiky balls! When they are scared, hedgehogs roll up into a ball. This keeps them safe from foxes and other animals. Hedgehogs eat things like insects, worms, and snails. They hunt for food in hedges and other plants, just like wild pigs, or hogs. This is how they got the name hedgehogs. Question: What do hedgehogs do when they are scared? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:They shoot their spines like arrows.:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:They curl up into a ball.:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

399

What are the fingers of a banana plant?

Read the passage about bananas. Bananas grow on banana plants in large bunches. Each group of bananas in a bunch is called a hand, and each banana is a finger. Banana plants may look like trees, but they're not. They don't have trunks. Instead, they have thick stems made of leaves. Banana plants are chopped down once all the bananas are picked. But a new plant can grow from the old plant's roots.

A

the bananas

the stems

nan

physical_property_reasoning

scienceqa

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

<image>Hint: Read the passage about bananas. Bananas grow on banana plants in large bunches. Each group of bananas in a bunch is called a hand, and each banana is a finger. Banana plants may look like trees, but they're not. They don't have trunks. Instead, they have thick stems made of leaves. Banana plants are chopped down once all the bananas are picked. But a new plant can grow from the old plant's roots. Question: What are the fingers of a banana plant? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:the bananas:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:the stems:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

401

Based on the time line, which event happens after James Marshall discovers gold and before gold becomes harder to find?

This time line shows important events during the California Gold Rush.

A

Many people move to California.

Silver is discovered in Nevada.

nan

structuralized_imagetext_understanding

scienceqa

logic_reasoning

nan

dev

<image>Hint: This time line shows important events during the California Gold Rush. Question: Based on the time line, which event happens after James Marshall discovers gold and before gold becomes harder to find? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:Many people move to California.:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:Silver is discovered in Nevada.:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

403

Based on the event chain, which event happens earlier in the legend?

This event chain shows the main events from the legend of John Henry.

B

John Henry gets sick.

John Henry beats the machine.

nan

structuralized_imagetext_understanding

scienceqa

logic_reasoning

nan

dev

<image>Hint: This event chain shows the main events from the legend of John Henry. Question: Based on the event chain, which event happens earlier in the legend? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:John Henry gets sick.:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:John Henry beats the machine.:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

404

Based on the table, in which story does the main character travel through time by accident?

This table compares three stories about time travel.

B

in both The Time Machine and A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court

only in A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court

nan

structuralized_imagetext_understanding

scienceqa

logic_reasoning

nan

dev

<image>Hint: This table compares three stories about time travel. Question: Based on the table, in which story does the main character travel through time by accident? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:in both The Time Machine and A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:only in A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

407

Based on the time line, when did people start playing polo?

This time line shows ancient sports that are still popular today. It gives each sport's likely place and date of origin.

B

before surfing

before sumo wrestling

nan

structuralized_imagetext_understanding

scienceqa

logic_reasoning

nan

dev

<image>Hint: This time line shows ancient sports that are still popular today. It gives each sport's likely place and date of origin. Question: Based on the time line, when did people start playing polo? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:before surfing:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:before sumo wrestling:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

410

Based on the table, what did Ruth Handler invent?

This table shows the inventors of some popular toys.

B

the Rubik's Cube

the Barbie doll

nan

structuralized_imagetext_understanding

scienceqa

logic_reasoning

nan

dev

<image>Hint: This table shows the inventors of some popular toys. Question: Based on the table, what did Ruth Handler invent? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:the Rubik's Cube:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:the Barbie doll:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

419

Based on the event chain, when is Tinker Bell poisoned?

This event chain shows events from Peter and Wendy by J. M. Barrie.

B

before Captain Hook captures the Lost Boys

after the Lost Boys fight the pirates

nan

structuralized_imagetext_understanding

scienceqa

logic_reasoning

nan

dev

<image>Hint: This event chain shows events from Peter and Wendy by J. M. Barrie. Question: Based on the event chain, when is Tinker Bell poisoned? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:before Captain Hook captures the Lost Boys:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:after the Lost Boys fight the pirates:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

426

Complete the sentence. The African elephant is the () land animal in the world.

This picture shows an African elephant.

B

smallest

largest

nan

attribute_recognition

scienceqa

finegrained_perception (instance-level)

nan

dev

<image>Hint: This picture shows an African elephant. Question: Complete the sentence. The African elephant is the () land animal in the world. <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:smallest:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:largest:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

428

Which trait does this red squirrel have?

This image shows a Eurasian red squirrel.

A

It has a bushy tail.

It has fins.

nan

attribute_recognition

scienceqa

finegrained_perception (instance-level)

nan

dev

<image>Hint: This image shows a Eurasian red squirrel. Question: Which trait does this red squirrel have? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:It has a bushy tail.:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:It has fins.:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

442

Select the time the lunchroom is most likely to flood.

Imagine a school is facing a problem caused by flooding. The lunchroom at Sunset Elementary School floods each year. When there is more than one inch of water on the ground outside, water flows under the doors and into the building. Dr. Rogers, the principal, wants to find a way to protect the lunchroom from flooding.

A

when a river next to the school overflows

during a drought, when there is not much rain

nan

future_prediction

scienceqa

logic_reasoning

nan

dev

<image>Hint: Imagine a school is facing a problem caused by flooding. The lunchroom at Sunset Elementary School floods each year. When there is more than one inch of water on the ground outside, water flows under the doors and into the building. Dr. Rogers, the principal, wants to find a way to protect the lunchroom from flooding. Question: Select the time the lunchroom is most likely to flood. <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:when a river next to the school overflows:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:during a drought, when there is not much rain:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

448

Which term matches the picture?

Read the text. Butterflies and moths are easily mistaken for each other, but one distinction between them often appears during their pupal stage. When most butterfly caterpillars reach full size, they attach themselves to a leaf or other object and shed their skin a final time, forming a chrysalis, a hard, shell-like skin, which protects the pupa inside. The chrysalis may be dull and rough or shiny and smooth, usually blending into its surroundings. Most moth caterpillars, by contrast, create a cocoon to protect the pupa, rather than forming a chrysalis. The cocoons usually resemble hard silk pouches, but some moths also incorporate materials like hairs and twigs.

B

cocoon

chrysalis

nan

object_localization

scienceqa

finegrained_perception (instance-level)

nan

dev

<image>Hint: Read the text. Butterflies and moths are easily mistaken for each other, but one distinction between them often appears during their pupal stage. When most butterfly caterpillars reach full size, they attach themselves to a leaf or other object and shed their skin a final time, forming a chrysalis, a hard, shell-like skin, which protects the pupa inside. The chrysalis may be dull and rough or shiny and smooth, usually blending into its surroundings. Most moth caterpillars, by contrast, create a cocoon to protect the pupa, rather than forming a chrysalis. The cocoons usually resemble hard silk pouches, but some moths also incorporate materials like hairs and twigs. Question: Which term matches the picture? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:cocoon:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:chrysalis:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

449

Which term matches the picture?

Read the text. Most animals need to maintain a body temperature within a narrow range. Endotherms, such as humans and other mammals, can regulate their temperatures internally. When the temperature of their surrounding environments changes, endotherms may shiver or sweat to keep their body temperatures within a normal range. For ectotherms, by contrast, a change in the temperature of the surrounding environment will usually affect the animal's body temperature. Ectotherms often regulate their body temperatures by moving within their environments; for instance, a lizard will lie out in the sun to warm itself up.

A

endotherms

ectotherms

nan

object_localization

scienceqa

finegrained_perception (instance-level)

nan

dev

<image>Hint: Read the text. Most animals need to maintain a body temperature within a narrow range. Endotherms, such as humans and other mammals, can regulate their temperatures internally. When the temperature of their surrounding environments changes, endotherms may shiver or sweat to keep their body temperatures within a normal range. For ectotherms, by contrast, a change in the temperature of the surrounding environment will usually affect the animal's body temperature. Ectotherms often regulate their body temperatures by moving within their environments; for instance, a lizard will lie out in the sun to warm itself up. Question: Which term matches the picture? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:endotherms:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:ectotherms:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

452

Which term matches the picture?

Read the text. The properties of a light wave affect what we see. One property of a light wave is wavelength. Wavelength measures the distance between one crest to the next. The wavelength of light determines what color, if any, is visible to the human eye. The longest visible waves are red and the shortest visible waves are violet. Another property of a light wave is amplitude. Amplitude refers to the distance between the middle of the wave and the point farthest from the center. This point is usually shown as the highest point on the wave, or the wave's crest. We perceive light waves with greater amplitude as being brighter.

A

amplitude

wavelength

nan

structuralized_imagetext_understanding

scienceqa

logic_reasoning

nan

dev

<image>Hint: Read the text. The properties of a light wave affect what we see. One property of a light wave is wavelength. Wavelength measures the distance between one crest to the next. The wavelength of light determines what color, if any, is visible to the human eye. The longest visible waves are red and the shortest visible waves are violet. Another property of a light wave is amplitude. Amplitude refers to the distance between the middle of the wave and the point farthest from the center. This point is usually shown as the highest point on the wave, or the wave's crest. We perceive light waves with greater amplitude as being brighter. Question: Which term matches the picture? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:amplitude:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:wavelength:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

453

Which term matches the picture?

Read the text. Volcanic eruptions are classified by their appearance and their behavior. During a Hawaiian eruption, for example, lava is ejected from the volcano in a column. These jets can last for several hours or for days. The lava that flows from this type of eruption can often travel for miles before cooling and hardening. A Strombolian eruption, on the other hand, occurs when lava erupts from the volcano in short-lived bursts that result in scattered sprays of lava. These bursts often resemble bright, exploding fireworks.

B

Hawaiian eruption

Strombolian eruption

nan

attribute_recognition

scienceqa

finegrained_perception (instance-level)

nan

dev

<image>Hint: Read the text. Volcanic eruptions are classified by their appearance and their behavior. During a Hawaiian eruption, for example, lava is ejected from the volcano in a column. These jets can last for several hours or for days. The lava that flows from this type of eruption can often travel for miles before cooling and hardening. A Strombolian eruption, on the other hand, occurs when lava erupts from the volcano in short-lived bursts that result in scattered sprays of lava. These bursts often resemble bright, exploding fireworks. Question: Which term matches the picture? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:Hawaiian eruption:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:Strombolian eruption:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

454

Which term matches the picture?

Read the text. Flowering plants are commonly divided into two groups: monocots and dicots. They are distinguished by the number of cotyledons their seeds have‚Äîa cotyledon is an undeveloped leaf inside the seed. Monocot seeds have one cotyledon while dicot seeds have two. You can also tell mature monocots and dicots apart based on their leaves and flowers. Monocots' petals occur in multiples of three (e.g., three or six), and their leaves have parallel veins; dicots' petals occur in multiples of four or five, and their leaves have branched veins.

A

monocot

dicot

nan

attribute_recognition

scienceqa

finegrained_perception (instance-level)

nan

dev

<image>Hint: Read the text. Flowering plants are commonly divided into two groups: monocots and dicots. They are distinguished by the number of cotyledons their seeds have‚Äîa cotyledon is an undeveloped leaf inside the seed. Monocot seeds have one cotyledon while dicot seeds have two. You can also tell mature monocots and dicots apart based on their leaves and flowers. Monocots' petals occur in multiples of three (e.g., three or six), and their leaves have parallel veins; dicots' petals occur in multiples of four or five, and their leaves have branched veins. Question: Which term matches the picture? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:monocot:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:dicot:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

477

Which term matches the picture?

Read the text. Heat transfer can occur in different ways. Two common ways are through conduction and convection. Conduction occurs when molecules from one object collide with molecules from another object. Burning your hand by touching a hot car door on a sunny summer day is an example of conduction. Convection is another form of heat transfer. When a liquid or gas is heated, the heated matter rises upward, away from the heat source. Hot bubbles rising in a pot of water boiling on a stove is an example of convection.

B

conduction

convection

nan

object_localization

scienceqa

finegrained_perception (instance-level)

nan

dev

<image>Hint: Read the text. Heat transfer can occur in different ways. Two common ways are through conduction and convection. Conduction occurs when molecules from one object collide with molecules from another object. Burning your hand by touching a hot car door on a sunny summer day is an example of conduction. Convection is another form of heat transfer. When a liquid or gas is heated, the heated matter rises upward, away from the heat source. Hot bubbles rising in a pot of water boiling on a stove is an example of convection. Question: Which term matches the picture? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:conduction:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:convection:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

478

Which term matches the picture?

Read the text. The stem of a plant contains different types of tissue. Two of these types are xylem and phloem. Xylem tissue carries water and nutrients from the roots of the plant to the leaves. Xylem moves materials in only one direction, up the plant's stem. Phloem tissue carries nutrients from the leaves to other parts of the plant. The nutrients in phloem tissue can move in two directions, either up or down the plant's stem.

B

phloem

xylem

nan

function_reasoning

scienceqa

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

<image>Hint: Read the text. The stem of a plant contains different types of tissue. Two of these types are xylem and phloem. Xylem tissue carries water and nutrients from the roots of the plant to the leaves. Xylem moves materials in only one direction, up the plant's stem. Phloem tissue carries nutrients from the leaves to other parts of the plant. The nutrients in phloem tissue can move in two directions, either up or down the plant's stem. Question: Which term matches the picture? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:phloem:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:xylem:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

480

Which term matches the picture?

Read the text. "Cleavage" and "fracture" refer to the different ways that minerals can break. Cleavage occurs when a mineral breaks and forms flat planes or surfaces. These surfaces are smooth and often reflective. Minerals break cleanly along cleavage planes because there are weak points in the mineral's structure. When a mineral breaks by fracturing, it does not break along a smooth cleavage plane. Instead, this type of break results in surfaces that may look jagged or irregular.

B

fracture

cleavage

nan

attribute_recognition

scienceqa

finegrained_perception (instance-level)

nan

dev

<image>Hint: Read the text. "Cleavage" and "fracture" refer to the different ways that minerals can break. Cleavage occurs when a mineral breaks and forms flat planes or surfaces. These surfaces are smooth and often reflective. Minerals break cleanly along cleavage planes because there are weak points in the mineral's structure. When a mineral breaks by fracturing, it does not break along a smooth cleavage plane. Instead, this type of break results in surfaces that may look jagged or irregular. Question: Which term matches the picture? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:fracture:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:cleavage:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

481

Which term matches the picture?

Read the text. The shape of a lens determines how it bends light that passes through it. A concave lens, for example, is thinner in the center than it is at the edges. This results in light rays diverging, or bending away from one another, after passing through. Concave lenses are used in TV projectors to spread out light. A convex lens, on the other hand, is thicker in center than at the edges. As a result, light rays converge, or come together, after passing through. If you place a convex lens close enough to an object, the object will appear larger when you look through the lens, as in a microscope.

A

convex lens

concave lens

nan

function_reasoning

scienceqa

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

<image>Hint: Read the text. The shape of a lens determines how it bends light that passes through it. A concave lens, for example, is thinner in the center than it is at the edges. This results in light rays diverging, or bending away from one another, after passing through. Concave lenses are used in TV projectors to spread out light. A convex lens, on the other hand, is thicker in center than at the edges. As a result, light rays converge, or come together, after passing through. If you place a convex lens close enough to an object, the object will appear larger when you look through the lens, as in a microscope. Question: Which term matches the picture? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:convex lens:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:concave lens:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

482

Which term matches the picture?

Read the text. The Ophiuroidea are marine animals that are closely related to true sea stars, or the Asteroidea. Ophiuroids are divided into two groups: brittle stars and basket stars. Brittle stars generally have five arms joined to a central body disk. Unlike those of true sea stars, the central body disks of brittle stars are usually round and sharply contrast with the arms. Basket stars are similar to brittle stars, but often larger. Unlike the thin snake-like arms of brittle stars, the arms of basket stars are often repeatedly branched.

A

basket star

brittle star

nan

attribute_recognition

scienceqa

finegrained_perception (instance-level)

nan

dev

<image>Hint: Read the text. The Ophiuroidea are marine animals that are closely related to true sea stars, or the Asteroidea. Ophiuroids are divided into two groups: brittle stars and basket stars. Brittle stars generally have five arms joined to a central body disk. Unlike those of true sea stars, the central body disks of brittle stars are usually round and sharply contrast with the arms. Basket stars are similar to brittle stars, but often larger. Unlike the thin snake-like arms of brittle stars, the arms of basket stars are often repeatedly branched. Question: Which term matches the picture? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:basket star:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:brittle star:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

484

Which term matches the picture?

Read the text. The nucleus is an important feature of a eukaryotic cell. The nucleus is usually round and stores long coiled structures called chromosomes, which contain the cell's genetic material. A prokaryotic cell, by contrast, doesn't have a nucleus. Instead, its chromosomes are loose in the cell, not surrounded by a membrane. Because prokaryotic cells lack nuclei and other membrane-bound structures, prokaryotic cells are typically simpler than eukaryotic cells.

A

prokaryotic cell

eukaryotic cell

nan

attribute_recognition

scienceqa

finegrained_perception (instance-level)

nan

dev

<image>Hint: Read the text. The nucleus is an important feature of a eukaryotic cell. The nucleus is usually round and stores long coiled structures called chromosomes, which contain the cell's genetic material. A prokaryotic cell, by contrast, doesn't have a nucleus. Instead, its chromosomes are loose in the cell, not surrounded by a membrane. Because prokaryotic cells lack nuclei and other membrane-bound structures, prokaryotic cells are typically simpler than eukaryotic cells. Question: Which term matches the picture? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:prokaryotic cell:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:eukaryotic cell:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

485

Which term matches the picture?

Read the text. Igneous rock forms when melted rock, like magma or lava, cools and hardens. The faster the rock cools, the finer its grain. That's because there isn't as much time for crystals to form. A rock like obsidian cools quickly and creates a smooth and glassy black rock. Obsidian can be chipped down into a fine point. Granite, on the other hand, cools slowly. It has large mineral grains that form as it cools. The grains create interesting patterns, which is why granite is often used for kitchen countertops.

B

obsidian

granite

nan

attribute_recognition

scienceqa

finegrained_perception (instance-level)

nan

dev

<image>Hint: Read the text. Igneous rock forms when melted rock, like magma or lava, cools and hardens. The faster the rock cools, the finer its grain. That's because there isn't as much time for crystals to form. A rock like obsidian cools quickly and creates a smooth and glassy black rock. Obsidian can be chipped down into a fine point. Granite, on the other hand, cools slowly. It has large mineral grains that form as it cools. The grains create interesting patterns, which is why granite is often used for kitchen countertops. Question: Which term matches the picture? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:obsidian:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:granite:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

486

Which term matches the picture?

Read the text. There are two kinds of energy: kinetic and potential. Kinetic energy is the energy of a moving object. Wind and flowing water both have kinetic energy. Another type of energy is potential energy. There are different types of potential energy. You can think of potential energy as kinds of stored energy. For example, a compressed spring has elastic potential energy. If it doesn't have something holding it down, its energy will be released and it will spring forward.

B

kinetic energy

potential energy

nan

physical_property_reasoning

scienceqa

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

<image>Hint: Read the text. There are two kinds of energy: kinetic and potential. Kinetic energy is the energy of a moving object. Wind and flowing water both have kinetic energy. Another type of energy is potential energy. There are different types of potential energy. You can think of potential energy as kinds of stored energy. For example, a compressed spring has elastic potential energy. If it doesn't have something holding it down, its energy will be released and it will spring forward. Question: Which term matches the picture? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:kinetic energy:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:potential energy:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

487

Which term matches the picture?

Read the text. The sea is home to many different groups, or phyla, of animals. Two of these are cnidarians and echinoderms. Cnidarian comes from a Greek word that means "nettle," a stinging type of plant. Cnidarians have tentacles all around their mouths, which they use to sting prey and pull the prey toward their mouths. Echinoderm comes from Greek words meaning "spiny" and "skin." Echinoderms have stiff bodies, and their spines may stick out of their skins. Adult echinoderms' bodies are often arranged in five balanced parts, like a star.

B

echinoderm

cnidarian

nan

attribute_recognition

scienceqa

finegrained_perception (instance-level)

nan

dev

<image>Hint: Read the text. The sea is home to many different groups, or phyla, of animals. Two of these are cnidarians and echinoderms. Cnidarian comes from a Greek word that means "nettle," a stinging type of plant. Cnidarians have tentacles all around their mouths, which they use to sting prey and pull the prey toward their mouths. Echinoderm comes from Greek words meaning "spiny" and "skin." Echinoderms have stiff bodies, and their spines may stick out of their skins. Adult echinoderms' bodies are often arranged in five balanced parts, like a star. Question: Which term matches the picture? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:echinoderm:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:cnidarian:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

488

Which term matches the picture?

Read the text. If something has bilateral symmetry, you can draw a line from top to bottom and both sides of the line will match. For example, if you drew a line down the center of someone's face, both sides would have one eye, half a nose, and half a mouth. If you drew a line in the middle from left to right, however, the two sides would not match. Radial symmetry describes something that is symmetrical, or matching, all the way around. A daisy, and many other flowers, have radial symmetry. You could cut a daisy in half from top to bottom in many directions‚Äîdown the middle or left to right‚Äîand the halves would match.

B

bilateral symmetry

radial symmetry

nan

spatial_relationship

scienceqa

finegrained_perception (cross-instance)

nan

dev

<image>Hint: Read the text. If something has bilateral symmetry, you can draw a line from top to bottom and both sides of the line will match. For example, if you drew a line down the center of someone's face, both sides would have one eye, half a nose, and half a mouth. If you drew a line in the middle from left to right, however, the two sides would not match. Radial symmetry describes something that is symmetrical, or matching, all the way around. A daisy, and many other flowers, have radial symmetry. You could cut a daisy in half from top to bottom in many directions‚Äîdown the middle or left to right‚Äîand the halves would match. Question: Which term matches the picture? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:bilateral symmetry:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:radial symmetry:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

858

Two magnets are places as shown. Will these magnets attract or repel each other?

nan

A

Repel.

Attract.

nan

physical_property_reasoning

Internet

attribute_reasoning

https://scienceqa-webdem…/17777/image.png

dev

<image>Question: Two magnets are places as shown. Will these magnets attract or repel each other? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:Repel.:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:Attract.:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

863

Two magnets are placed as shown. Hint: Magnets that attract pull together. Magnets that repel push apart. Will these magnets attract or repel each other?

nan

A

Repel.

Attract.

nan

physical_property_reasoning

Internet

attribute_reasoning

https://scienceqa-webdem…a/5727/image.png

dev

<image>Question: Two magnets are placed as shown. Hint: Magnets that attract pull together. Magnets that repel push apart. Will these magnets attract or repel each other? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:Repel.:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:Attract.:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

1,085

is this place crowded?

nan

A

yes

no

nan

image_scene

https://st.depositphotos…ognizable-at.jpg

coarse_perception

nan

dev

<image>Question: is this place crowded? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:yes:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:no:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

1,086

is this place crowded?

nan

A

yes

no

nan

image_scene

https://st2.depositphoto…-at-the-pole.jpg

coarse_perception

nan

dev

<image>Question: is this place crowded? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:yes:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:no:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

1,087

is this place crowded?

nan

B

yes

no

nan

image_scene

https://st3.depositphoto…-in-an-empty.jpg

coarse_perception

nan

dev

<image>Question: is this place crowded? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:yes:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:no:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

1,088

is this place crowded?

nan

B

yes

no

nan

image_scene

https://st2.depositphoto…ina-may-2021.jpg

coarse_perception

nan

dev

<image>Question: is this place crowded? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:yes:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:no:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

1,231

Which image is more brightful?

nan

A

The first image

The second image

nan

image_quality

http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062010335181_0826373.jpg

coarse_perception

nan

dev

<image>Question: Which image is more brightful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

1,232

Which image is more brightful?

nan

A

The first image

The second image

nan

image_quality

http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062010363246_07162655.jpg

coarse_perception

nan

dev

<image>Question: Which image is more brightful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

1,234

Which image is more brightful?

nan

B

The first image

The second image

nan

image_quality

http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062010393888_018238731.jpg

coarse_perception

nan

dev

<image>Question: Which image is more brightful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

1,235

Which image is more brightful?

nan

A

The first image

The second image

nan

image_quality

http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062010402603_020522527.jpg

coarse_perception

nan

dev

<image>Question: Which image is more brightful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

1,237

Which image is more brightful?

nan

B

The first image

The second image

nan

image_quality

http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062010433198_039140730.jpg

coarse_perception

nan

dev

<image>Question: Which image is more brightful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

1,238

Which image is more brightful?

nan

B

The first image

The second image

nan

image_quality

http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062010441353_070272233.jpg

coarse_perception

nan

dev

<image>Question: Which image is more brightful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

1,242

Which image is more brightful?

nan

B

The first image

The second image

nan

image_quality

http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062010480893_033000255.jpg

coarse_perception

nan

dev

<image>Question: Which image is more brightful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

1,243

Which image is more brightful?

nan

B

The first image

The second image

nan

image_quality

http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062010490591_056278886.jpg

coarse_perception

nan

dev

<image>Question: Which image is more brightful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

1,244

Which image is more brightful?

nan

B

The first image

The second image

nan

image_quality

http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062010503322_062503983.jpg

coarse_perception

nan

dev

<image>Question: Which image is more brightful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

1,247

Which image is more brightful?

nan

A

The first image

The second image

nan

image_quality

http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062010532905_0132921013.jpg

coarse_perception

nan

dev

<image>Question: Which image is more brightful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

1,248

Which image is more brightful?

nan

A

The first image

The second image

nan

image_quality

http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062010541415_0137841242.jpg

coarse_perception

nan

dev

<image>Question: Which image is more brightful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

1,251

Which image is more brightful?

nan

A

The first image

The second image

nan

image_quality

http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062011003409_0100882570.jpg

coarse_perception

nan

dev

<image>Question: Which image is more brightful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

1,253

Which image is more brightful?

nan

A

The first image

The second image

nan

image_quality

http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062011023667_0156451756.jpg

coarse_perception

nan

dev

<image>Question: Which image is more brightful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

1,254

Which image is more brightful?

nan

A

The first image

The second image

nan

image_quality

http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062011032870_0202351926.jpg

coarse_perception

nan

dev

<image>Question: Which image is more brightful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

1,255

Which image is more brightful?

nan

A

The first image

The second image

nan

image_quality

http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062011041417_0255857546.jpg

coarse_perception

nan

dev

<image>Question: Which image is more brightful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

1,256

Which image is more brightful?

nan

A

The first image

The second image

nan

image_quality

http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062011065517_0213906996.jpg

coarse_perception

nan

dev

<image>Question: Which image is more brightful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

1,257

Which image is more brightful?

nan

B

The first image

The second image

nan

image_quality

http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062011074600_0147783170.jpg

coarse_perception

nan

dev

<image>Question: Which image is more brightful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

1,258

Which image is more brightful?

nan

A

The first image

The second image

nan

image_quality

http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062011083912_0260267679.jpg

coarse_perception

nan

dev

<image>Question: Which image is more brightful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

1,259

Which image is more brightful?

nan

A

The first image

The second image

nan

image_quality

http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062011092520_0286576891.jpg

coarse_perception

nan

dev

<image>Question: Which image is more brightful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

1,262

which image is more colorful?

nan

A

The first image

The second image

nan

image_quality

http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062011173220_0445846327.jpg

coarse_perception

nan

dev

<image>Question: which image is more colorful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

1,264

which image is more colorful?

nan

A

The first image

The second image

nan

image_quality

http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062011191916_0450063799.jpg

coarse_perception

nan

dev

<image>Question: which image is more colorful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

1,267

which image is more colorful?

nan

B

The first image

The second image

nan

image_quality

http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062011223063_0516771790.jpg

coarse_perception

nan

dev

<image>Question: which image is more colorful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

1,268

which image is more colorful?

nan

B

The first image

The second image

nan

image_quality

http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062011230705_0563363297.jpg

coarse_perception

nan

dev

<image>Question: which image is more colorful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

1,269

which image is more colorful?

nan

B

The first image

The second image

nan

image_quality

http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062011240459_0742801177.jpg

coarse_perception

nan

dev

<image>Question: which image is more colorful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

1,270

which image is more colorful?

nan

A

The first image

The second image

nan

image_quality

http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062011240459_0742801177.jpg

coarse_perception

nan

dev

<image>Question: which image is more colorful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

1,273

which image is more colorful?

nan

B

The first image

The second image

nan

image_quality

http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062011324186_01473138944.jpg

coarse_perception

nan

dev

<image>Question: which image is more colorful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

1,275

which image is more colorful?

nan

A

The first image

The second image

nan

image_quality

http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062011345196_03976452832.jpg

coarse_perception

nan

dev

<image>Question: which image is more colorful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

1,276

which image is more colorful?

nan

A

The first image

The second image

nan

image_quality

http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062011360128_04698931028.jpg

coarse_perception

nan

dev

<image>Question: which image is more colorful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

1,277

which image is more colorful?

nan

B

The first image

The second image

nan

image_quality

http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062011364479_05197869977.jpg

coarse_perception

nan

dev

<image>Question: which image is more colorful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

1,278

which image is more colorful?

nan

B

The first image

The second image

nan

image_quality

http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062011373576_03642904232.jpg

coarse_perception

nan

dev

<image>Question: which image is more colorful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

1,279

which image is more colorful?

nan

A

The first image

The second image

nan

image_quality

http://zuohaotu.com/Download/062011381502_06282202152.jpg

coarse_perception

nan

dev

<image>Question: which image is more colorful? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The first image:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The second image:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

34

Which one is the correct caption of this image?

nan

A

A woman is riding a motorcycle down the street.

The house appears to be clean and beautifully decorated.

An elephant is chasing a dog around in the dirt.

A woman is walking her dog and has stopped at a corner and is looking at all the lights and buildings.

action_recognition

description

finegrained_perception (cross-instance)

nan

dev

<image>Question: Which one is the correct caption of this image? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:A woman is riding a motorcycle down the street.:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The house appears to be clean and beautifully decorated.:END> <option_index:C:END>. <option_content:An elephant is chasing a dog around in the dirt.:END> <option_index:D:END>. <option_content:A woman is walking her dog and has stopped at a corner and is looking at all the lights and buildings.:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

51

Which one is the correct caption of this image?

nan

D

a brown and black ox and a white and black one and grass

A beautiful woman holding up an umbrella next to a forest.

A cutting board and a metal pan topped with pizza.

A huge heard of sheep are all scattered together.

image_scene

description

coarse_perception

nan

dev

<image>Question: Which one is the correct caption of this image? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:a brown and black ox and a white and black one and grass:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:A beautiful woman holding up an umbrella next to a forest.:END> <option_index:C:END>. <option_content:A cutting board and a metal pan topped with pizza.:END> <option_index:D:END>. <option_content:A huge heard of sheep are all scattered together.:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

168

An interesting feature of the clocks on this building is that they use Roman numerals to display the time. There are two such Roman numeral clocks on the tower of the old building. This adds a sense of history and architectural interest to the structure. Adding to its unique design, the tower is also adorned with a five-pointed star on top, giving it a distinctive appearance.

nan

B

The building has a modern and minimalistic design with no distinctive features.

The building has a unique design with Roman numeral clocks and a five-pointed star on top.

The clocks on the building are digital and display the time in Arabic numerals.

nan

function_reasoning

reasoning

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

<image>Question: An interesting feature of the clocks on this building is that they use Roman numerals to display the time. There are two such Roman numeral clocks on the tower of the old building. This adds a sense of history and architectural interest to the structure. Adding to its unique design, the tower is also adorned with a five-pointed star on top, giving it a distinctive appearance. <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The building has a modern and minimalistic design with no distinctive features.:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The building has a unique design with Roman numeral clocks and a five-pointed star on top.:END> <option_index:C:END>. <option_content:The clocks on the building are digital and display the time in Arabic numerals.:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

244

Which of the following could Ernesto's test show?

People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. The passage below describes how the engineering-design process was used to test a solution to a problem. Read the passage. Then answer the question below. Ernesto was a landscape architect who was hired to design a new city park. The city council wanted the park to have space for outdoor concerts and to have at least 20% of the park shaded by trees. Ernesto thought the concert area should be at least 150 meters from the road so traffic noise didn't interrupt the music. He developed three possible designs for the park with the concert area in a different location in each design. Then, he tested each design by measuring the distance between the road and the concert area. Figure: studying an architect's design.

A

which design would have the greatest distance between the concert area and the road

which design would have the least traffic noise in the concert area

if at least 20% of the park would be shaded by trees in each design

nan

identity_reasoning

scienceqa

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

<image>Hint: People can use the engineering-design process to develop solutions to problems. One step in the process is testing if a potential solution meets the requirements of the design. The passage below describes how the engineering-design process was used to test a solution to a problem. Read the passage. Then answer the question below. Ernesto was a landscape architect who was hired to design a new city park. The city council wanted the park to have space for outdoor concerts and to have at least 20% of the park shaded by trees. Ernesto thought the concert area should be at least 150 meters from the road so traffic noise didn't interrupt the music. He developed three possible designs for the park with the concert area in a different location in each design. Then, he tested each design by measuring the distance between the road and the concert area. Figure: studying an architect's design. Question: Which of the following could Ernesto's test show? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:which design would have the greatest distance between the concert area and the road:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:which design would have the least traffic noise in the concert area:END> <option_index:C:END>. <option_content:if at least 20% of the park would be shaded by trees in each design:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

270

Which statement describes the Taklamakan Desert ecosystem?

Figure: Taklamakan Desert. The Taklamakan Desert is a cold desert ecosystem in northwestern China. Towns in this desert were stops along the Silk Road, a historical trade route between China and eastern Europe.

A

It has dry, thin soil.

It has warm summers and mild winters.

It has a medium amount of rain.

nan

physical_property_reasoning

scienceqa

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

<image>Hint: Figure: Taklamakan Desert. The Taklamakan Desert is a cold desert ecosystem in northwestern China. Towns in this desert were stops along the Silk Road, a historical trade route between China and eastern Europe. Question: Which statement describes the Taklamakan Desert ecosystem? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:It has dry, thin soil.:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:It has warm summers and mild winters.:END> <option_index:C:END>. <option_content:It has a medium amount of rain.:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

282

Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material.

A

The strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.

The magnetic force is weaker in Pair 2.

The magnetic force is weaker in Pair 1.

nan

physical_property_reasoning

scienceqa

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

<image>Hint: The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material. Question: Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The strength of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The magnetic force is weaker in Pair 2.:END> <option_index:C:END>. <option_content:The magnetic force is weaker in Pair 1.:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

284

Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material, but some of them are different sizes and shapes.

C

The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2.

The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.

The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1.

nan

physical_property_reasoning

scienceqa

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

<image>Hint: The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material, but some of them are different sizes and shapes. Question: Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2.:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.:END> <option_index:C:END>. <option_content:The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1.:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

285

Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material, but some of them are different shapes.

A

The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.

The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1.

The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2.

nan

physical_property_reasoning

scienceqa

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

<image>Hint: The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material, but some of them are different shapes. Question: Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1.:END> <option_index:C:END>. <option_content:The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2.:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

288

Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material, but some of them are different sizes.

C

The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1.

The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.

The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2.

nan

physical_property_reasoning

scienceqa

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

<image>Hint: The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material, but some of them are different sizes. Question: Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 1.:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.:END> <option_index:C:END>. <option_content:The magnitude of the magnetic force is greater in Pair 2.:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

289

Which property do these three objects have in common?

Select the best answer.

B

blue

smooth

flexible

nan

function_reasoning

scienceqa

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

<image>Hint: Select the best answer. Question: Which property do these three objects have in common? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:blue:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:smooth:END> <option_index:C:END>. <option_content:flexible:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

290

Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true?

The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material, but some of them are different sizes.

C

The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2.

The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.

The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1.

nan

physical_property_reasoning

scienceqa

attribute_reasoning

nan

dev

<image>Hint: The images below show two pairs of magnets. The magnets in different pairs do not affect each other. All the magnets shown are made of the same material, but some of them are different sizes. Question: Think about the magnetic force between the magnets in each pair. Which of the following statements is true? <option_index:A:END>. <option_content:The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 2.:END> <option_index:B:END>. <option_content:The magnitude of the magnetic force is the same in both pairs.:END> <option_index:C:END>. <option_content:The magnitude of the magnetic force is smaller in Pair 1.:END> Please select the correct answer from the options above.

Datasets:

mm-eval
/

MMBench-en

Data Sourcing report